ID int64 0 400k | content stringlengths 97 5.85k |
|---|---|
19,400 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of Digital Twin and Hologram Technology to Achieve Distribution Network Reliability Forecast, and key words: Technological innovation, Power supplies, Distribution networks, Reliability theory, Predictive models, Power system reliability, Digital twins. Abstract: This paper presents a reliability evaluation method of distribution network, which is based on the digital twin and hologram technology. The conventional method, which is based on the power outage information of distribution stations, just realizes the ex-post evaluation. However, the application of digital twin technology can not only archive real-time computing but also accurately forecast the reliability of a distribution network. In this paper, a successful application case is illustrated, which proves the feasibility of the application of digital twin technology in power grid. |
19,401 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint Vehicle Association and Power Allocation for Energy Efficient Connected Automated Vehicles, and key words: Vehicle-to-infrastructure, Simulation, Taylor series, Energy efficiency, Sensors, Numerical models, Resource management. Abstract: Connected Automated Vehicle (CAV) is a promising paradigm for achieving safe and intelligent transportation systems. In CAV scenario, massive raw sensor data needs to be shared among vehicles under strict latency and high data rate constraints, which poses critical challenges on existing low data rate vehicular communication on 5.9 GHz band. To address these challenges, we propose a millimeter wave (mmWave) enabled CAV network with high capacity to support the raw sensor data sharing among vehicles. A joint vehicle association and power allocation (JVAPA) algorithm is proposed to maximize date rate while minimize energy consumption for CAVs. The one-to-many vehicle association problem is formulated as a swap matching model, and the stable matching states for CAVs and BSs association are achieved. The non-convex power allocation problem is transformed into a convex problem using the first order Taylor expansion, and the optimal power allocation results are achieved. Numerical results verify that the proposed JVAPA algorithm can significantly improve the energy efficiency compared with the benchmark algorithms. |
19,402 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Improvement on Reception Confirmation Messages in Bluetooth Mesh Networks, and key words: Bluetooth, Mesh networks, Standards, Lighting, Internet of Things, Reliability, Performance evaluation. Abstract: Bluetooth mesh is a recent technology built on the Bluetooth low energy protocol stack architecture, focusing on the Internet of Things. It represents an excellent solution for commercial and industrial lighting applications, though it is still evolving. One of the biggest challenges of the Bluetooth mesh network is the improvement of confirmation messages reception. In a Bluetooth mesh network, determining the Status of the received messages is a critical aspect that can generate unexpected issues when multiple devices respond simultaneously, as it may occur in some lighting applications. This behavior can reduce the probability of message delivery due to collisions, especially when the number of devices in the network increases. This article aims to improve the reliability in receiving confirmation messages in a Bluetooth mesh network by proposing a new technique of spreading Status overtime. To evaluate the proposed technique’s performance, we compare our technique with a Bluetooth mesh network with standard configuration (SC) using real nodes experimental setup. We evaluated our results in terms of packet-loss rate, obtaining 98.84% of the Status received for the network with our optimized configuration and 96.98% for those with the SC. Finally, an in-depth performance evaluation method for the analysis of the lost Status was also conducted. |
19,403 | Please write an abstract with title: Nutation Mode Suppression of Magnetically Levitated Turbo-Rotor via Damping Optimization, and key words: Rotors, Magnetic levitation, Damping, Couplings, Magnetomechanical effects, Force, Feedback control. Abstract: The significant nutation will degrade the stability of high-speed magnetically levitated turbo-rotor system. This article presents a damping optimization method to suppress the nutation mode. The proposed method consists of two parts: nutation compensation and damping optimization. The nutation compensation with the cross-channel displacement signal is designed in detail to increase the damping force of nutation mode in the first part. The root locus of the closed-loop rotor system is used to analyze the effect of damping compensation. The control parameters are iterated to configure the pole of the nutation mode with the goal of making the rotor system have the optimal damping ratio at the nutation mode. Finally, simulation results show that the nutation damping ratio of the rotor system with the proposed method is greater than 0.658, and the experiment results on a magnetically levitated turbomolecular pump prototype validate that the proposed damping optimization method can effectively suppress the nutation mode and its power spectrum level is below $-$60 dB over the entire speed range. |
19,404 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multi-Objective Approach Based on Differential Evolution and Deep Learning Algorithms for VANETs, and key words: Task analysis, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Costs, Optimization, Heuristic algorithms, Delays, Cloud computing. Abstract: Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are becoming more prominent in our society (for example, in smart cities), although a number of challenges remain to be (fully) addressed (e.g., high vehicle mobility). In this paper, we propose a scheme that combines both a cluster algorithm and a Multi-Objective Task Distribution algorithm based on Differential Evolution (MOTD-DE), designed to ensure stability and reliability in vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) deployments. Specifically, we use Kubernetes container-base as the cluster algorithm to select various vehicles that fulfill the algorithm's conditions. Hence, this allows us to perform complex tasks on behalf of data owner vehicles. In our approach, the vehicles' information will be available on the master vehicle (data owner vehicle) when the vehicle joins the cluster, and a deep learning model is used to define the fit complexity of sub-tasks. The proposed MOTD-DE distributes sub-tasks between vehicle clusters to reduce the execution time and the resources (vehicles) used to perform a task. We also assume the sub-tasks to be independent. To evaluate our work, we propose scenarios with varying number of tasks, vehicles, CPU and memories values, and distances between cluster vehicles and data owner vehicle. A comparative summary of the evaluation findings between MOTD-DE and four other widely used approaches (i.e., Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant-Colony algorithm (ACO), and Artificial-Bee-Colony (ABC) algorithm) shows that MOTD-DE outperforms these competing approaches. |
19,405 | Please write an abstract with title: Capacitive–Inductive Magnetic Plug Sensor With High Adaptability for Online Debris Monitoring, and key words: Capacitance, Plugs, Oils, Inductance, Electric fields, Monitoring, Temperature measurement. Abstract: A capacitive–inductive magnetic plug sensor for online condition monitoring is proposed in this article, which can achieve particle counting, debris measurement, and wear rate estimation. The sensor can detect capacitance and inductance parameters, the coil is the outer electrode to detect the dielectric change in capacitance mode, and the coil directly induces magnetic field disturbance in inductance mode. Through introducing a reference unit, Wheatstone bridge circuits are constructed to enhance the response to debris and reduce the interference of oil temperature and viscosity. A postprocessing circuit with filtering and amplifying functions is adopted to improve accuracy. The sensor output characteristics and debris position effect are studied through the experiment. The comprehensive analysis of the detection results in two modes can improve sensor adaptability and overcome the deficiency of low reliability based on a single detection method. This sensor can provide more accurate debris information for the fault diagnosis of hydraulic equipment and is of great significance for intelligent maintenance. |
19,406 | Please write an abstract with title: A 4-Gb/s Laser-Free Picosecond Impulse Transmitter With a Broadband On-Chip Antenna, and key words: Wireless communication, Transmitting antennas, Reflector antennas, Frequency measurement, System-on-chip, Broadband antennas, Wideband. Abstract: This paper presents a 4-Gb/s oscillator-free, laser-free, impulse-based transmitter for long-range wireless communication. Picosecond impulses with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 2.5 ps are measured, corresponding to a wideband frequency comb from 330 GHz to 1.052 THz. A specular non-line-of-sight (NLOS) link was built using this transmitter, parabolic reflector antennas, and a plane mirror. A 2-m communication link is demonstrated in this paper. |
19,407 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Dimensional Spectrum Data Denoising Based on Tensor Theory, and key words: Tensors, System performance, Simulation, Noise reduction, Estimation, Approximation algorithms, Noise measurement. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel multi-dimensional spectrum data denoising scheme from the perspective of tensor theory. The spectrum data is organized into spectrum tensor comprehensively from multiple dimensions. The optimal low rank approximation of the noisy spectrum tensor can be calculated by TUCKALS3 algorithm to reduce noise. Estimating the n-rank of tensor more accurately is necessary to improve the denoising performance of the TUCKALS3 algorithm. Therefore, we further improve the existing minimum description length (MDL) algorithm. Experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the spectrum tensor can be increased by 15dB averagely by applying the enhanced algorithm, even at a higher noise level. The enhanced TUCKALS3 algorithm can effectively denoise multi-dimensional spectrum data and improve the corresponding system performance. |
19,408 | Please write an abstract with title: Online inverse reinforcement learning with limited data, and key words: Estimation, Trajectory, Reinforcement learning, Uncertainty, Approximation error, Adaptive control, Switches. Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of online inverse reinforcement learning for systems with limited data and uncertain dynamics. In the developed approach, the state and control trajectories are recorded online by observing an agent perform a task, and reward function estimation is performed in real-time using a novel inverse reinforcement learning approach. Parameter estimation is performed concurrently to help compensate for uncertainties in the agent's dynamics. Data insufficiency is resolved by developing a data-driven update law to estimate the optimal feedback controller. The estimated controller can then be queried to artificially create additional data to drive reward function estimation. |
19,409 | Please write an abstract with title: iTouch – Blind Assistance Smart Glove, and key words: Navigation, Wearable computers, Cellular phones, Thumb, Music, Object detection, Stairs. Abstract: Differentially abled people need support of smart assistive devices, of which visually impaired people need at most care. There are several wearable devices and mobile apps to assist them, but they are unable to meet the sense of vision. It would be better if wearable devices won’t hurt them and keeping cell phones in our pockets than having them in hands. iTouch is a combination of "Smart Glove + Your Phone + Bone Conductive Headphone". Together Intelligent Glove and Cell Phone, they have capability to Call, Text, Record Video and Audio, Capture Image, Object Detection, Stair Case Detection, Human Detection, Presence of electricity, GPS Navigation, Heart Beat Monitoring and lot more. Glove can be used to access apps in the Mobile. Since thumb is the pointer, only one hand is needed. Bone conductive head phone can be used to listen to music, answer a call and also it will help to hear our surrounding than ears are closed. Glove is flexible and too thin enough to do our daily activities. |
19,410 | Please write an abstract with title: Multicast based client for video-on-demand services - a case study, and key words: Computer aided software engineering, Motion pictures, Cable TV, TV broadcasting, DSL, Video compression, Switches, Costs, Unicast, Multicast communication. Abstract: Multicasting is the ability to accept messages from application and deliver these messages to a multitude of requesting clients. It thus combines the strengths of unicast and broadcast communication. The paper provides an insight into the development and implementation of a multicast client module designed for video-on-demand purposes. With the help of multicast communication, the performance of the video transmission between server and clients is increased to a level where video-on-demand becomes a serious alternative to "normal" cable solutions. |
19,411 | Please write an abstract with title: On-Chip Democracy: A Study on the Use of Voting Systems for Computer Cache Memory Management, and key words: Lips, Memory management, Benchmark testing, Cache memory, Measurement, Transforms, System-on-chip. Abstract: In computer architecture, memory management is required to optimize data accesses by the processor(s). Therefore, cache replacement policies, such as LRU, FIFO, etc., have been developed. These standalone policies optimize for a single access attribute, limiting their impact for applications with non-uniform behaviors. In this work, we propose a preliminary study on the use of voting systems for computer memory management, with a Hybrid Voting-based Eviction policy (HyVE). HyVE combines existing policies by taking their individual ranking of the eviction candidates and uses a voting system to select the evicted data. The Borda count and the Condorcet method are applied, and we analyze how their properties regarding Arrow's axioms of democracy affect the results. Simulations show that HyVE/Borda consistently performs better than its constituent standalone policies, improving cache performance by 3% compared to LRU on average. Compared to the Borda count, we observe that the Condorcet method performance falls short in this computer memory context, although respecting the Condorcet criterion. This can be explained by the small number of voters involved, which seems to be compensated by Borda's point system. |
19,412 | Please write an abstract with title: Electricity Demand Forecasting Models at Hourly and Daily Level: A Comparative Study, and key words: Meters, Social networking (online), Computational modeling, Sociology, Smart homes, Predictive models, Transformers. Abstract: Due to industrialization and an increase in population, the electricity demand has increased sharply. There is a gap between the supply and requirement of electricity. Electricity forecasting plays a very significant role in power grid as it is required to maintain balance between supply and load demand at all the times, to provide a quality supply of electricity, for financial planning, generation reserve, system security, and many more. Forecasting power is one of the complex problems due to various factors like time and weather. It becomes easier to store relevant data due to technological advancements (Smart Home and Internet of Things-IoT). The electricity consumption data collected through sensor devices can be utilized to know future electricity requirements. In this paper we have applied ten models on the Electricity consumption dataset of house from 11 Jan, 2016, to 27 May 2016 (around 4.5 Months duration) per 10-minute observation. It is observed from the results that Facebook Prophet model is the best performing model. |
19,413 | Please write an abstract with title: Supporting demanding hard-real-time systems with STI, and key words: Microcontrollers, Real time systems, Program compilers. Abstract: Software thread integration (STI) is a compilation technique which enables the efficient use of an application's fine-grain idle time on generic processors without special hardware support. With STI, a primary function is automatically interleaved with a secondary function to create a single implicitly multithreaded function which minimizes context switching and, hence, both improves performance and also offers very fine-grain concurrency. In this work, we extend STI techniques to address two challenges. First, we reduce response time for interrupts or other high-priority threads by introducing polling servers into integrated threads. Second, we enable integration with long host threads, expanding the domain of STI. We derive methods to evaluate the response time for threads in systems with and without these new integration methods. We demonstrate these concepts with the integration of various threads in a sample hard-real-time system on a highly-constrained microcontroller. We use an inexpensive 20 MHz AVR 8-bit microcontroller to generate monochrome NTSC video while servicing a high-speed (115,2 kbaud) serial communication link. We have built and tested this system, achieving graphics rendering speed-ups of 3.99/spl times/ to 13.5/spl times/. |
19,414 | Please write an abstract with title: A robust video based license plate recognition system, and key words: Robustness, License plate recognition, Character recognition, Educational institutions, Layout, Image edge detection, Tiles, Neural networks, Histograms, Automation. Abstract: License plate recognition system (LPRS) is a difficult problem in the field of machine vision and is of substantial interest because of its applications to areas such as cross border security, law enforcement and various other automation applications. Previous methods used plate specific details such as aspect ratio, color or dimensions of the plate in the complex task of plate localization. In this paper, license plate localization process is carried out by weight based density map (WBDM) method, which is independent of such constraints. The proposed method also relaxes constraints in lighting conditions. The robustness of this method is well suited for application in countries like India where the appearance of plates varies widely. 1750 images were captured in different background scenes under various lighting conditions. This method has been tested with different types of vehicles such as buses, care, trucks etc. The overall identification rate of this algorithm is 98.63% in different conditions. |
19,415 | Please write an abstract with title: Designing Wireless Powered Networks Assisted by Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces With Mechanical Tilt, and key words: Time division multiple access, Antennas, Optimization, Resource management, System performance, Radio frequency, Downlink. Abstract: In this letter, we propose a fairness-aware rate maximization scheme for a wireless powered communications network (WPCN) assisted by an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). The proposed scheme combines user scheduling based on time division multiple access (TDMA) and (mechanical) angular displacement of the IRS. Each energy harvesting user (EHU) has dedicated time slots with optimized durations for energy harvesting and information transmission whereas, the phase matrix of the IRS is adjusted to focus its beam to a particular EHU. The proposed scheme exploits the fundamental dependence of the IRS channel path-loss on the angle between the IRS and the node’s line-of-sight, which is often overlooked in the literature. Additionally, the network design can be optimized for large number of IRS unit cells, which is not the case with the computationally intensive state-of-the-art schemes. In fact, the EHUs can achieve significant rates at practical distances of several tens of meters to the base station (BS) only if the number of IRS unit cells is at least a few thousand. |
19,416 | Please write an abstract with title: Brain Tumor Detection on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Images Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and key words: Training, Head, Magnetic resonance imaging, Transfer learning, Computer architecture, Brain modeling, Magnetic heads. Abstract: Brain cancer is one of the most malignant types of cancer. Several computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems have been created to help clinicians analyze MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) images and find brain tumors. In general, CAD systems use conventional methods to classify images, in which the results are very dependent on the quality of object segmentation in the image. Meanwhile, tumor objects have different shapes, colors, and sizes, so the difficulty level of segmentation is quite high. On the other hand, currently, deep learning algorithms have been developed which are generally able to provide high accuracy results. Therefore, in this study, a tumor detection method on brain MRI images based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is proposed. CNN method is one of the deep learning algorithms that combine the processes of segmentation, feature extraction, and classification into one. The system performs this task totally on its own through a training phase. However, the performance of the CNN method highly depends on the sufficient amount of training data, which usually can't be fulfilled in the case of medical data. Therefore, we proposed a CNN architecture developed from Inception V3in which the training process utilizes the transfer learning method to overcome the small amount of training set. The experimental result shows that the proposed model gives high performance on a small-size dataset with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of 84%, 91%, 76%, and 83%, respectively. Moreover, InceptionV3 gives high efficiency compared to the other non-lightweight network architecture, such as ResNet50V2, InceptionResNetV2, and VGG16. |
19,417 | Please write an abstract with title: First-Order Digital Analysis of Nondegenerate Josephson Paramps for MM Waves, and key words: Bandwidth, Junctions, Integrated circuit modeling, Inductance, Computational modeling, Varactors, Resistance. Abstract: Nondegenerate Josephson paramps using point contacts are analyzed. A practical varactor model is employed for a first-order digital analysis of a realizable amplifier for 50 GHz. Presence of relatively high series inductance and low (≃10Ω) normal state resistance limit the bandwidth to less than MHz, qualitatively agreeing with reported experimental results. |
19,418 | Please write an abstract with title: Generalized Method for Designing Nonisolated Safety Standard Compliant Onboard Chargers for Electric Vehicles, and key words: Industries, Industrial electronics, Power system measurements, Systematics, Costs, Density measurement, Transformers. Abstract: Galvanic isolation, characterized by the inclusion of a transformer as a conversion stage, is the most commonly used method to eliminate hazardous common-mode (CM) current in grid tied converters. However, this solution tends to harm system efficiency and power density, while increasing costs. This issue is of particular importance for electric vehicle, where the industry is devoting significant resources to improve vehicle power density, cost, and range. This paper proposes a general, systematic method to design nonisolated converters with near zero CM currents. Several options of connection structure are provided, and two converters are designed to elucidate the method. Simulations are performed to demonstrate the CM performance improvement delivered by the proposed solution. |
19,419 | Please write an abstract with title: A Combined Monitor-Dosimeter for Non-Ionizing Radiation, and key words: Radiation monitoring, Plastics, Metallization, Temperature distribution, Electronic packaging thermal management, Phosphors, Heating, Consumer electronics, Power engineering and energy, Trademarks. Abstract: The temperature-dependent light-scattering properties of cholesteric liquid crystals and the thermal fade characteristics of pre-irradiated thermoluminescence dosimetry tags are combined in a differential calorimeter configuration to provide measures of present, average and accumulated exposures to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. |
19,420 | Please write an abstract with title: Flow-based Fast Handover method for Mobile IPv6 network, and key words: Protocols, Proposals, Delay, Routing, TCPIP, Information technology, Mobile radio mobility management, Information security, Traffic control, Tunneling. Abstract: Mobile IPv6 provides comprehensive mobility management for the IPv6 protocol. It provides many benefits compared to Mobile IPv4, such as reroute optimization, protocol extensions and IP Security (IPSec). One problem still remains; the handover time is relatively long. This is a big problem at least in real-time connections. This paper presents a new method for faster handover in IPv6 networks, called Flow based Fast Handover for MIPv6 (FFHMIPv6), which uses the features of the IPv6 protocol and benefits from IPv6 traffic control. |
19,421 | Please write an abstract with title: A multilayer approach to control of a flexible arm, and key words: Nonhomogeneous media, Control systems, Arm, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Costs, Energy efficiency, Filters, Control system synthesis, Control design, Motion analysis. Abstract: The control of a flexible arm is the focus of this work. The dynamic model is obtained via an assumed mode method, and a singularly perturbed model of the system is then derived. The new feature of this model is that multiple boundary layers are considered, one for each assumed mode. A composite control strategy is then pursued. First a slow control is designed for the rigid system, then a number of fast controls (one for each layer) make the fast dynamics in the layers suitably damped. A case study is finally worked out and simulation results are presented. |
19,422 | Please write an abstract with title: Locality-Constrained Bilinear Network for Land Cover Classification Using Heterogeneous Images, and key words: Feature extraction, Encoding, Optical imaging, Optical sensors, Dictionaries, Synthetic aperture radar, Redundancy. Abstract: Optical and SAR modalities provide complementary information of land properties, which can lead to outstanding classification performance. Recently, factorized bilinear coding (FBC) as an extension of bilinear pooling in respect of coding-pooling perspective, which extracted compact bilinear fusion features with second-order interaction information in the form of sparse representation, brought the performance improvements on multimodal learning tasks. However, it lost locality attributes among similar samples to be encoded. In this letter, we propose a novel locality-constrained bilinear network (LC-BNet) for land cover classification with heterogeneous remote sensing (RS) images. Specifically, the locality-constrained bilinear coding (LC-BC) introduces locality information to generate compact and discriminative fusion features for land cover classification. Extensive experimental results show superior performances of our work on two broad coregistered optical and SAR datasets. |
19,423 | Please write an abstract with title: Data Augmentation for Automatic Identification of Spatiotemporal Dispersion Electrograms in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Using Machine Learning, and key words: Catheters, Dispersion, Sensitivity, Training, Machine learning, Spatiotemporal phenomena, Radio frequency. Abstract: Catheter ablation is increasingly used to treat atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. A recent breakthrough finding in AF ablation consists in identifying ablation sites based on their spatiotemporal dispersion (STD). STD stands for a delay of the cardiac activation observed in intracardiac electrograms (EGMs) across contiguous leads. In practice, interventional cardiologists localize STD sites visually using the PentaRay multipolar mapping catheter. This work aims at automatically characterizing STD by classifying EGM data into STD vs. non STD groups using machine learning (ML) techniques. A dataset of 23082 multichannel EGM recordings acquired by the PentaRay coming from 16 persistent AF patients is included in this study. A major problem hampering the classification performance lies in the highly imbalanced dataset ratio. We suggest to tackle data imbalance using adapted data augmentation techniques including 1) undersampling 2) oversampling 3) lead shift 4) time reversing and 5) time shift. These tools are designed to preserve the integrity of the cardiac data and are validated by a partner cardiologist. They provide enhancement in classification performance in terms of sensitivity, which increases from 50% to 80% while maintaining accuracy and AUC around 90% with oversampling. Bootstrapping is applied to check the variability of the trained classifiers.Clinical relevance-The machine learning techniques developed in this contribution are expected to aid cardiologists in performing patient-tailored catheter ablation procedures for treating persistent AF. |
19,424 | Please write an abstract with title: Segmentation and classification of benign and malignant breast tumors via texture characterization from ultrasound images, and key words: Support vector machines, Image segmentation, Histograms, Ultrasonic imaging, Breast tumors, Sensitivity, Malignant tumors. Abstract: The present paper deals with breast tumors classification from ultrasound images. The proposed procedure consists of four steps, namely preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. To improve the quality of ultrasound images, the preprocessing step consists of anisotropic filtering and histogram equalization that are performed on the original images. The segmentation is performed on the preprocessed images using the Level Set method that allows to extract the region of interest (ROI) and to reduce its size at the same time. Two feature extraction methods are used in this work namely, the local binary pattern (LBP) method and the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) method. The two methods (LBP and HOG) are techniques of textures analysis and allow to characterize the ROI. The extracted feature sets constitute the inputs for three classifiers namely, support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and decision trees (DT). In this work, the best results are obtained by the concatenation of the two feature vectors namely LBP and HOG associated to the SVM classifier. This allows to achieve an accuracy of 96%, a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 94%. |
19,425 | Please write an abstract with title: EM Scattering From a Simple Water Surface Composed of Two Time-Varying Sinusoidal Waves, and key words: Water, Sea surface, Surface waves, Electromagnetic scattering, Resonant frequency, Harmonic analysis, Method of moments. Abstract: Some novel phenomena, which cannot be well explained by the traditional Bragg scattering theory, have been observed through the electromagnetic (EM) scattering from a water surface composed of two sinusoidal waves. According to the traditional Bragg scattering theory, the scattering intensity from water surface is only proportional to the spectral density of the Bragg resonant waves. However, the scattering field numerically simulated by the method of moment (MoM) method reveals that the resonant scattering field would also be affected by the amplitude of the non-resonant wave. In some special cases, despite the existence of the Bragg resonant waves, the Bragg resonant scattering field disappears when the amplitude of the non-resonant water wave is equal to some specific values. From the numerical results, another noticeable phenomenon is found that the Doppler spectrum of the scattering field is distorted seriously due to the frequency leakage. When the water surface with finite length is illuminated by a plane EM wave, not only the resonance spectral peaks corresponding to the phase velocity of the water wave but also other harmonic peaks appear on the spectrum curve. However, if a Gaussian beam is used instead of the plane EM wave, the harmonic peaks can be effectively suppressed. To better understand the phenomena, the theoretical model of the scattering field from the simple water surface is derived in the framework of the first-order small slope approximation method. And the empirical formulas for selecting the Gaussian beam width and water surface length are also proposed. |
19,426 | Please write an abstract with title: Metric-Based Muscle Synergy Consistency for Upper Limb Motor Functions, and key words: Muscles, Stability criteria, Training, Extraterrestrial measurements, Electrodes, Task analysis, Resistance. Abstract: The hypothesis of muscle synergy has been dominantly accepted in research due to the evidence of being well investigated its existence in multiple disciplines, such as health science. Motor function assessment using muscle synergy provides a quantitative approach from the physiological features of muscles. Given the synergy coordinating multiple muscles in a natural motion, this article proposes a surface electromyography (sEMG)-driven metric to measure the consistency of the muscle synergy patterns of upper limb motor functions. The metric-based consistency algorithm primarily comprises three stages: 1) to construct nonnegative matrix factorization (NNMF)-based sEMG muscle synergy patterns; 2) to validate synergy similarities via cosine similarity; and 3) to conduct the patterns consistency between motion cycles checking via the Mahalanobis distance (MD). The proposed measure is employed to validate synergy consistency in upper limb motor function of isokinetic movement protocols involving ten subjects. The muscle synergy similarity has achieved averages of 88% and 97% for intersubject and intrasubject, respectively. The synergy consistency via MD is significantly positively correlated with the maximum joint torque fluctuation between motion cycles to indicate its efficiency. This quantitative measurement confirms that muscle synergy can be used to measure muscle motor function, paving the way for motion protocol assessment, such as stroke rehabilitation and exercise-induced muscle injury avoidance through monitoring the consistency of the linear combination of muscle activations during movement. |
19,427 | Please write an abstract with title: RMSCNN: A Random Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network for Marine Microbial Bacteriocins Identification, and key words: Microorganisms, Training, Databases, Deep learning, Convolutional neural networks, Amino acids, Peptides. Abstract: The abuse of traditional antibiotics has led to an increase in the resistance of bacteria and viruses. Similar to the function of antibacterial peptides, bacteriocins are more common as a kind of peptides produced by bacteria that have bactericidal or bacterial effects. More importantly, the marine environment is one of the most abundant resources for extracting marine microbial bacteriocins (MMBs). Identifying bacteriocins from marine microorganisms is a common goal for the development of new drugs. Effective use of MMBs will greatly alleviate the current antibiotic abuse problem. In this work, deep learning is used to identify meaningful MMBs. We propose a random multi-scale convolutional neural network method. In the scale setting, we set a random model to update the scale value randomly. The scale selection method can reduce the contingency caused by artificial setting under certain conditions, thereby making the method more extensive. The results show that the classification performance of the proposed method is better than the state-of-the-art classification methods. In addition, some potential MMBs are predicted, and some different sequence analyses are performed on these candidates. It is worth mentioning that after sequence analysis, the HNH endonucleases of different marine bacteria are considered as potential bacteriocins. |
19,428 | Please write an abstract with title: Metalized Polyimide Fibrous Film via Metal—Organic Decomposition Method for Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding, and key words: Performance evaluation, Silver, Heat treatment, Metallization, Electromagnetic interference, Polyimides, Bending. Abstract: With the development of highly integrated and miniaturized electronic devices, there is an urgent need for lightweight electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials for a new generation of intelligent electronic devices. The traditional metallization processes are highly polluting and costly, so it is necessary to investigate new metallization methods to fabricate lightweight EMI shielding materials. In this study, silver was deposited on flexible polyimide (PI) fiber film using the metal-organic decomposition (MOD) method for EMI shielding. The effects of the metallization process on EMI shielding and mechanical properties of PI films were systematically studied. The results show that the fibrous PI film metalized by the MOD method has excellent EMI shielding performance and mechanical properties, especially, since its EMI shielding performance can reach 65 dB after heat treatment. After several bending tests, it still maintains good EMI shielding performance. Therefore, we believe that the lightweight electromagnetic shielding material prepared by this method has significant potential for the development of intelligent electronic devices. |
19,429 | Please write an abstract with title: Discretization algorithm based on difference-similitude set theory, and key words: Set theory, Information systems, Clustering algorithms, Decision support systems, Algorithm design and analysis, Internet, Database systems, Machine learning, Cybernetics. Abstract: A new discretization algorithm based on difference-similitude set theory (DSST) is presented. It is different from the known algorithms because the reduction in the information system is prior to the data discretization. Our algorithm discretizes the attribute values by analyzing difference sets of the newly-built decision table. The discretization is separated into three steps. The first step is to reduce the information system without any discretization. The second step is to rebuild a new decision table according to the reduction result obtained in the first step. The third step is to discretize the attribute values by analyzing the difference sets of the newly-built decision table. We applied our algorithm in UCI databases and compare our method with other algorithms at the end of the paper. The experiments show that it is an effective algorithm. |
19,430 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast lossless color image compressing method using neural network, and key words: Color, Image coding, Neural networks, Image storage, Predictive models, Propagation losses, Image communication, Real time systems, Multimedia systems, Compression algorithms. Abstract: The technique of lossless image compression plays an important role in image transmission and storage for high quality. At present, both the compression ratio and processing speed should be considered in a real-time multimedia system. A novel lossless compression algorithm is researched. A low complexity predictive model is proposed using the correlation of pixels and color components. In the meantime, perception in neural network is used to rectify the prediction values adaptively. It makes the prediction residuals smaller and in a small dynamic scope. Also, a color space transform is used and good decorrelation is obtained in our algorithm. Compared to the new standard JPFG-LS, this predictive model reduces its computational complexity. The compared experimental results have shown that our algorithm has noticeable better performance than the traditional algorithms. Moreover, its speed is faster than the JPEG-LS with negligible performance sacrifice. |
19,431 | Please write an abstract with title: Rate Allocation in Massive Multiple Access Combining Successive Decoding with Error Control, and key words: Interference cancellation, Silicon carbide, Spectral efficiency, Optimal control, Telecommunication traffic, Receivers, Pareto optimization. Abstract: The Gaussian multiple access channel under asymptotically many code-division-multiple-access users and successive interference cancellation (SIC) is investigated in this work. Users transmit n-symbol packets and select their encoding rate as a function of their perfectly known channel gains. We address a theoretical study whereby the performance of employed encoding schemes is described by achievable second-order coding rates at blocklength n. Our contribution is twofold. Firstly, we formulate and solve an optimal control problem to maximize the asymptotic user-aggregate spectral efficiency (SE) for a one-iteration SIC. Secondly, we analyze the user-limit behavior of two-iteration SIC and propose a complexity-affordable vector optimization to maximize the user-aggregate SE. Reported results quantify the benefit of adopting a two-iteration SIC versus the blocklength. |
19,432 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of A Novel Ultra-Wideband Textile-Based Metamaterial Absorber for mm-wave Band Applications, and key words: Geometry, Smart textiles, Absorption, Bandwidth, Bending, Fabrics, Metamaterials. Abstract: This work proposes an ultra-wideband Metamaterial (MM) absorber for smart electronic textile (e-textile) applications. The design is based on a novel cell geometry composed of two combined letter patches (A&S) printed on a grounded textile substrate. This unit cell geometry is specifically developed and optimized for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications. In this study, different types of textiles are considered, namely, Felt, Denim, and Polyester, and the achieved -10 dB reflective fractional bandwidths are about 50.36%, 44.49%, and 41.42%, respectively. A comparison between conventional counterparts PCB-based dielectrics (FR-4 and Rogers RT-5880) and textile-based fabrics (Felt, Denim, and Polyester) indicates that the bandwidths exhibited by textile fabrics are significantly wider. This study also demonstrates that the bending of textile-based materials has an inverse effect on the -10 dB bandwidth, as the material's surface curvature increases. The current design is more compact, thin, and more efficient in terms of absorptivity in comparison to other reported absorbers and structures in the literature. The obtained results can be considered promising for the development of ultra-wideband e-textile-based applications such as energy harvesting, health monitoring, and camouflage systems. |
19,433 | Please write an abstract with title: How to guarantee factory communication with switched Ethernet: survey of its emerging technology, and key words: Production facilities, Communication switching, Ethernet networks, Bandwidth, Quality of service, Process control, Manufacturing automation, Automatic control, Communication system control, Protocols. Abstract: More and more switched Ethernet were used to support high bandwidth real-time communication in process control, factory automation and other real-time applications. This paper first presents a comprehensive analysis of the temporal characteristics of the technologies like full duplex, congestion control, priority handling, VLAN, Spanning tree protocol, RSVP et al used by a switched Ethernet. These technologies enforce the high bandwidth real-time quality of switched Ethernet. At the same time this paper gives introductions of (m,k)-firm that specified QoS (quality of service) of switched Ethernet. |
19,434 | Please write an abstract with title: Path planning for a maritime suface ship based on Deep Reinforcement Learning and weather data, and key words: Sea surface, Reinforcement learning, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Path planning, Reliability, Marine vehicles. Abstract: Information analysis related to a ship and its environment is required in order to make the appropriate decisions during naval missions. However, human capabilities are no longer sufficient to reliably and rapidly process the massive amount of heterogeneous data collected by a huge lot of different sensors. That is the reason why Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms as decision support could help operators to choose the appropriate decisions during naval missions.This article offers a decision support model able to assist operators in predicting the path of a Maritime Surface Ship (MSS) in a dynamic environment by Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). Path planning of MSS in a dynamic environment is still challenging. Ocean disturbances are difficult to model thinly but collisions must be avoided. Thus, we suggest considering weather data and simplified mobile and static obstacles. |
19,435 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Loss Function for Distance-to-collision Estimation, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Navigation, Estimation, Predictive models, Decoding, Collision avoidance. Abstract: Estimation of the drone’s distance-to-collision is the key to the indoor autonomous obstacle avoidance and navigation of monocular UAVs. At present, the distance-to-collision model mainly uses regression loss or ordinal regression for training Regression loss utilizes the continuity of distance, and ordinal regression loss utilizes the order of distance. To improve the prediction performance of the model, this paper proposes a multi-loss function trained deep learning model based on the linear combination of ordinal regression loss and regression loss. The regression loss can be obtained by adding a distance decoder after the ordinal regression estimation, without changing the original structure of the model. Finally, we test the model performance in public datasets and obtain good results. |
19,436 | Please write an abstract with title: Denoising jet engine gas path measurements using nonlinear filters, and key words: Noise reduction, Jet engines, Nonlinear filters, Fault detection, Time measurement, Performance evaluation, Gaussian noise, Degradation, Numerical simulation, Turbines. Abstract: Traditionally, linear filters have been used to smooth time series of gas path measurements before performing fault detection and isolation. However, linear filters can smooth out sharp trend shifts in the signal and are also not good at removing outliers. Since most fault detection and isolation algorithms are optimized for Gaussian noise, they can show performance degradation when outliers are present. In this study, numerical results with simulated data for engine deterioration and abrupt fault show that the nonlinear rational filter with median preprocessor are useful for gas turbine health monitoring applications resulting in noise reduction of 73%-96% while preserving signal features and removing outliers. |
19,437 | Please write an abstract with title: Capacitor Current Reduction of Double Three Phase PMSM Drive System by Real-time MPC, and key words: Industrial electronics, Capacitors, Switches, Aerospace electronics, Predictive models, Permanent magnet motors, Minimization. Abstract: This paper proposes a capacitor current reduction method using real-time model predictive control (MPC) for a double three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTPPMSM) drive system. Capacitor current reduction for volume minimization of DTP-PMSM drive system is important issue. Optimizing switching timings by MPC is promising approach. However, it is difficult to implement ideal MPC in a real system because it requires a huge amount of calculation to predict the capacitor current. In this paper, we propose a new method that is possible to search optimal switching timing for reducing the capacitor current by using the MPC, whose calculation amount can be implemented in real-time. This paper shows the possibility of realizing an capacitor current reduction method with high control performance by reducing the amount of computation for MPC. |
19,438 | Please write an abstract with title: The Great Animal Orchestra: The sounds of the natural world are krause’s canvas, and key words: Animals, Museums, Recording, Floors. Abstract: Visitors to the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts, lie back on low-slung couches and sprawl on the deep pile carpet. The theatrical space they are in is slightly larger than a volleyball court. A screen surrounds the audience on three sides, a 2-m-wide reflecting pool below it. The walls, ceilings, and floor are acoustically treated, and no outside sound or light enters the space. The visitors sit in quiet darkness. They are here for Soundscape Ecologist and Sound Artist Dr. Bernie Krause’s <i>Great Animal Orchestra</i>, an exhibit conceived by the Fondation Cartier pour l’art contemporain based on Krause’s years of work recording in the field and his 2012 book of the same name. |
19,439 | Please write an abstract with title: Construction of Devices in Bioartificial Liver Support System, and key words: Liver, Automatic control, Control systems, Valves, Hardware, Industrial control, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen, Weight control, Integral equations. Abstract: An automatic control device in bioartificial liver support system is designed and implemented. Details of the hardware structure, design of the control system and the applied software in the device are described. Main controller uses the WS-843AW industrial control computer; precision electromagnetic valves are selected as implements to control the flux of three-gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen). The interconnected rule of controlled parameters in the system is analysed, and then matched by the mass balance equation. By a series of logic judgements of signals from sensors and direct digital calculations (DDC), a simple proportional plus integral (PI) controller can firstly manipulate the operations of electromagnetic valves, and then the on-line and off-line predictive control algorithm is used in accordance with practical experience to meet the requirements of the parameters in the culture and metabolism of hepatocytes. Software based on Visual C++ is implemented. All these serve to ensure high operational reliability, expansibility and better maneuverability of the whole system. Experiments show that this method can achieve sound performances in practice although there exist very strong coupling, dead-delay and lots of non-linear factors in the bioreactor. The controlling range is: dissolved oxygen 0-200plusmn5%; pH 6-8plusmn0.05pH; temperature 20-45plusmn0.1degC. The device can work in a steady state, and the control precision is high. It can meet the needs in the bioartificial liver support system, and hopefully improve clinical therapeutic effect |
19,440 | Please write an abstract with title: Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response Engine for Deployment of Behavioural Honeypots, and key words: Automation, Botnet, Organizations, Denial-of-service attack, Malware, Behavioral sciences, Security. Abstract: Cyber Security is a critical topic for organizations with IT/ OT networks as they are always susceptible to attack, whether insider or outsider. Since the cyber landscape is an ever-evolving scenario, one must keep upgrading its security systems to enhance the security of the infrastructure. Tools like Security Information and Event Management (SIEM), Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR), Threat Intelligence Platform (TIP), Information Technology Service Management (ITSM), along with other defensive techniques like Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Intrusion Protection System (IPS), and many others enhance the cyber security posture of the infrastructure. However, the proposed protection mechanisms have their limitations, they are insufficient to ensure security, and the attacker penetrates the network. Deception technology, along with Honeypots, provides a false sense of vulnerability in the target systems to the attackers. The attacker deceived reveals threat intel about their modus operandi. We have developed a Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) Engine that dynamically deploys custom honeypots inside the internal network infrastructure based on the attacker's behavior. The architecture is robust enough to support multiple VLANs connected to the system and used for orchestration. The presence of botnet traffic and DDoS attacks on the honeypots in the network is detected, along with a malware collection system. After being exposed to live traffic for four days, our engine dynamically orchestrated the honeypots 40 times, detected 7823 attacks, 965 DDoS attack packets, and three malicious samples. While our experiments with static honeypots show an average attacker engagement time of 102 seconds per instance, our SOAR Engine-based dynamic honeypots engage attackers on average 3148 seconds. |
19,441 | Please write an abstract with title: Coreactant-change based Strategy towards Selective Electrochemiluminescent Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Media, and key words: Electrodes, Indium tin oxide, Biomedical engineering, Media, Hydrocarbons, Thermodynamics, Fluorescence. Abstract: In this work a new strategy for selective heterogeneous electrochemiluminescent detection of representative members of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), namely rubrene and 9,10-diphenylanthracene is introduced. This strategy is based on a suitable selection of a co-reactant in order to meet the thermodynamic requirements necessary for emission of electrochemiluminescence by abovementioned analytes, which are immobilized on the electrode. Further rational choose of coreactant (i.e., benzoyl peroxide, persulfate, tripropylamine, tetraphenylborate) could lead to selective quantification of target PAH among many other PAHs in detection mixture. The method can be useful for distinguishing PAHs in environmental monitoring and clinical assays assuming different level of their cancerogenity. |
19,442 | Please write an abstract with title: Lithographically scribed, focusing, planar holographic Bragg reflector with 17-GHz-passband and 0.3 cm/sup 2/ footprint, and key words: Holography, Optical waveguides, Slabs, Holographic optical components, Optical filters, Diffraction, Optical devices, Optical interferometry, Optical variables control, Optical recording. Abstract: A focusing holographic Bragg reflector in a slab waveguide is demonstrated to provide 17 GHz, essentially Fourier-transform-limited, spectral resolution and nearly diffraction-limited, spatial-beam mapping in a device footprint of only 0.3 cm/sup 2/. |
19,443 | Please write an abstract with title: SatNEx - the European satellite communications network of excellence, and key words: Satellite communication, Satellite broadcasting, Europe, Mobile communication, Artificial satellites, Communication industry, Instruments, Industrial training, Collaboration, Design engineering. Abstract: Summary form only given. This paper outlines the primary goal of SatNEx which is to achieve long-lasting integration of the European research in satellite communications and to develop a common base of knowledge. Networks of excellence have been introduced as a new instrument within the 6/sup th/ IST framework program, and SatNEx is one of the first consortia to implement the new ideas and to overcome the fragmentation of European research. Through co-operation of outstanding universities and research organizations with excellent expertise in satellite communications, SatNEx will build a European virtual centre of excellence in satellite communications and contribute to the realization of the European Research Area (ERA) SatNEx will include an advisory board incorporating representatives of the European space industry, satellite service providers, and standardization and regulation organizations. SatNEx will collaborate with these players and put together a critical mass of resources and expertise needed for making Europe a world force in the field of satellite communications. |
19,444 | Please write an abstract with title: An Adaptive Method for the Stochastic Orienteering Problem, and key words: Random variables, Optimization, Markov processes, Navigation, Motion planning, Optimal control, Path planning. Abstract: We consider the NP-hard Stochastic Orienteering Problem, where the goal is to navigate between start and end vertices in a graph, maximizing the sum of rewards for visited vertices while obeying a travel budget over edges with stochastic cost within a given probability of failure. Previously, we solved this by finding an initial path using a deterministic orienteering solver and transformed it into a path policy using a Constrained Markov Decision Process that can skip vertices based on arrival time. In this work we augment our technique, creating a path tree which branches at vertex-time states with high probability of being skipped, allowing for new sequences of vertices in the resulting policy. We demonstrate that this adaptive path method collects significantly more reward in expectation, even when the number of branches is limited to control computation time. |
19,445 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring Thermal Interaction for Visual Art Color Appreciation for the Visually Impaired People, and key words: Performance evaluation, Heating systems, Visualization, Electric potential, Art, Color, Blindness. Abstract: Visually impaired people can take much advantage of multimodal systems in which visual information is communicated by several modes whose combined strengths make up for the lack of vision. Among possible interaction modes, thermal interaction applied to assistive devices for the blind is a field which lacks research in spite of its potential. In this paper, a novel temperature-color cross-modal algorithm is designed and applied to the context of tactile artwork exploration by the visually impaired people. Initial interviews and tests were performed after developing a relief model of an artwork and a heating device. The goal is to assess the potential for the cross-modal algorithm and of thermal interaction for blind people in tactile art appreciation. |
19,446 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic routing of reliability-differentiated connections in WDM optical networks, and key words: Routing, Intelligent networks, Wavelength division multiplexing, WDM networks, Optical fiber networks, Protection, Fault tolerance, Computer network reliability, Mesh networks, Resource management. Abstract: Protection schemes for WDM mesh networks are typically based on the single-failure scenario. However, the single-failure model is not realistic since the failure of network components is probabilistic. On the other hand, different applications or end users need different levels of fault tolerance. In this work, we assume a probabilistic failure environment and choose the connection reliability as a parameter to denote the level of fault tolerance. We propose a partial segment-based protection approach to accommodate lightpath requests according to their differentiated reliability requirements. We also consider incorporating backup sharing in such an environment. We conduct extensive simulation experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Simulation results show that establishing connections according to their differentiated reliability requirements can effectively improve network blocking performance and the proposed partial segment-based protection scheme outperforms the partial path-based protection scheme proposed in the literature in terms of connection blocking probability. |
19,447 | Please write an abstract with title: Analytical and numerical simulation of artificial magnetic media realized by LTCC technology, and key words: Magnetic analysis, Numerical simulation, Nonhomogeneous media, Optical ring resonators, Lattices, Finite element methods, Slabs, Resonant frequency, Dielectrics, Impedance. Abstract: Artificial magnetic medium (AM) was realized by using periodic media with split ring resonators (SRR) as basic element of elementary unit cell of a lattice. This paper deals with SRR placed on the top of each other. Commercial electromagnetic simulator Agilent HFSS 5.6 based on finite element method (FEM) was used for simulation of AM slab. The SRR was designed with the following conditions: the resonant frequency of a pair of SRRs must be near to 10 GHZ. Distance between SRR in the z direction is 2t. Designed SRR has w=0.2mm, g=0.2mm, a=1.2mm, b=c=2.4mm. The box was filled by the dielectric media and the ports were loaded on impedance for matching the structure. Results of analytical and numerical simulation are presented. Simple analytical model of AM media based on ABCD matrix approach was demonstrated. Equivalent circuit model can be used for optimisation of AM media. |
19,448 | Please write an abstract with title: A Model of the Coupling Between Posts in Waveguides Using Equivalent Transmission Lines, and key words: Transmission lines, Transmission line theory, Reflection, Current density, Coupling circuits, Equivalent circuits, Integrated circuit interconnections, Transformers, Geometry, Rectangular waveguides. Abstract: In this paper we show that the model for the coupling between posts in waveguides orignally proposed by Joshi and Cornick, has an equivalent version that uses transmission lines for each mode pair. With this model, the problem is solved based on traveling waves and may be useful for the solution of problems with multiple posts without the necessity of having to obtain a Green's function that would include all boundaries. We also show that we may reduce by one half the number of terms of the expansion of the current density induced in the post, as suggested by Eisenhart and Khan. |
19,449 | Please write an abstract with title: A Flow-Limited Rate Control Scheme for the Master–Slave Hydraulic Manipulator, and key words: Hydraulic systems, Manipulator dynamics, Valves, Master-slave, Trajectory, Kinematics, Planning. Abstract: Rate control is the most used operation method for master–slave hydraulic manipulators. However, the trajectory from the master controlled by the operator cannot completely meet the dynamic limitations and flow restriction of the hydraulic manipulator. Continuous large errors and oscillation will occur due to flow restrictions and high-order dynamics beyond the dynamic boundaries that significantly limits the velocity tracking performance of a hydraulic manipulator. In this article, we propose a flow-limited rate control scheme for the master–slave hydraulic manipulators. The variable velocity mapping is developed, adjusting the velocities to meet the pump and valves’ flow limits. An adaptive robust rate controller of hydraulic manipulators is designed. An adaptive boundary estimator is introduced to estimate the hydraulic manipulator acceleration boundaries, and a variable structure controller is used to plan the velocities to meet dynamic limits. The proposed control scheme is tested on a hydraulic manipulator. The results show that the control scheme reduced velocity error and avoid the manipulator vibration, so the performance is improved for the hydraulic manipulator. |
19,450 | Please write an abstract with title: An Experimental Study of the Stress Wave Propagation in Heterogeneous Solids, and key words: Solid modeling, Analytical models, Absorption, Conferences, Solids, Reliability engineering, Attenuation. Abstract: Heterogeneous solids, also known as cellular materials, have significant advantages for impacting energy absorption and blasting effect attenuation. This study focuses on analysing the stress wave propagation in the heterogeneous solids using a novel meso-scale model through an experimental analysis. Six different specimens were designed and manufactured for this experiment and suitable apparatuses were selected and assembled to satisfy the test requirements to maximise the accuracy and reliability. The experiment provided a clear understanding of the wave propagation characteristics, and it was found that when the structure of transmission medium increases in complexity and the input frequency of stress waves becomes higher, the negative effects on the output will become more significant. |
19,451 | Please write an abstract with title: For sale, and key words: IEEE Student Members, Companies, Lightning, Urban areas, Testing, Telegraphy, Tariffs. Abstract: A Foundation Member of the Institute has a complete set of the Transactions for sale, the first fifteen volumes of which are bound in half-calf. Condition as new What offers? |
19,452 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatial-Temporal Graph-Based Transformer Model for Traffic Flow Forecasting, and key words: Measurement, Correlation, Predictive models, Transformer cores, Traffic control, Transformers, Real-time systems. Abstract: Realtime traffic flow forecasting is a core issue of intelligent traffic control and management. To make accurate traffic flow forecasting, it is necessary to take into account both the temporal and spatial characteristics of traffic flow in the flow forecasting methods. In this paper, we build a spatial temporal graph-based transformer model (STGT) for traffic flow forecasting. In the proposed model, we introduce the distance correction matrix, step correction matrix and attention mechanism to improve the traditional graph convolutional networks (GCN). The improved GCN is used to extract the spatial information. We further introduce the Transformer model to exploit the temporal information, so as to improve the accuracy of forecasting results. The proposed STG T model is tested using the real-world dataset from the Caltrans Performance Measurement System (PeMS). In the comparison experiment, the accuracy of STGT on MAE and RMSE reached 22.08 and 33.44 respectively, which is better than all selected baseline models. |
19,453 | Please write an abstract with title: Fake Video Detection With Certainty-Based Attention Network, and key words: Uncertainty, Conferences, Refining, Feature extraction, Videos, Information integrity. Abstract: DeepFake synthesizes realistic fake videos that could be used maliciously such as manipulation and harassment. In order to prevent such malicious usages, detecting fake videos is immediately needed. In this paper, we propose a novel fake video detection method by adopting predictive uncertainty in detection. We devise the certainty-based attention network which guides to focus certainty-key frames in detecting fake videos. In addition, certainty-based attention is proposed for refining the features with consideration for frame-level certainty. Experiments are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing the existing methods on Celeb-DF, the latest DeepFake dataset. |
19,454 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of symbolic computer algebra in high-level data-flow synthesis, and key words: Application software, Computer applications, Algebra, Integrated circuit synthesis, Arithmetic, Libraries, Application specific integrated circuits, High level synthesis, Design optimization, Delay. Abstract: The growing market of multimedia applications has required the development of complex application-specified integrated circuits with significant data-path portions. Unfortunately, most high-level synthesis tools and methods cannot automatically synthesize data paths such that complex arithmetic library blocks are intelligently used. Namely, most arithmetic-level optimizations are not supported and they are left to the designer's ingenuity. In this paper, we show how symbolic algebra can be used to construct arithmetic-level decomposition algorithms. We introduce our tool, SymSyn, that optimizes and maps data flow descriptions into data paths using complex arithmetic components. SymSyn uses two new algorithms to find either minimal component mapping or minimal critical path delay (CPD) mapping of the data flow. In this paper, we give an overview of the proposed algorithms. We also show how symbolic manipulations such as tree-height-reduction, factorization, expansion, and Horner transformation are incorporated in the preprocessing step. Such manipulations are used as guidelines in initial library element selection to accelerate the proposed algorithms. Furthermore, we demonstrate how substitution can be used for multiexpression component sharing and CPD optimization. |
19,455 | Please write an abstract with title: Electron density measurements in magnetized complex plasmas, and key words: Plasma measurements, Electrons, Density measurement, Plasma density, Magnetic resonance, Plasma waves, Plasma diagnostics, Probes, Magnetic field measurement, Legged locomotion. Abstract: This contribution introduces a new experiment for the investigation of magnetized complex plasmas. Its basic features are discussed and first experiments on free-falling dust particles are presented. By means of Langmuir probes and the resonance cone technique, the influence of dust particles on the free electron density is studied. With both methods, significant electron density reductions are observed. |
19,456 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Detection and Recognition of Object to Help Visually Impaired People while Visiting Liberation War Museum in Bangladesh, and key words: Visualization, Machine learning algorithms, Image recognition, Support vector machine classification, Blindness, Speech recognition, Object detection. Abstract: This paper represents an analysis of object detection by multi-image classification and machine learning techniques for blind people. Our system has been developed based on Speech Recognition that helps blind people to know the information about the different components in the liberation war museum in Bangladesh. From the initial survey it concerned that most of the blind people are excited to know what is inside in the liberation war museum, but there is no automated system in the museum to recognize the object as an explanation for them. For this thoughtfulness, we built a model for visual imperial people that will detect automatically and that provide an explanation about the object by speech recognition technique. For the whole process, we used Different Machine Learning(ML) tools like Scikit-learn, Pandas, Matploatlib, Numpy, TensorFlow. For preprocessing images TensorFlow, for machine learning we have used Scikit-learn. For measuring the accuracy of our work we used five different Machine Learning(ML) algorithms K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN), Support Vector Machine(SVM), Decision Tree Classifier, Random Forest, Naive Bayes and most popular image processing algorithm Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) to find out which algorithm gave the highest accuracy. Finally, we detect museum spectacles by this algorithm which produced the highest accuracy. |
19,457 | Please write an abstract with title: AIGO: A comprehensive platform for cultivating AI talent using real-world industrial problems, and key words: Artificial intelligence, Companies, Training, Proposals, Information industry, Feedback loop. Abstract: This paper introduces a platform, AIGO, aiming to cultivate AI talents, and enabling them to solve real-world industrial problems. The platform is composed of three blocks: (1) Competition: Designed for training AI practitioners by holding competitions to solve real-world problems. (2) Learning: Offering courses in a diverse range of theory and practical techniques of AI and complementing the insufficient abilities of AI practitioners. (3) Community: Offering both online and offline connection towards all the participants of the platform and providing a larger scale and population to join both Competition and Learning. So far we have seen positive feedback on both problems number and the number of competition participants. The number of problems we have collected increased from 50 (first competition) to 100 (third competition), and the number of competition participants increased from 138 (first competition) to 320 (second competition). |
19,458 | Please write an abstract with title: Sparse BSS From Poisson Measurements, and key words: Approximation algorithms, Extraterrestrial measurements, Additives, Noise measurement, Robustness, Mixture models, Blind source separation. Abstract: The problem of sparse Blind Source Separation (BSS) has been extensively studied when the noise is additive and Gaussian. This is however not the case when the measurements follow Poisson or shot noise statistics, which is customary with counting-based measurements. To that purpose, we introduce a novel sparse BSS algorithm coined pGMCA (poisson-Generalized Morphological Component Analysis) that specifically tackles the blind separation of sparse sources from measurements following Poisson statistics. The proposed algorithm builds upon Nesterov's smoothing technique to define a smooth approximation of sparse BSS, with a data fidelity term derived from the Poisson likelihood. This allows to design a block coordinate descent-based minimization procedure with a simple choice of the regularization parameter. Numerical experiments have been carried out that illustrate the robustness of the proposed method with respect to Poisson noise. The pGMCA algorithm has been further evaluated in a realistic astrophysical X-ray imaging setting. |
19,459 | Please write an abstract with title: Phrase Structures and Message Frames for Generation of Cognitive messages, and key words: Linguistics, Vocabulary, Knowledge based systems, Cognition, Artificial neural networks, Psychology, Decision making. Abstract: This paper proposes a methodology to generate a variety of unique personalized cognitively charged messages intended to improve the rate of resonation between the message and its audience for communication campaigns in any given discourse. It presents an end-to-end methodology for incorporating cognitive elements in messages, structuring them, parsing them, transforming them into word embeddings and using custom message frames to generate cognitively charged messages. The use of a plethora of psychological principles related to compliance (principles of persuasion) and quick decision making (heuristics) have been employed in the design for this purpose. Additionally, this method ensures uniqueness and diversity in the messages generated. |
19,460 | Please write an abstract with title: Transmission Dynamics and Optimal Control Strategy to Mitigate the Spread of Novel Coronavirus: The Case of Iran, and key words: COVID-19, Analytical models, Biological system modeling, Fitting, Mathematical analysis, Optimal control, Vaccines. Abstract: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is currently considered a great challenge to the health of human society. In this study, since the COVID-19 vaccines are currently being developed, a vaccine allocation as an effective pharmaceutical strategy to immunize people against disease is being considered. To this end, a new extended SIR-type model including vaccination compartment and reinfection transmission to predict disease behavior in Iran has been formulated. The mathematical analysis of the model is investigated to verify that the proposed model is well-posed epidemiologically. The biological parameters are evaluated via a nonlinear least-square fitting approach. Finally, to investigate the impact of preventive pharmaceutical measures on flattening the curve of the COVID-19 incidence in Iran, the optimal control strategy is applied. The results of numerical simulations and the optimal control analysis illustrate that the combined implementation of time-dependent measures has a drastic impact on disease burden reduction. |
19,461 | Please write an abstract with title: Design equations for sub-optimum operation of class-E amplifier with nonlinear shunt capacitance, and key words: Nonlinear equations, Operational amplifiers, Switches, Voltage, MOSFET circuits, Parasitic capacitance, RLC circuits, Power amplifiers, Power generation, Inductors. Abstract: Design equations for satisfying sub-optimum operating conditions of class E amplifier with a nonlinear shunt capacitance with a grading coefficient of 0.5 at the duty cycle D = 0.5 are derived. By exploiting sub-optimum class E operation, various amplifier parameters such as input voltage, operating frequency, output power, and load resistance can be set as design specifications. An example of a design procedure of the class E amplifier is given. The theoretical results were verified with PSpice simulation. |
19,462 | Please write an abstract with title: Addressing static and dynamic errors in bandpass unit element multibit DAC's, and key words: Tin, Multi-stage noise shaping, Shape, Logic, Continuous time systems, Performance analysis. Abstract: This paper describes a general model for static as well as dynamic errors in multibit unit element DAC's. Apart from the static mismatch there are two error terms arising from switching imperfections. Based on the model, some bandpass mismatch shaping techniques are presented. These address both the static mismatch as well as the switching imperfections. The technique can significantly improve the in band noise. |
19,463 | Please write an abstract with title: Fully Distributed Robust Reserve Scheduling for Coupled Transmission and Distribution Systems, and key words: Uncertainty, Generators, Convex functions, Convergence, Adaptation models, Distribution networks, Optimization. Abstract: To realize the potential of active distribution networks (ADNs) for improving power system flexibility and to cope with multiple uncertainties, a coordinated robust reserve scheduling (CRRS) model for the coupled transmission and distribution networks (CTD) is proposed in this paper. This model coordinates the generation resources both in the normal state and re-dispatch state to enhance the cost-effectiveness and reliability in a system perspective. A fully distributed framework based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is employed to solve this problem in a decentralized way. As the regional problem of the transmission system is non-convex, a two-layer iterative process (TIP) is presented to enhance the convergence property of standard ADMM. Since only the boundary information needs to be exchanged between the transmission and distribution systems, the communication burden is light and regional information is encrypted. Case studies on the T6D2 and T118D10 systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and approach. |
19,464 | Please write an abstract with title: Shader-Like Computations in WebGL for Advanced Graphics and General Purposes, and key words: Pipelines, Isosurfaces, Context modeling, Python, Image color analysis, Graphics processing units, Software packages. Abstract: The feedWebGL2 software package enables parallel computations using a feature of HTML5/WebGL2 called Transform/Feedback. The Transform/Feedback mechanism can be used within Jupyter widgets or in other web components and applications for a special class of parallel computations called shader-like calculations, which can solve many problems well, but are unsuitable for some classes of parallel algorithms. This article describes the characteristics of shader-like calculations and how they can be created using the feedWebGL2 software package. The example programs use shader-like calculations for special purpose graphical stages in combination with standard WebGL graphics pipelines, and also use them for general purposes, such as matrix computations. |
19,465 | Please write an abstract with title: Corrections to “Spatiotemporal Recurrent Convolutional Networks for Recognizing Spontaneous Micro-Expressions”, and key words: Spatiotemporal phenomena, Convolution, Microelectronics, Machine vision, Signal analysis. Abstract: Presents corrections to the author's information in the above named paper. |
19,466 | Please write an abstract with title: Development and applications of line arresters in China, and key words: Arresters, Polymers, Power transmission lines, Voltage control, Poles and towers, Lightning protection, Cable insulation, Flashover, Circuit faults, Transmission line measurements. Abstract: This paper summarized our surveys on the development and applications of metal oxide line arresters in China. The typical structures and main technical performances of those line arresters used in China are described. Computer analyses for specific key technical problems are carried out for those line arresters. |
19,467 | Please write an abstract with title: A Ku-band InP-based RTD MMIC VCO with very low DC power consumption, and key words: MMICs, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Energy consumption, Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Tuning, Phase noise, Circuits, Frequency, Capacitance, Voltage. Abstract: A Ku-band RTD-based VCO has been demonstrated using an InP-based RTD/HBT MMIC technology for the first time. The VCO showed the extremely low DC power consumption of 0.71 mW with good phase noise characteristics. |
19,468 | Please write an abstract with title: A Prospective Study of Smart Grid in Modern Distribution Power Systems, and key words: Productivity, Technological innovation, Renewable energy sources, Substations, Virtual power plants, Smart meters, Smart grids. Abstract: Smart Grid is the most recent studied precinct in the field of modern power systems. Smart grid innovation includes but is not limited to smart meters, smart substations, distribution equipment, and smart generation. It utilizes the most recent information and communication technologies considering the IEC61850 standard. It relates to current world data modernization and integrates digitization. Additionally, the smart grid has an inherent self-healing feature and consists of modernized infrastructure which ensures paramount safety in power delivery. This paper presents the noteworthiness of smart grid networks and its principal significance has also been examined. Power systems administrators must work their system with a high level of productivity and dependability. The Smart Grid idea has been acquainted with feature elective, innovated innovations that may convey noteworthy advantages of Transmission Distribution systems. The paper outlines smart grid advances inside this segment as far as innovation availability is better than various technologies which are relied upon to be sent sooner. The paper also abridges the drivers behind the improvement of a smart grid by presenting certain innovations with viable applications and advantages. |
19,469 | Please write an abstract with title: Tracking Control for Robot Manipulator Based on Deterministic Learning and Event-Triggered Mechanism, and key words: Manipulator dynamics, Artificial neural networks, Adaptive systems, Closed loop systems, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: In this paper, a control scheme is presented for robotic manipulator by combining deterministic learning and event- triggered mechanism. Notice that the traditional adaptive neural control needs to re-adapt neural network (NN) weights even for performing the same control task, thereby result in the limited learning ability. To enhance the neural leaning ability, a dynamic learning controller is firstly constructed based on the radial basis function (RBF) NN, which has the ability to learn the knowledge of the unknown closed-loop system dynamics. By reusing the learned knowledge, the dynamic learning-based event-triggered control scheme is put forward to achieve a tradeoff between the network resource and the tracking performance. Specially, an easy-to-implemented event-triggered condition is designed by the Lyapunov technique due to the use of experience knowledge. The proposed scheme ensures that the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin, all the signals in the closed- loop system are bounded and meanwhile the communication resources are greatly reduced. A comparison simulation example is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed control scheme. |
19,470 | Please write an abstract with title: WBAN Channel Characteristics Between Capsule Endoscope and Receiving Directive UWB On-Body Antennas, and key words: Directive antennas, Endoscopes, Intestines, Receiving antennas, Ultra wideband antennas, Antenna radiation patterns. Abstract: This paper presents a study on the ultra wideband (UWB) radio channel characteristics between a capsule endoscope and a directive on-body antenna in different parts of the small intestine. The study is conducted using a finite integration technique (FIT) based electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suite and four of its anatomical voxel models. The capsule endoscope model is set inside different areas of the small intestine of the voxel models. A recently published directive on-body antenna designed for in-body communications is used in the evaluations. The obtained frequency and time domain channel characteristics are compared with previously published results with another directive on-body antenna designed for capsule endoscopy communications. Power flow presentations are used to understand differences obtained with two on-body antennas. Different rotation angles of the capsule are also considered in this study. It is found that channel characteristics vary remarkably depending on the antenna location in the small intestine and location of the on-body antenna. Thus, the on-body antennas should be located carefully to ensure coverage over the whole intestine area. Path loss does not only depend on the distance between a capsule and the on-body antenna but also on the tissues between the capsule and on-body antennas. Obviously, the antenna patterns have clear impact on the received signal's strength. Furthermore, orientation of the capsule affects also strongly impact when linearly polarized antennas are used. |
19,471 | Please write an abstract with title: Not All Features are Equal: Selection of Robust Features for Speech Emotion Recognition in Noisy Environments, and key words: Training, Emotion recognition, Speech recognition, Feature extraction, Robustness, Recording, Noise robustness. Abstract: Speech emotion recognition (SER) system deployed in real-world applications often encounters noisy speech. While most noise compensation techniques consider all acoustic features to have equal impact on the SER model, some acoustic features may be more sensitive to noisy conditions. This paper investigates the noise robustness of each feature in the acoustic feature set. We focus on low-level descriptors (LLDs) commonly used in SER systems. We firstly train SER models with clean speech by only using a single LLD. Then, we rank each LLD with respect to the absolute performance on a development set contaminated with noise, and the relative performance decrease from the results from the models trained with the clean set. Our experiment shows that using all the LLDs leads to worse performance than training the system with a single robust LLD. We propose to select a group of robust features according to their performance and robustness in noisy condition. Without using any compensation method, our feature selection methods improve the performance by 24.4% (arousal), 23.9% (dominance), and 43.2% (valence) in the 10dB noisy condition. Moreover, even though the selection is conducted with the 10dB condition, our selection methods also yield performance improvements in unseen noisy recording conditions. |
19,472 | Please write an abstract with title: Customising parallelism and caching for machine learning, and key words: Machine learning, Logic programming, Parallel processing, Bonding, Testing, Computer architecture, Educational institutions, Metalworking machines, Machine learning algorithms, Logic devices. Abstract: Inductive logic programming is an attractive and expressive paradigm for machine learning. A drawback of inductive logic programs is their demanding computational requirements. We present of FPGA-based multi-processor architecture aimed at fast execution of such programs. The architecture exploits both coarse-grained parallelism at the query level, and fine-grained parallelism in the unification algorithm. Instructions are not required, and the components are customised for a hypothesis space referring only to ground unit clauses in the background knowledge. It also benefits from a distributed memory hierarchy, with a method for including background knowledge to eliminate instructions. The effectiveness of this architecture is demonstrated using a large organic chemistry data set. The proposed architecture is faster and smaller than our previous design based on multiple instruction processors. A single customised processor at 38 MHz can run 9 times faster than a Pentium 4 processor at 1.8GHz; a Xilinx XCV2000E device can accommodate 24 processors running in parallel. |
19,473 | Please write an abstract with title: C37.234-2021 - IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Power System Buses - Redline, and key words: IEEE Standards, Power system control, Circuit breakers, Power system reliability, Voltage control, Power transformers, Relays. Abstract: Principles of power bus protection are discussed. The availability and location of breakers, current sensing devices, and disconnect switches are addressed, as well as bus configurations and switching schemes and their impact on the selection and application of bus protection. Bus protection schemes are presented, and their characteristics, strengths, and limitations are examined. Bus protection applications are presented. |
19,474 | Please write an abstract with title: 5G Network and Haptic-Enabled Internet for Remote Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications: A Task-Technology Fit Perspective, and key words: 5G mobile communication, Real-time systems, User experience, Internet, Haptic interfaces, Quality of experience, Security. Abstract: Haptic communications and 5G networks in conjunction with AI and robotics will augment the human user experience by enabling real-time task performance via the control of objects remotely. This represents a paradigm shift from content delivery-based networks to task-oriented networks for remote skill set delivery. The transmission of user skill sets in remote task performance marks the advent of a haptic-enabled Internet of Skills (IoS), through which the transmission of touch and actuation sensations will be possible. In this proposed research, a conceptual Task-Technology Fit (TTF) model of a haptic-enabled IoS is developed to link human users and haptic-enabled technologies to technology use and task performance between master (control) and remote (controlled) domains to provide a Quality of Experience (QoE) and Quality of Task (QoT) oriented perspective of a Haptic Internet. Future 5G-enabled applications promise the high availability, security, fast reaction speeds, and reliability characteristics required for the transmission of human user skills over large geographical distances. The 5G network and haptic-enabled IoS considered in this research will support a number of critical applications. One such novel scenario in which a TTF of a Haptic Internet can be modelled is the use case of remote-controlled Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This paper is a contribution towards the realization of a 5G network and haptic-enabled QoE-QoT-centric IoS for augmented user task performance. Future empirical results of this research will be useful to understanding the role that varying degrees of a fit between context-specific task and technology characteristics play in influencing the impact of haptic-enabled technology use for real-time immersive remote UAV (drone) control task performance. |
19,475 | Please write an abstract with title: Short-term Wind Power Prediction Method Based on TCN-GRU Combined Model, and key words: Training, Convolution, Time series analysis, Predictive models, Wind power generation, Wind farms, Feature extraction. Abstract: The target of carbon peak and carbon neutralization puts forward higher requirements for the accuracy of wind power prediction. In order to accurately predict the wind power timing, a short-term wind power prediction method based on the hybrid neural network model of temporal convolution network (TCN) and gate recurrent unit (GRU) was proposed. TCN was used to extract the sequential features of wind power time series and unidirectional space features, and GRU was used to further extract the sequential features of wind power series. The two models were trained together. The wind power timing series of a single fan and a single wind farm were collected respectively. After the pre-processing, the corresponding data sets were constructed for modeling respectively to verify the reliability of the proposed method. The results show that compared with the traditional model, this method has lower sensitivity to the time window, higher accuracy, and has certain engineering application value. |
19,476 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy Approximation-Based Task-Space Control of Robot Manipulators With Remote Center of Motion Constraint, and key words: Robots, Task analysis, Minimally invasive surgery, Kinematics, Force, Jacobian matrices, End effectors. Abstract: The presence of unknown physical interaction between the patients’ body and surgical tool in laparoscopic surgery requires a secure end-effector positioning while assuring a reliable constraint motion. In this work, a task-space control approach based on fuzzy approximation is proposed for a teleoperated surgery scenario utilizing a serial redundant robot manipulator (7 degrees of freedom), the motions of which are constrained with respect to a point known as remote center of motion (RCM). The dynamical uncertainties due to the physical interaction are considered and estimated to maintain operational accuracy by introducing the decoupled adaptive fuzzy approximation technique. Experiments verify the presented approach’s effectiveness. Results indicate that with the proposed control method, the accuracy of the surgical operation is improved while the safety can be ensured for teleoperated surgery with RCM constraint. |
19,477 | Please write an abstract with title: Graph Neural Network Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand Systems, and key words: Training, System dynamics, Network topology, Robot kinematics, Urban areas, Transportation, Reinforcement learning. Abstract: Autonomous mobility-on-demand (AMoD) systems represent a rapidly developing mode of transportation wherein travel requests are dynamically handled by a coordinated fleet of robotic, self-driving vehicles. Given a graph representation of the transportation network - one where, for example, nodes represent areas of the city, and edges the connectivity between them - we argue that the AMoD control problem is naturally cast as a node-wise decision-making problem. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning framework to control the rebalancing of AMoD systems through graph neural networks. Crucially, we demonstrate that graph neural networks enable reinforcement learning agents to recover behavior policies that are significantly more transferable, generalizable, and scalable than policies learned through other approaches. Empirically, we show how the learned policies exhibit promising zero-shot transfer capabilities when faced with critical portability tasks such as inter-city generalization, service area expansion, and adaptation to potentially complex urban topologies. |
19,478 | Please write an abstract with title: Fdflownet: Fast Optical Flow Estimation Using A Deep Lightweight Network, and key words: Estimation, Optical imaging, Convolution, Adaptive optics, Optical fiber networks, Computational modeling, Training. Abstract: Significant progress has been made for estimating optical flow using deep neural networks. Advanced deep models achieve accurate flow estimation often with a considerable computation complexity and time-consuming training processes. In this work, we present a lightweight yet effective model for real-time optical flow estimation, termed FDFlowNet (fast deep flownet). We achieve better or similar accuracy on the challenging KITTI and Sintel benchmarks while being about 2 times faster than PWC-Net. This is achieved by a carefully-designed structure and newly proposed components. We first introduce an U-shape network for constructing multi-scale feature which benefits upper levels with global receptive field compared with pyramid network. In each scale, a partial fully connected structure with dilated convolution is proposed for flow estimation that obtains a good balance among speed, accuracy and number of parameters compared with sequential connected and dense connected structures. Experiments demonstrate that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance while being fast and lightweight. |
19,479 | Please write an abstract with title: Human-in-the-Loop Control of Soft Exosuits Using Impedance Learning on Different Terrains, and key words: Impedance, Legged locomotion, Exoskeletons, Adaptation models, Friction, Adaptive control, Force. Abstract: Many previous works of soft wearable exoskeletons (exosuit) target at improving the human locomotion assistance, without considering the impedance adaption to interact with the unpredictable dynamics and external environment, preferably outside the laboratory environments. This article proposes a novel hierarchical human-in-the-loop paradigm that aims to produce suitable assistance powers for cable-driven lower limb exosuits to aid the ankle joint in pushing off the ground. It includes two primary loop layers: impedance learning in the external loop and human-in-the-loop adaptive management in the inner loop. Considering unknown terrains, its impedance model can be transferred to a quadratic programming problem with specified constraints, which a designed primal-dual optimization prototype then solves. Then, the presented impedance learning strategy is introduced to regulate the impedance model with the adaptive assistant powers for humans on different terrains. An adaptive controller is designed in the inner loop to balance the nonlinearities and compliance existing in the human-exosuit coexistence, while the robust mechanism compensates for disturbances to facilitate trajectory management without employing the general regressor. The advantage of the proposed technique over conventional solutions with fixed impedance parameters is that it can improve human walking performance over different terrains. Experiments demonstrate the significance of the approach. |
19,480 | Please write an abstract with title: Becoming JUDAS: Correlating Users and Devices During a Digital Investigation, and key words: Tools, Correlation, Object recognition, Cloud computing, Forensics, Ecosystems, Performance evaluation. Abstract: One of the biggest challenges in IoT-forensics is the analysis and correlation of heterogeneous digital evidence, to enable an effective understanding of complex scenarios. This paper defines a methodology for extracting unique objects (e.g., representing users or devices) from the files of a case, defining the context of the digital investigation and increasing the knowledge progressively, using additional files from the case (e.g. network captures). The solution includes external searches using open source intelligence (OSINT) sources when needed. In order to illustrate this approach, the proposed methodology is implemented in the JSON Users and Devices analysis (JUDAS) tool, which is able to generate the context from JSON files, complete it, and show the whole context using dynamic graphs. The approach is validated using the files in an IoT-Forensic digital investigation where an important set of potential digital evidence extracted from Amazon's Alexa Cloud is analysed. |
19,481 | Please write an abstract with title: Antenna radiation modeling for microwave landing system, and key words: Microwave antennas, Aircraft, Multilevel systems, Antenna measurements, Space shuttles, Air traffic control, Airports, Aerospace electronics, Polarization, Diffraction. Abstract: Geometric optics and diffraction techniques are used to develop radiation models of antennas mounted on an aircraft structure. Measurements at 35 GHz on a 1/35 scale model space shuttle and 1/11 scale Boeing 737 are used for comparison with computed patterns and are in very good agreement. Radiation coverage in the elevation plane on full scale Boeing 737 and Boeing 747 at 5.1 GHz, as applied to the microwave landing system (MLS), is examined for vertically- and horizontally-polarized antennas mounted at different locations on the aircraft. |
19,482 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental Study on Wavefront Distortion Correction of 40-Elements Adaptive Optical System Based on SPGD Algorithm, and key words: Integrated optics, Adaptive systems, Perturbation methods, Optical distortion, Programming, Distortion, Adaptive optics. Abstract: We build an experimental system of adaptive optical (AO) system in a laboratory environment. When the light signal is transmitted through the turbulence chamber, the wavefront distortion is generated under the influence of atmospheric turbulence. We employ a deformable mirror (DM) to correct the wavefront distortion. The AO system adopts stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm. Experimental results show that AO system is able to well correct the wavefront distortion. |
19,483 | Please write an abstract with title: HMD-Hardener: Adversarially Robust and Efficient Hardware-Assisted Runtime Malware Detection, and key words: Training, Runtime, Microarchitecture, Perturbation methods, Resists, Boosting, Malware. Abstract: To overcome the performance overheads incurred by the traditional software-based malware detection techniques, machine learning (ML) based Hardware-assisted Malware Detection (HMD) has emerged as a panacea to detect malicious applications and provide security. HMD primarily relies on the generated low-level microarchitectural events captured through Hardware Performance Counters (HPCs). This work proposes an adversarial attack on the HMD systems to tamper the security by introducing perturbations in performance counter traces with an adversarial sample generator application. To craft the attack, we first deploy an adversarial sample predictor to predict the adversarial HPC pattern for a given application to be misclassified by the deployed ML classifier in the HMD. Further, as the attacker has no direct access to manipulate the HPCs generated during runtime, based on the adversarial sample predictor's output, devise an adversarial sample generator wrapped around the victim application to produce HPC patterns similar to the adversarial predictor's estimated trace. With the proposed attack, malware detection accuracy is reduced to 18.1% from 82%. To render the HMD robust to such attacks, we further propose adversarially training the HMD to demonstrate that hardening can render HMD resilient against attacks; the detection accuracy post hardening raises to 81.2%. |
19,484 | Please write an abstract with title: Highly Compact Twin 1×35 Wavelength Selective Switch, and key words: Optical fibers, Silicon, Optical switches, Liquid crystal on silicon, Optical imaging, Dispersion, Optical beams. Abstract: This paper demonstrates the design, assembly, optimisation and characterisation of a twin 1×35 wavelength selective switches (WSSs) based on a highly dispersive silicon grating prism (GRISM). The footprint of this WSS is reduced by >50% when compared with the standard module, without sacrificing key performance metrics including insertion loss, spectral coverage, passband, isolation, etc. To our knowledge, this module is the most compact high port count WSS demonstrated so far. |
19,485 | Please write an abstract with title: Toward Multiple-Phase MDP Model for Charging Station Recommendation, and key words: Computational modeling, Optimization, Public transportation, Complexity theory, Quality of experience, Charging stations, Approximation algorithms. Abstract: There is an increasing need for charging station recommendation to minimize the overall charging time for electric vehicles and balance load for the charging stations. To grant this need, we model the recommendation problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) problem. However, the traditional MDP model has the issue of ‘curse of dimensionality’. To address this issue, we propose an extension of MDP: multiple-phase MDP, in which the state transition of MDP is decomposing into several phases, so as to reduce the state space and state transition complexities. This is done by introducing two states other than the normal state defined in MDP: post decision state and intermediate decision state. Then, we propose an online learning based algorithm to solve the formulated multiple-phase MDP model. Thanks to the reduced complexities of the state space and state transition, the proposed online algorithm can converge fast. By comparing to other recommendation mechanisms, such as game theory based recommendation and Q-learning based recommendation, our simulation evaluation demonstrates that our proposition can bring good performance. |
19,486 | Please write an abstract with title: Moving Target Refocusing With the FMCW SAR System MIRANDA-35, and key words: Synthetic aperture radar, Radar imaging, Earth, Signal processing algorithms, Remote sensing, Radar polarimetry, Motion compensation. Abstract: Inverse synthetic aperture radar is a commonly adopted technique for producing high-resolution images of moving targets. This article investigates the imaging capabilities of high-frequency and high-bandwidth systems by means of two distinct experiments. The deployed sensor is the Fraunhofer FHR MIRANDA-35, a millimeter-wave synthetic aperture radar airborne system, which transmits frequency-modulated continuous-wave signals at the Ka-band and is capable of achieving centimeter resolution. The performances are assessed by comparing the derived estimates (e.g., radial velocity and acceleration, and dimensions) with independent ground measurements. The resulting accuracy can be summarized as follows: the mean value of the percent error is 2.05% and 2.11% for radial velocity and acceleration, respectively, and 4.27% for the target dimensions. |
19,487 | Please write an abstract with title: SIM - a SuFET based induction magnetometer, and key words: SQUID magnetometers, Magnetic sensors, Transducers, Frequency, Hafnium, FETs, Wideband, Magnetic circuits, Superconductivity, Superconducting coils. Abstract: An attempt to generalize the current knowledge of passive magnetic field (MF) transducers - SQUID and induction sensors (IS) (MAFCOPS) - and to incorporate elements of both designs in order to find a way to improve their performance data (PD) by creating, in theory, a combined transducer-superconducting induction magnetometer (SIM). State-of-the-art of IS design is shown with two modifications for application in outer space - LF with sensitivity threshold (ST) 5 pT//spl radic/Hz-5 fT//spl radic/Hz in frequency range (FR) 20 Hz-16 kHz and HF with ST 0.5 pT/spl radic/Hz-1 fT//spl radic/Hz in FR 10 kHz-10 MHz. The superconducting field-effect transistor (SuFET) is incorporated into a wide-band IS device in order to acquire a ST below 1 fT//spl radic/Hz in the FR from small values of hertz to tens of MHz (0.1-10/sup 7/ Hz). The proposed magnetometer circuit consists of both room-temperature or cooled (up to superconductive) pickup coil (PC) and a SuFET. Both the TF and the ST for SIM are analytically investigated proceeding from the equivalent and noise circuit respectively. The sensitivity improvement of some SIM variants is shown in comparison with other state-of-the-art MAFCOPS. Constructional and operational distinctions of the designed sensor are explained. |
19,488 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhancement of The CCM Operating Region of A Synchronous Buck Converter Using A Flux-Rate Switching-Based Adjustable Inductor, and key words: Inductance, MOSFET, Buck converters, Silicon carbide, Switching loss, Switches, Stability analysis. Abstract: This work proposes enhancing the continuous conduction mode (CCM) operating region of a synchronous buck converter using the flux rate switching-based adjustable inductor. The principle of flux rate switching is performed by controlling the flux flow path through the commercially available EE-core and a relay circuit. Using this concept, one limb of the EE core can be switched according to the desired inductance value. This reduces the inductor current ripple by a factor that extends the converter's CCM operating region and improves the converter's overall performance. In contrast, the inductance value is adjusted according to the desired inductor ripple current during normal operating conditions. Calculation of the inductance value is generally related to the associated number of turns and air gap provided. In this work, the adjustable inductor is used with the synchronous buck converter to enhance the CCM operating region. This causes reduced conduction and switching losses of the converter during the low loading condition. This converter consists of two SiC MOSFETs and an adjustable inductor. The expression of the inductance value of the adjustable inductor is explained in this paper. The adjustable inductor is also incorporated in a conventional buck converter to compare the performance and consists of one SiC MOSFET and one SiC Schottky diode. These converters are simulated, and lab-built prototypes are used for experimentation to validate the working of the proposed concept. The closed-loop operation is also performed considering the associated non-idealities present in the system to observe the stability. |
19,489 | Please write an abstract with title: Singlemode Monolithically Quantum-Dot Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser in 1.3 μm with Side-mode Suppression ratio & gt; 30dB, and key words: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Quantum dots, Surface emitting lasers, Optical surface waves, Surface waves, Laser modes, Optical fiber communication, Gallium arsenide, Power generation, Temperature. Abstract: We present monolithically quantum-dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (QD VCSELs) operating in the 1.3 μm optical communication wavelength. The QD VCSELs have adapted fully doped structure on GaAs substrate. The output power is ∼330 μW with slope efficiency of 0.18 W/A at room temperature. Single mode operation was obtained with side-mode suppression ratio of > 30 dB. Modulation bandwidth was also presented for the first time. |
19,490 | Please write an abstract with title: Cyclic redundancy code (CRC) polynomial selection for embedded networks, and key words: Cyclic redundancy check, Polynomials, Hamming distance, High definition video, Data engineering, Protocols, Space exploration, Industry applications, Design engineering, Ice. Abstract: Cyclic redundancy codes (CRCs) provide a first line of defense against data corruption in many networks. Unfortunately, many commonly used CRC polynomials provide significantly less error detection capability than they might. An exhaustive exploration reveals that most previously published CRC polynomials are either inferior to alternatives or are only good choices for particular message lengths. Unfortunately these shortcomings and limitations often seem to be overlooked. This paper describes a polynomial selection process for embedded network applications and proposes a set of good general-purpose polynomials. A set of 35 new polynomials in addition to 13 previously published polynomials provides good performance for 3- to 16-bit CRCs for data word lengths up to 2048 bits. |
19,491 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-Time Early Warning of Network Security Threats Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm, and key words: Security, Communication networks, Energy consumption, Real-time systems, Artificial intelligence, Big Data. Abstract: In order to better ensure the operation safety of the network, the real-time early warning of network security threats is studied based on the improved ant colony algorithm. Firstly, the network security threat perception algorithm is optimized based on the principle of neural network, and the network security threat detection process is standardized according to the optimized algorithm. Finally, the real-time early warning of network security threats is realized. Finally, the experiment proves that the network security threat real-time warning based on the improved ant colony algorithm has better security and stability than the traditional warning methods, and fully meets the research requirements. |
19,492 | Please write an abstract with title: Crop Stubble Burning: Can modern technology trigger a new revolution?, and key words: Waste management, Technological innovation, Pollution, Pandemics, Supply chains, Lung, Agriculture. Abstract: In India, there are many Agri-tech start-ups, which majorly focused on supply chain, and now focusing on the expansion of farms and management of yields. There is a larger area, which is still unexplored and has never achieved any focus by any start-ups,” The leftover stubble after the segregation of grains”. We all know, we are into a pandemic situation, which has an alarming risk of deterioration of lungs of all the COVID19 recovered as well as non-recovered patient. As we are approaching the month of October, North India has a greater challenge coming its way, that is Stubble Burning. Keeping this in mind, this paper focuses on the prediction of stubble produced in a particular farm using OpenCV and AI, and calculation of its actual worth, which will help convince the farmers to sell it instead of burning. Managing the disposal of stubble in a better way, and helping in reducing farmers suicide and also to grow their economy using this model. |
19,493 | Please write an abstract with title: Identifying Mentions of Life Stressors in Clinical Notes, and key words: Conferences, Mental health, Medical services, Tools, Linguistics, Natural language processing, Complexity theory. Abstract: The impact of social determinants on individual health has increasingly been recognized. In this study, we aimed to understand the representation of stressful life events occurring in clinical reports generated outside of mental health specialties. We present a conceptual schema for the representation of stressful events and associated linguistic attributes within free-text clinical notes. We also evaluated existing “off-the-shelf” clinical Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems for the detection of stress related concepts in clinical notes. We found that mentions of stressful events are prevalent even in non-mental health specialties, and that capturing details of stress mentions is challenging. Our results further indicate that existing NLP systems can serve as a reasonable starting point for developing models trained specifically for extracting stress associated information from clinical narratives. |
19,494 | Please write an abstract with title: Declarative encodings of acyclicity properties, and key words: Acyclicity properties, logic-based modeling, answer set programming, satisfiability. Abstract: Many knowledge representation tasks involve trees or similar structures as abstract datatypes. However, devising compact and efficient declarative representations of such structural properties is non-obvious and can be challenging indeed. In this article, we take a number of acyclicity properties into consideration and investigate various logic-based approaches to encode them. We use answer set programming as the primary representation language but also consider mappings to related formalisms, such as propositional logic, difference logic and linear programming. We study the compactness of encodings and the resulting computational performance on benchmarks involving acyclic or tree structures. |
19,495 | Please write an abstract with title: Different Magnetic Flux Density Cases of Series Resonant Converter Operating in Discontinuous Conduction Mode Suitable for Medium-to-High Voltage Applications, and key words: Magnetic flux density, Switching frequency, Resonant converters, Boundary conditions, Power electronics, Voltage control, Optimization. Abstract: The pulse frequency modulation with a constant on-time can be adopted for the series resonant converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode to regulate the output voltage. It is found for the first time that there are two different operation cases with different magnetic flux density (MFD) values. The boundary condition for the two cases is found out and the exact MFD expression of each case is derived. The MFD has smallest value under lowest switching frequency and increases with the increase of switching frequency for both cases, indicating the high-power transformer can be designed at highest switching frequency. A transformer turns ratio design guideline can be easily obtained to avoid the higher maximum MFD case. The theoretical analysis is verified by the simulation and experimental results. |
19,496 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhanced coder with error resilience, and key words: Resilience, Video compression, Decoding, Motion compensation, Streaming media, Bit rate, Internet, Video coding, Redundancy, Motion estimation. Abstract: A scalable video coder produces a bit stream, decodable at different bit rates. It can substantially improve the quality of video transmitted over error prone channels such as Internet or wireless. The scalable video coding utilizes motion prediction to achieve higher compression efficiency. Since motion compensation is used to reduce temporal redundancy, the quality of the decoded video may decay due to the propagation of errors in the temporal domain. Hence, the double-vector motion compensation (DMC) is used in the scalable video coder, which is implemented in this work. Search strategies based on gradient-descent methods are used. In this study, error concealment techniques are used, which estimate the lost motion vectors by exploiting correlation within the video sequences. |
19,497 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Heart Rate Detection Algorithm with Small Observing Window using millimeter-wave Radar, and key words: Embedded computing, Neural networks, Radar detection, Millimeter wave radar, Heart rate detection, Monitoring. Abstract: Monitoring the vital signs is an effective method to understand a person's health condition, as well as detecting any heart problems in the early stages. Instead of the conventional equip-ment, an increasing number of researchers have applied millimeter-wave (mmWave) radars to observe the heart rate. However, most of the algorithms require a large observing window for relatively accurate results. In this paper, we propose a mmWave radar system, which can detect the heart rate with a smaller observing window. Furthermore, with the proposed pre-processing algorithm and the novel neural network, our system gains higher accuracy than the traditional mmWave radar systems, at over 97%. |
19,498 | Please write an abstract with title: What you see is what you get [self-calibrating camera lens distortion], and key words: Lenses, Cameras, Nonlinear distortion, Calibration, Optical distortion, Cost function, Robotics and automation, Geometry, Optimization methods, Optical design. Abstract: A self-calibration method is presented for self-calibrating camera lens distortion by using only the image correspondences of two views. Two images of a single object are related by the epipolar geometry, which can be described by a 3 /spl times/ 3 singular matrix called fundamental matrix. It captures all geometric information contained in two images. An optimization method is applied to minimize the epipolar distances of the two images by adjusting the camera lens radial distortion coefficient. The merit of the method is that it does not rely on any ground truth data. Simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the applicability of the method. |
19,499 | Please write an abstract with title: Aging-Aware Parallel Execution, and key words: Aging, Message systems, Negative bias temperature instability, Thermal variables control, Human computer interaction, Hardware, Performance evaluation. Abstract: Computation has been pushed to the edge to decrease latency and alleviate the computational burden of the IoT applications in the cloud. However, the increasing processing demands of edge applications make necessary the employment of platforms that exploit thread-level parallelism (TLP). Yet, power and heat dissipation rise as TLP inadvertently increases or when parallelism is not cleverly exploited, which may be the result of the nonideal use of a given parallel program interface (PPI). Besides the common issues, such as the need for more robust power sources and better cooling, heat also adversely affects aging, accelerating phenomenons, such as negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and hot-carrier injection (HCI), which further reduces processor lifetime. Hence, considering that increasing the lifespan of an edge device is key, so the number of times the application set may execute until its end-of-life is maximized, we propose BALDER. It is a learning framework capable of automatically choosing optimal configuration executions (PPI and number of threads) according to the parallel application at hand, aiming to maximize the tradeoff between aging and performance. When executing ten well-known applications on two multicore embedded architectures, we show that BALDER can find a nearly optimal configuration for all our experiments. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.