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19,800 | Please write an abstract with title: Consensus Transmit Power Control with Optimal Search Technique for Full-duplex Wireless Multihop Networks, and key words: Wireless communication, Interference cancellation, Conferences, Power control, Spread spectrum communication, Throughput, Numerical simulation. Abstract: Full-duplex (FD) communication is one of the key drivers for improving spectrum utilization. Many researches have been studied to suppress the self-interference for realizing FD communications in addition to reducing the co-channel interference from other ongoing transmissions. Since controlling the transmission power will affect the total interference and improve the overall network capacity, in this paper, we investigate an improved consensus transmit power control (CTPC) algorithm with optimal search technique to maximize the saturation throughput while reducing the transmission power and message exchange overhead in the FD wireless multihop networks. Numerical simulations reveal that the CTPC performance can achieve better performance in terms of saturation throughput, transmit power and message exchange overhead. |
19,801 | Please write an abstract with title: Field Patterns and Resonant Frequencies of High-Order Modes in an Open Resonator (Short Papers), and key words: Resonant frequency, Polarization, Coaxial components, Conductors, NIST, Large-scale systems, Strips, TEM cells, Resonance. Abstract: Using the electromagnetic perturbation theory, it is shown that the linearly polarized TEM/sub pl/ modes (1>0) predicted by conventional methods are not the resonant modes in an open resonator. Instead, two other series of high-order modes are proposed with improved accuracy in resonant frequencies. |
19,802 | Please write an abstract with title: Sleep Assessment Trial in a High Air-Quality Nap-Box based on Clean Unit System Platform (CUSP), and key words: Clean space, particles control, gas-molecules-concentration control, sleep assessment. Abstract: A new closed-air-system enabled by clean unit system platform (CUSP) and Gas-Exchange-Membrane (GEM) is demonstrated to be versatile for sleep assessment, or in general, improving Quality-of-Life (QOL). In a new high air-quality CUSP-GEM system called Nap-Box, sleep assessment has been performed successfully for subjects taking a nap virtually in standing position, for the first time in the world, thanks to the 4-point-supporting configuration introduced in the Nap-Box. The sleep assessment results suggest that taking short sleep in Nap-Box is of potential interest for decreasing sleepiness and helping alertness restoration. |
19,803 | Please write an abstract with title: An Embedded Processor for a Pairing-Based Cryptosystem, and key words: Identity-based encryption, Security, Cryptographic protocols, Elliptic curve cryptography, Field programmable gate arrays, Computer architecture, Prototypes, Design engineering, Educational institutions, Instruments. Abstract: In recent times bilinear pairings have been instrumental in the design of many new cryptographic protocols and have provided elegant solutions to existing protocol problems. The ç pairing is one such pairing and is an efficient computation technique based on a generalization of the Duursma Lee method for calculating the Tate pairing. The pairing can be computed very efficiently on genus 2 hyperelliptic curves. In this paper it is demonstrated that this pairing operation is well suited to a dedicated parallel hardware implementation on an FPGA. An ç pairing processor is described in detail and the architectures required for such a system are discussed. Prototype implementation results are presented over a base field of F_2^103 and the advantages of implementing the pairing on the dedicated processor are discussed |
19,804 | Please write an abstract with title: A Three-Legged Reconfigurable Spherical Robot No.3, and key words: Legged locomotion, Actuators, Shape, Neural networks, Transforms, Fasteners, Batteries. Abstract: A three-legged reconfigurable spherical robot No.3 is presented in this paper. The robot has three legs kept inside the two half hemispherical shells. The three legs can be extended by splitting the top half of the hemispherical shells using a linear actuator installed at the core of the spherical shape. Each leg is consisted of three of revolute joints. When three legs are on ground the robot can perform three legs crawl-kick walking gait (one leg in front and two legs in rear) and butterfly walking gait (two legs in front and one leg in rear). The robot is able to move on flat ground and get over small barrier with butterfly walking gait with the speed of 5.33 cm/s and 1.57 cm/s respectively. For crawl-kick walking gait, the robot can move a little faster with the speed of 6.15 cm/s on flat ground and 1.51 cm/s for crossing barrier. |
19,805 | Please write an abstract with title: There's More to Sound Than Meets the Ear: Sound in Interactive Environments, and key words: Serious games, Music, Mood, Visualization, Ear, Virtual environments, Entertainment industry. Abstract: How important is sound in an interactive environment? For example, what happens when we play a video game without sound? Does the game still have the same impact? Even if sight is the primary sense in interactive environments, sound is also important, and should not be overlooked during the development process. The necessity of sound for perceptive quality enrichment in virtual environments cannot be underestimated. However, how designers should integrate and leverage the benefits of sound design effectively in an interactive environment can be challenging. This short article, discusses a variety of important and intriguing psychological concepts and immersive sound techniques, used in interactive environments, such as video games, to improve engagement and enhance the experience (from passive background music to active and procedural sounds). Computer graphics has proven itself in many fields of entertainment and computing as a means for communicating and engaging users (visually). This article discusses the hidden abilities of sound in interactive environments (e.g., the emotional, subconscious, and subliminal impact). We explain how different sounds can be combined with visual information to help improve interactive conditions and stimulate the imagination, not to mention, control (or steer) the user's emotions and attention. |
19,806 | Please write an abstract with title: A fast multipole method for layered media based on the application of perfectly matched layers - the 2-D case, and key words: Nonhomogeneous media, Perfectly matched layers, Scattering, Microstrip, MLFMA, Two dimensional displays, Integral equations, Green function, Iterative algorithms, Transmission line matrix methods. Abstract: An efficient fast multipole method (FMM) formalism to model scattering from two-dimensional (2-D) microstrip structures is presented. The technique relies on a mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) formulation and a series expression for the Green functions, based on the use of perfectly matched layers (PML). In this way, a new FMM algorithm is developed to evaluate matrix-vector multiplications arising in the iterative solution of the scattering problem. Novel iteration schemes have been implemented and a computational complexity of order O(N) is achieved. The theory is validated by means of several illustrative, numerical examples. This paper aims at elucidating the PML-FMM-MPIE concept and can be seen as a first step toward a PML based multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) for 3-D microstrip structures embedded in layered media. |
19,807 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear analysis for performance characterization of a photoparametric amplifier, and key words: Performance analysis, Optical amplifiers, Analytical models, Operational amplifiers, Photodiodes, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Nonlinear optical devices, Nonlinear optics, Stimulated emission, Optical devices. Abstract: The photoparametric amplifier (PPA) combines optical detection and amplification within a single device. The amplifier operation is based on the non-linear characteristics of the photodiode and therefore, the mechanism constituting gain is highly non-linear and different to that in a conventional amplifier/mixer chain. The PPA has been successfully simulated using a nonlinear microwave simulator to perform harmonics balance analysis, which represented actual photodiode model and nonlinear dynamic capacitance behaviour. The simulation predicted a PPA up-conversion gain as high as 43 dB and this agreed with conventional theoretical analysis. The up-converter gain has been shown to be directly related to the level of pump input and signal input. If there is a limit to pump power, then the gain may be recovered by appropriate adjustment of the ratio of pump to signal frequencies. In this article, the theory of operation, the device structure of the PPA and its characteristic is presented. |
19,808 | Please write an abstract with title: Anemia Prediction Based on Rule Classification, and key words: Pregnancy, Heart, Red blood cells, Benchmark testing, Feature extraction, Iron, Data mining. Abstract: Iron or vitamin lack on the human body can be avoided to prevent some types of diseases like anemia. Anemia causes severe health problems like pregnancy complications or even heart real issues if not a predicted at earlier stages. In this paper, data is collected of 539 participants with 10 related features to each one. Three based rule classification techniques are applied to design on a curate anemia prediction system: ZeroR, OneR and PART to extract relevant of anemia dataset associated to "If" and "Then" a procedure. Among applied techniques, PART provided 85% accuracy higher than ZeroR and OneR. These techniques provided a benchmark of other applied technique to clarify sufficient knowledge of anemia data rules. |
19,809 | Please write an abstract with title: Validation of Global Precipitation Measurements (GPM) Over Two Different Physiographic Regions of Pakistan, and key words: Correlation coefficient, Rain, Correlation, Measurement uncertainty, Geoscience and remote sensing, Reliability, Root mean square. Abstract: This study validated the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM, IMERG version 06), with the rain gauge data at various physiographic regions of Pakistan for a period of 07 years (i.e. 2014–2020) at average annual scale using mean monthly data. The outcomes indicated that in average annual scale, IMERG-v06 product delineated a very strong correlation coefficient (0.94 & 0.92) in low to moderate elevated areas including Nawabshah (37m) and Panjgur (968m) in the south most region, whereas moderate correlations have been observed (0.67 & 0.71) with the same low to moderate elevated region i.e. in Bannu (406m) and Balakot (995m) in north of the country. Maximum root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 2.33 mm/day was observed Balakot and minimum RMSD of 0.14 mm/day was recorded at Panjgur. This study reveals that the GPM (IMERG- V06) is a reliable source of precipitation measurement with minor and acceptable errors at different elevation regions of Pakistan. |
19,810 | Please write an abstract with title: Aggregation Control for Distributed Energy Storage in Distribution Network, and key words: Analytical models, Heuristic algorithms, Stability criteria, Distribution networks, Reliability, Indexes, Energy storage. Abstract: At present, large amount distributed energy storages (DESs) connected to the distribution network lack of effective scheduling methods. An centralized control strategy of DESs with random access and output can be utilized to realize the aggregation control of large amount DESs, which can improve the stability, efficiency and economy of the distribution network. Due to the application of DESs have not yet been configured in large amounts, the research on the aggregation of DES is few. Based on the aggregation mechanism of DES, this paper proposes an aggregation control algorithm of DESs. The simulation explains the specific method of the proposed aggregation control strategy. |
19,811 | Please write an abstract with title: A Review of 90 Degree Corner Design for High-Speed Digital and mmWave Applications, and key words: Microstrip, Loss measurement, Connectors, Transmission line measurements, Microwave circuits, Radio frequency, Microwave measurement. Abstract: The design of 90 degree corners has been an important topic since the start of microwave design several decades ago. With the arrival of standards like 400Gb Ethernet, 5G and WiGig, engineers are now required to create PCB designs with signals in the mmWave frequency range for consumer applications. In this paper we will do a quick review on the design of right angle corners for PCB construction and present some measurement results. |
19,812 | Please write an abstract with title: On internal models for specified plant parameter variations, and key words: Control system synthesis, Frequency domain analysis, Transfer functions, Asymptotic stability, Observability, Poles and zeros, Control systems, Acoustical engineering, Signal synthesis, Servomechanisms. Abstract: Frequency domain methods are used to develop necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an internal model precompensator that provides internal stability and output regulation when specified structural perturbations occur in plant parameters. It is shown that if the exogenous signal modes are invariant under parameter perturbations and if nominal plant transmission zeros do not coincide with these modes, then a suitable precompensator exists. |
19,813 | Please write an abstract with title: Artificial Intelligence Technology in UAV Equipment, and key words: Analytical models, Information science, Computational modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Decision making, Artificial intelligence, Aircraft. Abstract: Modern science and technology is developing rapidly, at the same time, artificial intelligence technology is also developing rapidly. Now, artificial intelligence technology has penetrated into all aspects of our lives. In this paper, the application of artificial intelligence technology in UAV equipment is studied. In the study, we selected two aircraft for simulation experiments, one is an unmanned aircraft using artificial intelligence technology, the other is an aircraft without artificial intelligence technology, other conditions are the same, respectively from the two aircraft capabilities and detection performance are analyzed. In the ability evaluation, the perception ability, decision-making ability, behavior ability and learning ability are evaluated respectively, and the detection performance is analyzed from the detection rate and false detection rate. The results show that the average score of UAV with AI technology is 9.25, while the average score of UAV without AI technology is 7.85. It can be seen that the UAV equipment using artificial intelligence technology has advantages in all aspects of capabilities. |
19,814 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on intra modes for inter-frame coding in H.264, and key words: MPEG 4 Standard, Video coding, Educational institutions, Image reconstruction, Encoding, Decoding, Algorithm design and analysis, Quantization, MPEG standards, Image coding. Abstract: It is well known that H.264 has great advantage of coding efficiency compared with the successful prior coding standards and it can save about 50% bit-rate under the same reconstructed picture quality. But the complexity of H.264 encoder is also very high. In order to improve the speed of the H.264 encoder, this paper researches the intra modes for inter-frame coding. The algorithm of mode decision for inter-frame coding is introduced and the complexity of the H.264 encoder is analyzed from the side of transform and quantization. In order to speed up the H.264 encoder without causing a great decrease in encoding efficiency, a fast intra mode decision method for inter-frame coding is also introduced. The experimental results show that the inter-frame coding with fast intra mode decision can reduce the computational complexity of the H.264 encoder remarkably while incurring little, if any, loss in quality. |
19,815 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring Extended Reality with Flexible Spectrum Access in Wireless Cellular Network, and key words: Wireless communication, Cellular networks, Time-frequency analysis, Extended reality, Computer network reliability, Computer architecture, User experience. Abstract: Extended reality (XR) technologies, including augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), is now used in a wide spectrum of applications, e.g., telemedicine, remote education, and computer gaming. However, existing experiments are predominantly deployed in the indoor environment with the help of wired connectivity or Wi-Fi networks. Recently, the global commercialization of 5G networks provides new opportunities for XR applications. By using wireless cellular network, XR is able to offer seamless user experience from anywhere at any time. Despite remarkable advantages, current cellular-enhanced XR services are still facing certain challenges. For instance, edge users may not be able to achieve a reliable XR experience due to the limitation of transmission power and free-space path loss. In this paper, a novel flexible spectrum access (FSA) approach is proposed, which allows XR users to be flexibly handed over between multiple carriers. By such means, the reliability for the edge users can be significantly improved thanks to the use of lower frequency bands. It is also shown that the end-to-end latency has been reduced due to more evenly distributed time frequency domain resources. |
19,816 | Please write an abstract with title: Multilayer Perceptron Generative Model via Adversarial Learning for Robust Visual Tracking, and key words: Feature extraction, Target tracking, Visualization, Generators, Adversarial machine learning, Generative adversarial networks, Deep learning. Abstract: Visual tracking is an open and exciting field of research. The researchers introduced great efforts to be close to the ideal state of stable tracking of objects regardless of different appearances or circumstances. Owing to the attractive advantages of generative adversarial networks (GANs), they have been a promising area of research in many fields. However, GAN network architecture has not been thoroughly investigated in the visual tracking research community. Inspired by visual tracking via adversarial learning (VITAL), we present a novel network to generate randomly initialized masks for building augmented feature maps using multilayer perceptron (MLP) generative models. To obtain more robust tracking these augmented masks can extract robust features that do not change over a long temporal span. Some models such as deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGANs) have been proposed to obtain powerful generator architectures by eliminating or minimizing the use of fully connected layers. This study demonstrates that the use of MLP architecture for the generator is more robust and efficient than the convolution-only architecture. Also, to realize better performance, we used one-sided label smoothing to regularize the discriminator in the training stage and the label smoothing regularization (LSR) method to reduce the overfitting of the classifier in the online tracking stage. The experiments show that the proposed model is more robust than the DCGAN model and offers satisfactory performance compared with the state-of-the-art deep visual trackers on OTB-100, VOT2019 and LaSOT datasets. |
19,817 | Please write an abstract with title: Hole analysis for functional coverage data, and key words: Read-write memory, Algorithm design and analysis, Software debugging, Software tools, Permission, Laboratories, Logic design, Software engineering, Logic testing, Software testing. Abstract: One of the main goals of coverage tools is to provide the user with informative presentation of coverage information. Specifically, information on large, cohesive sets of uncovered tasks with common properties is very useful. This paper describes methods for discovering and reporting large uncovered spaces (holes) for crossproduct functional coverage models. Hole analysis is a presentation method for coverage data that is both succinct and informative. Using case studies, we show how hole analysis was used to detect large uncovered spaces and improve the quality of verification. |
19,818 | Please write an abstract with title: <i>n</i>-Intuitionistic Polygonal Fuzzy Aggregation Operators and Their Application to Multi-Attribute Decision Making, and key words: Fuzzy sets, Fuzzy neural networks, Decision making, Frequency selective surfaces, Hamming distance, Cognition, Entropy. Abstract: The n-intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy set (n-IPFS), combined by the intuitionistic fuzzy and polygonal fuzzy sets, is an extended form of the triangular intuitionistic fuzzy set (TIFS) and the trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy set (TrIFS). The aim of this paper is to develop some new aggregation operators for n-IPFSs and apply them to multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems. First, the operational properties and the score function of n-IPFSs are defined. Then, three kinds of n-intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy aggregation operators are investigated including n-intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy weighted averaging (n-IPFWA) operator, n-intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy ordered weighted averaging (n-IPFOWA) operator and n-intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy hybrid aggregation (n-IPFHA) operator. Finally, we propose an improved technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach with n-IPFSs and unknown attributes weights. The attributes weights are obtained by combining the entropy weights and the subjective weights, and the entropy weights are calculated based on the score function of n-IPFS. The spatial closeness reflected by the Hamming distance and the grey relationship with the positive/negative solution are both considered in getting the relative closeness degree to rank the alternatives. The example analysis of a location selection is given to verify the practicality and the effectiveness of the proposed approach in this paper. |
19,819 | Please write an abstract with title: Collegeville Workshop 2021: Scientific Software Teams, and key words: Special issues and sections, Teamwork, Software development management, Education, Meetings. Abstract: The Collegeville Workshop Series on Scientific Software brings together members from the academic, industry, and research laboratory communities to discuss important and emerging topics in the development and use of software for scientific discovery. The 2021 workshopb focused on the role of teams. This special issue contains five articles selected from the 26 white papers and teatime submissions to the workshop. Scientific software development is primarily a team activity. |
19,820 | Please write an abstract with title: Progressive Standard Operating Procedures for Darkweb Forensics Investigation, and key words: Drugs, Weapons, Space technology, Digital forensics, Feature extraction, Internet, Information and communication technology. Abstract: With the advent of information and communication technology, the digital space is becoming a playing ground for criminal activities. Criminals typically prefer darkness or a hidden place to perform their illegal activities in a real-world while sometimes covering their face to avoid being exposed and getting caught. The same applies in a digital world where criminals prefer features which provide anonymity or hidden features to perform illegal activities. It is from this spirit the Darkweb is attracting all kinds of criminal activities conducted over the Internet such as selling drugs, illegal weapons, child pornography, assassination for hire, hackers for hire, and selling of malicious exploits, to mention a few. Although the anonymity offered by Darkweb can be exploited as a tool to arrest criminals involved in cybercrime, an in-depth research is needed to advance criminal investigation on Darkweb. Analysis of illegal activities conducted in Darkweb is in its infancy and faces several challenges like lack of standard operating procedures. This study proposes progressive standard operating procedures (SOPs) for Darkweb forensics investigation. We provide the four stages of SOP for Darkweb investigation. The proposed SOP consists of the following stages; identification and profiling, discovery, acquisition and preservation, and the last stage is analysis and reporting. In each stage, we consider the objectives, tools and expected results of that particular stage. Careful consideration of this SOP revealed promising results in the Darkweb investigation. |
19,821 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Day-Ahead Scheduling and Operation of the Prosumer by Considering Corrective Actions Based on Very Short-Term Load Forecasting, and key words: Neurons, Batteries, State of charge, Forecasting, Energy management, Load forecasting. Abstract: Energy management systems (EMSs) play an important role in the optimal operation of prosumers. As an essential segment of each EMS, the load forecasting (LF) block enhances the optimal utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). In this paper, a new optimal day-ahead scheduling and operation of the prosumer is proposed based on the two-level corrective LF. The proposed two-level corrective LF actions are developed through a very precise short-term LF. In the first level, a time-series LF is applied using multi-layer perceptron artificial neural networks (MLP-ANNs). In order to improve the accuracy of the forecasted load data at the first level, the second level corrective LF is applied using feed-forward (FF) ANNs. The second stage prediction is initiated when the LF results violate the pre-defined criteria. The proposed method is applied to a prosumer under different cases (based on the consideration of BESS operation behaviors and cost) and various scenarios (based on the accuracy of the load data). The obtained optimal day-ahead operation results illustrate the advantages of the proposed method and its corrective forecasting process. The comparison of the obtained results and those of other available ones show the effectiveness of the proposed optimal operation of the prosumers. The advantages of the proposed method are highlighted while the BESS costs are considered. |
19,822 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Sensor Scheduling for Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks With Cost Minimization Objective, and key words: Task analysis, Wireless sensor networks, Dynamic scheduling, Target tracking, Costs, Sensors, Internet of Things. Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are demonstrated to be the increasingly essential systems for various Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensing applications. This article proposes a cost-aware dynamic sensor scheduling (CADSS) framework for WSNs with multiple tasks. At its core, a system cost function is designed to quantify the expenses of the WSNs due to task executions, and a task quality function is modeled to indicate the performance of the corresponding tasks. The proposed CADSS is further formulated as an optimization problem to minimize the system cost while maintaining the desired task qualities. In this way, a comprehensive task utility evaluation methodology for self-organized WSNs is constituted. Furthermore, by modeling the posterior Cramér–Rao lower bound (PCRLB) as the task quality function and a weighted sum of the communication and sensor scheduling cost as the system cost, the CADSS is instantiated into a multitarget tracking (MTT) application. It is shown that the formulated CADSS is a nonconvex optimization problem involving two coupled binary variables that, respectively, correspond to the scheduling of sensor and cluster head. We then propose a parallel convex relation approach to solve it effectively. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed CADSS by comparing it with state-of-the-art strategies. |
19,823 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-Abelian gauge fields with fiber optics and beyond, and key words: Optical fibers, Optical interferometry, Sagnac interferometers, Optical fiber communication, Hilbert space. Abstract: We observe the non-Abelian Aharonov–Bohm effect by synthesizing non-Abelian gauge fields in a fiber-optic interferometer, enabled by multiple time-reversal symmetry breaking in orthogonal bases of the Hilbert space. Based on the realized building blocks of non-Abelian gauge fields, We introduce and study a type of non-Abelian Hofstadter models. |
19,824 | Please write an abstract with title: Formation and Diffusion Characteristics of Carbon Black in Insulating Oil Under Multiple Breakdown, and key words: Electrical engineering, Breakdown voltage, Insulation, Electric breakdown, Oils, Conferences, Discharges (electric). Abstract: The particle size generation characteristics of carbon black particles during breakdown arc under AC voltage have important influence on insulation performance and repetitive breakdown voltage. In order to obtain the effect of arc energy after breakdown on the particle size generation and breakdown characteristics of carbon black particles, a carbon black particle test platform based on multi-parameter observation was built. The influence of oil gap distance and setting time on breakdown voltage was analyzed. The results show that the particle size of carbon black particles after breakdown of insulating oil is mainly between 5μm-50μm. With the increase of breakdown voltage, the arc energy increases, the carbon black particles increase and the proportion of carbon black particles increases. It is found that the larger the arc energy, the more favorable the formation of large particle size particles, and the stronger the trigger discharge ability of large particle size particles, which will lead to the obvious decrease of breakdown voltage in repetitive breakdown test. Increasing the setting time is helpful to the diffusion of carbon black particles and reduces the effect on breakdown voltage. |
19,825 | Please write an abstract with title: Broadband Terahertz Dielectric Rod Antenna Array with Integrated Half-Maxwell Fisheye Lens, and key words: Antenna arrays, Lenses, Antenna measurements, Broadband antennas, Bandwidth, Silicon, Optical waveguides. Abstract: The terahertz range has significant potential for high data rate wireless communications, due to large, underutilized spectral bandwidth. The exploitation of that potential is being enhanced by novel devices implemented using all-silicon micro-scale photonic techniques. Here, we show the design of a dielectric rod array antenna that employs integrated gradient-index optics to enhance antenna gain in 300-GHz band. The antenna is fed with a monolithically integrated, specialized broadband photonic crystal waveguide. Numerical and experimental characterization demonstrate over 120 GHz bandwidth with ~20 dBi antenna gain. As a practical demonstration, we utilize this antenna in the terahertz wireless transmission. We achieve error-free communication at 16 Gbit/s and uncompressed 4K video transmission. |
19,826 | Please write an abstract with title: Asymmetric Cluster Network with Distributed Broadcast-Select Switch and Asymmetric Network Adapter, and key words: Multiprocessor interconnection, Optical switches, Asia, Optical fiber communication, Photonics. Abstract: This paper proposes an asymmetric cluster network, and how an asymmetric network is constructed with novel Distributed Broadcast-Select Switch. It discusses the combination of multistage networks and direct interconnection networks with Distributed Broadcast-Select Switch. © 2020 The Author(s). |
19,827 | Please write an abstract with title: An extensive analysis of online restaurant reviews: a case study of the Amazonian Culinary Tourism, and key words: Text mining, Decision support systems, Computer science, Sentiment analysis, Social networking (online), User-generated content, Urban areas. Abstract: Analyzing User-Generated Content present in social media has become mandatory for companies looking for maintaining competitiveness. These data contain information such as consumer opinions, and recommendations that are seen as rich sources of information for the development of decision support systems. When observing the state of the art, it was found that there is a lack of antecedents that address the analysis of online reviews of Brazilian restaurants. In this sense, the focus of this work is to fill this gap through a case study of Santarém city. The results show that professionals in this segment can use these analyzes in order to improve the user’s experiences and increase their profits. |
19,828 | Please write an abstract with title: Searching for Optimal Software Defined Network Controller Against DDoS Attacks, and key words: Topology, Control systems, Denial-of-service attack, Network topology, Computer crime, Optical switches, Packet loss. Abstract: Distributed Denial of Service attacks is one of the most destructive threats to all internet services. Software-defined networks improve the scalability and bring many security benefits but on the other hand, the centralized controller can be a target of such attacks and makes the whole network vulnerable. In this paper, we first discuss how Software Defined Network (SDN) control layer is affected by DDoS attacks. A comparison of the DDoS effect between three of the most popular SDN controllers is presented. Metrics of traffic latency and return trip time of the networks are measured and compared for two different types of topologies. |
19,829 | Please write an abstract with title: Social Prediction-Based Handover in Collaborative-Edge-Computing-Enabled Vehicular Networks, and key words: Trajectory, Handover, Predictive models, Encoding, Vehicle dynamics, Tensors, Vehicle-to-everything. Abstract: Collaborative edge computing (CEC) can realize the cooperation and integration of heterogeneous resources distributed in adjacent areas, increasing the overall resource utilization efficiency. In a CEC-supported heterogeneous vehicular network composed of different access solutions, including cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) and dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), good network connections can guarantee timely access to edge resources. How to maintain stable and high-quality network connections for vehicles is a crucial issue. With traditional received signal strength (RSS)-based handover schemes, vehicles may encounter severe ping-pong effects and even direct handover failures leading to data packet loss. In this article, to overcome the frequent handover problem caused by vehicles’ high-speed motion and the ever-changing network environment, we propose a trajectory prediction-based handover scheme. In this scheme, the sojourn time of a vehicle staying in each candidate network’s coverage can be obtained through a social long short-term memory (social-LSTM)-based prediction model. Together with the signal strength, available bandwidth, and cost, the sojourn time is also taken as a handover decision attribute parameter. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can reduce the number of handovers effectively. |
19,830 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning communities: connectivity and dynamics of interacting agents, and key words: Hidden Markov models, Wearable sensors, Social network services, Humans, Machine learning, Sensor systems, Computer science, Laboratories, Intelligent agent, Wearable computers. Abstract: Intelligent agents need to learn how the communication structure evolves within interacting groups and how to influence the groups overall behavior. We are developing methods to automatically and unobtrusively learn the social network structure that arises within a human group based on wearable sensors. Computational models of group interaction dynamics are derived from data gathered using wearable sensors. The questions we are exploring are: Can we tell who influences whom? Can we quantify this amount of influence? How can we modify group interactions to promote better information diffusion? The goal is real-time learning and modification of social network relationships by applying statistical machine learning techniques to data obtained from unobtrusive wearable sensors. |
19,831 | Please write an abstract with title: EM-Transparency for Improving Angular Accuracy of a Reactively Loaded MIMO/AOA Antenna, and key words: Antenna measurements, Current measurement, Area measurement, Electromagnetics, Loaded antennas, Research and development, MIMO communication. Abstract: Previously, we have developed a method of eliminating coupling between AOA and MIMO arrays by optimizing reactive loads. In this paper, to investigate the mechanism, a new physical measure, named the CAR (Current Area Ratio), is introduced to show that EM-transparency of the elements is attained due to the cancellation of radiation fields, caused by the out-of-phase currents induced on the elements. |
19,832 | Please write an abstract with title: Network parameter estimation with detection failures, and key words: Parameter estimation, Sensor arrays, Acoustic sensors, Magnetic sensors, Acoustic signal detection, Mean square error methods, Detectors, Estimation error, Acoustic measurements, Energy measurement. Abstract: Distributed sensing systems fuse information from various local measurements to form joint estimates of physical phenomena. We study Bayesian parameter estimation with measurement failures, where the probability of failing to make an observation depends on the unknown parameters. Both the absence and the existence of the measurements provide information about the parameters. We present lower bounds for minimum mean square error estimation. The bounds are applied to the analysis of sensor arrays for source localization and the distributed estimation problem with binary detectors. |
19,833 | Please write an abstract with title: Latch-Based Logic Locking, and key words: Latches, Integrated circuit modeling, Delays, Clocks, Propagation delay, Logic gates, Security. Abstract: Globalization of IC manufacturing has led to increased security concerns, notably IP theft. Several logic locking techniques have been developed for protecting designs, but they typically display very large overhead, and are generally susceptible to deciphering attacks. In this paper, we propose latch-based logic locking, which manipulates both the flow of data and logic in the design. This method converts an interconnected subset of existing flip-flops to pairs of latches with programmable phase. In tandem, decoy latches and logic are added, inhibiting an attacker from determining the actual design functionality. To validate this technique, we developed and verified a locking insertion flow, analyzed PPA and ATPG overhead on benchmark circuits and industry cores, extended existing attacks to account for the technique, and taped out a demonstration chip. Importantly, we show that the design overhead with this approach is significantly less than with previous logic locking schemes, while resisting model checker-based, oracle-driven attacks. With minimal delay overhead, large numbers of decoy latches can be added, cheaply increasing attack resistance. |
19,834 | Please write an abstract with title: Observer Design for Bounded Output Synchronized Petri Nets, and key words: Design methodology, Petri nets, Europe, Automata, Observers, Cyber-physical systems, Control systems. Abstract: This paper concerns discrete event systems modeled with a particular class of synchronized Petri nets that include output functions, called Output Synchonized Petri nets. Such a formalism is suitable and tractable to represent a large variety of Cyber-Physical Systems. As a preliminary result on Output Synchonized Petri nets, we propose a method to design observers for such systems based on the input control and output signal that circulate between the controller and the plant. |
19,835 | Please write an abstract with title: An exponentiated gradient adaptive algorithm for blind identification of sparse SIMO systems, and key words: Adaptive algorithm, Signal processing algorithms, Least squares approximation, Convergence, Algorithm design and analysis, System identification, Filters, Jacobian matrices, Stochastic processes, Adaptive signal processing. Abstract: Sparse impulse responses are encountered in many acoustic and wireless channels. Recently, a class of exponentiated gradient (EG) algorithms has been proposed. One of the algorithms belonging to this class, the so-called EG/spl plusmn/ algorithm, converges and tracks much better than the classical stochastic gradient, or LMS, algorithm for sparse impulse responses. We apply this technique to blind identification of a sparse SIMO system and develop the multichannel EG/spl plusmn/ algorithm. A simple experiment demonstrates its advantage in convergence compared to the MCLMS algorithm. |
19,836 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling Method of Local Mismatch Model for MOS Transistors, and key words: Temperature measurement, Semiconductor device modeling, Temperature distribution, Semiconductor device measurement, MOSFET, SPICE, Mathematical model. Abstract: In this paper, a MOS SPICE local mismatch model is presented, in which the temperature effect coefficient is added in the existing SPICE local mismatch model equation. The effect of temperature variation on SPICE local mismatch model of MOS devices is fully considered. This paper can accurately reflect the change of local mismatch with the change of temperature, so that the SPICE local mismatch model has a wider application range and a higher degree of coincidence with the measured data. |
19,837 | Please write an abstract with title: Observation of Various Bound States of Solitons in a Fiber Laser Based on GIMF-SIMF-GIMF Saturable Absorber, and key words: Optical fiber polarization, Optical fiber dispersion, Laser mode locking, Optical fiber communication, Optical fiber couplers, Erbium-doped fiber lasers, Optical solitons. Abstract: We report on the experimental observation of various bound states of solitons in an erbium-doped fiber laser mode-locked by a graded index multimode fiber-step index multimode fiber-graded index multimode fiber (GIMF-SIMF-GIMF) saturable absorber (SA). Based on the nonlinear multimode interference (NL-MMI) effect of the GIMF-SIMF-GIMF SA, not only various bound single-pulse solitons (BSSs) can be obtained, but various bound twin-pulse solitons (BTSs) can also be achieved by adjusting the pump power and PC. The BSSs are formed by single soliton bound together, the BTSs are formed by multiple second-order tightly bound state of solitons. |
19,838 | Please write an abstract with title: Frequency-Dependent Bearing Voltage Model for Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors, and key words: Induction motors, Equivalent circuits, Voltage measurement, Capacitance, Stator windings, Integrated circuit modeling, Frequency measurement. Abstract: This work describes a frequency-dependent bearing voltage model for squirrel-cage induction motors. Previous research related to bearing voltages commonly considered the bearing voltage ratio (BVR) as a constant. However, it is important to analyze the frequency-dependent behavior of the BVR when dealing with systems excited by high-switching-frequency pulsewidth modulation voltages. First, we measure the BVR characteristic for a 1.5-kW test motor. The measurement data show that, in the mid-frequency range (100 kHz–6 MHz), the BVR values are smaller than the conventional low-frequency constant value, and at higher frequencies, the BVR value increases above the low-frequency value. Considering this BVR characteristic, an equivalent circuit has been built and analyzed from the perspective of the BVR. The proposed equivalent circuit has been verified by comparing simulation data with measurement data. Based on the analysis results of the equivalent circuit, a parametric study was done to examine the effects of motor system parameters on the bearing voltage. For the study, variations of the bearing voltage on the changes of the input voltage waveforms and the winding-to-stator capacitance are analyzed by using measurement and simulation data. |
19,839 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of the Possibilities for Electroless Nickel-Cobalt Coating on Titanium Alloys for Electrical Spark Deposition, and key words: Titanium alloys, Plating, Phosphorus, Nickel, Coatings, Sparks, Copper. Abstract: The paper concerns the study of the possibilities for electroless plating of a nickel-cobalt-phosphorus alloy on titanium and titanium alloy TiAl6V4 substrates when pre-galvanic activation is used. The creation of a nickel alloy coating will allow for further electrospark deposition with less erosional impact on the substrate and better adhesion of the hardalloyed coating to the titanium and titanium alloy. The impact of the pre-copper plating and the use of cobalt in the pre-activation of the surface on the percentage of phosphorus in the electroless coating were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive microanalysis methods, as well as microhardness testing were used to assess the quality of the applied coatings. |
19,840 | Please write an abstract with title: Combining Zeroth and First-Order Analysis with Lagrange Polynomials to Reduce Artefacts in Live Concatenative Granulation, and key words: Interpolation, Heuristic algorithms, Software algorithms, Adaptive algorithms, Writing, Real-time systems, Standards. Abstract: This paper presents a technique addressing signal discontinuity and concatenation artefacts in real-time granular processing with rectangular windowing. By combining zero-crossing synchronicity, first-order derivative analysis, and Lagrange polynomials, we can generate streams of uncorrelated and non-overlapping sonic fragments with minimal low-order derivatives discontinuities. The resulting open-source algorithm, implemented in the Faust language, provides a versatile real-time software for dynamical looping, wavetable oscillation, and granulation with reduced artefacts due to rectangular windowing and no artefacts from overlap-add-to-one techniques commonly deployed in granular processing. |
19,841 | Please write an abstract with title: Complex Gyrator Circuit of an Evanescent-Mode E-Plane Junction Circulator Using H-Plane Turnstile Resonators, and key words: Gyrators, Waveguide junctions, Ferrites, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Demagnetization, Boundary conditions, Geometry, Displays, Coupling circuits, Rectangular waveguides. Abstract: The E-plane circulator is of considerable practical interest but its development has lagged somewhat compared to that of the more common H-plane device. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the eigenvalue problem and the complex gyrator circuit of an E-plane evanescent-mode junction loaded with one or two H-plane turnstile ferrite resonators symmetrically coupled by three standard rectangular waveguides. The condition for which the eigenvalues of the demagnetized junction are in antiphase has been met with the physical variables at hand, but the more important one for which they are also commensurate has not. A transformer coupled device using quarter-wave-long impedance sections at each port is also described. Its frequency coincides with the even solution of two coupled resonators. |
19,842 | Please write an abstract with title: Renewable and Sustainable Electrical Energy harvested from Living Plants: An Experimental Study, and key words: Electrodes, Renewable energy sources, Mechatronics, Aluminum, Voltage, Copper. Abstract: Harvesting electrical energy from nonconventional sources like living plants has received attention of researchers over the past decade because it is renewable and sustainable. In the present paper we have harvested electrical energy from different living plants which are abundant in the dry areas. We have chosen aluminium and copper as two electrodes to conduct the experiment. Experiment has been conducted indoor and outdoor conditions. In this study, we have obtained maximum harvested voltage of 1.03 V from Sansevieria plant (which is easy to grow house plant and prefers warm locations) when two electrodes are inserted on same leaf and close to each other. This voltage does not remain constant but decreases and settles at 0.96 V in 18 mins. |
19,843 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of dissimilarity between multipath components at mobile station in microcellular environment, and key words: Antenna measurements, Propagation delay, MIMO, Transmitting antennas, Extraterrestrial measurements, Space technology, Wireless communication, Receiving antennas, Antennas and propagation, Radio transmitters. Abstract: Distinction between different propagation paths can be done by their delay, angle of arrival, angle of departure and Doppler-frequency. This also yields a possibility to have a measure that calculates a grade of (dis-) similarity between different multipath components. This work introduces the (dis-) similarity measure by introducing the concept of distance function that has been developed to provide a formal description for measuring distance between two points in a vector space. This measure provides some knowledge about multipath components clustering in different domains. |
19,844 | Please write an abstract with title: New concept for aircraft maintenance management, and key words: Dolphins, Aircraft propulsion, Reliability engineering, Product design, Engineering management, Maintenance engineering, Displays, Aircraft manufacture, Aerospace electronics, Data analysis. Abstract: This paper presents the "Dolphin curve" model attempts to make an exploration to display the general principle of maintenance practice especially in the field of aircraft maintenance. The Dolphin curve model has further elaborated the general relation in the concept of maintenance engineering men-aircraft-environment complex system (MEMAECS) between maintenance and product life. |
19,845 | Please write an abstract with title: Drought Monitoring Method based on Multiscale Remote Sensing Data Fusion, and key words: Satellites, Soil measurements, Moisture measurement, Soil moisture, Indexes, Optical sensors, Spatial resolution. Abstract: Drought is one of the agricultural natural disasters, which seriously threatens the natural ecological environment and world's food security. The FY-3B satellite has the ability of drought monitoring, but its spatial resolution is low, which isn't suitable for small and medium scale drought monitoring. In view of this, this paper calculates the High resolution Soil Moisture Drought Index (HSMDI) in the study area through the effective fusion of MODIS optical data which is small and medium scale and FY-3B soil moisture data of large scale. The results were verified by the measured meteorological data and simulated soil moisture data, which showed that HSMDI had a good consistency with precipitation and soil moisture (P < 0.05). The spatial and temporal characteristics of drought described by HSMDI were consistent with the actual drought situation in the study area, indicating that the method can effectively achieve small and medium scale drought monitoring. |
19,846 | Please write an abstract with title: The Design and Application of the Direct Acquisition System of Terahertz Signal Based on the Second-Order Butterworth Low-pass Filter, and key words: Resistance, Conferences, Low-pass filters, Terahertz materials, System integration, Dynamic range, Capacitance. Abstract: Terahertz wave has unique advantages and has received more and more researches. In order to meet the acquisition requirements of fast terahertz signals, a signal direct acquisition circuit is specially designed. In order to reduce the impact of system noise on the dynamic range of the system, it is necessary to filter out unnecessary noise in the signal acquisition process. With the help of Sallen-key circuit, a six-element second-order SK Butterworth low-pass filter is designed, and the resistance and capacitance of each resistance and capacitance are calculated. The designed signal acquisition circuit with a second-order Butterworth low-pass filter is used for terahertz signal acquisition. After testing and verification, the signal acquisition circuit with a second-order Butterworth low-pass filter can effectively filter out system noise, reduce the impact of system noise on the dynamic range of fast terahertz systems, and the dynamic range can be increased to 75dB. The second-order Butterworth low-pass filter is simple in design, and its performance is very stable after testing. |
19,847 | Please write an abstract with title: Indonesian Hate Speech and Abusive Tweets Classification with Deep Learning Pre-trained Language Models, and key words: Deep Learning, IndoBERT, IndoBERTweet, Indonesian RoBERTa, CNN, Hate Speech, Abusive, Indonesian Twitter. Abstract: Hate speech and abusive language on social media can spread massively and escalate into conflict between two or more individuals or parties. Previous studies about multi-label classification to identify whether the tweet contains hate speech, abusive language, or not have been conducted with machine learning techniques. They applied machine learning with a combination of feature extraction and achieved a good result in recognizing the tweet with hate speech content. In this research, we apply two approaches: first, we use vanilla pre-trained models of IndoBERT, IndoBERTweet, and Indonesian RoBERTa; second, we combine the three previous models with CNN. Our experiment shows that our proposed method has better results compared to previous research with the best performance achieved by IndoBERTweet+CNN with 93.9% Accuracy. |
19,848 | Please write an abstract with title: Co-Clustering on Bipartite Graphs for Robust Model Fitting, and key words: Data models, Bipartite graph, Computational modeling, Partitioning algorithms, Clustering methods, Analytical models, Fitting. Abstract: Recently, graph-based methods have been widely applied to model fitting. However, in these methods, association information is invariably lost when data points and model hypotheses are mapped to the graph domain. In this paper, we propose a novel model fitting method based on co-clustering on bipartite graphs (CBG) to estimate multiple model instances in data contaminated with outliers and noise. Model fitting is reformulated as a bipartite graph partition behavior. Specifically, we use a bipartite graph reduction technique to eliminate some insignificant vertices (outliers and invalid model hypotheses), thereby improving the reliability of the constructed bipartite graph and reducing the computational complexity. We then use a co-clustering algorithm to learn a structured optimal bipartite graph with exact connected components for partitioning that can directly estimate the model instances (i.e., post-processing steps are not required). The proposed method fully utilizes the duality of data points and model hypotheses on bipartite graphs, leading to superior fitting performance. Exhaustive experiments show that the proposed CBG method performs favorably when compared with several state-of-the-art fitting methods. |
19,849 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Modeling Approach to Process the Sensors Communication based on Their Locations, and key words: Measurement, Wireless sensor networks, Energy consumption, Base stations, Power demand, Wireless networks, Simulation. Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a specific type of wireless network which is deployed sensor nodes within a range for specific environments. Energy is the main challenge in WSNs. Sensors are powered by a limited battery. A hierarchical routing protocol is considered an energy-efficient technique for saving energy and prolonging the network lifetime. Clustering process is the most efficient technique to reduce the power consumption in a WSN. Selecting the Cluster Head (CH) in a developed or optimal manner will reduce the power consumption and prolong the sensor network lifetime. The sensors are usually randomly deployed in a certain area. Many sensor nodes are located near the Base Station (BS); others are located at the area edges while the rest are located between them. The focus of this paper is on proposing a solution for the first two essential problems (near BS and on Edges). The developed model aims to prevent these nodes from being CHs. The proposed solution, will decrease the energy consumption and prolong the lifetime of the network. The sensors near the base station are allowed to communicate with BS directly if the distance between them is less than the sensor’s communication range. The presented study is simulated based on some metrics including a first dead node (FDN), half-dead node (HDN), last dead node (LDN), the average energy, and the total energy. The simulation results of the proposed model results are superior to the LEACH and EAMMH protocols results. |
19,850 | Please write an abstract with title: A study on TSC of aging composite insulators, and key words: Aging, Insulator testing, Electrodes, Electron traps, Laboratories, Power supplies, Dielectrics and electrical insulation, Microstructure, Heating, Temperature. Abstract: This paper is a roughly report on an experimental study on the thermally stimulated current (TSC) characteristics of composite insulators. The study is aim to investigate the possibility to evaluate the aging of composite insulator using the TSC characteristic of the composite insulators. In this paper, two different composite insulators were used as test samples. The experimental results of TSC show that the different samples have different TSC curves. Considering the hydrophobicity and SEM microstructure of test samples, it suggested that the TSC characteristics of composite insulators might be used as a referential criterion for evaluating the aging of composite insulators. |
19,851 | Please write an abstract with title: ATLAS TDAQ dataflow network architecture analysis and upgrade proposal, and key words: Data analysis, Proposals, Ethernet networks, Telecommunication traffic, Traffic control, Performance analysis, Bandwidth, Filters, Design for manufacture, Real time systems. Abstract: The real-time operation of the ATLAS dataflow system is highly dependent on the performance of the gigabit Ethernet network interconnecting its components (ap800 end nodes). After examining the functional and performance requirements of the network, several design alternatives (with respect to traffic repartition on core devices and available concentration technologies) are presented and analyzed. We introduce the use of 10 gigabit Ethernet as a flexible and simple technology for concentrating traffic. Network testing equipment as well as discrete model simulations is used to assess the performance of various implementation options. Based on performance, fault tolerance and flexibility considerations a preferred architecture is proposed for implementation |
19,852 | Please write an abstract with title: Visual communication design in tourism products based on computer vision and complex feature mining algorithm, and key words: Computer vision, Visualization, Visual communication, Service robots, Machine vision, Image capture, Optical imaging. Abstract: Visual communication design in tourism products based on computer vision and complex feature mining algorithm is studied in this paper. In essential aspect, the visual communication should be considered. A core typical industrial robot vision application system includes light source, optical imaging system, and image capture system. Hence, this paper considers the complex feature information analysis as the basis for processing the related data. Then, the designed framework is applied to the visual analysis of the tourism products. Furthermore, the proposed model is simulated from different perspectives. |
19,853 | Please write an abstract with title: Interleaved boost converter with zero diode reverse-recovery loss, and key words: Diodes, Switches, Inductors, Rectifiers, Magnetic switching, Zero voltage switching, Switching converters, MOSFET circuits, Power MOSFET, Electromagnetic interference. Abstract: A three-phase interleaved continuous-inductor-current-mode (CICM) boost converter with zero diode reverse-recovery loss is proposed. In the converter, the di/dt of the output rectifiers is controlled by an integrated magnetic component. All the output rectifiers can be turned off softly and a very high efficiency is obtained. The equivalent-circuit model of the integrated inductors, the operation principle of the converter, and the design issues are discussed. Simulation and experimental results are presented. |
19,854 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure operation of flexible technologies in distribution power networks, and key words: Distribution networks, Complexity theory, Smart grids, Security, Reliability, Task analysis, Monitoring. Abstract: Energy environment is proceeding significant changes, which establish new market arrangements following by penetration of novel technological trends. The complexity of the environment is rapidly increasing. Novel market arrangements brings unprecedented opportunities to prosumers for commercialization of their power flexibility potential. While prosumers aim to maximize their economical benefits, distribution system operators are facing increasing requirements on efficient operation of distribution system. This paper presents a novel coordination possibility, which reduces its complexity via region-based method of secure power injections. Introduced method actively monitors a distribution power network operation and efficiently evaluate nodal security margins of power injections, which determine secure area, where prosumers can change their power injections arbitrary without violation of network security criteria. Functionality of the proposed method is illustrated in a case study focused on distribution power network monitoring. |
19,855 | Please write an abstract with title: Influence of Governor Deadbands on Power Grids with High Renewable Penetration, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Power system stability, Synchronous generators, Stability analysis, Steady-state, Time factors, Frequency control. Abstract: Governor deadbands are essential for maintaining power system stability. The Australian power system utilizes large governor deadband settings across its fleet of synchronous generators, which is atypical compared to other international 50 Hz power systems. In this paper, the effect of governor deadband settings is investigated for the Australian system under the influence of different levels of renewable power penetration. Frequency studies facilitated by the use of a renewable-integrated, reduced-order, hybrid model demonstrate the significant impact governor deadbands have on system frequency. Renewable power penetration and the nature and location of active power imbalance have less impact on the system's frequency distribution. For hybrid power systems such as Australia's, implementation of small governor deadbands is recommended to improve system frequency regulation. |
19,856 | Please write an abstract with title: Predicting and Analyzing Absenteeism at Workplace Using Machine Learning Algorithms, and key words: Productivity, Machine learning algorithms, Sensitivity, Employment, Education, Prediction algorithms, Classification algorithms. Abstract: Absenteeism is the usual or recurrent absence from work is continuously causing disruption in the smooth running of business, affecting the organizational performance and productivity and impacting on the employees' morale. The Oil Refinery in Albania (ARMO), employing 1200 employees is facing high rate of absences. If necessary measures are not being serious dealt with, the issue of absenteeism may jeopardize the operation and production. Prediction of absenteeism is too complex influenced by many factors. Usage of data mining and machine learning algorithms is a good solution to predict and analyze it. The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate the appropriate ML algorithms to predict and analyses absenteeism at workplace. The dataset taken into account consists of some attributes such as: age, education, employment category, day, month, length of service ect, and 125000 records are considered. Analysis and comparison of various algorithms in terms of accuracy, precision and sensitivity are done in Weka tool. |
19,857 | Please write an abstract with title: A Link-Independent Hybrid Inductive and Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer System for Autonomous Mobility, and key words: Legged locomotion, Switches, Inverters, Wireless power transfer, Couplings, Topology, Bridge circuits. Abstract: A link-independent hybrid wireless power transfer system (HPT) that uses both capacitive and inductive action for autonomous vehicle charging application is presented in this article. A three-leg inverter topology is utilized here. Two legs of the inverter, switched at 85 kHz, are used for inductive wireless power transfer (IPT) and the third leg, switched at 1 MHz, is used for capacitive wireless power transfer (CPT). The three-leg inverter module is realized using SiC and GaN switches. The dual switching frequency operation of the converter enables independent compensation techniques to be adopted for IPT and CPT, bringing the modularity feature in the HPT. The circular inductive-link outer diameter is 460 mm and the parallel plate capacitive-link dimension is 600 mm × 600 mm. The power transfer distance or air gap is 100 mm between both links. The output power ratio of IPT to CPT is 2:1. The effectiveness of the proposed topology is validated experimentally. The advantages of this HPT system are modular-link architecture, improved misalignment performance, and distinct frequency of operation for each link that allows the inductive link to meet the SAEJ2954 standard frequency limits compared with the existing HPT systems proposed for electric vehicle charging to support autonomous mobility. |
19,858 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigating Needs of Academic Support Using Personalized Learning System to Enhance Academic Success Among Fresh Year Student, and key words: Learning systems, Electronic publishing, Instruments, Anxiety disorders, Urban areas, Sociology, Writing. Abstract: Stepping into higher education, students need good readiness and study skills to be able to adapt to increasingly complex academic demands. This study aims to investigate student needs for skills and academic support that can be provided through a personalized learning system model platform. This study uses a descriptive research design with the sample population being freshmen in 2021 in Malang City. Sampling using random sampling technique with data collection through online questionnaires and analyzed descriptively. The results showed the problems faced by students related to writing scientific papers, academic anxiety, and low self-regulation in learning. Based on these conditions, new students need support and learning skills to achieve academic success. The learning skills needed by students include the ability to overcome academic anxiety, self-regulated learning and writing scientific papers. Students really need a learning support platform in the form of an application based on a personalized learning system. The learning media chosen by students are videos and e-books. |
19,859 | Please write an abstract with title: Differentiable Channel Sparsity Search via Weight Sharing within Filters, and key words: Image resolution, Shape, Semantic segmentation, Memory management, Filtering algorithms, Information filters, Stability analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we propose the differentiable channel sparsity search (DCSS) for convolutional neural networks. Unlike traditional channel pruning algorithms which require users to manually set prune ratios for each convolutional layer, DCSS automatically searches the optimal combination of sparsities. Inspired by the differentiable architecture search (DARTS), we draw lessons from the continuous relaxation and leverage the gradient information to balance the computational cost and metrics. Since directly applying the scheme of DARTS causes shape mismatching and excessive memory consumption, we introduce a novel technique called weight sharing within filters. This technique elegantly eliminates the problem of shape mismatching with negligible additional resources. We conduct comprehensive experiments on not only image classification but also find-grained tasks including semantic segmentation and image super resolution to verify the effectiveness of DCSS. Compared with previous network pruning approaches, DCSS achieves state-of-the-art results for image classification. Experimental results of semantic segmentation and image super resolution indicate that task-specific search achieves better performance than transferring slim models, demonstrating the wide applicability and high efficiency of DCSS. The codes of DCSS are publicly available at: https://github.com/zhaoyu775885/DCSS. |
19,860 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent Streaming Video Data over the Web, and key words: Streaming media, Network servers, Bandwidth, Internet, Adaptive coding, Buffer storage, Access protocols, Layout, Computer science, Real time systems. Abstract: Delivering video over the Web has posted a big problem. Video files are extremely big and need hours or even tens of hours to download. The available bandwidth varies dynamically. The conventional proactive buffering approach used by current video players cannot fully satisfy user needs. This paper presents a system designed to allow efficient retrieving, browsing and real-time playing of videos through the Internet using a web browser. The scheme is domain-specific. |
19,861 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of the input and output stages in high efficiency power supplies, and key words: Power supplies, Switched-mode power supply, Telecommunications, Personal communication networks, Motor drives, Power system harmonics, Voltage, Inverters, Power conversion, Semiconductor devices. Abstract: Switched mode power supplies are found in all applications e.g. telecom-cabinets, PCs, monitors and fan motor drives. In most cases of medium and high power applications such supplies consist in three conversion stages. The first power stage is a so called PFC frontend, which reduces the harmonic currents. The second stage transforms the PFC-output voltage to an ac-voltage, which is adjusted to the requirements of the equipment. The third stage rectifies the ac-voltage of the previous inverter. To increase the efficiency of the power supply, each of these stages must be as efficient as possible. The paper describes methods to increase the efficiency of the first power conversion stage (PFC) by using modern semiconductor devices and by a new topology, which eliminates one PFC-rectification stage. Also, optimization criteria for the rectifier output stage will be given. |
19,862 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on all digital simulation of anti-ship missile combat based on target characteristic data, and key words: Missiles, Analytical models, Radar clutter, Digital simulation, Stability analysis, Trajectory, Surface treatment. Abstract: In this paper, an anti-ship missile combat experiment based on target characteristic data is simulated by all digital simulation. The main technological process is setting of the simulation environment to the simulation of missile launch, radar scanning sea surface, the simulation of target echo, the generation of clutter, and the analysis of the echo received by the radar seeker, the trajectory is modified, and finally the target is hit. Finally, according to the actual battlefield environment, the function test of the whole simulation system is carried out. The experimental results show that the whole simulation system can simulate the whole ballistic process of missile from launching to hitting the target, and the system has good reliability and stability. |
19,863 | Please write an abstract with title: Entropy Profiling for Detection of Fetal Arrhythmias in Short Length Fetal Heart Rate Recordings, and key words: Entropy, Fetal heart rate, Time series analysis, Electrodes, Hafnium, Feature extraction, Electrocardiography. Abstract: The use of fetal heart rate (FHR) recordings for assessing fetal wellbeing is an integral component of obstetric care. Recently, non-invasive fetal electrocardiography (NI-FECG) has demonstrated utility for accurately diagnosing fetal arrhythmias via clinician interpretation. In this work, we introduce the use of data-driven entropy profiling to automatically detect fetal arrhythmias in short length FHR recordings obtained via NI-FECG. Using an open access dataset of 11 normal and 11 arrhythmic fetuses, our method (TotalSampEn) achieves excellent classification performance (AUC = 0.98) for detecting fetal arrhythmias in a short time window (i.e. under 10 minutes). We demonstrate that our method outperforms SampEn (AUC = 0.72) and FuzzyEn (AUC = 0.74) based estimates, proving its effectiveness for this task. The rapid detection provided by our approach may enable efficient triage of concerning FHR recordings for clinician review. |
19,864 | Please write an abstract with title: Business network lifecycle model: construct validity using structural equation model, and key words: Analytical models, Numerical analysis, Soft sensors, Instruments, Reliability theory, Mathematical models, Reproducibility of results. Abstract: Analytical performance models have been developed in the literature to better understand the evolution of a business network concerning organizational and relational aspects. In view of the outstanding importance of life cycle analysis applied to the context of business networks, the present work aims to obtain evidence of construct validity with structural equation model of lifecycle model developed by Wegner et al., (2015). As a data source for the analysis, research instrument was applied to 369 members of business networks in the construction materials trade sector in Brazil. |
19,865 | Please write an abstract with title: KAPLAN: A 3D Point Descriptor for Shape Completion, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Shape, Two dimensional displays, Feature extraction, Geometry, Convolutional codes, Task analysis. Abstract: We present a novel 3D shape completion method that operates directly on unstructured point clouds, thus avoiding resource-intensive data structures like voxel grids. To this end, we introduce KAPLAN, a 3D point descriptor that aggregates local shape information via a series of 2D convolutions. The key idea is to project the points in a local neighborhood onto multiple planes with different orientations. In each of those planes, point properties like normals or point-to-plane distances are aggregated into a 2D grid and abstracted into a feature representation with an efficient 2D convolutional encoder. Since all planes are encoded jointly, the resulting representation nevertheless can capture their correlations and retains knowledge about the underlying 3D shape, without expensive 3D convolutions. Experiments on public datasets show that KAPLAN achieves state-of-the-art performance for 3D shape completion. |
19,866 | Please write an abstract with title: Oriental COCOSDA – Country Report 2020 Language Resources Developed in Taiwan, and key words: Microphones, Protocols, Pragmatics, Licenses, Databases, Task analysis, Speech enhancement. Abstract: Academia Sinica Audio-Visual Speech Corpus |
19,867 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison Between Gramian Angular Fields (GAF) and Markov Transition Field (MTF) Images Data by Using them as Input to the Deep Learning Neural Network Solar Flare Production Platform, and key words: Deep learning, Satellites, Storms, Neural networks, Focusing, Production, Markov processes. Abstract: The prediction of solar storms from real-time satellites data is an essential to protect various aviation, power, and communication infrastructures. For this reason, current research interest is focusing on creating systems that can predict solar fare accurately. This paper combers Gramian Angular Fields (GAF) images and Markov Transition Field (MTF) images that have been generated by converting pre-flare Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) data from 2010 to 2016. After that, the deep learning neural network for the solar flare production platform accepts both MTF and GAF images as input to generate the predictions. Furthermore, this paper; investigated using MTF and GAF images spritely as input to the solar flare production platform. After that, the results of MTF and GAF images were compared using various prediction verification measures. |
19,868 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient wideband signal parameter estimation using combined narrowband and wideband ambiguity functions, and key words: Wideband, Parameter estimation, Narrowband, Sonar, Signal processing, Delay, Signal analysis, Computational efficiency, Search problems, Reflection. Abstract: In active sonar processing, target signal parameters are usually obtained via the estimation of the peak position of the wideband ambiguity function (WAF). As the peak search of the WAF involves an exhaustive 2-d search in the delay-scale domain, which is computationally intensive, an alternative peak search procedure is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is based on the evaluation of the analytical expressions for the narrowband and wideband ambiguity functions of the transmitted wideband signal. The computational efficiency of this scheme is achieved by reducing a 2-d search problem into two 1-d searches. An FFT- based narrowband ambiguity function (NAF) processing is also proposed for approximately estimating the scale of multipath reflections. |
19,869 | Please write an abstract with title: Closed-Form Analytical Results for the Rejection of Narrow-Band Interference in PN Spread-Spectrum Systems - Part I: Linear Prediction Filters, and key words: Narrowband, Spread spectrum communication, Nonlinear filters, Interference suppression, Jamming, Digital filters, Digital communication, Signal to noise ratio, Correlators, Employment. Abstract: Closed-form analytical expressions for the suppression of narrow-band interference in PN spread-spectrum digital communication systems are established. Exact and approximate results are presented for a broad class of interference processes. |
19,870 | Please write an abstract with title: Common metrics framework for ATM performance assessment and monitoring, and key words: System performance, Condition monitoring, Measurement, Quality of service, FAA, Standardization, ISO standards, Information technology, Taxonomy, Terminology. Abstract: Across the air traffic management (ATM) discipline there is a long-standing problem of inconsistencies in assessing and monitoring system performance. Research has offered limited solutions so far, and has failed to offer an internationally acceptable performance definition methodology that provides the ability to: (1) compare the analogous performance metrics and evaluations obtained by various organizations; (2) roll-up measures to the organizational goals; and (3) comprehend the impact of a change in metric-value onto the overall performance. This paper describes the initial results of an on-going work proposed by FAA, Eurocontrol and their partners, that addresses the ATM performance measurement discrepancies. The problem is approached in a systematic manner by dissecting the ATM system into the smallest elements and processes, and by studying the International Standardization Organization (ISO) definition of quality of service (QoS) in information technology (IT). A common metric taxonomy is developed to provide for unambiguous translation of the terminology and metric specifications used by different organizations, and to facilitate developing a collection of the existing metrics to enable maintaining the connection between the identical metrics, metrics with identical definitions but different names, and metrics with identical names but different definitions. A common ATM performance framework is built upon the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) concepts of required ATM system performance (RASP) and required total system performance (RTSP). Illustrated through cause-effect diagrams, the framework maintains the connectivity between different levels of performance evaluation, performance aspects, and performance measures, and enables rolling-up measures to the performance requirements and organizational goals. A common 'dashboard' for presenting the achieved or expected performance is developed using radar diagrams to clearly and effectively accommodate simultaneous display of large amount of information. As such, this methodology enables common ATM performance monitoring, operational concept validation and comparison, and target setting. The proposed framework is briefly illustrated on the safety-evaluation example, and the further research guidelines are briefly described. |
19,871 | Please write an abstract with title: Lest we forget: NVSM from origins to the "beyond CMOS" era, and key words: CMOS technology, Integrated circuit technology, Nonvolatile memory, Semiconductor memory, Boundary conditions, Flash memory, CMOS integrated circuits, Electric breakdown, History, Research and development. Abstract: The nonvolatile semiconductor memory (NVSM) technical community has witnessed great progress in the past four decades, and is currently looking at the challenge of finding specific technologies that will be compatible with nano-scale CMOS. In this brief review, efforts to explore new memory alternatives was examined in historical context, and an invitation was extended for volunteers to provide inputs to this project. Nonvolatile semiconductor memory (NVSM) is going through transitions in technology and in market applications that require examination of alternative approaches. In the background of this ongoing competition is the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). The ITRS outlines the boundary conditions and parameters for successive generations of memory capable of maintaining historical growth rates for density. The ITRS, that once tracked only a few parameters for flash memory, has expanded the depth of coverage for flash and is now including a number of alternative technologies. In addition, a relatively new portion of the ITRS is devoted to emerging research devices (ERD). The ERD attempts to identify technologies that are in the research stage of maturity and examine whether those technologies have the potential to play a part in the integrated circuit systems that are expected to appear after the anticipated breakdown of conventional CMOS scaling. While this dynamic is a leading edge subject commanding the attention of a world wide community of technologists, it is not true that the task is entirely new; there are many similarities in the history of NVSM to the present situation. Looking back at the issues and state of research and development over the past five decades reveals that we solve what appears to be the same problem over and over again. The difference is that we approach these problems in the context of the current state of technology, and each re-invention of the wheel represents a new set of compromises to achieve practical systems. The tabulations and discussions presented in the ITRS are a composite of technical inputs from many highly qualified individuals. The mechanics of how this information is developed was described. This is to some extent a volunteer effort, and the participation of additional scientists and engineers is sought in the model developments and critiques for individual NVSM technologies. Interested persons are encouraged to express willingness to help by sending an email message that briefly describes their technical background and specific NVSM technology expertise. |
19,872 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Comparison of W-band Luneburg Lens Antenna: Additive versus Subtractive Manufacturing, and key words: Microwave antennas, Additives, Shape, Three-dimensional printing, Broadband communication, Broadband antennas, Permittivity. Abstract: This paper presents a comparison of millimeter-wave Luneburg lens antennas designed for an additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies. The proposed antennas are investigated in terms of technology and material limitations. An experimental characterization of the additively and subtractively manufactured Luneburg lens is carried out in W-band (75-110 GHz). The proposed lens antennas achieved realized gain of 18.18 dBi and 24.6 dBi at a frequency of 80 GHz, respectively. The right choice of the lenses building blocks and its material properties have significant effect on the overall antenna performance. |
19,873 | Please write an abstract with title: Single Stage Single Switch Quadruple Output Power Supply for Electric Vehicle Applications, and key words: Costs, Power supplies, Soft switching, Transportation, Switches, Electric vehicles, Sensors. Abstract: The article explains the single stage AC-DC switched mode isolated constant voltage four outputs product design approach. It works on primary sensing though magnetics and soft switching. The input voltage can change from extended universal input voltage range from 85V to 300V AC. The output voltage and current of outputs are 24V/1A, 12V/1A, 5V/0.5A, 3.3V/0.33A. The overall power output is up to 40W. The primary sensing helps low overall cost and circuit complexity. The input low voltage protection as well as overload protection is inbuilt in this powerful converter. The overall efficiency is more than 85% and power factor more than 0.95 at nominal input and full load. This power supply can be used for multi-output constant voltage requirement of electric vehicles, relay operations, constant voltage LED and other consumer electronics. |
19,874 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of Big Data Analysis Technology in Teaching Management, and key words: Costs, Statistical analysis, Databases, Education, Big Data, Resource management, Data mining. Abstract: With the popularization of artificial intelligence and big data (BD) analysis technology in various fields, these fields have greatly improved work efficiency. Nowadays, the enrollment scale of schools is constantly expanding. How to obtain the largest development results with the least cost has become a new topic that needs to be solved urgently, and it also brings new development and challenges to teaching management. This topic is mainly to understand the application of big data (ABD) analysis technology in teaching management, and to make better use of the advantages of BD in teaching management. This article mainly adopts experimental research method and statistical analysis method to analyze the experimental performance test of the teaching system and the attitude of teachers and students (TS) to the performance of the teaching system. According to the survey results, the performance of the system can meet the needs of basic users, and most TS like the performance of the teaching system. Therefore, it is necessary to study the ABD analysis technology in teaching management. |
19,875 | Please write an abstract with title: IDNet: A Single-Shot Object Detector Based on Feature Fusion, and key words: Conferences, Object detection, Detectors, Tools, Benchmark testing, Feature extraction, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel single shot network for object detection. The proposed network, termed IDNet, explores the strategies of the feature fusion to alleviate the scale variation problem in object detection. IDNet mainly consists of two feature fusion modules: an indirect feature fusion module (IF) and a direct feature fusion module (DF). The IF shares long-range dependencies within pyramidal layers and based on these information, IDNet learns to emphasize informative regions and suppress the less useful ones on each layer. The DF is a feature fusion strategy based on modified lateral connection inspired by feature pyramid networks (FPN). It utilizes the averaging operation to reduce the change of feature maps' order of magnitude during fusing features to further improve the performance for detecting small instances. Comprehensive experiments are performed and the results indicate the effectiveness of IDNet, which reaches 80.3 mAP on PASCAL VOC 2007 benchmark. |
19,876 | Please write an abstract with title: Image augmentation using GAN models in Computer Vision, and key words: Deep learning, Training, Image quality, Computer vision, Computational modeling, Training data, Computer architecture. Abstract: The efficiency of deep learning algorithms will increase when it is trained on a large size of data. Over fitting problems will also be solved working on a large dataset. To collect a huge quantity of data for training a model is more challenging job. Collecting data will take more time as well as resources. The data augmentation technique will increase the diversity of data that to be trained on deep learning algorithms. This will also help in not collecting new data. This led to the need for generative models. When the set of training data is given to this generative model, it will learn to produce the same statistical data as the set of training data. GANs are used in many fields including computer vision, medical, agriculture etc. In this paper along with the traditional GANs two architecture variant and two loss-variant GANs are reviewed and experiments are conducted to generate images. Detailed reviews on the performance metrics of GAN models are also discussed and observed that FID plot doesn’t give much insight to compare the generated images. Despite of the significant success achieved till date, applying GAN model to real time dataset has some challenging problems. Challenges faced while training GANs including mode collapse, image quality and vanishing gradients are discussed. |
19,877 | Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication and Characterization of Additively Manufactured Electrical Insulation System Components Using SLA and FDM Printers, and key words: Fabrication, Partial discharges, Insulation, Breakdown voltage, Voltage measurement, Lattices, Three-dimensional printing. Abstract: Additive manufacturing techniques were explored to develop new methods to develop electrical insulation components. Fused Deposition Molding (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA) were used with multiple materials to fabricate disc-shape electrical insulation specimens. Specimens were fabricated in solid and lattice forms. The specimens were characterized for partial discharge inception voltage and breakdown strength in a uniform electric field with the Bruce file electrodes. The results show promise the additive manufacturing for electrical insulation systems. The fabrication and characterization methods are discussed. Some fabrication challenges and future directions of the research are also discussed. |
19,878 | Please write an abstract with title: The Effects of the Combination of Online Visual and Audio Cues on Salesperson Credibility, and key words: COVID-19, Business communication, Visualization, Pandemics, Real-time systems, Informatics, Analysis of variance. Abstract: There has been great concern about online business communication since the Covid-19 pandemic occurred. Salespeople using online tools have been facing difficulties conveying credibility to their customers, which is considered essential for business. Some studies have claimed that online tools allow one to change one's nonverbal cues in real-time; that is, many combinations of visual and audio cues can be applied that are not possible in face-to-face situations. This study was undertaken to clarify the effect of the combination of visual and audio cues on salesperson credibility in online tools. In this study, each male and female salesperson made a business presentation using Zoom with eight patterns of visual and audio combinations: three kinds of still images as visual (Name only /Profile photo with no expression/Profile photo with a smile) x two kinds of voices as audio (Dull/Bright) and two kinds of videos (with no facial expression and dull voice/ with facial expression and bright voice). Eight patterns of presentations by the male salesperson were watched by 55 participants, and the ones by the female salesperson were watched by 52 participants. Then, a questionnaire about salesperson credibility was conducted. As a result, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the Tukey-Kramer test showed that salesperson credibility was affected by the combinations of visual and audio cues for both the male and female. Salesperson credibility consists of three factors: Trustworthiness, Competence, and Attraction. As for the male salesperson, audio cues affected credibility more than visual cues in most cases. Especially on the second factor, Competence, it was found that bright audio cues increased the salesperson’s credibility, whichever visual cues were used. As for the female salesperson, not only audio cues but also visual cues affected her credibility. In particular, "Name x dull voice" significantly reduced her credibility. |
19,879 | Please write an abstract with title: Immersion optical clearing of the human skin: in vivo studies, and key words: Humans, Skin, In vivo, Optical refraction, Optical scattering, Optical variables control, Dermis, Optical control, Sugar, Optical devices. Abstract: Summary form only given. Controlling of skin optical properties related to the immersion of refractive indices of scatterers (keratinocytes components in epidermis, collagen and elastin fibers in dermis) and ground matter is a key technique for structural and functional imaging. For in vivo studies of clearing of the human skin two optical techniques were used: reflectance spectroscopy and OCT. The intra dermis injection of 40% glucose was applied as the immersion procedure. Based on our proposed skin clearing model, we suggest that the main contribution to clearing in the first stage (first hour) is due to the refractive index matching between collagen fibrils of the dermis (n = 1.46) and the interstitial space (initially n = 1.36) to which glucose (n = 1.39) diffuses. |
19,880 | Please write an abstract with title: A 300 GHz Push-Push Coupling VCO Employing T-Embedded Network in CMOS Technology, and key words: Voltage-controlled oscillators, Frequency measurement, Power generation, Harmonic analysis, Couplings, Power amplifiers, Voltage measurement. Abstract: This letter proposes a 300 GHz high output power and high efficiency push-push coupling voltage-controlled oscillator using T-embedded network. To achieve high output power, eight single-ended T-embedding oscillators are coupled together. The second harmonic of oscillators is extracted by push-push topology and the output power is combined. The procedure of realizing optimal second harmonic output power is introduced and the approach to synthesizing components’ parameter of embedded network is presented. Measurement result shows that the proposed coupling oscillator can be tuned from 297 to 305 GHz and delivers 2.8 dBm output power with peak efficiency of 2.85%. The measured phase noise at 10 MHz offset frequency is about −96 dBc/Hz for center frequency. |
19,881 | Please write an abstract with title: Data Security in Cloud Environment Using Light Weight Secret Key, and key words: Public key, Receivers, Organizations, Cathode ray tubes, Data transfer, Encryption, Time complexity. Abstract: RSA is one of the popular technique used by cloud service provider to guarantee the security and privacy of user data. In this technique, large prime factors are required to generate public key and private key before transmission of data over the insecure channel. This has been analyze that private key is always equal or extremely large than the public key which increase the time complexity during the decryption process at receiver end. This paper propose a light weight secret key (LWSK) build with chinese remainder theorem (CRT) to compute the RSA encryption and decryption modular expressions for 2048 bit and 4096 bit. The proposed LWSK framework found the same computation time for encryption but during decryption process LWSK reduce the computation time. On the basis of computed time complexity, this has been observed that the proposed LWSK technique is faster approximately three times during decryption than RSA process. |
19,882 | Please write an abstract with title: Speaker identification using cepstral analysis, and key words: Cepstral analysis, Speech recognition, Biometrics, Speech processing, Human voice, Potential well, Iris, Fingerprint recognition, Security, Digital signal processing. Abstract: Human voice is characteristic for an individual. The ability to recognize a speaker by his/her voice can be a valuable biometric tool with enormous commercial as well as academic potential. Commercially, it can be utilized for ensuring secure access to any system. Academically, it can shed light on the speech processing abilities of the brain as well as the speech mechanism. In fact, this feature is being used preliminarily, along with other biometrics, including face, iris and fingerprint recognition, for commercial security products. How humans recognize someone from his/her voice has been an elusive ability to define and reproduce artificially. Research is still ongoing in this area. The paper views the speaker identification problem from the perspective of digital signal processing. A solution based on cepstral analysis is investigated and results presented. The fair success rate of the solution argues that the cepstral analysis approach is promising. |
19,883 | Please write an abstract with title: FIR digital filter design with Parzen and Cos/sup 6/ (/spl pi/ t) combinational window family, and key words: Finite impulse response filter, Digital filters, Band pass filters, Attenuation, Shape, Equations, Low pass filters, Bandwidth, Fourier transforms, Frequency. Abstract: Design of FIR filters using Parzen-Cos/sup 6/(/spl pi/t) combinational window family is proposed. Design relationships have been established. The performance of this family is compared with the modified zeroth-order Bessel (I/sub o/-sinh) family. It is observed that the performance of combinational window filter is far superior to its Kaiser window counterpart in the stopband region. |
19,884 | Please write an abstract with title: Weakly-Supervised Surface Crack Segmentation by Generating Pseudo-Labels Using Localization With a Classifier and Thresholding, and key words: Image segmentation, Surface cracks, Location awareness, Training, Surface morphology, Standards, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Surface cracks are a common sight on public infrastructure nowadays. Recent work has been addressing this problem by supporting structural maintenance measures using machine learning methods. Those methods are used to segment surface cracks from their background, making them easier to localize. However, a common issue is that to create a well-functioning algorithm, the training data needs to have detailed annotations of pixels that belong to cracks. Our work proposes a weakly supervised approach that leverages a CNN classifier in a novel way to create surface crack pseudo labels. First, we use the classifier to create a rough crack localization map by using its class activation maps and a patch based classification approach and fuse this with a thresholding based approach to segment the mostly darker crack pixels. The classifier assists in suppressing noise from the background regions, which commonly are incorrectly highlighted as cracks by standard thresholding methods. Then, the pseudo labels can be used in an end-to-end approach when training a standard CNN for surface crack segmentation. Our method is shown to yield sufficiently accurate pseudo labels. Those labels, incorporated into segmentation CNN training using multiple recent crack segmentation architectures, achieve comparable performance to fully supervised methods on four popular crack segmentation datasets. |
19,885 | Please write an abstract with title: CAFM: A 3D Morphable Model for Animals, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Face, Cats, Shape, Solid modeling, Two dimensional displays. Abstract: We present Cat-like Animals Facial Model (CAFM) - a 3D Morphable Model (3DMM) constructed from 50 samples, including lion, tiger, puma, American Shorthair, Abyssinian cat, etc. To the best of our knowledge, CAFM is the first animal morphable model ever constructed. New animal face images can be registered automatically by fitting pose and shape parameters of CAFM. Moreover, the parametric model regulates the naturalness of the generated animal faces avoiding unreasonable appearance.Computer vision has recently experienced great advances in automatic facial landmark detection. In this paper, to demonstrate CAFM's application to 3D reconstruction of cat face images, and to put effort towards uniform annotation scheme of immense databases and fair experimental comparison of cat-like animals' facial landmark systems, we improve the labeled cat face data set of10,000 images with 15 landmarks. Besides, we propose an algorithm matching our model to the input cat face images. With the projection parameters and shape parameter of CAFM, we can generate corresponding 3D meshes. |
19,886 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of optimal controllers for interval plant via a two-phase evolutionary approach, and key words: Optimal control, Control systems, Algorithm design and analysis, Error correction, Minimax techniques, Design optimization, Genetic algorithms, Robust stability, Polynomials, Biological cells. Abstract: Design of optimal controllers minimizing the integral of squared error (ISE) of the closed-loop system for interval plant via an evolutionary approach is proposed in this paper. By using a worst-case design approach, the design problem is formulated as a minimax optimization problem, and subsequently solved by two interactive genetic algorithms. To ensure robust stability of the closed-loop system, root locations associated with the characteristic polynomial are used to construct a penalty function for incorporation into the fitness function to effectively evaluate chromosomes in the current population. Thus, the optimal controllers evolutionarily derived not only stabilize the interval plant, but also minimize the ISE criterion of the closed-loop system. |
19,887 | Please write an abstract with title: Dual Multi-Task Network with Bridge-Temporal-Attention for Student Emotion Recognition via Classroom Video, and key words: Learning systems, Deep learning, Emotion recognition, Statistical analysis, Education, Neural networks, Buildings. Abstract: Emotion recognition is one of the most significant technologies for building a smart education environment. The quantitative analysis of students' emotion in classroom is helpful to improve teaching effect. Though temporal features of emotion generation and disappearance process has been demonstrated to be of great benefit for emotion recognition, it has received little attention. Recently, a large of data has been accumulated in education, like classroom video. Considering the practical scenarios, it is more challenge to obtain the temporal information of video emotion. Therefore, this paper firstly uses the deep learning and Attention Mechanism methods to automatically modelling the temporal process. Besides, we make use of multitask learning to build a DMTN-BTA model for students' emotion recognition through classroom videos. While, temporal segment labels are unnecessary in the model. The method consists of the CNN for spatio-temporal features extraction on emotion recognition and temporal segmentation tasks and BLSTM-RNN with a novel ‘Bridge-Temporal-Attention’ for the emotion recognition task. Experiment results show that our model outperforms the prior single-task learning methods on the BNU-LSVED 2.0 and the current state-of-the-art methods on the official FABO. |
19,888 | Please write an abstract with title: On the chances of being struck by cloud-to-ground lightning, and key words: Lightning, Character generation, Testing, Analytical models, Wideband, Storms, Integral equations, NASA, Physics, USA Councils. Abstract: An assumption of complete spatial randomness has been used to obtain analytic expressions that describe the probability that the closest lightning strike is within any distance of an arbitrary point or a simulated power line, if the area density of strikes in the region is known. Preliminary tests of these functions show that they describe experimental data rather well, but such tests are limited by the accuracy of the measurements. |
19,889 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of the readout system for the K2K SciBar detector, and key words: Solid scintillation detectors, Neutrino sources, Bars, Timing, Printed circuits, Readout electronics, Energy measurement, Particle measurements, Pulse circuits, Anodes. Abstract: Readout electronics for the scintillation bar tracking detector (SciBar) in the K2K neutrino oscillation experiment has been developed. SciBar has 14 336 scintillator bars in total. The deposited energy and timing of particles from neutrino interactions in the scintillator bars are measured by 64-channel multianode photo-multiplier tubes (MAPMTs). Compact custom-designed electronics to record the MAPMT signals were developed, consisting of front-end circuit boards attached to each MAPMT and back-end electronics modules sitting in a VME crate. The front-end circuit board multiplexes pulse-height information from all 64 anodes and generates a fast triggering signal. Two sets of ASICs (IDEAS VA32HDR11 and TA32CG) are employed for these functions. The bias voltages and relay of control signals are also handled on the board. The back-end electronics module controls the front-end board by providing the control, timing, and low-voltage signals. The board also digitizes the multiplexed signal from the front-end. The electronics achieves low noise of less than 0.3 photo-electrons and good linearity up to 300 (150) photo-electrons for MAPMTs at the gain of 5/spl times/10/sup 5/ (10/sup 6/). |
19,890 | Please write an abstract with title: Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Hierarchical Spatial-Spectral Transformer, and key words: Deep learning, Correlation, Geoscience and remote sensing, Computer architecture, Benchmark testing, Transformers, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification tasks. However, the spatial-spectral features within an HSI have not been well explored using convolutions in CNNs. In the paper, a novel end-to-end hierarchical spatial-spectral transformer (HSST) is proposed for HSI classification, in which effective spatial-spectral features are emphasized using multi-head self-attention mechanism (MHSA). MHSA module captures better internal correlation of HSI data than the traditional convolution operation and can compute weighting scores for spatial and spectral context of pixels. Furthermore, a hierarchical architecture is designed to reduce a large number of parameters in the original transformer-style networks while still achieving satisfying classification results. Experimental results over two benchmark HSI datasets demonstrated the proposed HSST obviously outperforms several state-of-the-art deep learning-based HSI classification algorithms. |
19,891 | Please write an abstract with title: Co-Inflow: Coarse-grained Information Flow Control for Java-like Languages, and key words: Java, Privacy, Runtime, Annotations, Prototypes, Calculus, Dynamic programming. Abstract: Coarse-grained dynamic information-flow control (IFC) is a good match for imperative object-oriented programming languages such as Java. Java language abstractions align well with coarse-grained IFC concepts, and so Java can be cleanly extended with coarse-grained dynamic IFC without requiring significantly different design patterns or excessive security annotations, and without excessive performance overhead.We present Co-Inflow: an extension of Java with coarse-grained dynamic IFC. By careful design choices and defaults, a programmer typically needs to add very few annotations to a Java program to convert it to a Co-Inflow program with relatively good precision. Additional annotations can improve precision. We achieve this tradeoff between precision and annotation burden by instantiating and specializing recent advances in coarse-grained IFC for a Java-like setting, and by using opaque labeled values: a restriction of labeled values that the Co-Inflow runtime automatically and securely creates and uses.We have captured the essence of Co-Inflow in a middle-weight imperative calculus, and proven that it provides a termination- insensitive non-interference security guarantee. We have a prototype implementation of Co-Inflow and use it to evaluate the precision, usability, and potential performance of Co-Inflow. |
19,892 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical feedback-induced noise in laser diodes in optical-disc systems, and key words: Optical noise, Diode lasers, Optical feedback, Optical sensors, Electron optics, Laser feedback, Laser noise, Low-frequency noise, Frequency, Phase noise. Abstract: We analyze intensity and frequency noises induced in laser diodes due to optical feedback phenomenon in optical disk systems. The analysis is based on numerical integration of time-delay rate equations of the photon number, optical phase and injected electron number. Light versus current characteristics under different strengths of optical feedback are simulated. Bifurcation analysis is employed to examine influence of optical feedback on laser dynamics. The corresponding influence on both spectral profiles and low-frequency parts of intensity and frequency noises are presented. We discuss also influences of injection current, distance of the disc-to-laser, and optical feedback-induced phase change of laser light on noise properties. Noises are enhanced when chaos is induced, while they attain minimum levels under continuous wave operation just before the laser starts routes-to chaos. Noise characteristics are found to be sensitive to optical feedback-induced phase change. |
19,893 | Please write an abstract with title: VaBUS: Edge-Cloud Real-Time Video Analytics via Background Understanding and Subtraction, and key words: Streaming media, Bandwidth, Visual analytics, Image edge detection, Cameras, Real-time systems, Collaboration. Abstract: Edge-cloud collaborative video analytics is transforming the way data is being handled, processed, and transmitted from the ever-growing number of surveillance cameras around the world. To avoid wasting limited bandwidth on unrelated content transmission, existing video analytics solutions usually perform temporal or spatial filtering to realize aggressive compression of irrelevant pixels. However, most of them work in a context-agnostic way while being oblivious to the circumstances where the video content is happening and the context-dependent characteristics under the hood. In this work, we propose VaBUS, a real-time video analytics system that leverages the rich contextual information of surveillance cameras to reduce bandwidth consumption for semantic compression. As a task-oriented communication system, VaBUS dynamically maintains the background image of the video on the edge with minimal system overhead and sends only highly confident Region of Interests (RoIs) to the cloud through adaptive weighting and encoding. With a lightweight experience-driven learning module, VaBUS is able to achieve high offline inference accuracy even when network congestion occurs. Experimental results show that VaBUS reduces bandwidth consumption by 25.0%-76.9% while achieving 90.7% accuracy for both the object detection and human keypoint detection tasks. |
19,894 | Please write an abstract with title: PIV4DB: Probabilistic Integrity Verification for Cloud Database, and key words: Computers, Costs, Databases, Data integrity, Computational modeling, Standards organizations, Organizations. Abstract: Many organizations and enterprises use cloud databases to store data to improve management efficiency and save costs. However, cloud service providers may hide the fact that data integrity has been compromised for protecting their business reputation. Thus, how to verify the data integrity of cloud database in an effective way is very important for data owner. Existing integrity verification methods usually require cloud service provider to develop additional interfaces which are hard to be actually deployed. In addition, they cannot effectively detect tampering and deletion of a small amount of data. This paper presents a novel probabilistic integrity verification scheme (called PIV4DB) to address above challenges. Different from traditional methods, PIV4DB efficiently verifies the data integrity of cloud database by randomly selecting part of groups of tuples instead of querying all the tuples. Experimental results demonstrated that with validating 0.5% among 100k groups, PIV4DB could detect the corruption with 99% probability when the integrity of 920 out of billions of tuples are compromised. In addition, PIV4DB does not need extra cooperation with cloud service provider by just adding a new column of random numbers to the database and only using standard SQL statements to verify integrity. |
19,895 | Please write an abstract with title: A new combination scheme for HMM-based classifiers and its application to handwriting recognition, and key words: Hidden Markov models, Handwriting recognition, Text recognition, Vocabulary, Application software, Computer science, Character recognition, Voting, Bayesian methods, Pattern matching. Abstract: Handwritten text recognition is one of the most difficult problems in the field of pattern recognition. The combination of multiple classifiers has been proven to be able to increase the recognition rate when compared to single classifiers. In this paper a new combination method for HMM based handwritten word recognizers is introduced. In contrast with many other multiple classifier combination schemes, where the combination takes place at the decision level, the proposed method combines various HMMs at a more elementary level. The usefulness of the new method is experimentally demonstrated in the context of a handwritten word recognition task. |
19,896 | Please write an abstract with title: Toward Interference-aware GPU Container Co-scheduling Learning from Application Profiles, and key words: Graphics processing units, Interference, Measurement, Throughput, Machine learning, Memory management, Containers. Abstract: Issues related to operating Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) applications efficiently and improving overall system throughput in a GPU cluster environment exist. The platform may not utilize resource of a GPU fully depending on application characteristics because a conventional cluster orchestration platform using GPUs only supports a single execution of an application on a GPU. However, co-execution of GPU applications causes interference coming from resource contention among the applications. If various resource usage of GPU applications is not reflected, it could lead to an unbalanced usage of computing resources and consequently reduce performance in a GPU cluster. This study proposes interference-aware architecture, Co-scheML and evaluates case studies with it for workload execution of GPU applications such as High Performance Computing (HPC), Deep Learning (DL) Training, and DL Inference. Diverse resource usage is profiled to identify various degree of their interference of applications. Due to the difficulty of predicting the interference using these characteristics, interference model is generated by applying a Machine Learning (ML) model with defined GPU metrics. Proposed architecture predicts interference and deploys an application which is co-executed with a running application. Experimental results of case studies with Co-ScheML show that average job completion time is improved by 22%, and the makespan is shortened by 32% in average, as compared to baseline schedulers. |
19,897 | Please write an abstract with title: Computer based Technique to Examine Diabetic Retinopathy in Fundus Retinal Images, and key words: Feature extraction, Retina, Diabetes, Data mining, Biomedical imaging, Retinopathy, Sensitivity. Abstract: Eye is a necessary organ in the human sensory system which is responsible for receiving the light based information. Untreated eye diseases will lead to vision loss. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the age related eye disease which arise due to diabetes and the early detection and treatment will help in regulating the DR. The proposed work aims to develop a system for automated detection of the DR with the help of Fundus Retinal (FR) images. This work aims to develop and implement a simple and straight forward technique to detect the DR class images with greater accuracy. This work implements a set of procedures, such as pre-processing (blood-vessel mining), feature extraction, feature selection and classification. The proposed work is tested using the benchmark FRI databases such as; Diaretdb0 and Diaretdb1. During the examination, only the Green-Channel-Image (GCI) is considered and the proposed method offered a classification accuracy greater than 96% on the considered image datasets with the Support-Vector-Machine (SVM-linear) classifier. The experimental result of the proposed work on 150 numbers of RGB class FR images confirms that the proposed technique with the SVM-L classifier helps to attain a better result compared to DT, NB and KNN classifiers. |
19,898 | Please write an abstract with title: A Dynamic Series Voltage Compensator for the Mitigation of LCC-HVDC Commutation Failure, and key words: Capacitors, Circuit faults, Inverters, Valves, HVDC transmission, Thyristors, Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Voltage control. Abstract: To effectively mitigate the commutation failure (CF) of the line-commutated converter high-voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) transmission system, a dynamic series voltage compensator (DSVC) scheme is proposed. The DSVC consists of three integrated gate-commutated thyristor (IGCT)-based full-bridge submodule (FBSM) chains to match the bulk power transmission of the LCC-HVDC. Inserted between the transformer and the AC port of the inverter, the DSVC assists the commutation process by superposing the transient voltage to the AC line voltage and increasing the commutation margin of the inverter valve. Operation and control strategies, which are two critical techniques for the DSVC, are designed based on the working states of the FBSMs, assisting the commutation process and balancing the DSVC capacitor dynamic voltages. The CF detection method is another critical technique of the DSVC control and is improved considering the reverse time of the LCC-HVDC thyristors. Compared with the topologies proposed in existing literature, the DSVC has better performances in safe and stable operation due to the urgent control strategy considering situations beyond its ability. A detailed EMT simulation shows that the DSVC can respond quickly to mitigate CFs and validate the effectiveness of the overall design and key techniques. Furthermore, the operation and control strategy can limit the current stress once it is beyond the capability of the DSVC, which guarantees its feasibility and practicability. |
19,899 | Please write an abstract with title: A multiple BAM for hetero-association and multisensory integration modelling, and key words: Magnesium compounds, Associative memory, Neural networks, Testing, Electronic mail, Network topology, Robustness, Neuroimaging, Symmetric matrices, Cognitive science. Abstract: We present in this article a dynamic neural network that works as a memory for multiple associations. Heterogeneous pairs of patterns can be tied together through learning within this memory, and recalled easily. Starting from Kosko's bidirectional associative memory, we modify some fundamental features of the network (topology and learning algorithm). We show empirically that this network has a high storage capacity and is only weakly dependent upon learning hyperparameters. We demonstrate its robustness to corrupted or missing data. We finally present results from experiments where this network is used as a multisensory associative memory. |
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