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19,700 | Please write an abstract with title: Extreme-Point Pursuit for Unit-Modulus Optimization, and key words: Simulation, Precoding, Conferences, Force, Massive MIMO, Signal processing, Acoustics. Abstract: Unit-modulus constrained optimization is frequently encountered in many engineering problems. In our recent study for massive MIMO precoding, we devised a penalty method for unit-modulus optimization. In this paper, we revisit this penalty method in several other unit-modulus applications in signal processing. Moreover, as a new result, we show that the concept of our penalty method can be generalized to handle a much broader class of problems, such as those with semi-orthogonal matrix constraints. The rationale is to relax the constraint set as its convex hull, and at the same time, we add a penalty function to force the solution to be an extreme point—which lies in the original constraint set. We show conditions under which the penalty formulation is equivalent to the original problem. We test the penalty method on classic and one-bit MIMO detection under M-PSK constraints, and on phase retrieval. Simulation results indicate that the penalty method yields competitive performance on the aforementioned applications. |
19,701 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy-efficient and Robust Cumulative Training with Net2Net Transformation, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Knowledge engineering, Computer vision, Neural networks, Robustness, Energy efficiency. Abstract: Deep learning has achieved state-of-the-art accuracies on several computer vision tasks. However, the computational and energy requirements associated with training such deep neural networks can be quite high. In this paper, we propose a cumulative training strategy with Net2Net transformation that achieves training computational efficiency without incurring large accuracy loss, in comparison to a model trained from scratch. We achieve this by first training a small network (with lesser parameters) on a small subset of the original dataset, and then gradually expanding the network using Net2Net transformation to train incrementally on larger subsets of the dataset. This incremental training strategy with Net2Net utilizes function-preserving transformations that transfers knowledge from each previous small network to the next larger network, thereby, reducing the overall training complexity. Our experiments demonstrate that compared with training from scratch, cumulative training yields ~2x reduction in computational complexity for training TinyImageNet using VGG19 at iso-accuracy. Besides training efficiency, a key advantage of our cumulative training strategy is that we can perform pruning during Net2Net expansion to obtain a final network with optimal configuration (~0.4x lower inference compute complexity) compared to conventional training from scratch. We also demonstrate that the final network obtained from cumulative training yields better generalization performance and noise robustness. Further, we show that mutual inference from all the networks created with cumulative Net2Net expansion enables improved adversarial input detection. |
19,702 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel timing acquisition technique for perpendicular magnetic recording channels, and key words: Timing, Perpendicular magnetic recording, Signal to noise ratio, Sampling methods, Detectors, Magnetic recording, Analytical models, Memory, Signal detection, Magnetic analysis. Abstract: Timing recovery is essential to signal detection in magnetic recording. The paper presents the development of timing acquisition techniques for partial response (PR) equalized perpendicular magnetic recording channels. Because preamble sequences are used to help in the acquisition process, the optimality of different preamble sequences is investigated for different user densities. Variable threshold detectors (VTDs), designed to tackle hang up and false lock problems, are presented. A new timing error detector (TED), which is very. simple to implement, is developed by exploiting the features of the preamble sequence and PR target. Using analytical and simulation studies, the new TED is shown to be optimal for the chosen target and preamble. |
19,703 | Please write an abstract with title: The Reform of Ideological and Political Course Online Teaching During COVID-19 Outbreak A Case Study of Sichuan Technology and Business University, and key words: Education, Epidemics, Blockchain, Task analysis, Business, COVID-19, Electronic learning. Abstract: In the face of the sudden covid-19 outbreak, the Ministry of Education pointed out that we should promote the application of the“three types of classrooms”in Working Focus for 2020. Sichuan Technology and Business University earnestly implements the overall scheme of the provincial department of education on epidemic prevention and control, and puts forward the “three groups in the cloud” ideology model centering on the overall work of the school and the epidemic situation. According to this model, teachers take active actions to strengthen the teaching reform, promote the block chain technology, upgrade the MOOC to SPOC, strengthen in-class practice teaching and the construction of “three teams” of extracurricular practice teaching and improve the quality of teaching. |
19,704 | Please write an abstract with title: Autonomous and responsive multi-robot system for minehunting, and key words: Simulation, Oceans, Maintenance engineering, Robustness, Planning, Multi-robot systems, Resource management. Abstract: This paper presents an approach to handle a minehunting mission with a decentralized multirobot system. To efficiently take decisions, the described framework merges auctions to allocate tasks with hierarchical planning. The approach is responsive and robust to the occurrence of events thanks to supervision and repair processes. Simulation results illustrate how the proposed decisional architecture operates. |
19,705 | Please write an abstract with title: Cold Test Design of the Open Resonant Cavity in a High-Order Mode Gyrotron, and key words: Digital control, Q-factor, Conferences, Gyrotrons, Resonant frequency, Electric variables measurement, Vacuum electronics. Abstract: A design of the cold test for frequency, Q-factor and electric field distribution of high-order mode resonator of gyrotron with a computer control is presented. The designed results show that the difference between maximum and minimum of electric filed can clearly be distinguished, which can be applied to the measurement of the electric field pattern on crossed section. |
19,706 | Please write an abstract with title: Modulation Technique to Improve the Performance of a Voltage Controlled Wind Energy Conversion System, and key words: Space vector pulse width modulation, Transient response, Liquid crystal on silicon, Observers, Harmonic analysis, Inverters, Time factors. Abstract: The challenges faced in an isolated wind energy conversion system (WECS) are larger transient times, high steady-state error, and larger harmonic content. To overcome these issues, an Adaptive Voltage Controller (AVC) along with the Load Current Observer (LCO) could be the better proposition. However, the A VC and LCO in conjunction with the conventional Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique to operate the three-phase inverter of WECS would not be able to further improve these parameters. This paper proposes the use of Unified Voltage SVPWM (UVSVPWM) technique along with the A VC and LCO, which could improve the transient behavior as well as reduce the harmonic content of the load voltage and current. This paper considers an isolated WECS connected to the linear load which is operated under balanced as well as unbalanced load conditions. The proposed control technique is verified for both of the balanced and unbalanced cases using MATLAB/Simulink. |
19,707 | Please write an abstract with title: The Investigation of Logistic Regression Methods Applied to Engineering Education using Project Based Learning for Airport Systems Design, and key words: Computer languages, Systematics, Machine learning, Airports, Safety, Security, Engineering education. Abstract: This is a work in progress on the research-to-practice to advance engineering development using logistic regression design methods in engineering education through project-based learning (PBL) activities. The aviation community has witnessed a growing concern with safety and security issues due to system vulnerability of manned and unmanned aircrafts. The implementation PBL in engineering education with major airports identified the benefits of this investigation as a multidisciplinary approach to address system vulnerabilities and analysis design approaches. This investigation includes defined methods and the factors to assess undergoing efforts of environment threats associated with complex networked systems in aviation through analysis design activities with machine learning. The ability to examine the analysis design allows learners in engineering education to deploy methods that will assess the combination of techniques and security consideration through machine learning. This project comprised of a collected dataset of network traces and malicious traffic that requires a solution and strategic model based on various scenarios to improve the software architecture design. Aviation safety and security standards are critical to the degree in which threats are constituted as each node within the network determined specific case studies for evaluation. This approach will feature a dataset that assess the spam detection categorization from a human behavior perspective and the factors to formulate data mining techniques and models in R programming language. The framework adopts the use of logistic regression and proposed techniques of the performance baseline to explore a systematic approach in the engineering design process. PBL in engineering education revealed a viewpoint from interdisciplinary approach as this study will have a wide range of features in the design analysis (e.g., revealing unwanted electronic information spread causing concerns and environmental threats to the aviation community). This study is developed to examine a common framework for processing and structuring a model using logistic regression analysis to classify key elements in the engineering process and PBL activities. |
19,708 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Reliability-Centered Maintenance Strategy of Container Terminal Shore Crane, and key words: Handheld computers, Zirconium, Social computing, Radio frequency, Quality function deployment, Internet of Things, Green computing. Abstract: Port intelligence has become an important part of coastal cities to build smart cities. Equipment maintenance at the container terminal is an important event related to production safety and efficiency, however, in the field of container terminal equipment maintenance and management. There has always been the problem of high maintenance costs and long maintenance cycles, simultaneously, the weak technical force and low degree of intelligence exacerbate this problem. In order to solve the above problem, a reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) strategy is proposed. In the practice of this strategy, the shore crane is chosen as the research object, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is used to analyze the failure mode and impact of the shore crane's function. The methods of expert investigation and field investigation are used to identifying the causes, modes and effects of the failure of each subsystem. The cumulative failure rate of port machinery was calculated and analyzed, and its probability is scored, aims to minimize preventive maintenance cycles. Based on this aim, the preventive maintenance period of the shore crane is calculated. The consistency of the numerical results was verified by MATLAB. The results proved that this strategy while achieving safe production, at the same time, the strategy can improve the operation efficiency, a more reasonable maintenance and management strategy on container terminal machinery and equipment can be developed. |
19,709 | Please write an abstract with title: 3-D magnetic field analysis of permanent-magnet type of MRI taking account of minor loop, and key words: Magnetic fields, Magnetic analysis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Eddy currents, Coils, Magnetization, Magnetic hysteresis, Chemical analysis, Finite element methods, Steel. Abstract: Authors have reported the behavior of residual magnetization in the permanent-magnet type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the analysis was limited to axi-symmetric finite-element method (FEM). In order to obtain a more accurate behavior, three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic field analysis taking account of the minor loop is indispensable. In this paper, the behavior of the minor loop and eddy current in a 3-D model, which was not clear until now, is examined. It is shown that the minor loop is considerably changed due to the eddy current |
19,710 | Please write an abstract with title: Fingerprinting Tabletop Games, and key words: Visualization, Sensitivity, Monte Carlo methods, Conferences, Games, Fingerprint recognition, Tools. Abstract: We present some initial work on characterizing games using a visual ‘fingerprint’ generated from several independent optimisation runs over the parameters used in Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). This ‘fingerprint’ provides a useful tool to compare games, as well as highlighting the relative sensitivity of a specific game to algorithmic variants of MCTS. The exploratory work presented here shows that in some games there is a major change in the optimal MCTS parameters when we move from 2-players to 3 or 4-players. |
19,711 | Please write an abstract with title: An autonomous robot for indoor light logistics, and key words: Robots, Logistics, Pharmaceutical technology, Manipulator dynamics, Testing, Packaging, Transportation, Control systems, Laboratories, Prototypes. Abstract: In this paper we describe some of the key technologies of a mobile manipulator that are used for package transportation in a pharmaceutical warehouse. The paper presents, beyond the functional aspects of the system, the main modules of the software that controls the mobile manipulator. The robot is a demonstrator of technologies for transporting safely and efficiently goods in partially structured, dynamic and public environments. Several issues are discussed such as the design and integration of mechanical elements, the development of non invasive localization and guidance procedures, the design and control of grasping devices for specific box/storage combinations, and the development of testing, verification and validation procedures satisfying strict pharmaceutical regulations. Results of the laboratory tests demonstrate the capability of the prototype. |
19,712 | Please write an abstract with title: New cloud animation software on the horizon, and key words: Clouds, Animation, Weather forecasting, Rendering (computer graphics), Predictive models, Meteorology, Technological innovation, Biomedical imaging, Computational modeling, Medical simulation. Abstract: Swell and Prime - two new programs that render animated, three-dimensional (3D) clouds - are the Purdue University Rendering and Perceptualization Lab's latest innovations. At the lab, directed by David Ebert, researchers are developing software that brings scientific and medical data sets to life as 3D models, computer-generated illustrations, and photorealistic images. Crude as they might appear, simulators are invaluable to weather forecasters. But they haven't replaced storm spotters: meteorologists trained in field observation still make predictions based on how clouds look in the sky. Prime's developers hope that the software will enhance forecasting's speed and accuracy by giving simulation data the look and feel of real-world weather conditions that meteorologists could instantly recognize. |
19,713 | Please write an abstract with title: A CPW Fed Hexagonal Patch Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna For Multiple Applications, and key words: CPW, Frequency Reconfigurable, Resonating Frequency, PIN diode, Switching. Abstract: This manuscript incorporates a coplanar waveguide fed a simple low-profile antenna to achieve frequency reconfigurability. The proposed structure in the PIN diode is attached in between the hexagonal patch and the rectangular slot. The Proposed frequency reconfigurable antenna structure provided frequency variations as the PIN Diode is switched. The resonating frequencies are 5.61 GHz, 9.59 GHz as PIN Diode is on, 6.74 GHz, 11.20 GHz, and 14.83 GHz as the PIN diode is off, providing maximum gain up to 7.73 dBi. This multiple-frequency variation of the antenna enables the antenna to use for multiple applications. |
19,714 | Please write an abstract with title: Programming systems for autonomy, and key words: Instruments, Data models, Knowledge management, Runtime environment, Information management, Computer architecture, Conferences, Computer science, Logic, Costs. Abstract: This paper describes a new approach to programming autonomic systems. Autonomic functions are integrated into element objects at design time using a special language called JSpoon. JSpoon extends element classes with management attributes representing configuration, performance, status and fault information. The JSpoon compiler generates respective code and interfaces to instrument the data in a common modeler repository, provided by NESTOR (Yemini at al., 2000) JSpoon programs access and manipulate management data without distinction between "agent" and "manager" roles. JSpoon further supports integration of plug-in knowledge modules that can interpret and control element operations. These knowledge modules are used to incorporate autonomic operations with elements. This design-time approach offers several substantive advantages over current alternatives. Management is integrated with the element development life-cycle. Instrumentation is compiler-generated and may be flexibly designed by element developers, while being consolidated into a unified global management data model. Knowledge modules can be seamlessly integrated with third party elements augmenting these elements with the logic for autonomic behavior. |
19,715 | Please write an abstract with title: Leveraging Structured Pruning of Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: Energy consumption, Computer vision, Costs, Conferences, Computer architecture, Signal processing, Hardware. Abstract: Structured pruning is a popular method to reduce the cost of convolutional neural networks, that are the state of the art in many computer vision tasks. However, depending on the architecture, pruning introduces dimensional discrepancies which prevent the actual reduction of pruned networks. To tackle this problem, we propose a method that is able to take any structured pruning mask and generate a network that does not encounter any of these problems and can be leveraged efficiently. We provide an accurate description of our solution and show results of gains, in energy consumption and inference time on embedded hardware, of pruned convolutional neural networks. |
19,716 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Event-Triggered Distributed Secondary Control of DC Microgrids, and key words: Microgrids, Voltage control, Observers, Matrix converters, Topology, Laplace equations, Closed loop systems. Abstract: Emerging distributed control paradigms rely on communication among converters of a microgrid. We investigate the secondary control of dc microgrids with a distributed dynamic event-triggering mechanism. The physical and cyber layers are represented by different graph topologies. To reduce the communication burden, a distributed dynamic event-triggering mechanism is designed. Therein, the Zeno behavior is excluded and in addition, a positive minimum interevent time (MIET) is determined. Asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system dynamics is proven, and the adjustment of the positive MIET is discussed. Compared to the existing static event-triggering mechanisms, the proposed dynamic one guarantees the existence of a positive MIET, whose value can be tuned by the design parameters. Controller/hardware-in-the-loop implementation results validate the efficacy of the proposed method. |
19,717 | Please write an abstract with title: A Market Clearing Model with Demand Response Program of Self-Reported Baseline Mechanism, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Energy consumption, Tools, Load management, Numerical models, Security, Load modeling. Abstract: Demand response (DR) programs are potentially powerful tools to support renewable energy integration, ensure power balance and update electricity market mechanism in China. Based on the existing work, we propose a day-ahead market clearing model with the DR program of self-reported baseline mechanism in this paper. The proposed day-ahead market clearing model aims to minimize the operating cost under security constraints, yielding the optimal units' states and power outputs. Two types of consumers, i.e., instant load and shiftable load, are considered in such model. An IEEE 14-bus system is used as an illustrative example and a simplified Shandong province system is used to validate the application of proposed market clearing model in the real large system. |
19,718 | Please write an abstract with title: BAENET: A Brain Age Estimation Network with 3D Skipping and Outlier Constraint Loss, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Brain modeling, Estimation, Solid modeling, Feature extraction, Magnetic resonance imaging, Task analysis. Abstract: The potential pattern changes in brain micro-structure can be used for the brain development assessment in children and adolescents by MRI scans. In this paper, we propose a highly accurate and efficient end-to-end brain age estimation network (BAENET) on T1-weighted MRI images. On the network, 3D skipping and outlier constraint loss are designed to accommodate deeper network and increase the robustness. Besides, we incorporate the neuroimaging domain knowledge into stratified sampling for better generalization ability for datasets with different age distributions, and gender learning for more gender-specific features during modeling. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed method on the public ABIDE2 and ADHD200 benchmark, consisting of 382 and 378 normal children scans respectively. Our BAENET achieves MAE of 1.11 and 1.16, significantly outperforming the best reported methods by 5.1 % and 9.4%. |
19,719 | Please write an abstract with title: A Big Data Stream-Driven Risk Recognition Approach for Hospital Accounting Management Systems, and key words: Big data stream, risk recognition, accounting management, machine learning. Abstract: This work is confronted with hospital accounting management systems where business volume is usually large and trivial. While designing system prototype and processing algorithms, it is required to integrate realistic big data stream as the main factors for consideration. Because of such point, currently, there still lacks mature solutions for accounting risk recognition in such scenes. Combined with the micro service management technology of data flow, this paper puts forward the risk identification mode and cloud Data integrity verification algorithm for the purpose. Compared with traditional single user authentication techniques, this method has a significantly higher accuracy in hospital data analysis compared to comparative algorithms. At the same time, its error has been reduced. The multi-user parallel authentication algorithm further improves the computational efficiency of the authentication process while ensuring the integrity of data files and reducing the average time. Finally, we also make some empirical analysis on realistic data to testify performance of the proposed technical framework. The results show that the proposal is well suitable for digital risk recognition in hospital accounting management systems. And the recognition accuracy of the proposal can achieve 98%, and is about 22% higher than comparison methods. |
19,720 | Please write an abstract with title: Mechanical properties and wear performance of cross-linked UHMWPE for orthopaedic joints, and key words: Mechanical factors, Orthopedic surgery, Immune system, Materials testing, Prosthetics, Bars, Thermal resistance, Paramagnetic resonance, Chemicals, Performance evaluation. Abstract: Wear of artificial joints is a major problem for the long-term performance of orthopaedic prostheses. Wear particles, especially in the micrometer and nanometric range, seem to be the main factor responsible for osteolysis. In the last years many radiation crosslinking procedures have been developed and applied to UHMWPE for artificial joint components with the aim to increase the wear resistance. In this study a new cross-linking treatment of UHMWPE was introduced and studied. For comparison a standard crosslinked and a non cross-linked UHMWPE were included in the study. All materials were analysed in the non aged condition. Structural, mechanical and wear properties were investigated. Although the mechanical properties of both cross-linked materials were somewhat inferior compared to non-crosslinked UHMWPE, multidirectional wear tests showed a significant improvement of the wear resistance for both crosslinked materials. |
19,721 | Please write an abstract with title: Zilch: A Framework for Deploying Transparent Zero-Knowledge Proofs, and key words: Computational modeling, Integrated circuit modeling, Turing machines, Programming, Password, Logic gates, Cryptography. Abstract: As cloud computing becomes more popular, research has focused on usable solutions to the problem of verifiable computation (VC), where a computationally weak device (Verifier) outsources a program execution to a powerful server (Prover) and receives guarantees that the execution was performed faithfully. A Prover can further demonstrate knowledge of a secret input that causes the Verifier's program to satisfy certain assertions, without ever revealing which input was used. State-of-the-art Zero-Knowledge Proofs of Knowledge (ZKPK) methods encode a computation using arithmetic circuits and preserve the privacy of Prover's inputs while attesting the integrity of program execution. Nevertheless, developing, debugging, and optimizing programs as circuits remains a daunting task, as most users are unfamiliar with this programming paradigm. In this work, we present Zilch, a framework that accelerates and simplifies the deployment of VC and ZKPK for any application transparently, i.e., without the need of trusted setup. Zilch uses traditional instruction sequences rather than static arithmetic circuits that would need to be regenerated for each different computation. Towards that end, we have implemented Z MIPS: a MIPS-like processor model that allows verifying each instruction independently and compose a proof for the execution of the target application. To foster usability, Zilch incorporates a novel cross-compiler from an object-oriented Java-like language tailored to ZKPK and optimized our Z MIPS model, as well as a powerful API that enables integration of ZKPK within existing C/C++ programs. In our experiments, we demonstrate the flexibility of Zilch using two real-life applications, and evaluate Prover and Verifier performance on a variety of benchmarks. |
19,722 | Please write an abstract with title: Object Detection for Autonomous Driving using YOLO [You Only Look Once] algorithm, and key words: Industries, Deep learning, Roads, Object detection, Classification algorithms, Autonomous vehicles, Faces. Abstract: The field of autonomous driving is going to be the face of the automobile industry very soon. The number of accidents that take place because of human error currently is very high and it can be slashed to a huge extent with the advent of autonomous driving. One of the primary prerequisites and a huge part of autonomous driving is dependent on object detection through computer vision, this paper aims at aiding towards the field of autonomous driving by helping detect objects with the use of deep learning algorithms. Research work used state-of-the-art algorithm YOLO (you only look once) to detect different objects that appear on the road and classified into the category that they belong to with the help of bounding boxes. The weights of the YOLO v4 is utilized to custom train our model to detect the objects and the data will be collected from the open images dataset using its OIDv4 toolkit. |
19,723 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart Grid Initiatives in South East Asian Countries : What Are Being Done in The Early Stage, and key words: Smart grids, Monitoring, SCADA systems, Automation, Substation automation. Abstract: Factors such as the increasing complexity of power grid; state-of-the-art operation and information technology; more complex behavior and characteristics of customers' loads; the unstoppable demands of better quality, reliability, and efficiency of electricity; and the growing development of renewable energy sources have become challenges for power utilities to build and implement smarter grids. Several countries in Europe and United States answered these challenges by deploying projects towards Smart Grid, in which various different key initiatives were introduced in the initial phase in different countries with different power grid structures and problems. In the same sense, South East Asian countries have also carried out key initiatives to tackle challenges mentioned above. This paper is intended to give insights on the smart grid key initiatives taken by each utility under HAPUA, especially in the distribution system. All data presented here were gathered first hand from all utilities under Head of ASEAN Power Utilities/Authorities (HAPUA). Subsequently, a table of commonness of key initiatives was created to find out which initiatives became the most selected ones. Based on the table of commonness, it appears that AMI, AMR, and SCADA were the most common key initiatives taken by the majority. |
19,724 | Please write an abstract with title: A Two-channel LED Driver with Automatic Current Balance and Soft-switching, and key words: Bridge circuits, Switching loss, Prototypes, Switches, Zero voltage switching, Light emitting diodes, Zero current switching. Abstract: In this paper, a stacked half bridge converter with automatic current balance and soft-switching is proposed. Here, an LED driver is taken as an example to analyze. Based on the ampere-second balance principle, the proposed LED driver can realize automatic current balance. The proposed converter adopts a small inductor to form a resonant tank, which achieves zero current switching (ZCS) in the discontinuous operation mode (DCM) and zero voltage switching (ZVS) in the continuous operation mode (CCM). By using frequency doubling technology, switching losses are reduced by half under the same hardware conditions. A 15.8W experimental prototype with 100V input voltage and 25V output voltage is established in the laboratory, verifying the feasibility of the stacked half bridge converter. |
19,725 | Please write an abstract with title: A Cryptosystem analysis for text messages using Homomorphic Transform, and key words: Ciphers, Instruments, Transforms, Testing. Abstract: Information is as important as it has always been, but it is even more so now since we are living in the Information Era. Data security is an essential aspect. The concerns that have been found and the action plans that have been recommended in this study are based on testing. The goal of this work is to provide actionable intelligence about the security of the cypher text we were given. Only in those circumstances where it was thought necessary, this threat intelligence report is based on analysis to validate the accuracy and authenticity of the information gathered. The tests carried out during the limited period for doing such an activity are mostly used to identify the issues in this work. Though the work has taken sufficient care to cover the principal scenarios, the analysis' result may not be exhaustive or represent all possibilities. |
19,726 | Please write an abstract with title: The theory and practice of electronic testing of winding ropes, and key words: Testing, Windings, Electromagnetics, Stress, Shafts, Steel, Magnetic hysteresis. Abstract: Over the past few years, the South African mining industry has been actively furthering the use of electronic rope testing equipment based on the type described in previous papers. The results have continued to be promising and the number of ropes which are tested on a routine basis, with both the prototype and the new improved types of equipment, are continually increasing. At the time of writing, more than 500 ropes over one inch in diameter are regularly examined with electronic equipment every four months. With information coming in at this rate, it is not surprising that a considerable amount of experience has been obtained in a short time. |
19,727 | Please write an abstract with title: Functional Feature Extraction for Hyperspectral Image Classification With Adaptive Rational Function Approximation, and key words: Feature extraction, Hyperspectral imaging, Data models, Machine learning, Splines (mathematics), Function approximation, Data mining. Abstract: A functional feature extraction method based on rational function approximation for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is proposed. In digital imagery, the spectral information of a pixel can be regarded as a 1-D signal. An HSI is composed of these 1-D signals arranged in a certain spatial structure. According to the functional characteristic of hyperspectral data, 1-D signals can be approximated by a linear combination of basis functions. Thus, a joint rational basis function system (JRBFS) based on class adaptivity is here first built for an HSI by adaptive Fourier decomposition (AFD). Second, the functional representations (FRs) and corresponding reconstructed spectral curves are obtained by decomposing the original spectral information in a JRBFS. Furthermore, the functional spectral-spatial features are extracted on the basis of FRs by an edge-preserving filtering method, FR-EPFs. Finally, the functional spectral-spatial features are used for HSI classification by SVM. Experimental results for five commonly used HSI data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method FR-EPFs. |
19,728 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time phasor measurement method including a GPS common time-stamp for distributed power system monitoring and control, and key words: Real time systems, Power measurement, Global Positioning System, Power system measurements, Power system control, Power systems, Monitoring, Control systems, Frequency synchronization, Phase measurement. Abstract: The supply of high quality electrical energy in power systems requires access to a synchronized phasor that is measured at various locations via a phase measurement unit (PMU). These data are then tagged with timestamps, provided by a Global Positioning System (GPS), and then sent to a control unit. The existing methods place demanding constraints on the computing resources; hence, a new method of extracting synchronized phasors is proposed to address this issue. The new method combines a multirate phase locked loop (MPLL), a real-time positive sequence detector, and a GPS common time-stamp unit. The MPLL is based on a PLL architecture that incorporates frequency adaptation intrinsically. The MPLL constitutes a multirate sample rate system that relaxes the implementation of a front-end analog anti-aliasing filter. Furthermore, a digital bandpass filter is included to enhance the performance of the MPLL under severe line disturbance conditions. An automatic gain control (AGC) prevents any variations of amplitude in the input signals from affecting the PMU. |
19,729 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimized Methods for the Quantitative Analysis and Modeling of Weapon System’s Testability Indicators, and key words: Fault detection, Mathematical model, Analytical models, Weapons, Markov processes, Reliability, Maintenance engineering. Abstract: At present, the quantitative analysis and modeling of testability indicators are rarely explored. This paper presents the quantitative analysis on equipment testability indicators by combining the similarity model and empirical estimation in the theory of analogy, and builds the comprehensive calculation model for testability indicators based on the Markov chain. Moreover, it explores the methods for quantitative modeling and determination of such testability indicators as fault coverage rate and fault list. Some calculations are conducted to analyze the stages and situations to which these methods are applicable within the life cycle of equipment, so as to provide the methodological support and theoretical basis for the research and development, general design and combat application of weapon system. |
19,730 | Please write an abstract with title: Brain shift estimation in image-guided neurosurgery using 3-D ultrasound, and key words: Neurosurgery, Ultrasonic imaging, Surgery, Neoplasms, Gravity, Navigation, Biomedical imaging, Magnetic resonance imaging, Associate members, Image reconstruction. Abstract: Intraoperative brain deformation is one of the most important causes affecting the overall accuracy of image-guided neurosurgical procedures. One option for correcting for this deformation is to acquire three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound data during the operation and use this data to update the information provided by the preoperatively acquired MR data. For 12 patients 3-D ultrasound images have been reconstructed from freehand sweeps acquired during neurosurgical procedures. Ultrasound data acquired prior to and after opening the dura, but prior to surgery, have been quantitatively compared to the preoperatively acquired MR data to estimate the rigid component of brain shift at the first stages of surgery. Prior to opening the dura the average brain shift measured was 3.0 mm parallel to the direction of gravity, with a maximum of 7.5 mm, and 3.9 mm perpendicular to the direction of gravity, with a maximum of 8.2 mm. After opening the dura the shift increased on average 0.2 mm parallel to the direction of gravity and 1.4 mm perpendicular to the direction of gravity. Brain shift can be detected by acquiring 3-D ultrasound data during image-guided neurosurgery. Therefore, it can be used as a basis for correcting image data and preoperative planning for intraoperative deformations. |
19,731 | Please write an abstract with title: IoT Based Smart Traffic System Using MQTT Protocol: Node-Red Framework, and key words: Ultrasonic imaging, Roads, Sensor systems, Real-time systems, Internet of Things, Telemetry, Reliability. Abstract: This paper suggests a novel idea to implement a smart traffic management system in which real-time data are processed and stored in the database. A network of ultrasonic sensors are used to track traffic congestion at intersections on the road all day long. The information on traffic density is used to determine the set time of a signal, unlike the conventional way of the predefined set time. Internet of Things (IoT) technique is used to send the data from sensors to node-red through Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol where primary decision making is done. This system can be used in four-way or two-way junctions with few code amendments. A significant amount of waiting time is saved through the model. |
19,732 | Please write an abstract with title: Stress Prediction from Head Motion, and key words: Stress, Task analysis, Magnetic heads, Motion pictures, Electrocardiography, Feature extraction, Heart rate variability. Abstract: The measurement of cognitive stress has huge potential for advertising optimization (e.g., neuromarketing), optimization of recommendation systems, and applications in the fields of human-computer interaction and affective computing. Many studies have addressed stress prediction based on machine learning from the features measured by sensors attached to a subject's body. Meanwhile, as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have increased in popularity, head motion data from users watching VR/AR contents have become ubiquitous. In addition, stress prediction from head motion can be valuable because it does not rely on skin condition (e.g., sweat, tattoo, and cosmetics) and is not detrimental to usability. However, the effectiveness of stress prediction based on head motion data is not well understood. In this study, we propose a method to predict stress from head motion and verify the performance of this method in multiple test situations. |
19,733 | Please write an abstract with title: Fault Estimation Observer Design for Markovian Jump Systems With Nondifferentiable Actuator and Sensor Failures, and key words: Iron, Observers, Actuators, Estimation, Switches, Markov processes, Trajectory. Abstract: This article addresses the simultaneous actuator and sensor fault estimation (FE) problem for a class of Markovian jump systems (MJSs) with nondifferentiable actuator failures. In order to overcome the difficulties brought by the nondifferentiable actuator failures, we construct an extended vector composed of states, sensor faults, and disturbances, where the derivatives of actuator failures are not required in this augmented system. Then, two novel observer-based approaches are developed for the augmented descriptor system to cope with the FE problem. The first one is a reduced-order FE observer, where the actuator failures can be estimated by the algebraic input reconstruction strategy. The second one refers to an iterative learning observer (ILO) design method, which can obtain the accurate FE result by integrating the estimations in the iterative processes. The two proposed FE observer design methods can avoid the sliding surface switching problem produced by sliding-mode observers in the area of MJSs. Finally, a practical example of the F-404 aircraft engine system is presented to show the validity of the proposed FE observer design techniques. |
19,734 | Please write an abstract with title: The Application of Convolution Neural Network for Coconut Maturity Classification, and key words: Training, Industries, Deep learning, Convolution, Transfer learning, Neural networks, Computer architecture. Abstract: Coconut's sweetness consistency has a close connection with the quality of coconut's byproducts. And this is due to multiple factors. One of which is the maturity of coconut. Maturity classification is, therefore, the main concern for both consumers and manufacturers. However, currently the maturity classification process is mainly based on individual experience and skills developed throughout the time in the industry. Our research proposes an automatic maturity classification with a deep learning which could minimize the maturity classification time cost. The fully trained CNN structure with fine-tuning of transfer learning from well-known models were analyzed and compared. The experimental results showed that our proposed CNN structures achieved the best validation accuracy by 4-fold cross validation results with 97.27% with Binarized Saturation images, and 89.42% with HSV images. |
19,735 | Please write an abstract with title: Improvement of Voltage Stability in Power System using SVC, and key words: Performance evaluation, Reactive power, Stability criteria, Flexible AC transmission systems, Static VAr compensators, Voltage, Power system stability. Abstract: The increased demand for electricity has pushed the electrical grid closer to its stability limit. Due to many methods used to enhance the power system, voltage instability and line overloading have become a difficulty. The creation, transmission, and consumption of reactive power can all be used to investigate the nature of voltage stability. Reactive power unbalancing, which happens when the power system is strained, is one of the key reasons of voltage instability. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are vital for enhancing the performance of a power system, but they are also quite expensive, thus they must be placed optimally in the power system. Static var compensator (SVC), a FACTS device, can be used to minimise flows in densely laden lines, resulting in minimal system loss and enhanced voltage stability. A method is proposed based on the index of line stability and overall system of VAR power losses was used to select the best position for the SVC device. Using VSI calculation on the power flow system, the weakest bus will be determined and will be assign as the optimal location for SVC. Also, along with this paper an observation on a power flow system with and without SVC are compared. Therefore, the finding of this research paper will show that SVC can stabilize the voltage profile of a power flow system. |
19,736 | Please write an abstract with title: Leveraging Deep Learning Techniques to Improve P300-Based Brain Computer Interfaces, and key words: Brain modeling, Electroencephalography, Solid modeling, Artificial intelligence, Training, Electrodes, Task analysis. Abstract: Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) has become an established technology to interconnect a human brain and an external device. One of the most popular protocols for BCI is based on the extraction of the so-called P300 wave from electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. P300 wave is an event-related potential with a latency of 300 ms after the onset of a rare stimulus. In this paper, we used deep learning architectures, namely convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to improve P300-based BCIs. We propose a novel BCI classifier, called P3CNET, that improved P300 classification accuracy performances of the best state-of-the-art classifier. In addition, we explored pre-processing and training choices that improved the usability of BCI systems. For the pre-processing of EEG data, we explored the optimal signal interval that would improve classification accuracies. Then, we explored the minimum number of calibration sessions to balance higher accuracy and shorter calibration time. To improve the explainability of deep learning architectures, we analyzed the saliency maps of the input EEG signal leading to a correct P300 classification, and we observed that the elimination of less informative electrode channels from the data did not result in better accuracy. All the methodologies and explorations were performed and validated on two different CNN classifiers, demonstrating the generalizability of the obtained results. Finally, we showed the advantages given by transfer learning when using the proposed novel architecture on other P300 datasets. The presented architectures and practical suggestions can be used by BCI practitioners to improve its effectiveness. |
19,737 | Please write an abstract with title: PyTAG: Challenges and Opportunities for Reinforcement Learning in Tabletop Games, and key words: Reinforcement Learning, Game AI, Tabletop games, board games, benchmark, framework. Abstract: In recent years, Game AI research has made important breakthroughs using Reinforcement Learning (RL). Despite this, RL for modern tabletop games has gained little to no attention, even when they offer a range of unique challenges compared to video games. To bridge this gap, we introduce PyTAG, a Python API for interacting with the Tabletop Games framework (TAG). TAG contains a growing set of more than 20 modern tabletop games, with a common API for AI agents. We present techniques for training RL agents in these games and introduce baseline results after training Proximal Policy Optimisation algorithms on a subset of games. Finally, we discuss the unique challenges complex modern tabletop games provide, now open to RL research through PyTAG. |
19,738 | Please write an abstract with title: Large Second Harmonic Generation from Polar van der Waals Bismuth Telluro-Halide Semiconductors, and key words: Nonlinear optics, Optical harmonic generation, Optical polarization, Measurement by laser beam, Compounds, Optical imaging, Frequency conversion. Abstract: We demonstrate large second harmonic generation from the polar van der Waals semiconductors BiTel and BiTeBr, with responses comparable to leading semiconducting nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. This highlights their promise for nanoscale NLO applications. |
19,739 | Please write an abstract with title: Configurable processors for embedded computing, and key words: Embedded computing, Embedded software, Hardware, Application software, Field programmable gate arrays, Embedded system, Software design, Software performance, Costs, Application specific integrated circuits. Abstract: We have all heard about the increasing software content of embedded systems. To those who think of embedded software as autonomous programs hidden deep within the system, plugging away transparently and reliably on dedicated tasks, this increase might suggest that these programs are somehow becoming larger. In reality, the ongoing increases in processor performance let system designers implement in software what previously required dedicated or custom hardware blocks and accelerators. Indeed, given a choice, system designers might actually prefer the flexibility of implementing all embedded applications in software on programmable processors. However, parts of the applications must often run under critical time, performance, power, and cost constraints. Thus, designers have traditionally mapped these segments into custom hardware, such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or into reprogrammable fabrics, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Ever-increasing chip capacities have given rise to configurable processors that offer virtually unlimited choices in core architectures. |
19,740 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent Hough Transform With Jaya to Detect the Diameter of Red-Hot Circular Workpiece, and key words: Transforms, Robustness, Charge coupled devices, Search problems, Cameras, Sensors, Memory management. Abstract: Diameter detection plays an important role in the production of circular workpieces. It is very difficult to obtain the accurate measurement of diameter when the circular workpiece is red-hot because of the existence of lots of noise. Although Hough transform (HT) has many advantages for diameter detection of circular workpieces, it has still suffered from some serious problems, which include the requirements of a large amount of computation and memory occupancy. To address these problems, we propose an intelligent Hough transform method with Jaya (IHTJ). The key points are as follows. We analyze the problem of diameter detection for red-hot circular workpieces, which is essentially the problem of ellipse fitting. Then the problem of ellipse fitting with HT is converted into searching optimal solution in parameter space, and we construct the fitness function based on the principle of ellipse fitting with HT. In order to fit the ellipse accurately and rapidly, we introduce Jaya to search the optimal ellipse parameters in parameter space at last, and the computation burden and memory occupancy of HT are greatly reduced. Compared with direct least-square (DLS), randomized Hough transform (RHT) and random sample consistency (RANSAC), IHTJ can fit the ellipse rapidly while the advantages of strong robustness and high accuracy of HT are retained. Some simulations and practical experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of IHTJ. |
19,741 | Please write an abstract with title: Properties for modulation spectral filtering, and key words: Filtering, Amplitude modulation, Frequency modulation, Psychoacoustic models, Fourier transforms, Filter bank, Nonlinear filters, Source separation, Noise reduction, Demodulation. Abstract: A two-dimensional representation, the "modulation spectrum", where the modulation frequency exists jointly with a regular Fourier frequency or other filter channel index, has previously been investigated. Accurate modulation filters offer, for example, new approaches for signal separation and noise reduction. However, a filtering operation on modulation frequency components has yet to be carefully defined. Most previous studies on modulation filtering assumed that the amplitude modulation envelope is real and non-negative, which has recently been shown to be incorrect. Distortions appear when the non-negative envelope assumption fails. Beginning with a more appropriate envelope assumption that allows the envelope to go negative, we propose three properties which modulation filtering systems should satisfy. Any modulation filtering method which satisfies these properties yields distortion-free results. An implementation of modulation filtering, based on a short-time Fourier transform followed by independent coherent demodulation for each frequency channel, is then proposed. Satisfaction of the properties is confirmed and an example result of modulation filtering on a speech signal is illustrated. |
19,742 | Please write an abstract with title: Challenges in Conglomerating Fog computing with IOT for building Smart City, and key words: Cloud computing, Smart cities, Web services, Buildings, Decision making, Internet of Things, Security. Abstract: IoT and Fog Computing are the latest solutions that help in better analytics and decision-making for many of the market domains. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a term used to signify the number of devices or objects that are attached together using an Internet connection. Fog Computing is a decentralized and flexible system that helps to deliver and transport data and useful information across the Cloud and IoT. Fog computing's goal is to locate basic computation services at the edge of the network where they are needed this helps in the reduction of the distance the data has to travel resulting in an increase in the performance. Fog computing enhances the concept of Cloud Computing. There are various Cloud services available in the market viz Microsoft Azure Cloud, Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, Alibaba Cloud, IBM Cloud, etc. IoT and Fog Computing go hand in hand and work together in providing an overall better IoT service. This paper discussed the benefits of using Fog Computing and IoT together in Minimizing latency, Conserve network bandwidth, less operating cost, more security, more reliability, and many more for building smart infrastructure for cities. |
19,743 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploiting Quantum Assertions for Error Mitigation and Quantum Program Debugging, and key words: Quantum algorithm, Costs, Software algorithms, Measurement uncertainty, Computer bugs, Debugging, Quantum state. Abstract: An assertion is a predicate that should be evaluated true during program execution. In this paper, we present the development of quantum assertion schemes and show how they are used for hardware error mitigation and software debugging. Compared to assertions in classical programs, quantum assertions are challenging due to the no-cloning theorem and potentially destructive measurement. We discuss how these challenges can be circumvented such that certain properties of quantum states can be verified non-destructively during program execution. Furthermore, we show that besides detecting program bugs, dynamic assertion circuits can mitigate noise effects via post-selection of the assertion results. Our case studies demonstrate the use of quantum assertions in various quantum algorithms. |
19,744 | Please write an abstract with title: A stereo matching algorithm based on color segments, and key words: Image segmentation, Colored noise, Color, Fuzzy set theory, Speech recognition, Noise robustness, Noise reduction, Noise level, Photometry, Filters. Abstract: Traditionally, the problem of stereo matching has been addressed either by a sparse feature-based approach or a dense area-based approach. This technique still suffers from a lack in accuracy or long computation time needed to match stereo images. In this paper, we employ color segments on scan lines of stereo images as primitives for matching, and introduce the widely used fuzzy set theory to the matching processes in order to handle ambiguities in matching. During the stage of accurate pixel correspondences of matched color segments, we use the technique of dynamic time warping (DTW), which is used in speech recognition. We found that DTW works robustly and rapidly regardless of the number of points to be matched. Covering more image space than point elements and providing more information than gray level features, color segments are less sensitive to noise and photometric variations and are thus more easily matched, and can reduce the false matches. Furthermore, a post-processing step can find more matches and alleviate the influence of under-segmentation or over-segmentation. A fast median filter can be applied to the results to further remove outliers. Experiments have been performed to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm. |
19,745 | Please write an abstract with title: Multitree Genetic Programming With New Operators for Transfer Learning in Symbolic Regression With Incomplete Data, and key words: Feature extraction, Task analysis, Transfer learning, Genetic programming, Data models, Training, Training data. Abstract: Lack of knowledge is a common consequence of data incompleteness when learning from real-world data. To deal with such a situation, this work utilizes transfer learning (TL) to reuse knowledge from different (yet related) but complete domains. Due to its powerful feature construction ability, genetic programming (GP) is used to construct feature-based transformations that map the feature space of the source domain to that of the target domain such that their differences are reduced. Particularly, this work proposes a new multitree GP-based feature construction approach to TL in symbolic regression with missing values. It transfers knowledge related to the importance of the features and instances in the source domain to the target domain to improve the learning performance. Moreover, new genetic operators are developed to encourage minimizing the distribution discrepancy between the transformed domain and the target domain. A new probabilistic crossover is developed to make the well-constructed trees in the individuals more likely to be mated than the other trees. A new mutation operator is designed to give more probability for the poorly constructed trees to be mutated. The experimental results show that the proposed method not only achieves better performance compared with different traditional learning methods but also advances two recent TL methods on real-world data sets with various incompleteness and learning scenarios. |
19,746 | Please write an abstract with title: Key feature extraction for probabilistic categorization of human motion patterns, and key words: Feature extraction, Humans, Hidden Markov models, Pattern recognition, Neurons, Mathematical model, Robot kinematics, Mirrors, Biological system modeling, Spatial databases. Abstract: Mimesis is a hypothesis that human intelligence originated where motion recognition and motion generation interact through imitation. We previously proposed the mathematical model of mimesis using hidden Markov models (HMM) and constructed the proto symbol space from parameters of each HMM. The proto symbol space included only 10 motion patterns. No attention was paid on the relationship between behavior pattern and parts of body. It is common that a human observer pays an attention to the relationship between the parts of body and the behaviors recognizing performer's behavior pattern. In this paper, we discuss key feature extraction from a rich database of behavior patterns based on probabilistic categorization among HMMs. The method is also applied to extract body parts that characterize behavior patterns |
19,747 | Please write an abstract with title: Unsupervised auditory scene categorization via key audio effects and information-theoretic co-clustering, and key words: Layout, Explosions, Multimedia computing, Indexing, Context-aware services, Computer science, Asia, Application software, Bayesian methods, Data mining. Abstract: Automatic categorization of auditory scenes is very useful in various content-based multimedia applications, such as video indexing and context-aware computing. An unsupervised approach is proposed to group auditory scenes with similar semantics. In our approach, auditory scenes are described by the key audio effects they contain. In order to exploit the relationships between different audio effects and provide a more accurate similarity measure for auditory scene categorization, co-clustering is used to group auditory scenes and key audio effects simultaneously. In addition, a Bayesian information criterion (BIC) is used to select cluster numbers automatically for both the key effects and the auditory scenes. Evaluation on 272 auditory scenes extracted from 12-hour audio data shows very encouraging results. |
19,748 | Please write an abstract with title: Graph-Based Malware Detection Using Opcode Sequences, and key words: Histograms, Image edge detection, Static analysis, Feature extraction, Malware, Hardware, Encryption. Abstract: The impact of malware grows for IT (information technology) systems day by day. The number, the complexity, and the cost of them increase rapidly. While researchers are developing new and better detection algorithms, attackers are also evolving malware to fail the current detection techniques. Therefore malware detection becomes one of the most challenging tasks in cyber security. To increase the performance of the detection techniques, researchers benefit from different approaches. But some of them might cost a lot both in time and hardware resources. This situation puts forward fast and cheap detection methods. In this context, static analysis provides these utilities but it is important to keep detection accuracy high while reducing resource consumption. Opcodes (operational codes) are commonly used in static analysis but sometimes feature extraction from opcodes might be difficult since an opcode sequence might have a great length. Furthermore, most of the malware developers use obfuscation and encryption techniques to avoid detection methods based on static analysis. This kind of malware is called packed malware and according to common belief, packed malware should be either unpacked or analyzed dynamically in order to detect them. In this study, a graph-based malware detection method has been proposed to overcome these problems. The proposed method relies on obtaining the opcode graph of every executable file in the dataset and using them for future extraction. In this way, the proposed method reaches up to 98% detection accuracy. In addition to the accuracy rate, the proposed method makes it possible to detect packed malware without the need for unpacking or dynamic analysis. |
19,749 | Please write an abstract with title: A Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Long-Term Traffic Flow Prediction, and key words: Predictive models, Discrete wavelet transforms, Continuous wavelet transforms, Data models, Transportation, Market research. Abstract: An accurate and reliable traffic flow prediction is of great significance, especially the long-term traffic flow prediction e.g., 24 hours, which can help the traffic decision-makers formulate the future traffic management strategy. However, the long-term traffic flow prediction imposes great challenges for decision-makers due to the nonlinear and chaotic feature of traffic flow. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a hybrid deep learning model based on wavelet decomposition, convolutional neural network-long and short-term memory neural network (CNN-LSTM), called W-CNN-LSTM, to prediction next-day traffic flow. The wavelet decomposition technology is used to decompose the original traffic flow data into high-frequency data and low-frequency data for the improvement of predictive accuracy. The decomposed sequences are fed into a CNN-LSTM deep learning model, where the long-term temporal features of traffic flow can be well captured and learned. The numerical experiment is carried out against five benchmarks based on England traffic flow dataset; the results show that the proposed hybrid approach can achieve superior forecasting skill over the benchmarks. |
19,750 | Please write an abstract with title: Unbiased adaptive feedback cancellation in hearing aids by closed-loop identification, and key words: Feedback, Hearing aids, Signal processing, Auditory system, Adaptive filters, Loudspeakers, Microphones, Frequency estimation, Multiple signal classification, Ear. Abstract: Hearing aid users often suffer from feedback which causes "howling" and limits the maximum stable gain. The direct method of adaptive feedback cancellation is widely used to mitigate feedback, however it is less effective for high forward path gains due to the inherent bias in the feedback path estimate. This bias can be reduced at the expense of artificial delays which can potentially introduce pre-echo and "comb filter" effects. The direct method also tends to cancel tonal audio signals such as alarms and music. We propose using a system identification method in closed-loop for unbiased feedback cancellation which does not possess the negative characteristics manifested by the direct method, but uses an identification signal. The two-stage method which employs two adaptive filters, one to identify the entire closed-loop, and another to extract the feedback path response was the preferred unbiased method due to its low computation and good feedback identification particularly during "howling." This paper presents the theory of the proposed new method, and computer simulations which demonstrate its advantages over the widely used direct method. |
19,751 | Please write an abstract with title: Barrier Lyapunov Function-Based Output Regulation Control of an Electromagnetic Micromirror With Transient Performance Constraint, and key words: Micromirrors, Transient analysis, Electromagnetics, Regulation, Micromechanical devices, Performance evaluation, Output feedback. Abstract: This article investigates the controller design problem for an electromagnetic torsional micromirror with guaranteed transient performance constraint. Specifically, the developed solution works under the output regulation framework and utilizes the internal model principle for model parameter uncertainties and general reference trajectories tracking, incorporated with barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) method to prevent the tracking constraint violation. We first formulate the micromirror model as an output feedback system with relative degree two and unknown control coefficient, and further turn it into a lower triangular system with an extension transformation. Then, using the extended internal model design, we transform the output regulation problem of the transformed system into the stabilization problem of an augmented system. Finally, based on the BLF technique, we develop a stabilization controller for the augmented system to realize the asymptotic tracking of reference trajectory with transient performance constraint, where the effects of the main design parameters on the control performances are also investigated. By such a technical treatment, the entire control architecture is independent of the angular velocity information of the micromirror, which reduces the measurement complexity in practical. This feature behind the control scheme is important since the velocity information is difficult to be available in many microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Moreover, the enhanced transient performance is beneficial for improving the scanning quality of the packaged micromirror system. The developed control solution is verified on an experimental platform using a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based hardware, where the scanning and imaging applications are both conducted. |
19,752 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a Generalized Predictive Control System for Polynomial Reference Tracking, and key words: Predictive models, Cost function, Predictive control, Circuits and systems, Tuning, Minimization, Manganese. Abstract: Some important applications require control systems capable of tracking high-degree polynomial references. However, polynomial reference tracking is difficult because the controller must have a fast response to track variable references. Generalized Predictive Control (GPC), used in industrial applications, has a fast response. However, up to now, GPC approaches in the literature are not designed for high-degree polynomial reference tracking. For that reason, this brief proposes a GPC system for the tracking of polynomial references of any degree. The high-order backward difference operator was used to develop an augmented prediction model designed to have an arbitrary number of embedded integrators. Thus, according to the internal model principle, the proposed predictive controller can track polynomial references of any degree. An optimization technique is used to define future control actions, while the control law is defined through the receding horizon principle. Simulation and experimental results prove that the proposed controller performs better than other approaches described in the literature. |
19,753 | Please write an abstract with title: New paradigms for access control in open environments, and key words: Access control, Protection, Communication system control, Control systems, Data privacy, Internet, Business communication, Companies, Mobile communication, Availability. Abstract: Many access control models and policies have been proposed in recent years for different purposes. Access control is now evolving with the complex environments that it support. In open environments such as the Internet, the decision to grant access to a resource is often based on the characteristics of the requestor rather than its identity. Also, people have often little control over their personal information once it has been disclosed to third parties. Privacy and secondary usage regulations are increasingly demanding attention. In this paper, we present the emerging trends in the access control field to address the new needs and desiderata of today's systems. |
19,754 | Please write an abstract with title: Panel: Software Engineering for Everyone, and key words: Software engineering, Training, Software, Google, Modeling, Biological system modeling. Abstract: This panel focuses on what topics and methods are needed to teach software engineering to the rest of the world, since software technology now touches everyone's lives. What does Joe Public need to know about software engineering, what are the best ways to expose them to those concepts and skills, and how do we plan to spread these basics beyond our boundaries, beyond our community of software engineering educators and trainers? The main results of this panel will be an identified list of the top concepts that need to be publicized, a set of approaches to making those concepts easy to learn for everyone, and a marketing or publicity plan to start that process. |
19,755 | Please write an abstract with title: ContextPhone: a prototyping platform for context-aware mobile applications, and key words: Prototypes, Mobile handsets, Context-aware services, Global Positioning System, Humans, Context awareness, Smart phones, Application software, Automatic control, Communication system control. Abstract: Smart phones are a particularly tempting platform for building context-aware applications because they're programmable and often use well-known operating systems. There's a gap, however, between the operating systems' functionality and the features that application developers need. To fill this gap, we've designed and developed ContextPhone, a software platform consisting of four interconnected modules provided as a set of open source C++ libraries and source code components. ContextPhone runs on off-the-shelf mobile phones using Symbian OS and the Nokia Series 60 Smartphone platform. ContextPhone was developed using an iterative, human-centered design strategy. It thus helps developers more easily create applications that integrate into both existing technologies and users' everyday lives. |
19,756 | Please write an abstract with title: Vehicle-To-Grid: a Case Study of ATM E-Bus Depots in the City of Milan in Italy, and key words: Vehicle-to-grid, Power demand, Costs, Urban areas, Decision making, Companies, Market research. Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyze the possibility to introduce the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology in a Local Public Transport (LPT) bus service in the city of Milan in Italy. The research in focused on the bus fleet of ATM - Azienda Trasporti Milanesi - the public company that manages collective transport in the city of Milan. This work is enhanced by the rolling stock renewal campaign in course, providing an interesting future scenario, where mobility service is fully integrated with energy distribution service. The feasibility analysis is divided into two parts. The first one concerns an energy assessment comparing the energy demand and the energy available from the stationary buses in two depots managed by ATM. The second financial evaluation involves an estimate of the costs and revenues associated with energy trading during V2G service of the two depots. The analysis represents a valuable input to support the decision-making process related to the implementation of the V2G service by the transport and energy distribution companies. |
19,757 | Please write an abstract with title: To Type or Not to Type? A Systematic Comparison of the Software Quality of JavaScript and TypeScript Applications on GitHub, and key words: Codes, Correlation, Systematics, Statistical analysis, Computer bugs, Software quality, Complexity theory. Abstract: JavaScript (JS) is one of the most popular programming languages, and widely used for web apps, mobile apps, desktop clients, and even backend development. Due to its dynamic and flexible nature, however, JS applications often have a reputation for poor software quality. While the type-safe superset TypeScript (TS) offers features to address these prejudices, there is currently insufficient empirical evidence to broadly support the claim that TS applications exhibit better software quality than JS applications. We therefore conducted a repository mining study based on 604 GitHub projects (299 for JS, 305 for TS) with over 16M LoC. Using SonarQube and the GitHub API, we collected and analyzed four facets of software quality: a) code quality (# of code smells per LoC), b) code understandability (cognitive complexity per LoC), c) bug proneness (bug fix commit ratio), and d) bug resolution time (mean time a bug issue is open). For TS, we also collected how frequently the type-safety ignoring any type was used per project via ESLint. The analysis indicates that TS applications exhibit significantly better code quality and understandability than JS applications. Contrary to expectations, however, bug proneness and bug resolution time of our TS sample were not significantly lower than for JS: the mean bug fix commit ratio of TS projects was more than 60% larger (0.126 vs. 0.206), and TS projects needed on average more than an additional day to fix bugs (31.86 vs. 33.04 days). Furthermore, reducing the usage of the any type in TS apps appears to be beneficial: its frequency was significantly correlated with all metrics except bug proneness, even though the correlations were of small strengths (Spearman's rho between 0.17 and 0.26). Our results indicate that the perceived positive influence of Type-Script for avoiding bugs in comparison to JavaScript may be more complicated than assumed. While using TS seems to have benefits, it does not automatically lead to less and easier to fix bugs. However, more research is needed in this area, especially concerning the potential influence of project complexity and developer experience. |
19,758 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Method for Fault Location Considering Primary/Secondary Disconnection, and key words: Resistance, Analytical models, Adaptation models, Fault location, Power systems, Circuit faults, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: The traditional double terminal and single terminal fault location methods cannot locate the fault accurately in the event of the re-fault after disconnection of the secondary circuit or the overhead line. This paper analyzes why the traditional fault location methods cannot adapt to the re-fault after the disconnection of secondary circuit or the overhead line, puts forward an improved single terminal fault location algorithm, and on this basis raises a set of adaptive comprehensive fault location algorithm. Through theoretical derivation and RTDS simulation, it is proved that this method can effectively improve the fault location accuracy of re-grounding after disconnection of secondary circuit or overhead line without reducing the original fault location accuracy. |
19,759 | Please write an abstract with title: Algorithms to Synthesis for Adaptive Sub-Optimal Control of Dynamic Objects Based on Regular Methods, and key words: Information science, Adaptation models, Heuristic algorithms, Estimation, Communications technology, Trajectory, Dynamical systems. Abstract: Regular algorithms for the synthesis of adaptive suboptimal control of dynamic objects based on regular methods are presented. Moreover, the statistical properties of the variational method for identifying linear dynamical systems are described. To determine the variational estimate of the parameters on the system, the conditions of the minimum “distance” between the set of measurements and the set of trajectories of the model are used. The possibilities of the variational method are analyzed to solve the problem of parametric identification when the length of observation interval is limited. To add, the algorithms presented allow to regularize the considered problem of adaptive suboptimal control of dynamic objects based on regular methods. |
19,760 | Please write an abstract with title: New realization of OFCC Universal TAM filter: A Differentiator based approach, and key words: Band-pass filters, Transconductance, Capacitance, Impedance, Resistance, Maximum likelihood detection. Abstract: This paper proposes a Differentiator based Universal Trans Admittance Mode (TAM) Filter using Operational Floating Current Conveyor (OFCC). It uses three OFCC Blocks, three grounded resistances and two grounded capacitances. The circuit has high input as well as high output impedance which makes it suitable for interfacing between Voltage Mode and Current Mode circuits. Also, it employs only grounded components which makes it beneficial from fabrication point of view. The pole frequency is electronically tunable using MOS transistor-based implementation of grounded resistances. The functionality of the presented filter is verified by SPICE simulations using 0.5 μm technology parameters from MOSIS (AGILENT). |
19,761 | Please write an abstract with title: Security sheath and intelligence countermeasure in emergency of intricacy system, and key words: Artificial intelligence, Security, Postal services, Algorithm design and analysis, Genetic algorithms. Abstract: This text explores the process of responding to an emergency, and how to apply each artificial intelligence technique thereto. 1. Set up a security boundary sheath model of the system, use the "KDD" (knowledge discovery system) to search the badness of unexpected events which is about to break out, prevent it actively; 2. Make a whole analysis of the system in which happened the emergency, to prevent further problems; 3. Make use of the "extension analysis" and "genetic algorithms" to search and optimize whole condition. At last, present the rim picture of solve unexpected events discussed with artificial intelligence technique. |
19,762 | Please write an abstract with title: Aerodynamic Energy Harvesting for Electric Vehicles, and key words: Industries, Geometry, Shape, Drag, Ducts, Aerodynamics, Generators. Abstract: This study aims to achieve a method for harvesting energy from an automotive vehicle to improve its performance. A novel idea is discussed where the aerodynamic drag is used to harvest the energy from a car. This paper encloses virtual experiments and trials to use the vehicle's frontal area to channel the airflow at high speeds into a duct and generate power using a turbine generator system inside the duct. Numerous trials and simulations are done to optimize the experiment, and this paper gives a great insight into the possibility of harvesting energy utilizing the drag force experienced while driving a car at a considerable speed. The paper discusses the methods taken to design the duct inside the frontal area of the vehicle more efficient and robust in geometry, and also considers the shape of the frontal area so that it does not hamper the airflow reaching the duct, which in turn rotates the turbine forth the duct to generate power. All aspects of this paper are minutely taken care of, and the calculations are based on various assumptions mentioned in the paper itself. This paper focuses on a better way to harvest energy and is expected to be helpful in future studies and help the upcoming industry of electric cars. |
19,763 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-Rank Regularized Multimodal Representation for Micro-Video Event Detection, and key words: Event detection, Videos, Semantics, Correlation, Feature extraction, Covariance matrices, Laplace equations. Abstract: Currently, micro-videos are becoming one of the most representative products in the new media age. Although the length of micro-videos is limited to cater to the fast pace of life and are beneficial for rapid distribution, micro-videos are usually recorded in specific scenarios and tend to convey relatively complete events. To more accurately obtain the event types of micro-videos to facilitate potential applications, we propose a low-rank regularized multimodal representation method for micro-video event detection. To solve the less descriptive power of each modality, the latent common representation of micro-videos is obtained by exploiting complementarity among modalities. A considerable gain in accuracy on this basis can be achieved by further considering the low-rank constraint for the lowest-rank intrinsic representation and a flexible label-relaxation strategy for mappings between representations and their correspondences. A newly constructed micro-video dataset is used to verify the advantages of our proposed model. The experimental results demonstrated the superior performance of our proposed method compared with state-of-the-art methods. |
19,764 | Please write an abstract with title: Iterative synthesis of Petri net based deadlock prevention policy for flexible manufacturing systems, and key words: System recovery, Flexible manufacturing systems, Roentgenium, Automatic control, Control systems, Iterative methods, Petri nets, Control system synthesis, Laboratories, Intelligent manufacturing systems. Abstract: This work presents an iterative synthesis approach to Petri net based deadlock prevention policy for flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). Given the Petri net (PN) of an FMS prone to deadlock, the goal is to obtain a live controlled PN such that its use for control can lead to high utilization of system resources. In the proposed method, at each iteration, a first-met bad marking is singled out from the reachability graph of PN. The objective is to prevent this marking from being reached by a place invariant. To satisfy this place invariant, a well-established invariant-based control method is used to derive a control place with its related arcs and initial marking. This process is carried out until the PN becomes live. The method is easy to use, effective and straightforward. It is generally applicable-yet its offline computation is of exponential complexity. An example FMS is used to show the proposed method. |
19,765 | Please write an abstract with title: A unified approach for the design of 2-D digital filters via semidefinite programming, and key words: Digital filters, Finite impulse response filter, IIR filters, Minimax techniques, Modems, Design optimization, Algorithm design and analysis, Two dimensional displays, Linear programming, Frequency. Abstract: This paper attempts to demonstrate that a modem optimization methodology known as semidefinite programming (SDP) can serve as the algorithmic core of a unified design tool for a variety of two-dimensional (2-D) digital filters. Representative SDP-based designs presented in the paper include minimax and weighted least-squares designs of FIR filters with continuous and discrete coefficients, and minimax design of stable separable-denominator IIR filters. Our studies are motivated by the fact that SDP as a subclass of convex programming can be solved efficiently using recently developed interior-point methods and, more importantly, constraints on amplitude/phase responses in certain frequency regions and on stability (for IIR filters), that are often encountered in many filter design problems, can be formulated in a natural way as linear matrix inequalities (LMI) which allow SDP to apply. Design examples for each class of filters are included to demonstrate that SDP-based methods can in many cases be useful in producing optimal or near-optimal 2-D filters with reduced computational complexity. |
19,766 | Please write an abstract with title: Moving object tracking on panoramic images, and key words: Optical devices, Optical sensors, Cellular neural networks, Optical imaging, Real time systems, Image processing, Engines, Image sensors, Testing, Cameras. Abstract: Analogic CNN algorithms are combined with the special properties of a panoramic imaging device called PAL optics. The resulting system is capable to identify and track moving objects in 360 degrees field of view real-time. Image processing engine was the ALADDIN system with a 64/spl times/64 array size CNNUM chip. As the image sensor, we tested the optical input of the CNNUM chip in one experiment, and in other cases, we used a regular camera. |
19,767 | Please write an abstract with title: Passive RFID-based Intelligent Gloves for Alternative and Assistive Communication - A Preliminary Study, and key words: Meetings, Education, Thumb, Entertainment industry, Games, UHF antennas, Software. Abstract: We introduce intelligent gloves based on passive ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, which comprises of four antenna parts and three RFID integrated circuits (ICs). Each of the ICs (in middle finger, ring finger and small finger) have their unique IDs, which can be activated by gentle touch of thumb, and used to send a specific message, which is displayed on a computer screen. Two users tested the gloves in an office environment with M6 mercury RFID reader and a specially developed software. The achieved success rate in these preliminary tests was 100 %. We consider these results promising first steps for future wearable passive RFID-based augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) solutions. |
19,768 | Please write an abstract with title: Control of charging in high aspect ratio plasma etching of integrated circuits, and key words: Plasma applications, Etching, Plasma properties, Plasma devices, Surface charging, Plasma chemistry, Integrated circuit technology, Breakdown voltage, Plasma materials processing, Telecommunication control. Abstract: In this paper we discuss some recent studies on control of charging during plasma etching of silicon dioxide in integrated circuits. These are required to reduce the damage on the devices and allow further increase in speed and capacity of integrated circuits. Such possibilities have a bearing in development of telecommunications. In particular we discuss how properties of incoming ions, geometry of the nanostructure, aspect ratio and plasma properties affect the kinetics of charging. |
19,769 | Please write an abstract with title: Power-Law Exponent Modulated Multiscale Entropy: A Complexity Measure Applied to Physiologic Time Series, and key words: Complexity theory, Time series analysis, Physiology, Entropy, Biomedical measurement, Time measurement, White noise. Abstract: Quantifying the complexity of physiologic time series has long attracted interest from researchers. The multiscale entropy (MSE) algorithm is a prevailing method to quantify the complexity of signals in a variety of research fields. However, the MSE method assigns increased complexity to the mixed signal of a physiologic time series added with white noise, although the mixed signal should become less complex due to the broken correlation. In addition, the MSE method needs users to visually examine its scale dependence (shape) to better characterize the complexity of a physiologic process, which is sometimes not feasible. In this paper, we proposed a new method, namely the power-law exponent modulated multiscale entropy (pMSE), as a complexity measure for physiologic time series. We tested the pMSE method on simulated data and real-world physiologic interbeat interval time series and demonstrated that it could solve the above two difficulties of the MSE method. We expect that the proposed pMSE method or its future variants could serve as a useful complement to the MSE method for the complexity analysis of physiologic time series. |
19,770 | Please write an abstract with title: The Status Quo of English Educational Apps Based on Computer Information Technology, and key words: Learning systems, Vocabulary, Education, Educational technology, Software, Hardware, Information technology. Abstract: With the development of computer information technology, network education technology is widely used in English teaching. The application of information education technology to English teaching has become a common phenomenon in the field of education. At present, many scholars and scholars have begun to study the teaching methods of applying information education technology to foreign language teaching and teachers' attitudes towards information education technology. How to promote the effective use of English apps by English teachers in teaching has become an important research topic in English teaching today. In order to investigate the use of an English education app in English teaching, this article mainly uses the questionnaire method to study the situation of 400 students in a university's English audiovisual course using English education apps. The survey results show that most students use English Apps in English learning, and the application of information education technology to college English teaching has become very common. However, there are still some problems in English teaching, such as poor self-control of students and many English education App advertisements, which can easily distract English learners. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the author puts forward the following suggestions to improve the construction of information education technology hardware and software and reduce spam advertisements. Cultivate students' ability to use English education apps for autonomous learning. |
19,771 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybridizing Euclidean and Hyperbolic Similarities for Attentively Refining Representations in Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images, and key words: Tokenization, Benchmark testing, Water resources, Remote sensing, Neural networks, Extraterrestrial measurements, Correlation. Abstract: Attention mechanisms (AMs) have revolutionized the semantic segmentation network in interpreting remote sensing images (RSIs) due to their amazing ability in establishing contextual dependencies. Nevertheless, due to the complex scenes and diverse objects in RSIs, a variety of details and correlations are not available in Euclidean space. Therefore, a similarity-hybrid attention module (SHAM) is devised to attentively learn the hyperbolic and Euclidean attention maps between any two positions, followed by a weighted elementwise summation. The hybrid attention maps posses latent geometric properties of both Euclidean and hyperboloid. Taking commonly used fully convolutional network (FCN) as baseline, hybrid attention-enhanced neural network (HAENet) that embeds SHAM is presented. Experiments on International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) Potsdam and DeepGlobe benchmarks reveal its superiority to comparative methods. In addition, the ablation study validates the effectiveness of SHAM compared with other attention modules. |
19,772 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of odd-periodic complementary binary signal set, and key words: Signal design, Binary sequences, Autocorrelation, Personal communication networks, Spread spectrum communication, Sun. Abstract: Two or more sequences are called a set of odd-periodic complementary sequences (OPCS) if the sum of their respective odd-periodic autocorrelation function is a delta function. In this paper, the definition of OPCS is given. The construction and synthesis methods of OPCS are discussed. The relation of the sets of odd-periodic complementary binary sequences with the sets of periodic complementary binary sequences is pointed out. We get some new PCS. |
19,773 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance evaluation of the isolated bidirectional Cuk converter with integrated magnetics, and key words: Inductors, Switching converters, Assembly, Power electronics, Switches, Magnetic switching, Switching frequency, Couplings, Topology, Diodes. Abstract: In this paper, an isolated bidirectional DC/DC Cuk converter featuring high power density, zero input/output current ripples, and symmetrical design is presented. The magnetic components of the converter, which include the input inductor, the output inductor, and the isolation transformer, are assembled together in one magnetic structure. The magnetic assembly is modeled and designed using the gyrator-capacitor (G-C) approach. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the converter performance in both forward and backward modes of operation. The effect of the switching frequency on the percentage current ripples is discussed. |
19,774 | Please write an abstract with title: A decentralized prediction market platform based on blockchain and masternode technologies, and key words: Blockchain, Servers, Bitcoin, Task analysis, Stakeholders, Energy consumption, Safety. Abstract: Prediction market can help to trade the outcome of events, which is very useful for risk hedging, especially when people are making business ventures. However, the traditional prediction market is centralized, which means the platform is completely controlled by just one person or team. This centralization has bad influence on the platform to obtaining trust from massive users. So it is important for the prediction market industry to decentralize the traditional platform into a decentralized one, and get its control from few person and give it back to a lot of people in the prediction market community. Blockchain is a very promising technology to make it true as it is a popular decentralizing technology. However, existing blockchain technologies like Bitcoin or Ethernum bring about new problems like high energy consumption, expensive fee, and very low system capacity, which is not suitable for the current prediction market. To solve these problems, we propose to combine masternode technology together with blockchain to serve as a decentralized node, and each masternode is deployed and running on an edge server in mobile edge network. The network of master-nodes serves together as the decentralized prediction market platform. As we know, it is not easy to run a masternode. So the number of masternodes is much less than the number of complete nodes of the blockchain. As a result, it is easier to reach the consensus among these masternodes. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that our proposed method is useful. |
19,775 | Please write an abstract with title: LWM2M for Cellular IoT: Protocol Implementation and Performance Evaluation, and key words: CIoT, Application Protocols, Overhead, LWM2M, Library, NB-IoT. Abstract: With the growing number of IoT devices, numerous IoT protocols are being developed to provide the market with options based on product requirements. With the release of cellular IoT (CIoT) technologies in the Czech Republic, recently LTE Cat-M, the focus shifts towards not only satisfying the requirements of the device application but also minimizing the generated traffic and overall co-existence of many devices under one cell. It led to the modification of the existing and the creation of new IoT protocols designed to generate as little overhead traffic as possible while adopting the existing well-known communication schemes. Namely, the new UDP-based protocol for IoT, LWM2M strives to be the alternative to the well-established IoT protocols used outside of CIoT. This paper explains the communication principles and capabilities of the well-established IoT protocols with a heavy focus on the LWM2M protocol. Further, it describes difficulties during user implementation of the LWM2M protocol. Furthermore, two carefully designed scenarios are used to compare the differences among these protocols, focusing on generated overhead as it is subject to a fee paid to the network operators within the CIoT networks. |
19,776 | Please write an abstract with title: PDE based Diffusion Filters for Image Denoising, and key words: Linear diffusion, Perona malik model, edge enhancing and filter. Abstract: The main purpose of reducing noise is to enhance the quality of an image and to provide efficient information that are too minute. So, the main focus is on methods utilizing partial differential equations for removing the noise from the image. This paper focuses on utilizing diffusion equations, both isotropic and anisotropic diffusion, to reduce the noise level of the image. Specifically, we study the effectiveness of linear and nonlinear diffusion filters. Here we mainly discuss about following three models: Linear diffusion model and its limitations; Perona Malik model and its limitations; Edge Enhancing diffusion model (EED) and its limitations. |
19,777 | Please write an abstract with title: Object Detection in unmanned vehicle with End-to End Edge-Enhanced GAN and Object Detector Network, and key words: Location awareness, Uncertainty, Image edge detection, Object detection, Detectors, Generative adversarial networks, Unmanned vehicles. Abstract: This paper proposes an efficient method for image detection for unmanned cars based on vision, and solves the problem of false localization for unmanned cars. The current SR methods based on deep learning have shown remarkable comparative advantages but remain unsatisfactory in recovering the high-frequency edge details of the images in noise-contaminated imaging conditions, we add Edge enhancement network (EEN) to GAN network to recover the high-frequency edge details. For the problem of false localization, we build a model of the bounding box of YOLOv3 with a Gaussian parameter and redesign the loss function. By using the predicted localization uncertainty and edge enhancement network, during the detection process, the proposed schemes can significantly reduce the FP and recover the high-frequency edge details. Compared to a conventional YOLOv3, the proposed algorithm, End-to-End Edge-Enhanced GAN and Object Detector Network improves the mean average precision by 4.2 on the COCO datasets. |
19,778 | Please write an abstract with title: Parameters Estimation of Photovoltaic Modules Using Optimization Methods Based on Metaheuristics, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Analytical models, Parameter estimation, Metaheuristics, Optimization methods, Estimation, Stochastic processes. Abstract: This paper deals to evaluate a model already developed for photovoltaic (PV) modules, called global nonlinear model. Based in electrical circuit of a single-diode for PV modules' the main goal is to perform through a comparative study of precision with applying the optimization methods Pattern Search (PS), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) in the process of parameters estimating in the PV module model. The global nonlinear model was initially proposed with a process for estimating its parameters using the PS optimization method, therefore, it is necessary to evaluate new optimization methods in the parameter estimation process of this model. Therefore, the precision of the global nonlinear model and optimization methods were evaluated, that is, its ability to predict the behavior of I- V and P- V curves based on comparison with experimental curves, using the Mean Absolute Error in Power (MAEP) as a comparative indicator for the PV module technologies of mono crystalline silicon, polycrys-talline silicon, amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride. The results showed that stochastic metaheuristic optimization methods can lead to good results in estimating the parameters of the evaluated PV modules model. |
19,779 | Please write an abstract with title: Field test results on the stability of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules manufactured in the 1990s, and key words: Testing, Stability, Crystallization, Silicon, Photovoltaic systems, Solar power generation, Manufacturing, Degradation, Performance loss, Delamination. Abstract: The long-term stability of crystalline silicon (p-Si and c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules manufactured in the 1990s has been studied. Approximately 2,000 modules were investigated after nearly 10 years of exposure. About 150 of these modules were evaluated by indoor I-V measurements and analyzed to determine their degradation tendency. An average performance loss of less than 0.5%/year was estimated. We found three dominant degradation modes for crystalline Si PV modules, which represent the main problems for achieving 30-year lifetimes. Visual defects caused by delamination between the cells and the potent EVA were observed. In addition, two dominant degradation modes without visual features were found by analysis of the I-V data. One is accompanied by a decrease in the fill factor (FF), the other is accompanied by a decrease in both the short circuit current (I/sub sc/) and the open circuit voltage (V/sub oc/). The degradation in FF was analyzed. |
19,780 | Please write an abstract with title: Zonotope Order Reduction in Robust Estimation, and key words: Strips, Fault detection, Real-time systems, Computational efficiency, Complexity theory, State estimation, Reachability analysis. Abstract: Zonotopes are symmetric polytopes that are widespread in reachability analysis, fault detection, hybrid systems, and robust estimation and control. In these applications, recursive computations with zonotopes increase the complexity of the zonotopes (order of the zonotopes) along with the computational cost. Therefore, a zonotope order reduction is necessary for real-time applicability. In this paper, a new zonotope order reduction method is proposed. The new method is based on the combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization. The method is tested under two different zonotopic state estimation approaches. Results show that the performance of the proposed method is better with respect to the volume of the reduced zonotope. |
19,781 | Please write an abstract with title: A General Arthropod Joint Model and its Applications in Modeling Human Robotic Joints, and key words: Exoskeletons, Biological system modeling, Fasteners, Robots, Insects, Couplings, Kinematics. Abstract: Bearings are common rotational units, but these monocentric units do not realize high bio-imitability in exoskeleton robots. A common way to realize bionic motion is with an n-bar linkage mechanism within bearings, but the resultant joints can become complex. Herein, we propose a joint model based on the anatomy of grasshopper joints that consists of a pair of conjugate surfaces and a flexible connection body. An anatomical experiment involving crabs and lobsters reveals that the proposed joint model exists among crustaceans, which makes it a general joint structure for arthropods. After measuring the kinematic properties of crab and lobster joints, we have modified the joint model for robotics applications. An optimization algorithm is proposed for the design of the joint. A prototype of a bionic joint is fabricated and its kinematic characteristics are verified. The arthropod joint model is a promising mechanical unit in bionic robots. |
19,782 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Ledger Data Exchange Model Based on a Multilayer Approach, and key words: Cloud computing, Distributed ledger, Computational modeling, Buildings, Distributed databases, Nonhomogeneous media, Data models. Abstract: As part of the modern approach to “digitalization”, distributed ledger systems are used more intensively as promising tools with a breakthrough innovative potential. This paper presents a possible implementation of a distributed ledger system using the cloud, fog, edge computing, and IoT technology. The paper describes the aspects that should be considered when building a distributed ledger architecture optimization model (dynamic distribution of network services, explosive volumes of maintenance traffic, difficult-to-predict heterogeneous nature of data traffic from various IoT devices). The relevance of using a fractal model to describe data traffic in a distributed ledger network is shown. The research presents a formalized problem definition of minimizing data traffic and network load, which takes into account the distribution of data processing and storing assets, as well as the implementation of services in the cloud, fog, and edge computing environments to create an optimal multilayer topology of the computer network architecture based on a distributed ledger system. The experimental results for Poisson and fractal traffic models obtained using a genetic optimization algorithm with a variable mutation are presented. |
19,783 | Please write an abstract with title: A method for fabricating collagen membranes with microporous structure: applications in tissue engineering, and key words: Biomembranes, Tissue engineering, Thermal degradation, Biological materials, Polymer gels, Cells (biology), Lead, Solvents, Scanning electron microscopy, Pins. Abstract: The goal of this project was to create membranes with a microporous architecture capable of supporting layers of cultured cells while preserving the molecular structure and mechanical integrity of the collagen. In this study, we investigated several methods for fabricating porous membranes and showed that porous collagen membranes could be formed using a combination of fibril formation, controlled drying, and freeze-drying. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of these collagen membranes indicate that a microporous architecture was created by modulating the processing of the membrane. Ultimately, the ability to regulate porosity will lead to improved control in the overall performance of a tissue engineered construct. |
19,784 | Please write an abstract with title: Wide-Beam Rectenna Design Using Multi-port Metasurface-Based Antenna, and key words: Antenna measurements, Rectennas, Bandwidth, Metasurfaces, Current distribution, Computational electromagnetics, Antenna feeds. Abstract: The design of a wide beamwidth rectenna utilizing a multi-port metasurface (MTS) antenna for energy harvesting (EH) is described in this paper. In order to extend the narrow beam of a conventional rectenna to successfully convert enough low power in the circuit stage of harvesters, a three-port wide-beamwidth nonuniform MTS antenna is presented. In this antenna, two modes are excited through the middle and the side apertures. The first one is the fundamental MTS mode, with inphase current distribution and a directional radiation pattern. The second one is the higher MTS mode, with opposite current distributions and a directional tilted-angle radiation pattern. The key advantage of this MTS antenna is that the effective MTS area is reused by the three ports for three different radiation modes with different radiation patterns simultaneously. Incident radio frequency waves from different directions can be collected by the metasurface and fed to one of the three ports depending on the incident angle. Then, the direct current (DC) power after rectification at the three ports is combined to achieve a wide beam effectively. The measured main beamwidth of the combined rectenna is 114°. The main beam angles of the three ports are −35°, 0° and +35° respectively. An RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of 6%–67% was achieved at 2.45 GHz when the input power ranged from −30 to 0 dBm. |
19,785 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation Comparison of Hot-Carrier Degradation in Nanowire, Nanosheet and Forksheet FETs, and key words: Degradation, Microprocessors, Field effect transistors, Computer architecture, Logic gates, Hot carriers, Interface states. Abstract: Forksheet (FS) FETs are a novel transistor architecture consisting of vertically stacked nFET and pFET sheets at opposite sides of a dielectric wall. The wall allows reducing the p- to nFET separation (p-to-n separation), thus enabling further logic cell area scaling without requiring gate length scaling. We report hot-carrier degradation (HCD) simulations of FS FETs and compare this architecture to nanowire (NW) and nanosheet (NS) FETs. HCD is shown to decrease with increasing sheet width in both NS and FS FETs when taking interface state generation into account. Considering that a FS FET can be made wider than an NS FET because of the reduced p-to-n separation, lower HCD for the FS FET is observed. Finally, we make an initial assessment of the impact of oxide defect charging in the FS wall. We confirm decreasing influence of fixed wall charge for increasing sheet widths and estimate that the overall impact of wall charging will stay under control at operating conditions. |
19,786 | Please write an abstract with title: Cable towed body dynamics, and key words: Marine vehicles, Equations, Hydrodynamics, Communication cables, Vehicle dynamics, Gravity, Ocean waves, Machinery, Sea surface, Surface treatment. Abstract: In recent years a large number of towed bodies for military and commerieal ocean engineering purposes have been put into service. A general trend in this activity is that towed bodies are getting larger, towing speed is getting faster and the operating depth of towed bodies is getting deeper. Towing vehicle, tow line and towed body are not only subjected to ocean wave, wind and current but also subjected to vibration excitation force due to flow around tow line and machinery of towing vehicle. In this paper the equilibrium attitude and altitude of towed body, and equilibrium configuration of cable when towing vehicle is advancing at constant speed is discussed. In addition, the dynamic characteristics of tow line due to tow point motion excitation is discussed. Finally, the considerations required to select a right tow line for the towing applications are listed. |
19,787 | Please write an abstract with title: Phone Distribution Estimation for Low Resource Languages, and key words: Conferences, Fitting, Estimation, Signal processing algorithms, Speech recognition, Signal processing, Acoustics. Abstract: Phones are critical components in various computational linguistic fields, for example, phone distributions could be helpful in speech recognition and speech synthesis. Traditional approaches to estimate phone distributions typically involve G2P systems which are either manually designed by linguists or trained on large datasets. These prohibitive requirements make research on low resource languages extremely challenging. In this work, we propose a novel approach to estimate phone distributions by only requiring raw audio datasets: We first estimate the phone ranks by combining language-independent recognition results and Learning to Rank results. Next, we approximate the distribution with Expectation-Maximization by fitting Yule distribution. The results on 7 languages show the joint-model has better performance in both ranking estimation and distribution estimation tasks. |
19,788 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Analysis of Conventional PID and Adaptive Control For Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robot, and key words: Torque, Simulation, Position control, Rehabilitation robotics, Muscles, Position measurement, Stability analysis. Abstract: A human muscle possesses the characteristics of recovering itself from any kind of stroke-effect disability or spasm if it keeps on repeating certain movements along a certain path. Rehabilitation robots have been recognized by researchers as one of the best techniques for the rehabilitation of impaired limbs. In this paper, a single degree of freedom rehabilitation robot has been developed and its movement has been controlled by using PID and adaptive control techniques. Accuracy in position control and stability of the system are two prime aspects of rehabilitation which one keeps in mind while designing a recovery device. These two aspects have been analyzed by using PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) and adaptive control algorithms under perturbed conditions. This analysis was carried out to learn which control algorithm is better suited for upper limb rehabilitation robots if there is some sort of external disturbance or a muscle stiffness is introduced to the robot in the form of load torque, which varies from patient to patient. The results prove that the proposed adaptive control technique is able to deal with unsettling conditions and perform the operation in a better way than conventional controllers. |
19,789 | Please write an abstract with title: Goal-Oriented Communication for Edge Learning Based On the Information Bottleneck, and key words: Image edge detection, Neural networks, Receivers, Signal processing, Random variables, Resource management, Task analysis. Abstract: Whenever communication takes place to fulfill a goal, an effective way to encode the source data to be transmitted is to use an encoding rule that allows the receiver to meet the requirements of the goal. A formal way to identify the relevant information with respect to a goal can be obtained exploiting the information bottleneck (IB) principle. In this paper, we propose a goal-oriented communication system, based on the combination of IB and stochastic optimization. The IB principle is used to design the encoder in order to find an optimal balance between representation complexity and relevance of the en-coded data with respect to the goal. Stochastic optimization is then used to adapt the parameters of the IB to find an efficient resource allocation of communication and computation resources. Our goal is to minimize the average energy consumption under constraints on average service delay and accuracy of the learning task applied to the received data in a dynamic scenario. Numerical results assess the performance of the proposed strategy in two cases: regression from Gaussian random variables, where we can exploit closed-form solutions, and image classification using deep neural networks, with adaptive network splitting between transmit and receive sides. |
19,790 | Please write an abstract with title: Fault Location for Three-Ended Ring-Topology Power System Using Minimum GPS-Based Measurements and CVT/CT Sensing, and key words: Fault location, Phasor measurement units, Transmission line measurements, Sensors, Voltage measurement, Synchronization, Indexes. Abstract: This paper presents a fault location technique for homogeneous ring-topology power transmission systems using synchrophasors sensed from the instruments in the power Internet of Things (IoT), such as Global Positioning System (GPS) based Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) or Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) with embedded GPS. Moreover, with a view to reducing the influence of measurement errors on fault location estimation, minimum demands for GPS-based equipment and Capacitor Voltage Transformer (CVT)/Current Transformer (CT) transducers are also considered when deriving the proposed algorithm. A unique fault locator is thus developed to recognize the faulted line branch as well as pinpoint the fault position at the same time. Not only can the proposed method avoid iterative operations, but it is also free from the problems of multiple solutions, fault type selections, and fault-path/source impedance assumptions. Last but not the least, extensive simulations considering 161 kV overhead-line parameters of Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) and actual non-ideal sensing/measurement phenomena are conducted to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the suggested idea. |
19,791 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of Solar Energy in Chile and the World, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Electric potential, Renewable energy sources, Pandemics, Conferences, Solar energy, Production. Abstract: Chile is a country with a huge potential for solar energy. This paper presents an analyses of the global situation of solar energy, identifying the geographical regions with the maximum potential source of solar energy. These areas tend to be in desert locations, since this is where the greatest irradiance is concentrated. A prediction of the potential situation in 2030 is considered. The Chilean desert is considered, identifying the photovoltaic electricity potential and mentioning the current and future projects that will significantly increase the photovoltaic generation of the country. |
19,792 | Please write an abstract with title: The alignment of Internet commercial operations with information technology with organisational operations, and key words: Internet, Information technology, Business, Couplings, Profitability, Convergence, Computer networks, Telecommunication computing, Publishing, Communication industry. Abstract: Over the past decade the Internet has taken off and organizations will reap its benefits. E-commerce will therefore emerge as an effective mode of creating new markets although managers still doubt the impact and profitability it has. Enabled by global telecommunication networks and the convergence of computing, telecom, entertainment, and publishing industries, e-commerce is complimenting (maybe replacing) traditional commerce. In the process it is creating new opportunities and challenges for today's businesses (e.g. creating new market structures, and changing the alignment of the organisation). |
19,793 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimation of Conductivity at Reduced Time for Sensing Moisture Content of Oil-Paper Insulation, and key words: Conductivity, Power transformer insulation, Oil insulation, Frequency measurement, Conductivity measurement, Current measurement. Abstract: Conductivity is an important parameter which has definite correlation with the amount of moisture present within the transformer insulation. However, in existing methods conductivity is usually estimated from time domain (PDC) measurement, which is inadvertently noise prone and time consuming. Considering this issue, in this article presents a novel technique for conductivity estimation for moisture sensing of oil-paper insulation using frequency domain spectroscopy measurement (FDS). To this end, FDS measurement of oil-paper insulation was performed from 50mHz to 1kHz to obtain the imaginary complex permittivity ε"(ω), which is a function of conductivity (σ) as well as imaginary complex susceptibility χ"(ω). From the knowledge of frequency variation of both σ and χ"(ω), we developed an electrical equivalent model of the insulation. The equivalent model parameters were optimized until ε"(ω) computed from the proposed model and that obtained from original FDS measurement were almost identical. The conductivity values obtained from the equivalent model showed good agreement when compared with PDC measurement. To validate the practicability of the proposed method, experiments were conducted on various test samples and also on a few real life transformers. Most importantly, the measurement time was found to be reduced by 78.5%, enabling diagnosis of transformer insulation at a significantly reduced time. |
19,794 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Analysis of Highly Directional Acoustic Vector Sensor for Underwater Applications, and key words: Mutual coupling, Inertial sensors, Performance analysis, Underwater acoustics, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: Highly directional acoustic vector sensor (HDAVS) is an advanced form of an underwater acoustic vector sensor (AVS). HDAVS is made by placing multiple inertial sensors along the axes d distance apart. The directivity of HDAVS is dependent on inter sensor distance d. In this paper we have analyzed the performance of a HDAVS as a function of various parameters for underwater application. We analyze the directivity by varying the inter sensor distance d. We have also analyzed the effect on HDAVS SNR in presence of correlated and uncorrelated noise. |
19,795 | Please write an abstract with title: Power supply interference rejection in commercial digital sensors with PWM output, and key words: Pulse width modulation, Power supplies, Interference, Frequency, Threshold voltage, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Power measurement, Signal processing, Capacitors, Space vector pulse width modulation. Abstract: The frequency dependence of the power supply interference rejection of four commercial digital sensors with PWM output has been experimentally analyzed because data sheets do not fully specify it, neither do they describe the measurement method in detail. In some sensors, the mean and standard deviation of the output depend on the amplitude and frequency of sine wave interference added to their supply voltage. Bias errors arise from locking effects when the interfering frequency is close to the output frequency or an integer multiple of it, and increase with the interference amplitude. For a 100 mV amplitude sine wave interference, the standard deviation can be from 3 to 100 times that obtained when the supply voltage is clean. |
19,796 | Please write an abstract with title: A system level approach in designing dual-duplex fault tolerant embedded systems, and key words: Fault tolerant systems, Embedded system, Power system reliability, Hardware, Energy consumption, Embedded software, Computer architecture, Process design, Redundancy, Performance gain. Abstract: This paper presents an approach for designing embedded systems able to tolerate hardware faults, defined as an evolution of our previous work proposing an hardware/software co-design framework for realizing reliable embedded systems. The framework is extended to support the designer in achieving embedded systems with fault tolerant properties minimizing overheads and limiting power consumption. A reference system architecture is proposed; the specific hardware/software implementation and reliability methodologies (to achieve the fault tolerance properties) are the result of an enhanced hw/sw partitioning process driven by the designer' constraints and by the reliability constraints, set at the beginning of the design process. By introducing also the reliability constraints during specification, the final system can benefit from the introduced redundancy also for performance gains, while limiting area, time, performance and power consumption overheads. |
19,797 | Please write an abstract with title: Examples of processing low-frequency oscillations in Russia and ways to improve the analysis, and key words: Power measurement, Current measurement, Power system stability, Power system harmonics, Harmonic analysis, Phasor measurement units, Stability analysis. Abstract: The current state of the synchrophasor measurement (SPM) technology opens up new possibilities for analyzing the operating modes of power systems. One of the most important applications of processing the SPM data is monitoring of the power system oscillatory stability. It includes the analysis of low-frequency oscillations (LFO). The problem of detecting the source of LFO is one of the most urgent. This paper considers the methods for detecting the LFO source. One of them estimates the quantity and direction of the flow of oscillation energy. Another one compares the amplitude-phase characteristics of the processed signals. Examples of real LFO in the Russian power system, given in the paper, illustrate various aspects of the analysis. The research proposes ways to improve the methods of analysis of the LFO based on the ideas about the structure of the phasor measurement units signals. |
19,798 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of a spray acid tool for selectively etching under bump metallurgy films used in flip chip applications, and key words: Spraying, Flip chip, Sputter etching, Time of arrival estimation, Chemistry, Optimization methods, Manufacturing processes, Computer displays, Temperature, Packaging. Abstract: A methodology for optimizing and characterizing processes for selectively etching Cu underbump metallurgy in the presence of Pb-Sn solder in spray acid tools is discussed. Wafers with the following UBM and bump structure were used in this study: sputtered TiW/sputtered Cu/electroplated Cu stud/electroplated Pb-Sn solder. The development of a manufacturable etch process is illustrated by discussing the method used to establish the process for selectively etching the sputtered Cu film using a commercial, two-component, ammoniacal Cu etch chemistry. The average etch rate on monitors with blanket sputtered Cu films, placed in all slots of the tool clamshell, was used to establish a non-uniformity factor (/spl eta/), which is defined as the ratio of the etch rate in the slot displaying the fastest etch rate to the etch rate in the slot displaying the slowest etch rate. Under ideal conditions the non-uniformity factor should be unity. Over the parameter space investigated it was found that the non-uniformity factor was minimized with the following conditions: temperature of 27/spl deg/C, RPM of 20, pump pressure of 52 psi, etchant flow rate of 6 liters/min, and a 25% solution of the two-component etch chemistry, with the two-components in a 1:3 proportion. Flip chip packages containing electroplated Cu stud and solder bump structures require selective etching of the underlying underbump metallurgy layers that serve as a diffusion barrier and as an electrical bus layer for the electroplating process. In this paper the characterization of a spray acid tool for selectively etching the sputtered Cu bus layer from multiple wafers simultaneously is discussed. The use of the non-uniformity parameter, /spl eta/, defined earlier, to establish the preliminary process is presented. /spl eta/ was also used to understand the parameters that controlled the uniformity of the spray pattern. In particular the effect of pump pressure, flow rate, and etchant composition on /spl eta/ was used to establish the levels of these variables for the Cu etch process. The preliminary Cu etch process was confirmed with a full lot containing 25 blanket Cu wafers. A maximum overetch of 39% was obtained for the full lot. |
19,799 | Please write an abstract with title: Accurate modeling of optical multiplexer/demultiplexer concatenation in transparent multiwavelength optical networks, and key words: Multiplexing, Optical filters, Optical receivers, Optical pulse shaping, Arrayed waveguide gratings, Optical fiber networks, Error probability, Optical waveguides, Frequency, Network topology. Abstract: This paper presents an accurate theoretical model for the study of concatenation of optical multiplexers/demultiplexers (MUXs/DMUXs) in transparent multiwavelength optical networks. The model is based on a semianalytical technique for the evaluation of the error probability of the network topology. The error-probability evaluation takes into account arbitrary pulse shapes, arbitrary optical MUX/DMUX, and electronic low-pass filter transfer functions, and non-Gaussian photocurrent statistics at the output of the direct-detection receiver. To illustrate the model, the cascadability of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) routers in a transparent network element chain is studied. The performance of the actual network is compared to the performance of a reference network with ideal optical MUXs/DMUXs. The optical power penalty at an error probability of 10/sup -9/ is calculated as a function of the number of cascaded AWG routers, the bandwidth of AWG routers, and the laser carrier frequency offset from the channel's nominal frequency. |
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