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19,600 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure Communication for Multiquadrotor Networks Using Ethereum Blockchain, and key words: Contracts, Robot kinematics, Software, Hardware. Abstract: Ethereum blockchain is a powerful, open-source technology for creating decentralized and secure information sharing systems. The main contribution of this article is the experimental validation of an Ethereum blockchain-based software and hardware architecture that enables secure communication for multiple small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUAVs). The experiments involved three DJI M100 quadrotors that shared images captured during flight based on smart contracts created using Ethereum’s Turing complete programming language. The smart contract was designed so that only the intended recipient sUAV could access a specific image. The effect of image size, difficulty level, and consensus algorithms on image transfer times during flight are noted and point to the feasibility of this system in practical missions. The effects of wireless network disruptions on the Ethereum network are documented. The fully documented smart contract code is open sourced to assist readers in quick prototyping. As efforts for decentralization and security of multirobot systems continue to grow, the system architecture and implementation detailed here may serve as a guide for future research. |
19,601 | Please write an abstract with title: A Mapping-Based Convex Constraint-Handling Technique for Evolutionary Algorithms, and key words: Instruments, Transforms, Evolutionary computation, Search problems, Linear programming, Optimization, Portfolios. Abstract: This paper proposes a new mapping-based constraint-handling technique for Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) applied to linearly constrained optimization problems in which the feasible region is given by a convex hull. The search space of EAs is usually given by a hyper-cube. The proposed technique called Convex-Hull (CH) mapping transforms a real vector in the search space of EA to a solution in the feasible region. Therefore, CH-mapping makes any EAs applicable directly to linearly constrained optimization problems. The performance of Differential Evolution (DE) using CH-mapping is evaluated on test problems and a real-world application, namely the portfolio optimization problem. |
19,602 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Giant Frisbee Risk Assessment Based on Human Reliability Analysis, and key words: Safety, Task analysis, Reliability, Accidents, Probability, Monitoring, Belts. Abstract: The paper makes Human Reliability Analysis on a typical amusement ride - the Giant Frisbee by using Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method in order to help improve the safety in the operation of this machine. The study analyzes the accident cases of the Giant Frisbee and decomposes the task for the machine operation process by using Task Analysis Method so as to identify the key tasks operated by human and the possible operation risks. The study makes use of Contextual Control Model to identify cognitive behaviors and cognitive functions for each subtask of the Giant Frisbee and to determine CPC levels, performance reliability and weight factors. The paper identifies the basic failure modes of each subtask and then calculates the corresponding failure probability. The overall probability of the Giant Frisbee's failure to complete the task is 0.12015, where the boarding task stage is the point with highest risk throughout the machine operation. |
19,603 | Please write an abstract with title: Research Methodology of Emergency Surgical conditions with penetrating injuries using statistical methods., and key words: telemedicine technologies, medical diagnostics. computer simulation, through gunshot wound, internal wound ballistics, finite element method. Abstract: Considering the extreme importance of quick and reliable diagnosis of the actual condition of victims of bullet and shrapnel wounds, the issue of developing new medical technologies for this process is a very urgent task of the pre-operative period of their treatment and rehabilitation. In this sense, a new scientific approach is proposed, which is based on the use of statistical information that can be obtained from physical models of the process of passage of a penetrating object through substances that have physical properties similar to biological tissues. This work involves a comprehensive analysis of high-speed deformation and damage of a human soft tissue simulator under the penetrating impact of a firearm both by means of experimental full-scale ballistic tests and computer simulations. These studies are aimed at studying the patterns of internal wound ballistics and creating a methodology for predicting the volume of gunshot injuries for medical use. |
19,604 | Please write an abstract with title: Traffic Congestion Avoidance System Using Foreground Estimation and Cascade Classifier, and key words: Vehicle detection, Roads, Estimation, Monitoring, Traffic congestion, Histograms, Urban areas. Abstract: In recent decades, the traffic on road increased in a huge number. It is very important to manage the safety of the humans as well as to make an efficient flow of the traffic. To manage the traffic flow and to overcome from the situation of the traffic congestion the vehicle detection and counting needs a greater amount of accuracy. In this work, two different techniques are proposed that provides better performance in terms of F-Measure score and Error Ratio. The first technique is based on the foreground estimation while the second proposed technique is based on the training of dataset using a cascade classifier which is based on the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). Furthermore, four images are provided at once to the proposed system to count the vehicles and generate a signal that shows a greater number of vehicles in that image. The priority of each image will be set on the basics of greater number of vehicles present. The proposed techniques showed outstanding performance on a sunny and a cloudy day which is verified from the experimental results. |
19,605 | Please write an abstract with title: Gradual Fault Condition Detection in the Outer Race of Induction Motor Hybrid Bearings Based on Stray Flux and LDA-FFNN Approaches, and key words: Vibrations, Induction motors, Network topology, Neural networks, Rolling bearings, Maintenance engineering, Feature extraction. Abstract: The electric motors are yet important elements at industry since they represent the major energy consumption around the world. Any improvement in its operation could yield significant energy and costs savings. Among the elements that compose an induction motor the rolling bearings are one of the most analyzed parts because they suffer directly the motor loads and speeds changes. There exist different materials for the rolling bearings, and the lifespan of this elements depends on an adequate maintenance. Therefore, this work presents an approach for detecting the gradual fault condition in the outer race of an induction motor hybrid bearings based on the stray flux signals acquired around the motor case. These signals are processed by extracting statistical and non-statistical features for generating a high dimensional matrix, which can be reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) optimizing the identifications of the classes detected. Then a simple topology of a Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) is in charge for making the fault conditions classification. The obtained results are compared with other signals like current and vibration to show the reliability of the stray flux in the fault analysis field. |
19,606 | Please write an abstract with title: Validation of portable muscle tone measurement device based on a motor-driven system, and key words: Muscles, Electrical resistance measurement, Biomedical measurements, Velocity measurement, Pressure measurement, Wrist, System testing, Torque, Neurons, Sensor systems. Abstract: As a component of upper motor neuron syndrome, assessment of abnormality in muscle tone, including spasticity and rigidity, is a routine clinical examination. The aim of this study Is to extend a sophisticated motor-driven measurement system, developed in our previous research, as a validation platform for developing a portable muscle tone measurement system. The main features of hand-held muscle tone measurement device are small angular-rate sensor for recording stretch velocity and light air-bag cuff for measuring the pressure difference at two sides of the wrist. To test the validity, the measurements recorded from the portable device shows good correlation with that recorded from the motor-driven system after removing the gravitational effect. To differentiate the normal from abnormal muscle tone, the slope of stretch resistance versus position was used to differentiate the normal muscle tone from that of a parkinsonism. However, there several factors, including the application of air-bag, the air-filled pressure, and the stretch velocity, could affect the accuracy in using the hand-held device for muscle tone assessment. |
19,607 | Please write an abstract with title: Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network for Real-Time Arrhythmia Classification on Low-Power Wearable Electrocardiograph, and key words: Performance evaluation, Power demand, Wearable computers, Microprocessors, Electrocardiography, Rhythm, Real-time systems. Abstract: In this study, a lightweight CNN-based electrocardiogram (ECG) classification model is implemented to operate it on a wearable device for real-time arrhythmia detection by efficiently reducing the number of parameters of the model. Ten second-windowed ECGs from three different public ECG databases were used to learn and classify them into four classes: normal sinus rhythm, atrial fibrillation, atrial premature contraction, and ventricular premature contraction. The model implemented in the workstation environment was converted using the TensorFlow Lite framework and then imported into an ARM Cortex-M4 architecture-based nRF52840 microprocessor. The proposed model shows high performance (97.7% accuracy and 97.4% F1 score) with reasonable execution time: 298ms and current consumption: 3.55mA at optimized for speed and execution time: 480ms and current consumption: 3.82mA at optimized for size, respectively. |
19,608 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal SIR and interference-based distributed power control for wireless networks, and key words: Interference, Power control, Wireless networks, Optimal control, Multiaccess communication, Base stations, Cost function, Error correction, Convergence, Wireless communication. Abstract: Transmitter power control has been shown to be an efficient and effective means for supporting variable-service users in wireless networks. In this presentation, an estimator-based controller is proposed for distributed uplink power control. The controller is optimal with respect to minimizing a cost function consisting of a user's signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) error and the network interference, in a decentralized manner. Assuming sufficiently good estimates, the controller has the potential of providing convergence in a few iterations. The main feature of the proposed controller is that it saves the user transmit power while achieving a satisfactory SIR value. Furthermore, the issue of joint minimization of network interference and a user's SIR error is addressed in a distributed manner so as to obtain a desired tradeoff. |
19,609 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical Analysis of Pile-Soil Interaction of Tower Platform of Transmission Line Engineering, and key words: Wireless communication, Power transmission lines, Simulation, Poles and towers, Soil, Numerical simulation, Software. Abstract: Through the role taken by bored piles in the group pile foundation of the transmission line engineering tower platform, the bearing capacity of the pile is analyzed. Through the numerical simulation of the finite element software ABAQUS, the soil where the group is located and contact between the piled soil are considered. The pile group foundation on one line section is selected for numerical simulation, by a load of external force, the destruction where the soil is surrounded by the group pile is analyzed. The simulation results show that the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile group can be expressed by the bearing capacity when the sedimentation is 0.05 times as long as the pile diameter, as well as the destruction and deformation process of soil is surrounded by group pile. |
19,610 | Please write an abstract with title: UML design and AWL programming for reconfigurable control software development of a robotic manipulator, and key words: Unified modeling language, Robot programming, Manipulators, Control systems, Concrete, Software systems, Manufacturing, Object oriented modeling, Object oriented programming, Computer languages. Abstract: The goal of the presented research is to face the topic of reconfigurable control software development in a concrete fashion, i.e., by presenting a control software system development approach which has been used for a specific, although easy to be generalized, robotized manufacturing cell component. In particular, a methodology for the control software development of a planar robot (2-degrees of freedom) is presented, from the conceptual design to the actual implementation. The methodology suggests UML and object-oriented modeling and programming techniques for the design phase, while AWL programming language run by a PLC for the implementation phase. The analysis has been conducted considering the internal and external requirements of the manufacturing system which comprises the robot, mostly driven by the contemporary industrial need of reconfigurable control systems, critical key to succeed in the new era of mass customization |
19,611 | Please write an abstract with title: Cost-effective low-power processor-in-memory-based reconfigurable datapath for multimedia applications, and key words: Application software, CMOS technology, Multimedia systems, Multimedia computing, Circuits, Floating-point arithmetic, Hardware, Costs, Frequency, Silicon. Abstract: Multimedia applications have become a dominant computing workload for computer systems as well as for wireless-based devices. Due to their repetitive computing and memory intensive nature, they can take effective advantage from processor-in-memory (PIM) technology. In this paper, a new low-power PIM-based 32-bit reconfigurable datapath optimized for multimedia applications is presented. The new circuit efficiently performs parallel arithmetic operations on either 8-, 16-, or 32-bit integer data or on 32-bit single precision floating-point data. As a result, high flexibility is provided at a very low hardware cost. When implemented using the UMC 0.18 /spl mu/m 1.8 V CMOS technology, the proposed datapath exhibits a 285 MHz running frequency, dissipates just 0.12 mW/MHz and occupies a silicon area of only 107,323 /spl mu/m/sub 2/. When performing 2D-DCT, proposed architecture consumes 74% less power and is 28% more power efficient compared to top-of-the-line commercial TI DSP. |
19,612 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine-Learning Based Secondary Transform for Improved Image Compression in JPEG2000, and key words: Wavelet transforms, Image coding, Image resolution, Conferences, Bit rate, Transform coding, Machine learning. Abstract: This paper proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) based secondary transform for not only improved coding efficiency in the JPEG2000 image compression format, but also to produce more appealing approximation sub-bands at different resolutions. The CNN in this work exploits information in detail sub-bands to predict some of the aliasing information in the corresponding approximation or low-pass sub-band; this reduction in aliasing, although not perfect, improves the compressibility of the “cleaned” approximation subband. This process is repeated in subsequent wavelet decomposition levels to further improve coding efficiency. Experimental results show that, at high bit rates, the proposed network outperforms conventional JPEG2000 compression framework by up to 1.2 dB, especially for images with strong geometric flow. |
19,613 | Please write an abstract with title: Configuration Tracking for Soft Continuum Robotic Arms Using Inverse Dynamic Control of a Cosserat Rod Model, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Soft robotics, Manipulators, Robot sensing systems, Numerical simulation, Sensors, Mathematical model. Abstract: Controlling the configuration of a soft continuum robot arm is challenging due to the hyper-redundant kinematics of such robots. We propose a new model-based, inverse dynamic control approach to this problem that is defined on the configuration state variables of the geometrically exact Cosserat rod model. Our approach is capable of controlling a soft continuum robot to track static or time-varying 3D configurations through bending, torsion, shear, and extension deformations. The controller has a decentralized structure, in which the gain matrices can be defined in terms of the physical and material properties of distinct cross-sections of the robot arm. This structure facilitates its implementation on continuum robot arms composed of independently-controllable segments that have local sensing and actuation. The controller is validated with numerical simulations in MATLAB with a hydrogel-based soft robot arm that can produce the four primary types of deformations. The simulated arm successfully tracks these configurations with average normalized root-mean-square errors (NRMSE) below 7% in all cases. To demonstrate the generality of the control approach, its performance is also validated on a larger simulated robot arm made of silicone. |
19,614 | Please write an abstract with title: IRS-Assisted mmWave Massive MIMO Systems Beam Training with Hybrid CNN Encoder-based Transformer Deep Learning Model, and key words: mmWave, intelligent reflecting surface, spiking neural network, convolutional neural network, attention. Abstract: Deep learning (DL)-based beam training schemes have enhanced the transmission capacity for intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Nevertheless, the effects of noise and model complexity are still bottlenecks for most of those approaches. In this paper, we propose a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) encoder-based Transformer (HCNT) DL model containing robust channel expression and a scoring-based optimal beam decision. First, the hybrid CNN encoder parallelly tackles the real and imaginary components of the sampled channel collected by active sensors of the adopted semi-passive IRS with the grouped and point-wise convolution as the alternative to the complicated serial process. Second, we convert the continuous channel expression into binary sequences by leaky integrated-and-fire (LIF) mechanism seeking a robust representation against the noise effects. Finally, feature attention mechanism determines the prediction of the optimal beam by the scores of the relationship between potential direction and quantized binary tokens. Experimental results show that the proposed HCNT outperforms the existing schemes achieving a higher spectral efficiency under different noise levels with lower complexity. |
19,615 | Please write an abstract with title: Curvilinear OPC Application On 180nm Silicon Photonics Layout For Better Performance, and key words: Performance evaluation, Semiconductor device modeling, Runtime, Conferences, Computational modeling, Layout, Lithography. Abstract: This Advanced silicon photonics (SiPho) device design requires RET OPC technology to increase manufacturability. However, the traditional OPC solution can’t handle SiPho design very well because of the skew edges. The Inverse Lithography Technology (ILT) is an alternative way to do however this solution suffers a very long runtime for the full-chip run. We applied a new full chip Curvilinear (CL) OPC solution which is designed for Curvilinear layout. It is proven that CLOPC can be used for full-chip photonics designs with good device performance. This paper will introduce the application of curvilinear OPC on 180nm silicon photonics layouts. |
19,616 | Please write an abstract with title: Perceptually Driven Conditional GAN for Fourier Ptychography, and key words: Fourier Ptychography, Phase Retrieval, Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks, Deep Learning. Abstract: Fourier Ptychography (FP) is a computational imaging technique which artificially increases the effective numerical aperture of an imaging system. In FP, the object is imaged using an array of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), each from a different illumination angle. A high resolution image is synthesized from this low resolution stack, typically using iterative phase retrieval algorithms. However, such algorithms are time consuming and fail when the overlap between the spectra of images is low, leading to high data requirements. At the crux of FP lies a phase retrieval problem. In this paper, we propose a Deep Learning (DL) algorithm to perform this synthesis under low spectral overlap between samples, and show a significant improvement in phase reconstruction over existing DL algorithms. |
19,617 | Please write an abstract with title: Thermosensitive Hydrogel Nanocomposites Based on N-Isopropylacrylamide and Acid-Activated Laponite<sup>®</sup>: Swelling and Tunable Release of Doxorubicin, and key words: Drugs, Nanoparticles, Temperature distribution, Nanocomposites, Symbols, Physiology, Temperature control. Abstract: The effects of acid activation of Laponite RD (Lap) on the structure and properties of activated Lap nanoparticles (aLap) and the properties of physically cross-linked by aLap hydrogels based on poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (polyNIPAAm) have been studied. The acid activation of Lap was carried out using sulfuric acid solutions with different concentrations, namely 1–8 N, hours. It was demonstrated that an increase in activation degree increased the equilibrium swelling degree of the hydrogels and the phase-transition temperature between swollen and collapsed states. It is shown the rate of release of the cytostatic doxorubicin from thermosensitive hydrogel matrices based on aLap can be controlled by changes in pH and temperature (in the physiologically acceptable range). The synthesized physically cross-linked thermosensitive hydrogel nanocomposites seem promising for the development of modern drug carriers (in particular, anticancer drugs) with their transport to the target organ and subsequent controlled release. This electronic document is a “live” template and already defines the components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] in its style sheet. *CRITICAL: Do Not Use Symbols, Special Characters, Footnotes, or Math in Paper Title or Abstract. (Abstract) |
19,618 | Please write an abstract with title: Tolerating network failures in system area networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Microprogramming, System performance, Error analysis, Access protocols, Multiprocessor interconnection networks, Switches, Network interfaces, Computer science, Performance analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we investigate how system area networks can deal with transient and permanent network failures. We design and implement a firmware-level retransmission scheme to tolerate transient failures and an on-demand network mapping scheme to deal with permanent failures. Both schemes are transparent to applications and are conceptually simple and suitable for low-level implementations, e.g. in firmware. We then examine how the retransmission scheme affects system performance and how various protocol parameters impact system behavior. We analyze and evaluate system performance by using a real implementation on a state-of-the art cluster and both micro-benchmarks and real applications from the SPLASH-2 suite. |
19,619 | Please write an abstract with title: Survey and Evaluation of Neural 3D Shape Classification Approaches, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Shape, Feature extraction, Solid modeling, Convolution, Neural networks, Training. Abstract: Classification of 3D objects – the selection of a category in which each object belongs – is of great interest in the field of machine learning. Numerous researchers use deep neural networks to address this problem, altering the network architecture and representation of the 3D shape used as an input. To investigate the effectiveness of their approaches, we conduct an extensive survey of existing methods and identify common ideas by which we categorize them into a taxonomy. Second, we evaluate 11 selected classification networks on two 3D object datasets, extending the evaluation to a larger dataset on which most of the selected approaches have not been tested yet. For this, we provide a framework for converting shapes from common 3D mesh formats into formats native to each network, and for training and evaluating different classification approaches on this data. Despite being partially unable to reach the accuracies reported in the original papers, we compare the relative performance of the approaches as well as their performance when changing datasets as the only variable to provide valuable insights into performance on different kinds of data. We make our code available to simplify running training experiments with multiple neural networks with different prerequisites. |
19,620 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental characterization and methodology for full-wave modeling of ESD to displays, and key words: Atmospheric modeling, Current measurement, Oscilloscopes, Glass, Fault location, Electrostatic discharges, Discharges (electric). Abstract: An electrostatic discharge (ESD) to the touchscreen display of a cellphone or other handheld device can result in device failures through sparkless discharge. A test model has been designed and a test board built to investigate sparkless discharge to glass displays, based on the discharge path in a typical product. The current waveform at the touchscreen circuit load was captured during an air discharge using an oscilloscope for 40 test cases with different glass thicknesses, load resistances, and patch-to-ground capacitances. Full wave and circuit models of the discharge event have also been developed. Using the circuit model and a genetic algorithm approach, methods were developed for estimating the input current waveform associated with the discharge event. Using this current waveform, it is possible to predict the magnitude, rise time, total charge, and energy of a typical surface discharges to displays during the early stages of product design to prevent device failures. |
19,621 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart Airport Apron Management System Formal Modeling using VDM-SL, and key words: Atmospheric modeling, Airports, Sensor systems, Intelligent sensors, Mathematical model, Analytical models. Abstract: With the advent of recent technology, smart systems are replacing traditional systems. Wireless sensors and RFID are important components of Smart systems and have many applications such as Smart Sewerage, Smart Transportation, Smart Grid, Smart Agriculture, Smart Health and Smart Homes. Busy airports in the world have to manage a large number of flights per hour. Even, within a minute many flights land and takeoff. So, Airport Apron Management System must be efficient and error free. In this paper, we have presented the Smart Airport Apron Management System for managing flights landing, parking and takeoff. The system supports operations like finding free parking space, total allocated or free slots, flights handling and information display using lights. We have modeled the heterogeneous sensors of the system and their interaction with the system using Internet of Things (IoT). All the operations statically and dynamically are modeled in Vienna Development Method Language (VDM-SL) to provide proof of correctness of the proposed system. VDM-SL is a specification language which models a system by mathematical notations using discrete mathematics concepts. |
19,622 | Please write an abstract with title: Low RF noise and power loss for ion-implanted Si having an improved implantation process, and key words: Radio frequency, Propagation losses, Power transmission lines, Distributed parameter circuits, Power measurement, Transmission line measurements, Loss measurement, Noise measurement, Measurement standards, Circuit noise. Abstract: Very-low-transmission line noise of <0.25 dB at 18 GHz and low power loss /spl les/0.6 dB at 110 GHz have been measured on transmission lines fabricated on proton-implanted Si. In contrast, a standard Si substrate gave much higher noise of 2.5 dB and worse power loss of 5 dB. The good RF integrity of proton-implanted Si results from the high isolation impedance to ground, as analyzed by an equivalent circuit model. The proton implantation is also done after forming the transmission lines at a reduced implantation energy of /spl sim/4 MeV. This enables easier process integration into current VLSI technology. |
19,623 | Please write an abstract with title: JPEG Robust Invertible Grayscale, and key words: Gray-scale, Transform coding, Image color analysis, Image restoration, Color, Training, Image coding. Abstract: Invertible grayscale is a special kind of grayscale from which the original color can be recovered. Given an input color image, this seminal work tries to hide the color information into its grayscale counterpart while making it hard to recognize any anomalies. This powerful functionality is enabled by training a hiding sub-network and restoring sub-network in an end-to-end way. Despite its expressive results, two key limitations exist: 1) The restored color image often suffers from some noticeable visual artifacts in the smooth regions. 2) It is very sensitive to JPEG compression, i.e., the original color information cannot be well recovered once the intermediate grayscale image is compressed by JPEG. To overcome these two limitations, this article introduces adversarial training and JPEG simulator respectively. Specifically, two auxiliary adversarial networks are incorporated to make the intermediate grayscale images and final restored color images indistinguishable from normal grayscale and color images. And the JPEG simulator is utilized to simulate real JPEG compression during the online training so that the hiding and restoring sub-networks can automatically learn to be JPEG robust. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the original invertible grayscale work both qualitatively and quantitatively while ensuring the JPEG robustness. We further show that the proposed framework can be applied under different types of grayscale constraints and achieve excellent results. |
19,624 | Please write an abstract with title: Full-custom vs. standard-cell design flow - an adder case study, and key words: Computer aided software engineering, Adders, Integrated circuit interconnections, Routing, Hardware design languages, Libraries, Design engineering, Wires, Multiplexing, Flip-flops. Abstract: Full-custom design is considered superior to standard-cell design when a high-performance circuit is requested. The structured routing of critical wires is considered to be the most important contributor to this performance gap. However, this is only true for bitsliced designs, such as ripple-carry adders, but not for designs with inter-bitslice interconnections spanning several bitslices, such as tree adders and reduction-tree multipliers. It is found that standard-cell design techniques scale better with the data width than full-custom bitsliced layouts for designs dominated by inter-bitslice interconnections. |
19,625 | Please write an abstract with title: Recursive learning of image parameters for totally blind image restoration, and key words: Image restoration, Kalman filters, Smoothing methods, Parameter estimation, Maximum likelihood estimation, Gaussian processes, Virtual colonoscopy, Bayesian methods, Equations, State estimation. Abstract: The totally blind image restoration problem is solved using an expectation maximization (EM) based learning technique. A new formulation on simultaneous recursive image and blur parameter identification and image restoration is given in a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) framework. This technique incorporates optimal Kalman smoothing equations for maximum likelihood (ML) parameter identification and state estimation. Because of the computationally heavy processing of smoothing, we use a filtering approximation of the Kalman instead of Kalman smoothing. Experimental results are given using a 64/spl times/64 "Lena" image which is both noisy and artificially blurred. |
19,626 | Please write an abstract with title: Construction of neural networks on structured domains, and key words: Neural networks, Neurons, Computer architecture, Tree graphs, Computer networks. Abstract: We propose an entropy-based approach for automatically constructing neural networks consisting of generalized recursive neurons for classification of structured patterns. Given a classification problem, the architecture, i.e., the number of hidden layers and the number of nodes in each hidden layer, and all the values of the weights associates with the corresponding neural network are determined. As a result, the burden of trial-and-error imposed on the user can be avoided. |
19,627 | Please write an abstract with title: A micromachined magnetometer with frequency modulation at the output, and key words: Magnetometers, Frequency modulation, Magnetic sensors, Magnetic resonance, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Sensor systems, Robustness, Interference, Digital systems, Magnetic analysis. Abstract: A novel design of a resonant magnetic field sensor and complete modeling of its behavior are presented along with a description of the experimental set up and results. The sensor output is a shift in frequency, which is robust against interference and easy to be read by digital systems. An analytic model is derived for the sensor behavior using novel and existing techniques. This model takes advantage of the ability of Dunkerley's method to model complex structures. Devices were fabricated in an SOI bulk micromachining process. Experimental results for the performance of the devices are in good agreement with modeling predictions. The minimum detected field is 80muT with simple electronics. However, the theoretical minimum detectable signal for different devices is on the order of 10's of nano-teslas at 1Torr measured with a noiseless spectrum analyzer with a 100Hz bandwidth. This level of sensitivity is a consequence of the frequency modulation of the output signal |
19,628 | Please write an abstract with title: Our experience in using test systems based on different technological platforms, and key words: System testing, Cybernetics, Acoustic testing, Education, Educational institutions, Humans, Seminars, Laboratories, Gravity, Information processing. Abstract: The test organization and verification procedures are very time-consuming and troublesome also methods of student knowledge verification can be considered in different aspects. In the paper, we described different checking area like primary foundation data, information, and knowledge and wisdom skill. Taking into account a human aspect of computer based test system we present our experience in using it concerning three different technological platforms. First are traditional tests, in which each student receives an identical set of questions. Second type of test aims to decrease intercommunication between students participating in test. This is achieved by preparing test that differs from each other because of questions and answer order. The third type of tests is on-line and interactive. In tests mentioned above a teacher creates a set of questions and specify amount of them that each student will be asked. In the end we described our solution of interactive test strategy assures automatic difficulty level adjustment. |
19,629 | Please write an abstract with title: Improvement of a Sample Clock Offset Estimation Method Used in Passive Radar, and key words: OFDM, Clocks, Estimation, Passive radar, Noise measurement, Signal to noise ratio, Kalman filters. Abstract: Sample clock offset must be estimated in order to correctly demodulate an OFDM signal. Estimates are also required in passive radar processing, to produce a reference signal, which is properly matched to the transmission. A recently proposed clock offset estimation method for passive radar is found to be overly sensitive to measurement noise. However, the radar ambiguity surface is found to be unaffected by the specific errors engendered by this noise. The reasons for this are explored. An updated method based on state-space modeling and Kalman smoothing is proposed. This is found to restore clock offset estimation performance in cases of higher noise, achieving this with low processing latency. These improvements enable the method to be employed for other applications requiring high quality, time-critical clock offset estimation. |
19,630 | Please write an abstract with title: A Task-Oriented Distributed Assignment Algorithm for Collaborative Unmanned Aerial Systems, and key words: Task analysis, Bipartite graph, Robustness, Decision making, Labeling, Collaboration, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new distributed algorithm for task assignment problems for unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Inspired by the Hungarian method, the proposed algorithm, namely, the task-oriented distributed assignment algorithm (TODAA), uses a mechanism that updates the label and the slack variables in a heuristic manner throughout the assignment process for each individual UAS. We compare the proposed TODAA with the Concensus-Based Auction Algorithm (CBAA) in terms of computational time and cost optimality errors. The results show that the TODAA outperforms the CBAA in assignment cost whereas is outperformed in computational time. |
19,631 | Please write an abstract with title: Verification of the Model of Backward Reflection Coefficient of Absorbing Media, and key words: Backscatter, Soil, Soil measurements, Media, Frequency measurement, Standards, Data models. Abstract: In this work, we compare the back reflection model based on the method of counter propagating waves of absorbing media with the measured data of the backscattering coefficient, borrowed from the experiment of the University of Electronic Sciences and Technology of China (UESTC). At frequencies of 3 and 10 GHz, good agreement was found between the results of the calculated and measured values of the backward reflection coefficients. In the range of angles of incidence 0° - 65°, their standard deviations are less than 1 dB. |
19,632 | Please write an abstract with title: Transistor design and application considerations for >200-GHz SiGe HBTs, and key words: Germanium alloys, Silicon alloys, Semiconductor materials, Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Current density, Semiconductor device reliability, Millimeter wave bipolar transistors. Abstract: SiGe HBT transistors achieving over 200 GHz f/sub T/ and f/sub MAX/ are demonstrated in this paper. Techniques and trends in SiGe HBT design are discussed. Processing techniques available to silicon technologies are utilized to minimize parasitic resistances and capacitances and thereby establish raw speeds exceeding III-V devices despite the higher mobility in those materials. Higher current densities and greater avalanche currents, which are required for establishing such high performance, are discussed as they relate to device self-heating and reliability and the degradation of the devices. Simple circuit results are shown, demonstrating 4.2-ps ring-oscillator delays. |
19,633 | Please write an abstract with title: New design of multirate state feedback control for HDD, and key words: State feedback, State estimation, Control systems, Sampling methods, Digital control, Frequency, Servomechanisms, Open loop systems, Signal sampling, Current measurement. Abstract: This paper discusses a new design method for state feedback multirate control with current estimator. A computationally effective multirate digital control scheme, in which the control outputs are calculated based only on the state estimates at sampling instants, is presented. It is shown that the states of the redesigned state feedback multirate control system match the states of conventional state feedback multirate control system at every sampling instant. The redesigned method is applied to a HDD servo control systems. The experimental results show that the performance of the redesigned multirate system is similar to that of the conventional multirate design in terms of open loop bandwidth, phase margin and gain margin. |
19,634 | Please write an abstract with title: Doppler navigation, and key words: Aircraft, Frequency measurement, Transmitters, Frequency modulation, Receivers, Radar tracking, Doppler shift. Abstract: An account of the development of self-contained radio navigation aids for aircraft using the doppler principle. Certain design problems are discussed and the leading features of some equipments described. The operational use and future applications of the technique are considered briefly. |
19,635 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and implementation of knowledge-based videoconference system, and key words: Videoconference, Prototypes, Embedded computing, Multiagent systems, Home computing, Quality of service, Application software, Computer networks, Degradation, Multimedia communication. Abstract: We present a design and implementation of a Flexible Videoconference System, FVCS. FVCS aims to reduce the botheration of the users under operational environments with insufficient computational resources, such as the Internet environment with the small-scale computers at home and offices, by embedding flexibility to the conventional videoconference system. We propose a design and implementation of FVCS with knowledge-based multiagent framework. We implement some kinds of prototype systems of FVCS with different types of knowledge embedded in the agent. We also perform some experiments using the prototype systems to evaluate the adaptability of the systems in response to the observed operational situations. From the results of the experiments, the adaptability is influenced by knowledge of agent, and we conclude that the knowledge-based design and implementation is reasonable for construction of FVCS. |
19,636 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-power circuit advantages of the scaled accumulation FET, and key words: Circuits, FETs, Frequency, Doping, Numerical simulation, Clocks, Analytical models, Medical simulation, Inverters, Voltage. Abstract: The trend toward higher clock frequencies has resulted in FETs being compared for their performance at the highest frequencies. Traditionally, the buried channel(BC) FET is considered to have more short channel effects than the normal surface channel inversion(SCI) FET and thus the BC FET is used only when absolutely needed. The same, more severe short channel effects behavior has been assumed for moderate to high-V/sub T/ FETs, which find use in ultra low-power applications. However, a careful investigation both at the transistor and circuit level, reveals that the BC FET is better than the SCI FET for moderate speed, ultra low-power applications. |
19,637 | Please write an abstract with title: Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on EEG activities, and key words: Magnetic stimulation, Electroencephalography, Biomedical measurements, Coils, Area measurement, Analysis of variance, Biomedical engineering, White noise, Power measurement, Data analysis. Abstract: Summary form only given. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with EEG measurement has been used to eliminate cortical reactivity and connectivity. We developed an electroencephalogram (EEG) with TMS measurement system. In our system, it is possible to measure EEG after TMS without the artifacts of the magnetic stimulation on EEG. In this study, we stimulated the right motor area and occipital area using a figure-eight coil and measured the effect on the alpha wave to investigate area-to-area neuronal connections. |
19,638 | Please write an abstract with title: Generation of Broadband Reconfigurable LFM Waveforms Via Heterodyne-Beating Synchronized Lasers, and key words: Optical mixing, Synchronization, Optical filters, Optical pulses, Fluctuations, Optical interferometry, Optical imaging. Abstract: We propose and demonstrate a novel linearly frequency modulated (LFM) signal generation method using synchronized lasers in a heterodyne-beating scheme, featuring simple operation, large bandwidth and flexible reconfiguration. A hybrid synchronization mechanism combining the advantages of optical phase-locking and digital signal processing mechanisms maintains the phase coherence between lasers when the wavelength is sweeping. The ability of phase coherence maintaining provides attractive benefits in flexible reconfigurability of beat signal parameters and high scalability of signal bands. A dual-laser synchronization system is established, and an LFM waveform with reconfigurable bandwidth, central frequency and pulse duration is produced. Additionally, an ISAR imaging experiment is carried out. Results show the potential of the proposed method in multifunctional/multiband radar applications. |
19,639 | Please write an abstract with title: Ternary complementary sets for multiple channel DS-UWB with reduced peak to average power ratio, and key words: Peak to average power ratio, Upper bound, Ultra wideband technology, Interference suppression, Autocorrelation, Signal design, Multiaccess communication, Multiple access interference, Direct-sequence code-division multiple access, Signal analysis. Abstract: We study a multiple channel direct sequence ultrawideband (DS-UWB) system which transmits the same information bit over a set of parallel channels corresponding to a set of orthogonal pulses. It is known that by employing a mutually orthogonal (MO) ternary complementary set of spreading sequences, one can efficiently suppress both multipath and multiuser interference. Similar to a multicarrier DS-CDMA system, the multichannel DS-UWB system can have a high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) which may limit its application. In this paper, we analyze the PAPR of the multichannel UWB system by studying its upper bound. The bound illustrates how column sequences of MO complementary set matrices with small out-off-phase aperiodic autocorrelation functions (ACF) allow for lowering the PAPR. Hence, we develop an algorithm to construct the spreading sequence sets which may result in data sequences with reduced PAPR, while at the same time, preserving the complementarity and orthogonality which alleviate the multipath and multiuser interference. |
19,640 | Please write an abstract with title: Pest Identification System based on YOLOv5, and key words: Image recognition, Forestry, Cameras, Cognitive systems, Robots, Diseases. Abstract: Forest pests and diseases are a global problem. The key to control forestry diseases is to accurately identify the species and severity of pests. How to use artificial intelligence and image recognition technology to detect forestry pests is an important challenge and opportunity. This paper presents a new method for forestry pest identification based on YOLOv5 algorithm. In addition, in order to unify the system and expand the flexibility of the future system, we adopted the B/S/S structure to develop the pest identification system. The system uses the camera to shoot images and transmits the data to the background recognition. The experimental results show that our system can detect the target pests more accurately and conveniently, which is helpful for the actual prevention and control of forestry pests. |
19,641 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Sitting Method of Transmission Channel Environmental Monitoring Device under Rugged Terrain, and key words: Power transmission lines, Poles and towers, Vegetation mapping, Power grids, Security, Monitoring, Optimization. Abstract: In recent years, the application of transmission channel environment on-line monitoring device has played an important role in improving the level of power grid support capability. In order to further optimize the deployment of monitoring devices, it is necessary to establish a sitting method which adequately considers the environmental characteristics. Based on the analysis of the altitude data at transmission line tower location, a sitting method of monitoring device considering terrain characteristics is established. According to altitude data, five terrain categories, including "Uphill", "Downhill", "Top", "Valley" and "Flat", are proposed, and the terrain judgment method of line tower is formed. On this foundation, a sitting method of monitoring device is set up, and the influence of mountainous terrain is considered, typical monitoring blind areas correction is completed. The analysis of calculation results show that this method can focus on mountain coverage on the basis of whole section monitoring at transmission channel, and the density of monitoring device can well match with the terrain. An application of the research can provide guidance for the development of transmission channel monitoring. |
19,642 | Please write an abstract with title: Resampling Strategy for Mitigating Unfairness in Face Attribute Classification, and key words: Training, Measurement, Sampling methods, Information and communication technology, Artificial intelligence, Task analysis, Image classification. Abstract: With the widespread success of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, various applications based on the systems are being applied to our daily life. However, AI systems also raise societal problems since it is highly dependent on training datasets with bias. Consequently, concerning about trustworthiness in AI systems becomes a popular research topic, and recent studies reveal unfairness in developed models. In this paper, we propose a new batch sampling strategy considering fairness among demographic groups. Unlike conventional batch sampling methods such as under-sampling or oversampling, we reflect the notion of fairness directly to estimate the batch sampling probability of data. We empirically demonstrate that our batch sampling method achieves fairer results compared to prior methods in image classification tasks on CelebA and UTKFace datasets. |
19,643 | Please write an abstract with title: Crowbar Active Protection Scheme in the Wind Energy Conversion System using the Doubly Fed Induction Generator, and key words: Resistance, Transient response, Voltage fluctuations, Power quality, Rotors, Doubly fed induction generators, Wind turbines. Abstract: The performance of doubly-fed induction generators during grid disturbances is of increasing interest due to the growing number of wind turbines employed in this type of technology. Grid codes specify that the generator must have a fault by-pass capability, remaining connected and contributing to grid stability during a disturbance. For doubly-fed induction generator, a crowbar with constant resistance tends to be a simple approach to protect the wind turbine and improve the lower voltage path. However, the responses of the doubly-fed induction generator depend on the degree of voltage sag, since the constant resistance of the crowbar can be over or underestimated, resulting in severe damage. Therefore, the crowbar resistance is an important parameter that should be selected taking into consideration the rotor overcurrent and dc-link overvoltage limits. Thus, this paper proposed an improved method to analyze the low voltage ride through performance of a doubly fed induction generator system with active crowbar rotor. Additionally, an analytical expression for the crowbar resistance variation tied to the control strategy is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through theoretical analysis and Matlab/Simulink simulations. |
19,644 | Please write an abstract with title: Bias in Knowledge Graph Embeddings, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Analytical models, Social networking (online), Aggregates, Testing. Abstract: In this paper, we study bias in knowledge graph embeddings. We focus on gender bias in occupations, but our approach is applicable to other types of bias. We start by proposing measures for identifying bias in the dataset (i.e., in the KG) and then present two methods for testing whether any bias in the dataset is amplified by the embeddings. First, we look for gender-specific occupation analogies in the embeddings. Second, we test whether link prediction (i.e., occupation prediction in our case) aggregates gender bias by proposing gender-dominated occupations to people of the corresponding gender more often than expected. Then, we use a debiasing approach based on projections on the gender subspace. We present experimental results using the Wikidata dataset and pretrained TransE embeddings. Our results show that there exists gender bias in the dataset and that such bias is amplified by the embeddings. Our debiasing approach removes bias with a small penalty on accuracy. |
19,645 | Please write an abstract with title: Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Scores Prediction based on the Label Distribution Learning using Brain Structural MRI, and key words: Training, Uncertainty, Three-dimensional displays, Magnetic resonance imaging, Machine learning, Predictive models, Probability distribution. Abstract: Predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical scores offers a useful tool to monitor dementia progression at different time points. Previous machine learning methods usually focused on regressing the clinical scores directly but ignored the ambigu-ous information among score labels. In this study, we introduce a novel AD clinical scores prediction framework based on label distribution learning (LDL), named CSP-LDL. Notably, we first turn the clinical scores into a normal probability distribution of discrete labels to exploit uncertainty among the dementia scores. Then we learn the distribution of discrete labels by optimizing Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the estimated and ground-truth distributions using a 3D CNN. Moreover, we further employ an expectation regression layer to regress clinical score value at the fine-grained level based on the predicted label distribution. Experiments on ADNI-1 and ADNI-2 datasets show that our CSP-LDL model outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of dementia regression accuracy at multiple time points using baseline structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data, demonstrating its effectiveness in early clinical diagnosis of AD. |
19,646 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and measurements of test element group wafer thinned to 10 /spl mu/m for 3D system in package, and key words: System testing, Integrated circuit interconnections, MOSFETs, Electronics packaging, Stress, Semiconductor device measurement, Flip chip, Conductivity, Stacking, Mechanical variables measurement. Abstract: We designed and measured test element group wafers thinned to 10 /spl mu/m for 3D system in package. The n-well p-Si diodes in 10 /spl mu/m thick wafer showed increasing of the reverse saturation current in comparison to the currents in 20 /spl mu/m, 30 /spl mu/m or 640 /spl mu/m thick wafer. While the pMOSFETs and nMOSFETs in 10 /spl mu/m thick wafer showed no degradation of mobility, sub-threshold swing and threshold voltage. Defects might be induced by mechanical stress during wafer back grinding process near wafer back side, within a few micron-meters from the wafer back surface. |
19,647 | Please write an abstract with title: Waveguide components analysis and design with customized hybrid mode-matching and 2D finite element methods, and key words: Band-pass filters, Waveguide components, Modal analysis, Radar, Microwave theory and techniques, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Finite element analysis. Abstract: This work addresses the use of structured meshes composed of quadrilateral finite elements, instead of the classic unstructured meshes made of triangular elements. These meshes are used in the modal analysis of waveguides with a certain types of cross-sections, namely Manhattan-type, defined by polygons only presenting angles of 90° or its multiples. To achieve this, the computation of TE and TM modes is firstly considered, to show how structured meshes made up of quadrilateral-element cells with fewer degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) offer a higher rate of accuracy to calculate degenerate modes with the same cutoff wavenumber, since the use of triangular-element cells results in meshes which generally do not guarantee that the computed modes will yield that exact same eigenvalue. In the next step, the accuracy in computing waveguide modes that are achieved by using quadrilateral cells will be assessed in the analysis of actual devices. In this case, the mode matching (MM) method will be used to simulate a ridge waveguide bandpass filter where modes in their different cross-sections are computed with 2D-FEM using either structured (with quadrilateral cells) and unstructured (with triangular cells) meshes. |
19,648 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Regret Bound for Thompson Sampling in the Gaussian Linear Bandit Setting, and key words: Thompson sampling, Gaussian linear bandit, Bayesian regret bounds, the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. Abstract: Thompson sampling has been of significant recent interest due to its wide range of applicability to online learning problems and its good empirical and theoretical performance. In this paper, we analyze the performance of Thompson sampling in the canonical Gaussian linear bandit setting. We prove that the Bayesian regret of Thompson sampling in this setting is bounded by O(√T log (T)) improving on an earlier bound of O(√T log (T)) n the literature for the case of the infinite, and compact action set. Our proof relies on a Cauchy-Schwarz type inequality which can be of interest in its own right. |
19,649 | Please write an abstract with title: A Smart Virtual Assistant Answering Questions About COVID-19, and key words: COVID-19, Robots, Pandemics, XML, System software, Software reliability, Pollution. Abstract: Numerous information and news put forward by different sources during the COVID-19 pandemic have caused many questions about the epidemic in people's minds. In this study, a smart virtual assistant was developed in order to eliminate this information pollution about COVID-19 and to give correct answers to people's questions with information obtained from reliable sources. Intelligent virtual assistants are question answering system software that enable people to get answers easily and quickly to their questions curious about. The use of these virtual assistants is becoming widespread all over the world in many fields, especially in education, e-commerce, tourism, finance and health. However, the number of question-answering system studies on Turkish is very few and insufficient. In fact, no question-answering study was found in the field of health that is presented for Turkish in the literature. The smart virtual assistant presented within the scope of this study is a first in this respect. This smart virtual assistant answers two different types of questions. The first of these is frequently asked information questions about COVID-19 among the people. The second is the questions about numerical data such as number of COVID-19 cases, number of deaths, number of tests, etc. of countries in the world. It has been observed that the developed virtual assistant can answer the vast majority of users' questions about COVID-19. It is thought that this smart virtual assistant could be useful in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. |
19,650 | Please write an abstract with title: Leveraging Drug-Target Interaction Data for the Translation of Computational Models into Clinically Actionable Interventions, and key words: COVID-19, Measurement, Computational modeling, Biological system modeling, Conferences, Robustness, Mathematical models. Abstract: Computational modeling is an effective tool for studying complex disease. However, solutions to many models are purely mathematical and cannot immediately provide clinical insights. To overcome this barrier, we propose a series of quantitative scoring metrics that can be used in combination with drug-target interaction data to identify solutions that are readily clinically actionable. Furthermore, we introduce methods for the prediction and ranking of pharmaceutical interventions that closely align with these high-scoring solutions, with an emphasis on robustness across multiple solutions. We demonstrate these methods on a previously-described model of COVID-19 induced cytokine storm. These scoring methods ultimately identify multiple pharmaceutical candidates that have been shown to be effective in reducing mortality rates in COVID-19 patients. |
19,651 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Dynamics Model of Underwater Spherical Robot, and key words: Analytical models, Mechatronics, Computational modeling, Computational fluid dynamics, Force, Process control, Hydrodynamics. Abstract: In order to simplify parameter adjustment process of the AUV controller in the pool experiments, many researchers established the robot dynamics model and pre-adjusted the parameters in the simulation. This paper mainly studied the characteristics of underwater spherical robot hydrodynamic model and the verification of the model through experiments. First, we obtained the hydrodynamic force acting of the robot in different fluid environments through Computational Fluid Dynamic method. Then, the hydrodynamic coefficients of the dynamic model were calculated by the regression of the above force data. Finally, these hydrodynamic coefficients obtained from the above simulation were verified by pool experiments. The experimental results showed that these coefficients obtained by this method was well fitted with the experimental data and may be used as a reference for the hydrodynamic model. In addition, the nonlinear characteristics of hydrodynamic coefficients under different disturbances were also studied. This will provide further reference for model identification and control in complex underwater environment. |
19,652 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of Offset Averaging Filters to enhance the tracking information for small moving targets, and key words: Visualization, Target tracking, Tracking, Transforms, Vision sensors, Information filters, Cameras. Abstract: Object tracking has become one of significant tasks in the area of computer vision, it has been widely applied for robot navigation and localization, automated surveillance, traffic monitoring, etc. vision sensors have been a favored choice for these tasks because of the simplicity of installation, cost effectiveness and the ability to operate in unstructured environments. However, obtaining accurate tracking information via vision sensors is not an easy task. In this paper, we deal with two types of tracking problems. The first is when a low resolution camera is used as a tracking system, and the second when the target object has different motion patterns, therefore, in order to cope with the aforementioned problems, a super-resolution technique, namely an Offset Averaging Filter (OAF) will be applied for improving the spatial resolution of images, it has previously proved its capability to enhance the spatial resolution up to four times. In this paper, an OAF technique will be used for enhancing the visual information about a target object moving in different motion patterns which are: translation, rotation and rotation plus translation. Moreover, a feature extraction algorithm, namely Two-Stage Circular Hough Transform (CHT) will be applied on the reconstructed images in order to detect and track the moving object. The results showed the capability of OAFs in improving the spatial resolution for the low resolution captured frames, and thus enhancing the visual tracking information for the small moving target objects with the three different motion scenarios. |
19,653 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear Chalcogenide Photonic Devices, and key words: Chalcogenides, Microcavities, Photonics, Physics, Nonlinear optical devices, Glass. Abstract: An excellent platform for nonlinear optical devices is offered by chalcogenide glasses, with high nonlinearities and long wavelength transparencies. A new method for characterizing the linear and nonlinear properties of chalcogenide microresonators will be presented, as well as wedge and disk microresonators, and photosensitive control. |
19,654 | Please write an abstract with title: Spanning Trees as Approximation of Data Structures, and key words: Dimensionality reduction, Data visualization, Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Shape, Matrix converters, Correlation. Abstract: The connections in a graph generate a structure that is independent of a coordinate system. This visual metaphor allows creating a more flexible representation of data than a two-dimensional scatterplot. In this article, we present STAD (Simplified Topological Abstraction of Data), a parameter-free dimensionality reduction method that projects high-dimensional data into a graph. STAD generates an abstract representation of high-dimensional data by giving each data point a location in a graph which preserves the approximate distances in the original high-dimensional space. The STAD graph is built upon the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) to which new edges are added until the correlation between the distances from the graph and the original dataset is maximized. Additionally, STAD supports the inclusion of additional functions to focus the exploration and allow the analysis of data from new perspectives, emphasizing traits in data which otherwise would remain hidden. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by applying it to two real-world datasets: traffic density in Barcelona and temporal measurements of air quality in Castile and León in Spain. |
19,655 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Evaluation of a Secure Microkernel on a Single-Board Computer, and key words: Integrated circuits, Performance evaluation, Benchmark testing, Tools, Real-time systems, Security, Kernel. Abstract: Safety-critical systems require the underlying Integrated Circuits (ICs) to be resilient against security and reliability failures. At the kernel level, there have been efforts to use micro-kernels to isolate components and limit the capabilities of wouldbe attackers. These implementations might incur additional overheads on the system that may affect the performance. This paper tests the overall performance of a formally-verified secure microkernel, seL4, in order to ascertain whether it is acceptable for real-time embedded applications. Various benchmark suites are used to compare an seL4-enabled Jetson TK1 and native Jetson TK1 computer. Results show that there are impacts on performance due to the use of SeL4 microkernel. |
19,656 | Please write an abstract with title: Extraneous and false load flow solutions, and key words: Load flow, Voltage, Equations, Power measurement, Load flow analysis, Power transmission lines, Systems engineering and theory, Societies, Printing, Admittance. Abstract: Multiple load flow solutions are possible for realistic systems with reasonable initial conditions. Two different mechanisms which produce multiple solutions are discussed in this paper and several examples are included. For most networks, false or extraneous solutions are easily detected because the results are unreasonable. This is not always the case, however, and this paper identifies a class of cases where extraneous solutions yield results which look reasonable. |
19,657 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Dynamic Event-Triggered Algorithms with Positive Minimum Inter-Event Times on Weight-Balanced Digraphs, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Convergence, Lyapunov methods, Vehicle dynamics, Communication networks, Transient analysis, Hardware. Abstract: This paper considers event-triggered strategies for the well-known multi-agent average consensus problem. While many results on this topic either require global knowledge of the network topology or cannot guarantee a positive minimum inter-event time, more recent works have been able to establish a positive minimum inter-event time using a fully distributed dynamic triggering mechanism. However, these results only apply to undirected communication networks and are tied to specific Lyapunov functions. This paper presents two different novel distributed dynamic event-triggered algorithms with designable positive minimum inter-event times for directed communication networks. We show that both algorithms have the same asymptotic convergence properties and compare their transient properties through simulations. |
19,658 | Please write an abstract with title: Helmholtz solitons in non-Kerr media, and key words: Nonlinear equations, Optical propagation, Optical solitons, Robust stability, Laboratories, Physics computing, Telecommunication computing, Telecommunication standards, Optical waveguides, Optical planar waveguides. Abstract: This study reports for the first time, exact analytical soliton solutions to a generalized nonlinear Helmholtz equation. Solutions, and accompanying simulations, thus account for both the inherent symmetries of propagation problems and more realistic (polynomial-type) nonlinearities. |
19,659 | Please write an abstract with title: Secret Key Distribution Protocol in MIMO Systems with 3D-3GPP Channel Model, and key words: Wireless communication, Protocols, Simulation, Communication system security, Channel models, Uplink, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: At present, wireless communication technology greatly improves the transmission data rate, but at the same time, it also has higher and higher requirements for the realization of secure communication. From the perspective of information theory, the physical layer key system provides a new way to solve the problem of secure communication in wireless communication system. The uplink and downlink wireless channels with natural reciprocity are used as random sources to generate shared key. Firstly, this paper introduces the steps of a key distribution protocol with multi-level quantization based on the characteristics of wireless channel CSI. Secondly, the security of this kind of key distribution protocol is analyzed by the key generation rate and other evaluation metrics. Furthermore, it is verified by simulation in the typical channel model scenario of 4G communication mode. The simulation results show that the key distribution protocol based on the characteristics of wireless channel can achieve a key generation rate of 5 bits/resource block under the condition of high signal-to-noise ratio (such as 20dB) in the current communication network circumstance, and the generated key sequence has sufficient randomness, so as to achieve effective secure communication. |
19,660 | Please write an abstract with title: A Security Evaluation Model Based on Fuzzy Hierarchy Analysis for Industrial Cyber-Physical Control Systems, and key words: Risk management, Industrial control, Analytical models, Control systems, Safety. Abstract: With the increasing security threats to the information of Industrial Cyber-physical Control Systems, the quantitative assessment of security risk becomes an important basis of information security research. Based on fuzzy hierarchy analysis, this paper constructs the hierarchical model of industrial control system safety risk evaluation, and obtains the exact value of risk. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively quantify the control system risk, which provides a basis for industrial control system risk management decision. |
19,661 | Please write an abstract with title: Microcontroller Based Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Speed Control of Three-phase Induction Motor, and key words: Space vector pulse width modulation, Low voltage, Induction motors, Frequency modulation, Microcontrollers, Velocity control, Rotors. Abstract: Three-phase induction motors are often times classified as almost constant speed motors due to the less than 5% slip its normal operation is confined to, and it can be challenging to vary the speed without affecting the motor's efficiency. This is because adjusting any one parameter will cause changes in the remaining parameters and affect the entire machine's output. Speed control has been achieved by adjusting the parameters of the rotor or stator to obtain the desired speed range of the motor's shaft. For the stator, the input voltage, frequency, or the number of poles would have to be adjusted and for the rotor, an external resistance can be added or inject slip frequency voltage in the rotor circuit. However, all these methods have their disadvantages and shortcomings as manipulating just one parameter will cause instability within the machine. As such, the constant voltage-frequency (v/f) ratio technique is deemed the most suitable method since it offers high efficiency and is cost effective. This research examines the use of microcontroller-based three-phase Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) to obtain a constant v/f ratio which will be used to control the speed of a three-phase induction motor. This technique demonstrated control of the speed by varying the frequency relative to voltage. Low frequency and low voltage decrease the speed while high frequency and voltage increase the speed. |
19,662 | Please write an abstract with title: Reliability analysis of rotary unions on balanced machines, and key words: Hoses, Costs, Fitting, Maintenance engineering, Iron, Materials handling equipment, Asset management. Abstract: Material handling equipment like stackers, reclaimers and ship loaders are grouped as ‘balanced machines’. These equipment need a continuous water supply, which is provided through a hose, at the end of which there is a ‘rotary union’ fitting, containing an interface between stationary and rotating parts, which is used to connect the hose to the distribution piping on the equipment. Frequent failures of the rotary unions across the various plants of Rio Tinto Iron Ore operations in the Pilbara, prompted a review of the maintenance strategy for these fittings. A study was done to collect the failure data of the rotary unions on all balanced machines across all plants, followed by a reliability analysis. Machine downtime data was extracted to study the impact of downtime to operations. Costs working for various maintenance strategy scenarios were performed to arrive at the optimum maintenance strategy for the rotary unions. |
19,663 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Factors Affecting Adoption Intention on Smartwatch Adoption in Human and Technology Factor Perspective, and key words: Analytical models, Technology acceptance model, Numerical analysis, Wearable computers, Conferences, Clothing, Mathematical models. Abstract: Technology becomes a common part of human activities and helps humans work. The wearable device, such as a smartwatch, is one of the applied technologies worn as accessories or embedded in clothing. This study will discuss the analysis of the determinant factors that influence smartwatch adoption intentions in technological and human factors. The technological factor that influences the user’s acceptance of technology is examined using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Meanwhile, the human factor that consists of the image and the personal innovativeness factor will be analyzed using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Then, this study applies the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to determine whether the factors used in this study positively affect smartwatch adoption intentions and the data will be analyzed using the statistical technique of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). We found that Perceived informativeness, image (social status), and personal innovativeness are significantly affecting perceived usefulness. Furthermore, perceived ease of use also has significantly affected the perceived usefulness. The result also shows that perceived usefulness has a significant influence on smartwatch adoption (adoption intention). We also identify several priority strategies to increase the smartwatch adoption. |
19,664 | Please write an abstract with title: Further EOT scaling of Ge/HfO<sub>2</sub> over Si/HfO<sub>2</sub> MOS systems, and key words: Hafnium oxide, Substrates, Annealing, Sputtering, Semiconductor films, Thickness measurement, Argon, Chemical analysis, Human computer interaction, Nose. Abstract: In this paper, we describe a comprehensive comparision between Ge/HfO/sub 2/ and Si/HfO/sub 2/ system through physical and electrical properties. |
19,665 | Please write an abstract with title: Targeted Dissemination of Emergency Information: Joint Traffic and Communication Optimization, and key words: Simulation, Roads, Conferences, Communications technology, Delays, Resource management, Optimization. Abstract: The travel delay caused by incidents severely reduces the efficiency of traffic. This symptom has been relieved with the development of advanced communication technologies. However, the emergency traffic information (ETI) is meaningless for vehicles which do not traverse the incident segment. Unlike most existing studies concentrating on the network performance during the dissemination of ETI to all vehicles, this paper proposes a joint traffic-communication optimization strategy (JTCS) to reduce the extra cost caused by unnecessary communication, which minimizes the total communication and traffic cost by transmitting the ETI to the worthy vehicles who need the ETI. Specifically, we capture the optimal targeted ETI transmission strategy with combination of radio resource allocation strategy (RRAS) and traffic-influencing transmission strategy (TTS), which can be converted into a bi-level optimization problem. The lower-level problem minimizes the total cost by Lagrangian method and obtains the optimal RRAS when the TTS is given. The upper-level problem develops the optimal TTS based on the optimal RRAS obtained in the lower-level problem. Simulation results using SUMO and MATLAB indicate that JTCS can achieve minimal total cost of ETI transmission and vehicle rerouting by comparing with existing approaches. |
19,666 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural Network Enhanced Optimization of the Microwave Waveguide Amplifiers, and key words: Waveguide transitions, Neural networks, Electromagnetic waveguides, Microwave circuits, Microwave transistors, Microwave amplifiers, Planar waveguides. Abstract: High-Q waveguide resonators have become more commonplace since the losses of planar circuit are significant at higher frequencies. In amplifiers design, three-dimensional (3D) waveguide cavities are often employed as the matching networks of the planar circuits including the transistor. Thus, the interconnection of the waveguide-to-microstrip transition and the feedback of the transistor itself make the calculation and optimization of the physical model more difficult. The neural network technique can be used in the electromagnetic (EM) optimization of the waveguide amplifiers, leading to improved design efficiency. |
19,667 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a Modified Tree-fractal Antenna for RFID Reader Applications, and key words: Simulation, Cutoff frequency, Planar arrays, Signal processing, Fractals, Communications technology, Coplanar waveguides. Abstract: This research paper describes the design of a modified tree-fractal antenna intended for RFID reader applications. The proposed planar antenna is linearly polarized and comprise of a tree-fractal shaped monopole radiator with a filleted ground plane. Simulation results indicate that the planar antenna exhibit a wider bandwidth (3.98 GHz – 8.6 GHz) with an omnidirectional radiation pattern. The overall dimension of the design i.e. 0.46λ × 0.36λ × 0.015λ (λ = wavelength at lowest cutoff frequency) shows that the proposed design is compact related to previously reported designs. With a peak realized gain of 3.6 dBi, the tree-fractal antenna is suitable for short-range RFID reader applications. |
19,668 | Please write an abstract with title: Resistors, Markov chains and dynamic path planning, and key words: Resistors, Path planning, Sampling methods, Robot sensing systems, Robot kinematics, Orbital robotics, Energy dissipation, Convergence, Grid computing, Circuits. Abstract: Dynamic planning involves continuously updating a map by sensing changes in the environment and planning appropriate actions, with all tasks sharing common computational resources. We use harmonic functions for dynamic planning. Analogous representations of harmonic functions as Markov chains and resistor networks are used to develop the notion of escape probability and energy dissipation. These measures are used to indicate convergence (event that permits resources to be devote to non-planning tasks) more robustly than monitoring maximum or average field changes between iterations. The convergence of the harmonic function is related quadratically to the number of grid elements. An example of an irregular sampling strategy - quad tree - is developed for harmonic functions, which is complete yet imprecise. Quad trees are not a sufficient sampling strategy for addressing the exponential growth of multiple dimensions and therefore current investigations include other sampling strategies or dimensional parallelization. |
19,669 | Please write an abstract with title: High-efficiency linear amplification by dynamic load modulation, and key words: Impedance, Radio frequency, Dynamic range, Amplitude modulation, High power amplifiers, Voltage, Peak to average power ratio, Electric variables control, Band pass filters, Power generation. Abstract: Load modulation is a new technique in which amplitude-modulated signals are produced with high efficiency by dynamic variation of the load impedance of the power amplifier. The prototype MOSFET PA operates in class E and produces a peak output of 19 W at 30 MHz with an efficiency of 66 percent. Load modulation is accomplished by a T network with a pair of high-voltage MOSFETs that act as a voltage-variable capacitor. The envelopes of a variety of different signals are successfully generated. For a Rayleigh (multi-carrier) envelope with a 10-dB peak-to-average ratio, the average efficiency is twice that achieved in linear operation of the same PA. |
19,670 | Please write an abstract with title: An Exploratory Study of Masked Face Recognition with Machine Learning Algorithms, and key words: masked face recognition, machine learning, ocular biometrics, synthesized mask, Covid-19 pandemic. Abstract: Automated face recognition is a widely adopted machine learning technology for contactless identification of people in various processes such as automated border control, secure login to electronic devices, community surveillance, tracking school attendance, workplace clock in and clock out. Using face masks have become crucial in our daily life with the recent world-wide COVID-19 pandemic. The use of face masks causes the performance of conventional face recognition technologies to degrade considerably. The effect of mask-wearing in face recognition is yet an understudied issue. In this paper, we address this issue by evaluating the performance of a number of face recognition models which are tested by identifying masked and unmasked face images. We use six conventional machine learning algorithms, which are SVC, KNN, LDA, DT, LR and NB, to find out the ones which perform best, besides the ones which poorly perform, in the presence of masked face images. Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is utilized as the feature extraction operator. We generated and used synthesized masked face images. We prepared unmasked, masked, and half-masked training datasets and evaluated the face recognition performance against both masked and unmasked images to present a broad view of this crucial problem. We believe that our study is unique in elaborating the mask-aware facial recognition with almost all possible scenarios including half_masked-to-masked and half_masked-to-unmasked besides evaluating a larger number of conventional machine learning algorithms compared the other studies in the literature. |
19,671 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy-Based Optimization and Control of a Soft Exosuit for Compliant Robot–Human–Environment Interaction, and key words: Impedance, Legged locomotion, Robots, Optimization, Neurodynamics, Adaptation models, Human-robot interaction. Abstract: Many previous studies of soft exosuits improved human locomotion performance. However, there is no example to control a soft exosuit using human ankle impedance adaption in assistance tasks compliantly. In this article, the human–environment interaction information is exploited into the exosuit control. A novel fuzzy-based optimization and control method of soft exosuit is proposed to provide plantarflexion assistance for human walking by changing the human–robot interaction. In particular, a fuzzy neurodynamics optimization is developed to learn the unknown human ankle impedance parameters automatically. A fuzzy approximation technique is applied to improve the control performance of the exosuit when a human is walking with unknown human–robot interaction model parameters. This control scheme guarantees that the human–robot dynamics follows a target human ankle impedance model to obtain the compliant interaction performance. Experiments on different participants verify the effectiveness of the control scheme. Results show that a compliant human–robot interaction is achieved by learning the human–environment interaction parameters, i.e., the human ankle parameters. It indicates that our proposed method can facilitate exosuit control to achieve compliant robot–human–environment interaction. |
19,672 | Please write an abstract with title: Vision Aided URLL Communications: Proactive Service Identification and Coexistence, and key words: Deep learning, Visualization, Machine learning algorithms, Wireless networks, Computer network reliability, Neural networks, Ultra reliable low latency communication. Abstract: The support of coexisting Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) and enhanced Mobile Broad-Band (eMBB) services is a cornerstone challenge to wireless communication networks. Those two types of services introduce strict resource allocation requirements resulting in a power-struggle between reliability, latency, and resource utilization. The difficulty in addressing that challenge could be rooted in the predominant reactive approach to resource allocation in wireless networks, where the allocation operation is carried out based on received service requests and global network statistics. This paper proposes a novel framework termed service identification to develop proactive resource allocation algorithms. The framework is based on visual data and deep learning, and its objective is to equip future wireless networks with the ability to anticipate incoming services and perform proactive resource allocation. To demonstrate the potential of the framework, a wireless network scenario with two coexisting URLLC and eMBB services is considered, and a deep learning algorithm is designed to utilize RGB video frames and predict incoming service type and its request time. An evaluation dataset is developed and used to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. The results show that the algorithm enables a 78% utilization of idle network resources, which emphasizes the value of proaction. |
19,673 | Please write an abstract with title: Near-Data Processing in Memory Expander for DNN Acceleration on GPUs, and key words: Graphics processing units, Tensors, Training data, Registers, Random access memory, Bandwidth. Abstract: We propose a near-data processing (NDP) architecture that exploits a memory expander with byte-addressable memory-semantic interconnect to accelerate memory-bound operations in deep neural networks (DNNs). Our architecture can execute NDP operations on the memory traffic from the GPU on-the-fly by employing bump-in-the-wire NDP logic between the off-chip link and memory controller. In addition, the memory-bound operations executed on the NDP unit can be effectively overlapped with compute-intensive operations executed on a GPU, even if the two operations have a dependency. Furthermore, the NDP offloading can be automatically done by the compiler without any code modification by deep learning practitioners. Our approach can achieve a 51% speedup for training VGG-16 with batch normalization. |
19,674 | Please write an abstract with title: Accurate Modeling of PLL With Frequency-Adaptive Prefilter: On the Positive Feedback Effect, and key words: Phase locked loops, Adaptation models, Mathematical models, Standards, Analytical models, Transfer functions, Stability analysis. Abstract: Phase locked loops (PLLs) with frequency-adaptive prefilters could suppress input disturbances and thus are widely studied. However, their accurate models are absent in the literature. In particular, the impact of frequency adaption (FA) is underestimated. This letter proposes the accurate and analytical modeling method with focus on the impact of frequency adaption, by taking the PLL based on dual second-order generalized integrator (DSOGI) as an example. The proposed model can precisely describe the transient behaviors of DSOGI-PLL, especially the couplings among amplitude, phase angle, and frequency. Moreover, it reveals that the FA creates a positive feedback path, which is the essential reason for the instability phenomenon and the key factor limiting the PLL performance. Experimental results have verified the accuracy of the proposed model. |
19,675 | Please write an abstract with title: Big Data Analysis of Intelligent Electric Meters' Faults, and key words: Meters, Handheld computers, Big Data, Data warehouses, Correlation, Training, Neural networks. Abstract: At present, there are still some deficiencies in the use of intelligent electricity meters in China, which makes the staff often encounter some problems and faults. This paper will make an in-depth discussion on the big data analysis of intelligent electricity meters' faults, so as to promote the rapid development of intelligent electricity meters in the era of big data in China. |
19,676 | Please write an abstract with title: The 6G Computing Continuum (6GCC): Meeting the 6G computing challenges, and key words: 6G mobile communication, Wireless networks, Scalability, Microprocessors, Computational modeling, Computer architecture, Real-time systems. Abstract: 6G systems, such as Large Intelligent Surfaces, will require distributed, complex, and coordinated decisions through-out a very heterogeneous and cell free infrastructure. This will require a fundamentally redesigned software infrastructure accompanied by massively distributed and heterogeneous computing resources, vastly different from current wireless networks. To address these challenges, in this paper, we propose and motivate the concept of a 6G Computing Continuum (6GCC) and two research testbeds, to advance the rate and quality of research. 6G Computing Continuum is an end-to-end compute and software platform for realizing large intelligent surfaces and its tenant users and applications. One for addressing the challenges or orchestrating shared computational resources in the wireless domain, implemented on a Large Intelligent Surfaces testbed. Another simulation-based testbed is intended to address scalability and global-scale orchestration challenges. |
19,677 | Please write an abstract with title: Wearable Freedive Computer With Acoustic Communication, and key words: Safety, Prototypes, Accidents, Sensors, Modems, Microcontrollers, Consumer electronics, Acoustics, Underwater equipment, Underwater acoustics. Abstract: The spread and performance of freedivers have increased enormously in recent years. In addition to the ever-increasing depth, diving time also increases. Due to this, even relative beginners dive into depths in the no longer visible area. Regardless of the depth or duration of the dive, the freediver needs to be continuously monitored so that the safety freediver can react quickly. To address this problem, we present the Wearable Apnea Divecomputer with Acoustic Communication (WADAC). The device collects and displays basic data about a dive is easily expandable and enables digital underwater communication between several freedivers. At the time of writing this contribution, the data that can be transmitted contains depth, time, heart rate, and temperature. The prototype is waterproof to 250 m and enables a data transmission range of 200 m regardless of direction. Results from tests in the water with the help of a subsequent Usability evaluation questionnaire showed, based on 14 freedivers, that the interest and novelty toward the WADAC compared with 452 other products is significant. |
19,678 | Please write an abstract with title: The Random Neural Network with a Genetic algorithm in Intelligent Buildings, and key words: Buildings, Neurons, Genetic algorithms, Neural networks, Genomics, Bioinformatics, Organisms. Abstract: The Random Neural Network with a Genetic algorithm and its integration into an Intelligent Building: iBuilding is proposed in this paper. The presented biological method, founded on the Genome, codifies and transmits the information from the Intelligent Building. Furthermore, it also multiplexes its data entirely to generate Clusters of Buildings that are interconnected with each other. The key concept proposed in this paper is that the learned information obtained by iBuilding after its interaction with the environment is never lost when the building is decommissioned or retrofitted but transmitted to future iBuilding generations as distributed organisms. Data is codified in the network weights instead of the neurons, similar as the Genome, in order to enable an Artificial Intelligence evolution in iBuilding. The presented biological algorithm is inserted into an iBuilding model where sensorial neurons distributed within the Intelligent Building collect measurements about its environment and select relevant information. This proposed model has been validated with several research datasets that cover several key scenarios; experimental results demonstrate that the Random Neural Network Genetic Algorithm codifies, transmits and multiplexes iBuilding information to future generations with insignificant error, therefore, successfully creating a cluster of buildings. |
19,679 | Please write an abstract with title: On-line software in the HARP experiment, and key words: Data acquisition, Neutrino sources, Object oriented databases, Atmospheric measurements, Collaborative software, Computer architecture, Particle measurements, Production, Object oriented modeling, Detectors. Abstract: The HARP experiment has collected data in the CERN-PS East Hall during the years 2000-2003. Here we describe the software and hardware architectures of the on-line system, featuring a network-based data acquisition system with the possibility of on-line recording to an object-oriented database. The adoption of a formal object-oriented design methodology very much helped the creation of a consistent architecture in a small amount of time. |
19,680 | Please write an abstract with title: The design and performance of high gain parametric amplifiers for petawatt class lasers, and key words: Optical design, Performance gain, Pulse amplifiers, Optical amplifiers, Pump lasers, Laser modes, Laser excitation, Laser noise, Optical distortion, Optical pulses. Abstract: The paper presents the design of an OPCPA based front end for petawatt class lasers. The issues of beam quality, jitter, spectral and temporal distortion are modeled and compared with experimental results on a novel system producing 100 mJ class pulses from the parametric amplifier section. |
19,681 | Please write an abstract with title: Presence of marine floating litter and vulnerable species in the Central Mediterranean Sea, and key words: Cetaceans, marine litter, pollution, plastic, monitoring, Mediterranean. Abstract: Floating marine litter is a worldwide problem, causing significant pollution in seas and oceans and impacting various marine species. Among these species, cetaceans, such as whales and dolphins, and sea turtles are particularly vulnerable, suffering entanglement and ingestion as the primary consequences. These preliminary results show the distribution of key species, such as cetaceans and sea turtles, and marine litter in the Central Mediterranean Sea. Data were collected on board scientific vessels, ferries and cargo ships along different routes in the Strait of Sicily and the Gulf of Catania, applying the sampling method developed by the Fixed Line Transect Network. Information about the floating marine litter was collected including characteristics as the material, name, size, color and sector of use of each element. The constant presence of marine litter along all routes has been shown, with an abundance of plastic debris characterised by a range size of 2050 cm, and the attendance of several cetacean species in the areas most affected by this type of pollution. Therefore, an important overlapping between the zones in which cetaceans are regularly present and those with a high marine litter density has been found, bringing out new concerns about the state of waters in the areas studied and urging to find possible strategies to be applied for mitigating the problem. |
19,682 | Please write an abstract with title: OpCNet: Endowing vehicles with perspective vision: Clairvoyance of occluded Pedestrian crossing in complex driving scenes, and key words: occluded pedestrian detection, occlusion completion, driving scene understanding. Abstract: A major safety challenge for intelligent autonomous vehicle is the perception of sudden and unpredictable occluded pedestrian crossing (OPC). So far, the performance on heavily vision-obstructed pedestrians detection in complex driving scenes remains unsatisfied. Instead of focusing on the detections of unobstructed parts of pedestrians in previous works, our efforts have been made to explore solution from a novel path by restoration and completing pedestrian from occlusions. We proposed a self-supervised learning model termed OpCNet which consists of two main modules of instance segmentation and partial completion network. Our proposal demonstrated quality performance in amodal segmentation and making completion-inference on heavily occluded pedestrians in complex traffic scenes. This could effectively helps to improve the detection and behavior predictions of occluded pedestrians. |
19,683 | Please write an abstract with title: Power effective induction motors for energy saving, and key words: Induction motors, Energy consumption, Energy resources, Potential energy, Production, Fuels, Variable speed drives, Materials reliability, Europe, Power generation economics. Abstract: Effectiveness of Russian economy is markedly decreased due to its high power consumption. Nowadays large energy saving potential is accumulated. The purpose of the given work is to examine the potentialities of power effective induction motors design for energy saving. The possibility of induction motor improvement without changing cross section for adjustable electric drives to provide energy saving has been shown. For developing energy saving induction motor it's worth taking into account in optimum criterion not only losses decrease but also expenses decrease of reactive energy compensation and reliability increase which is always observed when active material mass increases. |
19,684 | Please write an abstract with title: A Quick No-Reference Quantification of the Overall Contrast of an Image, and key words: Brightness, Kernel, Measurement, Reliability, Streaming media, Heart, Image quality. Abstract: This study examines the issue of quickly quantifying the overall contrast of the image at the lowest required cost. The main goal of this study is to achieve better the accuracy and reliability of the quick assessment of global contrast for multi-element images. To meet this challenge, in this work, we propose a new approach to quickly quantify the contrast of the image by measuring its incomplete integral contrast. At the heart of the proposed approach is the assessment of contrast for each object in the image relative to the adaptation level given the sizes (area) of these objects. To demonstrate the possibilities of such an approach, new metrics proposed for measuring incomplete integral contrast with the use of different definitions of contrast kernels. Such an approach allows us to a more full and accurate evaluate the impact of objects on forming the estimate of image overall contrast. |
19,685 | Please write an abstract with title: Compact Electric Vehicle Charging Station using Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) for E-Scooters, and key words: Protocols, Computer architecture, Software, Electric vehicle charging, User experience, Safety, Standards. Abstract: An Electric Vehicle (EV) charger, also called Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) is an infrastructure element that supplies electrical energy for recharging EVs. The paper focuses on the design and fabrication of two-wheeler (escooter) electric vehicle charging equipment. Considering the future scenario of mass privatization of EV two-wheelers on Indian roads, the outline discusses the product design based on fabricability, affordability, and ability to mass manufacture. The proposed architecture follows the Level 2 charging standards (240 Volts), and is based on the open charge point protocol (OCPP). The suggested EVCS is constructed considering the safety prerequisites of system administrators, installers, consumers, government agencies and others. The design of EVCS links to three industries: equipment manufacturers, software industry and electric power networks. This paper presents design considerations by elaborating the hardware, software, and protocols followed to design the Level 2 charging standard EVCS. |
19,686 | Please write an abstract with title: Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation for Quadrotor Fault Diagnosis Enhancing Airworthiness using OS-Fuzzy-ELM, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Training, Actuators, Atmospheric modeling, Aerospace simulation, Feature extraction, Controllability. Abstract: With the rising adoption of multi-rotor UAVs, it has become ever more crucial that their airworthiness is ensured, especially for hobby-grade UAVs. For some UAVs, their onboard components might not be as reliable as required and as such, faults can occur during flight operations and may develop to cause catastrophe. Hence, these faults need to be accurately diagnosed and quickly mitigated. This paper presents a fault diagnosis model for a quadrotor subjected to partial actuator faults. Flight simulations, with actuator and GPS sensor fault injections, are performed on a hardware-in-the-loop experimental setup to gather flight data consisting of multiple sensors. Based on this data, a preliminary controllability threshold analysis is conducted for the quadrotor. After that, a fault diagnosis model using an online sequential fuzzy-extreme learning machine (OS-Fuzzy-ELM) is trained to locate the actuator faults on the quadrotor UAV. The trained model presents an average testing accuracy and macro-averaged F1 score of 80.2% and 78.0%. A subsequent study to isolate sensor and actuator faults presents the testing accuracy and macro-averaged F1 score to be 1.95% and 1.21%, marginally better than a fault diagnosis model based on a single-layer feedforward network |
19,687 | Please write an abstract with title: Coded Space-Time-Frequency OFDM over IEEE 802.11 Fading Channels, and key words: OFDM, Fading, Frequency diversity, Diversity reception, Receiving antennas, Transmitting antennas, Block codes, Delay, MIMO, Channel coding. Abstract: In this paper we present 4 transmit and 1 receive (4Tx:1Rx) antenna system of coded space-time-frequency in conjunction with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (coded STF-OFDM). We concatenate STF block code with channel coding namely convolutional code of rate 1/2 with length 5 to combat channel impairment. We compare our coded STF scheme with ST-OFDM and SF-OFDM over IEEE 802.11 multipath channel under delay spread of 700 ns and 1 us in outdoor environments. Results show that coded STF-OFDM scheme outperforms other schemes by as much as 8 dB (against ST-OFDM) in spread of 700 ns. The scheme also outperforms others over a severe channel with delay spread of 1 us but is almost comparable to coded SF-OFDM |
19,688 | Please write an abstract with title: A Framework for Pruning Deep Neural Networks Using Energy-Based Models, and key words: Training, Energy loss, Neural networks, Stochastic processes, Optimization methods, Manuals, Signal processing. Abstract: A typical deep neural network (DNN) has a large number of trainable parameters. Choosing a network with proper capacity is challenging and generally a larger network with excessive capacity is trained. Pruning is an established approach to reducing the number of parameters in a DNN. In this paper, we propose a framework for pruning DNNs based on a population-based global optimization method. This framework can use any pruning objective function. As a case study, we propose a simple but efficient objective function based on the concept of energy-based models. Our experiments on ResNets, AlexNet, and SqueezeNet for the CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets show a pruning rate of more than 50% of the trainable parameters with approximately < 5% and < 1% drop of Top-1 and Top-5 classification accuracy, respectively. |
19,689 | Please write an abstract with title: 1.27Gb/s/pin 3mW/pin wireless superconnect (WSC) interface scheme, and key words: Electrostatic discharge, Capacitors, Coupling circuits, Protection, Capacitance, Transmitters, Personal communication networks, Bandwidth, Very large scale integration, Driver circuits. Abstract: A low-power high-speed chip-to-chip interface scheme is described having a density of 625pins/mm/sup 2/. The interface utilizes capacitively coupled contactless minipads, return-to-half-V/sub 00/ signaling and sense amplifying F/F. The measured test chip fabricated in 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS delivers up to 1.27Gb/s/pin at 3mW/pin. |
19,690 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Analysis of a Stand-aided Lower-Limb Exoskeleton System for Pediatric Rehabilitation, and key words: Solid modeling, Pathology, Exoskeletons, Sociology, Loading, Prototypes, Finite element analysis. Abstract: The effective movement of lower-body joints imparts a crucial role while performing the daily living activities (ADL). However, these movements become constrained in case of neuromuscular disorders due to the feeble muscles and damaged nerves. Moreover, in view of pediatric population, the limited mobility of lower-limb joints is majorly due to the post-stroke gait pathologies. In this work, the design, analysis, and prototyping of a novel 6-DOFs lower-limb exoskeleton system (LLES v2) is proposed for the pathological gait rehabilitation of pediatric subjects (8-12 years, 25-40 kg, 130±2cm). Primarily, the CAD of the stand-held system is proposed in SolidWorks software with required design features. Assigning the material as Aluminum alloy and Steel, finite element analysis (FEA) of the wheel-supported stand assembly is carried out for two different loading conditions, i.e., reaction period and single support phase in a gait cycle. Thereafter, the FEA of foot pad is carried out for maximum loading conditions with two different grades of Steel material. From the simulation results of stress and deformation, the most reliable material is selected for the safe design of the stand assembly and foot fad. Finally, invoking the design parameters and selected materials, the working prototype of the exoskeleton system is briefly presented. |
19,691 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of Soft-Core Processor with Efficient Array Data Transfer Mechanism, and key words: Embedded systems, Memory management, Loading, Data transfer, SDRAM, Task analysis, Field programmable gate arrays. Abstract: Recently, the use of FPGA in the fields of embedded systems has been increasing. However, there is a problem that it is difficult to develop dedicated circuit on FPGA in a short time in many cases. One method for solving this problem is to reduce the development cost of the dedicated circuit by migrating some part of the target task, whose performance is not critical in the system, onto soft-core processor. If the performance of the soft-core processor is improved, more part of the target task can be migrated onto it, the amount of the dedicated circuit to be developed can be further reduced, and thus the development cost can be reduced.However, when trying to raise the performance of soft-core processor, the improvement of the memory access performance is a critical issue, since the performance of memory system including off-chip memory is generally not high in embedded system. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to improve the performance of off-chip SDRAM memory access, and discuss the method of efficient data transfer that utilizes the SDRAM bandwidth as efficiently as possible. And we implement the mechanism to realize the efficient data transfer. We also develop a soft-core processor equipped with vector loading function as research prototype platform, and preliminarily evaluate the performance. |
19,692 | Please write an abstract with title: Embodying Rather Than Encoding: Undulation with Binary Input, and key words: Control design, Biological systems, Robot sensing systems, Numerical simulation, Encoding, Sensors, Trajectory. Abstract: Undulation is the most common gait generated by legless creatures, which enables their robust and efficient locomotion in various environments. Such advantages inspired the control design of many kinds of locomotion robots. Despite their technical details, most of them realize the undulation gait via tracking predetermined trajectories called serpenoid curves, which are a group of sinusoidal waveforms with specified phase differences. This technique, however, sounds quite redundant in terms of sensing and control. Here, we investigate the research question: whether the sinusoidal waveform is necessary to be encoded in the control signal to make the whole body an “S-shape”? We use a 4-link rigid body dynamics model as a simple example, by which numerical simulations are conducted. Together with theoretical analysis, we show that undulation gait emerges naturally based on embodied position controller and filter, where binary actuation torques are required only. Our results not only discover locomotion mechanisms for significantly reducing the sensing and control requirement of generating artificial undulation gait, but also provide additional understandings for biological systems from the mechanical engineering point of view. |
19,693 | Please write an abstract with title: SAR Target Image Generation Method Using Azimuth-Controllable Generative Adversarial Network, and key words: Synthetic aperture radar, Azimuth, Radar polarimetry, Generative adversarial networks, Generators, Image synthesis, Target recognition. Abstract: Sufficient synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target images are very important for the development of research works. However, available SAR target images are often limited in practice, which hinders the progress of SAR application. In this article, we propose an azimuth-controllable generative adversarial network to generate precise SAR target images with an intermediate azimuth between two given SAR images' azimuths. This network mainly contains three parts: 1) generator, 2) discriminator, and 3) predictor. Through the proposed specific network structure, the generator can extract and fuse the optimal target features from two input SAR target images to generate an SAR target image. Then, a similarity discriminator and an azimuth predictor are designed. The similarity discriminator can differentiate the generated SAR target images from the real SAR images to ensure the accuracy of the generated while the azimuth predictor measures the difference of azimuth between the generated and the desired to ensure the azimuth controllability of the generated. Therefore, the proposed network can generate precise SAR images, and their azimuths can be controlled well by the inputs of the deep network, which can generate the target images in different azimuths to solve the small sample problem to some degree and benefit the research works of SAR images. Extensive experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method in azimuth controllability and accuracy of SAR target image generation. |
19,694 | Please write an abstract with title: Attention-Based Multiscale Sequential Network for PolSAR Image Classification, and key words: Feature extraction, Image classification, Spatial databases, Covariance matrices, Training, Logic gates, Deep learning. Abstract: Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images classification is an important topic for PolSAR images understanding and interpretation. However, traditional pixel-based PolSAR image classification that takes image pixel as a processing unit cannot make full use of spatial information and, thus, may not obtain the satisfactory classification results. Hence, this letter proposed an attention-based multiscale sequential network for PolSAR images classification increasing the multiscale spatial information between pixels by way of spatial sequence. Specifically, the long short-term memory (LSTM) network is introduced to convert the time sequence into spatial sequence to extract the spatial features. Then, to obtain the more abundant spatial features and select more important spatial information, an attention-based multiscale spatial-enhanced LSTM (AMSE-LSTM) is proposed to enhance the relationship between pixel spatial information. Finally, a new mixed loss function is defined to improve the classification performance. Experimental results with two real PolSAR data show that compared with state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method can achieve a much better performance and overall classification accuracy. |
19,695 | Please write an abstract with title: Stability Analysis of Isolated Operation Mode of DC Distribution System with Battery Energy Storage, and key words: DC-DC power converters, Mathematical models, Stability analysis, Batteries, Steady-state, Voltage control, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: For the application scenario of DC distribution system supplying for AC passive network using voltage source converter (VSC), the bidirectional DC-DC converters should be connected with the battery energy storage devices to maintain the DC voltage unchanged. Firstly, the small signal dynamic equation of VSC is established by treating the AC load as constant power model for modeling simplification. Secondly, the control strategies of DC voltage-controlled and power-controlled DC-DC converters are studied as well as the small signal models of the two types according to the voltage stability requirement of DC bus. Thirdly, taking the DC network system as the connection nodes, the integrated state space model of whole system is established. The influence of steady-state operating points, main circuit parameters and the control system parameters on the stability of the DC distribution system is studied. Finally, the correctness of modeling and conclusion are verified by the electromagnetic transient simulation models. |
19,696 | Please write an abstract with title: Construction of Environmental Education Program Utilizing Project & Program Management Framework, and key words: Industries, Program management, Education, Pressing, Sensors, Personnel, Sustainable development. Abstract: An environmental education program primarily focused on ecosystem preservation was constructed in Aya Town, Miyazaki Prefecture, which was registered as Aya Biosphere Reserve (hereinafter “BR”) in 2012. As expressed in the Sustainable Development Goals (hereinafter “SDGs”), the Earth's environmental problems are recognized as a pressing issue. In order to address this issue, it is important to develop personnel who will support the next generation. The state of the environmental education program conducted within Aya BR is regarded as Project & Program Management framework, and the program was implemented in Aya Town. A system was constructed that provided environmental education for students throughout the entire region by integrating the principles of industry, government, and academia in line with the environmental education program at Aya BR. The purpose was to develop and demonstrate environmental education teaching materials that utilize remote sensing technology. |
19,697 | Please write an abstract with title: The Design and Implementation of Intelligent Bedpan for Bedridden Patients, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Hospitals, Prototypes, Color, Stability analysis, Temperature control. Abstract: This paper describes the design and implementation of an intelligent bedpan for bedridden patients. It consists of three parts; 1) Bedpan Subsystem, 2) The Main Control Subsystem, and 3) The Human-Machine Interaction Subsystem. The working parameters of the system enter through the graphical interface of the touch LCD of the toilet, and can also be monitored remotely through mobile phones. Spontaneously, the intelligent bedpan detects and collects feces and urine. It cleans, washes and dries patient’s genitals and buttocks automatically. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) system controls and regulates temperature to ensure the accuracy of temperature for patient comfort. Practice shows it enormously improves patient comfort and reduces caregivers’ workload. |
19,698 | Please write an abstract with title: Command-Filtered Backstepping Controller for DC Microgrid with Hybrid Energy Storage Devices, and key words: Microgrids, Batteries, Supercapacitors, Generators, Mathematical model, DC-DC power converters, Backstepping. Abstract: This paper presents a control scheme for command filtering and backstepping for DC microgrid systems with hybrid energy storage devices. The proposed control scheme strictly controls the active power output by each power converter unit (PCU), and stabilizes the DC bus voltage, regardless of load transients. In terms of power distribution, the energy management system performs first-order low-pass filtering according to the required compensation power, where the high-frequency part is borne by the supercapacitor and the low-frequency part is borne by the battery. As to design of the controller, The use of backstepping control easily lead to differential expansion, which makes the design of the controller difficult. The command filter is used to solve this problem. Finally, the simulation is set up in Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation results show that the designed power distribution strategy and controller have excellent control effect and strong robustness. |
19,699 | Please write an abstract with title: Mask Guided Spatial-Temporal Fusion Network for Multiple Object Tracking, and key words: Target tracking, Neural networks, Feature extraction, Reliability, Object tracking. Abstract: Multi-object trackers make the association almost perfectly when no occlusion occurred between two or more targets. However, it is hard to extract reliable features on account of partial occlusion caused by a nearby object, which often leads to tracking failure. In this paper, we utilize mask to guide attention of the neural network in order to focus on the visible part of the target and design a tracklet-level feature extraction method. Then, a tracking framework is proposed based on a mask guided fusion network and multi-hypothesis tracking algorithm. Comprehensive evaluation on the MOT17 dataset shows that our approach achieves competitive results. |
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