ID int64 0 400k | content stringlengths 97 5.85k |
|---|---|
20,800 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection of Multiple Function Dependency Violations for Distributed Big Data, and key words: function dependency, violation detection, distributed environment, big data. Abstract: It is usually necessary to move data from one site to another when detecting function dependency violations under distributed data environment, which leads to low efficiency in big data processing. In this paper, a novel detection method of multiple function dependency violations was proposed based on the concept of equivalence class, and a response time cost model for the method was provided. Because it is a NP-hard for function dependency violation detection to allocate tasks under distributed environment, we converted response time minimum of violation detection into an integer programming problem, and provided near-optimal solution. Aiming at the different cluster scale and the number of function dependencies, different task assignment policies were provided, and load balancing problem was also considered adequately. The experimental results on real and artificial data set show that, compared to the centralized detection methods on Hadoop 2.0, the proposed method in the paper has an obvious efficiency promotion and good extensibility in big data processing. |
20,801 | Please write an abstract with title: State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Using State Augmented Cubature Kalman Filter in Presence of Uncharacterized Coloured Noise, and key words: Estimation, White noise, Battery charge measurement, State of charge, Noise measurement, Kalman filters, Colored noise. Abstract: This paper addresses the State of Charge (SOC) estimation problem for Li-ion battery with the measurement perturbed with uncharacterised colour noise. Accurate estimation of the state of charge is a crucial task for the Battery Management System (BMS) to monitor the health of the battery. Often, SOC is estimated by Bayesian estimators using noisy measurements with the assumption of Gaussian white noise. For this assumption, the estimation results would degrade substantially in the presence of colour noise in the measurement and the situation worsens when the auto correlation coefficient of the noise remains unknown. This paper presents a solution method based on Cubature Kalman filter (CKF) with the noise augmented state vector which demonstrates superior estimation performance over the standard CKF. The augmented CKF is also validated in simulation using the current signals from realistic cell tests consisting of urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) cycles. The results demonstrate the suitability of the proposed state augmented CKF where the measurement is perturbed with uncharacterised colour noise. |
20,802 | Please write an abstract with title: Keynote 1, and key words: Handwriting recognition, Text analysis, Deep learning, Image recognition, Computer vision, Annotations, Writing. Abstract: Provides an abstract of the keynote presentation and may include a brief professional biography of the presenter. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. |
20,803 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-channel spectrum analysis of surface waves, and key words: Surface waves, Frequency, Sensor arrays, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness, Fourier transforms, Surface reconstruction, Amplitude estimation, Polarization, Parametric statistics. Abstract: Spectrum analysis of surface waves (SASW) is one of the most effective non-invasive methods for soil characterization. Surface waves travel in the medium along a free boundary and can be easily detected by using a transducer placed on the free surface of the boundary. Traditional methods of SASW are two-station methods that use the phase information at two receivers to determine phase velocity as a function of frequency. Multi-station methods have also been developed by using a two-dimensional Fourier transform approach, but these methods exhibit poor resolution. We propose a new method based on vector processing of data obtained from an array of tri-axial sensors to produce a high resolution, multi-modal spectrum of the surface waves. These different modes can be identified and reconstructed in time domain, and then inverted to obtain the shear velocity profile of the subsurface. |
20,804 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling Microwave Emission of Corn Crop Considering Leaf Shape and Orientation Under the Physical Optics Approximation, and key words: Vegetation mapping, Microwave measurement, Shape, Microwave theory and techniques, Scattering, Distribution functions, Microwave radiometry. Abstract: The objective of this article is a systematic investigation of the sensitivity of C- and X-band emissions to leaf shape and orientation for various growth stages of corn. To simulate these effects, we used the model developed at Tor Vergata University (TOV model), which is based on a matrix doubling algorithm considering multiple scattering. Corn leaves have specific properties of shape, curvature, and orientation. We have compared different approaches, including segmented elliptical disk oriented following leaf curvature, unique elliptical disk per leaf, and segmented circular disk with size determined by the shorter leaf dimension and following the leaf curvature. Moreover, widespread leaf inclination angle distribution functions combined with in situ measurements of leaf inclination angle are adopted. The scatterers' phase matrix calculations are based on the physical optics approximation. Simulations are conducted with the ground-measured soil and vegetation properties as inputs and evaluated against the corresponding ground-based, multifrequency radiometer observations carried out in four different years over Chinese sites. The investigations show that in most cases the segmented circular disk assumption shows the best correspondence to the measurements over intermediate growth stages when the vegetation heights lie between 50 and 200 cm, and the unique elliptical disk model achieves the best correspondence for the later growth stages when the vegetation heights are larger than 200 cm with prefer-erectophile distribution of leaf orientation. The use of in situ leaf inclination angle measurements can improve the model accuracy by up to 25 K for tall vegetation heights compared with random distribution assumption. |
20,805 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal and suboptimal error spectrum shaping for cascade-form digital filters, and key words: Digital filters, Electronic switching systems, Roundoff errors, Limit-cycles, Noise shaping, Noise reduction, Performance gain, Digital systems, Phase change materials, Narrowband. Abstract: Error spectrum shaping (ESS) can significantly reduce finite-wordlength error in recursive fixed-point digital filters. Most past work on ESS has focused on second-order filters. In this paper, expressions for the ESS coefficients minimizing the roundoff error are derived for high-order filters composed of cascaded second-order sections. A comparison of the noise gains is made between optimal and suboptimal ESS structures and the section-optimal structure; the ESS structures perform well in comparison. A heuristic section-ordering strategy, based on ideas underlying ESS, is proposed and deemed useful, particularly for elliptic filters. |
20,806 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning based model for predicting Stress Level in Online Education Due to Coronavirus Pandemic: A Case Study of Bangladeshi Students, and key words: COVID-19, Pandemics, Education, Psychology, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Corona. Abstract: During the pre-pandemic era online education in Bangladesh was not popular and certificates achieved from online education were often discouraged by organizations. However, the scenario has changed a lot within the last one and half years. The covid-19 pandemic force almost all the countries to adapt to new norms in almost every aspect of life and that happened in Bangladesh also, especially in the education sector. Undoubtedly this caused psychological stress to almost every stakeholder of this system. Our paper aims to predict this stress level of students in the context of Bangladesh using machine learning techniques. To conduct the research primary data were collected using google form and after preprocessing the data several prominent supervised classifiers were applied to predict the stress levels of students due to online education. Among these classifiers, the proximity of the Random Forest algorithm was found to play the greatest role in predicting the stress level detection in online classes and the accuracy was 73.91%. |
20,807 | Please write an abstract with title: Sampled-data Tracking and Disturbance Compensation of Nonlinear Systems, and key words: Nonlinear systems, Uncertainty, Output feedback, Mechanical engineering, Electrical engineering, Disturbance observers, Adaptation models. Abstract: This paper solves the tracking problem for feedback linearizable sampled data nonlinear systems. The conversion of a continuous system into its sampled data equivalent has been discussed and the proposed control law has been derived. In classical control theory, high gain observers based feedback control has been adopted for stabilizing a nonlinear system and state estimation to track a varying reference, but it compromises the main design purpose. The proposed scheme uses augmented state estimation technique to find the additional compensation to be applied at input channel to minimize the tracking error. The results are shown through an illustrative example of an inverted pendulum system that verifies the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. |
20,808 | Please write an abstract with title: Metamaterials: a new concept in the microwave technique, and key words: Metamaterials, Microwave theory and techniques, Magnetic materials, Optical refraction, Indexing, Load flow, Optical propagation, History, Dielectric constant, Permeability. Abstract: The history of the metamaterial concept is outlined. The story started with the Institution of Veselago and continued almost thirty years later with the works of Pendry and co-workers. Their constructions resulting negative relative dielectric constant and negative magnetic permeability are also reviewed. The difference between the metamaterial structures and the photonic crystals is described. The experimental verifications are also presented. |
20,809 | Please write an abstract with title: The Influence of the Number of Frequencies and the Frequency Repetitions Rates in Spread Spectrum Sigma-Delta Modulated DC-DC Converters, and key words: Sigma-delta modulation, Frequency modulation, Voltage measurement, Switches, DC-DC power converters, Pulse width modulation, Frequency conversion. Abstract: This paper explores the impact of using a Spread Spectrum modulation technique based on a Sigma-Delta modulator for a DC-DC SiC-based power converter. A simple block is proposed for the PWM to generate square pulses close to 20 kHz with a controlled ramp profile. Then, different frequencies and repetition rates are used to systematically evaluate their influence of carrier related emissions. The comparison of results is carried out by measuring the peak of the switching harmonic and the average value over CISPR band A (9–150 kHz). The measurements are taken at the input voltage of the converter. |
20,810 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing Data Placement for Hybrid SRAM+Racetrack Memory SPM in Embedded Systems, and key words: Random access memory, Costs, Nonvolatile memory, Memory management, Phase change materials, Micromagnetics, Magnetic tunneling. Abstract: Nonvolatile memory (NVM) has the potential as the medium for scratchpad memory (SPM) in embedded devices. Racetrack memory (RM), in particular, is a developing memory technology that possesses high density and read latency comparable to SRAM. The RM’s access operations, however, are based on shift operations. Multiple shift operations will lead to long access latency and high energy. In this article, SRAM is borrowed to help the shifts reduction. Thus, a novel hybrid SRAM+RM SPM is presented to make use of SRAM’s random access and RM’s high density. But, there are some challenges to the proposed architecture: 1) the large capacity of SRAM is not available due to its low density and 2) due to the drawbacks of RM mentioned above, data that are randomly accessed are not expected to be stored on RM. Therefore, a data placement scheme and an instruction scheduling strategy are presented for the proposed architecture. First, an access instruction scheduling strategy is introduced to obtain a relatively sequential access sequence to help with the shifts and SRAM size reduction; second, to help with data placement, a metric for representing the data access cost is proposed; third, a data placement strategy based on the metric is proposed; and finally, a solution for decreasing SRAM size is suggested to maximize the capacity of SPM (or minimize the size of SPM). Experiments show that the suggested scheme can significantly improve the performance of the hybrid SPM while also reducing the shifts on RM with minimal SRAM. |
20,811 | Please write an abstract with title: Design Method for Reducing AC Resistance of Traction Motor Using High Fill Factor Coil to Improve the Fuel Economy of eBus, and key words: Traction motors, Resistance, Windings, Fill factor (solar cell), Conductors, Synchronous motors, Power system measurements. Abstract: To improve electric vehicle (EV) mileage, motors must be designed for higher power density and efficiency. Winding technology with a high fill factor decreases the motor volume by reducing the unnecessary area of the slot. A motor conductor with a large cross-sectional area generates additional losses due to ac resistance, reducing the efficiency of the motor. Traction motors designed under these conditions can adversely affect EV fuel economy. Therefore, a design method is proposed to reduce the ac resistance of a traction motor by applying winding technology with a high fill factor to increase the fuel economy of the EVs. First, the characteristics and manufacturing process of the maximum slot occupation (MSO) coil, which is a winding technology with a high fill factor, are introduced. An ac resistance reduction method for a motor using an MSO coil is then proposed. Additionally, a motor designed using the proposed method is presented, and its electrical performance is compared with that of an initial motor. Next, the effect of the fuel economy improvement of the presently designed traction motor is verified through a vehicle simulation, and the validity of this article is experimentally confirmed using this motor. |
20,812 | Please write an abstract with title: An interoperable, standards-based grid resource broker and job submission service, and key words: Middleware, Grid computing, Computer architecture, Web services, Resource management, Job design, Benchmark testing, Information systems, Software tools, Performance evaluation. Abstract: We present the architecture and implementation of a grid resource broker and job submission service, designed to be as independent as possible of the grid middleware used on the resources. The overall architecture comprises seven general components and a few conversion and integration points where all middleware-specific issues are handled. The implementation is based on state-of-the-art grid and Web services technology as well as existing and emerging standards (WSRF, JSDL, GLUE, WS-Agreement). Features provided by the service include advance reservations and a resource selection process based on a priori estimations of the total time to delivery for the application, including a benchmark-based prediction of the execution time. The general service implementation is based on the Globus Toolkit 4. For test and evaluation, plugins and format converters are provided for use with the NorduGrid ARC middleware |
20,813 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of the Radiation Field From a Hollow Electron Beam Inside an Infrared Free Electron Laser Oscillator, and key words: Laser theory, Electron beams, Free electron lasers, Optical resonators, Optical saturation, Laser beams, Mirrors. Abstract: At University of Science and Technology of China, we have an Infrared (IR) free electron laser (FEL) oscillator experimental facility (FELiChEM) to generate radiations in the wavelength range of 2.5-50 m and 40-200 m. The output power is one of the most concerned parameters by the users. Since the electron beam distribution and the out-coupling hole in the resonator mirror can influence the saturated power and the optical mode, it would be an important issue to the output power of the IR light source. It has been demonstrated that use of a hollow electron beam could offer a higher saturated power than use of a Gaussian electron beam. Thus we consider the operation of FELiChEM with a hollow beam, and analyze its effect on FEL performance. |
20,814 | Please write an abstract with title: Contactless Energy Transfer for Inductive Electrically Excited Synchronous Machines, and key words: Rotors, Windings, Coils, Zirconium, Inductors, Bridge circuits, Resonant frequency. Abstract: In this paper several system topologies for the operation of electrically excited synchronous machines with inductive energy transfer instead of slip rings are presented. In a first step, the advantages of electrically excited synchronous machines in the automotive sector are shown. Secondly, influences between the contactless energy transfer system and the rotor winding are presented. The paper shows several energy transfer topologies to operate and control the machine, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. In the end a presentation of a demonstrator suitable for a single digit kilowatt excitation is shown. |
20,815 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a new CMOS low noise amplifier for ultra wide-band wireless receiver in 0.18 /spl mu/m technology, and key words: Broadband amplifiers, Low-noise amplifiers, Ultra wideband technology, CMOS technology, Noise figure, CMOS process, Impedance matching, Power supplies, Noise measurement, Acoustic reflection. Abstract: This paper discusses the design of a new single ended low noise amplifier (LNA), in the 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process, for the ultra wide-band (UWB) of 3.1 GHz to 5.15 GHz. Improved noise figure and excellent input impedance match are achieved using the design. From a power supply of 1.8 V the LNA exhibits a noise figure (NF) of 2.29 dB to 2.48 dB, input reflection coefficient (S11) of less than -14.9 dB and a small signal power gain (S21) of 11.20 dB to 12.10 dB over the whole range. The equation for noise factor is derived for the UWB LNA. |
20,816 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of Anisotropic Wet Chemical Etching for Silicon Microneedles Fabrication, and key words: Fabrication, Temperature dependence, Temperature, Etching, Silicon, Potassium, Chemicals. Abstract: This paper presents the study of silicon microneedles patterns of formation by a method of anisotropic wet chemical etching in potassium hydroxide solution. Anisotropic etching speed dependencies from solute concentration and temperature have been obtained. It has been shown, that microneedles with desired height and sharpening angle values could be fabricated in a potassium hydroxide solution with high etching speed. It is necessary to control the ending of the etching process to provide the required sharpening angle for nanodimentional points. |
20,817 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement results for the ASoC V3: A High Performance Waveform Digitizer System-on-Chip, and key words: Semiconductor device measurement, Image resolution, Atmospheric measurements, Conferences, Detectors, Particle measurements, Robustness. Abstract: Based on the requirements for compactness, low power, high timing resolution, and robustness to pile-ups for modern particle imaging based identification detectors, a new multi-channel waveform digitizer, the ASoC (Analog to digital converter System on a Chip), has been designed and fabricated. Measurements of analog and digital performance of the revisions 2 and 3 of the asic will be reported. |
20,818 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic maintenance of association invariants, and key words: Object oriented modeling, Memory management, Software design, Laboratories, Buildings, Formal languages, Writing, Computer languages, Software engineering, Application software. Abstract: Many approaches to software specification and design make use of invariants: statements whose truth is preserved under various operations upon a system or component. Approaches that involve the construction of object-oriented or entity-relationship models require the expression of a particular kind of global invariant, concerning associations between objects or entities. This paper shows how association invariants can be expressed in a new, object-based formal language. It then explains how these expressions can be used to determine pre- and post-conditions for local operations, sufficient to ensure that the invariants are maintained. These conditions - and the program text to implement them - can be generated automatically. This makes it easier to produce correct implementations of an object-oriented design. |
20,819 | Please write an abstract with title: Characteristics of a mixed 100-km EHV transmission line with shunt compensation for various topologies, and key words: Power engineering, Power cables, Switches, Power grids, Steady-state, Topology, Transient analysis. Abstract: With the current power grid reinforcement, cable sections are increasingly required due to the densely populated regions and the acceptance of residents. This results in a mixed transmission line with overhead and cable sections. Due to the higher capacitance of cables, there is a larger charging current which can be reduced by shunt compensations. This complete setup with overhead lines, cable sections and shunt compensations are analyzed on a 100-km long 400-kV transmission line in order to gain general knowledge about the operation of a mixed line. The studies have been carried out using EMTP-ATP for certain steady-state cases and EMTP-RV for transients. |
20,820 | Please write an abstract with title: The effect of clay seams in borehole GPR attenuation tomography, and key words: Ground penetrating radar, Attenuation, Tomography, Lenses, Antenna radiation patterns, Geologic measurements, Conductivity, Boring, Antenna measurements, Soil. Abstract: Shallow borehole GPR measurements can be of precious aid in geotechnical and environmental studies when the topmost soils show high conductivity and prevent penetration of EM energy from the surface. However, in many sedimentary environments, clay seams or lenses are likely encountered along the borings. The presence of such seams affects the radiation pattern of the antennas, thus corrupting the attenuation tomography results. The influence of small scale clay units on attenuation tomographic results are appraised through numerical modeling and comparison with field data. Borehole GPR measurements were performed to complement the site characterization of a planned expansion of a cement plant. A basic geological model is built from interpretation of these data. Forward modeling is performed with clay lenses of various sizes successively inserted along the transmitting borehole. The results show that the travel times are almost unaffected by the presence of clay. On the other hand, amplitudes are more severely distorted. It is found that the presence of clay can either reduce or amplify the first arrivals, depending on the position of the transmitter and receiver pair relative to the clay seam. The synthetic amplitudes and travel times are inverted, thus allowing the construction of a synthetic conductivity map for the various seam models. These maps show that whatever the size of the lens, the quality of the reconstruction is affected. Therefore, conclusive observations made from attenuation tomography based on amplitude inversion are hazardous in the presence of small scale heterogeneities near the boreholes. |
20,821 | Please write an abstract with title: A genetic algorithm for vehicle routing problems with stochastic demand and soft time windows, and key words: Genetic algorithms, Vehicles, Routing, Stochastic processes, Costs, Mathematical model, Scheduling algorithm, Logistics, Time factors, Capacity planning. Abstract: We study the stochastic vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (SVRPSTW). Vehicles with limited capacity are routed from the central depot to a set of geographically dispersed customers with unknown demands, predefined presence probability and time windows. The late arrival at the customer is allowed by adding a penalty to the objective value. A mathematical model is developed to describe the behavior of this kind of delivery system. A novel age based genetic scheduling algorithm is proposed as an optimization tool to solve this intractable vehicle routing problem in order to minimize the total cost. The effectiveness of the proposed scheduling algorithm is illustrated by using a set of randomly generated numerical examples. The results indicate that the proposed genetic approach is a simple but effective means for solving these problems |
20,822 | Please write an abstract with title: A fault diagnosis approach for rolling bearing based on Fourier transform multi-filter decomposition and symbolic dynamic entropy, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Fourier transforms, Entropy, Time series analysis, Band-pass filters, Signal resolution, Frequency-domain analysis. Abstract: Bearings are one of the important components of mechanical systems, and their state affects the system operating performance, production efficiency and manufacturing quality, therefore, it is necessary for bearing fault prediction and diagnosis. In this paper, a fault diagnosis approach based on Fourier transform multi-filter decomposition (FTMFD) and symbolic dynamic entropy (SDE) is proposed. To obtain more fault information, FTMFD is proposed for signal decomposition. This decomposition method is then combined with SDE to obtain the fault features. Simulation of the proposed decomposition method is presented in the paper. The bearing dataset from Case Western Reserve University bearing data center is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic approach with three different classifiers. The experimental results show that the proposed approach has excellent fault diagnosis capability. |
20,823 | Please write an abstract with title: Packet-LDPC codes for tape drives, and key words: Parity check codes, Code standards, Error correction codes, Concatenated codes, Error correction, Computer architecture, Product codes, Magnetic heads, Disk recording, Magnetic recording. Abstract: In this paper, we introduce packet low-density parity-check (packet-LDPC) codes for high-density tape storage systems. We report on the performance of two error control code (ECC) architectures based on the packet-LDPC codes. The architectures are designed to be (approximately) compatible with the widely used ECMA-319 ECC standard based on two interleaved concatenated 8-bit Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. One architecture employs an inner RS code; the other employs an inner turbo product code with single parity-check constituent codes (TPC-SPC). Both employ a packet-LDPC code as the outer code. As for the ECMA-319 system, both schemes are required to correct noise bursts due to media defects and synchronization loss, as well as the loss of one of eight tracks (due to a head clog, for example). We show that the first packet-LDPC code architecture substantially outperforms the ECMA-319 scheme and is only a few tenths of a decibel inferior to a long, highly complex 12-bit RS scheme. The second architecture outperforms both the ECMA-319 and the long RS code scheme. |
20,824 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiple Sound Source Separation by Using DOA Estimation and ICA, and key words: Direction-of-arrival estimation, Signal processing algorithms, Estimation, Independent component analysis, Blind source separation, Microphone arrays, Reverberation. Abstract: In this paper, a multiple sound source separation method based on directions of arrival (DOA) and independent component analysis (ICA) fusion is proposed. Firstly, based on the characteristics of microphone arrays, the mixed speech signals of multiple sources are collected and the DOA information of each source is estimated according to single-source point (SSP) algorithm. Secondly, the estimated DOA information is fused with a Gaussian operator to form a modified Gaussian operator. Finally, the fused modified Gaussian operator is used as a guide to apply the ICA algorithm to separate the mixed speech and obtain each speech. The experiments and objective evaluation show that the proposed method can optimize the iteration speed and achieve better separation quality compared with some existing blind source separation (BSS) approaches. |
20,825 | Please write an abstract with title: Relational Facts Extraction with Splitting Mechanism, and key words: Decoding, Feature extraction, Bidirectional control, Task analysis, Pipelines, Natural language processing, Neural networks. Abstract: Relational fact extraction is aimed to extract triples from sentences. Recent years, Sequence-to-sequence learning has been utilized for this task because of its advantage of modeling three different entity overlapping types. In their model, they utilized the same RNN cell to decode entities and relation in a triplet. Actually, the information required to predict entities and relation are different. So we shouldn't mix the process of extracting entities from the original sentence and predicting the relation between entities. Based on the above observation, we propose a novel mechanism to split the process of decoding entities and relation. We conduct extensive experiments on NYT and WebNLG datasets. The experimental results show that our Splitting-Mechainsm (SM) helps to promote performance. |
20,826 | Please write an abstract with title: Extraction of Interpretable Decision Sets in Graph Databases, and key words: Databases, Machine learning, Predictive models, Knowledge discovery, Graph neural networks, Task analysis, Optimization. Abstract: In recent years, research on knowledge discovery in graph structured databases has regained attention, and many studies have been conducted. While recently developed kernel-based methods and graph neural networks show high performance in accuracy for the classification tasks, they have a problem with interpretability since the obtained model is usually a black box that is difficult for humans to understand. In this paper, in order to build accurate predictive models with high interpretability, we propose an extension of Interpretable Decision Sets (IDS), one of representative frameworks in the field of interpretable machine learning, for graph databases. IDS employs two stage framework. After the enumeration of association rules in the first stage, IDS selects an optimal set of rules under a function on interpretability and accuracy in the second stage. In this paper, as an extension of the first stage, we give a method for deriving a set of classification rules on subgraph patterns. In addition, we develop new optimization functions for selecting a small number of simple and accurate rules which have dissimilar subgraph patterns to each other. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is confirmed through the experiments using two real datasets. |
20,827 | Please write an abstract with title: Pt-Decorated Graphene Gate AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT for Ultrahigh Sensitive Hydrogen Gas Detection, and key words: Hydrogen, Logic gates, Graphene, Sensors, Wide band gap semiconductors, Aluminum gallium nitride, HEMTs. Abstract: Hydrogen fuel has attracted significant attention as an alternative clean energy for hydrogen vehicles and household fuel systems and has been expected to be pervasive. Thus, compact, low-power, and highly sensitive hydrogen sensors capable of being embedded in Internet-of-Things devices are in demand. In this work, an ultrahigh sensitive hydrogen sensor operating at room temperature based on the Pt-decorated graphene (Pt/Gr) gate AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MIS-HEMT) is presented. The proposed unique gate structure of island-like Pt on graphene not only modulates the density of 2-D electron gas (2DEG) but also provides efficient diffusion of hydrogen ions into the gate even at very low concentrations (<; 1 ppm) of hydrogen. The fabricated Pt/Gr gate AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT hydrogen sensor shows a remarkably high response of $\sim 1.6\times 10^{7}$ in a hydrogen concentration of 1000 ppm at room temperature. Upon exposure of at most 1 ppm hydrogen gas, the current increases significantly by a factor of 15.4, exhibiting an unprecedentedly high hydrogen response. Furthermore, the proposed AlGaN HEMT architecture has an outstanding hydrogen selectivity and insensitivity to NH3, H2S, and CO gases at the same time. |
20,828 | Please write an abstract with title: A Hierarchical Learning Approach to Autonomous Driving Using Rule Specifications, and key words: Autonomous vehicles, Behavioral sciences, Reinforcement learning, Robustness, Deep learning, Vehicles, Predictive models. Abstract: Understanding the movement of surrounding objects and controlling robot platforms (such as autonomous vehicles and social robots) in a safe way are challenging problems. In the autonomous driving problem, autonomous vehicles must take into account the future behaviors of nearby vehicles and make appropriate controls accordingly. This is the biggest factor that makes autonomous driving problems difficult. In this work, this problem is tackled by combining benefits from both sequence prediction and deep reinforcement learning in a hierarchical manner. The driver’s behavior is classified according to the driving style defined by the rules selected in the autonomous driving situation. High-level behavior represents driving style, and the vehicle’s movement model is trained to condition itself to high-level behavior. Instead of directly finding low-level controls, we focus on finding high-level behaviors to increase efficiency. For example, if an autonomous vehicle needs to change lanes in certain situations, the high-level behavior “change lanes” is first selected and the corresponding vehicle movement model is used to find the appropriate low-level controls. Reinforcement learning is used to help select the best high-level behavior, and future behaviors of nearby vehicles are jointly reasoned to lead to better understanding of the current situation. The feasibility of the proposed approach is tested in publicly available datasets. The proposed method shows better efficiency and performance compared to existing learning-based control algorithms. |
20,829 | Please write an abstract with title: Documentation of Machine Learning Software, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Conferences, Buildings, Documentation, Machine learning, Programming, Data science. Abstract: Machine Learning software documentation is different from most of the documentations that were studied in software engineering research. Often, the users of these documentations are not software experts. The increasing interest in using data science and in particular, machine learning in different fields attracted scientists and engineers with various levels of knowledge about programming and software engineering. Our ultimate goal is automated generation and adaptation of machine learning software documents for users with different levels of expertise. We are interested in understanding the nature and triggers of the problems and the impact of the users' levels of expertise in the process of documentation evolution. We will investigate the Stack Overflow Q&As and classify the documentation related Q/As within the machine learning domain to understand the types and triggers of the problems as well as the potential change requests to the documentation. We intend to use the results for building on top of the state of the art techniques for automatic documentation generation and extending on the adoption, summarization, and explanation of software functionalities. |
20,830 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Image Generation of Peking Opera Face using StyleGAN2, and key words: Costs, Image synthesis, Generative adversarial networks, Feature extraction, Generators, Cultural differences, Faces. Abstract: Image generation technology, which is often used in various applications of intelligent image generation, can learn the feature distribution of real images and sample from the distribution to obtain the generated images with high fidelity. This paper focuses on the feature extraction and intelligent generation techniques of Peking opera face with Chinese cultural characteristics. Based on the creation of a Peking opera face dataset, this paper compares the impact of different variants of a Style-based generator architecture for Generative Adversarial Networks (StyleGAN2) and different sizes of datasets on the quality of face generation. The experimental results verify that the synthetic images generated by StyleGAN2 with the addition of the Adaptive Discriminator Augmentation (ADA) module are visually better and have good local randomness when the dataset is small and unbalanced in distribution. |
20,831 | Please write an abstract with title: Reinforcement Learning based Optimization for Cobot's Path Generation in Collaborative Tasks, and key words: Service robots, Heuristic algorithms, Conferences, Collaboration, Reinforcement learning, Robustness, Production facilities. Abstract: Task-Parameterized Learning from Demonstrations (TP-LfD) is an effective approach for collaborative robot (cobot). It aims at generating a path of a cobot moving in a dynamic collaborative task (e.g., a pick-and-place task) adaptively with respect to knowledge learnt from demonstrated tasks. That is, the learnt knowledge from demonstrated tasks are considered task parameters, which are critical input for TP-LfD to generate a movement path of a cobot for a new dynamic task. To further enhance the adaptability of TP-LfD, in this paper, an improved TP-LfD ( i TP-LfD) approach over other developed TP-LfD approaches is presented. One of the major contributions in i TP-LfD is that a reinforcement learning based optimization algorithm is designed to eliminate irrelevant task parameters identified in demonstrations, which boosts the overall computational performance of cobot's path generation. In the end, case studies were used to validate and highlight the adaptability and robustness of the approach. |
20,832 | Please write an abstract with title: E-Commerce Portal as Promotion Media and Market Place by Adopting Business Model Innovation For SMEs, and key words: Business, Analytical models, Technological innovation, Unified modeling language, Portals, Companies, Prototypes. Abstract: The presence of e-commerce support SMEs to promote and market their products online be able to compete on a global scale. However, the perpetrators of SMEs still do conventional promotion and marketing. The use of e-commerce technology is low as a media promotion and market place result SME has not been able to reach a global scale and profit only get by a conventional sell. To facilitate SMEs in order to promote and market products online, so it needs to be made a prototype e-commerce portal as a place for the perpetrators of SMEs. Business process analysis does by functional analysis method. Analysis of functional then designed a business development model based on business model innovation by adopting SMEs. Designing a prototype using UML, then do the testing of User Acceptance Test (UAT) for the prototype that all respondents agreed that the e-commerce portal prototype has been built in accordance with the requirement of the end-user and the quality of the prototypes had good criteria with a percentage of 83.86%. The result of this research is a prototype e-commerce portal as a platform for SMEs to promote and market their products and make it easier to get information for the advancement of SMEs in the form of news from relevant agencies distributed in the e-commerce portal. |
20,833 | Please write an abstract with title: A Framework for Assessing the Resilience of 5G Mobile Communication Networks, and key words: Industries, Power demand, 5G mobile communication, Network topology, Mathematical models, Communication networks, Ultra-dense networks. Abstract: For 5G mobile communication networks, which are widely used in ultra-dense networks, the number of base stations and devices is huge and vulnerable to various attacks. It is a challenge to ensure the effective communication while facing attacks. Based on the resilience theory, a resilience assessment framework is proposed, which consists of five mathematical models, to conduct simulation experiments to quantitatively analyze the resilience of 5G networks. This framework helps to model and assess the resilience of 5G networks and provides guidance for their deployment. |
20,834 | Please write an abstract with title: Haptic System Interface Design and Modelling for Bilateral Teleoperation Systems, and key words: Vibrations, Solid modeling, Technological innovation, Computational modeling, Virtual reality, Robot sensing systems, Mathematical models. Abstract: Creating autonomous robots to assist humans in their daily activities has been one of the important innovations of robotic research. In this paper, a 2-dimensional movement platform of the haptic feedback interface for human machine systems is developed including DC motors and ball screws as the core components. The platform is inclusive in the complete haptic feedback teleoperation systems, which display remote sensing data to the operators in the forms of force and vibration. The remote objects/environment can be actual devices/machines or just computer simulations, such as virtual reality. The proposed platform helps to mimic various interactions between the concerned remote object and corresponding environment. Lagrange method is applied to model the mechanical-electrical system. The developed model is simulated and compared with the hardware platform. The time domain responses obtained from both mathematical models and platform validate the established prototype. |
20,835 | Please write an abstract with title: A new omnidirectional vertical polarization antenna with low profile and high gain, and key words: Polarization, Dipole antennas, Vehicles, HDTV, Directive antennas, Mirrors, Antenna arrays, Antenna measurements, Wireless communication, Receiving antennas. Abstract: A new omnidirectional vertical polarization antenna array with low profile and high gain is presented. The antenna exhibits good radiation performance and the measured gain is more than 10dBi despite the miniaturized volume, which shows attractive future for HDTV on vehicles. |
20,836 | Please write an abstract with title: Are we really ready for VLSI<sup>2</sup>?, and key words: Very large scale integration, Hardware, Circuits, Cost function, Electronics industry, Standardization, Computer aided manufacturing, Silicon, Large-scale systems, Computer architecture. Abstract: The industry's technological ability to construct complex circuit functions is in danger of far outstripping its ability to conceive and design products that can utilize the complexity. The few exceptions are mostly memories. The efforts attempting to utilize broadly the technology require qualitatively different commitments than has been the case historically in the semiconductor industry. Systems architecture, software and the need for customer support systems vie with lithography, film deposition and diffusion for resources. There are enough different forces coming to bear to indicate that it is not clear that industry will continue to be driven by the processing technology. This address will attempt to describe principal changes taking place that could affect the structure of the solid-state electronic industries. |
20,837 | Please write an abstract with title: An Intelligent Model For Predicting the Sales of a Product, and key words: Cloud computing, Data science, Conferences, Forestry, Prediction algorithms, Production, Organizations. Abstract: The approach shown in this paper is a systematic, accurate and precise model building to be used in computing and predicting current scenario and future projection of a product in market respectively. Product change or updating may discontinue the production of any industry. Future forecast of the product will give time to switch over in new product. Forecasting is an important factor, to the most basics processes in any organization, to plan and deliver products. To be able to predict next purchases is a valuable thing to marketing. The methodology used in this paper is based on machine learning and deep learning for analyzing the data and fetch useful information from the patterns and trends. In previous methodology only a regressive approach is used for calculation of slope. But in our approach, we have used sentimental analysis of products by setting up models in a productive way and had occupied accurate models for each Case in a life cycle of product. |
20,838 | Please write an abstract with title: Decision Support System in GIS to Find Best Route, and key words: Geographic information systems, Decision support systems, Roads, Spatial databases, Google, Computer science. Abstract: Geographical information systems (GIS) become a popular tool in applications that include spatial objects and relations in the real world. The fast-technological expansions in the applications of web-based, simplifying the interaction between GIS and users. A fundamental problem remains available when dealing with a large amount of data in the GIS. Though the GIS strengths in the process of the spatial domain analysis, the systems of GIS are almost uninformed concerning the handling and analysis in the temporal domain. GIS systems find the path between two points or locations depending on time and speed. Therefore, in these days, considerable efforts are guided on this field towards the short time representation on GIS and safe this road. For accomplishing the particular goals of this paper and improve the usefulness of Google maps for the applications of GIS, this work builds a methodological structure to process vector and attribute data and visualise it. The conceptual model utilised here includes three main portions: firstly, the database tier; secondly, the application tier; and thirdly the client tier. This paper proposes a new spatial decision support system in GIS to find the best route between two locations based on different factors; it calculates the shortest and the fastest route depending on either length like other decision support systems or on other features like road safety or quality road by assigning a value to each road using intelligent algorithms (Dijkstra, Astar). The obtained results show decreasing in the time required to find the best result and adding more features as a cost to help the user to select the suitable road. |
20,839 | Please write an abstract with title: Refactoring Debt: Myth or Reality? An Exploratory Study on the Relationship Between Technical Debt and Refactoring, and key words: Java, Codes, Taxonomy, Writing, Market research, Planning, Appraisal. Abstract: To meet project timelines or budget constraints, developers intentionally deviate from writing optimal code to feasible code in what is known as incurring Technical Debt (TD). Furthermore, as part of planning their correction, developers document these deficiencies as comments in the code (i.e., self-admitted technical debt or SATD). As a means of improving source code quality, developers often apply a series of refactoring operations to their codebase. In this study, we explore developers repaying this debt through refactoring operations by examining occurrences of SATD removal in the code of 76 open-source Java systems. Our findings show that TD payment usually occurs with refactoring activities and developers refactor their code to remove TD for specific reasons. We envision our findings supporting vendors in providing tools to better support developers in the automatic repayment of technical debt. |
20,840 | Please write an abstract with title: PIC Microcontroller Module in a Flexible Microprocessor Development System, and key words: Microcontrollers, Tools, Software, Pins, Embedded systems, Universal Serial Bus, Programming profession. Abstract: A microcontroller module with a PIC18 microcontroller has been designed and implemented. It contains all the components in addition to the microcontroller, necessary for its operation as a microprocessor core in embedded systems for real applications. The microcontroller module is the smaller size and different microcontroller compared to the widely used Arduino Uno. Sample algorithms and software has been designed to test the module within the microprocessor system for which it was primary intended in order to prove its correct operation. |
20,841 | Please write an abstract with title: Double Passband Frequency Selective Surface with Different Vision, and key words: Frequency selective surfaces, Passband, Wireless communication, Millimeter wave communication, Electromagnetics, Photonics. Abstract: In this paper, a double passband Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) for TE polarization is designed, fabricated and tested, which introduced in a communication system. What is special about this FSS is that the two passbands have different vision. The first passband (<; 6 GHz) for wireless communication with low insert lose is insensitive to the angle of incidence, so that has little influence on the pattern of the antenna. However, in millimeter wave passband the frequency response is strong related with the angle of incidence. The transmission coefficient rapid decline, as the angle of incidence is above 30°. This feature makes it possible to suppress the first side lobe of the antenna, while ensuring the main beam of the pattern is not deformed. In the stopband, the FSS is opaque from 10GHz to 22 GHz.The frequency responses of the FSS tested are in good agreement with the simulation data. What is more, the FSS has little influence on the pattern of 5.8 GHz antenna, and suppress the first side lobe of the 28 GHz antenna by 15 dB, while the insert lose in two passband is no more than 1dB. |
20,842 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of electromagnetic field and power losses in three phase gas insulated cable, and key words: Electromagnetic analysis, Electromagnetic fields, Cable insulation, Gas insulation, Cable shielding, Power cables, Power cable insulation, Steel, Wires, Laplace equations. Abstract: The following paper presents the electro-magnetic field distribution in a three phase gas insulated cable. Formulas for calculation of power losses in the cable sheath are also given. Applying the separation-of-variables method it was possible to obtain general fi - nal dependences. With the help of a computer, theoretical considerations were illustrated by numerical calculations. |
20,843 | Please write an abstract with title: Oscillation Damping Methods for VSC-HVDC Station using a Virtual Synchronous Machine, and key words: Damping, HVDC transmission, Power system stability, Mathematical model, Oscillators, Matlab, Voltage-source converters. Abstract: Application of virtual synchronous machine (VSM) is presented to damp LFOs as well as improve frequency stability of grid for a VSC based HVDC station connected to power grid. When acting as VSM, VSC-HVDC station will behave similar to the synchronous generator and can influence LFOs occurring in power system. VSC allows flexibility of control to allow design of different control methods to damp power and frequency oscillations. VSM damping strategies studied involve damping either torque or voltage amplitude. Damping method using actual grid frequency and frequency tracking ability of SRF-PLL is use for grid. Methods based on frequency derivative, power forward term and improved damping method based on grid voltage information are also presented in the paper. Damping equations, modelling and MATLAB/Simulink based simulation results with different values of damping coefficient validate the feasibility of application of these damping methods. |
20,844 | Please write an abstract with title: WSN based IoT applications: A Review, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Energy consumption, Surveillance, Data acquisition, Information processing, Market research, Internet of Things. Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology that can be incorporated with wireless sensor networks (WSN) to extend its communication capabilities but the concept of WSN-IoT invites new challenges for the researchers as well as for the end users also. This paper investigates its applications for different domains (home/ industrial/ healthcare/ environment/ surveillance) and different issues associated with data acquisition /aggregation, optimal energy consumption and harvesting for smart devices and scalable communication etc. |
20,845 | Please write an abstract with title: Compositional Verification of Finite Automata under Event Preemption, and key words: Computer languages, Actuators, Automation, Conferences, Computational modeling, Automata, Sensors. Abstract: Given a number of synchronised automata, com-positional verification seeks to verify non-conflictingness with-out the explicit computation of an overall model. Technically, the approach alternates conflict-preserving abstractions with the composition of a small number of strategically chosen automata and the literature reports substantial computational benefits for examples of practical relevance. In this paper, we re-visit this approach in order to address the situation of preemptive events, i.e., events that are known beforehand to be scheduled at highest priority. Our study is motivated by high-level programming languages commonly used in industrial automation, where events associated with actuators preempt events associated with sensors. |
20,846 | Please write an abstract with title: Software architecture for real-time sensor analysis and control of the friction stir welding process, and key words: Software architecture, Friction, Welding, Automatic control, Manufacturing automation, Productivity, Scalability, Condition monitoring, Application software, Real time systems. Abstract: The friction stir welding (FSW) process requires advanced automation to ensure consistent and reliable joints. This has been realized by the development of an experimental set-up by the integration and online monitoring of accurate sensors with reliable modular control software. With increasing productivity and quality requirements imposed by manufacturers, machine flexibility and scalability are becoming increasingly pertinent. On-line process monitoring facilitates the `adaption' of machines able to respond to changing process parameters and conditions. Modular open software architectures allow flexibility in machine application. This paper introduces a fresh approach for the integration of the latest automation technology into an experimental setup equipped with an advanced sensory system. A new method of capturing sensory data and the implementation aspects of the software architecture for a micro-kernel based real-time embedded operating system is introduced. Agile automation of the FSW process is thus realized by advanced monitoring and control |
20,847 | Please write an abstract with title: Long-term ECG trends in atherosclerotic mouse subjects, and key words: Electrocardiography, Mice, Heart, Fibrillation, Encoding, Hardware design languages, Blood, Atherosclerosis, Myocardium, Rhythm. Abstract: The double-knockout (dKO) mouse model, with homozygous null encoding for the apoE lipoprotein molecule and SRB-I receptor, shows extremely elevated LDL and severely depressed HDL levels in blood serum. The subjects show 100% mortality by the age of 8 weeks, with accompanying cardiac hypertrophy, reduced ejection fraction and high incidence of atherosclerosis and multiple regions of myocardial infarct noted on necropsy. While these gross observations have been published previously, we now present long-term ECG trends of these subjects. Of specific note in the dKO subjects are the appearance of severe bradycardia during the night and early morning; high-amplitude ultradian rhythm fluctuations relative to wild-type mice; ST-segment elevation and depression; and an array of ECG anomalies ranging from bigeminy to 2nd and 3rd degree heart block. While the dKO mice can, and periodically do, experience self-limited episodes of ventricular tachycardia and subsequent fibrillation, the small size of the heart makes sustained re-entry and fibrillation impossible (in accordance with the critical mass hypothesis). Our study of 11 dKO subjects indicates that these subjects are not suffering a tachyarrhythmic death, but rather a progressive bradyarrhythmia and terminal asystolic cardiac arrest |
20,848 | Please write an abstract with title: A 38–40 GHz High-Speed 2<i>ⁿ</i>-QAM Modulator Using Sub-Harmonically Injection-Locked Quadrature FLL, and key words: Modulation, Frequency measurement, Frequency modulation, Voltage measurement, Phase noise, OFDM, Frequency locked loops. Abstract: In this letter, a 38-40 GHz high-speed IQ modulator using sub-harmonically injection-locked quadrature frequency-locked loop (FLL) is proposed. The IQ modulator consists of a quadrature FLL and four reflection-type modulators and it is implemented in a 90-nm complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. With a sub-harmonic number of four, the proposed modulator features a locking range wider than 2 GHz, a maximum data rate of higher than 8 Gbps, and low error vector magnitudes (EVMs), among high-level QAM modulations. The modulation scheme can be up 128 QAM due to the low phase noise and low quadrature error of the FLL. The measured 128-QAM EVM is within 3%. With a data rate of 8 Gbps, the measured 16-QAM EVM is within 6%. |
20,849 | Please write an abstract with title: Accurate vision based position tracking between places in a topological map, and key words: Sensor systems, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Image sensors, Data mining, Robot sensing systems, Machine vision, Humans, Mobile robots, Robustness, Robot vision systems. Abstract: This paper presents a method for accurately tracking the position of a mobile robot which moves between places in a previously learned topological map. Places in the map are represented by sets of visual landmarks extracted from panoramic images. Probabilistic localisation methods and the landmark representation enable position tracking within places. A sensor model is presented which improves the accuracy of local position estimates, and is robust in the presence of occlusion and data association errors. Position tracking between places requires the recognition of place transition events and the passing of local position estimates between places. This paper presents such a system and reports real world position tracking results from paths through topological maps. |
20,850 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive selection of contrast scaling /spl alpha/ and grey level /spl beta/ for the quality improvements of fractal image compression, and key words: Fractals, Image coding. Abstract: This paper proposes an independent approach to image coding based on basic fractal theory of iterated transformations. The main characteristics of this approach are that : 1) image redundancy can be efficiently exploited through self transformability on block wise basis, and 2) it approximates an original image by a fractal image. A fractal code when iterated on any initial image produces a sequence of images which converges to /spl alpha/ fractal approximation of the original. This fractal block coder has comparable to vector quantizer with which it shares some aspects. This paper highlights the quality improvement approach by selection of /spl alpha/ and /spl beta/ values for distance measurement between all domains with respect each range. The main purpose of this paper is to present an efficient implementation of the algorithm with same reconstructed image quality. This efficient method of contrast calculation can compute corresponding difference between range block and the transformed domain block efficiently and exactly. |
20,851 | Please write an abstract with title: Forward-Looking Multimodal Endoscopic System Based on Optical Multispectral and High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging Techniques for Tumor Detection, and key words: Tumors, Ultrasonic imaging, Optical imaging, Biomedical optical imaging, Probes, Optical sensors. Abstract: We developed a forward-looking (FL) multimodal endoscopic system that offers color, spectral classified, high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) B-mode, and integrated backscattering coefficient (IBC) images for tumor detection in situ. Examination of tumor distributions from the surface of the colon to deeper inside is essential for determining a treatment plan of cancer. For example, the submucosal invasion depth of tumors in addition to the tumor distributions on the colon surface is used as an indicator of whether the endoscopic dissection would be operated. Thus, we devised the FL multimodal endoscopic system to offer information on the tumor distribution from the surface to deep tissue with high accuracy. This system was evaluated with bilayer gelatin phantoms which have different properties at each layer of the phantom in a lateral direction. After evaluating the system with phantoms, it was employed to characterize forty human colon tissues excised from cancer patients. The proposed system could allow us to obtain highly resolved chemical, anatomical, and macro-molecular information on excised colon tissues including tumors, thus enhancing the detection of tumor distributions from the surface to deep tissue. These results suggest that the FL multimodal endoscopic system could be an innovative screening instrument for quantitative tumor characterization. |
20,852 | Please write an abstract with title: Network Traffic Load Balancing Protocol for Different Priority Traffic, and key words: Protocols, Heuristic algorithms, Systems operation, Transportation, Telecommunication traffic, Complex networks, Production. Abstract: Complex network structures arise in different practical areas such as telecommunication, production chains, transportation, economics etc. Network load balancing is useful for efficient system operation. Congestion avoidance allows not to loose packets and to minimize package delivery time. Another problem is resource distribution between different priority packets. In this paper Local Voting Protocol (LVP) for network load balancing with different priority traffic is proposed. Proposed approach is illustrated by numerical examples. |
20,853 | Please write an abstract with title: A model of random sequences for de novo peptide sequencing, and key words: Random sequences, Peptides, Databases, Laboratories, Organisms, Mass spectroscopy, Bioinformatics, DNA, Genomics, Genetic mutations. Abstract: We present a model for the probability of random sequences appearing in product ion spectra obtained from tandem mass spectrometry experiments using collision-induced dissociation. We demonstrate the use of these probabilities for ranking candidate peptide sequences obtained using a de novo algorithm. Sequence candidates are obtained from a spectrum graph that is greatly reduced in size from those in previous graph-theoretical de novo approaches. Evidence of multiple instances of subsequences of each candidate, due to different fragment ion type series as well as isotopic peaks, is incorporated in a hierarchical scoring scheme. This approach is shown to be useful for confirming results from database search and as a first step towards a statistically rigorous de novo algorithm. |
20,854 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation Criteria for Visual Cryptography Schemes via Neural Networks, and key words: Visualization, Neural networks, Stacking, Encryption, Cryptography, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Visual cryptography schemes are developed for image security, where encryption is realized by distributing a secret image into shares and decryption is done only by stacking the shares. Human eyesight is usually used to evaluate the security and performance of visual cryptography schemes. However, objective criteria for visual cryptography schemes are not yet established. In this paper, by the aid of neural networks, we propose two criteria called encryption-inconsistency and decryption-consistency for evaluating the shares and the recovered images, respectively. We also implemented the experiments for two representatives of visual cryptography schemes by applying three popular convolutional neural networks (CNN) to adopt our proposed criteria. |
20,855 | Please write an abstract with title: Capacity of maximal ratio combining reception over correlated Nakagami fading channels, and key words: Diversity reception, Fading, Phase shift keying, Error probability, AWGN, Channel capacity, Probability density function, Signal to noise ratio, Capacity planning, Quadrature amplitude modulation. Abstract: In this paper, the capacity of maximal ratio combining is considered for different modulation schemes on correlated Nakagami fading channels. Based on an equivalent scalar additive white Gaussian noise channel, we derive the characteristic function (CF) and the probability density function (PDF) of the signal to noise ratio for MRC reception. Using these CF and PDF results, closed form capacity expressions are obtained. |
20,856 | Please write an abstract with title: Reading on 3D Surfaces in Virtual Environments, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Rendering (computer graphics), Virtual environments, Shape, Two dimensional displays, Task analysis. Abstract: While text tends to lead a rather static life on paper and screens, virtual reality (VR) allows readers to interact with it in novel ways: the reading surface is no longer confined to a 2D plane. We conducted two user studies, in which we assessed text rendered on different surface shapes in VR and their effects on legibility and the reading experience. Comparing differently curved surfaces, these studies disclose the impact of warp angles and view box widths on reading comfort, speed, and distraction. Our results suggest that text should be warped around the horizontal rather than the vertical axis, and we provide recommendations for the extent of warp and view box width. In a proof-of-concept application, we used everyday 3D objects as text canvases and studied them through an information-seeking task. The studies’ implications inform VR interfaces and, more generally, the rendering of text on 3D objects. |
20,857 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel Digital and Analogue Hybrid Radio over Fibre System for Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Fronthaul Applications, and key words: Optical fibers, Optical feedback, Radio frequency, Optical filters, Optical amplifiers, Optical receivers. Abstract: A hybrid digital and analogue radio over fibre (RoF) architecture carrying WCDMA and LTE services with data compression at the digital path is demonstrated. Over 40dB dynamic range is achieved for both services. |
20,858 | Please write an abstract with title: Use Cases and Standardisation Activities for eMBB and V2X Scenarios, and key words: 5G mobile communication, 3GPP, Long Term Evolution, Computer architecture, Broadband communication, Radio access networks. Abstract: The H2020 project 5G-DRIVE (5G HarmoniseD Research and TrIals for serVice Evolution between EU and China) cooperates with the Chinese twin project to trial and validate key functions of 5G networks operating at 3.5 GHz bands for enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and 3.5 GHz & 5.9 GHz bands for V2X scenarios. This paper describes the ongoing standardisation efforts for eMBB and V2X scenarios. Furthermore, it introduces the use cases considered by the 5G-DRIVE project. |
20,859 | Please write an abstract with title: Coded Caching at the Edge of Satellite Networks, and key words: Casting, Satellites, Closed-form solutions, Conferences, Benchmark testing, Heterogeneous networks. Abstract: Caching multimedia contents at the network edge is a key solution to decongest the amount of traffic in the backhaul link. In this paper, we extend and analyze the coded caching technique [1] in an unexplored scenario, i.e. at the edge of two-tier heterogeneous networks with an arbitrary number of users. We characterize the performance of such scheme by deriving a closed-form expression of the average backhaul load and reveal a significant gain compared to other benchmark caching schemes proposed in the literature. |
20,860 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed electric field approximation, and key words: Grid computing, Clustering algorithms, Concurrent computing, Distributed computing, Computer architecture, Linux, Partitioning algorithms, Partial differential equations, Electrostatics, Parallel processing. Abstract: Grid or mesh techniques are frequently used to approximate continuous entities that behave in a wave or fluid-like fashion. Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are usually involved in the description of such entities or processes. Distributed parallel computation was used in various computer cluster configurations to calculate PDE solutions of electrostatic field. The study of the efficacy of the selected architecture using mesh techniques was intended. The match between the algorithm and the architecture in achieving maximum computational performance was also investigated. The developed architectures, algorithms, and findings are presented in the paper. |
20,861 | Please write an abstract with title: CoMP-NOMA in the SWIPT Networks, and key words: NOMA, Energy harvesting, Wireless networks, Power system reliability, Probability, Downlink. Abstract: This paper studies coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) network. We investigate two different CoMP-NOMA schemes, namely joint transmission-NOMA (JT-NOMA) and Alamouti NOMA (A-NOMA). Also, as the benchmark, joint transmission orthogonal multiple access (JT-OMA) is considered. Expressions are derived for the outage probabilities achieved by JT-NOMA, A-NOMA, and JT-OMA for cell edge users with quality of service (QoS) requirements. To compare these schemes in terms of spectral efficiency, we use the ε-outage rate region that is defined to be the set of all achievable rate pairs at which the outage probabilities are equal to ε. It is shown that A-NOMA is superior to both JT-NOMA and JT-OMA in high SNR. Also, it is analytically proved that JT-NOMA outperforms JT-OMA, when the circuit energy consumption is negligible. A particularly interesting observation is that when the circuit energy consumption is non-negligible, JT-NOMA is not always better than JT-OMA. It is shown that when the difference between the expectations of effective channel power gains is not sufficiently large, JT-OMA is superior to JT-NOMA for the same circuit energy consumption. |
20,862 | Please write an abstract with title: Some results of research carried out at the Soviet U-02 and U-25 open-cycle MHD facilities, and key words: Magnetohydrodynamics, Fuels, Power generation, Power engineering, Thermal pollution, Thermal engineering, Costs, Energy conversion, Power generation economics, Petroleum. Abstract: This paper discusses recent research conducted at two major Soviet open-cycle MHD facilities-the U-02 experimental installation and the U-25 pilot plant. The role of open-cycle MHD in the fuel-and-energy balance of the USSR is also reviewed. |
20,863 | Please write an abstract with title: Educational applets for active learning in properties of materials, and key words: Semiconductor materials, Java, Electrons, Crystalline materials, Conducting materials, Engineering students, Electrical engineering, Visualization, Collaboration, Filtering. Abstract: The traditional, lecturer-driven classroom is giving way to a new more active environment, where students have access to a variety of multimedia course materials. We created several Java applets for the electrical engineering course Properties of Materials. These applets help describe concepts related to electron motion in metals and semiconductors. They address ideas which are often difficult for students to visualize and yet important for students to intuitively understand. Simulation applets are "hands-on" and interactive while tutorial applets are "hands-off" and presented in slide show format. We deployed these applets in a class of roughly 140 students. We recorded the students' learning preferences, background characteristics, and opinions about the applets. We then characterized population and usage trends of the students. |
20,864 | Please write an abstract with title: General Purpose Atomic Crosschain Transactions, and key words: Protocols, Conferences, Blockchain, Writing, Programming, Cryptocurrency. Abstract: The General Purpose Atomic Crosschain Transaction (GPACT) protocol allows composable programming across multiple Ethereum blockchains. It allows for inter-contract and inter-blockchain function calls that are both synchronous and atomic: if one part fails, the whole call graph of function calls is rolled back. The protocol operates on existing Ethereum blockchains without modification. It works for both public and consortium blockchains, and is expected to work across heterogeneous blockchains other than Ethereum. The protocol has been analysed in terms of Gas usage and Finalised Block Periods for writing a value from one blockchain to another. |
20,865 | Please write an abstract with title: Classification of Apples using Machine Learning, and key words: Industries, Image recognition, Computational modeling, Support vector machine classification, Machine learning, Manuals, Gray-scale. Abstract: Apple classification is needed in various automation in the agricultural product processing industry. Classification of a small number of apples is very easy for humans to do, but in large numbers, manual work becomes less reliable. This study aims to build a model that can be used for automatic apple classification. The model is built using classification algorithms, namely k-nearest neighbors and support vector machine. A number of images on the apple variant, named envy, fuji, malang, and gala, were used for learning. The images are converted to grayscale and resized to a certain size for computational efficiency. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the model in recognizing the apple image reaches 94.00 % and 94.50% for the k-nearest neighbors and support vector machine, respectively. These results are quite promising for use in various applications related to apple classification. |
20,866 | Please write an abstract with title: Data-Driven Feedforward Hysteresis Compensation with Genetic Algorithm for Atomic Force Microscope, and key words: Actuators, Atomic force microscopy, Shape, Heuristic algorithms, Force, Process control, Surfaces. Abstract: Nonlinear dynamics of piezo actuators such as hysteresis, distort the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images as they adversely affect the accuracy of the nano-positioning setup. To compensate for the effects of hysteresis on lateral scanner actuators of AFM, a data-driven feedforward controller design algorithm is proposed. The pair of forward and backward images of a sample are used to extract a mapping between the trace and retrace motion of the actuator. A model corresponding to the input-output mapping of the actuator is defined with a set of unknown parameters. The values of these parameters, which shape the hysteresis curves of the actuator, are optimized through defining and solving an optimization problem. A genetic algorithm is utilized as a tool to look for the optimal values. The hysteresis mapping model is then implemented in the form of an inversion-based feedforward controller to correct the scan waveforms and get matching forward and backward images of the sample. The proposed sensor-less data-driven method is easy to implement as it does not depend on the instrument, the sample under study, or the imaging properties. |
20,867 | Please write an abstract with title: <100> channel strained-SiGe p-MOSFET with enhanced hole mobility and lower parasitic resistance, and key words: MOSFET circuits, Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, Threshold voltage, Contact resistance, Capacitive sensors, Implants, Capacitance-voltage characteristics, Capacitance, Laboratories. Abstract: Employment of <100> channel direction in a strained-Si/sub 0.8/Ge/sub 0.2/ p-MOSFET has demonstrated the substantial amount of hole mobility enhancement as large as 25% and parasitic resistance reduction of 20% compared to a <110> strained-Si/sub 0.8/Ge/sub 0.2/ Channel p-MOSFET, which already has an advantage in mobility and the threshold voltage roll-off characteristic over the Si p-MOSFET. This result indicates that the <100> strained SiGe channel p-MOSFET is a promising and practical candidate for realizing high-speed CMOS devices under low-voltage operation. |
20,868 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent Algorithms in Home Energy Management Systems: A Survey, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Home appliances, Scheduling, Smart homes, Load management, Sensors. Abstract: The critical role played by Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) in smart grids has opened up more discussions regarding the control of demand-side energy consumption. Intelligent algorithms play a vital role in managing the levels of power consumed by electrical appliances in the household. When energy consumption is efficiently controlled, peak loads are reduced and electrical appliances are switched with respect to their priority levels, thereby keeping the household power consumption rate at a minimal level towards cost saving for residential consumers. In recent years, intelligent systems have become an important aspect of our daily lives, improving our utilization of energy resources and as a result, enhancing our way of living. This paper presents a survey of intelligent algorithms incorporated in various home energy management tools to enhance efficiency in load management. |
20,869 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Direct Torque Control with Battery Power Management of Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive for Electric Vehicles, and key words: Batteries, State of charge, Torque, Induction motors, Switches, Inverters, Drives. Abstract: A dual two-level inverter fed open-end winding induction motor (OEWIM) drive with isolated batteries for electric vehicle application is presented in this paper. For uniform state-of-charge (SOC) distribution, the power flow from each isolated batteries need to be balanced. The conventional direct torque control (DTC) includes torque and stator flux control objectives without taking care of dc-link power management. An improved DTC with proper vector selection based on state of charge of batteries is proposed to regulate the power shared by each dc-link. Proper tuning is essential for controlling the SOC level of both the battery. The superiority of the proposed method in terms of power sharing based on battery SOC is demonstrated by simulation and experimental verification, and the results are presented. An experimental validation of proposed method has been demonstrated and compared with that of the conventional DTC. |
20,870 | Please write an abstract with title: Mine burial by scour: preliminary results from the Gulf of Mexico, and key words: Sediments, Oceanographic techniques, Predictive models, Laboratories, Chirp, Acoustic measurements, Sea measurements, Sonar measurements, Remotely operated vehicles. Abstract: Mine burial experiments were conducted on fine and coarse sandy sediments, in 13 to 15-m water depths, 15 km off Indian Rocks Beach, West-Central Florida. Experimental sites were chosen based on extensive acoustic (side scan, chirp and multibeam) surveys and sediment samples collected by USF. Four acoustic (NRL and OMNI Technologies) and six optical (FWG) cylindrical mines were deployed during January-March 2003. The extensive sediment (USF and NRL) data combined with predictions from NOAA wave buoys operating offshore of Tampa, FL during these experiments is used to predict burial by waveinduced scour (VIMS). Extensive wave and current data collected with bottom mounted tripods is compared to physical oceanographic model predictions. Time-dependent scour measured using the optical and acoustic mines, characterized by sector scan sonar (USF), ROV video (USF), and diver photographs/observations (USF and NRL) is compared to model predictions. |
20,871 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduction of Computitional Costs when Forming a Matrix of Transition Probabilities in a Cognitive Radio System, and key words: Performance evaluation, Costs, Instruments, Probability, Mobile handsets, Filling, Computational efficiency. Abstract: This paper considers computational costs that occur when a cognitive radio system changes channels for a secondary user. The theoretical gain was estimated to find ways to optimize computations, based on knowledge about the conditional state of the cognitive radio system. The analysis of the unnormalized matrix of transition probabilities made it possible to formulate two rules for filling the matrices. The authors studied the structure of the matrix of transition probabilities for three channels and tried to identify the relationship between its elements and symmetry for the matrix dimensions - 24 to 24 elements. The proposed technique allows replacing the calculation of the product of N real numbers with one rewriting of the real number and reduces the multiplication operations. The results of the work can serve as methods for optimizing computational costs in cognitive radio systems or similar systems, this is due to the need to perform computations on devices that do not have enough free resources. |
20,872 | Please write an abstract with title: Battery energy storage systems management in a day-ahead market scenario with transactive energy and private aggregators, and key words: Transactive energy, Photovoltaic systems, Power engineering, Supply and demand, Tariffs, Production, Predictive models. Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for battery energy storage systems (BESS) management considering the concept of transactive energy. Transactive energy is defined as the economic and control technique used for energy management that allows the dynamic balance of supply and demand across the electrical system. In a transactive energy market, the consumer can produce energy and inject it into the grid, becoming a prosumer. Also, it is possible to have the presence of private aggregators. Aggregators have large energy production capacity and can negotiate this energy with the grid. The system is composed by two private aggregators, the consumers, and the distribution system operator (DSO). The aggregators are assigned to supply a specific number of consumers defined in the contractual demand with the DSO, and the DSO is responsible for serving the rest of the system. Both aggregators and the DSO have distributed energy resources (DERs), such as energy storage and/or photovoltaic generation. A neural network based on group method of data handling (GMDH) is used for forecasting the grid demand, energy prices and solar generation for the day-ahead operation. The BESS reserve for the day-ahead is optimized based on prediction model. The methodology is validated in a 33-bus distribution network simulated on software OpenDSS. The curve profiles are taken from real data of the Canadian distribution system. |
20,873 | Please write an abstract with title: Facial expression analysis by generalized eigen-space method based on class-features (GEMC), and key words: Electromagnetic compatibility, Independent component analysis, Scattering, Principal component analysis, Equations, Kernel, Transforms, Information science, Face recognition, Multidimensional systems. Abstract: This paper describes a new method of facial expression recognition based on independent component analysis (ICA) and eigen-space method. We had proposed eigen-space method based on class-features (EMC), and EMC was the outstanding method with classification accuracy superior to multiple discriminant analysis (MDA). Our new method, GEMC, is a generalization of EMC by using ICA technique. GEMC has discriminated the facial expression class in a precision 10 or more points higher than conventional methods (EMC, MDA and ICA) because of classification experiments. |
20,874 | Please write an abstract with title: Artificial Reef Technology A Strategy For Active Impact Mitigation, and key words: Marine animals, Sea measurements, Statistics, Geometry. Abstract: While complying with Federal and State standards aimed at regulating the effluent discharge activities into the marine environment, the discharger may opt to go beyond the stereotype role of an "enforcee" in order to act to improve the environment with which its industrial activity must coexist. Southern California Edison Company's artificial reef research program has stemmed from the updated vision of resource management in which the goal is a net gain in the quality of the environment. This goal is to be achieved by introducing positive impacts to outbalance whatever negative impacts still may or may not accrue from the regulated discharge activities. Immediate benefits expected from this program are: 1. By adding a new habitat, the artificial reef will help enhance the marine environment through increased production of biomass, a compensating factor for using once-through cooling water for coastal power plants and also for siting power plants on the coast in general. 2. By locating the reefs in naturally impoverished areas such as flat, sandy nearshore regions, fish and other marine biota may be attracted to it. Thus, in addition to producing biomass, this technique could be used to possibly better manage existing marine resources. It is proposed that the structural design of an artificial reef module, according to best available information from Japanese reef technology, should apply favorably in Southern California nearshore waters. The reef module is a low-lying pentagon 2.5 m in diameter with water current deflectors, and interior compartments. |
20,875 | Please write an abstract with title: Mitigation of Intercore Crosstalk Impact with PPLN-based Optical Spectrum Inversion, and key words: Q-factor, Multiplexing, C-band, Optical switches, Crosstalk, Optical crosstalk, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: We demonstrate the mitigation of wavelength-dependent intercore crosstalk impact by optical spectrum inversion. PPLN-based optical phase conjugation enabled crosstalk accumulation with a decreased slope in C-band, enabling 8-WDM-QPSK-signal transmission with smaller performance variation among channels. |
20,876 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-sensing Capability of Electromagnetic Harvester Engineered for MR Damper: Experimental Evaluation, and key words: Vibrations, Time-frequency analysis, Switches, Control systems, Shock absorbers, Vibration control, Electromagnetics. Abstract: The study investigates the self-sensing capability of an electromagnetic harvester designed for a commercial MR damper. The objective of the work is to demonstrate that the harvester can also serve as a velocity sensor. For this purpose, the relative velocity of the MR damper shaft (harvester rod) was reconstructed from the electromotive force induced in the harvester coil. To demonstrate the adequacy of the approach, experimental tests were conducted under harmonic input excitations. The experimental data revealed the self-sensing potential of the investigated harvester. This feature seems to be useful in vibration control systems with MR damper and energy regeneration. |
20,877 | Please write an abstract with title: An appearance based approach for human and object tracking, and key words: Humans, Layout, Object detection, Histograms, Head, Video sequences, Cameras, Pixel, Educational institutions, Indoor environments. Abstract: A system for tracking humans and detecting human-object interactions in indoor environments is described. A combination of correlogram and histogram information is used to model object and human color distributions. Humans and objects are detected using a background subtraction algorithm. The models are built on the fly and used to track them on a frame by frame basis. The system is able to detect when people merge into groups and segment them during occlusion. Identities are preserved during the sequence, even if a person enters and leaves the scene. The system is also able to detect when a person deposits or removes an object from the scene. In the first case the models are used to track the object retroactively in time. In the second case the objects are tracked for the rest of the sequence. Experimental results using indoor video sequences are presented. |
20,878 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy control design for perturbed fuzzy time-delay large-scale systems, and key words: Fuzzy control, Fuzzy systems, Large-scale systems, Control systems, Linear matrix inequalities, Riccati equations, State feedback, Sufficient conditions, Electronic mail, Takagi-Sugeno model. Abstract: In this paper, the perturbed continuous-time large-scale system with time-delay is represented by an equivalent Takagi-Sugeno type fuzzy model. The state feedback decentralized fuzzy controller is considered in this paper. Based on Lyapunov criterion and Razumikhin theorem, some sufficient conditions are derived to stabilize the whole perturbed fuzzy time-delay system asymptotically. Moreover, if all the interconnection matrices A/sub ij//sup l/ and time-delays /spl tau//sub ij//sup l/(t) of each subsystem are the same for all rules, we shall propose a simpler and less conservative criterion. These criteria do not need the solution of a Lyapunov equation or Riccati equation. The so-called "matching condition" for the interconnection matrices and perturbations are not needed. |
20,879 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement of surface topography of magnetic recording materials through computer analyzed microscopic interferometry, and key words: Magnetic materials, Surface topography, Magnetic recording, Magnetic analysis, Magnetic force microscopy, Interferometry, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness, Magnetic field measurement, Application software. Abstract: A recently developed surface characterization technique, Computer Analyzed Microscopic Interferometry, is shown to have many applications in the study of magnetic recording surfaces. Three-dimensional and quantitative interferometric images produce very high depth resolution without reducing the field of view. This allows very precise surface roughness and volume measurements. |
20,880 | Please write an abstract with title: Feedthrough power determination in a two-mode waveguide with galvanomagnetic transducers, and key words: Transducers, Electromagnetic waveguides, Power measurement, Magnetic field measurement, Electromagnetic measurements, Voltage, Electromagnetic fields, Microwave measurements, Electric variables measurement, Magnetic sensors. Abstract: Peculiarities of the application of galvanomagnetic transducers for feedthrough power measurement in a two-mode waveguide are considered. There is indicated a necessary amount of transducers as well as their position coordinates and a method of their connection for feedthrough power measurement both as a total electromagnetic field and selectively with respect to wave modes. The results of experimental investigation have been stated. |
20,881 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating Chemical Supply Chain Criticality in the Water Treatment Industry: A Risk Analysis and Mitigation Model, and key words: Analytical models, Supply and demand, Statistical analysis, Supply chains, Transportation, Radar, Risk management. Abstract: The assurance of the operability of surface water treatment facilities lies in many factors, but the factor with the largest impact on said assurance is the availability of the necessary chemicals. Facilities across the country vary in their processes and sources, but all require chemicals to produce potable water. The purpose of this project was to develop a risk assessment tool to determine the shortfalls and risks in the water treatment industry's chemical supply chain, which was used to produce a risk mitigation plan ensuring plant operability. To achieve this, a Fault Tree was built to address four main areas of concern: (i) market supply and demand, (ii) chemical substitutability, (iii) chemical transportation, and (iv) chemical storage process. Expert elicitation was then conducted to formulate a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and develop Radar Charts, regarding the operations and management of specific plants. These tools were then employed to develop a final risk mitigation plan comprising two parts: (i) a quantitative analysis comparing and contrasting the risks of the water treatment plants under study and (ii) a qualitative recommendation for each of the plants-both culminating in a mitigation model on how to control and monitor chemical-related risks. |
20,882 | Please write an abstract with title: Proposal of non-uniform mesh FDTD with uniaxial PML (UPML), and key words: Proposals, Finite difference methods, Time domain analysis, Computational modeling, Lattices, Magnetic materials, H infinity control, Computer interfaces, Magnetic fields, Robustness. Abstract: We propose a new approach to applying the uniaxial PML (UPML) to the non-uniform mesh FDTD method (NUM-FDTD). The proposed algorithm can achieve high performance on absorbing boundary characteristics with less computational resource on the simulation of complicated antennas. Result of the simulation on a microstrip antenna shows that the proposed method can cut down computational resource greatly with the same accuracy. The proposed approach is an extremely efficient method, irrespective of the antenna's shape and other simulation parameters. |
20,883 | Please write an abstract with title: A Model-Driven Deep Unfolding Method for JPEG Artifacts Removal, and key words: Transform coding, Image coding, Task analysis, Convolutional codes, Optimization, Deep learning, Learning systems. Abstract: Deep learning-based methods have achieved notable progress in removing blocking artifacts caused by lossy JPEG compression on images. However, most deep learning-based methods handle this task by designing black-box network architectures to directly learn the relationships between the compressed images and their clean versions. These network architectures are always lack of sufficient interpretability, which limits their further improvements in deblocking performance. To address this issue, in this article, we propose a model-driven deep unfolding method for JPEG artifacts removal, with interpretable network structures. First, we build a maximum posterior (MAP) model for deblocking using convolutional dictionary learning and design an iterative optimization algorithm using proximal operators. Second, we unfold this iterative algorithm into a learnable deep network structure, where each module corresponds to a specific operation of the iterative algorithm. In this way, our network inherits the benefits of both the powerful model ability of data-driven deep learning method and the interpretability of traditional model-driven method. By training the proposed network in an end-to-end manner, all learnable modules can be automatically explored to well characterize the representations of both JPEG artifacts and image content. Experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets show that our method is able to generate competitive or even better deblocking results, compared with state-of-the-art methods both quantitatively and qualitatively. |
20,884 | Please write an abstract with title: The Channel Waveguide (Correspondence), and key words: Rectangular waveguides, Polarization, Signal resolution, Hybrid junctions, Backscatter, Local oscillators, Crystals, Radar detection, Phase detection, Detectors. Abstract: A waveguide propagating the TE/sub 10/ mode can carry more power than the normal rectangular waveguide if it has a symmetrically placed channel in the E-plane as shown in fig. 1. The greater height of the channel in the center of the waveguide will allow a higher voltage to be applied before dielectric breakdown occurs. The TE/sub 10/ cutoff wavelength /spl lambda//sub c/ was investigated using the methods of Iashkin and Cohn to find out if the cutoff wavelength of the channel waveguide was equivalent to that of the rectangular waveguide /spl lambda//sub cr/. |
20,885 | Please write an abstract with title: Artificial Human Balance Control by Calf Muscle Activation Modelling, and key words: Muscles, Biological system modeling, Exoskeletons, Robot kinematics, Perturbation methods. Abstract: The natural neuromuscular model has greatly inspired the development of control mechanisms in addressing the uncertainty challenges in robotic systems. Although the underpinning neural reaction of posture control remains unknown, recent studies suggest that muscle activation driven by the nervous system plays a key role in human postural responses to environmental disturbance. Given that the human calf is mainly formed by two muscles, this paper presents an integrated calf control model with the two comprising components representing the activations of the two calf muscles. The contributions of each component towards the artificial control of the calf are determined by their weights, which are carefully designed to simulate the natural biological calf. The proposed calf modelling has also been applied to robotic ankle exoskeleton control. The proposed work was validated and evaluated by both biological and engineering simulation approaches, and the experimental results revealed that the proposed model successfully performed over 92% of the muscle activation naturally made by human participants, and the actions led by the simulated ankle exoskeleton wearers were overall consistent with that by the natural biological response. |
20,886 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Implementation of Model Predictive Control for Multioutput Resonant Converters, and key words: Transistors, Modulation, Zero voltage switching, Switches, Predictive control, Induction heating, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: Flexible-surface induction cooktops rely on multi-coil structures which are powered by means of advanced resonant power converters that achieve high versatility while maintaining high efficiency and power density. The study of multi-output converters has led to cost-effective and reliable implementations even if they present complex control challenges to provide high performance. For this scenario, model predictive control arises as a modern control technique that is capable of handling multivariable problems while dealing with nonlinearities and constraints. However, these controllers are based on the computationally-demanding solution of an optimization problem, which is a challenge for high-frequency real-time implementations. In this context, deep learning presents a potent solution to approximate the optimal control policy while achieving a time-efficient evaluation, which permits an online implementation. This paper proposes and evaluates a multi-output-resonant-inverter model predictive controller and its implementation on an embedded system by means of a deep neural network. The proposal is experimentally validated by a resonant converter applied to domestic induction heating featuring a two-coil 3.6 kW architecture controlled by means of a FPGA. |
20,887 | Please write an abstract with title: Temporal Information-Guided Generative Adversarial Networks for Stimuli Image Reconstruction From Human Brain Activities, and key words: Visualization, Neuroscience, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Reconstruction algorithms, Generative adversarial networks, Brain modeling, Loss measurement. Abstract: Understanding how the human brain works has attracted increasing attention in both fields of neuroscience and machine learning. Previous studies use autoencoder and generative adversarial networks (GANs) to improve the quality of stimuli image reconstruction from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. However, these methods mainly focus on acquiring relevant features between two different modalities of data, i.e., stimuli images and fMRI, while ignoring the temporal information of fMRI data, thus leading to suboptimal performance. To address this issue, in this article, we propose a temporal information-guided GAN (TIGAN) to reconstruct visual stimuli from human brain activities. Specifically, the proposed method consists of three key components, including: 1) an image encoder for mapping the stimuli images into latent space; 2) a long short-term memory (LSTM) generator for fMRI feature mapping, which is used to capture temporal information in fMRI data; and 3) a discriminator for image reconstruction, which is used to make the reconstructed image more similar to the original image. In addition, to better measure the relationship of two different modalities of data (i.e., fMRI and natural images), we leverage a pairwise ranking loss to rank the stimuli images and fMRI to ensure strongly associated pairs at the top and weakly related ones at the bottom. The experimental results on real-world data sets suggest that the proposed TIGAN achieves better performance in comparison with several state-of-the-art image reconstruction approaches. |
20,888 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of simulation and mean value analysis to a repair facility model for finding optimal staffing levels, and key words: Analytical models, Costs, Telecommunication network reliability, Maintenance, Network-on-a-chip, Application software, Fault diagnosis, Telephony, Personnel, Computational modeling. Abstract: Staffing problems arise in a wide range of applications including job shops, call centres, and hospital emergency departments. They are characterised by the need to allocate shift workers with varying skills to handle an arrival stream of tasks having different sub-task routings and (sub-task) skill requirements. The Manitoba Telecom Service Trouble Diagnosis and Repair System (TDRS) has 3 skill-levels of staff handling multiple types of faults occurring in telephone switching equipment. TDRS is a pure staffing problem having no equipment constraints: the only resource constraint is staff itself. The object of this study is to show how this can be modelled as an open network of queues with feedback and allowing for temporal and fault-class heterogeneity. Analytic mean value analysis then facilitates validation and selecting feasible staffing strategies for closer examination by simulation. The purpose of experiments using simulation is to find effective performance visualisations and "optimal" staffing allocations. |
20,889 | Please write an abstract with title: Virtual Network Function Allocation in Service Function Chains Using Backups With Availability Schedule, and key words: Schedules, Maintenance engineering, Resource management, Heuristic algorithms, Computational modeling, Service function chaining, Virtualization. Abstract: A suitable virtual network function (VNF) placement considering a node availability schedule extends service continuous serviceable time by suppressing service interruptions caused by function reallocation and node unavailabilities. However, function placement cannot avoid service interruptions caused by node unavailabilities. This paper proposes a primary and backup VNF placement model to avoid service interruptions caused by node unavailabilities by using backup functions. The considered backup functions have a period of startup time for preparation before they can be used and the number of them is limited. The proposed model is formulated as an integer linear programming problem to place the primary and backup VNFs based on the availability schedule at continuous time slots. We aim to maximize the minimum number of continuously available time slots in all service function chains (SFCs) over the deterministic availability schedule. We obverse that the proposed model considering the limited number of backup functions outperforms baseline models in terms of the minimum number of longest continuous available time slots in all SFCs. We introduce an algorithm to estimate the number of key unavailabilities at each time slot, which can find the unavailable nodes which are the bottlenecks to increase the service continuous available time at each time slot. |
20,890 | Please write an abstract with title: Prediction of the behavior of a pneumatic soft robot based on Koopman operator theory, and key words: Uncertainty, Service robots, Soft robotics, Pneumatic systems, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Mathematical model, Task analysis. Abstract: Thanks to their flexibility, soft robotic devices offer critical advantages over rigid robots, allowing adaptation to uncertainties in the environment. As such, soft robots enable various intriguing applications, including human-safe interaction devices, soft active rehabilitation devices, and soft grippers for pick-and-place tasks in industrial environments. In most cases, soft robots use pneumatic actuation to inflate the channels in a compliant material to obtain the movement of the structure. However, due to their flexibility and nonlinear behavior, as well as the compressibility of air, controlled movements of the soft robotic structure are difficult to attain. Obtaining physically-based mathematical models, which would enable the development of suitable control approaches for soft robots, constitutes thus a critical challenge in the field. The aim of this work is, therefore, to predict the movement of a pneumatic soft robot by using a data-driven approach based on the Koopman operator framework. The Koopman operator allows simplifying a nonlinear system by“lifting” its dynamics into a higher dimensional space, where its behavior can be accurately approximated by a linear model, thus allowing a significant reduction of the complexity of the design of the resulting controllers. |
20,891 | Please write an abstract with title: The field distribution in the focal plane of a paraboloidal reflector, and key words: Surface waves, Missiles, Electromagnetic diffraction, Electromagnetic scattering, Electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic fields, Distributed computing, Differential equations, Reflection. Abstract: This investigation is aimed at forming a practical idea of the diffraction pattern in the focal plane of a finite axially-symmetric paraboloidal reflector when illuminated by a plane electromagnetic monochromatic wave incident at a small angle to the axis[1, 2]. |
20,892 | Please write an abstract with title: Recognition of Red Light Running Behavior of Electric Bicycles in Monitoring Video, and key words: Analytical models, Target tracking, Target recognition, Roads, Bicycles, Object detection, Streaming media. Abstract: In order to accurately and efficiently identify the behavior of running red light by electric bicycles, this paper proposed an intelligent recognition model combining target detection and tracking, cross-road analysis and red light running decision. This model takes video frame sequence as input, firstly, electric bicycles and traffic lights are detected by YOLO network, and the bicycles are tracked in real time by DeepSort algorithm to get its trajectory. Then, LSTM is used to analysis the trajectory and distinguish whether there is behavior of crossing road. Finally, make decision of illegal behavior by integrating the state of signal light and the behavior of crossing road. In YOLO, MobileNet is introduced to replace the original CSPDarknet53 backbone, which greatly simplifies the network structure and improves detection efficiency. Dropout is introduced into LSTM to improve detection accuracy. Experimental results show that the optimized model achieves balance between accuracy and efficiency, can detect in real time on the experimental data set, and the final accuracy of recognition reach 94.9 %. |
20,893 | Please write an abstract with title: An Hour-Ahead Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Based on LSTM Model, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Temperature distribution, Machine learning algorithms, Clouds, Employment, Production, Predictive models. Abstract: The extensive integration of the large-scale Photovoltaic (PV) plants into the power grid requires the development of new forecasting methods, for the prediction of the PV output with high accuracy. Despite the statistical and the Machine Learning (ML) approaches which have been extensively studied in the literature, the Deep Learning (DL) methods are not yet fully examined. Considering this, the present paper proposes a forecasting model based on the Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm. Except of the solar irradiance, the module’ temperature and the historical PV data, the influence of the clearness index to forecasting process has been also examined. The results indicate that the employment of the clearness index can improve the performance of the forecaster. |
20,894 | Please write an abstract with title: Omni-directional mobile robot with step-climbing capability: "VmaxCarrier2", and key words: Mobile robots, Wheels, Transportation, Pneumatic actuators, Space vehicles, Hospitals, Propulsion, Aerospace engineering, Pneumatic systems, Prototypes. Abstract: This paper discusses "VmaxCarrier2", an omni-directional mobile robot with step-climbing capability, which can be used as a compact, quiet, and durable transportation vehicle in cluttered and cramped environments. We have already developed several kinds of omni-directional mobile robots for situations where it is desirable to be able to move in all directions, such as "VUTON" [S. Hirose and S. Amano, 1993] and "VmaxCarrier" [R. Damoto and S. Hirose, 2002]. To construct an omni-directional mobile robot with a greatly improved capability to climb steps, we developed the Omni-Disc2, a bent pneumatic actuator, and a pneumatic system. These novel components were constructed into a prototype. We show the basic working principle and feature of omni-based on the patent (#2003-326912, #2004-131017) and explain the expected market with business model. |
20,895 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Traditional Stock Market Prediction Algorithms using Covid-19 Analysis, and key words: COVID-19, Vegetation, Market research, Prediction algorithms, Indexes, Stock markets, Regression tree analysis. Abstract: The stock market is an organized body where public companies offer their stocks through initial public offerings and traders buy/sell these stocks so as to obtain profits. It is dynamic and volatile in nature which makes the task of stock market trend prediction a complex problem. In recent times, the COVID-19 pandemic has made this task even harder. With the rising number of COVID-19 cases across the globe, the market has never been more volatile. This has resulted in the poor performance of various traditional trend prediction algorithms because these algorithms do not account for the impact of the pandemic on the stock market trends. The proposed work aims to enhance the stock market prediction ability of various common prediction models by taking into account the factors related to COVID-19. The forecasting techniques analysed are Decision Tree Regressor, Random Forest Regressor and Support Vector Regressor (SVR). Currently the most affected countries by COVID-19 are the United States of America, India and Russia. Therefore we have analysed the prediction performance of various approaches discussed in this paper on S&P 500 Index, Nifty50 Index and RTS Index using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Results obtained showcase that all the techniques used perform better when the COVID-19 features were included. |
20,896 | Please write an abstract with title: High Resistance Grounding (HRG) and Adjustable Speed Drives (ASD), and key words: ASD - adjustable speed drive, harmonics, HRG - high resistance grounded, negative sequence, positive sequence, six pulse rectifier, symmetrical components, zero sequence, positive/negative/zero sequence planes. Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the use of a high resistance grounded (HRG) power system for supplying power to adjustable speed drive (ASD) loads. First, the paper provides a brief discussion on the use HRG on a power system and in particular to understand how the system works in the zero sequence plane. A path is required for the ground fault current to flow and an understanding of the path is better realized with the use of symmetrical components and the use of the zero sequence plane. Next, the paper will present a brief discussion on the use of a standard six-pulse rectifier which is commonly used on small, low and medium voltage drives. Using the basic understanding of the HRG system and the ASD, the flow of ground current from the load side of the ASD to the power system is shown. In particular, the paper will show that the ASD will most likely trip immediately for a ground fault due to the self-overload protection of the ASD whereby the system should continue to run using an HRG power system. |
20,897 | Please write an abstract with title: Classifiability based omnivariate decision trees, and key words: Classification tree analysis, Decision trees, Testing, Shape, Machine vision, Pattern recognition, Laboratories, Computer science, Buildings, Statistical analysis. Abstract: Decision trees represent a simple and powerful method of induction from labeled examples. Univariate decision trees consider the value of a single attribute at each node, leading to the splits that are parallel to the axes. In linear multivariate decision trees, all the attributes are used and the partition at each node is based on a linear discriminate (a hyperplane). Nonlinear multivariate decision trees are able to divide the input space arbitrarily based on higher order parameterizations of the discriminate, though one should be aware of the increase of the complexity and the decrease in the number of examples available as moves further down the tree. In omnivariate decision trees, the decision node may be univariate, linear, or nonlinear. Such architecture frees the designer from choosing the appropriate tree type for a given problem. In this paper, we propose to do the model selection at each decision node based on a novel classifiability measure when building omnivariate decision trees. The classifiability measure captures the possible sources of misclassification with relative ease and is able to accurately reflect the complexity of subproblems at each node. The proposed approach does not require the time consuming statistic tests at each node and therefore does not suffer from as high computational burden as typical model selection algorithm. Our simulation results over several data sets indicate that our approach can achieve at least as good classification accuracy as statistical tests based model select algorithms, but in much faster speed. |
20,898 | Please write an abstract with title: Topological guidance in novel photonic crystal fibers, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Photonic band gap, Photonic crystal fibers, Lattices, Optical fiber theory, Optical fiber communication, Metamaterials. Abstract: We discuss the recently proposed hybrid topological-photonic guidance of light that translates concepts from the field of topological matter to that of photonic crystal fiber arrays. We focus our attention on S-polarized obliquely propagating electromagnetic waves guided by square lattice topological systems along an array of infinitely conducting fibers. The theory utilises perfectly periodic arrays that, in frequency space, have gapped Dirac cones producing band gaps demarcated by pronounced valleys locally imbued with a nonzero local topological quantity. These broken symmetry-induced stop-bands allow for localised guidance of electromagnetic edge-waves along the crystal fiber axis. Finite element simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed designs for localising energy in finite arrays in a robust manner. Potential applications of our results reside in the generation of topological photonic and phononic crystal fibers for long-haul communications. |
20,899 | Please write an abstract with title: All GFEC Dual Mode Quasi Elliptic Multiplexers for Satellite Transponders, and key words: Multiplexing, Satellites, Transponders, Resonance, Band pass filters, Rectangular waveguides, Resonator filters, Cutoff frequency, Passband, Inspection. Abstract: This paper describes lightweight GFEC 4 GHz multiplexer, consisting of dual mode quasi elIiptic fiIters mounted on a waveguide manifold. These filters are for use in communications satelIites to meet the high performance requirements with state-of-the-art technology. Experimental results of a typical channel are given, and spurious performance of these filters is discussed. Thermal results of the filters indicate an average frequency shift of about 0.5 MHz over 50/spl deg/C. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.