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Please write an abstract with title: Transient plasma ignition of quiescent and flowing fuel mixtures, and key words: Ignition, Fuels, Atmospheric-pressure plasmas, Plasma applications, Engines, Electrons, Delay effects, Costs, Sparks, Pulse generation. Abstract: Summary form only given. Transient plasmas which exist during the formative phase of a pulse-ignited atmospheric pressure plasma were studied for application to ignition of quiescent fuel-air mixtures including methane, ethane, propane, butane and octane as a function of equivalence ratio and other factors, and flowing ethane-air mixtures in a pulse detonation engine (PDE). The transient plasma was primarily comprised of streamers which exist during approximately 50 nanoseconds prior to the formation of a equilibrated electron energy distribution. Results of significant reduction in delay to ignition and ignition rise time were obtained with energy costs roughly comparable to traditional spark ignition methods (<100 to few hundred mJ). Observations of reduction in delay to ignition by factors of typically 3 (in quiescent mixes) to >4 (in a flowing PDE, 0.35 kg/sec), and other enhancements in performance were obtained. These results, along with a discussion of a pseudospark-based pulse generator that was developed for these applications, are presented.
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Please write an abstract with title: An Engineering Process Framework for Cybersecurity Incident Response Assessment, and key words: Systematics, NIST, Iterative methods, Cyberattack. Abstract: Recent incidents and continuous cyber attacks highlight that most currently adopted cybersecurity solutions and processes remain highly reactive, with short-lived remedies. The critical need for more proactive and mature response processes has never been more critical. We look at engineering and borrow concepts from mature systematic processes such as the engineering design process to develop a new framework for activer cyber incident response processes. Currently, cybersecurity incident response structure and processes are outlined in multiple frameworks including the MITRE ATT&CK framework, NIST's Cybersecurity framework, and the traditional incident response (IR) lifecycle. Using a blend of those frameworks and the concepts from the engineering design process we propose O2I that is more adept to a more proactive and sustainable security response. With proper implementation, O2I's iterative processes could provide a sustainable and adaptable approach to assess and improve cyber security response processes. To validate the benefits and feasibility of the proposed framework, we utilize it to evaluate recent attacks using publicly available information.
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Please write an abstract with title: MEABRS: A Multi-objective Evolutionary Framework for Software Bug Report Summarization, and key words: Gold, Conferences, Computer bugs, Evolutionary computation, Benchmark testing, Linear programming, Software. Abstract: Software developers frequently use existing bug text reports to help them in understanding the different aspects of the specific defects and changes made to resolve that bug. But, bug reports are usually lengthy in nature and require considerable effort in understanding. In this direction, summarization of bug reports seems to be useful, covering relevant and diversified information. In the current article, we investigate the use of Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MEA) for BRS and thus, we name our approach as MEABRS. For MEA, we utilize the search capability of multi-objective bi-nary differential evolution (MOBDE) where we simultaneously optimize different aspects of BRS including diversity among sentences, sentence relevance using term weighting scheme, and length of the sentence. A keyword-based objective function is also incorporated in our optimization process to improve the quality of a bug report’s summary and in order to do so, rapid automatic keyword extraction (RAKE) toolkit is utilized. The generated summaries are evaluated with the available gold summaries corresponding to the two benchmark datasets (ADS and SDS) in terms of precision, recall, F-measure, and ROUGE measure. Results obtained demonstrate the efficacy of MEABRS with an average improvement (over both datasets) of 4.5% in terms of F1-Measure. Further, results are also validated using a statistical significance t-test.
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Please write an abstract with title: Vacuum electrical breakdown characteristics and surface condition of Ti electrodes with oxidation conditions, and key words: Vacuum breakdown, Electric breakdown, Electrodes, Oxidation, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness, Surface treatment, Breakdown voltage, Surface contamination, Electric variables measurement. Abstract: Outgassing from an electrode surface is regarded as a major factor leading to electrical breakdowns in vacuum. Recently oxidation treatment at 200/spl deg/C was reported as an effective means of reducing Ti outgassing. In this paper, we report our measurement and comparison of the electrical breakdown characteristics of Ti electrodes with different oxidation conditions (without oxidation, oxidation at 200/spl deg/C, oxidation at 450/spl deg/C). In addition, we analyzed electrode surfaces before and after breakdown experiments in situ with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Before oxidation, we machined the electrode's surfaces to the roughness of 0.8 /spl mu/m Rmax with diamond turning. Breakdown experiments demonstrated that the breakdown field is highest at the first application of voltage to electrodes with oxidized at 200/spl deg/C. Before breakdown experiment, surface analysis revealed that all the sample electrodes had a large amount of carbon originating from the hydrocarbons of contaminants, and after the experiments, they revealed that the carbons had disappeared. To obtain breakdown characteristics of electrodes with smoother surfaces, we conducted experiments on electrodes with a surface roughness of 0.05 /spl mu/m Ra. For these electrodes, the breakdown field was higher at first breakdown; the repetitions required to achieve saturated breakdown fields were significantly fewer, and the amount of carbon on electrode surfaces before breakdown was less.
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Please write an abstract with title: Charge density limits in polymer film electrets, and key words: Polymer films, Electrets, Electrodes, Corona, Semiconductor films, Surface charging, Dielectric materials, Probes, Density measurement, Current measurement. Abstract: Corona charging process is widely used to produce the electret state in materials that include polymers. Polymer films may be charged in air by sweeping the surface with a linear array of corona triode electrodes. We report the development of a constant current total area charging system and our production of electrets on polymers films of ETFE (Ethylenetetrafluoroethylene), PFA (Tetrafluoropropylene-per-fluoromethoxethylene) and FEP (Tetrafluoroethylene-hexa-fluoropropylene). The corona charging and charge reading experimental setups are described. We have also produced electrets in these materials with MeV ion beams and consider for the first time important phenomena that occur in the high fields that are produced near surface of charged films especially near the rear surface that may be close to a ground plane.
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Please write an abstract with title: Robust Control of an Induction Motor with Speed and Flux Estimator based on synergetic approach, and key words: Robust control, Performance evaluation, Mechanical sensors, Induction motor drives, Uncertainty, Rotors, Estimation. Abstract: This paper, describes a novel control strategy in variable speed drives for Induction Motor (IM) that aims to improve the Direct Rotor Field-oriented control (DFOC, which is well known to be sensitive to internal and external uncertainties. The control principle is based on Synergetic Control (SC) where SC contributes to the robustness and good dynamics of induction motor drives. To obtain precise velocity estimation and remove all mechanical sensors and to estimate the rotor flux, the method (SC) has been used. The proposed method is verified by simulation
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Please write an abstract with title: An Empirical Study of Career Planning for University Students based on SPSS Statistical Analysis, and key words: Correlation, Engineering profession, Statistical analysis, Software algorithms, Clustering algorithms, Software, Planning. Abstract: Career planning is crucial in helping students to improve their career awareness and employability. This study conducted a quantitative study with 433 questionnaires (M=208, F=225, Mage=21.6) on the situations of university students' career planning. Correlation analysis, difference analysis and cluster analysis (K-means algorithm and Pam algorithm) were used with SPSS statistics software to understand their status in four indicators–self-understanding., status assessment., career exploration and decision action.
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing Convolutional Neural Networks to Identify Distorted M-ary CPFSK Signals with RRC Pulse Shaped Instantaneous Frequency, and key words: Measurement, Training, Supervised learning, Neurons, Distortion, Nonhomogeneous media, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: We study the optimization of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that provides higher classification accuracy with low computation time for a complex valued data generated using continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK). Major aim is to examine supervised learning approach for data generated with the joint presence of additive white gaussian noise (AWGN), central frequency offset (CFO), correlated fast fading channel conditions, and asynchronousity (AT). Several hyperparameters of the CNN are optimized using cross-validation and early stop techniques for reduced computational complexity and improved accuracy metrics. Performance of the CNN is analyzed for different configurations, channel distortions and root raised cosine (RRC) instantaneous frequency pulse shaping parameters. Also, performance of CNN is compared with stacked autoencoder (SAE) and multilayer neural network (MLNN) based classifiers for the same set of signals.
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and Optimization of an Assistive Cane With Visual Odometry for Blind People to Detect Obstacles With Hollow Section, and key words: Collision avoidance, Cameras, Visualization, Indoor navigation, Blindness, Visual odometry, Optimization. Abstract: Existing obstacle avoidance systems do not consider the situation of hollowed-out obstacles. Therefore, in this paper, we design an assistive cane with visual odometry based on these requirements of the blind to aid them in attaining safe indoor navigation. The proposed device is portable, compact and adaptable. The assistive cane with visual odometry can be used not only to directly detect obstacles, but also to draw the attention of people around, providing multiple protection for the blind. In order to optimize the device parameters, we select the height of the camera and the speed of the voice broadcast as factors to design a complete factorial design, aiming to explore the parameter level that can make the passing time shortest and the success rate of obstacle avoidance highest. We invited two visually impaired people and two blindfolded students with normal vision as the experimental subjects. Each subject was required to conduct the experiments under nine combinations of device parameters. The subjects tried to avoid obstacles according to the voice prompts. The passing time and the success rate of obstacle avoidance were recorded. The experimental results show that the broadcast speed causes the significant effect to the success rate and both the two factors affect the passing time. In addition, we discuss the results of different subjects’ response surfaces and perceptual patterns and get the conclusion that different visual perceptual patterns, namely route representation and two different survey representations, have a certain impact on the setting of the optimal parameter level and the optimal passing time. The congenitally blind subject with route representation has the shortest optimal passing time in an unfamiliar environment, and the camera height should be set at the center of the hollowed-out obstacle, while the results are somewhat different for the acquired visual impairment subjects and the blindfolded normal vision subjects with survey representation. The camera height should be set between the center and the upper position of the obstacle. In summary, the camera height should be set at the center of the hollowed-out barrier and the broadcast speed should be set at the highest level. At the same time, the device parameters should be adjusted appropriately according to the visual perception pattern of users. Further researches are needed to analyze the perceptual patterns in depth.
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Please write an abstract with title: Internet of Things: On the Opportunities, Applications and Open Challenges in Saudi Arabia, and key words: Internet of Things, Medical services, Sensors, Machine-to-machine communications, Security, 5G mobile communication. Abstract: The role of the Internet has significantly changed due to the development in communication technologies. Nowadays, billions of people and physical devices are connected via Internet. In near future, storage and computational services will be more pervasive and distributed. Even in recent times, we can see that people, machines, objects, and platforms are connected with wireless or wired sensors. Considering such an internet setting with billions of connected devices, in this paper, we present a study on the background, state-of-the-art, growth, key players, applications, challenges, and future opportunities in the area of Internet of Things (IoT). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's IoT and M2M (Machine to Machine) communication market is estimated to grow to $16.01 billion by 2019 from $4.88 billion in 2014[26]. We also discuss general aspects and issues of IoT and explore the implication of all these in a developing country's setting taking the case of Saudi Arabia.
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Please write an abstract with title: Deep Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks Ensemble for Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Aircraft Engine, and key words: Predictive models, Feature extraction, Recurrent neural networks, Data models, Prognostics and health management, Degradation, Data mining. Abstract: Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of aircraft engine (AE) is of great importance to improve its reliability and availability, and reduce its maintenance costs. This article proposes a novel deep bidirectional recurrent neural networks (DBRNNs) ensemble method for the RUL prediction of the AEs. In this method, several kinds of DBRNNs with different neuron structures are built to extract hidden features from sensory data. A new customized loss function is designed to evaluate the performance of the DBRNNs, and a series of the RUL values is obtained. Then, these RUL values are reencapsulated into a predicted RUL domain. By updating the weights of elements in the domain, multiple regression decision tree (RDT) models are trained iteratively. These models integrate the predicted results of different DBRNNs to realize the final RUL prognostics with high accuracy. The proposed method is validated by using C-MAPSS datasets from NASA. The experimental results show that the proposed method has achieved more superior performance compared with other existing methods.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Stochastic Conditioning Scheme for Diverse Human Motion Prediction, and key words: Perturbation methods, Stochastic processes, Decoding, Training, Predictive models, Task analysis, Diversity reception. Abstract: Human motion prediction, the task of predicting future 3D human poses given a sequence of observed ones, has been mostly treated as a deterministic problem. However, human motion is a stochastic process: Given an observed sequence of poses, multiple future motions are plausible. Existing approaches to modeling this stochasticity typically combine a random noise vector with information about the previous poses. This combination, however, is done in a deterministic manner, which gives the network the flexibility to learn to ignore the random noise. Alternatively, in this paper, we propose to stochastically combine the root of variations with previous pose information, so as to force the model to take the noise into account. We exploit this idea for motion prediction by incorporating it into a recurrent encoder-decoder network with a conditional variational autoencoder block that learns to exploit the perturbations. Our experiments on two large-scale motion prediction datasets demonstrate that our model yields high-quality pose sequences that are much more diverse than those from state-of-the-art stochastic motion prediction techniques.
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Please write an abstract with title: An investigation of inter-domain control aggregation procedures, and key words: Scalability, Aggregates, Proposals, Protocols, Quality of service, Bandwidth, Control systems, Intserv networks, Diffserv networks, Internet. Abstract: Current quality of service models such as those embodied in the differentiated services proposal, rely on data path aggregation to achieve scalability. Data path aggregation bundles into a single aggregate multiple flows with the same quality requirements, hence decreasing the amount of state to be kept. A similar scalability concern exists on the control path, where the state required to account for individual reservations needs to be minimized. There have been several proposals aimed at control path aggregation, and the goal of the paper is to expand on these works in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the various parameters that influence the efficiency of different approaches. In particular, we focus on inter-domain control aggregation, and compare an autonomous system (AS) sink-tree based approach with two examples of a shared AS segment based approach, in terms of the amount of state kept, both per AS and per edge router Our main contributions are in providing a greater understanding into the design of efficient control path aggregation methods.
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Please write an abstract with title: Host-star and exoplanet compositions: a pilot study using a wide binary with a polluted white dwarf, and key words: techniques: spectroscopic, planets and satellites: composition, planets and satellites: formation, planets and satellites: interiors, stars: abundances, planetary systems. Abstract: Planets and stars ultimately form out of the collapse of the same cloud of gas. Whilst planets, and planetary bodies, readily loose volatiles, a common hypothesis is that they retain the same refractory composition as their host star. This is true within the Solar system. The refractory composition of chondritic meteorites, Earth, and other rocky planetary bodies are consistent with solar, within the observational errors. This work aims to investigate whether this hypothesis holds for exoplanetary systems. If true, the internal structure of observed rocky exoplanets can be better constrained using their host star abundances. In this paper, we analyse the abundances of the K-dwarf, G200-40, and compare them to its polluted white dwarf companion, WD 1425+540. The white dwarf has accreted planetary material, most probably a Kuiper belt-like object, from an outer planetary system surviving the star's evolution to the white dwarf phase. Given that binary pairs are chemically homogeneous, we use the binary companion, G200-40, as a proxy for the composition of the progenitor to WD 1425+540. We show that the elemental abundances of the companion star and the planetary material accreted by WD 1425+540 are consistent with the hypothesis that planet and host-stars have the same true abundances, taking into account the observational errors.
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Please write an abstract with title: On the linear profile of indices for the prediction of saddle-node and limit-induced bifurcation points in power systems, and key words: Bifurcation, Power systems, Power system analysis computing, Limit-cycles, Power system modeling, Power system stability, Differential equations, Mathematics, Power system economics, Power system dynamics. Abstract: This brief analyzes the linear profiles presented by certain classes of bifurcation indices with respect to the variation of the loading parameter in power systems. The bifurcation indices discussed here are used in practice to predict proximity to saddle-node and some types of limit-induced bifurcations, given their special profiles. Thus, the linearity of these indices is studied with the help of a simple generic test system. Local analyses and observations are also presented and discussed for realistic power-system models.
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Please write an abstract with title: CO<inf>2</inf> — FIR Lasers with Common Resonator, and key words: Finite impulse response filters, Laser excitation, Electron tubes, Laser beams, Pump lasers, Mirrors, Power lasers. Abstract: Throughout the last years much progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in coherently pumped FIR gas lasers. Diffusion of molecules to the tube walls have been found to be a dominant process for the relaxation to the ground state /1/. Unfortunately, this restricts the operating gas pressure as is evident from experiments and theoretical analysis, as well /1,2/. Since low gas pressures imply a low pump absorption coefficient and saturation parameter, saturation of the absorption transition occurs for relatively small values of pump irradiance. This in turn makes it difficult to achieve a high pump efficiency, i. e., to get most of the pump radiation absorbed in the FIR gas.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Survey on Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Neural Network (DCGAN) for Detection of Covid-19 using Chest X-ray/CT-Scan, and key words: Gallium nitride, Generative adversarial networks, COVID-19, X-ray imaging, Generators, Training, Neural networks. Abstract: Artificial Neural Network is a domain where an abundant amount of data is needed to train the neural network model to predict the output precisely. But in a real scenario, there are many application areas like astronomy, clinical dataset, rare species identification, financial datasets, and satellite images where data are scarce the network is unable to predict unusual classes of events. The environment in which we live is uncertain, unpredictable and in the future, we may face more challenges. To overcome this, we have the most predominant image and video analysis technique called Generative Adversarial Neural Network (GAN) which is very useful for any sparse datasets especially in pandemic situations like COVID-19 and also for any future events for which we don't have enough datasets to train the model. This paper aims to overview the details about the systems recently developed to diagnose novel COVID-19 with the help of X-ray and CT-scan images collected from different infected persons using one of the most important branches of Deep learning technique known as DCGAN(Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Neural Network) for detecting various new emerging diseases in the medical field for which dataset is very less and DCGAN acts as an efficient tool for generating synthetic data as there is scarcity in the availability of data for diagnosing coronavirus. It also describes the datasets taken from various publicly available sources so that a large number of image datasets can be trained and tested in various state-of-art deep network architectures to check the performance and efficiency of each model in terms of accuracy, complexity, and time of execution. These results help radiologists to quickly identify the disease without any further delay in spreading and infecting others.
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Please write an abstract with title: Science Capsule: Towards Sharing and Reproducibility of Scientific Workflows, and key words: Data analysis, Instruments, Ecosystems, Real-time systems, Reproducibility of results, Heterogeneous networks, Sensors. Abstract: Workflows are increasingly processing large volumes of data from scientific instruments, experiments and sensors. These workflows often consist of complex data processing and analysis steps that might include a diverse ecosystem of tools and also often involve human-in-the-loop steps. Sharing and reproducing these workflows with collaborators and the larger community is critical but hard to do without the entire context of the workflow including user notes and execution environment. In this paper, we describe Science Capsule, which is a framework to capture, share, and reproduce scientific workflows. Science Capsule captures, manages and represents both computational and human elements of a workflow. It automatically captures and processes events associated with the execution and data life cycle of workflows, and lets users add other types and forms of scientific artifacts. Science Capsule also allows users to create 'workflow snapshots' that keep track of the different versions of a workflow and their lineage, allowing scientists to incrementally share and extend workflows between users. Our results show that Science Capsule is capable of processing and organizing events in near real-time for high-throughput experimental and data analysis workflows without incurring any significant performance overheads.
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Please write an abstract with title: Capacity and Limits of Multimodal Remote Sensing: Theoretical Aspects and Automatic Information Theory-Based Image Selection, and key words: Remote sensing, Information retrieval, Data analysis, Estimation, Analytical models, Reliability theory. Abstract: Although multimodal remote sensing data analysis can strongly improve the characterization of physical phenomena on Earth's surface, nonidealities and estimation imperfections between records and investigation models can limit its actual information extraction ability. In this article, we aim at predicting the maximum information extraction that can be reached when analyzing a given data set. By means of an asymptotic information theory-based approach, we investigate the reliability and accuracy that can be achieved under optimal conditions for multimodal analysis as a function of data statistics and parameters that characterize the multimodal scenario to be addressed. Our approach leads to the definition of two indices that can be easily computed before the actual processing takes place. Moreover, we report in this article how they can be used for operational use in terms of image selection in order to maximize the robustness of the multimodal analysis, as well as to properly design data collection campaigns for understanding and quantifying physical phenomena. Experimental results show the consistency of our approach.
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2,219
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Please write an abstract with title: cMUT echographic probes: design and fabrication process, and key words: Probes, Process design, Fabrication, Phased arrays, Piezoelectric transducers, Silicon, Ultrasonic transducers, Bandwidth, Electrostatics, Microelectronics. Abstract: The electrostatic capacitive, silicon micro fabricated, ultrasonic transducer (cMUT), approached in the last years, is a new promising alternative to the piezoelectric transducer for echographic probes. The cMUT transducer inherently has a larger bandwidth for immersion application and, because it takes advantage of the well established microelectronic technology it is, potentially, less expensive and gives much more flexibility in the design of complex 1D and 2D arrays than piezoelectric transducers. In perspective, a further advantage of the cMUT is the possibility to be integrated with the front-end electronics on the same silicon wafer. In this paper the design and the fabrication process of a 64-elements cMUT probe is described. We are fabricating an array with a pitch of 0.245 mm, kerf 27 Am, elevation 14 mm, glued on a commercial backing and soldered using a typical connection-comb to permit the electrical connection to the printing circuits, as used in commercial probes. With the addition of the biasing voltage, the probe is ready to be connected to a commercial echographic system, like Technos/spl reg/ (ESAOTE). Due to the inherently large bandwidth, the probe can be used as a linear array at about 7 MHz, and as a phased array at about MHZ..
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Please write an abstract with title: Information flow model of integrated security system, and key words: Information security, Communication system security, Communication channels, Delay, Telephony, Protocols, Protection, Wire, Reliability engineering, Information theory. Abstract: The goal of this paper is to study the effectivity and reliability of signal transferring by security systems via communication channels, as well as to define the main criteria of the available communication channels affecting the total response time of security systems. This paper mainly models and empirically solves the following tasks: application of information theory on streams in telecommunication systems to integrated security systems and calculations of system losses. With respect to the fundamentals of massive service systems, a model is imitated for the security systems. Using this model, experiments on the reliability and effectiveness of security systems are performed, so as to find more effective and reliable operating algorithms for security systems
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2,221
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Please write an abstract with title: Multilayered antenna design for smart city applications, and key words: Antenna, communication, Gain, Bandwidth, Security, Smart City. Abstract: The key design issues of antenna for wireless communication applications are wide bandwidth, high gain and directivity. In order to cater the above needs of wireless communication system the electro geometrical modeling of antennas is highly necessary. In this paper, design and simulation of Multi-layered patch antenna with different substrates for wireless applications are discussed and various parameters have been analyzed using CST Microwave Studio 2019 and simulated results are tabulated. The proposed antenna had five layers with operating frequency at 2.45 GHz and this antenna can be used for transmitting data in drones for security and patrolling connected to a control base station, which can be achieved by integrating the drones with real time image processing for detection of objects.
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Please write an abstract with title: Advanced indexing and retrieval in present-day content management systems, and key words: Content based retrieval, Content management, Digital audio broadcasting, Machine assisted indexing, Electrical capacitance tomography, Read only memory, Environmental management, Costs, Production systems, User interfaces. Abstract: A content management system in the broadcast domain comprises a system that provides functionality for long-term preservation of continuous digital media, as well as for annotation, retrieval, and re-use of the content. In order to enrich the annotation without increasing the human workloads a system should generate as much metadata as possible automatically. In this paper, the ongoing work of integrating new automatic indexing and retrieval systems into a content management system is presented. The integration efforts described here are part of some European-funded projects with partners from industry, broadcast organizations, and research institutes.
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Please write an abstract with title: Ultralow-Power Sensing Framework for Internet of Things: A Smart Gas Meter as a Case, and key words: Meters, Internet of Things, Power demand, Low-power electronics, Servers, Reliability, Costs. Abstract: Gas serves as one of the most indispensable energy sources for industrial production and household life. In order to improve the gas utilization efficiency, smart gas meters for the Internet of Things (IoT) has been designed to achieve two-way communication and remote control functions. However, the existing smart gas meter does not consider further reduction of power consumption. Thus, we designed an ultralow-power sensing framework for IoT and applied it to the smart gas meter. Based on a thorough analysis of the metering system, we propose an ultralow power system framework and a low-power peripheral management solution to reach ultralow power consumption. Also, we propose a cooperative sensing scheme to achieve stability and accuracy of gas volume detection. Finally, we implement a real smart gas manage system to evaluate our low-power smart gas meter solution. Verified by a comparative test, the proposed gas meter successfully reduces the power consumption by at least 37% compared to the baseline. The experimental results verify the innovative design and confirm that the proposed gas meter features ultralow power consumption, high precision, and high reliability.
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Please write an abstract with title: Integration of an IIoT Platform with A Deep Learning Based Computer Vision System for Seedling Quality Control Automation, and key words: Deep learning, Computer vision, Protocols, Software architecture, Service robots, Quality control, Servers. Abstract: In the present work, the development of a Deep Learning (DL) based computer vision system to automate the artichoke seedling quality control is described, as well as its integration into an IIoT and robotic platforms to perform the transplanting procedure according to the results of the computer vision system. First, the software architecture was designed by taking local and cloud servers, communication protocols, and the logic of operation into account. Second, the computer vision system and the local and cloud version of a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) were developed. Third, both the computer vision and the IIoT platform are integrated intro a Cartesian robot designed to handle seedlings arranged in plug trays. Finally, the results obtained in each phase are shown, highlighting the correlation of our proposed integrated system with the quality control classification standard of an industrial nursery of the region.
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2,225
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Please write an abstract with title: 32 x 40-Gb/s dense WDM transmission over 3000 km using "double-hybrid" fiber configuration, and key words: Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical fiber communication, Optical fibers, Optical fiber dispersion, Channel spacing, Signal design, Underwater vehicles, National electric code, Degradation, Fiber nonlinear optics. Abstract: This paper reports long-distance transmission experiments of 100-GHz-spaced 32 /spl times/ 40 Gb/s dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) signals, designed for submarine applications. A transmission distance of 3000 km was obtained with more than 11.9-dB Q value. Keys to the achievement are the use of a novel "double-hybrid" fiber configuration and a nonlinear tolerant carrier-suppressed return-to-zero signal format for effectively suppressing the self-phase-modulation group-velocity-induced waveform degradation. The advantage of this double-hybrid fiber configuration is also confirmed by a transmission performance comparison with a "quadruple-hybrid" fiber configuration using 40-Gb/s-based DWDM signals.
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Please write an abstract with title: Internet accessibility: beyond disability, and key words: Internet, Guidelines, Testing, Web pages, Usability, Contracts, Costs, Web page design, Uniform resource locators, Handheld computers. Abstract: The Web accessibility movement originated in the activities of people with disabilities and their advocates. Most specifically, blind people led the way to opening the benefits of the Internet to disabled citizens. In the United States, the effort to achieve this goal gained momentum when Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act came into effect in 2001. Section 508 requires all federal government purchases of electronic and information technology products to meet accessibility standards. Today, the Internet is largely accessible to blind computer users, providing access to research materials, online shopping for nearly every imaginable product, a variety of entertainment options, career and professional sites, and other resources too. Accessibility guidelines offer a baseline for interoperability that goes beyond the needs of disabled people.
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2,227
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of experiments on an EMC test chip for the interrogation of SI and EMC measures, and key words: Electromagnetic compatibility, Testing, Semiconductor device measurement, Electrical resistance measurement, CMOS technology, Manufacturing, Silicon, Foundries, Guidelines, Power measurement. Abstract: Many IC design houses, manufacturers and silicon foundries give SI and EMC rules and guidelines but the possible interaction between the various measures is mostly unknown. An EMC test-chip has been developed with the aim to evaluate the presently known EMC design rules and to investigate some new measures like power grid adjustments and dampening resistances between peripheral supply and substrate. Instead of carrying out an experiment permuting one factor at a time (OFAT) a multi-parameter analysis technique, using design-of-experiments (DOE) was created with ultimately positive results. The experiment has been carried out with 8 core and 5 peripheral parameter settings considering 7 responses: means 7(3/sup 8/+3/sup 5/)=47628 relations. This first EMC test-chip has been designed in C075 (CMOS035) technology, as with the start of this project the proper RF device modelling was available. The evaluation results of the EMC test-chip are included in the on-chip EMC design rules for C075 and newer process technologies.
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Please write an abstract with title: On Anticipated Lightning Ventricular Fibrillation Current for Selected African Game Species, and key words: Fibrillation, Animals, Lightning protection, Games, Safety, Security, Quadrupedal robots. Abstract: The protection of certain game species against lightning in the African and particularly, South African context, is important also from a conservation perspective. With little to no information published on lightning impulse current threat levels to quadrupeds, estimated threat levels are important to the engineer designing the protection system for these animals. Based on earlier published literature and studies related to safety of electric security fences and tasers, anticipated lightning ventricular fibrillation current for selected African game species was derived and discussed. The latter allows for the design engineer to introduce a safety margin and to design the required external lightning protection system.
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2,229
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Please write an abstract with title: Data Filtering Method for the Optimization of Mobile Positioning Based on Deep Learning, and key words: Filtering, Global Positioning System, Wireless fidelity, Servers, Biological neural networks, Neurons, Artificial neural networks. Abstract: In this paper, a data filtering method is proposed to filter out the interference of mobile network signals and location errors from global positioning system in training data for the improvement of mobile positioning. Furthermore, a mobile positioning based on deep learning is proposed to analyze the received signal strength indications (RSSIs) from cellular networks and Wi-Fi networks for determining the location of mobile station. In practical experimental environments, a case study of Fujian University of Technology is selected to evaluate the proposed methods. This study collected 3655 records which include 77 different base stations, and 1947 different Wi-Fi access points. The experimental results showed that the average location errors of the proposed method was 4.32m.
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2,230
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Please write an abstract with title: Novel Deep Learning-Based Technique for Sentinel-1 Ocean SAR Vignettes Classification, and key words: Deep learning, Atmospheric modeling, Oceans, Neural networks, Speckle, Apertures, Radar polarimetry. Abstract: Ocean SAR scenes classification is a challenging task under the SAR image classification domain. The main problem is the wrong classification of similar SAR images, primarily due to speckle presence. This study proposes a deep learning model developed from scratch to automatically classify oceanic and atmospheric phenomena from Sentinel-1 SAR wave mode (WV) vignettes. The proposed preprocessing technique reduces the speckle and can improve the minor features for discriminating the SAR images. We have experimented using a publicly available hand-curated dataset that describes ten ordinarily occurring atmospheric or oceanic processes. The experimental results indicate that our proposed deep learning model with preprocessing technique has good classification performance.
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Please write an abstract with title: Prediction-based advanced resource reservation in mobile environments, and key words: Quality of service, Access protocols, Wireless application protocol, Delay, Electronic mail, Intserv networks, Robustness, Wireless networks, Transport protocols, Mobile agents. Abstract: This paper describes a novel approach for an advanced reservation protocol, MQoS-NSLP, to provide seamless real-time services to mobile users in wireless integrated services networks. The robustness of the proposed work is the result of a two-fold contribution. The first is the utilization of knowledge about user preferences, goals, and analyzed spatial conceptual maps to predict the user's future location. The second contribution is a predictive advanced resources reservation protocol suitable for mobile environments. The protocol extends the original QoS-NSLP messages with new mobility specifications
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Please write an abstract with title: Dark superposition states between ultra-cold atoms and molecules generated by photoassociation, and key words: Stationary state, Atomic measurements, Laser excitation, Physics, Optical scattering, Resonance, Optical coupling, Temperature, Atom optics, Educational institutions. Abstract: Autler-Townes spectroscopy is performed to investigate the coherence properties between ultra-cold atoms and sodium-dimers generated by photoassociation. Ultra-cold molecules have recently generated new interest due to the accomplishment of Bose-Einstein-condensation (BEC) of molecules and offer a variety of new approaches for a better understanding of atomic and molecular physics, precision measurements and fundamental research.
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Please write an abstract with title: An Introduction to High Data Rate Current-Steering Nyquist DACs: Fasten your seat belts, and key words: Communication systems, Data processing, Nonlinear distortion, Calibration, Digital-analog conversion, Impedance, MOS circuits, Tutorials. Abstract: The current-steering DAC is the most common architecture for medium resolution and ultrahigh data rates, extending well to tens of giga samples per seconds in nanometer MOS process technologies. It is commonly found in all types of communication systems, instrumentation, and consumer applications, among others, due to its capability of efficiently synthesizing the analog output on a low impedance load. This tutorial builds upon previous ones, pointing to a variety of techniques that extend the current-steering DAC’s dynamic performance to an ever-higher input data rate and analog output frequency.
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Please write an abstract with title: Voice Extraction from Background Noise using Filter Bank Analysis for Voice Communication Applications, and key words: Filter banks, Power distribution, Feature extraction, Timing, Noise measurement, Data mining, Reliability, Mel frequency cepstral coefficient, Spectrogram, Automatic speech recognition. Abstract: Automatic Speech Recognition plays an evident role in extracting the voice signal in the noisy background. The reduction of noise in the signal is susceptible to the information which is to be transmitted since not all the information is emphasized. This leads to the deterioration in the transmitted information and paved furtherance for automatic speech recognition. Prevalent feature extraction techniques are applied to extract the speech signal with the trade off of complexity, compression ratio. For the application of voice communication, filter bank analysis is applied to extract the voice signals in the noisy environment. This work emphasized on the attributes of the perceptual quality of Loudness, Pitch Intensity, Timing. Band pass filtering provides reliable extraction of the voice signal features in the noisy environment. The power distribution of the extracted signals for the selected audio signal with the length of more than 20 seconds wave file with a sampling rate of 16 Khz along with the background noises has been plotted and its respective spectrogram also been plotted.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Web Based Application for National Healthcare System, and key words: Hospitals, Object oriented modeling, Blood, Rails, Medical diagnostic imaging, Software. Abstract: Having to deal with an undersized National Healthcare System obligates us to present technological solutions to optimize the use of its scarce resources. Our paper presents a web-based application to tackle some of the challenges posed by those constraints. The system integrates several aspects to be used by general public, patients, doctors and other healthcare professionals. It introduces the main development technologies used, the reason of their choice and presents the implemented system architecture.
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Please write an abstract with title: A robust face detection system for real environments, and key words: Robustness, Face detection, Humans, Object detection, Real time systems, Layout, Image analysis, Head, Skin, Image color analysis. Abstract: In this paper, a robust real-time face detection system based on the integration of different location methods is proposed. A hierarchical architecture composed of three levels is designed. At the first level, a change detection method is applied to detect blobs of moving objects (i.e., humans) in the scene. Then, the silhouette of each blob is analyzed to focalize the attention of the system on small image areas where the probability of finding human heads is high. At the second level, two different methods, i.e., the skin color and the principal component analysis, are applied to locate human faces. Finally, the higher level fuses the obtained location data to improve the face detection reliability. The system is tested in outdoor environments in the context of a video-based surveillance system.
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Please write an abstract with title: A high performance sense amplifier for a 5 V dynamic RAM, and key words: DRAM chips, Power supplies, Voltage, Signal detection, Circuit synthesis, Signal restoration, Performance analysis, Analytical models, Circuit simulation, Circuit analysis. Abstract: Increasing dynamic RAM cell density and the use of a single low-voltage power supply have made it mandatory to store the full power supply voltage in the cell and to be able to detect smaller signals reliably with the initial sense amplifier. The authors present a circuit design approach that restores the cell to a full V/SUB DD/ `1' level, preamplifies the initial charge imbalance before sensing by conventional techniques, and is used in the Fairchild 64K design. Design requirements and a detailed analysis of the amplifier are presented along with simulated results, followed by performance data. The circuit analysis shows how the key design parameters should be chosen and the effects of clock timing variations on the performance of the sense amplifier.
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Please write an abstract with title: Structural and property changes of high energy proton-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) 56/44 mol.% copolymer, and key words: Ferroelectric films, Polarization, Protons, Capacitive sensors, Lattices, Ferroelectric materials, Permittivity, Hysteresis, Dielectrics, Relaxor ferroelectrics. Abstract: High-energy proton irradiation with a broad range of dosages has been carried out to investigate the potential for modifying the properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) 56/44 mol.% copolymer films. The relative permittivity, polarization hysteresis, electric field induced strain, lattice spacing and phase transition behavior of the irradiated copolymer films were studied. With regards to the dielectric and polarization behaviors, the copolymer film can be converted from a typical ferroelectric to a relaxor ferroelectric upon irradiation. This implies that the high-energy protons can break up the coherent polarization domains in the normal ferroelectric copolymer into nano-sized regions. Besides, the XRD data showed that the solid-state phase transition from the polar phase to nonpolar phase is induced in the copolymer during irradiation in which the lattice spacing increases significantly. The electric field induced phase transformation of the nano-sized regions between the polar and nonpolar phase leads to a high electrostrictive strain observed in the irradiated copolymers.
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Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Algorithmically Generated Domain Detection with Deep Learning Methods, and key words: Feature extraction, Deep learning, Entropy, Machine learning, Support vector machines, Malware, Training. Abstract: Domain-Flux is the main way for malware or botnets to bypass most detection systems where static methods, such as blacklists, are relied on. The key point of Domain-Flux is Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA), which can generate thousands of domain names in a short time. Therefore, effective detection of DGA domain names plays an important role in cybersecurity defense. Traditional detection methods mainly depend on the reverse engineering of malware samples, which is tedious and inflexible. In this paper, we apply artificial intelligence methods in this field and detect DGA domains automatically. Specifically, we first discover the pseudo-randomness of DGA domain name strings through data analysis. Then, we build several DGA classifiers based on different machine learning and deep learning methods. Apart from separating DGA domains from benign ones, classifiers with deep learning models can also support multi-classification and identify DGA families. Finally, the experiment results on a well-known public dataset show that the classifier with CNN model is superior to the others with the consideration of accuracy, efficiency and robustness.
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Please write an abstract with title: New phased array antenna architecture for the X-band radar, and key words: Phased arrays, Radar antennas, Antenna arrays, Missiles, Architecture, Azimuth, Planar arrays, Bonding, Postal services, Solids. Abstract: The geodesic sphere phased array antenna system (see Bondyopadhyay, P.K., US Patent No. 6,292,134, 2001) is proposed as the new electronically scanned X-Band radar architecture for mid-course missile defense. In the proposed architecture, a number of substantially equilateral triangular planar subarrays of antenna elements are arranged in a geodesic sphere configuration derived from the truncated (or regular) icosahedron, an Archimedian (or Platonic) solid. The architecture should replace the present configuration when a tilted single planar phased array is mounted on a rotating platform for very slow mechanical scanning in azimuth.
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Please write an abstract with title: An embedded multilingual speech recognition system for Mandarin, Cantonese, and English, and key words: Speech recognition, Natural languages, Automatic speech recognition, Audio-visual systems, Laboratories, Computational complexity, Engines, Character recognition, Mobile handsets, Vocabulary. Abstract: Here, we propose a small-footprint speaker-independent, multilingual system for isolated word recognition of Mandarin, Cantonese, and English. The baseline system got very promising results without any phoneme shared between different languages. By sharing phonemes, the memory and computational complexity was reduced by about 40%. Nonnative, accented speech recognition and mixed language words support are the distinguishing features of our system. Automatic language identification (LID) is one of the key elements in language-independent automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. LID perfomance is also analyzed in addition to the engine performance of the proposed system. Supervised Bayesian online adaptation was proved to be effective in compensation for accent mismatch, environment mismatch, as well as for modeling inaccuracy introduced by combined training.
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Please write an abstract with title: Interleaved S+P pyramidal decomposition with refined prediction model, and key words: Predictive models, Image coding, Image resolution, Context modeling, Spatial resolution, Codecs, Remote sensing, Scalability, Image reconstruction, IP networks. Abstract: Scalability and others functionalities such as the region of interest encoding become essential properties of an efficient image coding scheme. Within the framework of lossless compression techniques, S+P and CALIC represent the state-of-the-art. The proposed interleaved S+P algorithm outperforms these method while providing the desired properties. Based on the LAR (locally adaptive resolution) method, an original pyramidal decomposition combined with a DPCM scheme is elaborated. This solution uses the S-transform in such a manner that a refined prediction context is available for each estimation steps. The image coding is done in two main steps, so that the first one supplies a LAR low-resolution image of good visual quality, and the second one allows a lossless reconstruction. The method exploits an implicit context modelling, intrinsic property of our content-based quad-tree like representation.
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Please write an abstract with title: A New Method of Visual Training for Amblyopia Using Binocular Training and Virtual Reality, and key words: Training, Visualization, Conferences, Sociology, Virtual reality, Games, Clinical trials. Abstract: Amblyopia occurs in 2%-4% of the total population of children. Amblyopia can severely affect a child's life and learning. Therefore, early treatment or initial intervention is imperative. To make treatment more engaging and less discouraging, we developed a virtual reality game on the HTC Vive and Google Cardboard platforms to assist traditional treatment systems. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed system can increase motivation in children with amblyopia and supplement traditional amblyopia therapy.
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Please write an abstract with title: On Test Set Preservation of Retimed Circuits, and key words: Circuit testing, Circuit faults, Sequential circuits, Test pattern generators, Integrated circuit synthesis, Synchronization, Optimization, Registers, Laboratories, Graphics. Abstract: Recently, it has been shown that retiming has a very strong impact on the run time of sequential, structural automatic test pattern generators (ATPGs), as well as the levels of fault coverage and fault efficiency attained. In this paper, we show that retiming preserves testability with respect to a single stuck-at fault test set by adding a prefix sequence of a pre-determined number of arbitrary input vectors. Experimental results show that high fault coverages can be achieved on high performance circuits optimized by retiming with a much less CPU time (a reduction of two orders of magnitude in several instances) than if ATPG is attempted directly on those circuits.
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Please write an abstract with title: Radar-Cross-Section Reduction Using Polarization Conversion Metasurface, and key words: Phase change materials, Surface waves, Radar cross-sections, Polarization, Mirrors, Surface treatment, Random access memory. Abstract: A polarization converter metamaterial surface (PCM) surface is designed for radar-cross-section reduction (RCSR) applications, through this paper. The presented PCM unit-cell composed of crescent shaped metallic patch. It introduces polarization conversion ratio (PCR) of 0.9 in the frequency-band from 8.2 GHz to 11.5 GHz. Different PCM surfaces arrangements uniform, triangle, and square structures are constructed and studied for more RCSR performance. The PCM square arrangement surface involves the rotation of the crescent unit cell with 90, 180 and 270 degrees to enhance the scattered waves cancellation and hence produce more RCSR. It introduces the optimum RCSR of 22.5 dB at 8.7 GHz for normal incident wave. The paper investigates the RCSR from different planar and conformal metallic surfaces loaded with PCM square arrangement. Different radii of surface curvature are investigated.
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Please write an abstract with title: THz Spectroscopic Study of Degradation of Epoxy Resins, and key words: Heating systems, Degradation, Absorption, Epoxy resins, Gamma-rays, Aging, Oxidation. Abstract: Two kinds of epoxy resins, HE and SE, were prepared. The resin SE is soft, while HE is hard. After they were heated at 90 °C or higher or irradiated with gamma rays for various periods, their absorption spectra were measured in a frequency range from 0.5 to 5.0 THz. As a result, it has become clear that the intensity of the THz absorption in SE correlates well with the intensity of its mid-infrared (mIR) absorption due to the formation of carbonyl groups. In contrast, HE shows no appreciable changes in both THz and mIR absorption spectra. The above THz absorption can be an oxidation index of epoxy resin.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Non-Intrusive, Single-Sided Car Traffic Monitoring System Based on Low-Cost BLE Devices, and key words: Automobiles, Monitoring, Roads, Standards, Detection algorithms, Wireless fidelity, Wireless sensor networks. Abstract: Accurate and dense car traffic monitoring is a key prerequisite to cope with upcoming road infrastructure demands. We propose a vehicle detection and counting system that is based on low-cost BLE sensor devices. The variance within the Received Signal Strength inside a wireless network is fed into an adaptive peak detection algorithm in order to recognize vehicle-induced events within the stream of field strength data. Observing the traffic on a two-lane local road, a counting accuracy of 97.9 % is achieved while the false-positive rate is lower than 4.5 %. Monitoring a single-lane only, the performance can even be increased to 99.6 % and the false-positive rate is reduced to 0.8 %. Furthermore, the presented system needs sensor hardware only on one side of the observed street even when monitoring the traffic on both lanes.
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2,248
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Please write an abstract with title: A large cryogen free iron shielded 6.5 Tesla magnet for nuclear beam experiments, and key words: Iron, Magnetic shielding, Particle beams, Superconducting magnets, Magnetic separation, Magnetic flux, Solenoids, Magnetic sensors, Particle scattering, Magnetoelasticity. Abstract: The fusion of energetic beam nuclei with target nuclei produces new unstable nuclei. In order to study such nuclei they must be separated from the main particle beam so that the detectors used to identify the fusion products are not swamped by the high flux of incoming elastically scattered particles. A new particle detector 500 times more efficient than the previous design has been developed by the Nuclear Physics Department of the Australian National University. It requires a 6.5 Tesla 200 mm bore superconducting magnet, known as "SOLITAIRE," which has been built by Cryogenic Ltd. The magnet operates without cryogens and is iron shielded. The coil is designed within 0.05% of the axis of the iron shield. The magnet cryostat can be moved within the iron shield by means of alignment screws and the force between the solenoid and iron is monitored by means of pressure sensors. The high axial magnetic field produced by the superconducting solenoid is used to focus elastically scattered beam particles at a point inside the solenoid. At this point they are collected by a Faraday cup, which does not intercept the fusion products, since their focus is at a different point further down the beam line. The system is computer controlled under the National Instruments LabVIEW system for control of the magnetic field and monitor of the internal temperatures and the pressure sensors.
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Please write an abstract with title: U-net Based Method for Automatic Hard Exudates Segmentation in Fundus Images Using Inception Module and Residual Connection, and key words: Image segmentation, Feature extraction, Machine learning, Diabetes, Biomedical imaging, Classification algorithms, Image color analysis. Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an eye abnormality caused by chronic diabetes that affected patients worldwide. Hard exudate is an important and observable sign of DR and can be used for early diagnosis. In this paper, an automatic hard exudates segmentation method is proposed in order to aid ophthalmologists to diagnose DR in the early stage. We utilized the SLIC superpixel algorithm to generate sample patches, thus overcoming the difficulty of the limited and imbalanced dataset. Furthermore, a U-net based network architecture with inception modules and residual connections is proposed to conduct end-to-end hard exudate segmentation, and focal loss is utilized as the loss function. Extensive experiments have been conducted on the IDRiD dataset to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The reported sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy achieve 96.38%, 97.14%, and 97.95% respectively, which demonstrates the effectiveness and superiority of our method. The achieved segmentation results prove the potential of the method for clinical diagnosis.
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Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of Hydraulic Fractures With Triaxial Electromagnetic Induction and Sector Coil Rotation Measurement, and key words: Hydraulic systems, Receivers, Conductivity, Transmitters, Rotation measurement, Petroleum, Monitoring. Abstract: The characterization of hydraulic fractures is crucial for fracturing evaluation and strategy optimization. Low-frequency electromagnetic triaxial induction measurement is a promising candidate in hydraulic fracture characterization. However, it is difficult to accurately monitor fracture shape, orientation, and the multistage fracture network distribution. A novel method that combines triaxial induction measurement with sector-shaped coils axial rotation measurement (TIM-SCARM) is proposed to characterize hydraulic fractures. It is implemented by using the finite element method with transition boundary conditions (FEM-TBCs), which approximates the thin fracture as a surface to enhance the computational efficiency. The study focuses on quantitative analysis of conductivity, cross-sectional shape, half-length, and orientation of hydraulic fractures to assess their effects on specific configurations of the TIM-SCARM. Furthermore, the correlations between multicomponent signals and fracture characteristics are investigated. Numerical results indicate that the coaxial component signal in SCARM can distinguish the cross-sectional shape and orientation. The cross-polarized component signals provide important features of tilted fractures, and the 3-D signal obtained by instrument rotation could determine the spatial distribution of fracture networks. Therefore, measurements that integrate the multicomponent signals and axial information improve fracture geometry evaluation.
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2,251
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Please write an abstract with title: Blind Correction of Lateral Chromatic Aberration in Raw Bayer Data, and key words: Image color analysis, Cameras, Lenses, Optics, Color, Interpolation, Image edge detection. Abstract: Chromatic aberration is an error that occurs in color images due to the fact that camera lenses refract the light of different wavelengths in different angles. The common approach today to correct the error is to use a lookup table for each camera-lens combination, e.g., as in Adobe PhotoShop Lightroom or DxO Optics Pro. In this paper, we propose a method that corrects the chromatic aberration error without any priot knowledge of the camera-lens combination, and does the correction already on the bayer data, i.e., before the Raw image data is interpolated to an RGB image. We evaluate our method in comparison to DxO Optics Pro, a state-of-the-art tool based on lookup tables, using 25 test images and the variance of the color differences (VCD) metric. The results show that our blind method has a similar error correction performance as DxO Optics Pro, but without prior knowledge of the camera-lens setup.
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Please write an abstract with title: Constrained Wrapped Least Squares: A Tool for High-Accuracy GNSS Attitude Determination, and key words: Position measurement, Satellites, Global navigation satellite system, Optimization, Antennas, Satellite antennas, Antenna arrays. Abstract: Attitude determination is a popular application of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Many methods have been developed to solve the attitude determination problem with different performance offerings. We develop a constrained wrapped least-squares (C-WLS) method for high-accuracy attitude determination. This approach is built on an optimization model that leverages prior information related to the antenna array and the integer nature of the carrier-phase ambiguities in an innovative way. The proposed approach adopts an efficient search strategy to estimate the vehicle’s attitude parameters using ambiguous carrier-phase observations directly, without requiring prior carrier-phase ambiguity fixing. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated via simulations and experimentally utilizing data collected using multiple GNSS receivers. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate excellent performance, with the proposed method outperforming the ambiguity function method (AFM), the constrained least-squares ambiguity Decorrelation (LAMBDA) method, and multivariate constrained LAMBDA methods, three prominent attitude determination algorithms.
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimisation of Procure to Pay process through Blockchain technology – Case of Textile Sector–, and key words: Procurement, Process modeling, Supply chains, Pressing, Real-time systems, Blockchains, Stakeholders. Abstract: Defined as a distributed ledger enabling the record of transactions between actors verifiably and permanently, the Blockchain technology first appeared as a disruptive technology in the financial sector. However, in the last few years, this technology attracted the attention of several researchers and business stakeholders who were interested in exploring the potential of this technology in other sectors and the supply chain in one of them as it is perceived as a backbone of a new digital supply chain. Among the pillars of Blockchain technology is its ability to guarantee that data will never be altered and that it will be shared in real time with all parties interested in the transaction due to the decentralized nature of the blockchain. This will increase the traceability, transparency, and performance of the supply chain. The literature concerning Blockchain in non-financial applications mainly focused on the technological part and the Business Process Modeling, lacking in terms of standard methodology for designing a strategy to develop and validate the overall Blockchain solution and integrate it in the Business Strategy. The literature concerning Blockchain technology application in non-financial sectors mainly focused on the general integration lacking the technological part and the business process modeling. Thus, this paper aims to overcome this lack by presenting how the blockchain technology can alter the way supply chain processes are designed and executed as an example we chose to work on the procure to pay process. The main purpose of this work is to explore how blockchain technology can be integrated into a typical procure-to-pay process, what opportunities can be identified from the technology. To achieve this purpose, we studied the related literature review, and we analyzed the relevant Academic and practitioner research based on qualitative and deductive methodology. That way, it lays a basis for future research which enables valuable insight for procurement managers and offers opportunities to master the most pressing challenges.
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Please write an abstract with title: [DC] XR for Improving Cardiac Catheter Ablation Procedure, and key words: Training, Visualization, Pathology, Three-dimensional displays, Navigation, Conferences, Instruments. Abstract: Cardiac arrhythmia refers to abnormalities of heart rhythm, and cardiac catheter ablation procedure provides the best therapeutic outcomes to cure this life-threatening pathology. An electrophysiologist clinically performs the procedure that involves navigating 'catheters' into the chambers of the heart through peripheral blood vessels, studying the cardiac electrophysiology and performing ablations. An electrophysiologist must possess a comprehensive understanding of cardiac electrophysiology and precise instrument handling due to the sensitiveness of the procedure. In the conventional approach, electroanatomical mapping systems and fluoroscopic visualizations are utilized to assist the procedure; however, their limitations reduce the procedure's effectiveness. Two main scenarios have been identified to improve the effectiveness of the procedure: intraoperative guidance and procedure training. This study aims to examine how extended reality technologies (eg. AR/VR) can be used to improve the effectiveness of the cardiac catheter ablation procedure.
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Please write an abstract with title: Memory built-in self-repair for nanotechnologies, and key words: Circuit faults, Fault tolerance, Testing, Costs, Manufacturing, Laboratories, Buildings, Nonvolatile memory, Taxonomy, Performance evaluation. Abstract: This paper presents memory built-in self-repair approaches allowing to achieve high yield for defect densities several orders of magnitude higher than in current technologies. Such repair schemes illustrate that we could build memories in nanoelectronic technologies that are subject to very high defect densities.
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2,256
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of USB 5 VCPs Concurrent Communications on SCU AC Acquisition and Metering Unit Based on MCU, and key words: Computer science, Protocols, Universal Serial Bus, Transformers, Libraries, Intelligent control. Abstract: In order to implement 5-channel concurrent communications based on USB virtual COM ports between the main control and storage unit and the AC acquisition and metering unit of smart distribution transformer combine terminal unit, two technical schemes based on HC32F4A0 MCU were proposed. Scheme one based on ring buffer and improved USB-FS device library, and scheme two based on ring-multi-buffer and DMA controller. Both schemes didn't generate receiving or sending errors in the loop receiving and sending concurrent test, in which each channel hadcommunicated more than 550 million bytes. And more tests indicate that scheme one has lower CPU load.
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Please write an abstract with title: Digitized railway ticket verification using facial recognition, and key words: Deep learning, Face recognition, Computational modeling, Image edge detection, Manuals, Rail transportation, Classification algorithms. Abstract: The history of the Indian railway dates back to over 160 years. Since then, manual verification of passenger tickets has been practiced by the ticket examiners. This process is very wasteful, in terms of resources, and also tends to be inconvenient for the passengers at times. This project aims at alleviating the problems and modernizing the conventional ticket checking system by the application of computer vision techniques. The system's goal is to create a scalable and efficient approach in order to eliminate the need for carrying a ticket which reduces the usage of paper as well as improves the convenience of passengers. This digitization also provides a clean and organized system throughout the ticket verification life-cycle. With the recent advancements in the field of computer vision and the astounding improvements in the capacity of deep learning algorithms to impart the abilities of human eyes and brain to computer systems, the concept of facial recognition was applied as a solution to railway ticketing modernization. Various face detection and recognition algorithms were studied and a model was created using Haar Cascade Classifiers for human face detection and Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH) method for face recognition. Using this model, this project aims at converting the ticket checking process into a digitized and paperless system, which would be much more convenient for the passengers and efficient for the ticket examiners.
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2,258
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Please write an abstract with title: FishNet: Fish Classification using Convolutional Neural Network, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Neural networks, Support vector machine classification, Fish, Classification algorithms, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Our main motive of this paper is to classify fish for people. Because many of us don't know the class of fish, name of fish. For that reason, we don't know the percentage of vitamins and nutritions of a fish properly and cannot understand which fish we should eat more. And this fish classification will also help the people who work in marine fishing and it is very important to know the classification of fish for them. Here we have identified six types of fish using the traditional algorithm along with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to classify fish. In traditional algorithms, we have implemented some remarkable and performable Machine Learning Algorithms. Convolutional Neural Network is considered as perfect and suitable for classification. That's why we use CNN to classify fish on our model. From various kinds of traditional algorithms, we got the best accuracy from Support Vector Machine(SVM) where the accuracy is 63.93% and our classification accuracy using Convolutional Neural Network is 88.96%.
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2,259
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Please write an abstract with title: Visual comparison of performance for different activation functions in MLP networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Transfer functions, Neurons, Neural networks, Mathematics, Computer science, Electronic mail, Logistics, Application software, Interpolation. Abstract: Multi layer perceptron networks have been successful in many applications, yet there are many unsolved problems in the theory. Commonly, sigmoidal activation functions have been used, giving good results. The backpropagation algorithm might work with any other activation function on one condition though - it has to have a differential. We investigate some possible activation functions and compare the results they give on some sample data sets.
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2,260
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Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning techniques in soft robotic suits for whole body assistance, and key words: Legged locomotion, Symbiosis, Machine learning algorithms, Machine learning, Grasping, Switches, Soft robotics. Abstract: Soft robotic suits, or exosuits, are progressively spreading in multiple directions with special emphasis for what concerns human assistance and functional rehabilitation: lightweight, portability, and ergonomics are the main advantages with respect to the rigid exoskeletons and play a major role in the growing interest from the scientific community for soft wearable technology. Yet, governing wearable robotics still poses several challenges: controlling soft devices in a robust manner implies to opportunely detect wearer’s movement intention and consequently generating the right amount of assistance. The inclusion of machine learning (ML) algorithms as upper layer in the control loop to enhance robustness and reliability is a feasible solution still not fully explored. Here, we present a soft robotic suit to assist both upper and lower limbs i.e. hand grasping and locomotion through machine learning frameworks running in parallel to a classic control architecture. We tested the system on healthy participants performing functional manipulation tasks and overgound walking for upper and lower limbs respectively. Results demonstrated that the use of machine learning provides a more robust prediction of the interaction between the wearer and the devices than in conditions when only classic control is employed. Such effects are detected as significant reductions of muscular activities as well as lower metabolic rates.
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Please write an abstract with title: High-performance LDPC codes for CDMA applications, and key words: Parity check codes, Multiaccess communication, Convolutional codes, Bit error rate, Iterative algorithms, Decoding, Application software, Java, Gaussian channels, Channel capacity. Abstract: Recently, V. Sorokine et al. (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.48, no.10, p.1660-8, 2000; vol.48, no.11, p.1818-28, 2000) have introduced a class of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes which, when applied on an IS-95 CDMA system, show, at BER=10/sup -3/, a five-fold and two-fold increase in capacity compared to the traditional uncoded scheme and to state-of-the-art low-rate orthogonal convolutional codes, respectively. However, these codes suffer from an error-floor at lower BERs which are needed for high-quality services, such as data. To enhance the capacity of CDMA systems, not only for moderate BER values but also for lower BER values, we modify the construction of these codes slightly, to improve their performance at lower BERs. We use a simple and fast iterative algorithm instead of an exhaustive search for this purpose. Our results show a three-fold increase in capacity at BER=10/sup -5/ compared to the low-rate orthogonal convolutional codes and 1.5 times increase compared to a typical code of the Sorokine et al. ensemble.
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Please write an abstract with title: Array Factor Code Development of Fractal Array Antenna using Python: A Mini-Study on Free and Open Source Software for Antennas, and key words: Codes, Writing, Programming, Fractals, Software reliability, Task analysis, Open source software. Abstract: This mini study illustrates the use of python programming language, a free open-source software to develop array factor code for fractal array antenna. This study shows the usage of python open source programming to develop array factor for antennas instead of commercial or licensed software like MATLAB. In this paper, a rhombic fractal array antenna has considered to demonstrate python code development. This study exhibits open source software like python is the best solution for academia and students in this pandemic situation.
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2,263
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Please write an abstract with title: Method of Merging the Divergence Sparsity and Simplified Acousto-Optic Interferometry to Sense an Acoustic Wave Field, and key words: Acoustic waves, Optical sensors, Diffraction, Optical interferometry, Optical diffraction, Interferometry, Laser beams. Abstract: This paper proposes a method of sensing an acoustic wave field by merging the divergence sparsity and the acousto-optic interferometry. For simplicity, we call this method the Compressed Acousto-optic Interferometry. Specifically, the Compressed Acousto-optic Interferometry refers to the integration of compressed tomography with acousto-optic interferometry, which is a potential solution for the real-time capture of an acoustic wave field that will apply in building future sonar systems. In this sensing regime, two important improvements to the preceding works are: (1) using a specific diffraction order of the sensing laser caused by the acousto-optic effect to establish the interferometer, which omits the reference arms broadly adopted in conventional experiments; (2) using the sparse extremums of a cross-section of the acoustic wave field as the features to integrate the compressed sensing into the construction of an acoustic wave field, which will reduce the number of necessary lasers and photodetectors. Detailed construction of the corresponding mathematical model, simulations and experiments are presented in this paper. The results show that the Compressed Acousto-optic Interferometry proposed is potentially an effective method for capturing the acoustic wave field in real-time, maintaining the accuracy of the reconstruction, as well as reducing the number of laser-photodetector pairs by more than 30%.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Misalignment Adaptive WPT System Ensuring Maximum Power Transfer under Asymmetric Frequency Splitting Conditions, and key words: Resonant frequency, Birds, Couplers, Coils, Wireless power transfer, Mathematical model, Adaptive systems. Abstract: One of the major issues is that the output power and power transfer efficiency are dependent on the coupling coefficient (k) between the magnetic couplers. Any deviations in optimal distance, misalignment between the couplers or un-modeled dynamics such as temperature dependent variation in components lead to a shift in system's resonance frequency. Also, asymmetric frequency splitting phenomenon occurs decreasing the output power and the power transfer efficiency of the system. Non-metaheuristic optimization methods are not capable of distinguishing the global maximum power (GMP) transfer frequency under frequency splitting conditions. This study presents an adaptive wireless power transfer (WPT) system with a Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) based frequency-tracking method. GMP transfer frequencies determined by experimental frequency scanning method. The method is implemented under asymmetric splitting conditions for the first time. The suitability of the algorithm is tested in an experimental WPT setup. In experimental studies, wireless power transfer was provided through flux pipe couplers with three sub-coils which exhibit higher coupling coefficient as compared to traditional flux pipe couplers with two sub-coils. Results show that the CSA based controller can accurately find the optimal operation frequency under various misalignment and distance between the couplers.
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Please write an abstract with title: A computationally efficient MIMO turbo-equaliser, and key words: MIMO, Iterative algorithms, Interference, Covariance matrix, Computational complexity, Filtering, Matched filters, Wireless communication, Signal to noise ratio, Receivers. Abstract: A reduced complexity version of the soft-interference cancelling MMSE turbo equalizer is proposed for single-carrier MIMO systems. In the receiver exact symbol-by-symbol interference covariance matrice inverses are replaced by time averages acquired through matrix inversion lemma iterations. Consequently, also the requirement to explicitly estimate signal-to-noise ratio is removed. After a number of iterations the equalizer is further simplified by utilizing the matched filter approximation. Remaining multipath and multiuser interference, in addition to receiver noise, are accounted for in the approximation. The performance of the receiver is verified through simulations with two MIMO radio network configurations.
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Please write an abstract with title: 300C ferrite material for high temperature magnetics, and key words: Magnetic materials, Ferrites, Temperature, Semiconductor materials, Power electronics, Frequency, Data analysis, Magnetic analysis, Conducting materials, Electronic equipment testing. Abstract: The next generation of power electronics is likely to use high temperature capable silicon carbide semiconductors. To fully utilize the capabilities of these devices, high temperature magnetics and other passive components will be required. A 300C ferrite material has been developed to operate at over 300 degree C combined ambient and rise. Presently available ferrite materials have Curie temperatures of 250/spl deg/C or lower and are optimized for use at temperatures of 100/spl deg/C or less. This paper will discuss ferrite power materials developed by magnetics for use at frequencies above 200 kHz and temperatures of 300/spl deg/C. An evaluation of this material has been performed using a 1.5 kW, 270 Vdc to 28 Vdc converter. Both test data and analysis are presented to show the material capability and techniques for fully utilizing the high temperature capabilities of the ferrite material. The test data and analysis includes a discussion of various winding and high temperature insulation techniques consistent with high voltage and power electronics high frequency magnetics issues. This program is being conducted under an Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) contract.
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Please write an abstract with title: Hardware/software interface codesign for embedded systems, and key words: Hardware, Embedded software, Embedded system, Video compression, Costs, Application software, Cameras, Central Processing Unit, Design engineering, Software design. Abstract: Separate hardware- and software-only engineering approaches cannot meet the increasingly complex requirements of embedded systems. HW/SW interface codesign would enable the integration of components in heterogeneous multiprocessors. The authors analyze the evolution of this approach and define a long-term roadmap for future success.
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Please write an abstract with title: Addressing the challenges of replications of surveys in software engineering research, and key words: Software engineering, Australia, Programming, Best practices, Government, Coordinate measuring machines, Concrete, Software standards, Guidelines, Aggregates. Abstract: Surveys are a popular research tool often used in empirical software engineering studies. While researchers are urged to replicate existing surveys, such replication brings with it challenges. This paper presents a concrete example of a replication of a survey used to determine the extent of adoption of software development best practice. The study replicated a European survey which was adapted and administered in a different context of Australian software development organisations. As well as discussing problems encountered, this paper presents a set of recommendations formulated to overcome identified challenges. Implementation of the recommendations would strengthen the value and contribution of surveys to the body of knowledge of empirical software engineering research.
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2,269
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Please write an abstract with title: Face recognition by using discriminative common vectors, and key words: Face recognition, Face detection, Null space, Light scattering, Vectors, Application software, Linear discriminant analysis, Optimized production technology, Databases, Testing. Abstract: In face recognition tasks, the dimension of the sample space is typically larger than the number of the samples in the training set. As a consequence, the within-class scatter matrix is singular and the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method cannot be applied directly. This problem is also known as the "small sample size" problem. In this paper, we propose a new face recognition method based on the discriminative common vectors for the small sample size case. The discriminative common vectors representing the people in the face database were found by using the null space of the within-class scatter matrix. Then, these vectors were used for classification of new faces. Test results show that the proposed method is superior to other methods in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and numerical stability.
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2,270
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimal FPGA-oriented lightweight network architecture search under multi-objective constraints, and key words: Analytical models, Neural networks, Manuals, Network architecture, Hardware, Time measurement, Real-time systems. Abstract: The neural architecture search (NAS) technology has developed rapidly, but most algorithms mainly target the GPUs, causing the searched models to lack consideration of the target hardware platform. This paper proposes a novel NAS algorithm specific for the unique calculation and storage character of FPGA to accelerate the deployment efficiency of neural networks and automated build the FPGA-oriented neural structure. Firstly, we design the search space based on the lightweight candidate blocks. Then, we measure the real simulation latency of each candidate block on the FPGA platform and for the first time using it to direct the NAS process. Eventually, this paper proposed a differentiable representation function of hardware latency and built a multi-objective NAS framework based on real simulation latency and FLOPS. In addition, by analyzing the relationship between the network convergence process and the model size, we achieve an optimal trade-off balance between precision and latency and build a more suitable network structure for deployment on FPGA. Compared with state-of-the-art manual and automated lightweight models, our method has relatively better accuracy and latency performance. Extensive experiments on the ImageNet dataset show that the proposed method can achieve 2x speedup compared with the similar accuracy manual lightweight network (MobileNet V2) and even get 3x speedup compared with the equivalent auto lightweight network (DARTS).
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2,271
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Please write an abstract with title: Annotation Performance for multi-channel time series HAR Dataset in Logistics, and key words: Semantics, Labeling, Synchronization, Time series analysis, Logistics, Warehousing, Activity recognition. Abstract: This contribution proposes an approach for annotating human actions and their coarse semantic descriptions for multichannel time-series. For this purpose, a new dataset that consists of Optical Motion Capturing and IMU time-series data for industrial deployment is created and annotated by 6 individuals. The expenditure of time for labelling, both classes and semantic attributes, and the annotation consistency are examined. The initial annotations are revised by a single domain expert to measure its effect on the overall between-individual consistency. Consistency measurements by means of Cohen's κ are analysed. The results give insights on the effort for dataset creation in the field of Human Activity Recognition for industrial application. The Cohen's κ for consistency assessment was moderate and substantial for the initial annotation, and it increased slightly after revision.
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2,272
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Please write an abstract with title: Media Aware Routing in Large Scale Networks with Overlay, and key words: Routing, Intelligent networks, Large-scale systems, Streaming media, Bandwidth, Internet, Computer networks, Network servers, Signal processing algorithms, Distortion measurement. Abstract: This paper presents a new routing strategy, that selects the best network paths in an overlay network, in order to minimize the distortion perceived by the end user. We first propose a model that reports the video distortion as a function of the encoding rate, and the loss process parameters (the packet loss ratio, and the average burst length of errors). We then derive a method to compute an accurate estimation of the end-to-end characteristics of a given path in the network topology, as experienced by the media stream. It allows for reducing a set of streaming paths between the server and the client, to a simple virtual link with equivalent end-to-end parameters. Finally, an algorithm is proposed, that finds the best streaming paths in the overlay network, in terms of media distortion. Our algorithm therefore takes into account not only the conventional network parameters (e. g. end-to-end available bandwidth), but also other application specific metrics (e. g. video distortion measure and loss process). Interestingly, it is shown that the best route in terms of video distortion, does not necessarily use the highest bandwidth links, but carefully trades off channel reliability and bandwidth.
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2,273
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Please write an abstract with title: PRNU Estimation based on Weighted Averaging for Source Smartphone Video Identification, and key words: Image coding, Forensics, Estimation, Authentication, Cameras, Object recognition, Noise measurement. Abstract: Photo response non-uniformity (PRNU) noise is a sensor pattern noise characterizing imperfections in the imaging device. The PRNU is a unique noise for each sensor device, and it has been generally utilized in the literature for source camera identification and image authentication. In video forensics, the traditional approach estimates the PRNU by averaging a set of residual signals obtained from multiple video frames. However, due to lossy compression and other non-unique content-dependent noise components that interfere with the video data, constant averaging does not take into account the intensity of these undesirable noise components which are content-dependent. Different from the traditional approach, we propose a video PRNU estimation method based on weighted averaging. The noise residual is first extracted for each single video. Then, the estimated noise residuals are fed into a weighted averaging method to optimize PRNU estimation. Experimental results on two video datasets captured by various smartphone devices have shown a significant gain obtained with the proposed approach over the conventional state-of-the-art one.
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2,274
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Please write an abstract with title: Improved Physical Layer Security in Visible Light Communications by Using Focused Light Emitters, and key words: Lenses, Light emitting diodes, Visible light communication, Conferences, Physical layer security, Optical transmitters, MISO communication. Abstract: A conventional visible light communication system consists of a transmitter, a jammer that includes a few light emitting diodes, a legal listener and an eavesdropper. In this work, a similar system is designed with a collimating lens in order to create an extra layer of practical physical security measure. The use of a collimating lens makes it available to spatially limiting data transmission to an area under the lensed transmitter. Also focused data transmission through the optical lens, increases the secrecy rate. To investigate the applicability of the proposed design we designed a sample experimental setup using USRP and implemented in a laboratory environment. In the proposed set up, the receiver is in a fixed position. However, it is possible to implement an easy, practical and cheap hardware solution with respect to a beamforming type VLC that uses directional beam forming method to establish transmission to a dynamic target. In addition, it is achievable to control the size of the area where a receiver can access data by manipulating the distance between the optical lens and transmitter.
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2,275
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Please write an abstract with title: A 3D Convolutional Neural Network for Denoising of Proton CT, and key words: Protons, Training, Three-dimensional displays, PSNR, Computed tomography, Noise reduction, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Filtered back projection (FBP) is the traditional image reconstruction method in x-ray computed tomography (CT). To further improve the quality of FBP-based image reconstruction, often iterative methods are used. But these methods are slow and computationally expensive. In applications where fast and accurate images are needed, FBP may not be sufficient. We propose a very lightweight 3D convolutional neural network (3D CNN) to improve the image quality of the FBP method with minimal computational cost. 3D CNN can be used in time-sensitive situations where iterative methods are not ideal due to time constraints. The method takes advantage of the 3D-nature of the CT data. Popular denoising CNN-based algorithms have been applied to 2D images and were originally designed to correct the effects of 2D artifacts like jpg compression. These approaches fail to utilize the 3D geometry of the CT data and try to improve the 2D CT images individually. The focus of this work was on training and applying a time-saving method to proton CT head data. Proton CT (pCT) requires low-noise reconstruction of relative stopping power (RSP) for proton beam therapy planning and pretreatment verification, where time is of the essence. The proposed fast method successfully improved peak SNR (PSNR) of FBP pCT images and showed a numerical advantage of PSNR for 3D over 2D approaches. In future work, the implementation of existing popular 2D denoising methods in 3D CNN CT reconstruction will be investigated.
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2,276
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Please write an abstract with title: A micro grid information architecture with open source components, and key words: Multi-access edge computing, Operating systems, Digital twin, Distributed databases, Computer architecture, Power grids, Security. Abstract: Presented is an information system architecture based on open source platforms to support the successful management of a micro grid. The paper justifies the use of open source platforms in the micro grid context. Also given are the benefits of a micro grid as it relates to distributed energy generation and subsequently the need explained for an information system that keeps a record of all devices and their interconnections, while simultaneously providing access to instantaneous data along various points in the micro grid. Three examples of services made possible by the architecture are given.
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2,277
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Please write an abstract with title: SGM-MDE: Semi-global optimization for classification-based monocular depth estimation, and key words: Interpolation, Three-dimensional displays, Estimation, Transforms, Robot sensing systems, Real-time systems, Optimization. Abstract: Depth estimation plays a crucial role in robotic applications that require environment perception. With the introduction of convolutional neural networks, monocular depth estimation (MDE) methods have become viable alternatives to LiDAR and stereo reconstruction-based solutions. Such methods require less equipment, fewer resources and do not need additional sensor alignment requirements. However, due to the ill-posed formulation of MDE, such algorithms can only rely on learning mechanisms, which makes them less reliable and less robust. In this work we propose a novel method to cope with the lack of geometric constraints inherent to monocular depth computation. Towards this goal, we initially mathematically transform the feature vectors from the last layer inside a MDE CNN such that a 3D stereo-like cost volume is generated. We then adapt the semi-global stereo optimization to the aforementioned volume, global consistency of the map being ensured. Furthermore, we enhance the results by adding a sub-pixel stereo post-processing be means of interpolation functions, a larger range of depth values being obtained. Our method can be applied to any classification-based MDE, experiments showing an increase in accuracy with an additional time cost of only 8 ms on a regular GPU, making the technique usable for real-time applications.
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2,278
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Please write an abstract with title: Upper bounds for approximation of continuous-time dynamics using delayed outputs and feedforward neural networks, and key words: Upper bound, Neural networks, Feedforward neural networks, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Nonlinear systems, Sampling methods, Adaptive systems, Programmable control, Adaptive control, Output feedback. Abstract: The problem of approximation of unknown dynamics of a continuous-time observable nonlinear system is considered using a feedforward neural network, operating over delayed sampled outputs of the system. Error bounds are derived that explicitly depend upon the sampling time interval and network architecture. The main result of this note broadens the class of nonlinear dynamical systems for which adaptive output feedback control and state estimation problems are solvable.
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2,279
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Please write an abstract with title: Learning CNN Filters From User-Drawn Image Markers for Coconut-Tree Image Classification, and key words: Training, Feature extraction, Vegetation, Backpropagation, Convolution, Monitoring, Manuals. Abstract: Identifying species of trees in aerial images is essential for land-use classification, plantation monitoring, and impact assessment of natural disasters. The manual identification of trees in aerial images is tedious, costly, and error-prone, so automatic classification methods are necessary. Convolutional neural network (CNN) models have well succeeded in image classification applications from different domains. However, CNN models usually require intensive manual annotation to create large training sets. One may conceptually divide a CNN into convolutional layers for feature extraction and fully connected layers for feature space reduction and classification. We present a method that needs a minimal set of user-selected images to train the CNN’s feature extractor, reducing the number of required images to train the fully connected layers. The method learns the filters of each convolutional layer from user-drawn markers in image regions that discriminate classes, allowing better user control and understanding of the training process. It does not rely on optimization based on backpropagation, and we demonstrate its advantages on the binary classification of coconut-tree aerial images against one of the most popular CNN models.
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2,280
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Please write an abstract with title: Grid Division-Based Service Migration Path Selection Method in Edge Computing Environment, and key words: Degradation, Heuristic algorithms, Soft sensors, Smart contracts, Bandwidth, Quality of service, Partitioning algorithms. Abstract: Edge computing provides computing resources on the side close to the data source, which can reduce latency and bandwidth consumption. The growing distance between users and edge servers may lead to degradation of service quality or even service interruption. Attribute to the variation in network structures, different migration paths can generate different latency, and our work focuses on the selection of migration paths. In this paper, a grid-based path selection algorithm is proposed to perform heuristic path selection, which is based on the edge server load, transmission bandwidth, and physical location, and finally, obtain an optimal service migration path. Through real-data simulation experiments, we found that the algorithm proposed in this paper performs better in terms of running time, transmission time, and service following compared with other methods.
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2,281
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Please write an abstract with title: Numerical computation of diffraction coefficients, and key words: Optical diffraction, Physical theory of diffraction, Physical optics, Dielectric losses, Moment methods, Conductivity, Optical losses, TV interference, Geometrical optics. Abstract: Direct numerical methods are explored for the computation of diffraction coefficients for a wide class of canonical structures. Although these canonical structures are infinite or semi-infinite, the initial computations are performed on finite bodies. Extraction of the desired coefficient therefore necessitates the elimination of radiation from extraneous diffraction centers. This is accomplished by a variety of techniques including current windowing, tapered resistivity, and screening by conducting shields. Singularities at shadow boundaries are derived via physical optics (PO). The procedure is elucidated through a number of examples for which analytic results are available for comparison. These include the perfectly conducting half-plane, wedge, rounded wedge, and grooves in a ground plane. Computed diffraction coefficients for lossy dielectric wedges are applied within the context of geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) to the computation of diffraction from a triangular prism and the results are in satisfactory agreement with those of the method of moments (MM).
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2,282
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Please write an abstract with title: Error analysis of 2-D MoM for MFIE/EFIE/CFIE based on the circular cylinder, and key words: Error analysis, Scattering, Integral equations, Magnetic analysis, Convergence, Moment methods, Geometry, Magnetic fields, Amplitude estimation, Space vector pulse width modulation. Abstract: We analyze the error in typical moment method scattering solutions for smooth cylindrical geometries and TM-polarized fields. We consider the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE), electric field integral equation (EFIE), and combined field integral equation. To quantify the impact of mesh element size, approximate integration of moment matrix elements, and geometrical discretization error on the accuracy of computed surface currents and scattering amplitudes, we derive error estimates analytically for the circular cylinder. For pulse functions and point testing, current and scattering amplitude errors are generally second order in the mesh element width. The convergence rate worsens to first order if low-order numerical quadrature is used to evaluate moment matrix elements with the EFIE formulation, or if a flat-facet mesh is employed with the MFIE formulation. Third-order convergence is also possible in some special cases. These results for the circular cylinder are empirically compared to computed error values for other smooth scatterer geometries. Convergence rates with respect to mesh refinement agree, but scatterers with regions of high curvature exhibit increased absolute error.
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2,283
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Please write an abstract with title: An Optimization Framework for Effective Flexibility Management for Prosumers, and key words: Schedules, Costs, Tariffs, Games, Pricing, Numerical models, Smart grids. Abstract: Energy flexibility management can significantly support the smoother and more cost-effective green transformation of the energy mix. However, effective management of the flexibility of residential loads can only be achieved if users are successfully engaged into the process. In this paper, we propose an optimization framework that incorporates provision of different forms of monetary and non-monetary incentives to prosumers, i.e., rewards, lotteries, peer-pressure, for providing flexibility at specific time slots. Economic rewards are offered according to a simple, yet very powerful, linear incentives' function. Dynamic tariffs per time slot for purchasing and selling electricity are accommodated in this framework as well. The optimization problem of the DR aggregator is modeled as a cost-minimization one; its solution as a Stackelberg game is outlined for the case of full information on user-utility functions by the DR aggregator. Moreover, a distributed iterative algorithm is developed for solving the flexibility-management problem in the case where user-utility functions are not known to the aggregator. Numerical results show that this optimization framework is able to elicit the required flexibility from users at a minimum incentive cost, especially when monetary rewards are combined with peer pressure.
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2,284
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Please write an abstract with title: Call stack coverage for test suite reduction, and key words: Instruments, Software testing, Programming, Runtime, Fault detection, Quality of service, System testing, Computer science, Educational institutions, Costs. Abstract: Test suite reduction is an important test maintenance activity that attempts to reduce the size of a test suite with respect to some criteria. Emerging trends in software development such as component reuse, multi-language implementations, and stringent performance requirements present new challenges for existing reduction techniques that may limit their applicability. A test suite reduction technique that is not affected by these challenges is presented; it is based on dynamically generated language-independent information that can be collected with little run-time overhead. Specifically, test cases from the suite being reduced are executed on the application under test and the call stacks produced during execution are recorded. These call stacks are then used as a coverage requirement in a test suite reduction algorithm. Results of experiments on test suites for the space antenna-steering application show significant reduction in test suite size at the cost of a moderate loss in fault detection effectiveness.
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2,285
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Please write an abstract with title: ReCoAt: A Deep Learning-based Framework for Multi-Modal Motion Prediction in Autonomous Driving Application, and key words: Deep learning, Recurrent neural networks, Roads, Measurement uncertainty, Benchmark testing, Predictive models, Trajectory. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel deep learning framework for multi-modal motion prediction. The framework consists of three parts: recurrent neural network to process target agent's motion process, convolutional neural network to process the rasterized environment representation, and distance-based attention mechanism to process the interactions among different agents. We validate the proposed framework on a large-scale real-world driving dataset, Waymo open motion dataset, and compare its performance against other methods on the standard testing benchmark. The qualitative results manifest that the predicted trajectories given by our model are accurate, diverse, and in accordance with the road structure. The quantitative results on the standard benchmark reveal that our model outperforms other baseline methods in terms of prediction accuracy and other evaluation metrics. The proposed framework is the second-place winner of the 2021 Waymo open dataset motion prediction challenge.
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2,286
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Please write an abstract with title: A Decomposition based Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm with ReliefF based Local Search and Solution Repair Mechanism for Feature Selection, and key words: Feature extraction, Maintenance engineering, Optimization, Task analysis, Search problems, Heuristic algorithms, Evolutionary computation. Abstract: Feature selection has two main objectives which are to maximise the classification accuracy and to minimise the number of selected features. Unfortunately, the two objectives are usually in conflict, which makes feature selection a multi-objective problem. MOEA/D (multi-objective optimisation evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition) has shown to be effective in solving multi-objective feature selection, which evolves more diverse fronts than other multi-objective algorithms such as SPEA2 or NSGAII. However, sometimes the feature subsets around the middle of the evolved fronts do not have high classification performance. The goal of this work is to propose a local search for MOEA/D with an expectation of maintaining the front diversity while improving the classification performance of the feature subsets in the evolved fronts. The local search is based on three operators: insert, remove, and swap. The insert/remove operators either add/remove a single feature from the current feature subset, while the swap operator exchanges a selected feature with an unselected feature. The selection of added/removed/swapped features is based on Relief, a well-known measure which considers feature interactions. The experimental results show that the proposed local search can maintain or improve the fronts evolved by MOEA/D-DYN, a state-of-the-art MOEA/D algorithm for feature selection.
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2,287
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Please write an abstract with title: A low-voltage low-power 1.5 GHz CMOS LNA design, and key words: Low-noise amplifiers, CMOS technology, Global Positioning System, Noise figure, MOSFET circuits, Circuit simulation, Voltage, Energy consumption, Narrowband, Equations. Abstract: A low-voltage and low-power 1.5 GHz low-noise amplifier in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology for GPS application is designed, this LNA has 28.7 dB gain with 0.2 dB noise figure from 1.0 V supply voltage. Basic noise analysis and design method are presented in this paper.
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2,288
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Please write an abstract with title: Routing in Fat Trees: a protocol analyzer for debugging and experimentation, and key words: Wide area networks, Data centers, Debugging, Routing, Time measurement, Routing protocols, Internet. Abstract: In the last decade, the Internet has been experiencing a gradual transition from a hierarchical network of networks to a content-driven network. This refactoring of the Internet's architecture is heavily based on the deployment of massive data centers whose basic services are computing, storage, and replication. This type of data centers may scale up to hundreds of thousands of servers, therefore, demanding a communication scale and bandwidth much higher than the historical Internet WAN traffic. Specific data center routing and forwarding solutions are needed to cope with the stringent communication requirements in this context. We are experimenting with different routing protocols to understand each one's characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages, focused on measuring convergence time and behavior under different failure scenarios. A key requirement for experimentation is to have the ability to decode protocol messages, typically analyzing control-plane traffic captures. While this is straight forward for established protocols such as BGP and IS-IS, it is challenging for newer, under development ones, such as RIFT (Routing in Fat Trees). In this work, we present an implementation of a RIFT packet dissector for Wireshark, which permits to analyze control-plane traffic under different scenarios. We tested the dissector with two different RIFT implementations, and it successfully dissected them both. Moreover, our analyzer can be easily extended to parse any RIFT generated Thrift code.
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2,289
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Please write an abstract with title: Expressing performance issues in Web application design, and key words: Calculus, Timing, Databases, Cities and towns, Application software, Computer science, Information retrieval, Delay, Search engines, Concrete. Abstract: Server side computation is very important to the end user. It is a performance issue, which is, usually, not well realized. In this paper, we provide a calculus that helps in expressing these performance issues at the design stage. The calculus is a subset of the Pi calculus with enriched timing constructs. We provide a formal syntax, an operational semantics and a bisimulation method. To illustrate the calculus an example from the Web domain is given.
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2,290
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Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Nearfield Reader Antenna for UHF RFID Application, and key words: Spirals, Meetings, UHF antennas, Antenna feeds, Antenna accessories, Radiofrequency identification. Abstract: The nearfield antenna with well-distributed field is required in radio frequency identification (RFID) system. In this paper, a nearfield antenna, with planar quadrifilar spiral antenna and feeding network is presented. The proposed antenna exhibits uniform field distribution with maximum variation of 10dB for both E and H fields in simulation, and field difference between inside and outside the range of antenna is 30dB.
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2,291
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Please write an abstract with title: Formation control: a review and a new consideration, and key words: Robot kinematics, Mobile robots, Control systems, Remotely operated vehicles, Robot sensing systems, Robot control, Intelligent robots, Distributed parameter systems, Road vehicles, Intelligent systems. Abstract: In this paper, we presented a review on the current control issues and strategies on a group of unmanned autonomous vehicles/robots formation. Formation control has broad applications and becomes an active research topic in the recent years. In this paper, we attempt to review the key issues in formation control with a focus on the main control strategies for formation control under different kinds of scenarios. Then, we point out some important open questions and the possible future research directions on formation control. This paper contributes with a new and interesting consideration on formation control and its application in distributed parameter systems. We pointed out that formation control should be classified as formation regulation control and formation tracking control, similar to regulator and tracker in conventional control.
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2,292
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Please write an abstract with title: Towards a Camera-Based Road Damage Assessment and Detection for Autonomous Vehicles: Applying Scaled-YOLO and CVAE-WGAN, and key words: Deep learning, Vehicular and wireless technologies, Roads, Computational modeling, Object detection, Semisupervised learning, Generative adversarial networks. Abstract: Initiatives such as the 2020 IEEE Global Road Damage Detection Challenge prompted extensive research in camera-based road damage detection with Deep Learning, primarily focused on improving the efficiency of road management. However, road damage detection is also relevant for automated driving to optimize passenger comfort and safety. We use the state-of-the-art object detection framework Scaled-YOLOv4 and develop two small-sized models that cope with the limited computational resources in the vehicle. With average F1 scores of 0.54 and 0.586, respectively, the models keep pace with the state-of-the-art solutions of the challenge. Since the data consists only of smartphone images, we also train expert models for autonomous driving utilizing vehicle camera data. In addition to detection, severity assessment is critical. We propose a semi-supervised learning approach based on the encodings learned by combining a class-conditional Variational Autoencoder and a Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network to classify detected damage into different severity levels.
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2,293
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Please write an abstract with title: An approach to shielding effectiveness estimation of electronic equipment enclosures, and key words: Electronic equipment, Electromagnetic shielding, Apertures, Electromagnetic radiation, Testing, Product design, Finite difference methods, Electromagnetic waveguides, Equivalent circuits, Voltage. Abstract: In this paper, an approach to the shielding effectiveness evaluation of electronic enclosures with small apertures or slots is discussed. We use transmission line theory to analyze the equipment enclosures or boxes with small apertures or slots. The enclosure was represented by a length of coplanar strip transmission line. The effect of frequency, the dimensions of the enclosure and the size of the apertures in the enclosure are taken into account in the shielding effectiveness calculation. A computer simulation is used for the evaluation. Simulation results are in good agreement with tested data.
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2,294
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Please write an abstract with title: Rotor deformation impact on operating characteristics of IPM Motor under High-Speed conditions, and key words: Couplings, Rotors, Stator windings, Permanent magnet motors, Synchronous motors, Harmonic analysis, Torque measurement. Abstract: This paper investigates effects on permanent magnet motor characteristics of the non-uniform air-gap caused by rotor deformations under high-speed conditions. Particularly, changes in the spatial flux density harmonics, in the flux linkage variations with stator windings and in the electromagnetic torque ripple are evaluated and discussed in the case of a V-type interior permanent magnet synchronous motor. The rotor deformations created by centrifugal forces are analyzed by using static mechanical FEA. The motor electromagnetic behavior is simulated through an appropriate weak coupling of a 2D FEA with an EM-FDTD numerical scheme. The results enable consideration of interaction amongst electromagnetic and mechanical small time scale phenomena and can be easily implemented in design optimization algorithms.
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2,295
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Please write an abstract with title: A Complex Systems Approach To Feature Extraction For Chaotic Behavior Recognition, and key words: Simulation, Time series analysis, Weather forecasting, Machine learning, Feature extraction, Complexity theory, Complex systems. Abstract: Chaotic behavior may be observed in many natural and human-made time series, thus one of the first things to acquire is the knowledge on their chaotic behavior. Several approaches including model-based and data-driven classifications are utilized to address this issue; however, the computational burden arisen with the higher performance seems to be a challenge in real world problems. Chaos theory and the complexity theory share considerable similarities, which inspired us to exploit complex system characteristics, such as complexity, emergence, self-organization and predictability as the features of chaotic time series. The degree of complexity in Lorenz model is a well-known instance of chaotic behavior, demonstrated from periodic nonlinear to a chaotic state by analysis of Hopf and Pitchfork bifurcations and then the corresponding time series are gathered in a dataset. Subsequently, the complex systems characteristics are introduced as proper features for the generated dataset, and finally these features are extracted and validated via different machine learning methods with different evaluation metrics. The simulation results reveal the excellent performance of 92 percent precision on the test data, based on the extracted features. It is shown that the most important features to recognize the chaotic behavior are complexity, emergence, predictability, and self-organization.
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2,296
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Please write an abstract with title: IoT based Digital Production Counting System, and key words: Productivity, Manufacturing industries, Renewable energy sources, Costs, Manufacturing processes, Microcontrollers, Process control. Abstract: The Objective of this research is to Design and build a IoT Base Digital Production Counting system. It decreases the likelihood of counting errors and improve counting accuracy, which is used in big enterprises since it outperforms human techniques. Production manufacturing and counting can be a time-consuming process that includes quality control, large-scale analysis, and quantity measurement. The classification especially supports the quantity factor, or production rate which is accomplished by human resource present in industry with having either a max or min rate of production but keeping the exact count throughout the manufacturing process is still impossible. The quantity outcome is an important factor in steadfast the industry's economic growth and financial health. As IoT is quickly growing as the next phase of the Internet's development, it's becoming more necessary than ever to understand the several prospective domains for IoT operations. Since the previous few decades, technology has played an increasingly important role in our daily lives. As IOT is developed, industries can increase productivity and data collection efficiency. In order to improve production demographics this project aims to count the multiple products which are counted by IR sensor using IR interruption concept and Microcontroller is used here to keep track of a huge number of items and display on a LCD display as well as upload the data on web via Node MCU (IOT Module)
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2,297
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Please write an abstract with title: Load-Balancing Routing Algorithm Against Inter-Satellite Link Congestion in LEO Satellite Optical Networks, and key words: Satellites, Low earth orbit satellites, Bandwidth, Optical fiber networks, Throughput, Routing, Proposals. Abstract: A novel load-balancing routing algorithm based on satellite-ground cooperation is proposed to reduce the impact of inter-satellite link congestion in LEO satellite optical networks. Simulations prove that our proposal can significantly improve the network throughput. © 2022 The Author(s)
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2,298
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Please write an abstract with title: ML-KELM: A Kernel Extreme Learning Machine Scheme for Multi-Label Classification of Real Time Data Stream in SIoT, and key words: Kernel, Training, Extreme learning machines, Internet of Things, Prediction algorithms, Matrix decomposition, Periodic structures. Abstract: Social Internet of Things is the fusion carrier of social network and Internet of Things. In the social Internet of Things, millions of different intelligent objects connect and communicate with each other, and social data emerge rapidly, which puts forward higher requirements for the rapid dissemination of valuable information. As an important means of information retrieval, the research and application of multi-label classification technology in social Internet of Things environment is relatively few. Characterized by multi-labels cognitive learning, fast response, concept drifting and huge solution space, the multi-label learning becomes more complicated under data stream environment. To overcome the problems above, this paper proposed a multi-label algorithm based on kernel extreme learning machine. In the training phase, both Cholesky matrix decomposition inverse method and matrix block method were deployed on the Spark platform to solve the inverse problem of large matrix, thus improving the modeling efficiency. In addition, incremental learning of the model was realized from the two aspects of example increment and class increment. The online sequential extreme learning machine is improved to adjust the network weights and realize incremental updating of input dimension. Meanwhile, the output layer nodes were divided and assembled in the way of “concept group,” which made the single classifier model structure scalable. And the label incremental learning is realized in the output dimension. Experimental results on large-scale datasets and practical datasets under stream environment demonstrate that the proposed method provides an efficient solution to multi-label classification.
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2,299
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Please write an abstract with title: Trapped field analysis in an HTS bulk with a crack using 3D finite element method, and key words: High temperature superconductors, Finite element methods, Current distribution, Current density, Magnetic analysis, Superconducting magnets, Energy storage, Maxwell equations, Bean model, Temperature distribution. Abstract: The trapped field variation of a high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk before and after a crack happens, which was impossible to simulate using 2D analysis method, was calculated in this paper. 3D finite element method (FEM) and iteration method were used to find screening current distribution inside an HTS bulk. In 3D analysis of an HTS bulk with a crack, calculated current distribution inside an HTS bulk should obey the equation of current continuity. For this purpose, /spl nabla//spl phi/ variable was set to satisfy the equation of current continuity, which was impossible to be considered directly by the FEM governing equation using critical state model. Also, boundary condition at the surface of an HTS bulk was applied to consider the equation of current continuity. Simulation results were compared with experimental ones to verify the validity of the suggested simulation method.
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