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Please write an abstract with title: Reliability Analysis of Concurrent Data based on Botnet Modeling, and key words: Performance evaluation, Analytical models, Botnet, Computational modeling, Computer network reliability, Time series analysis, Telecommunication traffic. Abstract: Reliability analysis of concurrent data based on Botnet modeling is conducted in this paper. At present, the detection methods for botnets are mainly focused on two aspects. The first type requires the monitoring of high-privilege systems, which will bring certain security risks to the terminal. The second type is to identify botnets by identifying spam or spam, which is not targeted. By introducing multi-dimensional permutation entropy, the impact of permutation entropy on the permutation entropy is calculated based on the data communicated between zombies, describing the complexity of the network traffic time series, and the clustering variance method can effectively solve the difficulty of the detection. This paper is organized based on the data complex structure analysis. The experimental results show acceptable performance.
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2,101
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Please write an abstract with title: Smart Ambulance with IOT and Periodic Data Analysis, and key words: Temperature sensors, Cloud computing, Hospitals, Roads, Fingerprint recognition, Sensors, Telecommunication computing. Abstract: With increased traffic on the road, the ambulance faces a difficult challenge in getting the patient to the hospital on time, which results in patient loss due to heavy blood loss, decreased pulse rate, and other factors, all of which contribute to death. The reality is that tens of thousands of people die every year because ambulances take too long to respond to an emergency. This study presents a solution based on the IOT, a new technology that is rapidly gaining traction. Ambulance is facilitated with biomedical sensors such as heartbeat rate sensors, temperature sensors, and pulse sensors that can feel and track the injured person's health conditions and send that information to a nearby hospital server. There is also a fingerprint scanner that takes the injured person's fingerprint and sends it to the hospital server, which searches the cloud for the injured person's fingerprint and retrieves the person's private information before automatically registering the patient's admission form.
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2,102
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Please write an abstract with title: Deterministic Model Fitting by Local-Neighbor Preservation and Global-Residual Optimization, and key words: Data models, Computational modeling, Analytical models, Optimization, Approximation algorithms, Computer vision, Task analysis. Abstract: Geometric model fitting has been widely used in many computer vision tasks. However, it remains as a challenging task when handing multiple-structural data contaminated by noises and outliers. Most previous work on model fitting cannot guarantee the consistency of their solutions due to their randomness, precluding them from many real-world applications. In this research, we propose a fast two-view approximately deterministic model fitting scheme (called LGF), to provide consistent solutions for multiple-structural data. The proposed LGF scheme starts from defining preference function by preserving local neighborhood relationship, and then adopts the min-hash technique to roughly sample subsets. By this way, it is able to cover all model instances in data in the parameter space with a high probability. After that, LGF refines the previous sampled subsets by global-residual optimization. Furthermore, we propose a simple yet effective model selection framework to estimate the number and the parameters of model instances in data. Extensive experiments on real images show that the proposed LGF scheme is able to observe superior or very competitive performance on both accuracy and speed over several state-of-the-art model fitting methods.
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2,103
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Please write an abstract with title: Learning Barrier Functions With Memory for Robust Safe Navigation, and key words: Robots, Training, Safety, Navigation, Collision avoidance, Sensors, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: Control barrier functions are widely used to enforce safety properties in robot motion planning and control. However, the problem of constructing barrier functions online and synthesizing safe controllers that can deal with the associated uncertainty has received little attention. This letter investigates safe navigation in unknown environments, using on-board range sensing to construct control barrier functions online. To represent different objects in the environment, we use the distance measurements to train neural network approximations of the signed distance functions incrementally with replay memory. This allows us to formulate a novel robust control barrier safety constraint which takes into account the error in the estimated distance fields and its gradient. Our formulation leads to a second-order cone program, enabling safe and stable control synthesis in a prior unknown environments.
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2,104
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Please write an abstract with title: A Global Comparison of Contamination in Populated Estuaries and Coastal Waters, and key words: Contamination, Sea measurements, Water pollution, Oceans, Ecosystems, Marine pollution, Sediments, Humans, Protection, Storms. Abstract: Many areas of the world ocean which are subject to contaminant inputs from man's waste discharges have been the subject of intensive pollution studies during the last decade. In the United States, the New York Bight Project of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has been the largest of such marine ecosystem studies. This paper is a brief summary of a study which compared the available information concerning contamination and its effects on the New York Bight and on other coastal areas throughout the world (Segar and Davis, in press). These comparisons reveal that problems in many regions of the coastal ocean are quite similar, that nutrient-induced eutrophication and organic loading of sediments in areas with insufficent dispersal of inputs are the most widespread and serious problems, and that inputs of toxic trace metals and synthetic organics to the ocean have had no significant impact on human health or the marine environment, except in a few extreme cases in very small areas of the coastal ocean environment.
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2,105
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Please write an abstract with title: SOI 2D photonic crystals for microphotonic integrated circuits, and key words: Photonic crystals, Photonic integrated circuits, Propagation losses, Fabrication, Silicon on insulator technology, Microelectronics, Loss measurement, Integrated circuit measurements, Coupling circuits, Optical coupling. Abstract: We review recent achievements in fabrication of silicon-on-insulator 2D photonic crystals compatible with microelectronics processing will be reported. We first address the problem of radiation and propagation losses by quantitative measurements of transmission spectra for various designs of photonic crystal waveguides. In optimized structures record low propagation losses of 20 dB/cm are reported. Next we show the way to effectively couple the light from the fiber to high index microphotonic circuits and photonic crystals by proper design of mode converter and butt-coupler.
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2,106
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Please write an abstract with title: Improved Binarization Algorithm of DM Code Image under Complex Illumination, and key words: Image segmentation, Adaptation models, Codes, Sensitivity, Computational modeling, Lighting, Metals. Abstract: The DM (Data Matrix) two-dimensional barcode images collected on metal parts with complex lighting conditions are prone to low contrast and local shadow, and the problem of uneven brightness leads to the loss of two-dimensional barcode information, which brings difficulties to the subsequent processing. However, the existing binarization algorithms will have the problems of too much noise and long segmentation time when dealing with this kind of images. To solve these problems, an improved local threshold algorithm is proposed to improve the anti-noise performance and computational efficiency. First of all, the algorithm model is improved to reduce the sensitivity to noise, and then the integral image algorithm is used to speed up the calculation of the local mean. In addition, the gray value of the local central pixel and the local mean are used to adjust the threshold adaptively according to the gray change characteristics of each pixel neighborhood, so as to further improve the segmentation efficiency. The improved local threshold algorithm and other five algorithms are tested on images with complex illumination conditions. The results show that the improved local threshold algorithm can not only effectively overcome the influence of complex illumination, has a good anti-noise effect, but also greatly shorten the time of image segmentation.
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2,107
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Please write an abstract with title: A Taxonomy of Various Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Education, and key words: Support vector machines, Machine learning algorithms, Shape, Education, Neural networks, Taxonomy, Market research. Abstract: Increasing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has changed its shape and scope in different branches of the education sector. AI is going to add new features instead of changing the whole traditional system in education. This paper mentions the role of AI technologies, applications and its benefits in education. AI is involved in various education branches and improving the learning style. Contribution of AI in education sector, comparison of various machine learning algorithms like SVM classifiers, hidden Markov models, neural Networks and random forest etc has been discussed. Web-based and mobile-based applications are used commonly in education due to its easy and convenient features. Based on the consistency between Artificial Intelligence and education, analysis and relationship between the two, artificial intelligence is applied to education, which paves the way for the common development of the two.
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Please write an abstract with title: Detection of Rail Defects with Deep Learning Controlled Autonomous UAV, and key words: Rails, Image segmentation, Semantics, Transportation, Transforms, Inspection, Maintenance engineering. Abstract: With the widespread use of high-speed trains in recent years, rail transport has become a more comfortable and safe means of transportation. The safety and maintenance of railways are critical to safe travel. Conventional railway inspection systems are carried out by measuring train as well as manual control along the way. Human-based inspection systems are slow and measuring train-based inspection systems are expensive and occupy the line being inspected. In this study, a method is proposed for the control of the rail track with an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The proposed method uses the deep Hough transform method for autonomously moving on the rail. Unlike normal image processing-based techniques, this method does not need any preprocessing and parameter adjustment. After removing the rails from the obtained rail images, the rail defects are detected by semantic segmentation. The developed method was compared with those in the literature, and it was seen that better results were obtained.
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Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of Routing Protocol for Aircraft Ad Hoc Networks Communication, and key words: Wireless communication, Analytical models, Atmospheric modeling, Packet loss, Routing, Routing protocols, Software. Abstract: In order to evaluate the applicability of existing routing protocols in Aircraft Ad Hoc networks, the NS-2 network simulation software was used to build the simulation scenario, and the routing protocol is simulated and analyzed. The random waypoint mobility model is selected, for the two types of routing protocols including table-driven routing and on-demand routing, the representative routing protocol, such as AODV, DSR, DSDV and OLSR are selected and simulated. Performance parameters such as end-to-end delay, packet loss rate and network load are compared and analyzed. The results show that for the high speed aircraft cluster communication, AODV protocol should be use when the energy and channel resource is sufficient. Otherwise, the DSR protocol is recommended.
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2,110
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Please write an abstract with title: A Survey on MAC Protocol Approaches for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks, and key words: Media Access Protocol, Sensors, Bandwidth, Delays, Wireless sensor networks, Energy consumption, Acoustic waves. Abstract: Since communications in the Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have limited resources and capabilities, designing an efficient and reliable Media Access Control (MAC) protocol for UWSNs faces many challenges. UWSNs have limited bandwidth, power, memory, long propagation delay, high Bit Error Rate (BER), and unreliable communication. Current MAC protocols that have been designed for Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks (TWSNs) are not suitable for UWSNs. While the software-based mechanisms promise many benefits to TWSN, few proposal designs introduced MAC protocols based on software-based mechanisms for UWSNs. The software-based approach is a flexible one that helps to change system parameters of all layers with no need for additional hardware. In this article, we focus on presenting a survey of the state of the art of the recent development of MAC protocols for UWSNs from recent literature followed by a discussion of the characteristics and limitations of each MAC protocol. This article also evaluates the channel transmission and compares the performance of four different MAC protocol approaches to identify the most suitable one for the underwater oil/gas pipelines application in terms of end-to-end delay, energy consumption, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), the total number of collisions, and throughput using different network loads.
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2,111
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Please write an abstract with title: Simulating Systems-of-Systems With Agent-Based Modeling: A Systematic Literature Review, and key words: Tools, Systematics, Protocols, Bibliographies, Agent-based modeling, Analytical models. Abstract: In this article, we conduct a systematic review to investigate how agent-based modeling (ABM) techniques have been applied for simulating systems-of-systems (SoS) domains. We understand that modeling and simulating SoS is a hard task and must be conducted by techniques (e.g., ABM) that represent the behavior of agents and the operation of an SoS to overpass this complexity. We evaluate the most utilized models, approaches, and tools. We also investigate how accurate are the SoS simulations performed by this technique and which are the most investigated problems. As a result, we identify which tools and approaches have been utilized to investigate the behavior of SoS.
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2,112
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Please write an abstract with title: Statistical analysis of a spectral estimator for ARMA processes, and key words: Statistical analysis, Parameter estimation, Frequency estimation, Nonlinear equations, Sampling methods, Stochastic processes, Estimation error, Automatic control. Abstract: We derive the asymptotic variances of a spectral estimator for autoregressive moving average (ARMA) processes, proposed independently by Kinkel, Tokumaru, and Kaveh. The property of the variances is rather different from that of the well-known autoregressive spectral estimator.
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Please write an abstract with title: Shedding new light on Zadeh's criticism of Dempster's rule of combination, and key words: Computer science, Mathematics, Measurement uncertainty, Bayesian methods. Abstract: Shortly after proposing Dempster's rule of combination as a general aggregation rule for evidence from independent sources, Zadeh formulated an annoying example for which Dempster's rule seemed to produce counter-intuitive results. Since then, many authors have used Zadeh's example either to criticize Demster-Shafer theory as a whole, or as a motivation for constructing alternative combination rules. This paper shows that the counter-intuition of Zadeh's example is not a problem of Dempster's rule, but a problem of Zadeh's model that does not correspond to reality. Two different ways to fix the problem will be discussed, showing that Dempster's rule of combination perfectly behaves, as one would expect.
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2,114
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Please write an abstract with title: Scientific Workflow Scheduling Based on Data Transformation Graph for Remote Sensing Application, and key words: Costs, Quality of service, Data transfer, Scheduling, Data models, Task analysis, Remote sensing. Abstract: As the amount of data and computation of workflow applications continue to grow, the inter-cloud environment provide with a great amount of computing resources to respond to the increasing demand, but how to effectively map workflow sub tasks to cloud service providers for better QoS(quality of service) performance is a question. Remote sensing applications have massive data, frequent and large data transfers across the cloud could cause huge performance bottlenecks, will seriously affect the result of QoS such as makespan and cost. By using DTG(data transformation graph) model to study the data transmission process of global drought monitoring application, an optimized scientific workflow scheduling based on genetic algorithm is proposed for inter-cloud environment, experimental results show that this method can significantly optimize makespan and cost for data-intensive applications like remote sensing application and can effectively reduce the impact of performance bottlenecks.
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2,115
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Please write an abstract with title: Kinematic design of a six-DOF parallel-kinematics Machine with decoupled-motion architecture, and key words: Kinematics, Leg, Manipulators, Machining, Assembly, Legged locomotion, Manufacturing, Mechatronics, Prototypes, Robots. Abstract: The design of a new six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) parallel-kinematics machine (PKM) has been proposed. Different from the conventional Stewart-Gough platform which has six extensible legs, the new PKM employs three identical RPRS legs to support the moving platform. Since all joint axes, excluding the three spherical joints at the leg ends, are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the base plane, this 6-DOF PKM presents a promising platform structure with decoupled-motion architecture (DMA) such that translation in a horizontal plane and rotation about a vertical axis are driven by the three active revolute joints, while translation in the vertical direction and rotation about horizontal axes are driven by the three active prismatic joints. As a result, this 6-DOF 3RPRS PKM with DMA has simple kinematics, large cylindrical reachable workspace, and high stiffness in the vertical direction. These features make it appropriate for light machining and heavy parts assembly tasks. Because of the DMA, a projection technique is employed for its kinematics analysis. By projecting the manipulator onto horizontal directions and vertical planes, the kinematics issues such as the displacement, singularity, and workspace analysis are significantly simplified.
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Please write an abstract with title: Korean Drama Scene Transcript Dataset for Emotion Recognition in Conversations, and key words: Emotion recognition, Oral communication, Annotations, Motion pictures, TV, Image analysis, Context modeling. Abstract: Understanding emotions in conversation is a challenging task, as the sentences often have an implied meaning that is not generally understood in isolation. Efficient use of contextual information is essential for emotion recognition in conversations. Many published datasets provide contextual information for situations such as text-based online messaging, chatbots, and movie dialogues. However, such dialogue-based datasets are collected by selecting ideal conversational situations and thus do not include many variations in dialogue length and number of participants. Therefore, such datasets may not be applicable for emotion recognition in text-based movie transcripts, where scenes contain variations in the number of speakers and length of spoken sentences. We present a conversation dataset based on the Korean television show transcripts to analyze the emotions in presence of scene context. The Korean Drama Scene Transcript dataset for Emotion Recognition (KD-EmoR) is a text-based conversation dataset. We analyze three classes of complex emotions: euphoria, dysphoria, and neutral, in the scenes of a television drama to build a publicly available dataset for further research. We developed a context-aware deep learning model to classify emotions using the speaker-level context and scene context and achieved an F1-score of 0.63 on the proposed dataset.
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2,117
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Please write an abstract with title: Resilience in multi-robot target tracking through reconfiguration, and key words: Robot sensing systems, Target tracking, Covariance matrices, Kalman filters, Robot kinematics. Abstract: We address the problem of maintaining resource availability in a networked multi-robot system performing distributed target tracking. In our model, robots are equipped with sensing and computational resources enabling them to track a target's position using a Distributed Kalman Filter (DKF). We use the trace of each robot's sensor measurement noise covariance matrix as a measure of sensing quality. When a robot's sensing quality deteriorates, the systems communication graph is modified by adding edges such that the robot with deteriorating sensor quality may share information with other robots to improve the team's target tracking ability. This computation is performed centrally and is designed to work without a large change in the number of active communication links. We propose two mixed integer semi-definite programming formulations (an `agent-centric' strategy and a `team-centric' strategy) to achieve this goal. We implement both formulations and a greedy strategy in simulation and show that the team-centric strategy outperforms the agent-centric and greedy strategies.
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2,118
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Please write an abstract with title: Minimizing packet loss by optimizing OSPF weights using online simulation, and key words: Telecommunication traffic, Traffic control, Computational modeling, Routing, Network topology, Tellurium, Costs, Protocols, Telecommunication network topology, Analytical models. Abstract: In this paper, we present a scheme for minimizing packet loss in OSPF networks by optimizing link weights using online simulation. We have chosen packet loss rate in the network as the optimization metric as it is a good indicator of congestion and impacts the performance of the underlying applications. We have formulated packet loss rate in the network in terms of the link parameters, such as bandwidth and buffer space, and the parameters of the traffic demands. A GI/M/1/K queuing model has been used to compute the packet drop probability on a given link. The problem of optimizing OSPF weights is known to be NP-hard even for the case of a linear objective function Bernard Fortz and Mikkel Thorup (2000), We use online simulation (OLS) framework T. Ye et al. (2001) to search for a good link weight setting and as a tool for automatic network management. OLS uses fast, scalable recursive random search (RRS) algorithm to search the parameter space. Our results demonstrate that the RRS takes 50-90% fewer function evaluations as compared to the local search heuristic Bernard Fortz and Mikkel Thorup (2000) of to find a "good" link weight setting. The amount of improvement depends on the network topology, traffic conditions and optimization metric. We have simulated the proposed OSPF optimization scheme using ns and our results demonstrate improvements of the order of 30-60% in the total packet drop rate for the traffic and topologies considered.
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2,119
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Please write an abstract with title: Power electronic drive circuit for DC motor with addition of energy, and key words: Shafts, Torque, Windings, Force, High-voltage techniques, Pulse width modulation, DC motors. Abstract: In this article an analysis of experimental results obtained from the study of a driver circuit for pulse control of a DC motor with the addition of energy in control pulses is made. A comparative analysis with control by conventional method is made. The results of realized research are shown in tabular and graphical form. Oscillograms of the change in current consumed by two control drivers are shown, as well as oscillograms of applied voltage and current through the armature winding of the motor. An analysis of the obtained experimental results was made.
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2,120
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Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of Solar Energy Photovoltaic Conversion, and key words: Photovoltaic cells, Solar energy, Solar panels, Real-time systems, Semiconductor diodes. Abstract: Renewable energy sources, namely, the energy of the sun, wind, water, etc., are of great importance in solving electricity needs. The main source of energy on the earth is the sun. At present, solar energy is one of the most promising directions in the development of renewable energy sources. For the efficient use of solar energy it is necessary to have an opportunity to predict its power under the influence of various factors. The task of modeling the photovoltaic conversion of solar energy is particularly relevant in connection with the trend of a gradual transition to renewable energy sources. Solar panel of the Mitsubishi PV-MLE255HD type in the software and hardware system of the real-time “RTDS” is simulated in the article. The model was developed using basic equations of photovoltaic solar cells which take into account the effects of solar radiation and temperature drops.
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Please write an abstract with title: Construction and Application of public Building Virtual Generator Based on Multiple Nonlinear Regression, and key words: Electric potential, Power demand, Temperature, Buildings, Central air conditioning, Generators, Regulation. Abstract: As the main power consumption system of public buildings, central air-conditioning can be constructed as a virtual generator unit to participate in the operation of power system because of its flexible and adjustable characteristics. There are many electrical devices in the central air conditioning system, and the coupling relationship between the subsystems is complex. It is difficult to express the functional relationship between the adjustable power and various environmental parameters, which makes it difficult to construct the output model of the virtual generator. Based on this, this paper analyses the operation principle of central air-conditioning, and uses multiple nonlinear regression method to construct the virtual unit based on historical meteorological information and power consumption data. The results show that under the premise of meeting the accuracy requirements, the expression of the virtual generator can effectively analyze its regulation potential under different outdoor temperatures and the temperature consumption characteristics of the virtual generator.
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2,122
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Please write an abstract with title: Q-switched and Mode-locked 3.5 µm Fiber Laser, and key words: Frequency modulation, Laser mode locking, Electrooptic modulators, Lasers and electrooptics, Erbium-doped fiber lasers, Erbium. Abstract: We report on a tunable mid-infrared erbium fiber laser mode-locked via frequency shifted-feedback provided by an acousto-optic tunable filter. Q-switched pulses were produced when the driving frequency of the acousto-optic tunable filter was square-wave modulated.
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2,123
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Please write an abstract with title: The haptic profile: capturing the feel of switches, and key words: Haptic interfaces, Switches, Humans, Force measurement, Vehicle dynamics, Automotive engineering, Design engineering, Prototypes, Position measurement, Acceleration. Abstract: The "feel" of a switch depends not only on the dynamics of the switch itself, but also on the motion and dynamics of the human hand that actuates it. We have measured dynamic quantities during human actuation of a switch. We present a graphical representation technique called the "haptic profile" which emphasizes aspects of the feel of a switch as it is actuated, while minimizing the variability due to human actuation. When designing new switches, it is important to have the ability to specify, measure, and then verify the haptic properties of a switch. In order to do so, quantitative measures are required; qualitative descriptors of the haptic experience are insufficient. In this paper, we discuss the motivation and an apparatus for collecting the necessary haptic data.
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2,124
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Please write an abstract with title: Eye-To-Eye: Towards Visualizing Eye Gaze Data, and key words: Heating systems, Image color analysis, Data visualization, Videos. Abstract: The work in this paper introduces a platform that is able to visualize eye gaze data. The platform introduces two different directions or algorithms. The first is for videos with heat-map to convert the heat map data into raw numbers. The algorithm takes the video containing the heat map and cuts it into frames. In each frame, it locates the position of the heat-map by searching for the specific colour values and then displaying the position of heat-map in each frame. The algorithm also calculates the fixation points and how long each fixation was for the entirety of the video. The second algorithm is to do the opposite of the first and that is by converting the raw data of eye-movement to a heat map. We are also providing visualization platform for eye-tracking data.
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2,125
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Please write an abstract with title: Advanced Data Processing for Monitoring the Explosiveness of Combustible Gas Mixtures, and key words: Heating systems, Wireless sensor networks, Pulse measurements, Hydrogen, Hydrocarbons, Data processing, Infrared sensors. Abstract: In this paper, a methodology for assessing the explosiveness of hydrocarbon gases combined with hydrogen is proposed. The methodology is based on the measurement of heat released during gas mixture burning in the catalytic sensor. A multi-stage heating profile with different duration and voltage amplitude was developed to divide the catalytic sensor response for hydrogen and hydrocarbons in the mixture. The advanced data processing of experimental data was used to calculate the heat released. The methodology does not require the identification of the gas, their quantity and concentration.
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2,126
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Please write an abstract with title: A low-power-consumption VCSEL driver IC for 10 Gb/s direct modulation using InGaP/GaAs HBT, and key words: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Gallium arsenide, Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Driver circuits, Optical design, Bipolar integrated circuits, Fiber lasers, Laser beam cutting, Surface emitting lasers, Diodes. Abstract: We designed a 10 Gb/s driver IC for direct modulation of VCSEL (vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser) diodes, using InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor technology with a cut-off frequency of 45 GHz and an emitter area of 6 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. The fiber launched optical output signal of the VCSEL driven by the fabricated driver IC exhibits rise/fall times of 54.3/68.6 psec and a controllable extinction ratio at a 3.3 V supply voltage with 250 mV/sub pp/ input data sequence. The driver IC consumes a small power of 65 mW as well.
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2,127
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Please write an abstract with title: Obtaining isothermal data for HBT, and key words: Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Scattering parameters. Abstract: A new measurement method to obtain isothermal electrical characteristics is presented. Heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) dc and S-parameter measurements are performed for different chuck temperatures. Knowing the thermal impedance of the device, all the isothermal dc and ac data can be determined. The effectiveness of the method is highlighted by comparing the results with a pulsed measurement system. This new method can be applied with standard measurement equipment.
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2,128
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Please write an abstract with title: Symbol Error Rate based approach to explore the best location for central node placement in On-body WBAN, and key words: Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Error analysis, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Modulation, Body area networks, Real-time systems. Abstract: Reliability is one of the critical aspects of a Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) and is highly application dependent, especially for medical purposes, which involve real time monitoring of the vital physiological parameters. This paper provides a framework for computation of the best location for central node sensor in a WBAN. Two possible locations for central node that have been considered are chest (C) and right hip (RH). Symbol Error Rate (SER) performance of M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) has been analyzed for varying modulation size, transmission power and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for both the scenarios and results have been compared to identify the most preferable position for the central node. Numerical computation reveals that M-QAM can achieve lower SER for central node located at right hip compared to chest for the considered scenarios.
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2,129
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Please write an abstract with title: A Tunable Macro-Modeling Method for Signal Transition in mm-Wave Flip-Chip Technology, and key words: Solid modeling, Transmission lines, Three-dimensional displays, Integrated circuit interconnections, Insertion loss, Tools, Flip-chip devices. Abstract: In this work, a method for developing a lumped-element circuit macro-modeling of micro/millimeter-wave flip-chip ball interconnects is proposed. The developed macro-model considers the effects of the transmission-line behavior of interconnects as well as the substrate physical characteristics of the chip and the printed circuit board (PCB). Full-wave simulations are used to generate the circuit model for a ground-signal-ground (GSG) bump structure. The derived highly efficient circuit model is verified against a full-wave simulation tool, proving a good agreement. Using the proposed modeling method, the impact of the flip-chip technology package on the electrical performance of high-speed electronic systems can be investigated in the pre-layout design stages that provides room for significant improvements.
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2,130
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Please write an abstract with title: A new FISH Signals Fusion Detection approach for diagnosing Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, and key words: Fish, Image color analysis, Image segmentation, Cancer, Blood. Abstract: Cancer is consider one of the worst disease in the modern era which cause a huge number of deaths each year world wide. It is generated due to the abnormal growth of attacking enormous number of cells to the human body cells that white blood cells can't defend for the human body. Regionally, the number of death as a consequence of the cancer is increasing and affect the growing economies badly. Medical imaging is a technique that visualize the inside of the human body using computerized device. Usually, manipulating the problems of medical imaging using image processing techniques. Leukemia is cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer that causes the body to produce a large number of white blood cells. In this research, FISH (Florescent In Situ Hybridization) images is the key factor of detecting abnormalities in genes. FISH usually used for detecting abnormality in chromosomes and DNA features. CML also can be detected using FISH. CML diagnosis depends on the detection of fused Red and Green signals. Our approach first detects FISH signals, their colors, and then fusion between these colors. Moreover, number of fusions need to be counted in order to specify the proper treatment as the number of fusion is important in defining the severity of the case. We prepared our dataset for our own experiment and publish it online for research usage. Our approach experimental accuracy achieved 98% which prove the efficiency of the approach when compared to similar research.
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2,131
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Please write an abstract with title: Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning Approach for Lithium-Ion Battery Surface Defects Classification Using an Improved Siamese Network, and key words: Task analysis, Measurement, Three-dimensional displays, Lithium-ion batteries, Deep learning, Transfer learning, Training. Abstract: It is difficult to detect the surface defects of a lithium battery with an aluminum/steel shell. The reflectivity, lack of 3D information on the battery surface, and the shortage of many datasets make the 2D detection method hard to apply in this field. In this paper, a cross-domain few-shot learning (FSL) approach for lithium-ion battery defect classification using an improved siamese network (BSR-SNet) is proposed. To obtain the critical 3D surface of the lithium-ion battery, a multiexposure-based structured light method is utilized. Then, the heights of the 3D cloud points are transferred to grayscale information and are saved as 8-bit 2D images. For the FSL task, the DAGM 2007 datasets are used as the source domain to pre-train the improved siamese model. To avoid negative mitigation in the target domain, batch spectral regularization (BSR) is added as a penalizer in the loss function. The accuracies of the experimental results are 93.3% for 10-shot batteries and 91.0% for 5-shot batteries, which means that our method can be used to classify the surface defects of lithium batteries well.
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2,132
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Please write an abstract with title: Real-Time Identification of Exotic Modulated Radar Signals for Electronic Intelligence Systems, and key words: Frequency modulation, Chirp modulation, Radar, Market research, Real-time systems, Frequency measurement, Time-domain analysis. Abstract: In the modern battle field, due to proliferation of the similar radars growing demand for specific emitter identification. To identify these radars uniquely in real-time is a challenge to understand the deployment pattern. Present ELINT systems are required to decipher the exotic modulations on a pulse to pulse basis to achieve specific emitter identification of military radars. In this paper, instantaneous frequency profile is used to measure the exotic modulation and their parameter which includes linear frequency modulation (LFM) with bi-phase modulation (BPM) and stepped frequency modulation (SFM) with BPM along with other modulations. These modulation measurements contribute in de-interleaving of signals. The proposed algorithm is simulated in Matlab and results are verified with different signal-to-noise ratios. This algorithm is also implemented on FPGA to demonstrate real-time performance.
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2,133
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Please write an abstract with title: Significance of the Higher-order Modes to the Near-field Calculation of the Spherical Helix Antennas, and key words: Wireless communication, Q-factor, Helical antennas, Harmonic analysis, Current distribution. Abstract: The radiation characteristics of spherical helix antennas (SHAs) such as the Q factor and the radiation efficiency were analyzed by both numerical [1] and analytical [2] method such as the vector spherical harmonics (VSH). The VSH enables one to derive theoretical results. However, previous study with the VSH were restricted to the current distribution of the lowest TM and/or TE modes on the whole spherical surface. The effect of the higher-order modes was, thus, ignored in the conventional theoretical model. In this summary, the significance of the higher-order modes is demonstrated by calculating the near-electric field of the SHA with the VSH.
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Please write an abstract with title: Energy-Efficient Time Series Analysis Using Transprecision Computing, and key words: Time series analysis, Indexes, Standards, Energy consumption, Field programmable gate arrays, Covariance matrices, Buildings. Abstract: Time series analysis is a key step in monitoring and predicting events over time in domains such as epidemiology, genomics, medicine, seismology, speech recognition, and economics. Matrix Profile has been recently proposed as a promising technique to perform time series analysis. For each subsequence, the matrix profile provides the most similar neighbour in the time series. This computation requires a huge amount of floating-point (FP) operations, which are a major contributor (approximately 50%) to the energy consumption in modern computing platforms. Transprecision Computing has recently emerged as a promising approach to improve energy efficiency and performance by tolerating some loss of precision in FP operations. In this work, we study how the matrix profile parallel algorithms benefit from transprecision computing using a recently proposed transprecision FPU. This FPU is intended to be integrated on embedded devices as part of RISC-V processors, FPGAs or ASICs to perform energy-efficient time series analysis. To this end, we propose an accuracy metric to compare the results with the double precision matrix profile. We use this metric to explore a wide range of exponent and mantissa combinations for a variety of datasets, as well as a mixed precision and a vectorized approach. Our analysis reveals that the energy consumption is reduced up to 3.3x compared with double precision approaches, while only slightly affecting the accuracy.
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2,135
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Please write an abstract with title: Equivalent Circuit-Based Coupling Modeling of Double Bond Ribbons Interconnection Variation in Electronic Packaging, and key words: Integrated circuit interconnections, Couplings, Integrated circuit modeling, Equivalent circuits, Microwave circuits, Microstrip, Conductors. Abstract: A method for modeling the interconnection and signal transmission performance of double bond ribbons with configuration variation has been proposed. Arc interval function parameterization has been used to define the geometry of bond ribbons. The coupling model was created using the equivalent circuit approach, taking into account the mutual coupling between two ribbons. The average relative error of return loss is 9.21%, and the average relative error of insertion loss is 0.23%. The accuracy of the model has been verified, and the envelope interval of the signal transmission performance considering the variation of the interconnection configuration has been calculated.
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of a non-data-aided differential-QAM modem for real-time speech communication: a software-defined-radio PC-based approach, and key words: Modems, Oral communication, Speech, Acoustic testing, Software testing, System testing, Computer languages, Delta modulation, Passband, Degradation. Abstract: In this paper, a non-data-aided differential-QAM (NDA-DQAM) system is proposed to solve the phase ambiguity problem which arises in continuous speech transmission. Moreover, the system design and test are done by the software-defined radio (SDR) approach which is based only on the PC soundcard and Matlabreg software for a minimum-cost implementation of the NDA-DQAM system. In so doing, first, the speech signal is converted into bit stream by the adaptive delta modulation. Then using two differential angles mapped by Gray-coded dibits, a passband 16-DQAM waveform can be generated. It is shown that the 16-DQAM system incurs only about 0.5-dB performance degradation as compared to the coherent 16-QAM system. With the SDR approach, all the system parameters and TX/RX algorithms are embodied in high-level Matlab programs. A free-running T/2-spaced receiver structure is especially used with interpolation-based timing recovery and Costas carrier synchronization. Finally, experimental results are included to show how real-time speech transmission can be readily achieved. Hence this paper also suggest an efficient and cost-effective approach to teach a design-oriented communication lab course
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2,137
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Please write an abstract with title: Detecting and Analyzing Wafer Bump Voids with X-Ray Inspection, and key words: X-ray detection, X-ray detectors, Manufacturing, Electronic components, Optical materials, Probes, Automatic optical inspection, Assembly, Customer satisfaction, Costs. Abstract: Many different inspection systems are available to manufacturers of electronic components. But new inspection challenges are pushing - and in many cases exceeding - the limits of conventional inspection tools, such as wafer probes and automated optical inspection systems. A more capable alternative is X-ray technology, which can penetrate substrate materials to expose hidden features in electronic assemblies. Equipped with this cutting-edge tool for detecting material flaws and component defects, manufacturers can improve product quality and increase customer satisfaction, while also reducing costs and increasing manufacturing efficiency. This paper discusses X-ray inspection systems and their importance in failure analysis and process control of electronic components. Besides describing basic X-ray technology, the paper looks at a number of recent developments in X-ray systems and shows how these developments improve the inspection of TCs, PCBs, packages, and wafer bumps
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2,138
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Please write an abstract with title: Asynchronous operation of hydrogenerator calculation verification by tests on old hydrogenerator in power plant, and key words: Power generation, Synchronous generators, Saturation magnetization, Mathematical model, Circuit testing, Rotors, Stators, Automatic testing, Magnetic field measurement, Voltage. Abstract: The extended testing of hydrogenerator (rated 35 MVA) was made because the generators working age expired and it was going to be replaced with new one. This was the perfect opportunity to do some specific and not usual testing. The complicated testing plan was designed in order to enable recording as much relevant data as possible (electrical, electromechanical, mechanical). Therefore in some phases of testing, 29 to 44 quantities were measured simultaneously. Further, the results of measuring and simulation for asynchronous operation of synchronous generator are shown.
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2,139
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Please write an abstract with title: A PSO-based fine-tuning algorithm for CNN, and key words: Codes, Training data, Classification algorithms, Convolutional neural networks, Proposals, Particle swarm optimization, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: With the continuous development of artificial intelligence, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been successfully applied to solve the classification problems. However, with a small sample data set that has large-scale of data features, CNN may have poor classification performances. With this concern, we focus on the classification problem with CNN on small sample data sets and a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based algorithm for fine-tuning CNN is proposed. This algorithm considers the gradient direction to directly optimize weights of CNN, and can help CNN stepping out of stagnation effectively with less training data. Experimental results under a real world data set show the advantage of our proposal, in terms of minimized loss and maximized accuracy. The code is available at https://github.com/luohaoyan/CS-GA-W-PSO
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2,140
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and Stiffness Analysis of a Cable-Driven Continuum Manipulator, and key words: Analytical models, Service robots, Mechanical cables, Kinematics, Manipulators, Skeleton, Reliability. Abstract: Compared with traditional rigid link manipulators, cable-driven continuum manipulators have many advantages, such as lightweight mechanical structure, large reachable work-space, high dexterity, and high maneuverability. It is especially suitable to the applications requiring high maneuverability over complex and confined spaces. In this paper, the end stiffness of a cable driven continuum manipulator is modeled and its influencing factors are analyzed. The flexible backbone is used as the support of the manipulator, and the deformation of the flexible support skeleton is precisely controlled by the piecewise drive scheme. Through the analysis, it can be seen that the main factor affecting the stiffness of the manipulator is the joint variable of the module, so we get two kinds of stiffness control schemes for the manipulator.
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2,141
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Please write an abstract with title: Cooperative motion control of multiple robot arms or fingers, and key words: Motion control, Robots, Manipulators, Fingers, Master-slave, Control systems, Arm, Robust stability, Lyapunov method, Humans. Abstract: A new cooperative motion control scheme for multiple robot arms or fingers is proposed, which is derived from the analogy of a bilateral control for teleoperation of a system of master and slave robots. A group of some robot arms (or fingers) are moved in cooperation with the master ones. It is shown that a Lyapunov method gives rise to an assurence of the asymptotic.
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2,142
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Please write an abstract with title: Assignment Presentation Framework for CS1 Programming Problems, and key words: Visualization, Bibliographies, Conferences, Collaboration, Computer science education, Problem-solving, Interviews. Abstract: A Computer Science programming assignment is a core assessment tool used by educators to measure students' understanding of programming concepts. A well-structured programming assignment can assist students in comprehending a problem and help them develop problem-solving skills. This research focuses on the presentation of well-structured programming assignments to help with students' understanding of the problem, supporting educators in the development of these assignments. To create well-structured programming assignments, we performed a literature review to identify design treatments that help students better understand introductory programming (CS1) assignments. An illustration study was then used to test the assignments from the identified design treatments. The illustration study collected students' perspectives on how the design treatments improved the understanding of the assignment design. From this work, we developed a framework from the identified design treatments. The results for the illustration study showed the design treatments helped students identify the problem's requirements and realise what is required to solve the problem. Though our work was examined within the CS1 context, our findings may be useful to similar assignment contexts, such as helping students identify requirements for solving problems.
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2,143
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) RF coils by using the method of moments, and key words: Magnetic resonance imaging, Radio frequency, Coils, Moment methods, Magnetic sensors, Q factor, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Magnetostatic waves, Electromagnetic modeling, Electromagnetic radiation. Abstract: A method of moments (MoM) technique is employed to design RF coils for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. In particular, a full wave simulator has been usefully applied to determine the principal characteristics of the antennas used for this kind of application, i.e. the resonant modes, the Q factor and the uniformity of the magnetic field radiated by the sensor. Indeed, with increasing operating frequency, magnetostatic models are no longer valid and more sophisticated electromagnetic tools are needed. Some examples relevant to the design of different kind of birdcage coils are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
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2,144
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Please write an abstract with title: The use of power definitions and correlation in the identification of nonlinear loads for the purposes of revenue, and key words: Reactive power, Power system harmonics, Voltage, Total harmonic distortion, Harmonic distortion, Distortion measurement, Power measurement, Linearity, Computational modeling, Costs. Abstract: This article examines some of the methods currently used to quantify power distortion, specifically, total harmonic distortion, power factor and harmonic adjusted power factor. These values are computed for a nonlinear load based on simulated and measured data, after which they are compared to the values obtained from the IEEE Working Group Definitions of Power. It is shown that while these definitions can be used to a certain extent to quantify a disturbance, identification of the load is not always possible, as the values obtained for the various power components can to a large extent be influenced by loads parallel to the primary load. This article shows further that it could be possible to identify loads contributing to the voltage distortion at the point of common coupling by means of correlation.
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2,145
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Please write an abstract with title: The semantic challenge for situation assessments, and key words: Ontologies, Logic, Fuses, Command and control systems, Australia, Constraint theory, Engines, Databases, Petroleum, Laboratories. Abstract: In relation to situation assessments in a deconstructed JDL model, one confronts the question, "What symbols should be used and how do those symbols acquire meaning?"-previously termed "the semantic challenge" for information fusion. The paper shows how meaning can be assigned to symbols by formal theories with logics because they constrain the number of possible interpretations of those symbols. Implemented examples are discussed involving ontologies, inference engines and agents. Concerning what symbols to use, the paper describes experimentation with a conceptually large military scenario. Two implementations are discussed. The first concerns an ontology and agents for semantically fusing legacy databases. The second concerns agents that receive queries through an agent grid and semantically fuse information to reply to the queries.
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2,146
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic seeding of tissue-engineered vascular grafts in a novel perfusion bioreactor system, and key words: Bioreactors, Muscles, Chemical technology, Surgery, Blood vessels, Reproducibility of results, Bovine, Sugar, Biomedical engineering, Chemical engineering. Abstract: As tissue-engineered small caliber vascular grafts become a viable solution for coronary bypass surgery, scale-up bioprocessing issues will become important. This study implements the use of a novel perfusion bioreactor system for the development of tissue-engineered blood vessel substitutes. Preliminary results indicate uniform seeding, matrix deposition and 5-fold increase in cell number within 4 days. One week seeding of 3 scaffolds in a 3-module bioreactor unit resulted in uniform cell distribution and constructs with similar cell proliferation rates. This bioreactor system looks therefore promising for the dynamic seeding of multiple constructs in the same biochemical and mechanical environment.
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2,147
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Please write an abstract with title: Dielectric Transfer Process for 3D Printed Metal Microsystems, and key words: Metals, Three-dimensional displays, Fabrication, Substrates, Powders, Micromechanical devices, Dielectrics. Abstract: This paper deals with the fabrication and unconstrained dielectric transfer of 3D printed metal components demonstrated using an electrostatic micro switch. The use of micro laser sintering (MLS) to print micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) enables a new MEMS fabrication capability able to bypass conventional high-cost fabrication processes for low-volume prototypes. To demonstrate the above mentioned technology, this paper presents the fabrication of a one-piece 3D printed metal component consisting of electrodes and sacrificial metal frames from bronze powder. A method to transfer this component onto the target substrate, removal of sacrificial metal frame for electrical isolation, electrostatic device actuation, and characterization of the dielectric isolation are presented in detail.
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2,148
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Please write an abstract with title: The evolution of Army wearable computers, and key words: Wearable computers, Military computing, Prototypes, Computer displays, Global Positioning System, Application software, Process design, Protection, History, Computer architecture. Abstract: In 1989, the US Army envisioned a small wearable computer to assist soldiers with battlefield tasks. The concept has since grown from preliminary prototypes and a demonstration Soldier's Computer into the current Land Warrior program and proposals for future systems.
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2,149
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Please write an abstract with title: Autonomous Test System for CAN-based Automotive Instrument Cluster, and key words: Instruments, Protocols, Pins, Testing, Wiring, Automotive engineering, Manuals. Abstract: Automotive Instrument cluster (AIC) is an important electronic instrumentation device on a vehicle that relays the current condition of the vehicle in all aspects to the driver. Therefore, it should be tested during development and engineering process to ensure that there is no error occur after it is installed on the vehicle. This project will focus on building an autonomous test system (ATS) for controller area network (CAN)-based AIC. Each of the AIC component is controlled by sending a CAN message with the appropriate CAN Identifier (ID) and data. The test system will follow a series of instruction written in Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to send certain CAN messages in a sequence. The designed ATS will have two modes which are autonomous mode and manual mode. An inspection list is designed for each of the modes so that users can understand the operation of the ATS. A graphical user interface (GUI) is designed for human-machine interaction (HMI) to suit for test engineer convenience. The output of the generated responses were observed and verified with the encoded test instructions sent in CAN messages from ATS. The AIC also responses appropriately with the manipulation of the designed GUI. The developed ATS have shown a promising result in the pursuit to create an automated test system for CAN-based AIC which requires minimal human supervision.
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2,150
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Please write an abstract with title: Heuristics for the transition from analysis to software architecture, and key words: Software architecture. Abstract: To our knowledge, no current software development methodology explicitly describes how to transit between the different development stages it proposes. This is more evident in the transition from the analysis stage to the software architecture of the application. This paper presents the first semiautomatic method to derive the software architecture of a system from its analysis. The proposal is a set of heuristics that, when applied to the analysis artifacts, generate the software architecture of the application. This proposal has several benefits: (1) the software architecture of the system is directly derived by applying the heuristics; (2) there is a direct trace relationship between the analysis artifacts and the elements of the resulting architecture, which eases the system maintenance.
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2,151
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Please write an abstract with title: Mining biomedical texts based on statistical method and association rules, and key words: Statistical analysis, Databases, Semantics, Data science, Biomedical measurement, Feature extraction, Data mining. Abstract: Relation extraction in biomedical texts intends to uncover interactive features about concepts from these texts. This paper focuses on the extraction of relations between diseases and treatments. For this purpose, an approach combining association rules mining, and a statistical method, TFIDF is proposed. We suggest an extension of Apriori, the most popular algorithm used in association rules mining. The novel algorithm Apriori-TFID generates all frequent item sets. Nonetheless, pruning the infrequent item sets is performed according to the support, and the TFIDF weight. The algorithm is implemented and integrated on the platform Weka. The evaluations show, that the algorithm Apriori-TFID outperforms the ancient Apriori algorithm.
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2,152
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Please write an abstract with title: Ku-band Waveguide Slot Filtering Antenna Based on Metallic-Nail Metamaterial, and key words: Microwave antennas, Satellite antennas, Slot antennas, Filtering, Transmitting antennas, Rectangular waveguides, Gain. Abstract: A waveguide slot filtering antenna is studied for Ku-band satellite communications in this paper. In order to improve the signal isolation and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal at 12.25-12.75 GHz, it is necessary to filter the transmitted signal at 14-14.5 GHz. Therefore, unlike traditional waveguide slot antennas, a metallic-nail metamaterial is used to embed at the bottom of the inside waveguide. Thus, a bandgap that cannot propagate electromagnetic waves is obtained. To validate the effectiveness of the antennas, numerical simulation results are presented. Sufficient radiation and significant radiation suppression are achieved at the receiving frequencies and transmitting frequencies, respectively. The studied 8-slot antenna has a gain suppression effect of 14.45-31.8 dB at the transmitting frequency.
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2,153
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Please write an abstract with title: UV Phototransistors-Based Upon Spray Coated and Sputter Deposited ZnO TFTs, and key words: Zinc oxide, II-VI semiconductor materials, Temperature measurement, Thin film transistors, Surface treatment, Sensors, Temperature dependence. Abstract: A comparison of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) phototransistors prepared by spray and sputter coating process is presented. The work shows that spray coated layers provide significant advantages in sensor response over ZnO phototransistors made by physical vapour deposition and we show that spray deposited ZnO phototransistors can exhibit state-of-the-art performances for UV photodetectors. Topographic images of the samples surface shows that there is increase in surface roughness in spray coated samples indicating increasing grain sizes, which is considered the source of the greater sensor responsivity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is also used to understand the root cause of the greater UV responsivity. It was observed that sprayed ZnO TFTs are more sensitive to UV radiation due to higher adsorption of oxygen level. Responsivity and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the sprayed and sputtered ZnO TFTs are also evaluated.
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2,154
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Please write an abstract with title: A kinematic and kinetic biomechanical model for baseball pitching and its use in the examination and comparison of flat-ground and mound pitching: a preliminary report, and key words: Kinematics, Kinetic theory, Shoulder, Elbow, Acceleration, Orthopedic surgery, Extremities, Motion analysis, Educational institutions, Biomedical engineering. Abstract: Baseball pitching activity is extremely skilled and complex. During the pitching motion, the lower extremities, trunk, and upper extremities work together to propel a ball forward at speeds of up to 44.7 m/s. However, during this time, the involved arm is forced through a broad range of motion where segment accelerations and muscles produce large, and often damaging, forces and torques on the elbow and shoulder. It has been reported that baseball pitchers often experience increased joint and muscle soreness when throwing off a mound compared to flat ground. However, the kinematic and kinetic differences between flat-ground and mound pitching has not been quantified. In this pilot study, an eight-camera high-speed motion system and biomechanical analysis method is presented for acquisition and analysis of shoulder and elbow kinematic and kinetic differences during flat-ground and mound baseball pitching. A kinematic and kinetic comparison of flat-ground and mound pitching may provide insight into the physiological benefits of pitching from flat ground, while maintaining the mechanical integrity of the pitcher's mound throwing motion.
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2,155
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Please write an abstract with title: Internet of Things Based Smart Environment: Threat Analysis, Open Issues, and a Way Forward to Future, and key words: Authentication, Complexity theory, Internet of Things, Cryptography, Surges, Informatics, Standards. Abstract: Security is a key concern in the Internet of Things Based Smart Environment research. The data generated by smart IoT devices must be dealt with securely. Nowadays with the growing number of smart IoT devices, current systems and security standards cannot guarantee that they will operate successfully in all scenarios. This paper gives a detailed overview of Issues and a way forward to the future related to the IoT Based Smart Environment because of the fast surge of IoT devices users, as well as the variety and complexity of these items and their networks, authentication has become a difficult problem. Other restrictions, such as limited processing capabilities, and restricted storage as well as power in some cases on some of the small embedded devices, make it difficult to execute complicated cryptographic algorithms.
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2,156
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Please write an abstract with title: ECG Signal Compression based on Wavelet Parameterization and Thresholding using PSO, and key words: Electrocardiography, Wavelet coefficients, Encoding, Finite impulse response filters, Filter banks, Discrete wavelet transforms. Abstract: This paper presents an electrocardiogram (ECG) compression algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). This technique uses PSO to find the optimal values of wavelet design parameters and threshold levels for ECG compression. In this method, ECG signal is segmented into different sub-bands to obtain the wavelet coefficients. Then, threshold values for each sub- band are selected using PSO. The coefficients with value below the threshold level are left, and the significant coefficients are encoded using modified run length encoding. The performance measures used in this paper are quality score (QS), compression ratio (CR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and percentage root-mean-square difference (PRD). This method is capable of providing higher compression ratio with minimum distortion in ECG signal. Compression ratio obtained using this algorithm is 28.43 at PRD=2.63.
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2,157
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Please write an abstract with title: 3D Art Pattern Modeling Algorithm Design Based on Neural Network Technology, and key words: Training, Computers, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Art, Computational modeling, Neural networks. Abstract: With the invention and popularization of computers, the rapid growth of network speed and computing power has profoundly affected and changed people's production and life styles. Among them, the influence of 3D technology is the most prominent. Image 3D modeling technology is currently one of the main research directions in the field of image processing. This article mainly studies how to extract 3D information from images, the latest image 3D modeling method based on neural networks. Finally, this article reproduces the 3D art pattern reconstruction algorithm based on a single image from multiple angles. The experiment is based on the Matlab platform, and the image data and training network come from the computer vision course of Carnegie Mellon University. Experimental results show that the algorithm can generate accurate 2D image depth maps, and relatively complete reconstruction of the 3D model of the image.
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2,158
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Please write an abstract with title: A neural architecture for fast and robust face detection, and key words: Robustness, Face detection, Humans, Layout, Neural networks, Face recognition, Pattern recognition, Image recognition, Pixel, Data preprocessing. Abstract: In this paper, we present a connectionist approach for detecting and precisely localizing semi-frontal human faces in complex images, making no assumption about the content or the lighting conditions of the scene, or about the size or the appearance of the faces. We propose a convolutional neural network architecture designed to recognize strongly variable face patterns directly from pixel images with no preprocessing, by automatically synthesizing its own set of feature extractors from a large training set of faces. We present in details the optimized design of our architecture, our learning strategy and the resulting process of face detection. We also provide experimental results to demonstrate the robustness of our approach and its capability to precisely detect extremely variable faces in uncontrolled environments.
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2,159
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Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear-Nonquadratic Optimal and Inverse Optimal Control for Discrete-Time Stochastic Dynamical Systems, and key words: Asymptotic stability, Costs, Regulators, Stochastic systems, Stability criteria, Optimal control, Steady-state. Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the role of Lyapunov functions in evaluating nonlinear-nonquadratic cost functionals for Itô-type controlled nonlinear stochastic difference equations. Specifically, it is shown that the cost functional can be evaluated in closed-form as long as the cost functional is related in a specific way to an underlying Lyapunov function that guarantees closed-loop asymptotic stability in probability. More specifically, a stochastic optimal control framework is developed by exploiting connections between stochastic Lyapunov theory and stochastic Bellman theory. In particular, we show that asymptotic and geometric stability in probability of the closed-loop nonlinear system is guaranteed by means of a Lyapunov function that can clearly be seen to be the solution to the steady state form of the stochastic Bellman equation, and hence, guaranteeing both stochastic stability and optimality.
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2,160
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Please write an abstract with title: Routing Protocol Design for Directional and Buffer-limited Terahertz Communication Networks, and key words: Routing protocols, Routing, Relays, Receivers, Network topology, Communication networks, Wireless communication. Abstract: Terahertz (THz) band (0.1-10 THz) communication is envisioned as a potential key wireless technology to satisfy the need for much higher wireless data rates. THz-band communication supports a huge bandwidth. However, this advantage comes at the cost of a very high propagation loss. Thus, highly directional antennas (DAs) are simultaneously utilized in both transmission and reception to establish communication links beyond several meters. The application of highly DAs introduces many challenges for multi-hop routing. Among others, the best routing path dynamically changes since the directional communication links are periodically on and off, as determined by the DAs' current directions. Another challenge for routing protocol design comes from the limited memory or buffer size of THz devices, which is filled quickly when concurrent Terabit-per-second (Tbps) transmissions are handled. The buffer will be easily blocked by a locally stored packet that keeps waiting for the availability of the “best” route. This issue becomes even worse in directional networks, where such route may not be available shortly, and severely affects the network performance. In this paper, an adaptive routing protocol for highly dynamic buffer-limited directional THz communication networks is developed. A simulation framework is developed to study the iterations and updates between network performance and the choice made by each node. Extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate the improvements of our proposed routing protocol.
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2,161
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Please write an abstract with title: 3D Sonar on Mars, and key words: Earth, Temperature sensors, Space vehicles, Mars, Three-dimensional displays, Atmospheric modeling, Sonar. Abstract: In the last decades our never-ending desire for space exploration has grown exponentially. In this endeavour, one of the major points of interest is the red planet Mars. To autonomously navigate the Martian terrains a combination of optical sensors (LiDAR, Camera) are used in the latest NASA Perseverance Rover. However, the harsh Martian climate and dust storms can significantly impair the accuracy of these sensors due to their use of light as a medium. By utilising a 3D sonar sensor, which is not affected by bad visibility, we can attempt to reduce navigation issues. However, because of the many differences between the Earth and Mars (e.g. temperature, atmospheric pressure…), a degradation in performance can be expected for the 3D sonar sensor in comparison to its performance on Earth. We developed a simulation which can give us an estimate of the performance differences between a 3D sonar on Earth and one on Mars. This simulation is then used to asses performance in different realistic scenarios, like high winds and component failure. A Martian sonar would have reduced range compared to its terrestrial counterpart, but we believe it to be a worthwhile addition to current Mars rover's navigation methods.
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2,162
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Please write an abstract with title: Controllability results of Fractional Non-instantaneous Impulsive Semilinear Differential Inclusions with Infinite delay, and key words: Controllability, Barium, Information technology, Delays, Engines, Fractional calculus. Abstract: In the content of this paper, we will talk over the controllability results for an active type of impulsive fractional semilinear differential inclusions with non-instantaneous impulses and infinite delay by means of caputo fractional derivative. To establish our principal results we give some sufficient hypotheses, we use the Known facts about multivalued map and fractional calculus, and we employing the different techniques of fixed point theorem.
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2,163
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Please write an abstract with title: A Spectral Clustering-Based Community Detection Algorithm for RDF Graphs, and key words: Resource description framework, Semantics, Knowledge based systems, Ontologies, Detection algorithms, Databases. Abstract: Community detection is a widely explored research area in complex networks. Communities are a set of components with highly intra-community similarities and little inter-community similarities. Detecting community structure in complex directed and labeled graphs is an inter-disciplinary research area with great importance in real-world knowledge domains. This paper provides a precise description of a new complex directed and labeled graph, termed as Resource Description Framework (RDF) Graph. These graphs are solely based on specific semantic web knowledge bases. Furthermore, we propose a new community detection algorithm based on spectral clustering, termed as RDF-SCA, to detect patterns and communities in RDF Graphs. Finally, we present findings obtained from firing an RDF graph using our proposed RDF-SCA community detection algorithm.
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2,164
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Please write an abstract with title: Selection of multicriteria decision analysis methods for electrification projects in rural Sub-Sahara Africa – A case study in Niger, and key words: Economics, Africa, Analytic hierarchy process, Decision analysis, Sustainable development, Standards, Optimization. Abstract: Electrification of rural areas is seen as an important step to reach sustainable development goals (SDG) in Sub-Sahara Africa to support the worldwide holistic equality by an independent and higher technical life standard. This project supports the electrification of rural areas in Niger by the establishment of a standardized decentralized energy concept by optimization of an imminent decentralized energy system (DES) by a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) in terms of energetic, economic, environmental, and social aspects. This concept will motivate private and public investors to fund upcoming DES. The proposed method is a combination of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for structuring and weighting the elements and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to rank the predefined alternatives and to find the most suitable alternative from the set of alternatives in consideration of fuzzy numbers for uncertain input data. Both introduced methods are commonly used in energy studies.
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2,165
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Please write an abstract with title: Virtual Array Plane Wave Imaging, and key words: Phased arrays, Ultrasonic imaging, Surface waves, Focusing, Graphics processing units, Hardware, Acoustics. Abstract: The Plane Wave Imaging (PWI) method, originally developed for medical images, was extended in various works for its use in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). In this field the most frequent scenario presents the difficulty of refraction at the surface of the test piece, which must be accounted for the calculation of focal laws. Search algorithms are used for these calculations. The virtual array concept was proposed by the authors in previous works for Phased Array (PA) to reduce the number of computations. It was also applied to the Total Focusing Phased Array (TFPA) imaging method. The objective of this work is to apply the virtual array concept to PWI.
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2,166
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Please write an abstract with title: Parasitic effects in PM machines with concentrated windings, and key words: Machine windings, Servomotors, Magnetic field measurement, Costs, Rotors, Magnetic noise, Topology, Magnetic analysis, Torque measurement, Prototypes. Abstract: PM machines using concentrated windings are gaining in popularity at the expense of distributed windings in various applications, mainly due to cost savings. The result is an increased amount of parasitic effects like ripple torque, alternating magnetic fields in the rotor, unbalanced radial forces and magnetic noise. This paper describes the reasons for the parasitic effects, which machine topologies that are especially sensitive and suggests measures in order to reduce their importance. Both traditional and modular concentrated windings are analyzed, as well as double layers and single layer windings. Measurements on a prototype motor and three commercial servomotors have demonstrated that modular motors are favorable regarding ripple torque minimization.
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2,167
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Please write an abstract with title: Automated SiC MOSFET Power Module Switching Characterization Test Platform, and key words: MOSFET, Semiconductor device measurement, Power measurement, Silicon carbide, Multichip modules, Switches, Software. Abstract: To address the problems of large test error and low efficiency in switching characterization test of wide-bandgap (WBG) power semiconductor devices, an automated high accuracy switching performance test platform for SiC MOSFET power module is proposed. This paper focuses on optimizing the design of hardware and software which can efficiently, accurately and safely obtain switching characteristics parameters of SiC MOSFET power module by double pulse test (DPT), as well as short-circuit test and body diode reverse recovery test to acquire more comprehensive switching behaviors of the devices under test (DUT). Real-time test results can be achieved. The multi-process test is serial, and the test data can be compared and managed using a database system. The design principles are experimentally verified by testing the Cree 1.2kV SiC MOSFET power module.
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2,168
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Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Nano-doping on the Interface Charge Characteristics of SIR/XLPE Composite Insulation, and key words: Insulation, Polyethylene, Power cables, Nanocomposites, Power cable insulation, Space charge, Conductivity. Abstract: In the accessories of the HVDC cables, cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) as the main insulation and silicone rubber (SIR) as the accessory insulation form a composite insulation structure. Due to the mismatch of the conductivity and permittivity of the two materials, interface charges will accumulate and affect the electrical properties of the composite insulation under DC voltage. Nano-doping of SIR is one of the means to improve its electrical properties. This paper compares the space charge distribution of the composite insulation composed of nano-TiO2 doped SIR and XLPE and the composite insulation composed of pure SIR and XLPE under different DC electric fields. The experiment results show that nano-doping of SIR can reduce the accumulation of the interface charge in the composite insulation structure when the electric field strength is high, while the interface between pure SIR and XLPE accumulates more charges when electric field strength increases.
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2,169
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Please write an abstract with title: Extraction of multiple-bounce echoes in SAR image formation, and key words: Radar scattering, Reflection, Image reconstruction, Phase measurement, Image analysis, History, Algorithm design and analysis, Extraterrestrial measurements, Layout, Aging. Abstract: This analysis develops an innovative SAR image formation algorithm that separates direct-scatter echoes in an image from echoes that are the result of multiple bounces, and then maps each set of reflections to a metrically correct image space. Current processing schemes place the multiple-bounce (MB) echoes at incorrect (i.e., ghost) locations due to fundamental assumptions implicit in conventional processing. Two desired results are achieved by use of this new Image Reconstruction Algorithm for Multi-bounce Scattering (IRAMS). First, ghost returns are eliminated from the primary image space, thereby improving the relationship between the image pattern and the physical distribution of the scatterers. Second, a set of auxiliary "delay" image planes containing only MB echoes is created which possesses characteristic information about the scene being imaged. These auxiliary image planes offer the potential of improving target detection and identification capabilities.
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2,170
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Please write an abstract with title: Numerical Simulation of Parameters of Oscillatory Modes of an Oregonator under External Influence, and key words: Mathematical model, Perturbation methods, Stationary state, Dispersion, Industries, Chemicals, Biological system modeling. Abstract: The study of chemically active systems is given great scientific and practical importance, in particular, with the problem of the emergence and development of ordered structures in hydrodynamic, chemical, biochemical, ecological systems. A mathematical model of a chemically active system (oregonator) is presented, taking into account the diffusion of components and exposed to external influences. The transition to a system of partial differential equations for perturbations of the concentrations of components of a chemically active system is made. Algorithms for finding stationary states for different values of the stoichiometric coefficient, which is a bifurcation parameter of the system, as well as oscillatory modes of the oregonator are developed. The programs are written in Matlab. As a result of computational experiments, positive stationary solutions that meet the physical meaning of the model are identified. The stationary state of the chemically active system is unstable. Numerical simulation of the oscillatory modes of the oregonator was carried out in the framework of the system of differential equations for perturbations using the Runge-Kutta method, and the time for entering the oscillatory mode for different values of the stoichiometric coefficient was determined. Diffusive instability, which is a mechanism for the formation of spatial structures, is numerically studied. The external influence on the stationary state and oscillatory modes of the oregonator is also studied.
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2,171
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Please write an abstract with title: Keeping technology at bay in the classroom [technology invasion], and key words: Portable computers, Computer science education, Personal digital assistants, Engineering students, Engineering management, Remuneration, Reflection, Technology management, Educational technology, Wireless networks. Abstract: A New York Times article cited research that compared the types of issues facing teachers today with those of 50 or 60 years ago. The article concluded that today's teachers have to deal with a much less kinder and gentler group of students than in the past, probably a reflection of the less kind, less gentle society in which we live. For the most part, these types of problems are not yet overwhelming higher education classrooms in the way they seem to at lower levels of public education. But there is a new phenomenon that really is affecting classroom management in higher education, and that is the invasion of technology.
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2,172
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of a sea outfall discharge, and key words: Effluents, Wastewater treatment, Fault location, Cities and towns, Shafts, Water, Sea floor, Oceans, Geophysical measurements, Sea measurements. Abstract: A number of studies have been conducted to determine the impact of a sea outfall discharging primary treated effluent into the Mediterranean Sea. The outfall diffuser would be located from 6 to 10 Km offshore from the shoreline of Alexandria. Impact of the effluent discharge from the proposed outfall diffuser is of major concern to Alexandria. To determine the impact of the proposed discharge a number of potential discharge locations, at increasing distances from the shoreline were investigated. An optimum diffuser manifold was designed to obtain maximum initial dilution. To analyze near field initial dilutions and far field transport, mixing and bacterial die-off two different computer models were developed. The far field transient plume model provided concentration contours of fecal coliform bacteria. Results showed that it was feasible to build the outfall diffuser 8 to 10 Km from shoreline.
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2,173
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Please write an abstract with title: System Software for Resource Arbitration on Future Many- Architectures, and key words: Hardware, Computer architecture, Operating systems, Collaboration, Acceleration, Multiplexing, Prototypes. Abstract: Just like every ecosystem, the computing one is subject to permanent evolution. In this paper we identify three major challenges resulting from this evolution. Those challenges stem from the hardware and application layer likewise. For one, we entered the era of many-* hardware architectures, which poses new requirements to upper layers. And with the proliferation of the computing continuum (e.g., cloud-, fog- and edge-computing), applications become more demanding and dynamic: The system needs to be able to satisfy application-intrinsic requirements and counter application-extrinsic uncertainties. As part of our contribution we present the current and ongoing research topics of our system-software stack for future many-* architectures. We further present the various mechanisms and concepts we employ within our system-software and describe how the system-software collaborates with other layers to tackle those challenges. Those concepts include a fundamentally different execution model and control-flow abstraction, allowing for massive micro-parallelism to efficiently utilize the hardware. Since the system-software research is performed as part of a collaborative research centre, we are able to approach the challenges on all layers of the technology stack and verify our solutions on an FPGA-based prototype platform. This allows us to design mechanisms in collaboration with every layer of the technology stack, that, when put together, cooperate across layer boundaries.
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2,174
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Please write an abstract with title: Multicasting in ad hoc networks in the context of multiple channels and multiple interfaces, and key words: Ad hoc networks, Multicast protocols, Routing protocols, Fault tolerance, Graph theory, Mobile ad hoc networks, Computer networks, Distributed computing, Network topology, Nominations and elections. Abstract: Multicast routing protocols based on shared trees employ one or more rendezvous points (usually called cores) for coordination. To address fault tolerance in case of core failure, multiple cores can be deployed. The location of cores is crucial for the performance of the protocol. In this context, the problem of finding the location for the cores is similar to the (k, r)-predominating set problem, (k, r)-DS, in graph theory. That is, (k, r)-DS is defined as the problem of selecting a subset of nodes D such that the remaining nodes are within distance r from at least k nodes in D. In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), finding the location of cores should be computed distributively, because the topology may change frequently. We present a distributed solution to the (k, r)-DS problem, named DKR, which is used for core selection in a novel multicast protocol named core hierarchical election for multicasting in ad hoc networks (CHEMA). CHEMA is designed to operate in the context of multiple channels and multiple interfaces. One interface is dedicated for the communication among cores and members, using a non-interfering channel. The performance of CHEMA is compared against one of the best performing multicast protocols to date. CHEMA is shown to perform better in all scenarios considered
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2,175
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Please write an abstract with title: The role of image charges in solid electrolyte capacitors, and key words: Solids, Capacitors, Polarization, Electrodes, Transistors, Polyethylene, Capacitance, Hysteresis, Current measurement, Computer simulation. Abstract: Thin films of ion conducting polyethylene oxide (PEO) were prepared to produce plane parallel capacitance structures. The samples exhibit a Kohlrausch behaviour of the polarisation current in the long time range after application of an electrical field: j /spl prop/t/sup -/spl alpha//. This can be explained by image charges in the electrodes which attract the mobile ions. The attraction of charges influences the dynamic and the static properties of the system. These charges can be observed experimentally by a modified CV-measurement in the static case. The remanent polarisation in hysteresis measurements confirms the presence of these charges. To describe the experimental results a three-dimensional hopping model is developed. Computer simulations yield the attraction of ions to the electrodes due to the image charges as well as the experimentally determined t/sup -/spl alpha// currents.
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2,176
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Please write an abstract with title: Sub-THz Radio Communication Links From Research to Field Trial, and key words: Microwave measurement, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Transmitting antennas, Receiving antennas, Modulation, Microwave communication, Throughput. Abstract: This paper presents the technological challenges and the potential application scenarios of high-capacity radio communication links operating in the sub-THz frequency band. A field trial of a dual carrier and dual polarisation transceiver demonstrator operating at D-band from 130 GHz up to 170 GHz is presented. Results show that the module supports TX constellations up to 128-QAM with 2 GHz channel spacing. An unconventional architecture, enabling a flexible frequency division duplex (f-FDD) and in band full duplex (FD) approaches, based on two separated antennas to transmit and receive, is here nronosed and validated.
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2,177
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Please write an abstract with title: The program decoder for systems of transfer of the data on wireless channels of communication, and key words: Decoding, Wireless communication, Intersymbol interference, Equalizers, Microcontrollers, Speech, Modems, Data communication, Multi-stage noise shaping, Pulse shaping methods. Abstract: The algorithm of the program for microcontrollers, allowing to use them in compact and inexpensive systems of transfer of the data on wireless channels of communication is developed.
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2,178
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Please write an abstract with title: A Hierarchical Spatial-Test Attention Network for Explainable Multiple Wafer Bin Maps Classification, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Machine learning, Feature extraction, Convolutional neural networks, Task analysis, Context modeling, Manufacturing. Abstract: In the semiconductor manufacturing processes, a wafer bin map (WBM) represents electrical test results. In WBMs, defective dies often form specific local patterns; such patterns are usually caused by failure from specific processes or equipment. Thus, identifying the local patterns is crucial for finding the processes or equipment responsible for the fault. Various statistical and machine learning methods have been developed for WBM classification; however, most of the existing studies considered single WBMs. This study proposes an explainable neural network for multiple WBMs classification, named a hierarchical spatial-test attention network. Our method has a hierarchical structure that reflects the characteristics of multiple WBMs. The method has two levels of attention mechanisms to the spatial and test levels, allowing the model to attend to more and less important parts when classifying WBMs. Furthermore, we propose a spatial attention probability conveyance mechanism and test-level attention entropy penalty to improve the classification performance and interpretability of the proposed method. We applied our method on a real-world multiple WBMs dataset to demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of our method. The results confirmed that the proposed method could accurately classify defect patterns while correctly identifying defect patterns’ test and location.
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2,179
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Please write an abstract with title: Priorities among multiple queues for processor co-allocation in multicluster systems, and key words: Processor scheduling, Delay, Space technology, Information technology, Supercomputers, Grid computing, Dispersion, Acceleration, Computational modeling, Concurrent computing. Abstract: In systems consisting of multiple clusters of processors which employ space sharing for scheduling jobs, such as our Distributed ASCI Supercomputer (DAS), co-allocation, i.e., the simultaneous allocation of processors to single jobs in multiple clusters, may be required. In order to handle both single-cluster (local) jobs and multi-cluster (global) jobs, such systems may have only local schedulers (which then need to be aware of the whole system), or only a single global scheduler or both, and each scheduler has its own queue. We assess with simulations the response times of both local and global jobs in multicluster systems for different configurations of queues, for different priority orders in which the associated schedulers are allowed to schedule jobs, and for different job-stream compositions.
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2,180
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Please write an abstract with title: Fullband millimeter-wave Gunn-effect amplification, and key words: Gain, Circuits, Diodes, Frequency, Coaxial components, Broadband amplifiers, Microwave amplifiers, Circulators, Reflection, Microwave theory and techniques. Abstract: Wideband Gunn amplifiers covering the 18 to 26.5 GHz and 26.5 to 40 GHz waveguide bands will be described. Both amplifiers exhibit 10-15 dB gain and greater than 10 mW output at 1-dB compression.
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2,181
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Please write an abstract with title: Digital Labels: Influencing Consumers Trust and Raising Cybersecurity Awareness for Adopting Autonomous Vehicles, and key words: Privacy, Pollution, Fasteners, Road safety, Real-time systems, Reliability, Computer security. Abstract: Autonomous vehicles (AVs) offer a wide range of promising benefits by reducing traffic accidents, environmental pollution, traffic congestion and land usage etc. However, to reap the intended benefits of AVs, it is inevitable that this technology should be trusted and accepted by the public. The consumer’s substantial trust upon AVs will lead to its widespread adoption in the real-life. It is well understood that the preservation of strong security and privacy features influence a consumer’s trust on a product in a positive manner. In this paper, we introduce a novel concept of digital labels for AVs to increase consumers awareness and trust regarding the security level of their vehicle. We present an architecture called Cybersecurity Box (CSBox) that leverages digital labels to display and inform consumers and passengers about cybersecurity status of the AV in use. The introduction of cybersecurity digital labels on the dashboard of AVs would attempt to increase the trust level of consumers and passengers on this promising technology.
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2,182
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Please write an abstract with title: Rough surface wavelength measurement through self mixing of Doppler microwave backscatter, and key words: Surface waves, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness, Wavelength measurement, Backscatter, Doppler radar, Radar scattering, Velocity measurement, Radar measurements, Frequency. Abstract: A microwave backscatter technique is presented that has the ability to sense the dominant surface wavelength of a random rough surface. The purpose of this technique is to perform this measurement from an aircraft or spacecraft, wherein the horizontal velocity of the radar is an important parameter of the measurement system. Attention will be directed at water surface conditions for which a dominant wavelength can be defined, then the spatial variations of reflectivity will have a two dimensional spectrum that is sufficiently close to that of waves to be useful. The measurement concept is based on the relative motion between the water waves and a nadir looking radar, and the fact that while the instantaneous Doppler frequency at the receiver returned by any elementary group of scatterers on a water wave is monotonically changing, the difference in the Doppler frequency between any two scattering "patches" stays approximately constant as these waves travel parallel to the major axis of an elliptical antenna footprint. The results of a theoretical analysis and a laboratory experiment with a continuous wave (CW) radar that encompasses several of the largest waves in the illuminated area show how the structure in the Doppler spectrum of the backscattered signal is related to the surface spectrum and its parameters in an especially direct and simple way when an incoherent envelope detector is the receiver.
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2,183
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Please write an abstract with title: Identification Modeling Based on RBFNN for an Aerial Inertially Stabilized Platform, and key words: Adaptation models, Analytical models, Process control, Control systems, Real-time systems, System identification, Nonlinear dynamical systems. Abstract: Aiming at the serious influence of multi-source disturbances on the control precision of inertially stabilized platform (ISP), an accurate identification modeling method based on RBFNN for the ISP system is proposed. Since the ISP control system under the multi-source disturbances is a nonlinear, parameters uncertain, and time-varying system, the conventional modeling method cannot accurately describe the system characteristics. Therefore, more accurate modeling should be conducted. In the proposed modeling method, an off-line/on-line composite identification method is proposed to ensure the real-time performance in the dynamic adjustment process of the model, and the basis for the design of adaptive controller is designed. Besides, the simulation analysis and the experimental validation are performed and consistent conclusions are gotten.
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2,184
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Please write an abstract with title: Virtual sensors: using data mining techniques to efficiently estimate remote sensing spectra, and key words: Data mining, Remote sensing, Instruments, Sea measurements, Image resolution, Wavelength measurement, Kernel, Atmospheric modeling, MODIS, Sensor phenomena and characterization. Abstract: Various instruments are used to create images of the earth and other objects in the universe in a diverse set of wavelength bands with the aim of understanding natural phenomena. Sometimes these instruments are built in a phased approach, with additional measurement capabilities added in later phases. In other cases, technology may mature to the point that the instrument offers new measurement capabilities that were not planned in the original design of the instrument. In still other cases, high-resolution spectral measurements may be too costly to perform on a large sample, and therefore, lower resolution spectral instruments are used to take the majority of measurements. Many applied science questions that are relevant to the earth science remote sensing community require analysis of enormous amounts of data that were generated by instruments with disparate measurement capabilities. This work addresses this problem using virtual sensors: a method that uses models trained on spectrally rich (high spectral resolution) data to "fill in" unmeasured spectral channels in spectrally poor (low spectral resolution) data. The models we use Are multilayer perceptrons, support vector machines (SVMs) with radial basis function kernels, and SVMs with mixture density Mercer kernels. We demonstrate this method by using models trained on the high spectral resolution Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) instrument to estimate what the equivalent of the MODIS 1.6-/spl mu/m channel would be for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR/2) instrument. The scientific motivation for the simulation of the 1.6-/spl mu/m channel is to improve the ability of the AVHRR/2 sensor to detect clouds over snow and ice.
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2,185
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Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of Noise Spectrum and Radiated EMI in High Switching Frequency Flyback Converters, and key words: Integrated circuits, Buck converters, Switching frequency, Conferences, Electromagnetic interference, Power electronics, Clamps. Abstract: This paper investigates noise spectrums and radiated EMI in high-frequency gallium nitride (GaN) integrated circuit (IC)-based active clamp flyback (ACF) converters. Influential factors for the noise spectrums are investigated, including the switching frequency, dv/dt and waveform symmetry, voltage magnitude, duty cycle, etc. Moreover, in the radiated EMI frequency range, the relationship between spectrum valleys and dv/dt is analyzed. In the investigated GaN IC-based ACF, the voltage spectrums and radiated EMI with high line and low line input voltages are analyzed and investigated experimentally.
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2,186
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Please write an abstract with title: Assessment of random and systematic errors in millimeter wave dielectric measurement - open resonator system, Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, W-band spectrometer and broadband free-space measurements, and key words: Millimeter wave measurements, Dielectric measurements, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier transforms, Discrete Fourier transforms, Millimeter wave technology, Permittivity measurement, Frequency measurement, Length measurement, Loss measurement. Abstract: Assessment of random and systematic error is done on the real part of permittivity (/spl epsi/') and loss tangent tan /spl delta/) of ceramics and polymers such as alumina, polyethylene, polypropylene, Teflon and TPX at millimeter wave frequencies by comparing four different measurement systems namely the open resonator system (using both the cavity length and the frequency variation techniques), the Dispersive Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DFTS), the W-band spectrometer with Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO) and the broadband free-space measurement system. The data obtained from DFTS and W-band spectrometer were also compared over W-band frequencies (68-118 GHz) by generating /spl epsi/' and tan /spl delta/ plots of acrylic, fiberglass resin and nylon. Systematic error assessment of the data shows excellent agreement for /spl epsi/' of the specimens measured by the four systems. It is observed that /spl epsi/' of the specimens measured with DFTS and broadband free-space measurement system agree well with a standard deviation as highest as 0.009.
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2,187
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Please write an abstract with title: Comparison and Analysis between Different Versions of FXAA, and key words: Image quality, Visualization, Statistical analysis, Image edge detection, Research and development, Matlab. Abstract: FXAA is a significant algorithm to study image anti - aliasing algorithm. FXAA was introduced by Nvidia's Timothy Lottes in 2009 and has evolved over time to its current version, FXAA3.11. The idea behind FXAA's algorithm is simple: to do anti-aliasing in an image, you need to distinguish which pixels are aliased and which are not. Based on the causes and everyday experience of image jagging, we know that it usually occurs at the edges of objects that present a high contrast with the background. So FXAA algorithm is the core idea of just two points: edge decision algorithm and edge pixels of mixed factor calculation, because FXAA algorithm in the process of our development spawned many variant versions. Our paper will focus on analysis of the three versions. We also conduct both visualization and objective evaluation among different versions, from which we can find different versions of the FXAA about image quality and the performance of the algorithm.
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2,188
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Please write an abstract with title: A Proximity Based Community Detection in Temporal Graphs, and key words: Social network services, Detection algorithms, Image edge detection, Data mining, Instant messaging, Numerical models, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: With very fast global instant messaging services, communication networks of today are changing rapidly. To accurately represent such dynamic networks, a special type of a graph, known as temporal graph is indispensable. Majority of the community detection algorithms are designed for static graphs. So, an efficient conversion of temporal graphs to static graphs, while retaining important temporal information, enables the use of any standard community detection algorithm easily. This paper proposes a novel community detection method by constructing static graphs from temporal networks. The proposed method is validated through experiments. Results show that our technique leads to considerable runtime reduction upon dealing with large graphs comprise multiple community structures.
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2,189
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Please write an abstract with title: Moving Server: Follow-up Computation Offloading Paradigm for Vehicular Users, and key words: Wireless communication, Energy consumption, Simulation, Quality of service, Throughput, Servers, Task analysis. Abstract: With the emergence of ever-growing compute-intensive applications, geo-distributed cloud resources are deployed at the mobile edge and alleviate the resulting surging demand in communication and computation. For a high-velocity vehicular user, however, frequent handovers among wireless base stations and corresponding task migrations among edge servers can lead to throughput degradation, longer latency, and increased energy consumption. To tackle this issue, we design a novel follow-up computation offloading paradigm, where moving servers can provide extra computing resources and the deep Q-learning based computation offloading strategy will improve the quality of service. Our study provides insights into the following questions: Who is capable of being a moving server? How to offload to a moving server?, and Which server is the best choice? Furthermore, to resolve the conflict between the long convergence time of learning algorithm and high mobility of the vehicular user, we enhance the server selection scheme by incorporating the prior probability of the availability of each moving server. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and performance superiority of our proposed paradigm over the existing schemes.
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2,190
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Please write an abstract with title: 3D Talking Face With Personalized Pose Dynamics, and key words: Faces, Three-dimensional displays, Head, Shape, Solid modeling, Hidden Markov models, Dynamics. Abstract: Recently, we have witnessed a boom in applications for 3D talking face generation. However, most existing 3D face generation methods can only generate 3D faces with a static head pose, which is inconsistent with how humans perceive faces. Only a few articles focus on head pose generation, but even these ignore the attribute of personality. In this article, we propose a unified audio-driven approach to endow 3D talking faces with personalized pose dynamics. To achieve this goal, we establish an original person-specific dataset, providing corresponding head poses and face shapes for each video. Our framework is composed of two separate modules: PoseGAN and PGFace. Given an input audio, PoseGAN first produces a head pose sequence for the 3D head, and then, PGFace utilizes the audio and pose information to generate natural face models. With the combination of these two parts, a 3D talking head with dynamic head movement can be constructed. Experimental evidence indicates that our method can generate person-specific head pose sequences that are in sync with the input audio and that best match with the human experience of talking heads.
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2,191
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Please write an abstract with title: EMC directive & CE marking, and key words: Electromagnetic compatibility, Protection, Electronic equipment, Consumer electronics, Manufacturing, Environmental economics, Immune system, Home appliances, Communication industry, Electrical equipment industry. Abstract: This paper deals with basics of CE marking with special reference to EMC directive. It also makes an endeavour to highlight certain aspects of the new EMC directive under preparation.
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2,192
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Please write an abstract with title: Detection Of Hardware Trojan In Memristive Ternary CAM Circuits, and key words: Trojan horses, Memristors, Hardware, Delays, Power dissipation, Security, Switching circuits. Abstract: The continuous increase in the cost of chip fabrication compelled many organizations to out source the chip fabrication process to third-party companies. But this can be a serious threat to the reliability and the infalliability of the chip because malicious modifications can be made at any stage of the fabrication process. Changing the functionality of ICs or adding new hidden features to them is known as hardware Trojan. Hardware Trojan is very elusive to identification and as a result, the identification process becomes very tiresome and sometimes futile. Detecting multiple Trojans implanted into ICs becomes a colossal task and may impart the device useless. In this paper, we have incorporated different types of Trojans in memristor based NOR type Trenary CAM circuit and then the circuits are analyzed as to show how the circuits behave in presence of the Trojans. Then applying side-channel analysis different parameters are calculated and analyzed to identify the presence of the Trojan.
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2,193
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Please write an abstract with title: Nearest-Neighbor Gaussian Process to Downscale Solar Forecasting at the Grid-Edge for Increased Situational Awareness, and key words: Autocorrelated data, Bayesian modeling, electric resiliency, Likelihood evaluation, solar forecasting. Abstract: Accurate solar irradiance prediction is essential for energy-efficient building heating/cooling systems with rooftop solar panels. Planning electricity usage in the face of outages, such as those caused by natural disasters like hurricanes, is difficult in regions with high solar irradiance variability, like Puerto Rico. This project aims to design a computationally accelerated method to downscale nationally available climate data, particularly solar irradiance, to forecast microclimate data for buildings in western Puerto Rico. Downscaling links low-resolution climate models to local-scale data. This project uses spatiotemporal data from nearby weather stations and global weather forecasts to design highly accurate building-local models in Puerto Rico. Low-power sensors, local computing resources, and an empirical downscaling method are used to quantify the relationship between global and local data. An effective (and parallelizable) nearest neighbor Gaussian process (NNGP), accelerated by a graphics processing unit (GPU), is used to achieve this at the grid-edge. Models developed from local and global climate data, each for a different season in Puerto Rico, forecast solar irradiance given the location, time, and date, resulting in more accurate microclimate data. The applicability of NNGP to embedded computers was validated using an NVIDIA Jetson Nano.
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2,194
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Please write an abstract with title: Understanding and Improving Persistent Transactions on Optane™ DC Memory, and key words: Random access memory, Nonvolatile memory, Data structures, Instruction sets, Memory management, Power demand, Throughput. Abstract: Storing data structures in high-capacity byte-addressable persistent memory instead of DRAM or a storage device offers the opportunity to (1) reduce cost and power consumption compared with DRAM, (2) decrease the latency and CPU resources needed for an I/O operation compared with storage, and (3) allow for fast recovery as the data structure remains in memory after a machine failure. The first commercial offering in this space is Intel® Optane™ Direct Connect (Optane™ DC) Persistent Memory. Optane™ DC promises access time within a constant factor of DRAM, with larger capacity, lower energy consumption, and persistence. We present an experimental evaluation of persistent transactional memory performance, and explore how Optane™ DC durability domains affect the overall results. Given that neither of the two available durability domains can deliver performance competitive with DRAM, we introduce and emulate a new durability domain, called PDRAM, in which the memory controller tracks enough information (and has enough reserve power) to make DRAM behave like a persistent cache of Optane™ DC memory.In this paper we compare the performance of these durability domains on several configurations of five persistent transactional memory applications. We find a large throughput difference, which emphasizes the importance of choosing the best durability domain for each application and system. At the same time, our results confirm that recently published persistent transactional memory algorithms are able to scale, and that recent optimizations for these algorithms lead to strong performance, with speedups as high as 6× at 16 threads.
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2,195
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Please write an abstract with title: The NASA Micro Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET): Early Results from Development of Diurnal Climatologies, and key words: Laser radar, Clouds, NASA, Geoscience and remote sensing, Aerosols, Robots. Abstract: The NASA Micro Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) is a federated network of micro pulse lidar sites, mostly colocated with the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), providing information on the vertical properties of both aerosols and clouds. MPLNET began in 2000, and has grown to include ~80 sites worldwide. MPLNET data is collected continuously, offering the ability to examine diurnal changes in aerosol and cloud properties. To date, twelve sites have over 10 years of data and more will hit this milestone soon. Here we present early results from development of Level 3 monthly diurnal climatologies from MPLNET.
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2,196
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Please write an abstract with title: Multipath & Multi Packet Secured knowledge Transmission Victimization Energy state observance & Dynamic, and key words: Estimation, Games, Energy states, Cryptography, Standards, Wireless networks. Abstract: Recently, Wireless Mobile Networks (WMNs) square measure significantly created owing to the expansion of ease, wide offered remote cell phones. With the expanding kind of portable applications, similar to online life systems, GPS, cry, and so on, individuals' life has been indissoluble from cell phones that may get to the web at whenever and anyplace. Notwithstanding, inferable from the receptiveness normal for remote channels, it gets simpler for malevolent hubs to meddle the entrance system by change of state or molding demand messages.
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2,197
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Please write an abstract with title: A new decoder for spoken language translation based on confusion networks, and key words: Decoding, Natural languages, Automatic speech recognition, Surface-mount technology, Vocabulary, Acoustic transducers, Polynomials, Entropy. Abstract: A novel approach to spoken language translation is proposed, which more tightly integrates automatic speech recognition (ASR) and statistical machine translation (SMT). SMT is directly applied on an approximation of the word graph produced by the ASR system, namely a confusion network. The decoding algorithm extends a conventional phrase-based decoder in that it can process at once a large number of source sentence hypotheses contained in the confusion network. Experimental results are presented on a Spanish-English large vocabulary task, namely the translation of the European Parliament plenary sessions. With respect to a conventional SMT decoder processing N-best lists, a slight improvement in the BLEU score is reported as well as a significantly lower decoding time
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2,198
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Please write an abstract with title: A Frequency-Based Approach For Multi-Class Data Classification Problem, and key words: Data mining, Optimization, Iris, Classification algorithms, Machine learning, Ionosphere, Sonar. Abstract: Data classification is a process of categorizing data into various types or any other distinctive form. In this study, a new frequency-based method is proposed for data classification. This method splits the each attribute to intervals and calculates the frequency of the number of classes occurring in the interval of each attribute. The proposed method is tested on UCI benchmark test problems by 10-fold cross-validation method. The results have shown that the new method reaches to satisfactory solutions in a shorter time compared to the existing results. The better performance is observed in 9 of 11 datasets.
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2,199
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Please write an abstract with title: An Investigation Into Miniaturised Closed-Loop DBS Devices, and key words: Satellite broadcasting, Electrodes, Switching circuits, Sensors, Biomimetics, Artificial intelligence, Anodes. Abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an invasive neuromodulatory technique used for the treatment of individuals with neurological disorders. Open-loop DBS delivers fixed stimulation pulses while closed-loop DBS senses the state of disorder and delivers stimulation pulses optimized for the sensed state adaptively. This review focuses on current miniature closed-loop DBS devices. The latest progress in stimulation techniques and electrode configurations are discussed. We cover common circuit configurations used for stimulation and outline the latest methods for delivering rectangular and non-rectangular stimulation waveforms. Recent advances in feedback control for closing the loop in DBS are highlighted, as are cutting edge developments in artificial intelligence (AI) methods that analyse the sensed data to determine the state of disorder. Finally, we critically discuss present issues and future directions of miniaturized closed-loop DBS.
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