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Please write an abstract with title: High Phonon-Limited Mobility in Mono- and Bilayer Molybdenum Ditelluride, and key words: MONOS devices, Excitons, Stimulated emission, Optical coupling, Optical imaging, Phonons, Temperature dependence. Abstract: We extract phonon-limited mobilities of excitons, electrons and holes from the lineshape of the temperature-dependent photoemission of mono- and bilayer molybdenum ditelluride. We find the highest values so far reported for transition metal dichalcogenides.
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2,001
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Please write an abstract with title: Didactic Implementation of a Real-Time Biomonitoring Platform, and key words: Electrocardiography, Education, Monitoring, Hardware, Biomedical engineering, Electric variables measurement, Biomedical monitoring. Abstract: In the general context of COVID-19 teaching methods and techniques are directed to the virtual environment. While for courses this is not a major issue for laboratory practice is a big step back. In order to address this problem, we proposed a teaching methodology based on visual instructions that can help students develop the necessary practice skills while being in a safe environment.
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2,002
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Please write an abstract with title: Equivalent circuit for a multiplying D/A converter, and key words: Equivalent circuits, Voltage, Switches, Matrix converters, Switching circuits, Switching converters, Digital-analog conversion, Current measurement, Electrical resistance measurement, Measurement units. Abstract: A modification for the equivalent circuit of a multiplying digital-analog converter (DAC) is proposed. A matrix method for the determination of its output resistance is also presented.
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2,003
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Please write an abstract with title: Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Unknown Input Observers to Estimate Nonlinear Dynamics of Autonomous Ground Vehicles: Theory and Real-Time Verification, and key words: Observers, Estimation, Engines, Torque, Sensors, Vehicle dynamics, Real-time systems. Abstract: In this article, we address the simultaneous estimation problem of the lateral speed, the steering input, and the effective engine torque, which play a fundamental role in vehicle handling, stability control, and fault diagnosis of autonomous ground vehicles. Due to the involved longitudinal-lateral coupling dynamics and the presence of unknown inputs (UIs), a new nonlinear observer design technique is proposed to guarantee the asymptotic estimation performance. To this end, we make use of a specific Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy representation with nonlinear consequents to exactly model the nonlinear vehicle dynamics within a compact set of the vehicle state. This TS fuzzy modeling not only allows reducing significantly the real-time computational effort in estimating the vehicle variables but also enables an effective way to deal with unmeasured nonlinearities. Moreover, via a generalized Luenberger observer structure, the UI decoupling can be achieved without requiring a priori UI information. Using Lyapunov stability arguments, the UI observer design is reformulated as an optimization problem under linear matrix inequalities, which can be effectively solved with standard numerical solvers. The effectiveness of the proposed TS fuzzy UI observer design is demonstrated with real-time hardware-in-the-loop experiments.
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2,004
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Please write an abstract with title: Reinforcement Learning Methods on Optimization Problems of Natural Gas Pipeline Networks, and key words: Training, Analytical models, Smart cities, Pipelines, Reinforcement learning, Smart grids, Natural gas. Abstract: Traditional optimization methods of transport and distribution of natural gas pipeline networks have been widely used up to now with some problems in efficiency, cost, and flexibility, which are hard to be solved in the framework of traditional methods. In order to find the optimal solution in the constraints of each target of this optimization problem, this paper establishes a simulation model based on a part of a natural gas pipeline networks, and utilizes the reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to analyze the model. The challenge of sparse rewards will also be dealt with. Then the optimal strategy of transport and distribution of gas in this model is obtained with different demands and initial conditions. The parameters of the operation of the strategy can be displayed in the simulation model and its advantages can also be fully reflected. Therefore, the scheme proposed in this paper can be directly or indirectly applied to the practical natural gas transport process.
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2,005
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Please write an abstract with title: Gimbal-less monolithic silicon actuators for tip-tilt-piston micromirror applications, and key words: Silicon, Actuators, Micromirrors, High speed optical techniques, Resonant frequency, Optical devices, Optical beams, Transformers, Testing, Phased arrays. Abstract: In this paper, fully monolithic silicon optical scanners are demonstrated with large static optical beam deflection. The main advantage of the scanners is their high speed of operation for both axes: namely, the actuators allow static two-axis rotation in addition to pistoning of a micromirror without the need for gimbals or specialized isolation technologies. The basic device is actuated by four orthogonally arranged vertical comb-drive rotators etched in the device layer of an silicon-on-insulator wafer, which are coupled by mechanical linkages and mechanical rotation transformers to a central micromirror. The transformers allow larger static rotations of the micromirror from the comb-drive stroke limited rotation of the actuators, with a magnification of up to 3/spl times/ angle demonstrated. A variety of one-axis and two-axis devices have been successfully fabricated and tested, in all cases with 600-/spl mu/m-diameter micromirrors. One-axis micromirrors achieve static optical beam deflections of >20/spl deg/ and peak-to-peak resonant scanning of >50/spl deg/ in one example at a resonant frequency of 4447 Hz. Many two-axis devices utilizing four rotators were tested, and exhibit >18/spl deg/ of static optical deflection at <150 V, while their lowest resonant frequencies are above 4.5 kHz for both axes. A device which utilizes only three bidirectional rotators for tip-tilt-piston actuation achieves -10/spl deg/ to 10/spl deg/ of optical deflection in all axes, and exhibits minimum resonant frequencies of 4096 and 1890 Hz for rotation and pistoning, respectively. Finally, we discuss the preliminary results in scaling tip-tilt-piston devices down to 0.4 /spl times/ 0.4 mm on a side for high fill-factor optical phased arrays. These array elements include bonded low-inertia micromirrors which fully cover the actuators to achieve high fill-factor.
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2,006
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Please write an abstract with title: Resource Management and Pricing for Cloud Computing Based Mobile Blockchain With Pooling, and key words: Blockchain, Cloud computing, Contracts, Resource management, Computational modeling, Pricing, Data mining. Abstract: In a public blockchain system applying Proof of Work (PoW), the participants need to compete with their computing resources for reward, which is challenging for resource-limited devices. Mobile blockchain is proposed to facilitate the application of blockchain for mobile service, in which the lightweight devices can participate mining by renting resources from the Cloud Computing Service Provider (CCSP), but CCSP usually does not have the information about the demand preference of users. In this article, a contract model is adopted to address the cloud computing resource allocation and pricing problem in the mobile blockchain. In particular, an adverse selection contract solution is proposed to overcome the information asymmetry problem, and resource pooling is introduced to improve the stability of users’ rewards. Simulation results show that the information asymmetry problem is well overcome by adverse selection contract so that CCSP can obtain more utility than linear pricing contracts. Furthermore, the resource pooling could effectively improve the users’ and CCSP's utilities. When the size of the mining pool is large enough, it can achieve an improvement effect of more than 10 times. The effect of pool size and user type distribution on CCSP's utility is also studied.
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2,007
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Please write an abstract with title: Reconfigurable Dual-Type Sensor for Resonant and Broadband Liquid Materials Characterization, and key words: Microwave measurement, Liquids, Three-dimensional displays, Resonant frequency, Transmission line measurements, Microwave theory and techniques, Microwave circuits. Abstract: A novel sensor is proposed featuring a reconfigurable dual-type operation offering both resonant and broadband liquid materials characterization. Advantageously, both types of measurements are carried out for the same liquid sample without disconnecting the measurement setup. The sensor is realized in Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technology as a microstrip transmission line (MSL) loaded with a Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) with an accompanying 3D printed liquid container. The default type is the resonant measurement offering a robust characterization in the vicinity of a single frequency well suited for the detection of even small material parameters change from the resonant frequency and quality factor deviation in the reflection coefficient of the CSRR loaded MSL submerged in the liquid. For broadband type measurement, the CSRR is shorted with a stamper to create a uniform ground plane while the relative permittivity of the liquid is determined from the S-parameters of an MSL having a dielectric cover on top. An exemplary sensing setup was developed with resonance at 1.5 GHz, fabricated, and experimentally tested for a set of alcohol samples. The obtained results proved the features of the proposed technique.
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2,008
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Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of error control properties of orthogonal codes, and key words: Error correction, Bandwidth, Modulation coding, Block codes, Modular construction, Read only memory, Table lookup, Neodymium, Gain measurement, Semiconductor device measurement. Abstract: In this paper we investigate the distance properties of orthogonal codes and evaluate its error control properties. We examine this by noting that an n-bit orthogonal code has n/2 1's and n/2 0's; i.e., there are n/2 positions where 1's and 0's differ. Therefore, the distance between two orthogonal codes is also n/2. By exploiting this distance property, we show that a code rate r=k/n, where n is the code length and k is the data length, is available out of orthogonal codes with error control capabilities. We then develop a method of coded modulation with bandwidth efficiency. The proposed technique offers a simpler solution to error control coding with bandwidth efficiency. Finally, the construction of an orthogonal coded modulation scheme is presented to illustrate the concept.
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2,009
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Please write an abstract with title: Study of a Self Biased High Swing Cascode Current Mirror Based Folded Cascode Operational Amplifier, and key words: Transistors, Operational amplifiers, Resistance, Threshold voltage, Current mirrors, Gain, Power dissipation. Abstract: This paper presents the design and analysis of a folded cascode operational amplifier. The paper aims at studying the various design parameters of an operational amplifier viz., its gain, slew rate and power dissipation. Aspect ratios are designed in accordance with the overdrive voltages and input bias current. To ensure proper mirroring action a self baised high swing cascode current mirror is used at the input of the op-amp which will ensure that the overdrive voltages required at the input of the op-amp are reduced and resistance of the current source is increased which will in turn improve the input common mode range of the op-amp. The design is implemented with a bias current of 3uA and supply voltage of 1.8V on 180nm technology node. It provides a differential gain of 76 dB, phase margin of 80.53 degrees and a power dissipation of 16.62 μW. Cadence virtuoso is used as a simulation tool.
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2,010
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Please write an abstract with title: Dielectric Characterization of Small Breast Biopsy Via Miniaturized Open-Ended Coaxial Probe, and key words: Antenna measurements, Hospitals, Conferences, Biopsy, Breast biopsy, Numerical simulation, Dielectric measurement. Abstract: The classification between normal and malignant tissues based on the use of an open-ended coaxial probe reveals an advantageous rapid support to traditional biopsy. The present work proposes an assessment of small biopsy breast dielectric characterization with our custom-designed open-ended coaxial probe. To this end, this study was accomplished by means of numerical simulations; results were confirmed by experimental measurements, performed at the University Hospital in Toledo.
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2,011
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Please write an abstract with title: Round-robin burst assembly and constant transmission scheduling for optical burst switching networks, and key words: Assembly, Optical burst switching, Protocols, Performance loss, Buffer storage, Optical losses, Scheduling, Optical buffering, Throughput, Performance analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a round-robin burst assembly and constant burst transmission for optical burst switching (OBS) network. In the proposed method, ingress edge node has multiple buffers where IP packets are stored depending on their egress edge nodes, and bursts are assembled at the buffers in round-robin manner. Moreover, bursts are transmitted at fixed intervals with scheduler. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we construct a loss model with deterministic and Poisson arrivals, and explicitly derive burst loss probability, burst throughput, and data throughput. In numerical examples, we show the effectiveness of our analysis and compare the performance of the proposed method with Erlang loss system.
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2,012
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Please write an abstract with title: Transparent threads: resource sharing in SMT processors for high single-thread performance, and key words: Yarn, Resource management, Surface-mount technology, Prefetching, Interference, Degradation, Throughput, Instruments, Performance gain, Software performance. Abstract: To realize transparent threads, we propose three mechanisms for maintaining the transparency of background threads: slot prioritization, background thread instruction-window partitioning, and background thread flushing. In addition, we propose three mechanisms to boost background thread performance without sacrificing transparency: aggressive fetch partitioning, foreground thread instruction-window partitioning, and foreground thread flushing. We implement our mechanisms on a detailed simulator of an SMT processor and evaluate them using 8 benchmarks, including 7 from the SPEC CPU2000 suite. Our results show when cache and branch predictor interference are factored out, background threads introduce less than 1% performance degradation on the foreground thread Furthermore, maintaining the transparency of background threads reduces their throughput by only 23% relative to an equal priority scheme. To demonstrate the usefulness of transparent threads, we study transparent software prefetching (TSP), an implementation of software data prefetching using transparent threads. Due to its near-zero overhead, TSP enables prefetch instrumentation for all loads in a program, eliminating the need for profiling. TSP without any profile information, achieves a 9.52% gain across 6 SPEC benchmarks, whereas conventional software prefetching guided by cache-miss profiles increases performance by only 2.47%.
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2,013
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Please write an abstract with title: Stimulated spin scattering in semiconductor microcavities, and key words: Optical polarization, Optical pumping, Laser radiation effects, Ultrafast optics, Nonlinear optics. Abstract: Summary form only given. We show that the ultra-nonlinear response which arises from the parametric scattering of pairs of polaritons, possesses a strong and unusual dependence on the spin of the polaritons. Previously we showed that the polariton spin (up or down) is well-defined and uniquely accessed by the particular circular polarisation (right or left respectively) of the excitation lasers. By developing time-resolved spectroscopies that measure the gain of a probe pulse along three independent polarisation axes (horizontal or vertical linear, diagonal crossed linear, and right or left circular), we completely specify the polarisation of the microcavity emission for the first time.
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2,014
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Please write an abstract with title: Quasi-nonvolatile one-color holography in LiNbO/sub 3/:In,Fe, and key words: Holography, Gratings, Photorefractive effect, Iron, Crystallization, Diffraction, Educational institutions, Photorefractive materials, Polarization, Signal processing. Abstract: Summary form only given. Photorefractive gratings recorded in LiNbO/sub 3/ are usually volatile: the grating buildup rate is equal to the grating erasure rate if the recording intensity is equal to the erasing intensity. On the other hand, high asymmetry in the grating buildup and erasure rates is desired in some applications. For example, holographic memory applications require nonvolatility of recorded gratings during readout while they require the recording sensitivity as high as possible. Here we report on the near-infrared one-color photorefractivity and the observation of high asymmetry in the grating buildup and erasure rates in LiNbO/sub 3/:In,Fe.
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2,015
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Please write an abstract with title: Feature Extraction Methods for Depression Detection Through Social Media Text, and key words: Social networking (online), Computational modeling, User-generated content, Support vector machine classification, Mental health, Feature extraction, Depression. Abstract: The high number of depressed people and the fatal effect it can cause raise the urgency to detect a depressed person as soon as possible. Social media as a platform to express oneself can help us do this job. By properly extracting user-created content in social media, we can detect those who are depressed. This paper compares four feature extraction methods to find the best one. The combinations of TF-IDF, LIWC, Word2Vec, and weighted Word2Vec paired with Naïve Bayes or Linear Support Vector Machine classifiers are used on the Reddit Mental Health dataset. Word2Vec paired with the SVM classifier proved to be the best combination with 95.68% accuracy, 92.58% precision, 93.10% recall, and 92.84% F1- score. However, the weighted Word2Vec failed to improve the performance of averaging the basic Word2Vec, obtaining only 95.15% accuracy. Another finding is that SVM performed better than NB for classification though it takes significantly longer to train. This experiment shows that choosing suitable feature extraction methods will benefit the model's performance.
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2,016
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Please write an abstract with title: Expectation-Maximization Based Direction of Arrival Estimation Under a Mixture of Noise, and key words: Maximum likelihood estimation, Direction-of-arrival estimation, Gaussian noise, Signal processing algorithms, Signal processing, Numerical simulation, Thermal noise. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for direction of arrival estimation in the presence of a noise which is a combination of white Gaussian distributed noise and spherically invariant random distributed noise. Such combination arises in practical scenarios, in which, the Gaussian component represents the thermal noise (i.e., the internal noise), whereas, the spherically invariant random process represents the possible presence of outliers and/or non-homogeneities of the environment (i.e., interference, clutter, jammers). The classical direction of arrival estimation using the maximum likelihood is computationally intractable. In order to overcome this drawback while maintaining a fine accuracy and taking into account the presence of the two noise components, we design an expectation-maximization algorithm. Finally, numerical simulations show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art.
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2,017
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Please write an abstract with title: Realisation of a SiGe-HBT direct down conversion receiver for UMTS base stations, and key words: 3G mobile communication, Base stations, Band pass filters, Bandwidth, Error compensation, Application specific integrated circuits, Noise figure, Image converters, Frequency conversion, Process design. Abstract: In this work, the realisation of a direct down conversion receiver for the application in UMTS base stations is presented The analogue receiver functionality is completely integrated, based on a SiGe-HBT process with a transit frequency f/sub T/=50 GHz and a minimum noise figure F/sub min/=1 dB. It is designed to convert four neighbouring W-CDMA frequency channels of 3.84 MHz bandwidth simultaneously to the base band. The final carrier separation is done after the AD-conversion in the digital domain. Due to the requirements concerning image suppression, a low IQ imbalance in the analogue receiver part and an error compensation in the digital domain are essential. The receiver features a noise figure NF<2 dB and a power amplification in the range of 38 to 40 dB.
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2,018
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Please write an abstract with title: Security Analyze with Malicious Nodes in Sharding Blockchain Based Fog Computing Networks, and key words: Greedy algorithms, Vehicular and wireless technologies, Databases, Simulation, Scalability, Probability, Throughput. Abstract: Blockchain technology is used to improve the security of users data in the network. However, the traditional blockchain structure is not suitable for the fog network due to the low throughput and scalability limitations. To solve the above issues, in this paper, we propose a sharding blockchain to improve the security of the fog network, while increasing the throughput. Sharding blockchain will divide the network into several shards, and each of them could process the transactions parallelly. In addition, the normalized entropy of the fog network could be calculated by the main opinion and secondary opinion in the consensus result. Then, the main-chain layer could calculate the probability of malicious fog nodes (FN) in the network and the maximum number of shards. Finally, the S-type fog nodes assignment algorithm (S-NA) is proposed to optimize the association between shards and FNs, which combines the greedy algorithm and the max-min fair algorithm. Simulation results verify the efficiency of the proposed S-NA algorithm.
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2,019
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Please write an abstract with title: Reduced order model based design of linear active disturbance rejection controller with applications, and key words: Robust control, State feedback, Simulation, Position control, Robustness, Reduced order systems, Time factors. Abstract: This paper presents an improved linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) technique. The concept of model order reduction is incorporated in the design of LADRC controllers for the simplification of complex higher order systems, leading to the ease of tuning, simplification of analysis and reduction in the number of controller and observer parameters. The corresponding generalized formulae are derived. The efficacy of the improved LADRC scheme is then demonstrated for the angular position control of a DC servo system by comparing the response with the internal model control technique. It is observed that the desired response specifications are achieved even when the lower order controller is used, thereby revealing the advantages of the proposed technique. Further, the proposed technique exhibits significant improvement in time response over the existing IMC technique. The simulation results provide a validation to the strength of the proposed technique.
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2,020
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Please write an abstract with title: Group Theory Approach for Designing MTM Structures for High‐Power Microwave Devices, and key words: Mirrors, Geometry, Orbits, Energy states, Split ring resonators, Resonant frequency, Reflection. Abstract: This chapter outlines the general description and symmetry concepts defined in group theory. It explains how symmetry properties of metamaterials (MTMs) can be used to identify their electromagnetic (EM) properties. The chapter analyzes several well‐known MTM structures using group theory. Group theory reveals how the symmetry of a molecule is related to its physical properties and provides a quick method to determine the relevant physical information of the molecule. Group theory is powerful when it comes to dealing with the inverse‐problem approach, where the geometry of the MTM unit cell can be engineered to produce a desired EM constitutive tensor. The chapter demonstrates how group theory can be utilized in synthesizing MTMs with desired constitutive properties. It presents and discusses the basic steps for designing high‐power microwave sources using MTMs and group theory. The particle‐in‐Cell solver was used to evaluate performance of the proposed backward wave oscillator.
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2,021
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Please write an abstract with title: Genetic Algorithm Tuned IMC-PI Controller for Coupled Tank Based Systems, and key words: PI control, System performance, Manuals, Filtering algorithms, Approximation algorithms, Steady-state, Complexity theory. Abstract: The proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) Controllers remains one the most versatile and widely adopted controller for industrial as well as educational applications. However, the efficacy of this controller lies in the ability to know how to tune them effectively and efficiently to suit operational needs. There exist numerous approaches to tuning the gains of the controller with varying degrees of complexity. Of all the existing approaches, the internal model control (IMC) stands out because it requires only the filter gain to determine the corresponding PID parameters. However, the ability to determine the appropriate filter gain is also a challenge as it is often than not selected arbitrarily using a trial by error approach. To this end, in this work, a genetic algorithm (GA) technique has been adopted in tuning this filter parameter to eliminate the associated problems of the trial by error approach. The results of the implementation on the double couple tank problem show the performance of the GA tuned IMC outweighing that of the conventional GA tuned PI controller approach.
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2,022
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Please write an abstract with title: A Survey of Test and Reliability Solutions for Magnetic Random Access Memories, and key words: Magnetic tunneling, Reliability, Random access memory, Magnetic switching, Switches, Nonvolatile memory, Memory management, Spintronics. Abstract: Memories occupy most of the silicon area in nowadays' system-on-chips and contribute to a significant part of system power consumption. Though widely used, nonvolatile Flash memories still suffer from several drawbacks. Magnetic random access memories (MRAMs) have the potential to mitigate most of the Flash shortcomings. Moreover, it is predicted that they could be used for DRAM and SRAM replacement. However, they are prone to manufacturing defects and runtime failures as any other type of memory. This article provides an up-to-date and practical coverage of MRAM test and reliability solutions existing in the literature. After some background on existing MRAM technologies, defectiveness and reliability issues are discussed, as well as functional fault models used for MRAM. This article is dedicated to a summarized description of existing test and reliability improvement methods developed so far for various MRAM technologies. The last part of this article gives some perspectives on this hot topic.
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2,023
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Please write an abstract with title: Finite-Time Observer Based Three-Dimensional Tracking Control of an Underwater Robot with Multiple Unknowns, and key words: Observers, Uncertainty, Trajectory, Trajectory tracking, Backstepping, Unmanned underwater vehicles, Torque. Abstract: In this paper, a finite-time observer based three-dimensional tracking control (FTO-TDTC) strategy is proposed for trajectory tracking of an under-actuated underwater robot (UR) with multiple unknowns involving system uncertainties and current disturbances. To avoid the explosion of complexity and simplify the dynamics controller design, virtual velocity-based backstepping control laws are proposed to control pitch rate and yaw rate, simultaneously. By virtue of the finite-time observer (FTO), the multiple unknowns are completely estimated and incorporated into dynamics controller, thus contributing to the UR tracking performance with strong robustness. Rigorous theoretical analysis is deployed by the aid of Lyapunov direct method. Finally, simulation verifications are exhibited to evaluate the maneuverability of the FTO-TDTC strategy when system uncertainties and current disturbances are acting on the under-actuated UR.
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2,024
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Please write an abstract with title: A new optimal approach for coordination of overcurrent relays in interconnected power systems, and key words: Power system relaying, Power system interconnection, Protective relaying, Frame relay, Power system protection, Linear programming, Power system modeling, Power system economics, Power generation economics, Power distribution. Abstract: In this paper, a new method for optimum coordination of overcurrent relays is proposed. The proposed method is based on only constraints. Minimization is inherently included by setting the time dials to minimum and increasing their values gradually. Configuration changes of the network are taken into account. The method does not need any initial solution. It can consider both linear and nonlinear relay characteristics models. The optimal settings of overcurrent relays for 8-Bus and England Norweb networks are obtained and comparison between the new method and existing methods is made.
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2,025
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Please write an abstract with title: A Single High Gain and Narrow-Beam Folded Dipole Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications, and key words: Microwave antennas, Wireless communication, Radio frequency, Dipole antennas, Millimeter wave technology, Microwave communication, Sensor systems and applications. Abstract: Millimeter wave applications are expanding, such as the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), imaging technologies and RF sensors. Since wavelengths of millimeter waves are shorter than those of microwaves, it is necessary to increase radiation gains of antennas in order to secure the same communication distance as microwaves. For increasing antennas’ radiation gains, making beams narrow is effective. And the narrow beam width is necessary for high resolution imaging technologies.
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2,026
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Please write an abstract with title: TS-SVM: Detect LDoS Attack in SDN Based on Two-step Self-adjusting SVM, and key words: Support vector machines, Privacy, Computational modeling, Software algorithms, Telecommunication traffic, Transforms, Feature extraction. Abstract: The Low-Rate Denial of Service (LDoS) attack is a new type of Denial of Service attack. Because of its adequate concealment, it is not easy to detect by conventional detection methods. The detection method using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) is feasible, but it has the defect of insufficient generalization ability; consequently, this paper proposes the LDoS attack detection method based on the Two-step Self-adjusting Support Vector Machine (TS-SVM). For the network traffic data, the Discrete Wavelet Transform is used as the feature extraction tool to decompose and reconstruct the network traffic, and the time-domain features such as the mean value of the traffic subband are selected for detection. Two kinds of SVM approaches of self-adjusting are put forward in this paper: to adjust the increasing degree of data dimension, and the other is to adjust the error tolerance. Next, the Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) algorithm is used to realize the two adjustment approaches, ultimately achieving the goal of ascension generalization ability. The detection model constructed has a higher detection effect. To verify the method's feasibility, experiments are carried out in a Software Defined Network (SDN) created by the Mininet simulator and Ryu controller. By comparing the proposed method with the traditional SVM method, it is shown that the performance of this method is better than that of the method based on the traditional SVM. By comparing with the traditional LDoS detection methods, it is manifested that the detection accuracy of this method is 92.36%-96.65%, which is higher than the traditional detection methods.
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2,027
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Multivehicle Motion Planning Using Bernstein Approximants, and key words: Optimal control, Planning, Trajectory, Convergence, Tools, Approximation methods, Autonomous vehicles. Abstract: This article presents a computational framework to efficiently generate feasible and safe trajectories for multiple autonomous vehicle operations. We formulate the optimal motion planning problem as a continuous-time optimal control problem, and approximate its solutions in a discretized setting using Bernstein polynomials. The latter possess convenient properties that allow to efficiently compute and enforce constraints along the vehicles' trajectories, such as maximum speed and angular rates, minimum distance between trajectories and between the vehicles and known obstacles, etc. Thus, the proposed method is particularly suitable for generating trajectories in real-time for safe operations in complex environments and multiple vehicle missions. We show, using a rigorous mathematical framework, that the solution to the discretized optimal motion planning problem converges to that of the continuous-time one. The advantages of the proposed method are investigated through numerical examples.
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2,028
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Please write an abstract with title: Effective paging procedure for the optical feeder microcellular system, and key words: Power system management, Costs, Optical fiber communication, Queueing analysis, Mobile communication, Microcell networks, Base stations, Control systems, Channel allocation, Paper technology. Abstract: The paper considers a paging problem in the optical feeder microcellular system where group simulcasting and dynamic channel allocation technologies are incorporated. The objective is to propose an effective paging procedure whose performance is measured in terms of paging load, average paging delay, and paging success probability. In the paging procedure, paging signals are transmitted via group simulcasting, for which the control channel is allocated dynamically. The performance of the procedure is analyzed in an approximate queueing network model. The proposed procedure is then compared in performance with a simulation approach, from which the procedure is found to outperform any previous methods in the literature.
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2,029
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Please write an abstract with title: Multiscale Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Based on Phase Congruency and Saliency, and key words: Image fusion, Image edge detection, Laplace equations, Image reconstruction, Discrete wavelet transforms, Target recognition, Fuses. Abstract: In this paper, in order to enhance the infrared target in infrared image and retain the edge and detail information in visible image, we propose a multi-scale decomposition fusion method based on phase congruency and saliency. In this method, the Laplacian pyramid is first used to decompose the source image into detail layers and base layers. Secondly, we use a method based on phase congruency for the fusion of detail layers. Thirdly, for the base layer, we decompose it into saliency map and residual map. The “max absolute” rule and “averag” rule are adopted for the fusion of saliency map and residual map, then the fused saliency map and residual map are added to attain the fused base image. Finally, we use the inverse transform of Laplacian pyramid to reconstruct the fused image. The experimental results show that the proposed method have better fusion effect than other methods. What's outstanding is that the infrared targets in the fused image are enhanced and abundant edges are preserved.
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2,030
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Please write an abstract with title: Real-time virtual UR5 robot imitation of human motion based on 3D camera, and key words: Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Service robots, Robot kinematics, Human-robot interaction, Manipulators, Real-time systems. Abstract: Human robot interaction is playing significant roles in many industries, in which humans are allowed to corporate with robots or control robots to complete some tasks. Achieving realtime control of robots by demonstrating human arm motion is one of the effective methods to improve the quality of human robot interaction. In this paper, a new method to accomplish human skeleton key points extraction is proposed and a system for controlling a virtual UR5 robot (which is modeling in Unity 3D) is developed to imitate human motions. A sequential architecture composed of convolutional networks is used to identify the 2D coordinates; the depth information from Kinect v2 sensor is used to obtain the actual 3D coordinates and the result of the proposed method is used for joint angles calculation. The appropriate mapping relationships between human arm and UR5 robots are built by transforming the arm angel to UR5's degrees of freedom. The performance of this method is measured by the degree of real-time simulation of human hand trajectory. Further, the comparison between the method in this paper and other method is implemented. The experimental results indicate that the developed system and proposed method are reliable and efficient to accomplish human motion imitation.
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2,031
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Please write an abstract with title: BGA Routing Impact on High-Speed Signals, and key words: Couplings, Frequency-domain analysis, Conferences, Routing, Pins, High frequency, Electronics packaging. Abstract: To meet the growing demand for data consumption, IO speeds, IO ports, CPU core count and pin density continue to increase every generation. In the last few generations, the number of ports of peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) and double data rate (DDR) interfaces have nearly doubled in CPUs. Ball grid array (BGA) breakout in current CPUs is becoming a challenge due to the increased density. Significant noise can get coupled to high-speed signals if the package or BGA breakout is less than optimal. In this paper, various BGA breakout schemes that are popularly used are discussed. The advantages and limitations of these schemes are discussed with frequency domain data. In addition, the paper also highlights that trace-to-via fringe coupling at high frequencies can impact high-speed signals adversely
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2,032
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Please write an abstract with title: A library framework for the POSIX application-defined scheduling proposal, and key words: Libraries, Proposals, Real time systems, Processor scheduling, Operating systems, Kernel, Standards development, Application software, Code standards, Scheduling algorithm. Abstract: Developing real-time applications using the POSIX standard API guarantees applications portability at the source code level. However, POSIX standard includes just fixed-priority scheduling and it is not always suited to fulfill the requirements of every real-time system. Recently, an API to use application-defined scheduling algorithms in a way compatible with POSIX was proposed. This model allows the implementation of different scheduling policies in a portable way. Nevertheless, this API is more intended for kernel programmers than for real-time application developers. In this paper, a framework for developing and using a library of POSIX compatible application-defined schedulers is proposed. An API based in this framework is presented and some functionality has been added to it, including fault-tolerance capabilities. With the proposed API, a library of application-defined schedulers can be used to develop real-time applications in a consistent and efficient way. The proposal has been implemented in RTLinux along with a library including many scheduling policies and results of the evaluation of the implementation are presented.
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2,033
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Please write an abstract with title: Distribution-Aware Coordinate Representation for Human Pose Estimation, and key words: Pose estimation, Standards, Decoding, Space heating, Image resolution, Encoding. Abstract: While being the de facto standard coordinate representation for human pose estimation, heatmap has not been investigated in-depth. This work fills this gap. For the first time, we find that the process of decoding the predicted heatmaps into the final joint coordinates in the original image space is surprisingly significant for the performance. We further probe the design limitations of the standard coordinate decoding method, and propose a more principled distributionaware decoding method. Also, we improve the standard coordinate encoding process (i.e. transforming ground-truth coordinates to heatmaps) by generating unbiased/accurate heatmaps. Taking the two together, we formulate a novel Distribution-Aware coordinate Representation of Keypoints (DARK) method. Serving as a model-agnostic plug-in, DARK brings about significant performance boost to existing human pose estimation models. Extensive experiments show that DARK yields the best results on two common benchmarks, MPII and COCO. Besides, DARK achieves the 2nd place entry in the ICCV 2019 COCO Keypoints Challenge. The code is available online.
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2,034
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Please write an abstract with title: Random and systematic defect analysis using IDDQ signature analysis for understanding fails and guiding test decisions, and key words: Failure analysis, System testing, Semiconductor device measurement, Application specific integrated circuits, Logic gates, Circuit testing, Wire, Inverters, Production, Automatic testing. Abstract: This work demonstrates IDDQ signature analysis of random and systematic defects, including yield detractors and reliability defects. Application is demonstrated for both understanding failure root cause and guiding test decisions. IDDQ signatures contain rich information about the circuit, defect behavior and processing conditions. This paper describes capturing that information by classifying signatures into different categories and using the classifications to learn about the nature of the defects occuring on a variety of ASIC chips.
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2,035
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Please write an abstract with title: Improved identification level for defects generating partial discharges in solid insulation systems, and key words: Partial discharges, Solids, Insulation, Engines, Electrodes, Failure analysis, Risk analysis, Surface discharges, Corona, Low voltage. Abstract: Partial discharge analysis should provide a detailed description of insulation defects to ascertain failure risk accurately. The authors have devised previously a fuzzy tool that identifies fundamental properties of discharges generated by defects, i.e., internal, surface or corona discharges. This paper describes a new fuzzy inference engine that is aimed at deciding whether an internal cavity is close to an electrode and, in any particular case, which electrode (high or low voltage). A physical explanation of the rules used to build the fuzzy engine is provided, then examples of application to real apparatus containing artificial defects are shown.
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2,036
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Please write an abstract with title: A New Extendable Multi-Input Multi-Output DC-DC Converter Suitable for Renewable Energies, and key words: Renewable energy sources, DC-DC power converters, Switches, Power electronics, Wind turbines, Reliability, Solar panels. Abstract: In this paper, a new extendable multi-input multi-output (MIMO) DC-DC converter is proposed. The proposed converter is based on active switched inductor (A-SL) network and voltage multiplier cell (VMC). The main feature of the proposed converter is a high-voltage gain and low voltage stress on semiconductors. The proposed converter can operate in a single-input multi-output (SIMO) mode. Generally, MIMO converters can combine different renewable energies such as solar panels (PV), Fuel Cells (FC), Batteries, and wind turbines, so it is expected that such systems work with high reliability. Therefore, it is essential to propose a suitable MIMO converter with a high-voltage gain. To realize the superiority of the proposed converter over similar MIMO converters, the suggested converter has been compared to other MIMO converters. Finally, to investigate a high-voltage gain (higher than 30), this converter is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
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2,037
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance Evaluation of GaN-MPPT by Transient Characteristics, and key words: Gallium nitride, Maximum power point trackers, Silicon, Transient analysis, Electrical engineering, Semiconductor device measurement, Voltage measurement. Abstract: In this paper, the performance of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using gallium nitride and silicon semiconductors were evaluated based on the difference in their transient characteristics. A solar power generation system increases its power generation efficiency by controlling the MPPT. Due to higher efficiency and smaller device size, gallium nitride and silicon carbide semiconductors have attracted more attention as next-generation power semiconductors than Si semiconductors. This study confirms that the power conversion efficiency of MPPT devices can be improved by using GaN semiconductors.
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2,038
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Please write an abstract with title: A generic model for the simulation of the thermal and energetic behaviour of technical systems, and key words: Computational modeling, Mathematical model, Task analysis, Matlab. Abstract: Establishing and controlling of smart decentralized grids represents a challenging task for future modern energy networks. Therefore, it is necessary to examine fundamental system behavior. One promising way to address this topic is to model technical systems consisting of energy producer, -storage and - consumer in a decentralized network. The following approach presents a generic model for the computer-aided simulation of thermal and energetic behavior of technical systems.
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2,039
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Please write an abstract with title: A Review on Sustaining Power System Frequency Stability Considering the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), and key words: Renewable energy sources, Simulation, Voltage, Power system stability, Stability analysis, Power system reliability, Distributed power generation. Abstract: A power system network is one of the essential systems serving electricity to customer loads at the desired quality with minimal supply interruptions. Since the power system can be subjected to disturbances during operation, its reliability is prioritized at the planning and design stage. As a result, the power system is anticipated to be stable, reliable, and secured in the event of disturbance and post-fault conditions. The grid-connection of Renewable Energy Systems (RESs) and Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are expected to improve the power system grid reliability. These systems quickly respond to power system changes between generation and load. However, their poor coordination can significantly contribute to frequency and voltage instability, weakening grid resiliency. This paper conducts a literature review and the benefits of DERs to enhance and maintain power system stability. The simulation results from the modified IEEE 9 bus network modeled using DIgSILENT simulation indicate that the power system stability can be maintained adequately, provided that the DERs can be dispatchable.
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2,040
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Please write an abstract with title: 3D Scene Reconstruction from RGB Images Using Dynamic Graph Convolution for Augmented Reality, and key words: Surface reconstruction, Three-dimensional displays, Shape, Convolution, Conferences, Merging, User interfaces. Abstract: The 3D scene reconstruction task aims to reconstruct the object shape, object pose, and the 3D layout of the scene. In the field of augmented reality, this information is required for interactions with the surroundings. In this paper, we develop a holistic end-to-end scene reconstruction system using only RGB images. We further designed an architecture that can adapt to different types of objects through our graph convolution network during object surface generation. Moreover, a scene-merging strategy is proposed to alleviate the occlusion problem by merging different views continuously. This also allows our system to reconstruct the complete surroundings in a room.
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2,041
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Please write an abstract with title: Sparse Sensing Architectures with Optimal Precision for Tracking Multi-agent Systems in Sensing-denied Environments, and key words: Target tracking, Filtering, Estimation, Time measurement, Sensors, Linear matrix inequalities, Kalman filters. Abstract: In this paper the tracking problem of multi-agent systems, in a particular scenario where a segment of agents entering a sensing-denied environment or behaving as noncooperative targets, is considered. The focus is on determining the optimal sensor precisions while simultaneously promoting sparseness in the sensor measurements to guarantee a specified estimation performance. The problem is formulated in the discrete-time centralized Kalman filtering framework. A semidefinite program subject to linear matrix inequalities is solved to minimize the trace of precision matrix which is defined to be the inverse of sensor noise covariance matrix. Simulation results expose a trade-off between sensor precisions and sensing frequency.
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2,042
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Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent system for data protection in higher education institutions: A systematic review, and key words: Systematics, Costs, Databases, Education, Data protection, Organizations, Software. Abstract: The study aimed to know how the smart system improves data protection in higher education institutions through a systematic review between the years 2017 to 2022. It allowed reviewing important databases such as Scielo, Ebsco, ScienceDirect and Scopus. The search achieved 229 original researches in relation to the topic intelligent system and data protection, of which according to the evaluation 201 were separated for being within the exclusion criteria. Therefore, 28 of them were examined and analyzed in detail. It is concluded that the implementation of these systems significantly improves the protection of information, as evidence has been found that it provides enormous benefits applied mainly in higher education institutions. Consequently, in the research reviewed, it has been found that these systems evolve and are continuously updated, reducing costs, as well as increasing virtual security.
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2,043
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Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Based Image Semantic Feature Analysis and Image Classification Techniques and Models, and key words: Deep learning, Analytical models, Machine learning algorithms, Semantics, Neural networks, Big Data, Feature extraction. Abstract: The theoretical foundation for the subsequent research is laid. Deep learning methods are widely used to extract and analyze image semantic features, and lay a solid foundation for the research of image classification techniques. Based on the relationship between big data and artificial intelligence technology, this paper firstly outlines the process of generation and development of deep learning, and elaborates the restricted Boltzmann machine model from the perspective of energy model, and then introduces the application principle and specific application scheme of deep belief network model and convolutional neural network model in image classification field in detail, which lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent research.
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2,044
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Please write an abstract with title: Automated Detection of ERP artifacts of auditory oddball paradigm by Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithm, and key words: Electric potential, Brain, Machine learning algorithms, Forestry, Electroencephalography, Hardware, Real-time systems. Abstract: Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive method that can test and detect the working status of the human brain. The time-locked measure of the EEG to the external stimuli is known as Event-Related Potential (ERP). ERP has the ability to observe human brain activities in real-time and it can help to elucidate the responses of the human brain to stimuli. However, EEG is an irregular combination of neural and non-neural sources of activities, and these non-neural (non-EEG) sources of activities are known as artifacts. Artifacts of mixed signals may degrade the quality of EEG signals by decreasing SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) and may lead to erroneous conclusions in the ERP study. The main goal of this research is to record and analyze clean EEG data so that the experimental results are valid and statistically significant. This project addresses this aim by introducing a machine learning algorithm (MLA) that can screen EEG/ERP data, detect unfocused or artifacts mixed data epochs and then remove those data epochs from the signal. Overall, five types of unsupervised MLA are applied to detect unfocused ERP epochs and among them, the DBScan method shows the best performance with an artifact detection efficiency of 92%. In addition to being efficient, this MLA is also very time effective. Finally, the success of this study will allow ERP to be used as a biomarker in real-world applications.
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2,045
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Please write an abstract with title: Exponential Barrier Functions for Safe Steering of Nonholonomic Vehicles With Actuator Time-Delay, and key words: Wheels, Safety, Vehicle dynamics, Mathematical models, Actuators, Navigation, Kinematics. Abstract: This work provides a provably safe feedback control for nonholonomic vehicles that autonomously operate in an obstacle field. A barrier function with a tunable, exponential decay rate is used to obtain a safe steering envelope for the vehicle. The safe steering envelope adapts, in real-time, to the vehicle’s velocity and its distance to the static obstacles. The safety control corrects steering commands provided by a nominal tracking control and prevents collisions between the vehicle and the obstacles. The safety and stability of the algorithm are proved analytically and verified via multiple experiments. The resulting safety control is modular and can work well with obstacles of different footprints. Since quick steering control is essential for successful vehicle navigation, a two-layer predictor is proposed to compensate for the time-delay in the vehicle dynamics. The two-layer predictor improves the control response time by as much as a factor of four. The safety and tracking control act on the vehicle kinematics, and the two-layer predictor improves the vehicle’s dynamic performance. The proposed control structure has a closed-form with eight tunable parameters, which facilitates control calibration and tuning in large systems of vehicles. Extensive experiments are carried out on a nonholonomic vehicle to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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2,046
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimum tooth-geometry for hybrid stepper motor using finite element analysis, and key words: Finite element methods, Torque, Teeth, Stators, Rotors, Shape, Fabrication, Aerospace industry, Defense industry, Production. Abstract: Hybrid stepper motors are used in space, military and industrial applications. The design of the hybrid stepper motor for achieving a specific performance necessitates the choice of appropriate tooth-geometry. In this paper, a detailed account of the results of 2-D and 3-D finite element (FE) analyses, conducted with different tooth-width/tooth-pitch ratios (t//spl lambda/) and also with various tooth/slot shapes such as rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular and circular, is presented. The study has shown that the rectangular tooth/slot shape is better with respect to torque density. The best results are obtained when t//spl lambda/ lies between 0.38 and 0.4. The use of equal tooth-pitch on stator and rotor structures provide nearly 10% more torque than the case with unequal tooth-pitch, but with corresponding increase in detent torque. For the requirements of maximum torque density, high detent torque and better positional accuracy, equal pitch slotting with equal tooth widths has to be adopted. Instead, for maximum torque density, less detent torque, better positional accuracy and smooth static torque profile, different pitch slotting with equal tooth width has to be provided. The above results are verified for two stepper motors, one having equal t//spl lambda/, of 0.5 and the other having different t//spl lambda/ ratios of 0.38 and 0.4 in stator and rotor respectively. The results of this work will be useful to the designer for selecting an appropriate tooth-geometry for specific performance requirements.
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2,047
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Please write an abstract with title: Enhanced Quality Analysis of Fuel Tank Using Pressure Drop Method Using PLC and SCADA, and key words: Industries, Automation, Transducers, Quality assurance, Programmable logic devices, User experience, Reliability. Abstract: In today's competitive world quality assurance of a product is a must before launching it in the market. Quality analysis ensures that the end product or service is of high quality and thus assures a safe and better user experience, which takes 40% of the total time taken to produce the end product. Leak testing is one of the most important processes during the quality analysis of a product. With the industrial revolution 4.0, automation has made the process more reliable, accurate, efficient, and less time-consuming. The main idea of this work is to design an automation system to detect any leakage in a blow-moulded component using the pressure. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Human Machine Interface (HMI), and pressure transducer are used for this project.
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2,048
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Please write an abstract with title: mIoTwins: Design and Evaluation of mIoT Framework for Private Edge Networks, and key words: Performance evaluation, Protocols, Digital twin, Throughput, Planning, Synchronization, Servers. Abstract: In this paper, we proposed a massive IoT framework for private edge networks with Eclipse Hono/Ditto and Kubernetes. It features adaptation to heterogeneous IoT protocols and synchronization of status information of IoT devices to digital twins. To validate the performance of the proposed framework, we generated traffic comparable to the Mobile Robot use case presented by 3GPP. The experimental results confirmed the actual capacity of the Hono adapter and the Ditto connectivity component that could be used for capacity planning in private edge networks.
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2,049
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Please write an abstract with title: Development and research of a traffic management system based on DPI technology, and key words: Information science, Telecommunication traffic, Maintenance engineering, Inspection, Communications technology, Data models, Data communication. Abstract: Modern telecommunication networks are improving every day, data transmission channels are improving, new transmission technologies are being developed. Based on these technologies, operators have introduced a variety of services that generate network traffic consisting of various types of data packets. Operators need to classify network traffic using new packet inspection technologies for efficient and accurate operation of the data network and service. Today, the classification of traffic data transmission network based on DPI technology is widely used in many countries, including ours. The development of new methods for classifying packets and their implementation in the data transmission network will give us a more accurate operation of the data transmission system.
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2,050
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Please write an abstract with title: Hardware and software complex for the investigations of digital-analog follow-up motor, and key words: Hardware, Digital-analog conversion, Velocity control, Digital control, Electric motors, Circuits, Regulators, Packaging, Signal processing, Instruction sets. Abstract: Hardware and software complex allows one to perform investigations of the digital control system and digital analog follow-up motor characteristics. It is possible to study the action of the control signal sampling according to the level and time. It is possible to research different structures and values of digital regulator parameters including parabolic characteristic introducing, velocity compensation, prevention of integral regulator saturation.
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2,051
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Please write an abstract with title: A novel approach in Steganography combining random key and substitution cipher, and key words: Ciphers, Encryption, Conferences, Matrices, PSNR. Abstract: The technique of secure transmission of confidential information over a network by hiding the message inside multimedia is termed steganography. Contrary to cryptography where the data is encrypted using a key using various methods and algorithms and then transmitted over the channel, in steganography, the message is concealed such that there is no trace of information being transmitted. The combined use of cryptography and steganography, increase the level of security of the data being transmitted. They act as the viable method to transmit information over non-secure channels. After concealing the secret message in the carrier multimedia, it is then analyzed using various metrics such as MSE and PSNR to determine the quality of the steganographic image.
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2,052
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Please write an abstract with title: WARC-79 Decisions Affecting Radio Amateurs, and key words: Ham radios, Satellite broadcasting, Relays, Government, Frequency, Data communication, Radio propagation, Artificial satellites, Investments, Bridges. Abstract: The international and domestic U.S. preparations for WARC-79 on behalf of the Amateur and Amateur-Satellite services are described. A general description of the Amateur and AmateurSatellite services is given. The significant Conference results affecting the two services are set forth, primarily from the perspective of the radio amateur in the United States. Allocations and related technical issues are discussed, as well as issues which are likely to be raised during domestic implementation of the Conference results and during future specialized Administrative Radio Conferences.
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2,053
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Please write an abstract with title: Direct position determination of narrowband radio transmitters, and key words: Narrowband, Radio transmitters, Sensor arrays, Underwater acoustics, Base stations, Array signal processing, Acoustic sensors, Maximum likelihood estimation, Attenuation, Electromagnetic modeling. Abstract: The most common methods for location of communications or radar transmitters are based on measuring a specified parameter such as signal angle-of-arrival or time-of-arrival. The measured parameters are then used to estimate the transmitter location. These methods are sub-optimal since they are indirect and involve two separate estimation steps. We propose a technique that uses exactly the same data as the common methods but the estimation of location is based on maximum-likelihood and the location determination is direct. Although there are many stray parameters, including the attenuation coefficients and the signal waveform, the method requires only a two-dimensional search. Monte-Carlo simulations indicate that the accuracy is superior to angle-of-arrival, time-of arrival and their combination.
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2,054
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Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Analysis of DC Current of the Wind-Coal Bundle System after Fault Considering Control System of LCC-HVDC, and key words: Short-circuit currents, Simulation, Transfer functions, Process control, High-voltage techniques, Control systems, Mathematical models. Abstract: Short circuit current is one of the key basis of power grid planning, especially in wind-coal bundle system. DC short-circuit current contributes to AC short-circuit current when AC side of the system fails. And the transient process of DC short-circuit current is caused by the coupling relationship between high voltage ride through problem and commutation failure after the fault, which is quite different from the process of LCC-HVDC system with thermal power unit as the sending end. So it is necessary to analyze the DC current of wind-coal bundle system. This paper first investigates the fault ride through process of the system after fault. Then the paper describes the response process of DC control system, establishes the transfer function models, and compares the simulation results with the mathematical expression of DC current.
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2,055
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Please write an abstract with title: Location-Independent Multi-Channel Acoustic Scene Classification Using Blind Dereverberation, Blind Source Separation, and Model Ensemble, and key words: Task analysis, Support vector machines, Reverberation, Training, Silicon compounds, Microphones. Abstract: This paper presents a location-independent multi-channel acoustic scene classification (ASC) system that avoids spatial overfitting. Generally, ASC suffers from noise and reverberation in real environments. In addition, the ASC performance is decreased by overfitting a dataset, which is the result of learning from acoustic transfer functions enclosed in the dataset. To resolve these problems, we present a location-independent multi-channel ASC system using blind dereverberation, blind sound source separation, pre-trained model-based classifiers, and model ensemble. Experimental results on the DCASE 2018 Task 5 dataset indicate that the proposed system, with an F1 score of 88.4%, outperforms the baseline system. Also, the results indicate that although no one specific function improves the performance dramatically, all functions complement each other through the model ensemble.
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2,056
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Please write an abstract with title: Management architecture for distributed measurement services [power demand monitoring and control system example], and key words: Energy management, Power system management, Power measurement, Power demand, Control systems, Software measurement, Computer architecture, Remote monitoring, Software design, Publishing. Abstract: MADAMS (management architecture for distributed measurement services) is a novel service-based software framework designed for publishing, retrieving, configuring, setting-up, monitoring and executing distributed measurement services over the Internet. The basic building block is the measurement service, i.e. a software object properly configured and made remotely accessible across a network. A measurement service corresponds either to a single (virtual or physical) instrument, or to a collection of measurement services abstracting a test method. Service attributes include the graphical interface which supports user interactions. MADAMS is especially tuned to: (i) defining a common and straightforward way to use distributed measurement services; (ii) introducing a data-exchange layer for inter-instrument communications; and (iii) exploiting a design pattern which separates definition of service functionalities from distribution concerns. This paper introduces MADAMS, outlines its current implementation which depends on Java/Jini, and shows its application to a demand monitoring-control measurement system.
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2,057
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Please write an abstract with title: Quick Suppression of DDoS Attacks by Frame Priority Control in IoT Backhaul With Construction of Mirai-Based Attacks, and key words: Internet of Things, Computer crime, Servers, Denial-of-service attack, Monitoring, Machine learning, Costs. Abstract: We propose a novel distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack suppression system that significantly reduces discarding of normal traffic (i.e., the traffic from Internet of Things (IoT) devices that are not infected with a malware) with a small number of equipment by controlling the priority of frames in a network accommodating IoT devices. Experimental results showed that our proposed system prevented the discarding of the normal traffic in a few seconds when attack traffic was generated by a traffic generator. Moreover, we constructed Mirai-based DDoS attack traffic and experimentally demonstrated that the discarding of the normal traffic was prevented in 30 milliseconds in our proposed system. We also confirmed that the attack traffic detected by a DDoS protector that was installed in front of an IoT server was autonomously blocked at the switches that the traffic came through from the IoT devices (i.e., the entrances to a backbone network) by integrating various vendors’ products.
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2,058
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Please write an abstract with title: Improvement and Research on Hydraulic Drive System of Modular Machine Tool, and key words: Blades, Oils, Pumps, Dynamics, Hydraulic systems, Transforms, Production. Abstract: Modular Machine Tool is a specialized machine tool which is composed of general-purpose and special-purpose components. It is easy to operate, has high efficiency and is widely used in mass production. The main general accessory of the Modular machine tool is the dynamic slipway which is used to achieve feed motion. It can accomplish machining such as boring and milling by combining the dynamic slipway and different purposes spindle heads. There are two slipways of the dynamic slipway which are the mechanical slide and the hydraulic slide. Hydraulic sliding table is to transform hydraulic energy provided by pump station into mechanical energy, which can realize sliding table movement.Modular Machine Tool hydraulic system requires the smooth speed changing-over, stable feed rate, rational power-utilization, also it can be improved basic on the specific conditions of the enterprise.
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2,059
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Please write an abstract with title: Improving the Performance of the Kernighan-Lin and Simulated Annealing Graph Bisection Algorithms, and key words: Simulated annealing, Contracts, Computational modeling, Computer science, Compaction, Permission, Testing, Mesh generation, Computer simulation, Very large scale integration. Abstract: In this paper, we compare the performance of two popular graph bisection algorithms. We also present an empirical study of a new heuristic, first proposed in [B87], that dramatically improves the performance of these bisection algorithms on graphs with small (≤ 4) average degree.
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2,060
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Please write an abstract with title: Single- and Multi-vehicle Safety Analysis for Internet Rental Bicycles Using Macro-Level Crash Prediction Models, and key words: Roads, Sociology, Bicycles, Predictive models, Computer crashes, Safety, Planning. Abstract: Bicycle crashes are easy to cause casualties, therefore it is necessary to pay attention to bicycle traffic safety. In this study, 159 census tracts within Beijing Sixth Ring Road are utilized. Demographic features, area, location, road network features, and shared bicycle crash data are collected for the research units. Macro-level shared bicycle crash prediction models are developed for total, single- and multi-vehicle crashes separately using negative binomial models. The results show that 1) area and intersection density are positively associated with total shared bicycle crash frequency, while the percentage of population over 64 years old and the percentage of branches in the road network are negatively correlated with total shared bicycle crash frequency; 2) the increase of intersection density has a greater impact on single-vehicle crashes compared to multi-vehicle shared bicycle crashes; 3) higher population density is associated with higher multi-vehicle shared bicycle crash frequency, while it is not associated with single-vehicle crashes. This research provides a theoretical basis for road network safety planning in consideration of cyclists.
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2,061
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Please write an abstract with title: Aviation Safety: An Analysis Of Potential Constraints in Written Communication Processes Of Aviation Industry, and key words: Training, Industries, Terminology, Standards organizations, Layout, Receivers, Organizations. Abstract: Written communication, unlike verbal communication, has one part of the communication loop missing; the receiver does not have the privilege of clarifying his doubts face to face with the sender. This may result in the sender and receiver taking out a different meaning from a common communication. Such a situation could emerge among a diversified workforce. The objectives of this paper are to highlight key constraints in written communication which can affect aviation safety, written communication processes employed in the aviation industry and simultaneously explore the training potential in order to standardize the written communication processes. The methods applied to this research were qualitative in nature. Results of this study reflect a preference towards reading a digital document rather than a hard copy of the same. Local/native languages have an effect on the English language. Owing to the differences in educational level, cultural background, the experience and exposure of the professionals, a document could be read and understood differently by different individuals. The style of the documents, such as clarity, simplicity, tone and brevity, can affect the reader’s ability to understand the information. Document layout, fonts, colour coding, are critical issues in timely and effective comprehension of information. Handwritten notes followed by schematic diagrams emerged as the most difficult documents to read and understand. The findings led to the following notable recommendations: frequent training of aviation staff under the guidance of some international body following a global and uniformed standard; development of standardized terminologies for recurring tasks and responsibilities; periodic assessment of written records carried out by different staff members.
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2,062
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Please write an abstract with title: Economic Analysis of Ice-storage in Multiple Energy Systems: An Real-world Case Study, and key words: Cooling, Internet, Matrix converters, Energy conversion, Erbium, Resistance heating. Abstract: Integrating multiple energy systems (MES) such as gas, power, heat, and cooling systems is an effective way to improve the overall efficiency of the whole energy systems. MES is viewed as an important component of the construction of Energy Internet. There have been various demonstration projects for MES all around China since the government called for the construction of Energy Internet. This paper conducts real-world case studies on an MES in one Energy Internet demonstration project in Zhuhai, China, especially for the economic analysis of the role of ice-storage in the MES. Four scenarios with/without ice-storage are compared. Results show that the introduction of ice-storage can reduce the overall cost and lower the capacity requirement of other energy conversions in the MES.
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2,063
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Please write an abstract with title: Dense Depth-Map Estimation Based on Fusion of Event Camera and Sparse LiDAR, and key words: Cameras, Laser radar, Point cloud compression, Estimation, Three-dimensional displays, Robot vision systems, Casting. Abstract: Depth-map estimation reflects the geometry of the visible surface in the environment directly and plays an important role in perception and decision for intelligent robots. However, sparse LiDAR only provides low-resolution depth information, which is a huge challenge for accurate sensing algorithms. To address this problem, this article proposes a novel fusion framework to generate dense depth-map based on event camera and sparse LiDAR. The approach uses the geometric information provided by the point cloud as prior knowledge and clusters point cloud data by an improved density clustering algorithm. Combined with the 3-D surface model of each cluster, the approach can provide 3-D reconstructions of the coordinate points of events and further obtain the dense-depth map by depth expansion and hole filling. Finally, we deploy our approach in MVSEC datasets and real-world applications. Experimental results show that, compared with other approaches, our approach can obtain more accurate depth information.
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2,064
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Please write an abstract with title: Real Time 3D Face Pose Tracking From an Uncalibrated Camera, and key words: Cameras, Face detection, Lighting, Kalman filters, Filtering, Eyes, Real time systems, Image sequences, Time factors, Matched filters. Abstract: We propose a new near-real time technique for 3D face pose tracking from a monocular image sequence obtained from a n uncalibrated camera. The basic idea behind our approach is that instead of treating 2D face detection and 3D face pose estimation separately, we perform simultaneous 2D face detection and 3D face pose tracking. Specifically, 3D face pose at a time instant is constrained by the face dynamics using Kalman Filtering and by the face appearance in the image. The use of Kalman Filtering limits possible 3D face poses to a small range while the best matching between the actual face image and the projected face image allows to pinpoint the exact 3D face pose. Face matching is formulatd as an optimization problem so that the exact face location and 3D face pose can be estimated efficiently. Another major feature of our approach lies in the use of active IR illumination, which allows to robustly detect eyes. The detected eyes can in turn constrain the face in the image and regularize the 3D face pose, therefore the tracking drift issue can be avoided and the processing can speedup. Finally, the face model is dynamically updated to account for variations in face appearances caused by face pose, face expression, illumination and the combination of them. Compared with the existing 3D face pose tracking techniques, our technique has the following benefits. First, our technique can track face and face pose simultaneously in real time, which as been implemented as a real time working system. Second, only one uncalibrated camera is needed for our technique, which will make our system very easy to set up. Third, our technique can handle facial expression change, face occlusion and illumination change, which will make our system work under real life conditions.
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2,065
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Please write an abstract with title: Maximum weighted likelihood via rival penalized EM for density mixture clustering with automatic model selection, and key words: Clustering algorithms, Stochastic processes, Algorithm design and analysis, Color, Image segmentation, Expectation-maximization algorithms, Image analysis, Vector quantization, Data mining, Image processing. Abstract: Expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm (A.P. Dempster et al., 1977) has been extensively used in density mixture clustering problems, but it is unable to-perform model selection automatically. This paper, therefore, proposes to learn the model parameters via maximizing a weighted likelihood. Under a specific weight design, we give out a rival penalized expectation-maximization (RPEM) algorithm, which makes the components in a density mixture compete each other at each time step. Not only are the associated parameters of the winner updated to adapt to an input, but also all rivals' parameters are penalized with the strength proportional to the corresponding posterior density probabilities. Compared to the EM algorithm (A.P. Dempster et al., 1977), the RPEM is able to fade out the redundant densities from a density mixture during the learning process. Hence, it can automatically select an appropriate number of densities in density mixture clustering. We experimentally demonstrate its outstanding performance on Gaussian mixtures and color image segmentation problem. Moreover, a simplified version of RPEM generalizes our recently proposed RPCCL algorithm (Y.M. Cheung, 2002) so that it is applicable to elliptical clusters as well with any input proportion. Compared to the existing heuristic RPCL (L. Xu et al., 1993) and its variants, this generalized RPCCL (G-RPCCL) circumvents the difficult preselection of the so-called delearning rate. Additionally, a special setting of the G-RPCCL not only degenerates to RPCL and its Type A variant, but also gives a guidance to choose an appropriate delearning rate for them. Subsequently, we propose a stochastic version of RPCL and its type A variant, respectively, in which the difficult selection problem of delearning rate has been novelly circumvented. The experiments show the promising results of this stochastic implementation.
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2,066
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Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Analysis, Design, and Optimal Methodology of High-Frequency Oscillation for Dual Active Bridge Converters With WBG Switching Devices and Nanocrystalline Transformer Cores, and key words: Hafnium oxide, Capacitance, Power transformer insulation, Windings, Integrated circuit modeling, Transformer cores, Oscillators. Abstract: With the fast development of advanced switches and magnetic cores, high-frequency oscillation (HFO) caused by high dv/dt of fast switching devices and stray capacitances of transformer in dual active bridge (DAB) presents a significantly challenge. In this article, a comprehensive analysis, design, and optimal methodology of HFO for DAB with wideband gap (WBG) switching devices and nanocrystalline transformer cores is proposed. The stray parameters equivalent circuit of DAB is built and the key influencing factors to mitigated the HFO are identified by establishing a time-domain analytical model. Based on the theoretical analysis, this article points out for the first time that the traditional method of decreasing the stray capacitance of the transformer to eliminate HFO is not suitable for high dv/dt occasions when using WBG switching devices. Correspondingly, a novel elimination method of HFO by equating the voltage changing time of dv/dt to the oscillation cycle is proposed, through which the minimum voltage spike amplitude (VSA) of HFO can be achieved mathematically. A 6.6-kW DAB prototype with three different transformers is developed and an approximately 95% reduction of the VSA can be achieved when the proposed HFO elimination method is adopted, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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2,067
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Please write an abstract with title: Fast Power System Event Identification Using Enhanced LSTM Network With Renewable Energy Integration, and key words: Feature extraction, Phasor measurement units, Renewable energy sources, Correlation, Event detection. Abstract: Accurate and fast event identification in power systems is critical for taking timely controls to avoid instability. In this paper, a synchrophasor measurement-based fast and robust event identification method is proposed considering different penetration levels of renewable energy. A difference Teager-Kaiser energy operator (dTKEO)-based algorithm is first proposed to improve multiple-events detection accuracy. Then, feature extractions via the integrated additive angular margin (AAM) loss and the long short-term memory (LSTM) network are developed. This allows us to deal with intra-class similarity and inter-class variance of events when high penetration renewable energy occurs. With the extracted features, a multi-stage weighted summing (MSWS) loss-based criterion is developed for adaptive data window determination and fast event pre-classification. Finally, the re-identification model based on feature similarity is established to identify unknown events, a challenge for existing machine learning algorithms. Simulation results on the IEEE 39-bus, Kundur 2-area, and an actual large-scale power grid system are used to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method over others.
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2,068
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Please write an abstract with title: Enhanced Generalization Performance for Motor Imagery BCI via Sensory Stimulation, and key words: Support vector machines, Wrist, Protocols, Mechatronics, Machine vision, Calibration, Decoding. Abstract: In this work, sensory stimulation (SS) is introduced for motor imagery (MI) decoding. Subjects are instructed to focus on sensation when the left or right wrist is tactile stimulated during the SS block, and they are required to perform left or right-hand imaginary movements during the MI block. The experiment paradigm involves three blocks, namely Pre-MI block, SS block, and Post-MI block. Each block contains 80 trials, and the Post-MI block is served as an evaluation block. Three calibration protocols are developed for the comparison of generalization performance. Concretely, MI calibration using trials from the Pre-MI block, SS calibration using trials from the SS block, and Mixed calibration using the first two blocks together. Four BCI naïve subjects are recruited in the study. The calibration is conducted by using common spatial pattern (CSP) features with the linear support vector machine (SVM). The experiment results have shown that SS calibration can be used for MI decoding. Meanwhile, Mixed calibration yields better generalization performance compared to MI calibration. The tactile sensation-induced oscillatory dynamics are similar to the one induced by MI. The proposed Mixed calibration is a promising calibration protocol for MI decoding.
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2,069
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Please write an abstract with title: Temperature Annealing Knowledge Distillation from Averaged Teacher, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Annealing, Computational modeling, Conferences, Neural networks, Memory management. Abstract: Despite the success of deep neural networks (DNNs) in almost every field, their deployment on edge devices has been restricted due to the significant memory and computational resource requirements. Among various model compression techniques for DNNs, Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a simple but effective one, which transfers the knowledge of a large teacher model to a smaller student model. However, as pointed out in the literature, the student is unable to mimic the teacher perfectly even when it has sufficient capacity. As a result, the student may not be able to retain the teacher's accuracy. What's worse, the student performance may be impaired by the wrong knowledge and potential over- regularization effect of the teacher. In this paper, we propose a novel method TAKDAT which is short for Temperature Annealing Knowledge Distillation from A veraged Teacher. Specifically, TAKDAT comprises of two con-tributions: 1) we propose to use an averaged teacher, which is an equally weighted average of model checkpoints traversed by SGD, in the distillation. Compared to a normal teacher, an averaged teacher provides richer similarity information and has less wrong knowledge; 2) we propose a temperature annealing scheme to gradually reduce the regularization effect of the teacher. Finally, extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of TAKDAT, e.g., it achieves a test accuracy of 74.31 % on CIFARI00 for ResNet32.
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2,070
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Please write an abstract with title: Gene Screening for Autism Based on Cell-type-specific Predictive Models, and key words: Predictive models, Neurons, Training, Boosting, Stochastic processes, Analytical models, Gene expression. Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with substantial genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Recent studies based on bulk RNA-seq data of brains from ASD patients have revealed the affected pathways in ASD, while the cell type heterogeneity of ASD is still needed to be explored. Gene prioritization studies can be conducted for screening gene candidates with high confidence, providing new insights for experimental studies. Based on the single-nucleus RNA-seq data of brains from ASD and healthy individuals, we identify cell-type-specific differential expressed genes by applying three kinds of methods for differential expression analysis and then construct cell-type-specific classification models for ASD adopting the algorithm of stochastic gradient boosting. We find layer 2/3 and 4 excitatory neurons, layer 5/6 cortico-cortical projection neurons, and protoplasmic astrocytes are vulnerable in ASD. Then we calculate gene importance to prioritize cell-type-specific differential expressed genes, and compare the top important genes across different cell types. Our results suggest that causal genes are distinct and dysregulated gene functions are different across brain cells in ASD. The constructed classification models can predict the diagnosis for a nucleus with given cell type, promoting the detection of ASD. The prioritized cell-type-specific genes may be used as potential ASD biomarkers, promoting the development of effective interventions.
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2,071
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Please write an abstract with title: Smart Car Parking with the assistance of Line Following Robot, and key words: Automobiles, Robot sensing systems, Intelligent sensors, Color. Abstract: This paper proposes a smart indoor car parking system that can be time and cost effective at the same time. The term “assistance” stands to signify that the parking will be conducted by line following robots carrying the car from the entrance of the parking area. In this paper we have discussed a real-life implementation of a conventional line following robot, using it for the indoor car parking system enhancement through some additional features; other than only following a line. Our proposed system will have its implementation cost really low due to the ease of availability of the required technology. The technologies available in the market at present in order to help with indoor car parking; mostly require some extra structural designs which can only be installed during the construction of new buildings. However, existing traditional parking systems are huge in numbers and cannot be reconstructed in a convenient manner to match those systems; even sometimes the renovation is impossible in some cases. Therefore, our newly featured line following robot can be a proposed solution to those existing problems in the available indoor car parking systems giving an efficient alternative for the users.
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2,072
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Please write an abstract with title: Two distributed reactive MPLS traffic engineering mechanisms for throughput optimization in best effort MPLS networks, and key words: Multiprotocol label switching, Telecommunication traffic, Throughput, Intelligent networks, Traffic control, Systems engineering and theory, Proposals, Bidirectional control, Knowledge engineering, Communication networks. Abstract: This paper describes a scalable distributed reactive MPLS traffic engineering system, which can be used for throughput optimization of best effort traffic in IP networks. The load rebalancing in the system is realized either by path rerouting or by multi path balancing. To prevent the system from routing oscillations, the distributed traffic engineering units coordinate the load rebalancing actions by using routing update messages. It is shown by simulation, that the reactive MPLS traffic engineering system performs well in great networks and optimizes the network throughput dramatically compared to shortest path routing. The path rerouting and multi path balancing approach reach comparable results while the multi path balancing performs slightly better in the presented scenario. To evaluate the reactive MPLS traffic engineering approaches in realistic network scenarios, a scalable rate based simulation environment is used.
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2,073
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Please write an abstract with title: A General Framework for Decentralized Safe Optimal Control of Connected and Automated Vehicles in Multi-Lane Signal-Free Intersections, and key words: Optimal control, Safety, Trajectory, Roads, Vehicle dynamics, Optimization, Automation. Abstract: We address the problem of optimally controlling Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) arriving from four multi-lane roads at a signal-free intersection where they conflict in terms of safely crossing (including turns) with no collision. The objective is to jointly minimize the travel time and energy consumption of each CAV while ensuring safety. This problem was solved in prior work for single-lane roads. A direct extension to multiple lanes on each road is limited by the computational complexity required to obtain an explicit optimal control solution. Instead, we propose a general framework that first converts a multi-lane intersection problem into a decentralized optimal control problem for each CAV with less conservative safety constraints than prior work. We then employ a method combining optimal control and control barrier functions, which has been shown to efficiently track tractable unconstrained optimal CAV trajectories while also guaranteeing the satisfaction of all constraints. Simulation examples are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed framework under symmetric and asymmetric intersection geometries and different CAV sequencing policies.
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2,074
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Please write an abstract with title: Petri net based fault diagnosis of discrete event systems, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Discrete event systems, Fault detection, Petri nets, Differential equations, Automata, Event detection, Testing, Observability. Abstract: This paper deals with model based fault diagnosis of discrete event systems (DES). A methodology for building DES models using interpreted Petri nets (IPN) is presented; then the fault diagnosis problem is stated and the diagnosability property is defined. An algorithm for determining the current k - th post failure state of a partially measurable DES is proposed.
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2,075
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Please write an abstract with title: Online Solution Based on Machine Learning for IT Project Management in Software Factory Companies, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Costs, Correlation, Machine learning, Companies, Predictive models, Software. Abstract: Project Portfolio Management is relevant for the growth of companies since it favors planning. Project Portfolio Management manages the resources to plan, control, and execute projects and obtain the strategic objectives of the organizations. In Project Portfolio Management, a large amount of data is forged, important for planning new projects in companies; therefore, the need arises to create models that help process and interpret the data. In this context, Machine Learning is presented as a technological enabler that allows a system, by itself and in an automated way, to learn to discover trends, patterns, and relationships between data; it is an engine of digital transformation of business and that organizations are embracing. Therefore, this article aims to compile and review proposals made to implement machine learning in the management of the project portfolio and apply algorithms that allow the development of models that help in the management and evaluation of projects to be developed in a Software Factory. The CRISP-DM methodology is applied to process the data of costs, times, and types of Projects; the Python programming language is used, the dataset corresponds to a Software Factory. The results validate the models implemented using Machine Learning algorithms, such as regression and decision trees, and thereby obtain the best model for predictions, establishing the correlation between variables and the benefit to be achieved. It is concluded, the implementation of Machine Learning improves the IT Project Portfolio Management, helping to identify which projects are more profitable and beneficial.
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2,076
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Please write an abstract with title: Stochastic Resource Allocation for Electricity Distribution Network Resilience, and key words: Maintenance engineering, Resource management, Microgrids, Reactive power, Voltage control, Storms, Uncertainty. Abstract: In recent years, it has become crucial to improve the resilience of electricity distribution networks (DNs) against storm-induced failures. Microgrids enabled by Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) can significantly help speed up re-energization of loads, particularly in the complete absence of bulk power supply. We describe an integrated approach which considers a pre-storm DER allocation problem under the uncertainty of failure scenarios as well as a post-storm dispatch problem in microgrids during the multi-period repair of the failed components. This problem is computationally challenging because the number of scenarios (resp. binary variables) increases exponentially (resp. quadratically) in the network size. Our overall solution approach for solving the resulting two-stage mixed-integer linear program (MILP) involves implementing the sample average approximation (SAA) method and Benders Decomposition. Additionally, we implement a greedy approach to reduce the computational time requirements of the post-storm repair scheduling and dispatch problem. The optimality of the resulting solution is evaluated on a modified IEEE 36-node network.
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2,077
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Please write an abstract with title: STICKER-T: An Energy-Efficient Neural Network Processor Using Block-Circulant Algorithm and Unified Frequency-Domain Acceleration, and key words: Artificial neural networks, Computer architecture, Frequency-domain analysis, Acceleration, Technological innovation, Integrated circuit modeling, Computational modeling. Abstract: The emerging edge intelligence requires low-cost energy-efficient neural network (NN) processors. Supporting various types of edge NN models leads to extra circuit overhead. Designing a unified NN processor with high energy/area efficiency is challenging. This work presents a frequency-domain-accelerated unified NN processor, named STICKER-T. It combines algorithm, architecture, and circuit-level optimization to achieve high energy/area efficiency. By utilizing the block-circulant NN (CirCNN) algorithm, this work supports frequency-domain acceleration and a unified workflow for convolutional, fully connected, and recurrent NN (CNN/FC/RNN). Three key innovations are proposed. First, a block-circulant-accelerated chip architecture is implemented to support unified CNN/FC/RNN workflow. Second, a multi-bit 8-128-point global-parallel local-bit-serial fast Fourier transform (FFT) module is designed for efficient high-throughput FFT/inverse FFT (IFFT) operation. Third, by utilizing a 6T hierarchical-bitline-switching transpose-SRAM (HBST-TRAM), 2-D data reuse is enabled in the proposed multi-bit frequency-domain multiply-accumulate (MAC) array. STICKER-T was fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology. It can operate at 0.54-1.15 V and 25-200 MHz with 13.3-339-mW power consumption. The peak energy efficiency achieves 140.3 TOPS/W. It shows 8.1 × area efficiency and 4.2 × energy efficiency at 4-bit precision compared with the state-of-the-art reconfigurable NN processor.
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2,078
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Please write an abstract with title: Human Following Robot using Kinect in Embedded Platform, and key words: Location awareness, Torso, Target tracking, Process control, Vision sensors, Signal processing, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: This paper presents an embedded robotic system using Kinect sensor technology that is utilized to detect an individual target and track its movement in the surrounding. The developed system integrates both the features of computer vision and embedded robotics simultaneously. In this paper, a skeleton-based tracking algorithm is used because tracking plays an important role in localization and mapping. This system uses a gesture-based recognition that relies on Microsoft Kinect XBox 360 instead of a standard touch-based control system that can be utilized as a stand-alone system or subsystem to integrate into a larger system. The Kinect sensor captures the 3-dimensional information of the surroundings and recognizes the human body by retrieving the depth information that does not require wearing any kind of intrusive sensors. Firstly, this robotic system follows an individual by detection of torso point that is required for steering and maintaining a fixed safe distance for localization and mapping and provides a robust and reliable system. The proposed system can be utilized in a wide variety of applications such as work assistants, luggage carrying carts, etc.
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2,079
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Please write an abstract with title: Development of Hybrid Energy System for Streetlight in Ayer Hitam, Johor Using MATLAB/Simulink, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Wind energy, Hybrid power systems, Synchronous generators, Permanent magnets, Research and development, Matlab. Abstract: Through the era of globalization, the aims to increase the using of renewable energy in many applications had become vital. The form of Hybrid Energy System (HES) by using solar and wind energy can produce power to supply several types of load including streetlight. This research aims to analyze the power output of a standalone hybrid PV solar and wind energy system by using MATLAB/SIMULINK based on data collection in Ayer Hitam, Johor, Malaysia. Both systems are connected to the common load through DC link. The power output of this hybrid energy system is used to supply the streetlight. The model of wind system is developed by using the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The performance for each system is analyzed.
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2,080
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Please write an abstract with title: Extending the C+L System Bandwidth versus Exploiting Part of the S-band: Network Capacity and Interface Count Comparison, and key words: Europe, Bandwidth, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: In this work, the network capacity and device count (amplifiers and interfaces) are investigated for different multi-band approaches, highlighting the trade-off between exploiting part of the S-band and extending C+L-band systems.
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2,081
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Please write an abstract with title: Resonant Transfer Between Filters of Uequal Bandwidth and Its Applications, and key words: Resonance, Filters, Bandwidth, Communication switching, Switches, Switching circuits, Baseband, Frequency conversion, Equations, Frequency division multiplexing. Abstract: The resonant transfer process is extended to include greater generality. This leads to certain new applications. Baseband-to-baseband resonant transfer transmission has been used for a number of years in the area of time division switching. In addition, recently the more general concept of single-sideband-tosingle-sideband transmission, which would include the baseband-tobaseband case, has been used to obtain frequency division multiplexing. This technique allows time division switching and frequency division multiplexing to be combined into one common operation. Such an integrated system has been labeled integrated switching and multiplexing (ISAM). In this paper, the generality is carried one step further. The restriction that the input and output resonant transfer filters each cover a single-sideband frequency region has been removed. Instead, the filters are allowed to cover one or more such regions. This leads to the concept of lossless resonant transfer transmission between filters of unequal bandwidth. The reason for considering this is that several applications involving this type of operation have become apparent. Two of the more important of these applications have to do with the insertion of signaling information into the ISAM system and with establishing conferencing connections within the system. This new mode of resonant transfer transmission is rigorously analyzed and the applications discussed. These techniques are equally applicable to conventional basebandto-baseband time division switching.
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2,082
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Please write an abstract with title: Advanced prediction of Heart diseases using Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm, and key words: Heart, Training, Computational modeling, Cardiac arrest, Organizations, Electrocardiography, Predictive models. Abstract: As per the statistics stated in the year 2019 by WHO (World Health Organization), about 70% of deaths among the people aged above 40 years is due to heart attack. Main reason behind this is lack of earlier prediction of heart attacks. In order to improve the country's health care sector, it is a basic necessary to predict the heart attacks earlier and prevent deaths among the individuals. Prediction of heart related issues is done with the help of ECG (Electrocardiogram) data and also the clinical data. Here, the data is to be fed for non linear prediction of the disease. This monitoring module has to be made available for detecting atrial, myocardial, bradycardia, tachycardia, and fibrillation. An efficient method has been leveraged for acquiring clinical data and ECG data is proposed for training the neural network and accurately diagnose the functioning of heart and predict the abnormalities. The proposed work is divided into three steps. In the first step, the ECG of the patient is collected using the 3 led pre-jelled electrodes [2], [18]. ECG which is acquired is processed then filtered and amplified for removing noise. Ana log signal is then converted into the digital one. In the second step, heart rate(HR), FBS (fasting blood sugar), MAP(Mean Arterial Pressure), cholesterol(CH) along with gender is collected. Finally neural network is used for training and testing purpose.
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2,083
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Please write an abstract with title: Drop-In Motors: What You Need to Consider Beyond the Bolt Pattern, and key words: Rotors, Induction motors, Torque, Resonant frequency, Couplings, Vibrations, Shafts, Medium voltage , Electric motors, Costs, Energy efficiency. Abstract: The push to improve efficiency and lower costs has impacted electric motors. It is not uncommon to see a reduction in mass for modern medium-voltage machines, and the actual footprint of newer machines is smaller in most cases, too. Many drop-in motors (mechanically interchangeable) perform very well. There are design constraints that may be overlooked when ordering a functional drop-in replacement machine. Depending on the power, size, and speed of a motor, failure to meet the minimum base stiffness requirements can cause severe vibration issues. The combination of a transition base with a machine of a different mass can cause resonance problems, which can cost more than the motor to resolve. Changing from a stiff to a flexible rotor can result in unexpected vibration without an easy solution. The issues described in this article could be experienced by any end user, regardless of the original equipment manufacturer.
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2,084
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis on the Construction of Personalized Teaching System Based on Cloud Computing Platform, and key words: Courseware, Cloud computing, Education, Data models, Predictive models, Analytical models, Computational modeling. Abstract: With the rapid expansion of national colleges and universities, many offices and school districts in colleges and universities are in a very dispersed state. In addition, the amount of teaching management information in colleges and universities is constantly increasing, thus increasing the difficulty of college teaching management. Compared with the traditional configuration of software, hardware and stand-alone mode, cloud computing mode has obvious advantages. In the process of providing network services, the functions of software and hardware can be brought into full play. Through this technology, user terminals can also be transformed into interactive tools in cloud networks, so that some functions that can only be run on large hosts can be realized with the help of user terminals. In this paper, the design and implementation of the application system based on cloud platform are studied for the college teaching management system. The cloud platform model is designed on the basis of multiple computer resources, which greatly improves the computing function and storage function of the management application platform.
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2,085
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Please write an abstract with title: Ultrawideband planar disc monopole, and key words: Ultra wideband technology, Broadband antennas, Impedance, Bandwidth, Antennas and propagation, Microstrip antennas, Electrons, Antenna radiation patterns, Wireless communication, Mobile antennas. Abstract: A new ultrawideband, sleeved transmission line- fed rectangular planar disc monopole antenna with a considerably small ground plane size is presented. Experiments have been carried out to investigate the impedance and radiation behavior of the antenna and the results are compared with the numerically simulated data. The antenna offers an ultrabroadband performance in the frequency band 0.5-9.0 GHz with a VSWR of less than 2.5:1.
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2,086
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Please write an abstract with title: Nonrigid registration of 3-D free-hand ultrasound images of the breast, and key words: Ultrasonic imaging, Breast, Diseases, Two dimensional displays, Biological tissues, Image processing, Statistics, Bayesian methods, Spline, Imaging phantoms. Abstract: Three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound imaging of the breast enables better assessment of diseases than conventional two-dimensional (2-D) imaging. Free-hand techniques are often used for generating 3-D data from a sequence of 2-D slice images. However, the breast deforms substantially during scanning because it is composed primarily of soft tissue. This often causes tissue misregistration in spatial compounding of multiple scan sweeps. To overcome this problem, in this paper, instead of introducing additional constraints on scanning conditions, we use image processing techniques. We present a fully automatic algorithm for 3-D nonlinear registration of free-hand ultrasound data. It uses a block matching scheme and local statistics to estimate local tissue deformation. A Bayesian regularization method is applied to the sample displacement field. The final deformation field is obtained by fitting a B-spline approximating mesh to the sample displacement field. Registration accuracy is evaluated using phantom data and similar registration errors are achieved with (0.19 mm) and without (0.16 mm) gaps in the data. Experimental results show that registration is crucial in spatial compounding of different sweeps. The execution time of the method on moderate hardware is sufficiently fast for fairly large research studies.
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2,087
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Please write an abstract with title: Formal and ethical aspects of security in public spaces, and key words: Ethical aspects, Buildings, Space technology, Security, Architecture, Process design, Safety, Privatization, Ethics. Abstract: According to John Habraken, there is today a tension between the planners' tendency to expand public space and the citizens' wish to extend their private control over that same space. Processes of appropriation and exclusion governing the public space geared by policies intended to increase security must therefore be concurrently informed to address the complexities of social reality. As far as architectural solutions and urban forms are concerned, the pattern of building placement, together with the size of the development and the grain of zoning of the area where it stands, are all major factors on the production of a spatially fit and a socially just hierarchy of territories.
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2,088
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Please write an abstract with title: A mechanism for human - robot interaction through informal voice commands, and key words: Human robot interaction, Command and control systems, Intelligent robots, Speech analysis, Computer science, Engines, Speech recognition, Context, Face detection, Text recognition. Abstract: Interaction between humans and robots must, necessarily, be in a manner that is natural to humans, such as informal speech. While verbal command and control systems are fairly common, the human must know the exact phrases to issue in order for their robotic partner to respond appropriately. These systems define a few grammar rules that are used to match against incoming utterances. Here, we present a method of using these same grammar rules to expand the capabilities of command and control engines to include semantically similar utterances. Preliminary results from an experimental simulation are presented along with a detailed methodology of a recently completed study aimed at collecting human speech for a more rigorous analysis.
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2,089
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Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Electro-Kinetic Model for Material Transport on Cr Thin Films, and key words: Electrodes, Liquids, Lithography, Chromium, Chemical reactions, Electric fields, Nanotechnology. Abstract: Material transport in liquid phase is observed when high magnitude electric field is applied on chromium (Cr) thin films. The high electric field assist in the initiation of a chemical reaction that results in formation of a liquid material. The liquid material appears to flow out in a radially symmetric manner from the negative electrode. The material transport phenomena on Cr thin films are used for a lithography process, known as electrolithography (ELG). Various electrical parameters can be varied in order to control the rate of material transport. However, it is crucial to understand how the electrical properties of the material evolve, which will help us to control the electrical parameters efficiently in order to get steady patterns. In this paper, an improved model is proposed to help understand this material transport phenomenon from an electrical aspect and help attain a greater command over the ELG process. The proposed model is verified using experimental results.
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2,090
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Please write an abstract with title: Wireless System for Real-Time Recording of Heart Rate Variability for Home Nursing, and key words: Real time systems, Heart rate variability, Medical services, Electrocardiography, Atrial fibrillation, Biomedical engineering, Heart rate, Rhythm, Data acquisition, Biomedical informatics. Abstract: Modern wireless communication technologies offer new possibilities for patient monitoring in hospitals, as well as at home or in outdoor environments. In this paper, we present a wireless system for ECG recordings and real-time analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). The system also makes it possible for distance consultation, for example with a specialist in cardiology, with the help of a WEB-solution
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2,091
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Please write an abstract with title: Filter design for LPV systems using biquadratic Lyapunov functions, and key words: Lyapunov method, Design methodology, Robustness, Linear matrix inequalities, State-space methods, Space technology, Nonlinear filters, Stability analysis, Process control, Process design. Abstract: This paper considers gain-scheduled H/sub /spl infin// and H/sub 2/ filters for linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems and proposes methods for their design using biquadratic Lyapunov functions. Robust filter design is included in our formulation as a special case. The LPV systems are represented with affine matrices of parameters in their state space representations, and the parameters are supposed to be in a given convex region. The proposed design methods are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) that are affine functions of parameters.
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2,092
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Please write an abstract with title: Field radiated by a leaky wave slot fed by dipole: uniform asymptotic solution, and key words: Magnetic separation, Green's function methods, Information analysis, Magnetic analysis, Surface waves, Apertures, Diffraction, Prototypes, Geometry, Etching. Abstract: The magnetic current excited by an electric dipole on a slot printed between two different homogeneous media has been derived in analytical form under the non restrictive assumption of small slot width in terms of wavelength (see Neto, A. and Maci, S., Technical Report No D/21321, California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory). Starting from this magnetic current, we constructed a ray-optical field structure in the denser medium from a space-domain stationary phase approximation (see Neto and Maci, ibid., p.490-3), finding leaky and lateral wave rays emerging from separated points on the slot axis and propagating with the ambient wavespeed along the surface of radiation cones. We derive a rigorous pole saddle point uniform asymptotic solution starting from the continuous spectrum representation of the Green's function solution. Regarding the lateral wave, its higher radial asymptotic order legitimates its negligibility in the present uniform asymptotic evaluation. The result obtained, and the physical insight gained, from this prototype solution provides a further building block for extension to more general Green's function problems of open or semi-open waveguiding and leaky structures.
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2,093
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Please write an abstract with title: A non-work-conserving scheduler to provide proportional delay Differentiated Services, and key words: Atherosclerosis, Load modeling, Delay effects, Information management, Scheduling algorithm, Quality of service, Quality management, Pricing, Proportional control, Telecommunication traffic. Abstract: The proportional delay differentiation (PDD) model provides a consistent packet delay differentiation between classes of service. So far, present schedulers performing the PDD model still cannot achieve desired delay proportion observed under light load, or in all timescales under moderate load. Thus, we propose a nonwork-conserving (NWC) scheduler, which utilizes the pseudo-waiting time for an empty queue and forces each class to compare its priority with those of all other classes. Simulation results reveal that NWC outperforms all current schedulers in achieving the PDD model.
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2,094
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Please write an abstract with title: A fingerprint segmentation method using a recurrent neural network, and key words: Fingerprint recognition, Recurrent neural networks, Image sensors, Fingers, Neurons, Image matching, Image segmentation, Histograms, Optical sensors, Sensor systems. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a segmentation method for identifying a fingerprint image with the variation of vertical length using a recurrent neural network (RNN). Group delay spectra and histograms of horizontal pixel line are used as input features fed into the RNN and two target output patterns with and without consideration of state dependency are introduced for learning. The method composed of the histogram learning and the state-dependent target indicates the best performance. When the tolerable segmentation error is 60 pixels, a segmentation rate of 97.2% is obtained. In comparison with the rule-based method, this method has an advantage of about 10%. Furthermore, we show that this method has a characteristic different from the rule-based method in regard to segmentation faults, and the learning with the state-dependent target is more effective than that without the dependency.
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2,095
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Please write an abstract with title: Exploiting Aerial Imagery for Supervised Learning of SAR Despeckling Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Industries, Image segmentation, Supervised learning, Neural networks, Training data, Interference. Abstract: Many applications utilizing SAR data, such as change detection, segmentation and classification, are impaired by the multiplicative speckle interference inherent in the imagery. Thus despeckling of SAR imagery is a often the key to developing robust algorithms for scene understanding. In recent years numerous deep learning-based approaches to speckle reduction have been proposed. However, the performance of these methods has largely failed to meet the expectations of researchers and industry alike. A key reason for this is due to the lack of accurate SAR-based ground truth training data. In this paper we propose the use of very high-resolution (VHR), low speckle aerial imagery and an accurate speckle model, as a ground truth signal for training a despeckling network based on the DnCNN architecture. Furthermore, we investigate modifications to the training formulation and finally demostrate the approach on Capella-2 VHR X-band imagery.
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2,096
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Please write an abstract with title: Achieving Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Set Containment Search Over Encrypted Data, and key words: Servers, Encryption, Data models, Search problems, Databases, Cloud computing, Symmetric matrices. Abstract: Set containment search, which aims to retrieve all set records containing a specific query set, has received considerable attention. Meanwhile, due to the dramatic growth of data, data owners tend to outsource their data to the cloud and deploy the cloud server to offer the set containment search services. However, as the cloud server is not fully trustable and the data may be sensitive, a straightforward strategy for the data owners is to encrypt the data before outsourcing them. Although the encryption technique can preserve data privacy, it inevitably hinders the functionality of set containment search. Many existing studies on the set containment search over outsourced data still suffer from the search efficiency and security issues. In this article, aiming at the above issues, we propose an efficient and privacy-preserving set containment search scheme. Specifically, we first deploy an asymmetric scalar-product-preserving encryption technique to design a set containment/intersection encryption (SCIE-Enc) scheme. Then, we build a radix tree to represent the set records. Based on the radix tree and SCIE-Enc construction, we present our scheme that can achieve efficient set containment search while preserving the privacy of set records, query sets, and query results, as indicated in our security analysis and performance evaluation.
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2,097
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Please write an abstract with title: Modelling Solar Powered UAV-BS for 5G and Beyond, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Power supplies, Systems operation, Production, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Stability analysis, Batteries. Abstract: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles equipped with Base Stations (UAV-BSs) are considered an effective solution to dynamically provide additional capacity in Radio Access Networks (RANs), in case of network congestion or emergency situations. To face the problem of the poor energy availability provided by on-board batteries, UAV-BSs can be equipped with Photovoltaic (PV) panels. To investigate and understand the complex interworking between traffic needs and energy availability, in this paper, we propose a model of a PV-panel-powered Long Term Evolution (LTE) Multi User Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) UAV-BS, using a discretized representation of the energy in terms of Energy Packets (EPs). The model highlights the different operation regions under which the traffic demand can be satisfied for given energy production levels. Results for winter and summer seasons that take into account daily traffic and energy production variability are shown and can be used to properly dimension the UAV-BS power supply system.
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2,098
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Please write an abstract with title: Mean Field Stochastic Growth with Relative Utility and Common Noise, and key words: Economics, Analytical models, Conferences, Stochastic processes, Games, Production, Mathematical models. Abstract: We consider mean field games in the setting of stochastic growth where each player’s capital stock is described by Cobb-Douglas production dynamics subject to stochastic depreciation and common noise. We combine both one’s own utility and a relative utility to define the individual utility functions. Due to random mean field dynamics, the analysis of the best response relies on a stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, which in turn induces a special nonlinear backward SDE. We analyze this BSDE and use it to determine the solution equation system of the mean field game. We further extend the analysis to an AK model for growth dynamics.
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2,099
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Please write an abstract with title: Accurate embedding circuit model for terahertz HEB receivers, and key words: Submillimeter wave filters, Coplanar waveguides, Radio frequency, Submillimeter wave measurements, Atmospheric modeling, Slot antennas, Coupling circuits, Detectors, Atmospheric waves, Instruments. Abstract: Slot antennas coupled to coplanar waveguides (CPW) are being developed for quasioptical single-pixel detectors for atmospheric and astronomical instruments in the submillimeter-wave/terahertz frequency range. We present a procedure that characterizes the strong reactive contributions associated with bolometer-to-CPW transition and with the RF band stop filter that connects the mixer to the DC/lF systems of the receiver. First, we briefly describe the geometry of the overall mixer embedding circuit. Then, the CPW parameters (characteristic impedance and propagation constant) are derived. These are both complex due to the fact that there is power leakage associated with the propagating mode. Utilizing these parameters, the phase shift caused by the imaginary part of the RF band stop filter is taken into account. Then the lumped reactances associated with the bolometer-to-CPW transition are included in the equivalent network model. Comparisons between predictions and measurements of submillimeter wave bolometric receivers show very good agreement for frequencies up to 2.5 THz.
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