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Please write an abstract with title: Prior Knowledge Regularized Self-Representation Model for Partial Multilabel Learning, and key words: Data models, Training, Correlation, Training data, Predictive models, Phase locked loops, Task analysis. Abstract: Partial multilabel learning (PML) aims to learn from training data, where each instance is associated with a set of candidate labels, among which only a part is correct. The common strategy to deal with such a problem is disambiguation, that is, identifying the ground-truth labels from the given candidate labels. However, the existing PML approaches always focus on leveraging the instance relationship to disambiguate the given noisy label space, while the potentially useful information in label space is not effectively explored. Meanwhile, the existence of noise and outliers in training data also makes the disambiguation operation less reliable, which inevitably decreases the robustness of the learned model. In this article, we propose a prior label knowledge regularized self-representation PML approach, called PAKS, where the self-representation scheme and prior label knowledge are jointly incorporated into a unified framework. Specifically, we introduce a self-representation model with a low-rank constraint, which aims to learn the subspace representations of distinct instances and explore the high-order underlying correlation among different instances. Meanwhile, we incorporate prior label knowledge into the above self-representation model, where the prior label knowledge is regarded as the complement of features to obtain an accurate self-representation matrix. The core of PAKS is to take advantage of the data membership preference, which is derived from the prior label knowledge, to purify the discovered membership of the data and accordingly obtain more representative feature subspace for model induction. Enormous experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets show that our proposed approach can achieve superior or comparable performance to state-of-the-art approaches.
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3,701
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Please write an abstract with title: Low bit rate, error resilient image communication using nonlinear pre and post-processing and progressive image transmission, and key words: Bit rate, Image communication, Decoding, Image coding, Degradation, Computer errors, Frequency, Streaming media, Error correction, Forward error correction. Abstract: The low bit rate, error resilience image coding method proposed here takes into account the content of an image and yields the least amount of degradation, caused by data loss, in those areas of the image which are of greater interest. This is achieved by employing a non-linear geometrical transform to add redundancy mainly to the region of interest (ROI). The nonlinear transform shifts most of the high frequency components of the image inside ROI to lower frequencies therefore, most of the high frequency components can be discarded. This is achieved effectively by employing the progressive mode of JPEG for encoding the nonlinear transformed image. Simulations show that this approach has acceptable performance. Moreover, the method proposed can be implemented through pre- and post-processing of the image data, without modification to the source codecs (e.g., JPEG).
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3,702
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Please write an abstract with title: A 10-/spl mu/s-tuning MEMS-actuated Gires-Tournois filter for use as a tunable wavelength demultiplexer and a tunable OCDMA encoder/decoder, and key words: Decoding, Optical interferometry, Arrayed waveguide gratings, Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical crosstalk, Optical filters, Micromechanical devices, Voltage, Optical switches, WDM networks. Abstract: We use a wavelength-tunable GTI mux/demux with 10 /spl mu/s switching time to demonstrate rapid wavelength switching of data streams in a WDM system as well as code hopping in a time-wavelength OCDMA system. We observe <0.5dB power-penalty.
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3,703
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of Automatic Leveling Control System for Special Vehicle-mounted Platform, and key words: Missiles, Military computing, Hydraulic drives, Process control, Control systems, Error correction, Reliability. Abstract: Special vehicles often need to keep the body level quickly and accurately when carrying out follow-up control or missile launch. In order to enhance the mobility of the special vehicle during the leveling process, this paper takes the special vehicle as the research object and designs a set of automatic leveling control system. On the basis of hydraulic drive, the automatic leveling system is designed with a compact mobile vehicle controller as the core. The information is transmitted between the modules of the system through the CAN bus, combined with the existing leveling strategy, a leveling strategy combining the angle error control leveling method and the pursuit of the highest support point leveling method is adopted. The test results show that the leveling system has the characteristics of short leveling time, strong stability and high reliability, the leveling accuracy reaches $3\prime$, and the leveling time is within 30s.
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3,704
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Please write an abstract with title: A locally weighted distance measure for example based speech recognition, and key words: Weight measurement, Speech recognition, Hidden Markov models, Covariance matrix, Acoustic measurements, Costs, Spatial databases, Euclidean distance, Vocabulary, Resource management. Abstract: State-of-the-art speech recognition relies on a state-dependent distance measure. In HMM systems, the distance measure is trained into state-dependent covariance matrices using a maximum likelihood or discriminative criterion. This "automatic" adjustment of the distance measure is traditionally considered an inherent advantage of HMMs over DTW (dynamic time warping) recognizers, as those typically rely on a uniform Euclidean distance. We show how to incorporate a non-uniform weighted distance measure into an example-based recognition system. By doing so, we manage to combine the superior segmental behaviour of DTW with the near-optimal acoustic distance measure as found in HMMs. The non-uniform distance measure enforces modifications to the k nearest neighbours search, an essential component in our large vocabulary DTW approach. We show that the complexity of our solution remains within bounds. The validity of the full approach is verified by experimental results on the resource management and TIDigits tasks.
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3,705
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Please write an abstract with title: One class classification using implicit polynomial surface fitting, and key words: Surface fitting, Polynomials, Engines, Clouds, Analysis of variance, Pattern recognition, Inspection, Data analysis, Washing machines, Costs. Abstract: When the number of objects in the training set is too small for the number of features used, most classification procedures cannot find good classification boundaries. In this paper, we introduce a new technique to solve the one class classification problem based on fitting an implicit polynomial surface to the point cloud of features to model the one class which we are trying to separate from the others.
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3,706
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Please write an abstract with title: Step-Up Transformers for PV Plants: Load Loss Estimation under Harmonic Conditions, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Core loss, Clamps. Abstract: In 2010, South Africa introduced the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme to invigorate low-carbon energy generation using renewable energy resources. Amongst the development of wind and hydro plants; solar photovoltaic plants then took off rapidly. The volume of solar PV plants connected to the grid in 2015 and 2016 was unparalleled. However, the solar PV electric power distribution network is challenged with the presence of unacceptable harmonics and distortion content at the point of common coupling due to the switching action of inverters and operation of non-linear loads. It therefore essential to precisely estimate the resultant increased load losses in order to estimate the hot spot temperature and total losses during service.In order to demonstrate the significance of these challenges, this paper provides a comprehensive harmonic analysis of an oil-filled transformer for the supplied geometrical data and harmonic spectrum of an oil-filled transformer. The load losses are evaluated under fundamental and harmonic conditions. The load losses are classified into I2R and stray losses. The I2R losses can be easily obtained by analytical calculations and also through practical measurement. On one hand, analytical calculation of the stray losses cannot give an optimized estimation and practically their immeasurable. In this paper, a 2D FEM model that is dynamic to any transformer geometrical data is developed to produce a pragmatic loss estimation by using knowledge of the magnetic flux density. Generally, analytical formulations neglect the radial magnetic flux density component. During operation, this component becomes predominant towards the winding ends and cannot be disregarded.
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3,707
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Please write an abstract with title: A dispatch strategy for an interline power flow controller operating at rated capacity, and key words: Load flow, Converters, Power conversion, Voltage control, Flexible AC transmission systems, Power system modeling, System testing, Control systems, Stability, Capacitors. Abstract: The maximum dispatch benefit of an interline power flow controller (IPFC) often occurs when it operates at its rated capacity and line flow setpoint regulation is no longer possible. This paper uses injected voltage sources to directly model an IPFC and impose the rating limits in a Newton-Raphson load flow algorithm. A dispatch strategy is proposed for an IPFC operating at rated capacity, in which the power circulation between the two series converters is used as the parameter to optimize the voltage profile and power transfer. Voltage stability curves for two test systems are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of this proposed strategy.
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3,708
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Please write an abstract with title: Centralized and Decentralized Schemes for Platoon Control in Freeway Traffic Systems, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Analytical models, Actuators, Connected vehicles, Conferences, Computer architecture, Traffic control. Abstract: This paper proposes two control architectures to regulate traffic in freeway networks by exploiting the presence of platoons of autonomous and connected vehicles. The idea is based on the assumption that each platoon can be considered as a moving bottleneck that affects the surrounding traffic conditions and then can be adopted as an actuator of traffic control strategies. In this work, the speed of the platoon is considered as a control variable whose profile is defined through two control architectures. In the first scheme, which is a centralized one, the control action is defined by a network supervisor which has complete knowledge of the overall system and also makes predictions about the systems state. In the second scheme which is decentralized, a link supervisor acting in each link of the network is defined. The two schemes are discussed and their effectiveness is analyzed by means of simulations.
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3,709
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Please write an abstract with title: Evidence of strong phonon-assisted resonant intervalley up-transfer for electrons in type-II GaAs-AlAs Superlattices, and key words: Resonance, Laser sintering, Phonons, Electron optics, Optical pumping, Temperature, Semiconductor superlattices, Photoluminescence, Optical scattering, Gallium arsenide. Abstract: We demonstrate that interface optical phonons can efficiently pump electrons from the quasi-X states to the quasi-/spl Gamma/ states in short-period type-II GaAs-AlAs superlattices. As a result, peculiar behaviors on these superlattices have been observed. First, photoluminescence intensity for the quasi-direct transition drastically increases as the temperature or pump power increases. Second, the dependence of the integrated photoluminescence intensity on the pump power exhibits a square power law.
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3,710
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Please write an abstract with title: Use of Event-Time Embeddings via RNN to Discern Novel Event Sequences in EHRs, and key words: Recurrent neural networks, Medical services, Standardization, Hazards, Information technology, Informatics. Abstract: In highly configurable health information technology (HIT) systems, such as VistA of the Veterans Health Administration, the variations in how the system is used among different healthcare facilities and how the data are recorded can be significant. Despite the successful standardization of care efforts, some of these variations can be indicative of HIT hazards and demand further investigation. In this work, we implemented a recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture to learn clinical provider order sequences and their temporal dynamics while predicting the orders' terminal state. We demonstrate model performance and provide a use case for the model discerning novel event sequences. This model is proposed to find novel event sequences in an operational environment.
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3,711
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Please write an abstract with title: MultiDimEr : A Multi-Dimensional bug analyzEr, and key words: Visualization, Root cause analysis, Computer bugs, Organizations, Market research, Software. Abstract: Background: Bugs and bug management consumes a significant amount of time and effort from software development organizations. A reduction in bugs can significantly improve the capacity for new feature development. Aims: We categorize and visualize dimensions of bug reports to identify accruing technical debt. This evidence can serve practitioners and decision makers not only as an argumentative basis for steering improvement efforts, but also as a starting point for root cause analysis, reducing overall bug inflow. Method: We implemented a tool, MultiDimEr, that analyzes and visualizes bug reports. The tool was implemented and evaluated at Ericsson. Results: We present our preliminary findings using the MultiDimEr for bug analysis, where we successfully identified components generating most of the bugs and bug trends within certain components. Conclusions: By analyzing the dimensions provided by MultiDimEr, we show that classifying and visualizing bug reports in different dimensions can stimulate discussions around bug hot spots as well as validating the accuracy of manually entered bug report attributes used in technical debt measurements such as fault slip through.
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3,712
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of JND visual model to SPHIT image coding and performance evaluation, and key words: Image coding, PSNR, Frequency, Humans, Visual perception, Quantization, Wavelet transforms, Wavelet coefficients, Laboratories, Decoding. Abstract: The wavelet based SPIHT algorithm has recently attracted significant attention from researchers in image coding. SPIHT maximizes PSNR (or minimize MSE) for each bit transmitted. However, it is well known that PSNR is not a good indicator of the perceptual image fidelity. Human visual perception is more sensitive to distortions in the lower frequency components than distortions in the higher frequency components. In this paper, we enhance SPIHT by introducing a process called JND-SQ, between wavelet transform and SPIHT. JND-SQ allows SPIHT to maximize perceptual fidelity instead of PSNR for each bit transmitted. We proposed a perceptual fidelity criterion called JND-PSNR based on the SY JND model, the new criterion is more consistent with human perception than PSNR. Experimental results show that JND SPIHT outperforms SPIHT in terms of JND PSNR. The JND-SQ process results in a large amount of zeros, which can be further utilized to improve the speed of SPIHT. Finally, JND-SQ can be turned off if the original SPIHT is desired.
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3,713
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Please write an abstract with title: Restless Multi-Armed Bandits under Exogenous Global Markov Process, and key words: Sequential analysis, Simulation, Heuristic algorithms, Conferences, Signal processing algorithms, Markov processes, Signal processing. Abstract: We consider an extension to the restless multi-armed bandit (RMAB) problem with unknown arm dynamics, where an unknown exogenous global Markov process governs the rewards distribution of each arm. Under each global state, the rewards process of each arm evolves according to an unknown Markovian rule, which is non-identical among different arms. At each time, a player chooses an arm out of N arms to play, and receives a random reward from a finite set of reward states. The arms are restless, that is, their local state evolves regardless of the player’s actions. The objective is an arm-selection policy that minimizes the regret, defined as the reward loss with respect to a player that knows the dynamics of the problem, and plays at each time t the arm that maximizes the expected immediate value. We develop the Learning under Exogenous Markov Process (LEMP) algorithm, that achieves a logarithmic regret order with time, and a finite-sample bound on the regret is established. Simulation results support the theoretical study and demonstrate strong performances of LEMP.
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3,714
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Sentiment Analysis of Two-way Long and Short Memory Network Based on Multi-Channel Data, and key words: Sentiment analysis, Blogs, Feature extraction, Product design, Quality assessment, Convolutional neural networks, Task analysis. Abstract: In recent years, with the rapid development of deep learning and the Internet, Weibo and e-commerce platforms play an important role in people's daily lives. User data and Weibo comments on e-commerce platforms hide rich emotional information. At the same time, these massive amounts of data also attract more researchers to participate in the research of short text data such as online shopping and Weibo comments, researchers can analyze these data to help businesses increase sales and improve product quality. On the other hand, it also provides a reference for consumers to fully understand the attributes of commodities. How to dig deeper into the potential emotional information of short texts is the most important thing. The emergence of neural networks has pushed natural language processing sentiment analysis to a hot topic, this article uses a combination of convolutional neural network and attention mechanism to solve this problem. This paper proposes a two-way long and short memory network model based on multichannel data. The model first uses shallow learning features such as emotional part of speech extracted from short texts to map to high-dimensional space to form 3 high-dimensional feature vectors, combine the three feature vectors with word embedding and input them into BiLSTM form three channels, the attention mechanism is added to the three fully connected layers, and finally input to the SoftMax classification layer. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional text convolutional neural network, the method proposed in this paper has a significant improvement in the accuracy of short text sentiment analysis tasks.
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3,715
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Please write an abstract with title: Degradation Behaviors in InAs Quantum Dot Lasers on Silicon using Misfit Dislocation Trapping Layers, and key words: Degradation, Quantum dot lasers, Filtering, Conferences, Power lasers, Photonic integrated circuits, Radiative recombination. Abstract: InAs quantum dot lasers on silicon using misfit dislocation trapping layers show 400-fold improvement in lifetime at 80°C (failure criterion: 50% initial peak power). Trapped misfit segments show no evidence of recombination enhanced dislocation climb, leading to an order of magnitude reduction in its extent.
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3,716
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Please write an abstract with title: An Evaluation of WebAssembly in Non-Web Environments, and key words: Measurement, Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Costs, Codes, Operating systems, Games. Abstract: In 2017, WebAssembly, a portable low-level byte-code, was released by the four major web browser makers to address the challenges presented by the maturation of the web and the rise of sophisticated and interactive applications such as 3D visualization, audio, and video streaming, and online games. JavaScript heretofore was the only built-in language of the web, and unfortunately, it is not well outfitted for the rich applications that have come to dominate the web today. Since its initial release, WebAssembly has made great strides on the web. With the WebAssembly System Interface release in March 2018, which allows WebAssembly to communicate with the operating system, it has become possible to run WebAssembly applications outside web browsers. This paper reviews the current state of WebAssembly and its system interface, describes the costs and benefits of these technologies for applications in different environments, and evaluates performance and portability. Our performance measurements demonstrate that WebAssembly is generally faster than JavaScript and, in some cases, can approach native code performance. Despite its limitations which make WebAssembly useless for specific applications domains, it nevertheless, has the potential to be beneficial in many environments and is likely to grow further even outside its original web environment.
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3,717
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Please write an abstract with title: Quality Evaluation of Triples in Knowledge Graph by Incorporating Internal With External Consistency, and key words: Integrated circuits, Measurement, Knowledge engineering, Iterative methods, Interference, Artificial neural networks, Statistical analysis. Abstract: The evaluation of knowledge quality (KQ) in multisource knowledge graphs (KGs) is an essential step for many applications, such as fragmented knowledge fusion and knowledge base construction. Many existing quality evaluation methods for multisource knowledge are based on validation from high-quality knowledge bases or statistical analysis of knowledge related to a specific fact from multiple sources, named external consistency (EC)-based methods. However, high-quality KGs are difficult to obtain, and there might exist incorrect knowledge in multisource KGs interfering with KQ evaluation. To address the issue, this article refers to the internal structure of a KG to evaluate the degree to which the contained triples conform to the overall semantic pattern of the KG, such as KG embedding and logic inference-based approaches, defined as internal consistency (IC) evaluation. The IC is integrated with the EC to identify possible incorrect triples and reduce their influences on the KQ evaluation, thus alleviating the interference of incorrect knowledge. The proposed method is verified with multiple datasets, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method could significantly reduce wrong evaluations caused by incorrect knowledge and effectively improve the quality evaluation of triples.
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3,718
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Please write an abstract with title: Melt-textured YBCO superconducting tube for magnetic shielding, and key words: Yttrium barium copper oxide, Magnetic shielding, Superconducting materials, Superconductivity, Superconducting device noise, Preforms, Engine cylinders, Shape, Fabrication, Noise measurement. Abstract: Melt-textured YBCO superconducting tube with a wall thickness of about 1 mm was prepared by infiltration and growth process; a method leads to the near-net shape fabrication and the refinement of Y-211 inclusions. The driving force for the liquid infiltration of this process is either capillary force or a chemical potential. Single Y-123 grains with the size of 5 mm were observed. The ambient noise measurements showed that the shielding factor of the melt-textured tube is one order of magnitude higher than that of comparable sintered tube within the frequency range from 1 to 200 Hz.
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3,719
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Please write an abstract with title: An Investigation on Core Network Latency, and key words: Delays, Topology, Network topology, Urban areas, Propagation delay, Roads, Market research. Abstract: The growing adoption of 5G and cloud services places an increasing importance on the attainable point-to-point latency in Internet service provider networks. It directly impacts whether latency-critical services can be offered as well as the number and location of the corresponding data centers. In order to investigate the limits and variability of latency values in an actual core network, we collected round-trip time values published by a large North American Internet service provider spanning the duration of more than one year. We present a statistical analysis of this data set from which we infer a potential fiber topology. We use this topology to hypothesize on the efficacy of different means of reducing latency and determine their effect on the viability of low-latency services.
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3,720
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Please write an abstract with title: Using The Feedback of Dynamic Active-Pixel Vision Sensor (Davis) to Prevent Slip in Real Time, and key words: Cameras, Grippers, Force, Robot vision systems, Sockets. Abstract: The objective of this paper is to describe an approach to detect the slip and contact force in real-time feedback. In this novel approach DAVIS camera used as a vision tactile sensor due to its fast process speed and high resolution. Two hundred experiments were performed on four objects with different shape, size, weight and material to compare the accuracy and respond of the Baxter robot grippers to avoid slipping. The advanced approach is validated by using a force-sensitive resistor (FSR402). The events captured with DAVIS camera are processed with specific algorithms to provide feedback to the Baxter robot aiding it to detect the slip.
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3,721
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Please write an abstract with title: The stabilized reference-line (SRL) technique for scaled DRAMs, and key words: Interference, Random access memory, Generators, Noise measurement, Couplings, Clocks, Capacitance. Abstract: Recently it has been reported that bitline interference noise increases with DRAM integration and that reduction of this noise is the key issue to realizing 16Mb DRAMs and beyond.(l) In order to reduce this interference noise.
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3,722
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Please write an abstract with title: Widely Tunable Ultra-Narrow-Linewidth Nearly Transform-Limited Dissipative Soliton Generation at Telecom Band, and key words: Laser mode locking, Solitons, Lasers and electrooptics, Erbium-doped fiber lasers, Telecommunications, Laser tuning, Electrooptical waveguides. Abstract: We successfully demonstrate a widely all-parameter-tunable ultra-narrow-linewidth nearly transform-limited mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser. Pulse-width-adjustable (100-150 ps) low-repetition-rate (~2 MHz) dissipative solitons are generated over the pulse-breakup-free wavelength tuning range of 34.3 nm (1529.3-1563.6 nm).
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3,723
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Please write an abstract with title: Using the Distiller to direct the development of self-configuration software, and key words: Costs, Prefetching, Remuneration, Hardware, Educational institutions, Production, Information analysis. Abstract: Many storage systems have become so complex that that the system administrator's salary represents almost half of the total cost of ownership. One approach to reducing this cost is to develop storage systems that can configure and manage themselves. Unfortunately, our ability to develop such software has been hindered by a limited understanding of how workloads and storage systems interact. In earlier work we presented the design of the Distiller - our tool that automates the process of finding a workload's key performance-affecting attributes. In this paper, we distill three production workloads and show that the values of the chosen attributes contain information that will help self-configuring disk array to choose a reasonable prefetch length and RAID stripe unit size. We also discuss how the chosen attributes may help direct the development of algorithms that compute near-optimal prefetch lengths and stripe unit sizes.
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3,724
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Please write an abstract with title: Internet Trolls against Russian Opposition: A Case Study Analysis of Twitter Disinformation Campaigns against Alexei Navalny, and key words: Measurement, Social networking (online), Voting, Conferences, Blogs, Network analyzers, Interference. Abstract: Discussion about the interference of Russian actors in the 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign attracted enormous attention from the academic community. Numerous studies dedicated to the analysis of Internet operations, as well as activities of bots and trolls, formed a new interdisciplinary area that investigates online disinformation and computational propaganda. This study provides an analysis of a case study with Russian propaganda operations that focus on the internal political confrontation between the Russian systemic political establishment and opposition movement of Alexei Navalny. We present an analysis of how Internet trolls and sockpuppets are used to conduct information disorder activities in order to frame the discussion around the opposition movement in Russia on Twitter. We also identified attempts to manipulate the opinion of the Western audience and to spread disinformation about Western democracies by the same malicious actors. The study implements network analysis for identifying disinformation and propaganda trolls.Preliminary findings demonstrate that there is evidence of information campaigns against Alexei Navalny as one of the leaders of the Russian opposition. We observe how an internal issue is framed in the context of Russian confrontation with the West and how it is used to promote hostile narratives with the claims that Alexei Navalny is supported by the Western governments and therefore is an enemy of the Russian state. Many agents from our sample pretend to be real people, English speakers, who exhibit hostile attitudes towards Navalny and the Western democracies, promoting a lack of trust in the democratic institutions as well as spreading disinformation and conspiracy theories.
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3,725
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Please write an abstract with title: Measurement of Enhanced Photothermal Effects of CuO-encapsulated Polymeric Nanospheres, and key words: Temperature measurement, Temperature sensors, Wavelength measurement, Medical treatment, Measurement by laser beam, Optical variables measurement, Photothermal effects. Abstract: Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) have the potential of serving as an anticancer theranostic agent with photothermal capabilities. In order to control their toxicity and release, the CuO NPs were encapsulated within polymeric nanospheres composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) core and polydopamine (PDA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell. After the characterization of synthesized nanospheres, their photothermal response to different near-infrared laser sources (808 nm, 940 nm and 1064 nm) was assessed in terms of the measured temperature. Arrays of sub-millimetric fiber Bragg grating sensors were employed to achieve an optimal spatial resolution for resolving the temperature increase in samples embedding the nanospheres. The results have shown that the designed structure of CuO@PLGA/PDA/PEG nanospheres substantially augments the temperature elevation. A maximum of 30 °C temperature increase, in comparison with the control solution, was achieved for the 808 nm laser source. These results indicate that the designed structure of CuO@PLGA/PDA/PEG nanospheres is suitable for further applications towards chemo-photothermal therapy combined with diagnostic imaging for the treatment of cancer.
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3,726
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Detection Method of Abnormal Trajectory of Port Operation Vehicles, and key words: Economics, Fuses, Stationary state, Feature extraction, Data models, Trajectory, Distributed computing. Abstract: Port operation vehicles are mainly responsible for the transshipment of goods. If there is inadequate supervision in the process of transshipment it is easy to cause such behaviors as cargo leakage, cargo theft and illegal parking of drivers, which cause economic losses to the port. In order to discover such behaviors in time, the unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm Self-encoder-based Deep Feature Fusion Model(S-DFFM) is proposed to judge whether the trajectory of operation vehicles is abnormal or not. The method comprehensively characterizes the trajectory by fusing the shallow features of low-dimensional trajectory and the deep features of high-dimensional trajectory, which frees the trajectory from the limitation of spatial attributes. The experimental data adopts the real trajectory data of one month (7,547 trips) of operating vehicle trajectories of a port in Chongqing, and the experimental results show that S-DFFM can better represent the trajectory features, and the accuracy of trajectory abnormality detection using S-DFFM is as high as 96%.
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3,727
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Please write an abstract with title: Decomposition algorithm for moving a ladder among rectangular obstacles, and key words: Mobile robots, Path planning, Robot kinematics, Motion analysis, Motion planning, Computational geometry, Complexity theory, Shape, Orbital robotics, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: In this paper we consider the problem of moving a ladder amidst n rectangular obstacles. The problem of moving the ladder between two different placements is solved approximately, by decomposing it into several "local motion planning" problems We give an O(n log n) time algorithm to construct and solve all the local problems. A weighted graph MG, called the motion graph with O(n) vertices and O(n) edges, is constructed from the solutions of the various local sub-problems. The vertices of MG correspond to the placements of the ladder and edges correspond to motions between these placements. The weight on its edges represents the length of the longest ladder moveable between the two placements corresponding to the two end vertices. We give an O(n) algorithm to construct collision-free paths for a given ladder between a pair of free placements by searching the graph MG. Furthermore, using an algorithm like Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm we estimate the length of the longest ladder moveable between any two free placements, in O(n log n) time.
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3,728
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of Kuramoto Model to Transmission Power Control in Wireless Body Area Networks, and key words: Wireless communication, Body area networks, Couplings, Sensors, Interference, Synchronization, Quality of service. Abstract: Wireless body area networks (WBANs) exhibits immense potential for application in ubiquitous healthcare systems. However, in dense environments where multiple WBANs are deployed such as hospitals, the performance of WBANs is deteriorated by inter-network interference. In this study, we apply Kuramoto model to the transmission power control of users in WBAN environments with the purpose of addressing the issue of inter-network interference, and thereby improving the Quality of Service (QoS) fairness in WBAN environment. For this purpose, we define the utility function which expresses the QoS of a user and synchronize this utility function value of each user for fair resource allocation. The synchronization of the utility function is obtained by Kuramoto model and coupling coefficient defined in Kuramoto model is dynamically adjusted for faster convergence. The range of convergence of the Kuramoto model is derived analytically. From the simulation results, we can verify that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than those of the existing algorithms with regard to QoS fairness, power, and data rate. In addition, we show that the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm with adaptive coupling strength parameter outperforms the Kuramoto model with fixed coupling strength parameter.
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3,729
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Please write an abstract with title: State-dependent phonetic tied mixtures with pronunciation modeling for spontaneous speech recognition, and key words: Speech recognition, Hidden Markov models, Loudspeakers, Error analysis, Automatic speech recognition, Context modeling, Robustness, Broadcasting, Degradation. Abstract: We propose a method of incorporating pronunciation modeling into acoustic models with high discriminative power and low complexity to improve spontaneous speech recognition accuracy. Spontaneous speech contains a higher level of phonetic and acoustic confusions due to the larger degree of pronunciation variations caused by speaking rate, speaker style, speaking mode, speaker accent, etc. In general data-driven complexity-reduction methods without explicit modeling of pronunciation variations, the acoustic model is not robust enough to capture the flexible phonetic confusions and pronunciation variants in spontaneous speech. We propose a state-dependent phonetic tied-mixture (PTM) model with variable codebook size to improve the coverage of phonetic variations while maintaining model discriminative ability. Our state-dependent PTM model incorporates a state-level pronunciation model for better discrimination of phonetic and acoustic confusions, while reducing model complexity. Experimental results on the spontaneous speech part of Mandarin Broadcast News shows that our model outperforms state tying and mixture tying models by 2.46% and 3.51% absolute syllable error rate reduction, respectively, with comparable model complexity. After adding Gaussian sharing to the latter models, our proposed model still yields an additional 1% and 2.6% absolute syllable error rate reduction. In addition, unlike many complexity reduction methods, our method does not lead to any performance degradation on read speech.
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3,730
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Please write an abstract with title: Coherent charge oscillation in a semiconductor double quantum dot, and key words: Quantum dots, US Department of Transportation, Electrons, Electrodes, Quantum computing, Current measurement, Frequency estimation, Voltage control, Tunneling, Microscopy. Abstract: The time evolution of a pulse-excited charge qubit in a semiconductor double quantum dot is investigated. All-electrical initialization and coherent gate control of the system are achieved, and coherent charge oscillation is observed through the transport measurements. The oscillation frequency and decoherence time T/sub 2/ are estimated by fitting the transport data with a simple model. Possible decoherence mechanisms in a charge qubit system are pointed out and discussed in detail.
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3,731
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Please write an abstract with title: Beamforming Design for Uplink Multi-cell MIMO-NOMA Systems, and key words: Array signal processing, NOMA, Uplink, Resource management, MIMO communication, Interference, Precoding. Abstract: Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of the key technologies for the next generation network to meet the requirements of high data rate and huge capacity. This paper investigates the beamforming design for multi-cell multiple input multiple output NOMA (MIMO-NOMA) systems. A beamforming scheme with closed-form expression is proposed to maximize the weighted sum-rate while ensuring individual data rate requirements of users. In this scheme, we first formulate the beamfoming design as a weighted sum-rate maximization problem. To make the non-convex problem tractable, we introduce a two-step transformation based on multi-dimensional Lagrange dual transformation and multidimensional quadratic transformation. Finally, we propose an iteration algorithm to get the optimal beamforming. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm for uplink MIMO-NOMA outperforms the comparable schemes such as fixed beamforming scheme and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme.
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3,732
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Please write an abstract with title: CacheOut: Leaking Data on Intel CPUs via Cache Evictions, and key words: Data privacy, Microarchitecture, Virtual machining, Security, Kernel. Abstract: Recent transient-execution attacks, such as RIDL, Fallout, and ZombieLoad, demonstrated that attackers can leak information while it transits through microarchitectural buffers. Named Microarchitectural Data Sampling (MDS) by Intel, these attacks are likened to "drinking from the firehose", as the attacker has little control over what data is observed and from what origin. Unable to prevent the buffers from leaking, Intel issued countermeasures via microcode updates that overwrite the buffers when the CPU changes security domains.In this work we present CacheOut, a new microarchitectural attack that is capable of bypassing Intel’s buffer overwrite countermeasures. We observe that as data is being evicted from the CPU’s L1 cache, it is often transferred back to the leaky CPU buffers where it can be recovered by the attacker. CacheOut improves over previous MDS attacks by allowing the attacker to choose which data to leak from the CPU’s L1 cache, as well as which part of a cache line to leak. We demonstrate that CacheOut can leak information across multiple security boundaries, including those between processes, virtual machines, user and kernel space, and from SGX enclaves.
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3,733
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Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient and Precise Method to Detect Fake News using Machine Learning Algorithms, and key words: Training, Visualization, Structured Query Language, Social networking (online), Natural language processing, Real-time systems, Servers. Abstract: social media has become a part of life now a days which plays an important role to provide the entertainment as well as a news most of the news which has been posted through any of the social media could be a fake news and such news will easily spread throughout the globe instantly and people might not aware of it. The opinions of the people can be shaped in bias or inversely for government or for any organization. Therefore, to recognize the moto and real meaning of any posts in social media there is a necessary to find a system which is efficient in detecting false information among the posts in social media. Fake news is misleading or false information which spreads globally and the trending area of interest on detecting falsification which has the limitations of few collections of resources. This Fake News can be detected by using various techniques of ML and AI concepts which is the purpose of this proposed work of this paper is to present a system which has efficiency to expect whether a set of data or a bit of information is fake or real on the basis of its content, by using the concepts of natural language processing (NLP) perspective and with the results of practical examinations of the system. To detect the fake news in the news collected from the post we use 14 attributes (experience for users, overall posts, and news type How Often, Word Count (+ and -), Location, and Time) to divide the single piece of news subjecting into various dimensions of attributes content found in the news by the Artificial Intelligence approaches and Machine Learning for the analysis and to categorize the news in which the system analyzes the various methods foe classification and suggestions for an active Natural Language Processing method to identify FAKE NEWS. Visual Studio 2010 or its higher version and SQL server as a software tool with that by using C# language and additionally with the resources and the concept of 14 attributes the objective of detecting fake news can be achieved with good accuracy.
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3,734
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Please write an abstract with title: Risk Management of E-Commerce Security in Cloud Computing Environment, and key words: Conferences, Q measurement, Mechatronics, Automation. Abstract: The emergence of cloud computing technology has changed the traditional business economic model and provided convenience for the application of e-commerce in the financial field. This paper uses cloud computing as the entry point to analyze the security of e-commerce in a cloud computing environment in detail. It also proposes relevant solutions to how e-commerce can ensure the security of its own data in the context of cloud computing. At the same time, it also pays attention to reducing the user's perception of information security risks from the user's perspective, and improving the user's trust, satisfaction and loyalty to the information system.
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3,735
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Please write an abstract with title: Extending the Concept of Voting Structures to Support Path-Based Replication Strategies, and key words: Fault tolerance, Costs, Fault tolerant systems, Distributed databases, Transforms. Abstract: Data replication is an important concept in distributed computing to provide fault-tolerant, highly available, and low cost data access operations, since a unique master copy can fail. Although the field of data replication is very well researched, the question of application-optimized replication strategies for specific scenarios still stands. There are many scenarios which cannot be satisfactorily managed by known replication strategies. Recent research has proposed the use of voting structures for generating new replication strategies from known ones, such that a wide range of scenarios can be addressed. However, unfortunately, voting structures cannot represent path-based replication strategies in an intuitive way. But path-based replication strategies have been proven to be very flexible and efficient in providing low operation costs and high availabilities. Thus, some very good characteristics cannot yet be covered by the above-sketched approach. In this paper, we present an extension to the concept of voting structures that allows the design of path-based replication strategies in an easy and intuitive way. Furthermore, we introduce a general design pattern that transforms each path-based replication strategy, given by a grid structure, to an efficient equivalent voting structure of the extended concept. The proposed approach is proven as well as its use demonstrated.
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3,736
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Please write an abstract with title: An analog bipolar-JFET master slice array for multichannel front-end electronics, and key words: Tiles, Resistors, Analog integrated circuits, Nuclear electronics, Semiconductor devices, Bonding, MOS capacitors, Capacitance, Operational amplifiers, Filters. Abstract: The analog bipolar-JFET Master Slice Array (MSA) has been designed to implement multichannel ICs used in front-end and common-use electronics as well. Functionally complicated ICs can be designed on the basis of this MSA due to the universal construction of the MSA's active and passive elements. The high quality of active element parameters, number and values of resistors and capacitors make it possible to embody a four channel amplifier-filter-discriminator into the MSA die with dimensions 2.7 mm/spl times/3.6 mm. Joining of two chips by metal interconnections on a wafer makes it possible to produce an eight channel IC of similar function.
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3,737
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Please write an abstract with title: Iris recognition based on Gabor and Deep Convolutional Networks, and key words: Support vector machines, Databases, Transforms, Fingerprint recognition, Feature extraction, Information filters, Gabor filters. Abstract: Nowadays, authorizing a person has become a significant need. Authorizing a person based on their behavioral or characteristic traits such as fingerprint, iris, face, etc. has brought in a lot of secure feelings in society. In our work, we present Iris-based Biometric systems that have been considered the most secure and accurate form of identifying an individual because of their unique features and textual richness present in them. In our work, we proposed two modified feature extraction techniques namely Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Gabor filter, and then performed different classification algorithms namely SVM (Support Vector Machine) and Neural Networks (NN), and analyzed the change in accuracies affected by the features extracted from the two different techniques and finally landed with the best combination of CNN-NN with the accuracy of 98%. The CASIA Version 1 benchmark database has been used to perform our experiments for both testing and comparison.
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3,738
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Please write an abstract with title: Accelerating Large-Scale Nearest Neighbor Search with Computational Storage Device, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Image retrieval, Machine learning, Bandwidth, Nearest neighbor methods, Computational efficiency, Task analysis. Abstract: K-nearest neighbor algorithm that searches the K closest samples in a high dimensional feature space is one of the most fundamental tasks in machine learning and image retrieval applications. Computational storage device that combines computing unit and storage module on a single board becomes popular to address the data bandwidth bottleneck of the conventional computing system. In this paper, we propose a nearest neighbor search acceleration platform based on computational storage device, which can process a large-scale image dataset efficiently in terms of speed, energy, and cost. We believe that the proposed acceleration platform is promising to be deployed in cloud datacenters for data-intensive applications.
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3,739
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance Characterization of Communication Protocols in Microservice Applications, and key words: Protocols, Program processors, Sockets, Containers, Time factors, Tuning. Abstract: Industrial applications are moving towards deployment using the microservice architecture. These microservices heavily rely on the networking stack for communication which, along with the container abstraction layer causes a significant overhead. With increasing core count on modern processors, these microservices are likely to be scheduled on the same host. In this paper, we attempt to analyze and optimize inter-microservice communication on the same host. We characterize three popular communication protocols - REST, gRPC, and Thrift, in terms of their network, memory, CPU utilization, and response time. Our studies showed that Thrift and gRPC are relatively faster than REST and hence, suitable for inter-microservice interactions owing to their speeds and compression. We leverage the shared memory between the microservices on the same host, using Unix Domain Sockets along with appropriate NUMA tuning that achieved an 86.48% reduction in response time.
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3,740
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Please write an abstract with title: Exploring the Test Plan for the Impact of VFTO on Localized Protection Devices, and key words: Substations, Conferences, Protective relaying, Switches, Electromagnetic compatibility, Reliability, Voltage control. Abstract: The State Grid Corporation of China is steadily promoting the research and trial operation of localized protection devices, and the very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) nuisance caused by disconnecting switch operation in GIS may affect the normal operation of localized protection devices, which will threaten the safe operation of GIS substations and even the whole power system once an accident occurs. This paper introduces the characteristics of localized protection devices, summarizes the EMC test methods of localized relay protection laboratory, sorts out the categories of VFTO harassment on localized protection devices. It proposes the test methods of VFTO impact on localized protection devices by combining the functions of VFTO electromagnetic transient test platform, so as to lay the foundation for the subsequent testing and evaluation of VFTO impact on localized protection devices.
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3,741
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Please write an abstract with title: A Generalization of Transmission Power Optimization Method for Concurrently Communicating Multiple Access-Points in Wireless Local-Area Network, and key words: Wireless communication, Wireless LAN, Power measurement, Network topology, Optimization methods, Proposals, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: Nowadays, the IEEE 802.11n wireless local-area network (WLAN) has been extensively deployed around the world due to affordability, accessibility and expandability. As a result, a lot of access-points (APs) are closely allocated, which may cause radio interferences and degrade network performances. To solve this problem, we have studied the transmission power optimization method for concurrently communicating APs in WLAN. Either the maximum or minimum power is selected for each AP such that it gives the largest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the receiving signal strength (RSS) through exhaustive measurements for the possible combinations. However, this method limits only two APs. In this paper, we present a generalization of this method for handling any number of APs in dense WLAN. To reduce SNR measurements, it sequentially selects the AP to the minimum power in descending order of the initial RSS where every AP has the maximum power. For evaluations, we conduct extensive experiments under various network topologies using Raspberry Pi for up to four APs. The results consistently show that the proposal can select the best transmission power combination for the APs, except for the cases where multiple APs are allocated in a small room. The improvements will be in future studies.
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3,742
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Please write an abstract with title: Resolution Enhancement for Large-Scale Real Beam Mapping Based on Adaptive Low-Rank Approximation, and key words: Antennas, Azimuth, Computational modeling, Antenna measurements, Sensors, Computational complexity, Adaptive arrays. Abstract: Recently, a variety of super-resolution (SR) methods have been devoted to enhancing the angular resolution of real beam mapping (RBM) imagery in modern microwave remote sensing applications. When addressing large-scale datasets, however, they suffer from notably high computational complexity due to high-dimensional matrix inversion, multiplication, or singular value decomposition (SVD). To overcome this limitation, this article presents a low-complexity SR strategy based on adaptive low-rank approximation (LRA). Our underlying idea is first to construct a random matrix sketching to sample the raw echo measurements and restore the surface map of reflectivity in a low-dimensional linear space. The resulting low-complexity strategy enables substantial computational complexity reduction for a group of SR methods, at the cost of introducing a manually adjusted LRA parameter. Using the Fourier transform-based antenna analysis method, we further reveal that the LRA parameter that ensures support resolution improvement can be determined by a closed-form function of the aperture length, the wavelength, and the field of view, allowing for adaptively and efficiently selecting the optimal LRA parameter that well balances the tradeoff between LRA error and computational efficiency. We use both simulated and real datasets to demonstrate that the proposed LRA-based SR strategy can provide significant speedup without performance loss.
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3,743
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Please write an abstract with title: Online Power Allocation at Energy Harvesting Transmitter for Multiple Receivers With and Without Individual Rate Constraints for OMA and NOMA Transmissions, and key words: Resource management, Downlink, Optimization, NOMA, Transmitters, Batteries, Receivers. Abstract: In this paper, we propose an online power allocation scheme to maximize the time average of the expected value of sum rate for multiple downlink receivers with energy harvesting transmitter. The transmitter employs non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and/or orthogonal multiple access (OMA) to transmit data to multiple users. Additionally, we consider the scenario where each individual user has a quality of service constraint on its required instantaneous rate. The decisions of total transmit power and power allocation for different users in a given time slot are obtained with the help of Lyapunov optimization technique. The proposed schemes do not require any statistical information of the channel states and the harvested energy. The proposed power allocation schemes entail in small complexity based power allocation decisions. Therefore, the proposed schemes can provide solutions in real time and are more suited for online power allocation problems where the system state parameters (e.g., channel state, harvested energy etc) change quickly. The performances of the proposed schemes are demonstrated with the help of simulation results.
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3,744
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Please write an abstract with title: Resolution and synthetic aperture characterization of sparse radar arrays, and key words: Synthetic aperture radar, Spaceborne radar, Satellite constellations, Radar signal processing, History, Pattern matching, Matched filters, Filtering, Signal design, Signal analysis. Abstract: The concept of radar satellite constellations, or clusters, for synthetic aperture radar (SAR), moving target indicator (MTI), and other radar modes has been proposed and is currently under research. These constellations form an array that is sparsely populated and irregularly spaced; therefore, traditional matched filtering is inadequate for dealing with the constellation's radiation pattern. To aid in the design, analysis, and signal processing of radar satellite constellations and sparse arrays in general, the characterization of the resolution and ambiguity functions of such systems is investigated. We project the radar's received phase history versus five sensor parameters: time, frequency, and three-dimensional position, into a phase history in terms of two eigensensors that can be interpreted as the dimensions of a two-dimensional synthetic aperture. Then, the synthetic aperture expression is used to derive resolution and the ambiguity function. Simulations are presented to verify the theory.
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3,745
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and analysis of hybrid fuzzy FOPID-FOPI controller for frequency regulation of electrical power system, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, PI control, Sensitivity analysis, Hybrid power systems, Real-time systems, Mathematical models, Thermal analysis. Abstract: In this particular work a hybrid fuzzy based fractional order proportional integral derivative and fractional order proportional integral (hFFOPID-FOPI) controller is recommended for the controlling of load frequency of multiple area interconnected power system. Here a two-area four unit system with one unit thermal and another with hydro are taken for analysis purpose. In every unit hFFOPID-FOPI controller has been implemented. Differential Evolution (DE) technique is considered as an optimizing tool for the controller parameters evaluation. The sovereignty of the given technique is justified by comparing the outcomes of different PI controllers with GA and ZN tuned optimization and with fuzzy based hybrid PSO-PS tuned optimization used for the alike power system network. Here sensitivity analysis is performed and sturdiness of the recommended method is established.
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3,746
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Please write an abstract with title: Influence of sequential etching on YBCO films deposited by PLD from a nanostructured target, and key words: Yttrium barium copper oxide, Superconducting films, Pulsed laser deposition, Sputtering, Sputter etching, Critical current, Optical pulses, Chemical lasers, Atomic beams, Atomic layer deposition. Abstract: Thin YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 6+x/ (YBCO) films with T/sub c/ = 90 K and high critical current in the order of 10/sup 7/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K are prepared with pulsed laser deposition from a nanostructured target. Changes in the superconducting and structural properties of the films are investigated after repeated thinning by Ar-ion sputtering or by electrochemical etching. As shown by Auger depth profiling, the chemical composition is preserved through the film during Ar-ion sputtering while electrochemical etching changes the atomic concentrations and surface structures. Investigations by SQUID magnetometry and by conventional resistivity measurements give evidence that the dependence of T/sub c/ on the film thickness is similar to as-prepared ultrathin films. The thickness dependence of J/sub c/ indicates an excess of pinning centers on the surface of the as-deposited film.
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3,747
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Please write an abstract with title: Dense wavelength division multiplexing re-circulating loop transmission testbed, and key words: Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical fiber testing, Erbium-doped fiber lasers, Optical fiber dispersion, Optical devices, Stimulated emission, Fiber nonlinear optics, Optical fiber amplifiers, Semiconductor lasers, Optical fiber devices. Abstract: The development of a recirculating fibre loop testbed to support the R&D activities of the Photonics Research Centre at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is reported. The test-bed consists of 200 km of Coming SMF-28 fibre, 5 EDFAs, 8 DFB lasers, 100 GHz-spaced 8-channel DWDM multiplexers and dispersion-compensation gratings.
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3,748
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Please write an abstract with title: Talent Evaluator Using Adaptive Testing, and key words: Adaptive systems, Bibliographies, Education, Internet, Testing, Recruitment. Abstract: The offline aptitude system has been used for a long time, and it has served its purpose quite well. Now, with the increase in the number of students appearing for placements of universities, and other educational centres, there is a need for a scalable approach in terms of conducting and evaluating recruitment. The Evaluator will provide a smart environment to conduct recruitment processes online where the evaluation is done automatically by using adaptive testing. Since the traditional process has always had a generalised testing mechanism, the advent of adaptive testing will provide a different dimension in the evaluation process which will help not only the students but also the recruiters to understand where the student taking the aptitude truly stands. The Evaluator is very practical as it utilises the resources of the modern age while cutting down on evaluation time, and other limitations of the offline recruitment system. The aim of this project is to influence the current placement recruitment system, and hopefully drift it to a more effective and efficient approach.
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3,749
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Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning-based Automated Data Visualization: A Meta-feature Engineering Approach, and key words: machine learning, data visualization, feature engineering, metadata. Abstract: This paper investigates an effective method to automatically visualize a given data set based on machine learning. Basically, the visualization results can be varied according to the purpose of the data analysis, and as the understanding of the data becomes larger, more various results can be obtained. This paper aims at realization of an automatic data visualization system based on machine learning, and introduces a meta-level feature engineering process to construct a visualization recommendation (classification) model. Through various experiments, we have designed various meta- feature variables to determine the significance of the visualization results in order to develop the automatic visualization system and constructed the visualization recommendation model using the meta-features. For performance evaluation, we have used three data sources including UCI ML Repository, Data.world, and R datasets, and have found that the decision tree-based recommendation model provides the best performance.
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3,750
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Please write an abstract with title: Coupling Optimization of Point Contact Detectors and Mixers, and key words: Laser beams, Couplings, Antenna radiation patterns, Schottky diodes, Semiconductor lasers, Mirrors, Lighting. Abstract: One shows that, for a given IR power, the angular width of an illuminating focused laser beam can be adjusted to optimize the electromagnetic coupling. The predicted conditions have been checked experimentally for various devices (Schottky, MIM, Josephson) at 337, 70 and 10.6 μm.
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3,751
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Please write an abstract with title: Vision based steering angle estimation for autonomous vehicles, and key words: Cameras, Estimation, Roads, Image edge detection, Training, Lane detection, Transforms. Abstract: Estimating the steering angle is a fundamental but challenging problem for autonomous vehicles. The main challenges come from different road conditions and capturing sensors. In this paper, we first present an autonomous vehicle prototype for different tasks in small and narrow indoor environment. We then perform a comparative study on two approaches for vision based steering angle estimation to drive the designed vehicle. One approach bases on conventional image processing techniques such as edge detection and Hough transform while the other one bases on advanced deep learning (convolutional neural network). We evaluate both methods on a common dataset. Experimental results show that in the scenario with simple and static background, image processing techniques give lightly faster and more precise steering angle. However, deep learning based approach is well generalized to background changes. We applied and integrated our proposed methods on the designed vehicle and show their capacity to drive the vehicle accurately.
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3,752
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Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning Based Prognostics Techniques for Power Equipment: Comparative Study, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Load forecasting, Computational modeling, Fault detection, Artificial neural networks, Maintenance engineering, Transformers. Abstract: Power distribution systems operate under thermal and mechanical stresses after their installation. Improper handling of such equipment, abrupt surges, overloading, loose connections and negligence in maintenance not only result in electricity short falls and power losses but also deteriorates the remaining useful life of the equipment. The scenario emphasizes the importance of asset management for power devices in order to utilize equipment up till their maximum service life. Indication and identification of fault and its location and intensity, prior to the occurrence of fault, is a proactive approach for fault avoidance and monitoring of remaining useful life. Over the years, statistical approaches have been used for the prediction and forecasting. The aim of this study is to investigate computationally intelligent techniques suitable for the prognosis of remaining useful life of power devices. This paper provides state-of-the-art review of some selected ML techniques in connection with prognostics relevance, and discusses the significant features connected with modeling development for prognostics techniques. The paper also discusses the strength and limitations of the selected ML techniques compared with other available dynamic modeling approaches.
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3,753
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Please write an abstract with title: Adversarial Patch Defense for Optical Flow Networks in Video Action Recognition, and key words: Smoothing methods, Laplace equations, Image resolution, Streaming media, Robustness, Real-time systems, Optical flow. Abstract: Deep neural networks (DNN) are being integrated into production-level systems all over the world. Due to their susceptibility to adversarial attacks that degrade their performance, the robustness of DNN models has become a concern for researchers. Recent developments on physically printable adversarial patches showcase their practical effectiveness in fooling DNNs in real-time. Although research on adversarial robustness was majorly focused on image classifiers, recent works have extended the studies in video classification systems. We demonstrate that attacking optical flow estimators in an action recognition system with a patch of size less than 1% of the resolution is sufficient to significantly degrade the performance of the model. We implement an existing defense called Local Gradient Smoothing (LGS) for such localized patch-based attacks in video classification systems. We further address and tackle the shortcomings of LGS, to develop a method called Inpainting with Laplacian Prior (ILP). It was found that ILP can produce accuracy improvement ranging from 3.7% to 37% over the existing defense mechanism LGS while maintaining the same consistency over different patch sizes and models across multiple datasets.
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3,754
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Please write an abstract with title: Improving Robustness of Computed-Torque Schemes via LMI-Based Nonlinear Feedback, and key words: Computational modeling, Robustness, Trajectory tracking, Linear matrix inequalities, Analytical models, Trajectory, Torque. Abstract: This paper is concerned with a novel computed-torque technique for trajectory tracking, which enhances robustness by replacing some of the system nonlinearities in the inner-loop feedback by the signals of the desired trajectory. This substitution leads to a nonlinear error system whose stabilization is achieved via a nonlinear outer-loop feedback in the form of parallel distributed compensation, whose gains are solved in terms of linear matrix inequalities derived from the direct Lyapunov method and exact convex modelling of nonlinearities. The proposal makes use of a recently appeared factorization which explicitly allows extracting the error signal in the difference of identical expressions that depend on a different set of variables. Simulations suggest that the magnitude of the computed-torque signal can be significantly reduced when compared with ordinary schemes while augmenting robustness by employing user-generated signals instead of measurements where appropriate.
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3,755
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Please write an abstract with title: Feature Extractions from a High-dimension Low-samples Data for Multi-dimension Virtual Metrology, and key words: Feature extraction, Support vector machines, Metrology, Data models, Data mining, Sensors. Abstract: This paper discussed the virtual metrology (VM) modelling of multi-dimensional multi classes to describe the relationship between the variables of a production machine's condition of and the estimated/forecasted product quality soon after finishing the machine processing. Combination of the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and the LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) technique of the sparse modelling were introduced to define the multi-dimensional quality. Because the high accuracy and quick computations are required for the VM modelling, in this study, the PCA-LASSO combination was applied before building the VM models based on the kernel SVM (kSVM), particularly the linear kernel for real-time use. Those usefulness was evaluated by three different data sets; a CVD (Chemical vapor deposition) process in an actual semiconductor factory, an open-data of higher dimension which is measured in a chemical process, and a scalable data which is generated by using a multivariate normal random numbers based on the original CVD data. We will investigate versatility of the proposed method.
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3,756
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Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Modeling of a Membrane-Based Pneumatic Soft Gripper, and key words: Actuators, Strain, Grippers, Substrates, Grasping, Mathematical models, Analytical models. Abstract: Finite deformation is the principal actuation basis of elastomer-based pneumatic soft actuators. Desired deformation behavior is the key design requirement for such actuators. The objective of current study is to optimize the design of a flat shell gripper and to investigate its interaction with a cylindrical object. Herein, we propose an analytical model for a membrane-based flat shell gripper. The model is based on finite strain membrane theory and neo-Hookean material. The proposed model considers the contact interaction of the actuator with flat and cylindrical rigid substrates. The model is developed for three different states of the actuator: 1) free-space; 2) contact with a flat substrate; and 3) contact with a cylindrical substrate. In application, the model was used to predict the relative position and air pressure required to grasp a cylindrical object by a parallel two-fingered shell gripper. Additionally, the frictional behavior of the actuator in contact with a cylindrical substrate is investigated. The model involves only solving nonlinear algebraic equations and is computationally efficient. The theoretically predicted deformation behavior of the actuator is experimentally validated via free-space deformation, force measurement, and grasping tests.
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3,757
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Please write an abstract with title: Feedforward Neural Network Based Case Prediction in Turkish Higher Courts, and key words: Law, Soft sensors, Signal processing algorithms, Prediction methods, Signal processing, Feature extraction, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Thanks to natural language processing (NLP) methods, legal texts can be processed by computers and decision prediction applications can be developed in the legal tech field. Increase in the available data sources in the Turkish legal system provides an opportunity to develop NLP applications as well. In order to develop these applications, the necessary corpora and datasets should be created. In this work, legal case texts from the Turkish Higher Courts that are open to public access and free from personal data are used to develop decision prediction methods. Feedforward neural networks (FFNN) are deployed using word embeddings and the features extracted from texts via the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm. %85.4 Macro F1 score level is achieved.
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3,758
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Please write an abstract with title: Exploring Learning Approaches for Ancient Greek Character Recognition with Citizen Science Data, and key words: Crowdsourcing, Analytical models, Machine learning, Optical computing, Tools, Media, Optical imaging. Abstract: The central dogma of handwritten character recognition remains inextricably linked to optical character recognition methods for print media. Alongside their reliance on proprietary data and lack of open-access software, the applicability of these optical character recognition methods to handwritten characters from low-quality documents (e.g., that are damaged) remains unknown. In this paper, we compare and contrast the performance of state-of-the-art optical character recognition tools for print and learning models engineered with state-of-the-art machine learning toolkits trained on handwritten inputs. Using Tesseract OCR as a baseline, we build, optimize, and evaluate three types of convolutional neural networks that are trained on the AL-ALLand AL-PUBdatasets, a collection of images of handwritten ancient Greek characters that were labeled by volunteers through the Ancient Lives online citizen science project. We find our best-performing machine learning model to be 92.57% accurate compared to Tesseract OCR’s 11.15%. Following our analysis, we present a brief examination of our models’ shortcomings, introduce the publicly-available AL-PUBdataset, and, describe Theia, a web-based tool that democratizes our machine learning models for public use. We conclude by discussing the promise of our findings for advancing research at the intersection of machine learning, manuscript transcription, and the digital humanities.
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3,759
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Please write an abstract with title: Charge flipping of a vortex in a nonlinear photonic lattice, and key words: Lattices, Optical devices, Optical modulation, Physics, Nonlinear optical devices, Nonlinear optics, Optical refraction, Optical solitons, Optical variables control, Optical vortices. Abstract: In this study of the evolution of a vortex beam on the lattice and its possible transformations such as the vortex charge flipping will provide the tools to control the transport of information (dislocation charge), as well as to manipulate it, e.g. erasing or reversing phase dislocations. In experiments, we use a biased photorefractive crystal, where the modulation of the refractive index is induced by periodically modulated partially coherent light. When being ordinary polarized, such an optical lattice propagates in the linear regime and it is not affected by interaction with a vortex. We refer to it as "fixed" lattice. When being extraordinary polarized, the lattice propagates in the nonlinear regime, and it experiences self-action together with the cross-phase modulation from the mutually incoherent signal beam. We call these nonlinear lattices "flexible" photonic structures, which may guide a signal vortex beam. The signal, on the other side, creates a defect in the lattice, significantly modifying its dynamics. Experimentally, in the case of flexible lattices, we observe the lattice deformation and twisting due to a transfer of the angular momentum carried by the vortex beam to the lattice.
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3,760
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Please write an abstract with title: Handover Count Based MAP Estimation of Velocity With Prior Distribution Approximated via NGSIM Data-Set, and key words: Estimation, Handover, Distribution functions, Density functional theory, Standards, Bayes methods, Data models. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a maximum-a-posteriori probability (MAP) based velocity estimation technique in which the prior distribution is defined by current location of the user. Motivation of this work is to improve accuracy of the existing velocity estimation techniques which are either solely based on cellular network measurements or location specific information. Our objective is to exploit both cellular measurements and location information in Bayesian sense; thus, to jointly address the critical applications of mobility management in Heterogeneous-Networks (HetNets), and intelligent transportation system. Here we assume that the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) data set for velocity is available at the current location and can be utilized to approximate the prior distribution. Additional information in form of prior distribution function is then exploited to improve the minimum variance unbiased (MVU) estimate of velocity which is based on handover count measurements. Since MVU estimate is a random variable, we first formulate its density function parameterized over the actual velocity. Next, we follow Bayesian approach to accommodate both prior distribution and parametric density function in deriving posterior density function of velocity. Finally, we derive expression of the MAP estimator considering various standard distribution functions which best fit to the density function obtained from NGSIM data set. In order to quantify the quality of estimate, we derive its variance and the corresponding Cramer-Rao-bound (CRB) on the minimum error variance. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed estimator which incorporates NGSIM data set is asymptotically efficient and outperforms other classical handover count based estimation techniques.
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3,761
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Please write an abstract with title: A Trustworthy Internet of Vehicles: The DAO to Safe, Secure and Collaborative Autonomous Driving, and key words: Autonomous driving, decentralized autonomous organizations and operations, internet of vehicles, blockchain, smart contracts. Abstract: The potential of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) to reduce on-board system costs in autonomous vehicles through shared intelligence is considerable. However, it still faces significant challenges, including concerns over data breaches and privacy, inefficiencies and limited fault tolerance in centralized management, and the challenge of ensuring data accuracy. This letter marks the inaugural report from a series of IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles (TIV) Trustworthy IoV Workshops, which aim to address these issues. In these workshops, we explore the concept of a decentralized IoV (DeIoV), underpinned by decentralized autonomous organizations and operations (DAOs), to facilitate trustworthy interactions between vehicles and other entities. The proposed DeIoV is structured in two layers: the local DAO layer and the global DAO layer. This dual-layer architecture distinguishes between real-time and non-real-time decision-making tasks, aiding in their efficient completion. To ensure data security, integrity, and accuracy, we employ blockchain technology and smart contracts, which allow for mutual verification among adjacent members and utilize encryption algorithms. A reputation value-based voting mechanism for decision-making is also introduced, which helps prevent the monopolization of power through token-based systems, a common issue in traditional DAOs. Ultimately, we believe that DeIoV has the potential to create a trustworthy IoV ecosystem, contributing significantly to safe, secure, and collaborative autonomous driving.
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3,762
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Please write an abstract with title: Stephen Hilt, and key words: Organizations, Security, Computer hacking, Training, Market research, Integrated circuits, Encryption. Abstract: Stephen Hilt is a senior threat researcher at Trend Micro. He focuses on general security research, threat actors, malware behind attacks, and industrial control system security. This chapter presents Hilt's answers to some questions related to the blue team. He defines the blue team as those who are working to build, maintain, and grow not only security but computer systems within an organization. Hilt explains that detection and response are the two core capabilities that a blue team at a minimum should have. He presents his views on some key strengths of an incident response program and some core metrics that a blue team can use to build, measure, and maintain a successful information security program. Hilt provides his opinion on regulatory compliance and strategies to communicate the threats he has encountered to nontechnical decision‐makers. He also presents his recommendations for managing nontechnical executives' expectations during a significant ongoing incident.
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3,763
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis for a Wire-Driven Elastic Robotic Fish, and key words: Fish, Robots, Servomotors, Muscles, Dynamics, Oscillators, Actuators. Abstract: The complex and continuous undulation of fishtail facilitates extraordinary underwater motion performance for natural fish. For the widely used Multi-Joint robotic fish, a lot of joints are used to simulate continuum fishtail, resulting in some challenges, e.g., the mechanism complexity, friction losses of adjacent joints, load disequilibrium and unsmooth servomotor output power. To overcome these intractable hurdles, motivated by natural fish, this letter proposes a wire-driven elastic robotic fish, which simulates fish muscle through multi-wire drive and adopts a fishlike spine design based on elastic component. Compared with the existing wire-driven robotic fish with discrete multiple-joints-spine and single-wire drive, our robotic fish not only has continuum fishtail, but also can swing with C-Shape and S-Shape owing to multi-wire coupling drive, and simulate the energy storage behavior of fish by elastic component. Further, a Lagrangian dynamic model that models a robotic fish with continuum fishtail and passive flexible joint is developed to explore the propulsive performance and validated by extensive experiments and simulations, and our robotic fish reaches the maximum swimming speed of 0.58 m/s, i.e., 1.04 BL/s. Finally, the superiority of the proposed drive mechanism in disposing of load disequilibrium and smoothing output power of servomotor, is analyzed and validated by the comparisons between a Multi-Joint robotic fish and our robotic fish.
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3,764
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Please write an abstract with title: A new phase-locked loop with high speed phase frequency detector, and key words: Phase locked loops, Phase frequency detector, Circuit simulation, Circuit analysis, Art, Circuit optimization, Jitter, Complexity theory, Circuit synthesis, Voltage-controlled oscillators. Abstract: In this paper, we first systematically analyze existing phase frequency detectors from aspects of theoretical analysis and circuit operation. Based on the circuit architecture, both classifications and comparisons are made. Then we propose a high speed phase frequency detector for PLL design. The proposed phase frequency detector is simple in its structure and has no glitch output as well as better phase characteristics. Furthermore, some simulations results by HSPICE are performed based on 0.35 /spl mu/m process parameters. Several prior art phase frequency detectors with the proposed one are compared for phase sensitivity, dead zone characteristics and maximum operation frequency. Based on simulation results, the proposed phase frequency detector shows satisfactory circuit performance with higher operation frequency, lower phase jitter and smaller circuit complexity. The speed of the proposed phase frequency detector is up to 3.5GHz. Moreover, the circuit design of a GHz PLL has been completed including high speed VCO, charge pump and phase frequency detector with an external loop filter. The total layout size excluding pads is 216.3/spl mu/m /spl times/ 47.85/spl mu/m. The post-layout simulations for 1.1 GHz PLL loop operation has been shown and verified.
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3,765
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Please write an abstract with title: Microsoft Malware Detection using Machine Learning, and key words: Data privacy, Data analysis, Machine learning, Control systems, Malware, Loss measurement, Data models. Abstract: A malware is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client or network. Malware is very challenging issue and major concern for privacy of data. This detection can give information about Malicious and Benign data. Machine learning contain Evaluation measures like multi-class log loss, Confusion matrix, precision and recall these four measures are used. Exploratory data analysis, ANOVA, Feature engineering and evaluation are methods for classification machine learning models. In this paper Decision tree model is used for the classification. Max depth for 16 value gives more accuracy score 0.63 as compare to Max depth for 32 value which gives accuracy score 0.5.
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3,766
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Please write an abstract with title: Advantages and Barriers of Applying Solar Nowcasting in Controlling Microgrids: Findings From A Survey in 2020, and key words: Power system management, Companies, Tools, Power system reliability, Batteries, Spinning, Forecasting. Abstract: Variable distributed energy resources (DERs) such as solar and wind are rapidly becoming common in low-inertia microgrids (MGs) worldwide as the world explores cost-efficient and sustainable energy solutions. Additionally, the urgent need for greenhouse gas emission reductions and the availability of vast renewable energy resources serve as motivations to harvest these renewabies. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of the most utilised due to the significant drop in prices for solar PV systems. However, the variable nature of solar PV generation due to cloud movements introduces rapid ramp events thus affecting power system management. Nowcasting, which is defined as very short-term solar irradiance forecasting, together with controllable DERs, can be integrated into MGs to possibly address these ramp events and enable an increase in PV penetration levels in MGs. This study outlines the benefits and limitations of nowcasting and its applications in the control of MGs obtained from a survey. From the survey, it was evident that sky camera-based nowcasting technology is still new but has potential in MG applications. Applications of nowcasting in MGs included ramp rates control and scheduling of spinning reserves. Additionally, PV penetration levels may be increased if nowcasting tools are incorporated into the control of MGs. However, the main barrier impeding the utilisation of sky camera-based nowcasting technology is the lack of experience and lack of demonstrated reliability.
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3,767
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Please write an abstract with title: Benefits of Teaching Systems Thinking as part of an Engineering Curriculum, and key words: Systems thinking, Technological innovation, Entrepreneurship, Engineering students, Standards. Abstract: In this Research-to-Practice, Work in Progress paper, we examine the benefits of teaching systems thinking in an engineering curriculum. The call to include systems thinking and systems engineering courses as part of general engineering curriculum has received an increased amount of attention during the past few years. The need to improve the skills of all engineering students to help them deal with realistic, unbounded and complex problems, in a multidisciplinary environment that would produce viable and robust solutions, along with new ABET criteria has also helped this call. In this paper, we present supporting arguments to include one or more courses in systems thinking and engineering systems design as part of an engineering curriculum. This is done by identifying key common requirements between innovation and systems thinking. Including these courses will enhance professional skills and directly impact several “student outcomes” requirement under ABET. We also argue that these courses will positively impact and enhance innovation and entrepreneurship abilities.
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3,768
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Please write an abstract with title: YOLOv5-Fog: A Multiobjective Visual Detection Algorithm for Fog Driving Scenes Based on Improved YOLOv5, and key words: Feature extraction, Detection algorithms, Atmospheric modeling, Autonomous vehicles, Training, Meteorology, Object detection. Abstract: With the rapid development of deep learning in recent years, the level of automatic driving perception has also increased substantially. However, automatic driving perception under adverse conditions, such as fog, remains a significant obstacle. The existing fog-oriented detection algorithms are unable to simultaneously address the detection accuracy and detection speed. Based on improved YOLOv5, this work provides a multiobject detection network for fog driving scenes. We construct a synthetic fog dataset by using the dataset of a virtual scene and the depth information of the image. Second, we present a detection network for driving in fog based on improved YOLOv5. The ResNeXt model, which has been modified by structural re-parameterization, serves as the model’s backbone. We build a new feature enhancement module (FEM) in response to the lack of features in fog scene images and use the attention mechanism to help the detection network pay more attention to the more useful features in the fog scenes. The test results show that the proposed fog multitarget detection network outperforms the original YOLOv5 in terms of detection accuracy and speed. The accuracy of the Real-world Task-driven Testing Set (RTTS) public dataset is 77.8%, and the detection speed is 31 frames/s, which is 14 frames faster as compared with the original YOLOv5.
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3,769
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Please write an abstract with title: Feature selection and text classification for Chinese Web documents, and key words: Text categorization, Web pages, Frequency, Knowledge engineering, Genetic algorithms, Lattices, HTML, Computer science, Educational technology, Laboratories. Abstract: A great deal of methods for feature selection and text classification have been widely applied to English Web documents, while few studies have been done on Chinese Web documents. This paper gives a term weighting method based on inverse document frequency, HTML tags and length of Chinese phrase, reports our method to select Web text feature based on the messy genetic algorithm, provides an algorithm for Web text classification based on improvement on lattice machine approach. Our experiments show that these methods are valuable.
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3,770
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Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Thermal Aging on the Interface Fracture Toughness of the PCB-UF Interface, and key words: Aging, Temperature distribution, Stress, Substrates, Delamination, Loading, Strain. Abstract: Electronics in military applications increasingly rely on the use of commercial off-the-shelf components for enabling critical electrical functions. Defense electronics may often be subjected to high-g acceleration loads in addition to extremes of temperature, humidity and prolonged storage. Underfills are often used to provide protection and survivability expectations under extreme thermos-mechanical loading, CTE mismatches, moisture. There is a dearth of computational tools to allow for the prediction of the initiation of damage and the progression of damage at the underfill-interfaces under high-g shock loads. Defense electronics and military systems have longer lifetimes in the neighborhood of 20-40 years and higher reliability requirements. New packaging architectures, which often push the edge of the envelope in terms of miniaturization, cannot be compared with the prior generation electronic systems and lack decades of historical data to provide robust proof of their survivability. Tools and techniques are needed to determine the failure envelopes for new component technologies for operation under high acceleration loads in current and next generation military systems. In this paper, the interface fracture toughness of the PCB-UF interface has been studied under exposure to high temperature storage. A three-point composite beam specimen has been used to study the interface fracture toughness. The bi-material strips of PCB/Underfill were thermally aged for 10 days, 30 days and 60 days at temperatures ranging from 100°C to 150°C and then the sample specimens were subjected to quasi-static three-point bending to observe fracture parameters and to determine interfacial delamination of bi-material strips. A 2D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method was also employed to understand the Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD), crack initiation and the fracture toughness, CTOD were compared with the aging schedule and temperature.
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3,771
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Please write an abstract with title: Temporal-wise Attention Spiking Neural Networks for Event Streams Classification, and key words: Training, Computational modeling, Gesture recognition, Streaming media, Feature extraction, Brain modeling, Task analysis. Abstract: How to effectively and efficiently deal with spatio-temporal event streams, where the events are generally sparse and non-uniform and have the μs temporal resolution, is of great value and has various real-life applications. Spiking neural network (SNN), as one of the brain-inspired event-triggered computing models, has the potential to extract effective spatio-temporal features from the event streams. However, when aggregating individual events into frames with a new higher temporal resolution, existing SNN models do not attach importance to that the serial frames have different signal-to-noise ratios since event streams are sparse and non-uniform. This situation interferes with the performance of existing SNNs. In this work, we propose a temporal-wise attention SNN (TA-SNN) model to learn frame-based representation for processing event streams. Concretely, we extend the attention concept to temporal-wise input to judge the significance of frames for the final decision at the training stage, and discard the irrelevant frames at the inference stage. We demonstrate that TA-SNN models improve the accuracy of event streams classification tasks. We also study the impact of multiple-scale temporal resolutions for frame-based representation. Our approach is tested on three different classification tasks: gesture recognition, image classification, and spoken digit recognition. We report the state-of-the-art results on these tasks, and get the essential improvement of accuracy (almost 19%) for gesture recognition with only 60 ms.
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3,772
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Please write an abstract with title: A case study on Green Buildings and its applicability in Bahrain, and key words: Leadership, Costs, Green buildings, Buildings, Maintenance engineering, Air pollution, Planning, Climate change. Abstract: The environment is being heavily affected due to human actions and increased urbanization. It is well known that with the increase of conventional buildings, the risk is higher on the environment due to its unsustainable nature and the way it drains resources and harms the environment. This case study paper aims to show the importance of moving from conventional buildings into green buildings. Specifically, it provides information needed to understand what green buildings are and why they are better options than conventional buildings. Green buildings are structures that focus on not harming the environment and draining resources. The most common criteria to measure how green a building is LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). A case study was conducted on an existing building in Bahrain to illustrate green buildings' applicability. A comparison was made between conventional buildings and green buildings, and the method to compare was LEED crediting system. This case study proved that conventional buildings consume much more resources, and green buildings are considered a better option in terms of all aspects related to the environment, energy, and cost. The case study showed that green buildings have a lower cost, less material waste, and less energy consumption. As a recommendation, the concept of green buildings should be considered when constructing new buildings and applied to existing buildings.
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3,773
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Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Dynamic Programming-Based Fault Tolerant Control for Nonlinear Systems with Multiple Failures, and key words: Adaptive systems, Optimal control, Fault tolerant control, Artificial neural networks, Observers, Mathematical models, Nonlinear dynamical systems. Abstract: This paper investigates the fault tolerant control (FTC) scheme against multiple failures (i.e., both actuator and sensor failures occur simultaneously) for nonlinear systems via adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). A descriptor observer is designed to estimate the system states and failures concurrently. Next, a critic neural network (NN) is used to solve the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation for the nominal system, i.e., the failure-free system, and the approximate optimal control policy is obtained. The FTC law is achieved by combining the estimated system states and failures with the approximate optimal control policy. By using the Lyapunov's direct method, we conclude that the closed-loop system is uniformly ultimately bounded. An example is employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the present FTC method.
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3,774
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Please write an abstract with title: High-isolation bonding pad with depletion-insulation structure for RF/microwave integrated circuits on bulk silicon CMOS, and key words: Bonding, Q factor, Radio frequency, CMOS integrated circuits, Microwave integrated circuits, Radiofrequency integrated circuits, Silicon, Capacitance, Resonant frequency, Integrated circuit interconnections. Abstract: Bonding pads for RF/microwave integrated circuits on bulk silicon CMOS is designed with a simple depletion-insulation (DI) structure. Experimental results show high isolation and low substrate loss. An inter-pad isolation of more than 40 dB at 10 GHz is obtained for a 90-/spl mu/m separation distance. The isolation is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of the conventional structure. The return loss is also less than 1.5 dB at 10 GHz. The high Q factor of the DI pad is achieved a few times greater that of the conventional type. The low pad capacitance of about 0.013 fF//spl mu/m/sup 2/ is attained. This will increase the resonant frequency of the bond-wire-pad connection. The application of the useful DI structure is extendable to interconnect and planar spiral inductor to reduce the substrate loss and increase the Q factor.
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3,775
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Please write an abstract with title: An X-band small outline leaded plastic package for MMIC applications, and key words: Plastic packaging, MMICs, Integrated circuit packaging, Electromagnetic measurements, Bandwidth, Calibration, Pins, Insertion loss, Prototypes, Radiofrequency integrated circuits. Abstract: A new small outline (SO) leaded plastic package has been developed that improves return loss, insertion loss, and isolation performance over that of a shrink small outline package (SSOP) in the same body size. A custom TRL calibration kit was developed, and prototype packages built and measured. The measured package showed an increase in the application bandwidth of SO-type packages from 5 GHz to over 8 GHz. Further investigations using full-wave electromagnetic simulations reveal a potential increase in return loss of better than 30 dB to 10 GHz, giving the package a usable bandwidth well into the X-band (8-12GHz). Applications for the new package are in microwave and RFIC applications.
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3,776
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Please write an abstract with title: Video service utilizing networked image retrieval system, and key words: Image retrieval, Displays, Streaming media, Multimedia databases, Network servers, Digital TV, Information retrieval, Electronic mail, Design engineering, Games. Abstract: Proposed is a new video service system utilizing the image directory and a flat-panel digital TV display, featuring the retrieval of a specific sequence of MPEG-2 video stream of a baseball game designated by the specific customer.
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3,777
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Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation on the Autoconfigured Multipulse AC/DC Rectifiers and Their Application in More Electric Aircrafts, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Rectifiers, Aircraft, Power system harmonics, Power quality. Abstract: Multipulse ac/dc rectifiers (MPRs) are widely used in aviation applications due to their rugged structure, cost effective, and high-reliability features. In this article, an overview of the recent advances and trends on the MPR technology, mainly the autoconfigured transformer-based MPRs, and its application in more electric aircrafts is performed. This article covers system topologies, transformer configurations, passive and active harmonic reduction schemes, case study, practical selection and design guidelines, and applications. To fairly evaluate the performances of MPRs with different pulse numbers, necessary simulation studies are carried out under comparable conditions, including power rating, input and output specifications, and transformer configuration. Then, an 18-pulse asymmetric delta-polygon configured prototype is established based on the simulation evaluation and experimental verification is performed. It is expected that this article can provide a broad perspective on MPR technology, and, in particular, highlight the latest emerged technology that significantly promotes the performances of MPRs. More importantly, it is desired that the results obtained in this article can provide an effective selection guideline and design suggestion for researchers and engineers engaged in designing MPRs, especially for aviation applications.
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3,778
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Please write an abstract with title: AIoT Security - from the Perspective of a Microcontroller, and key words: Security, Microcontrollers, Very large scale integration, Software, Resists, Microprogramming, Hardware. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. IoT or AIoT devices manage very valuable assets - data. The information contained in these data is all-encompassing. Therefore, how to protect these important data is getting more and more attention. As an integral part of the AIoT device, in addition to protecting the security of its firmware and processing data, the microcontroller must also maintain correct operation to avoid becoming a security vulnerability. We'll describe the security functions that the microcontroller needs to resist attacks from software or hardware.
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3,779
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Please write an abstract with title: Visual-Inertial Multi-Instance Dynamic SLAM with Object-level Relocalisation, and key words: Simultaneous localization and mapping, Three-dimensional displays, Semantics, Dynamics, Object detection, Cameras, Robustness. Abstract: In this paper, we present a tightly-coupled visual-inertial object-level multi-instance dynamic SLAM system. Even in extremely dynamic scenes, it can robustly optimise for the camera pose, velocity, IMU biases and build a dense 3D reconstruction object-level map of the environment. Our system can robustly track and reconstruct the geometries of arbitrary objects, their semantics and motion by incrementally fusing associated colour, depth, semantic, and foreground object probabilities into each object model thanks to its robust sensor and object tracking. In addition, when an object is lost or moved outside the camera field of view, our system can reliably recover its pose upon re-observation. We demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of our method by quantitatively and qualitatively testing it in real-world data sequences.
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3,780
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Please write an abstract with title: An MDP-based Link Switching Scheme for WiFi-Infrared Heterogeneous Uplink Systems, and key words: Wireless communication, Measurement, Optical switches, Optical receivers, Delays, Safety, Reliability. Abstract: Despite the fact that visible light communication (VLC) systems provide tremendous data rates, employing visible light for the uplink (UL) is unfavourable due to safety concerns, illumination constraints, interference challenges etc. Using infrared (IR) light is a more feasible alternative for the provision of high UL data rates in VLC systems, even though IR may suffer severe intermittent outages just like visible light. For reliability sake, a lower rate WiFi UL can be used to support the vulnerable IR UL via link switching. Therefore, this paper presents a link switching scheme based on Markov decision process (MDP) for hybrid WiFi and IR UL systems with the objective of minimizing the transfer delay of data. The results of simulation, carried out under varying scenarios, prove our scheme's ability to adapt to the dynamic transiency of IR link interruptions leading to relatively low transfer delays.
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3,781
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Please write an abstract with title: Scattering and beam trapping in laser-produced plasmas in gases, and key words: Particle beams, Laser beams, Gas lasers, Gases, Light scattering, Free electron lasers, Plasma density, Electron traps, Electric breakdown, Optical reflection. Abstract: Experimental evidence is presented to verify that the laser light scattered at 90° from laser-induced breakdown plasmas in air is not due to Thomson scattering from free electrons as has been generally assumed. The scattering appears to be dominated by reflections from the interfaces of minute localized regions of high electron density. The geometry of the scattering regions indicates that self-focusing may occur in the plasmas generated in some gases.
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3,782
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Please write an abstract with title: Paint With the Sun: A Thermal-Vision Guided Robot to Harness Solar Energy for Heliography, and key words: Robots, Sun, Lenses, Solar energy, Cameras, Robot vision systems, Task analysis. Abstract: In this article, we present a novel robotic system for heliography, which literally refers to painting with the Sun. In the context of artistic creation, heliography involves the precise manipulation of a magnifying glass to burn artwork on wooden panels by concentrating solar energy. Since this painting procedure exposes the human operator to prolonged periods of intensive sunlight, it can potentially cause sunburns to the skin or damage the eyes. To avoid these issues, in this article, we propose to automate the heliography process with a robot in lieu of a human operator. The proposed thermal servoing capabilities have the potential to robotize various solar power generation technologies such as concentrated solar power (CSP) and concentrated photovoltaics (CPVs). To perform this task, our robotic system is equipped with a magnifying glass attached to the end-effector and is instrumented with vision and thermal sensors. The proposed sensor-based controls enable to automatically: 1) track the orientation of the Sun in real time to maximize the concentrated solar energy; 2) direct the solar rays toward the point of interest; and 3) control the heat power intensity at the target point to achieve the required steady-state temperature. The performance of our system is evaluated by conducting autonomous heliography experiments with various patterns.
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3,783
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Please write an abstract with title: Hand Gesture Identification System Using Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: Fault tolerance, Neural networks, Fault tolerant systems, Hidden Markov models, Gesture recognition, Object segmentation, Assistive technologies. Abstract: Recognition of hand movements is a key to conquering several difficulties and building warmth for human life. In an enormous number of applications, human actions and their significance are used in an array of applications to grasp the flexibility of machines. Sign language interpretation is one particular area of interest. Following paper describes a practical and interactive procedure for hand gesture detection by making use of a Convolutional Neural Network. The techniques are suitably graded into various stages during the process, such as the data acquisition, pre-processing, segmentation, extraction of features, and classification. The different algorithms that have done their task at each location are elaborated, along with their merits. Challenges and limitations faced during the process are discussed. Overall, it is hoped that the analysis might provide a detailed introduction into the sector of machine-driven gesture and signing acknowledgment and further facilitation of future research efforts in this sector. The proposed methodology has been tested over the 8700 images, and it classifies the images with an approximate accuracy of above 95%.
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3,784
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Please write an abstract with title: Engineering Application of Millisecond Precision Load Control System, and key words: Substations, Load shedding, Debugging, Interference, Power system stability, Power grids, Stability analysis. Abstract: The mode of load shedding control has changed from the traditional mode of centralized load shedding in substation to fast and precise control of interruptible branch load lines for users through the millisecond precision load control system. First of all, the article focuses on the overall architecture of the precision load control system and the functions of the various levels of load shedding devices. Then, the control strategy of the precise load control system is analyzed. Finally, combined with the overall joint test, the engineering application of the system is described. Field debugging tests show that the system not only meets the requirements of speed and safety of traditional stability control system, but also achieves the accurate control of interruption load for enterprise users, and improves the fine level of emergency load shedding control.
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3,785
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Please write an abstract with title: Analyzing on phase error for single pass interferometric SAR, and key words: Error analysis, Synthetic aperture radar interferometry, Signal to noise ratio, Noise level, Phase noise, Synthetic aperture radar, Decorrelation, Equations, Indexing, Hydrology. Abstract: The height error induced by phase errors is decisive for the final performance of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) systems. The principle reasons associated with the phase errors are illustrated in this paper, including SNR, baseline length, number of looks, etc. The derived models are applied to a practical example.
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3,786
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Please write an abstract with title: A BF16 FMA is All You Need for DNN Training, and key words: Training, Hardware, Arithmetic, Proposals, Silicon, Computational modeling, Compounds. Abstract: Fused Multiply-Add (FMA) functional units constitute a fundamental hardware component to train Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Its silicon area grows quadratically with the mantissa bit count of the computer number format, which has motivated the adoption of the BrainFloat16 format (BF16). BF16 features 1 sign, 8 exponent and 7 explicit mantissa bits. Some approaches to train DNNs achieve significant performance benefits by using the BF16 format. However, these approaches must combine BF16 with the standard IEEE 754 Floating-Point 32-bit (FP32) format to achieve state-of-the-art training accuracy, which limits the impact of adopting BF16. This article proposes the first approach able to train complex DNNs entirely using the BF16 format. We propose a new class of FMA operators, $\mathrm{FMA}^{\mathrm {bf}16}_{\mathrm{n}\_\mathrm{m}}$, that entirely rely on BF16 FMA hardware instructions and deliver the same accuracy as FP32. $\mathrm{FMA}^{\mathrm {bf}16}_{\mathrm{n}\_\mathrm{m}}$ operators achieve performance improvements within the 1.28-1.35× range on ResNet101 with respect to FP32. $\mathrm{FMA}^{\mathrm {bf}16}_{\mathrm{n}\_\mathrm{m}}$ enables training complex DNNs on simple low-end hardware devices without requiring expensive FP32 FMA functional units.
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3,787
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Please write an abstract with title: Short Cuts in Printed-Circuit Wiring, and key words: Wiring, Wire, Testing, Conductors, Standardization, Packaging, Design engineering, Production, Standards organizations, Insulation. Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the responsibilities of product engineering and design in evolving printed wire products. The short cuts are the results of planning with maximum standardization. The products to be used for illustration are 23 servo-amplifier designs used in military airborne equipment. The quantity of amplifiers to be produced is not large and might be classified as a short-run type production. Printed wiring was decided upon on the basis of reduced unit cost and consistency of amplifier performance. It is important to point out that the products mentioned are part of a large system within a large company. Many of the principles illustrated herein are necessary because of the great coordination a large program requires.
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3,788
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Please write an abstract with title: Autonomous Cognition and Personalized Service Selection Based on Emotion-Space-Time Information for Home Service Robot, and key words: Emotion recognition, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Service robots, Simulation, Neural networks, Ontologies. Abstract: Aimed to the drawbacks of neglecting user emotion during robot service recognition, a user emotion based autonomous service cognition method and personalized service selection strategy for robot is presented. First, ontology technology is used to build the 3D ontology model of the home intelligent space. This model combines the information of user's emotion, space and time in home intelligent space, it can eliminate the heterogeneity of information. Second, the emotion-space-time rule base is encoded and BP neural network is adopted to construct the inference engine. The real-time updated information in home intelligent space and well-trained neural network are matched to generate the robot services automatically. The autonomous cognition of user emotion-based robot service tasks is realized. Finally, the change of user emotion is used as a reward feedback signal of the service execution to dynamically adjust the user preference to each subclass service, the adaptive method of personalized service selection matched with the user emotion is designed. The simulation result shows, with this method, a robot can autonomously achieve the user emotion based service recognition and provide a personalized service. The proposed method can improve the intelligence and flexibility of home service robot effectively.
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3,789
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Please write an abstract with title: An Effective Load Balanced Controller Placement Approach in Software-Defined WANs, and key words: Control systems, Delays, Wide area networks, Reliability, Topology, Clustering algorithms, Energy consumption. Abstract: Wide Area Networks (WANs) are widely used in various fields such as business, education, government and military. The traditional network management of WANs has been difficult to meet the requirements of network development. Software-Defined Networking (SDN), a new network architecture with the concept of the separation between control and forwarding and centralized management, provides a practical solution for the efficient management of WANs. A Software-Defined WAN (SD-WAN) is usually deployed with multiple controllers due to the requirements of delay, scalability and reliability. The controller placement is a significant issue in a SD-WAN. In the literature, many approaches focus on reducing the delay between switches and controllers. However, these approaches may lead to load imbalance among controllers, which would have a negative impact on the performance and reliability of the network. In this paper, we define the load balanced controller placement problem, whose objective is to reduce the average delay between switches and controllers while maintaining load balance among controllers. And we propose an effective controller placement approach based on topological potential and minimum-cost flow to solve this problem. Extensive simulations on various real WAN topologies verify that our controller placement approach can effectively reduce the delay between switches and controllers and maintain good load balance among controllers. Our approach can also reduce the number of required controllers to avoid overload.
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3,790
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Please write an abstract with title: Automated GPC tuning based on fuzzy logic and event triggered mechanism, and key words: Fuzzy logic, System performance, Conferences, Predictive models, Cyber-physical systems, Prediction algorithms, Hardware. Abstract: This paper proposes a fresh method for generalized predictive control (GPC) tuning of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system based on fuzzy logic and event triggered mechanism. The slope of the system output is considered as a new fuzzy target parameter to build the fuzzy logic algorithm, based on which an improved fuzzy logic based GPC online tuning method can be achieved. Simultaneously, in order to release the computation and communication resources associated with the online tuning of the GPC parameter, this paper further introduce the event-triggered mechanism (ETM) to avoid the redundant updates. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified via a machine-furnace coordination system.
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3,791
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Please write an abstract with title: Stochastic time-frequency analysis using the analytic signal: why the complementary distribution matters, and key words: Stochastic processes, Time frequency analysis, Signal analysis, Interference, Signal processing, Stress, Random processes, Statistics, Two dimensional displays, Terminology. Abstract: We challenge the perception that we live in a "proper world", where complex random signals can always be assumed to be proper (also called circularly symmetric). Rather, we stress the fact that the analytic signal constructed from a nonstationary real signal is, in general, improper, which means that its complementary correlation function is nonzero. We explore the consequences of this finding in the context of stochastic time-frequency analysis in Cohen's class. There, the analytic signal plays a prominent role because it reduces interference terms. However, the usual time-frequency representation (TFR) based on the analytic signal gives only an incomplete signal description. It must be augmented by a complementary TFR whose properties we develop in detail. We show why it is still advantageous to use the pair of standard and complementary TFRs of the analytic signal rather than the TFR of the corresponding real signal.
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3,792
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Measurement of Intra-LP-Mode Dispersion for Weakly-Coupled FMF, and key words: Optical fiber dispersion, Couplings, Optical fiber polarization, Manganese, Optical fiber LAN, Optical fiber cables, Correlation. Abstract: Weakly-coupled mode division multiplexing (MDM) technique based on linearly-polarized (LP) modes in ultralow-modal-crosstalk few-mode fibers (FMF) has been considered as a promising candidate for capacity enhancement of short-reach transmission applications. Similar to the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in single-mode fibers (SMF), signals in weakly-coupled FMFs suffer from the influence of intra-LP-mode dispersion (ILMD). In this paper, the generation mechanism of ILMD is firstly analyzed and the mean ILMDs in a typical step-index circular-core FMF are calculated. Then numerical simulations are carried out to investigate its impact and the severe performance degradation indicates that it may be one of the major transmission impairments for intensity-modulation/direct-detection (IM/DD) MDM systems. Moreover, an Improved Fixed Analyzer Method (IFAM) is proposed for ILMD measurement, based on which a weakly-coupled FMF supporting 6 LP modes is measured. Experimental results show that the ILMD for each circularly-symmetric LP mode behaviors like PMD in a SMF, while it may be up to tens of times larger for the non-circularly-symmetric LP modes. This work evaluates for the first time the ILMD impact and is beneficial for the design of weakly-coupled FMFs and IM/DD MDM systems.
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3,793
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and performance evaluation of an adaptive parity cache technique, and key words: File systems, Conference management, Engineering management, Kernel, Data engineering, Delay, Magnetic analysis, Magnetic separation, Environmental management, Postal services. Abstract: This research proposes adaptive parity cache technique on cache to solve "small write problem" of RAID 5 especially in OLTP environments. This configuration provides a cache management method that adds information on the read/write characteristics of the file when a user process in RAID 5 makes a request to kernel for a file. This information is used for management of disk cache by reading the parity. Especially on write request, this method reduces additional access problems compared to conventional methods by using write related information of the file system to store data and parity together in a cache. Therefore, we can enhance the cache utilization and improve the disk request response time. Our method is analyzed through a mathematical method. Comparing with previous works, we observed performance enhancement.
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3,794
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Please write an abstract with title: Magnetostatic forward volume wave - spin wave conversion by etched gratings in LPE-YIG, and key words: Magnetostatic waves, Etching, Gratings, Frequency, Filters, Pulse measurements, Reflection, Transducers, Propagation losses, Surface waves. Abstract: Experiments in the 3 GHz region are reported normal incidence of magnetostatic forward volume waves (MSFVW) on etched groove arrays. Significant mode conversion to standing spin wave resonances (SSWR) along the axis normal to the films has been observed and correlated to the SSWR spectrum. A criterion is derived which allows design of etched groove arrays with optimum bandwidth including the effects of the SSWR mode conversion. Suitable pass-band characteristics can be achieved by choice of etch groove depth.
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3,795
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Please write an abstract with title: Preliminary Study to Optimize the Supply Chain of the PT. Otsuka-Built Hydroponics Smart Ecosystem, and key words: Warranties, Ecosystems, Supply chains, Information technology, Monitoring. Abstract: Supply Chain (SC) plays a very important role in an Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based smart ecosystem. It gives warranty that the right products from such ecosystem can be tagged with the right price, received by the right customers at the right time by using the right deliverer. In this research, we did a preliminary study in finding factors for optimizing the supply chain for hydroponic smart ecosystem especially vegetables demand and supply. From our study, we found that those factors are timeliness and correctness. Therefore, we propose a new concept called as IoTSC that has a good prospect to optimize SC in our hydroponic smart ecosystem.
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3,796
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Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of Permanent Magnet Machines Equipped with Unbalanced Fractional-Slot Distributed Windings vs. Balanced Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings, and key words: Measurement, Permanent magnet machines, Manufacturing processes, Windings, Loading, Permanent magnet motors, Permanent magnets. Abstract: Fractional-slot concentrated winding permanent magnet (PM) machines have been gaining interest over the last decade in various applications. In this paper, a comparison of various conventional fractional-slot PM machines with an unconventional and unbalanced fractional-slot distributed winding PM motor is presented. The motors are designed for the same torque-speed curve, same design envelope, same electrical loading and magnet weight. No skewing is utilized in the designs for a fair comparison. It is found that 12-slot/10-pole and 27-slot/12-pole combinations stand out in terms of meeting the same torque-speed profile of the baseline machine with 39-slot/12-pole while having comparable performance metrics especially when it comes to reducing torque ripple.
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3,797
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Please write an abstract with title: Programmable Metasurface Intelligent Beamforming, and key words: Codes, Array signal processing, Europe, Metasurfaces, Real-time systems, Velocity measurement, System analysis and design. Abstract: This paper proposes an intelligent beamforming architecture to predict the mapping relationship between codes and three-dimensional patterns. First, the two-dimensional intelligent beamforming (IB) framework is proposed. Then, the one-dimensional intelligent beamforming to realize the fast calculation of P-C and C-P is presented. The IB includes: 1) Substrate integrate waveguide programmable metasurface and automatic measuring systems design, 2) fast prediction from codes to patterns, 3) real-time prediction from patterns to codes, and intelligent beamforming architecture. Finally, the proposed IB is validated by the measured results.
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3,798
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Please write an abstract with title: PET Scatter Correction Using Energy Based Trues Estimation, and key words: Image quality, Three-dimensional displays, Monte Carlo methods, Shape, Computational modeling, Computed tomography, Phantoms. Abstract: Most commercial PET scanners employ a scatter simulation model or Monte Carlo simulation for scatter estimation. Both these methods require an emission image and an attenuation map for scatter computation. In this work, we present a novel method to estimate scatter using only the energy information in the PET list-mode data. The method is based upon the premise that for a given isotope, the energy response of the true coincidences will have a specific global baseline shape. The PET list-mode data was binned into a series of 3D TOF sinograms with coarse energy sampling and scatter was estimated for each sinogram bin. A high energy window was used to obtain the weighted trues estimate, which in turn guided the partial trues estimate for each energy bin, as dictated by the normalized baseline trues response. The difference between measured net trues and partial trues estimate resulted in the raw scatter estimate. Correction of residuals resulting from trues present in the scatter estimate and lack of explicit low angle scatter was applied to the raw scatter estimate. The total scatter estimate was a linear combination of raw scatter estimate, high energy scatter and weighted trues estimate. A Gaussian filter was applied to obtain the scatter from energy based trues (EBT). PETCT scans with a line source placed in different diameter scatter phantoms, NEMA image quality, uniform oval phantom and a high contrast oval phantom with insert were performed. Clinical datasets included 2 whole-body F-18 based patient scans acquired with continuous bed motion. Each dataset was processed with scatter correction using the single scatter simulation model based relative scatter scaling (SSS-rel) and the EBT approach. EBT approach matched the expected scatter shape better than the SSS-rel approach for all the scatter phantoms. For the high contrast oval phantom, EBT approach gave a more uniform background activity distribution compared to the SSS-rel approach. The proposed energy based scatter correction approach was found to provide image quality comparable or better than the model based approach with potential to provide improved scatter correction for large patients and in case of PET and CT mismatch.
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3,799
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Please write an abstract with title: Study About Architecture Classification of Bidirectional Non-Isolated Power Converters, and key words: Seminars, Low voltage, Prototypes, Switches, High-voltage techniques, Microgrids, Transformers. Abstract: In this paper an evaluation of the architecture classification of bidirectional power converters is done taking into account the low voltage DC bus as input and high voltage as output. The classification can be input/output as series or parallel, where the series characteristic is the voltage division between the converters, while the parallel characteristic presents the current division feature. Also, in this paper is proposed a new architecture, which present both characteristic of parallel and series approach. To demonstrate the experimental efficiency results of the architectures, six prototypes were built in the laboratory. Efficiency curves was extract from 500 W to 1 kW, where the proposed architecture presented one of the best general efficiency.
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