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Please write an abstract with title: Discovering an S-Coverable WF-net using DiSCover, and key words: PROM, Routing, Behavioral sciences, Synchronization, Data mining. Abstract: Although many algorithms exist that can discover a WF-net from an event log, only a few (if any at all) can discover advanced routing constructs. As examples, the Inductive miner uses process trees and cannot discover complex loops, or situations where choice and parallel behavior is mixed, and the Hybrid ILP miner cannot discover certain complex routing constructs because it cannot discover silent transitions. This paper introduces the DiSCover miner, a discovery algorithm that can discover these more complex constructs and that is implemented in ProM. The DiSCover miner discovers from the event log a WF-net that corresponds to a collection of state machines that need to synchronize on the visible transitions (that is, on the activities from the event log). As such, it discovers a WF-net that is S-Coverable but not necessarily sound. Initial results show that it can discover complex routing constructs and that it performs well on the data sets of the different Process Discovery Contests. It even preformed better than winners of the 2020 and 2021 contests.
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3,901
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Please write an abstract with title: Recognition of Voltage Sag Causes using Vector Quantization based Orthogonal Wavelet, and key words: Wavelet transforms, Vector quantization, Power quality, Transformers, Real-time systems, Robustness, Naive Bayes methods. Abstract: As per mitigation aspects, recognition of the events which cause various power quality disturbances holds more significance as compared to recognition of those power quality disturbances. So, this paper proposes an approach for recognition of events which causes voltage sag. This work designs new orthogonal signal-adapted wavelet basis using vector quantization for more efficacious multiresolution analysis of input signals. From filterbank of designed wavelets, most optimal wavelet basis for a particular input signal is chosen by adopting the criterion of maximum energy-to-Shannon-entropy ratio. Multiresolution analysis of the input signal using selected wavelet basis produces more distinguishing and informative feature set to be classified by naive Bayes classifier. The proposed method has achieved good classification accuracy even in the presence of noise which proves its robustness for real-time applications.
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3,902
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Please write an abstract with title: Research and Implementation of the Early-late Gate Bit Synchronization Algorithm in the Non-coherent Spread Spectrum System, and key words: Tracking loops, Heuristic algorithms, Bit error rate, Logic gates, Software, Synchronization, Software measurement. Abstract: The data clock and the pseudocode clock of the non-coherent spread spectrum system are not homologous, and the phase relationship between them is not fixed, which may have the problem of random data flipping during coherent integration and affect the bit decision. Thus, the bit synchronization loop becomes a key technology for bit timing recovery. In this paper, an improved bit synchronization algorithm based on the Early-Late Gate is proposed. A bit-synchronous loop is constructed to identify the phase using the Early-Late integration results of two adjacent data codes, which can effectively improve the communication performance under random data flipping conditions. The bit clock can be dynamically adjusted according to the loop tracking result so that the integration start moment is aligned with the data bit start edge. This enables full bit coherent integration to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and thus reduce the demodulation bit error rate. The effectiveness and correctness of this method is validated by MATLAB simulations and board tests. For highly dynamic signals, the loop can be bit-synchronized within 30ms. In addition, for a signal with an Eb/N0 of 10.97dB, the bit error rate is 0 (better than 10-6) when running at a rate of 8ksps for 125s, which is in general agreement with the theoretical value.
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3,903
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Please write an abstract with title: User Grouping in Multiuser Satellite MIMO Downlink With Fairness Consideration, and key words: Satellites, Channel capacity, Precoding, MIMO communication, Feeds, Downlink, Receiving antennas. Abstract: In this letter, a multi-user satellite MIMO downlink including a multi-beam GEO satellite and multiple user terminals (UTs) is considered. In order to make every UT get the service fairly, all UTs need to be divided into multiple groups so that UTs in the same group can be served simultaneously, and different groups can be served sequentially in different time slots. The user grouping problem is investigated in this letter with the objective of maximizing the average channel capacity per time slot, and a genetic based user grouping (GBUG) algorithm is proposed. Simulations show that the average channel capacity obtained by GBUG is larger than that of the existing algorithms in the ZF and MMSE precoding system.
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3,904
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Please write an abstract with title: Joint optimization of the motion estimation module and the up/down scaler in transcoders, and key words: Motion estimation, Transcoding, Discrete cosine transforms, Spatial resolution, Design optimization, Convolution, Streaming media, Digital images, Search methods, Minimization methods. Abstract: A joint design scheme is proposed to optimize the up/down scaler and the motion vector estimation module in the transcoder system. The proposed scheme first optimizes the resolution scaler for a fixed motion vector, and then a new motion vector is estimated for the fixed scaler. These two steps are iteratively repeated until they reach a local optimum solution. In the optimization of the scaler, we derive an adaptive version of a cubic convolution interpolator to enlarge or reduce digital images by arbitrary scaling factors. The adaptation is performed at each macroblock of an image. In order to estimate an optimal motion vector, a temporary motion vector is composed from the given motion vectors. Then the motion vector is refined over a narrow search range. It is well-known that this refinement scheme provides the comparable performance compared to the full search method. Simulation results show that a jointly optimized system based on the proposed algorithms outperforms the conventional systems. We can also see that the algorithms exhibit significant improvement in the minimization of information loss compared with other techniques.
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3,905
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Please write an abstract with title: Social Capital in Engineering Education, and key words: Engineering education, Educational institutions, Employment, Time factors, Atmosphere, Social network services, Sociology, Technological innovation, Productivity, Humans. Abstract: Universities set goals for their graduates to perform in the workplace as well as to be responsible citizens. Students are required to not only develop a mastery of a particular subject, but civic, social and workplace skills as well. Achieving these goals is constrained by time and an academic atmosphere of individualism and competition. Traditional approaches to curriculum designed to develop only subject specific skills are no longer appropriate and adequate to satisfy these criteria. This paper argues that universities must develop student social capital. Social capital consists of social networks, pro-social norms, and the value of these networks and norms. The value of social capital has been investigated in multiple contexts such as business, economics, and sociology and the presence of social capital has been positively correlated with low crime levels, high educational attainment, retention in college and K-12, and perhaps most intriguing for engineering education, innovation and productivity in knowledge-based firms. This work presents a summary of existing literature discussing social capital that is relevant to engineering education, from business and academic settings, and utilizing this literature base suggests that engineering education curriculum be designed in terms of developing both human capital and social capital. Additionally, social learning theories are discussed that inform the view that student learning should be centered around active social involvement, including pro-social norms such as trust and reciprocity. Several educational methods are discussed that have been shown to increase student social capital, such as cooperative learning and service learning
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3,906
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Please write an abstract with title: An in vivo validation study of ultrasonic strain imaging: a comparison of strain derived by ultrasonic strain rate imaging, gray-scale M-mode and MRI, and key words: Capacitive sensors, Ultrasonic imaging, In vivo, Gray-scale, Magnetic resonance imaging, Magnetic field induced strain, Myocardium, Strain measurement, Ultrasonic variables measurement, Pathology. Abstract: Strain rate imaging (SRI) is a new method to quantify regional myocardial deformation. It has been validated against other technique. However, these studies have been limited to validating peak strain values. As the temporal evolution of the strain curve is believed to contain important information on the functional consequences of regional pathology, we compared the complete strain curve as measured by SRI with the curves obtained by ultrasound gray-scale M-mode and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In 10 healthy volunteers and 20 patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease, radial deformation of the infero-lateral segment of the left ventricle was measured by ultrasound SRI, ultrasound M-mode and MRI. The correspondence of the temporal characteristics of these strain curves were compared by defining an intra-class correlation coefficient. In normal volunteers, an overall good agreement was found between the different methods. In patients with abnormal segmented deformation and low peak strain values, the agreement was less. However it remained within clinical acceptable limits. SRI, measuring myocardial deformation, thus provides an appropriate tool for the non-invasive assessment of regional myocardial deformation throughout the complete cardiac cycle.
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3,907
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Fault Location of Multi-source Distribution Network, and key words: Wind energy generation, Power measurement, Power supplies, Distribution networks, Fault location, Wind power generation, Position measurement. Abstract: This paper studies the influence of inverter-type distributed power generation including photovoltaic, wind and other clean energy generation on the fault location of the distribution network, analyzes the control characteristics of distributed power, and studies its grid-connected characteristics. Secondly, when the short-circuit fault occurs in the grid-connected state, the influence of the access of distributed generation on the changes of electrical parameters such as voltage and current in the distribution network is studied, and then the interference source caused by the fault location is clarified. At the same time, according to the influence of PV on various parameters of distribution network, the fault characteristics of distribution network are analyzed, and the location scheme of active distribution network section is studied.
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3,908
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Please write an abstract with title: Multiple specifications radio-frequency integrated circuit design with automatic template-driven layout retargeting, and key words: Radiofrequency integrated circuits, Radio frequency, Design automation, Technological innovation, Geometry, Design methodology, Shape, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Silicon, System-on-a-chip. Abstract: We present an automatic layout retargeting tool that generates analog and RF layouts incorporating new device sizes and geometries based on new circuit specifications. A graph-based symbolic template is automatically constructed from a practical layout such that expert designer knowledge embedded in the layout is preserved. The template can be solved for multiple layouts based on different device sizes and geometries, satisfying several different specifications. Symmetry conservation and passive device modification are also embedded in the tool. The retargeting tool is demonstrated on a voltage controlled oscillator to generate three layouts with different target goals. While manual redesign is known to take days to finish, the automatic layout retargeting tool takes a few hours to generate a reusable template and takes minutes to generate comparable layouts.
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3,909
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Please write an abstract with title: Real-time processing method for an ultra high-speed streaming server running PC Linux, and key words: Linux, Streaming media, Network servers, IP networks, Delay, HDTV, Protocols, Jitter, World Wide Web, Motion pictures. Abstract: Integration of a high-resolution video (such as HDTV) delivery system for IP networks with legacy DBMSs and WWW systems, would make it easy to achieve system for a remote video editing, remote education and digital cinema. For this reason, we have developed a streaming server for IP networks is based on the MAPOS link-layer protocol and has a 2.48-Gbps line speed. The MAPOS protocol enables IP networks over SONET/SDH. The streaming server is constructed on a typical PC with Linux. Choosing a PC and Linux provides high performance at low cost to users. Real-time processing is important if we are to send video data at a specified rate. To implement a streaming server that can deliver Gbps video streams, we developed a real-time processing method specifically for this platform. Consequently, we obtained real-time performance for a streaming server in which the method was implemented. To evaluate its performance, we measured the receiving rate and jitter on receiving terminal while the server was delivering video streams at rates from 1.5 to 2.4 Gbps. The jitter indicates the receive-buffer size that is required and the initial delay which should be inserted before playback. For video delivery at 1.5 Gbps, the maximum buffer size was shown to be 936 KBytes (5.1 msec) and initial delay was 3.0 msec. These results show the practicability of constructing a system for ultra high-speed video (including 1.5-Gbps uncompressed HDTV) delivery with a very short response time within one video frame.
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3,910
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Please write an abstract with title: A Rank-Constrained Clustering Algorithm with Adaptive Embedding, and key words: Adaptation models, Conferences, Clustering methods, Clustering algorithms, Signal processing algorithms, Benchmark testing, Signal processing. Abstract: Most spectral clustering algorithms obtain firstly the embedding based on the similarity matrix of the input data and then discretize the embedding to get the final clustering result. So, their performance is greatly affected by the noise of the similarity matrix, and the two-step strategy may lead to a suboptimal result. In this article, a novel Rank-Constrained clustering algorithm with Adaptive Embedding called RCAE is proposed, where the spectral embedding and the clustering structure are learned simultaneously, so, the influence of noise on performance is greatly reduced. In addition, a rank constraint is adopted in our model, thus, the connectivity matrix with exactly c (the number of clusters to construct) connected components can be learned, therefore, the final clustering result can be obtained according to the connected components. Experiments on several benchmark datasets validate the superiority of the proposed methods, compared to the several state-of-the-art clustering algorithms [GitHub].
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3,911
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Please write an abstract with title: Single cell trap on a chip using in-situ microfabrication with photo-crosslinkable resin and thermal gelation, and key words: Resins, Cells (biology), Microorganisms, Biotechnology, Biological materials, Fluidic microsystems, Microfluidics, Fluid flow control, Control systems, Fabrication. Abstract: Handling of microorganisms is of great interest in biology and biotechnology. Single cell capture technology has been demonstrated in our previous work with thermal gelation material and micro fluidic devise. This paper extends the system by local flow rate control to stabilize the trap with in-situ fabrication by photo-crosslinkable resin. Target cells are captured by gel and enclosed with the micro-structure. The cells, therefore, are protected from high-speed-channel flow or disturbances. This system succeeds in the separation and continuous culture of yeast cells, reaction and monitoring of the cultured cells stably by fluorescence staining in situ on a chip.
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3,912
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Please write an abstract with title: Noise Optimization for CMOS RF Balanced Mixers, and key words: Radio frequency, Circuit noise, Impedance matching, Noise figure, Noise measurement, RF signals, Mixers, Matched filters, Character generation, Analytical models. Abstract: Noise features of balanced CMOS RF direct downconversion mixer are examined and analyzed in this paper. Optimal port matching circuit architectures are proposed for RF, LO and output ports to improve the mixer's performance. Based on the analysis, both a singlebalanced and a double-balanced direct down-conversion mixers are designed using a 0.18μm CMOS process, with a 1.2V power supply. With a 2.41GHz RF signal of -30dBm driven by a 2.4GHz LO signal of -10dBm, both mixers have shown good performance in noise figure and conversion gain. The double-balanced one is in process of fabrication through MOSIS.
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3,913
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Please write an abstract with title: Directional Neighborhood Topologies Based Multi-Scale Quinary Pattern for Texture Classification, and key words: Topology, Feature extraction, Face recognition, Image recognition, Image retrieval, Biomedical imaging, Mathematical model. Abstract: This paper ideates a new computationally simple and effective local image feature descriptor, referred to as Directional Neighborhood Topologies based Multi-scale Quinary Pattern (DNT-MQP) for texture description and classification. The essence of DNT-MQP is to encode the structure of local neighborhood by analyzing the differential excitation and directional information using various directional neighborhood topologies and new pattern encoding scheme. We first designed four different versions of single scale DNT-QP features based on four directional neighborhood topologies based sampling sets which are then combined together to build the effective multiscale DNT-MQP model. Unlike some existing parametric methods that employ static thresholds to perform thresholding, the construction process of DNT-MQP includes an automatic mechanism for dynamic thresholds estimation. Thanks to a richer local description ensured by exploiting complementary information resulting from single scale DNT-QP operators' combination, DNT-MQP descriptor has high capability to elicit stable and discriminative feature representation than other local feature descriptors. In addition, DNT-QP has the advantages of computational simplicity in feature extraction and low-dimensionality in feature representation. The effectiveness of DNT-QP is evaluated on sixteen challenging texture datasets and it is found that it maintains a high level of performance stability where the achieved performances are competitive or better than several recent most promising state-of-the-art texture descriptors as well as deep learning-based feature extraction approaches. Impressively, DNT-MQP showed good tolerance to rotation as well as illumination, scale and viewpoint changes against certain descriptors which are originally conceived to deal with these challenges. Furthermore, statistical hypothesis testing through Wilcoxon signed rank test is applied to prove the statistical significance of the accuracy improvement obtained in all the datasets.
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3,914
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Please write an abstract with title: Compact Linear-Motor Type Flux Pumps With Different Wavelengths for High-Temperature Superconducting Magnets, and key words: Superconducting magnets, High-temperature superconductors, Magnetic flux, Current measurement, Wavelength measurement, Barium, Magnetic resonance imaging. Abstract: To investigate the impact of applied magnetic field wavelength on the pumped current, compact linear-motor type high temperature superconducting (HTS) flux pump devices of two difference wavelengths were designed and built. These flux pumps are small in size, which generate DC-biased AC travelling magnetic waves, and charge DC current into HTS closed-loop in contactless manner. In this work, by comparing two applied wavelengths λ = 34.2 mm and 21.0 mm, we had experimentally investigated how the wavelength affects the pumped current in an insulated YBCO double pancake coil (DPC). From the experiments, it was found that, the wavelength has a significant impact on the pumped current, i.e., by shortening the wavelength of the applied AC travelling wave from 34.2 mm to 21.0 mm, the maximum pumped current increased accordingly, while the maximum increment of 53% had been observed. Meanwhile, the pumped current had increased to 65 A in the YBCO coil, which had almost reached the resistive region of the DPC. These results are helpful in optimizing the HTS flux pump devices, which might also be helpful to further understand the mechanism of flux pumps.
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3,915
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Please write an abstract with title: Approximated sliding-mode control of parallel-connected grid inverters, and key words: Inverters, Switches, Europe, Sliding mode control, Hysteresis, Control design. Abstract: An approximated sliding-mode controller for an inverter system consisting of parallel connected voltage source converters is presented. The model-based control design considers the whole inverter system and leads to a controller carrying out the control of the grid currents and circulating currents in separate tasks. Due to using hysteresis controllers for both of them, the scheme benefits from advantages of sliding-mode implementations such as fast response to reference changes and good suppression of disturbances. Thus, even sudden changes in the configuration caused by the loss of communication to one of the converters can be mitigated almost perfectly. Furthermore, it features a variable switching frequency avoiding unnecessary switching actions. Since it leads to an interleaved operation of the converters, it offers a lower harmonic content of the grid currents than a benchmark solution with individual hysteresis controllers for each converter with comparable losses. The results are verified experimentally.
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3,916
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Please write an abstract with title: High dimensional direct rendering of time-varying volumetric data, and key words: Rendering (computer graphics), Transfer functions, Photography, Art, Animation, Data visualization, USA Councils, Mathematical model, Hypercubes, Computer graphics. Abstract: We present an alternative method for viewing time-varying volumetric data. We consider such data as a four-dimensional data field, rather than considering space and time as separate entities. If we treat the data in this manner, we can apply high dimensional slicing and projection techniques to generate an image hyperplane. The user is provided with an intuitive user interface to specify arbitrary hyperplanes in 4D, which can be displayed with standard volume rendering techniques. From the volume specification, we are able to extract arbitrary hyperslices, combine slices together into a hyperprojection volume, or apply a 4D raycasting method to generate the same results. In combination with appropriate integration operators and transfer functions, we are able to extract and present different space-time features to the user.
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3,917
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Please write an abstract with title: The Effect of CuSCN Concentration Variations in Activated Carbon Electrode on the Perovskite Solar Cells Performance, and key words: Electrodes, Performance evaluation, Costs, Photonic band gap, Photovoltaic cells, Metals, Production. Abstract: Perovskite solar cells called fourth-generation photovoltaic technology have developed rapidly because of their outstanding efficiency and low-temperature manufacturing process. One of the layers used in perovskite-based solar cells is the counter electrode. Activated carbon is one type of carbon that has the potential to replace metal as an electrode material due to its good chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, low cost, and abundance. Apart from that, CuSCN is a famous hole transport material because of its wide bandgap, good stability, and high hole mobility. Many studies have tried to combine the electrode material with hole transfer material in an effort to improve the device performance. This paper presents an investigation of the perovskite solar cell device performance with CuSCN-incorporated carbon electrodes. Concentration variations of CuSCN in carbon electrodes were carried out with values of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. Different levels of CuSCN concentration in carbon electrodes resulted in different properties and performance of the device. Adding CuSCN with a concentration of 1% in carbon electrode yielded the best device performance with an efficiency of 0.0035%, fill factor of 0.32, $\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}}$ of 0.11 mA, and $\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{c}}$ of 0.14 V. Correctly combining the carbon material with hole transport material served a better the energy level alignment and hole transport properties.
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3,918
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Please write an abstract with title: GNSS Spoofing detector for GNSS aided Inertial System, and key words: Global navigation satellite system, Inertial sensors, Detectors, Behavioral sciences, Standards, Consumer electronics, Software radio. Abstract: Nowadays, GNSS signal spoofing has become an increasingly concrete threat. Low-cost consumer electronics, software defined radios and ADS-B are some of the keys that made GNSS spoofing technology accessible. A function for detecting, or even mitigating, the occurrence of a spoofing attack on GNSS signals has therefore become mandatory for civilian equipment such as the SkyNaute. Thus, the new standard for GNSS aided inertial equipment (RTCA DO384) includes a dedicated appendix specifying how to claim and evaluate the performance of such a function. The solution patented by Safran consists of analyzing the statistical behavior of the shifts computed by the hybridization filter. Several new detectors based on shift magnitude and direction have been tested. Under normal conditions, this shift direction is random with a relatively large standard deviation. In the event of GNSS signals coherent spoofing, the shift direction becomes constant; the standard deviation tends towards zero. This is the principle of the detector implemented by Safran. This article aims to present these new detectors, their reaction under spoofing condition and the results of the first evaluation campaign. Further evaluation campaigns and development will be presented in the conclusion.
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3,919
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Please write an abstract with title: 3D Skill Trees in Mixed Reality for Creating and Visualizing Learning Plans, and key words: Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Layout, Mixed reality, Hardware, Planning. Abstract: Curricula at university and learning paths in self-regulated learning span a complex planning space that is difficult to visualize. Students need to plan their decisions ahead to take a valid order of courses that align with their learning goals. Previous approaches used 2D skill tree visualizations to map the dependencies which, however, cannot convey mixtures of long-term goals and short-term action plans well. We present an approach that realizes learning plans as 3D skill tree structures in mixed reality. With the extra dimension, clearer layouts can be found which combine views on long-term goals and specific actions. By bringing the 3D learning plans to mixed reality, depth perception can help the students to understand the 3D structure of the tree. Moreover, nodes of the tree can be anchored at places in the real world which aids the students’ spatial memory to help them remember the plan. The application is evaluated in two user studies with 17 and 53 participants, respectively. Although the amount of text and typing should be minimized, the results show that 3D learning plans are understood by students. As the hardware becomes more available, the 3D learning plans can help students to structure their studies.
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3,920
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Please write an abstract with title: Influencing Factor Analysis of Teacher Teaching on Non-main Subject Grade in Primary School, and key words: Learning systems, Ethics, Statistical analysis, Conferences, Education, Decision making, Urban areas. Abstract: With the continuous development of society and the rapid growth of data volume, the impact of big data analysis has become increasingly prominent on social decision-making, and the application of big data analysis to education decision-making has also become an important issue. This article takes the third-grade non-major course performance of a primary school in a certain city as the research object, analyzes the influence of teacher’s teaching on student performance based on machine language learning and statistical methods. The results show that gender, education background, professional title, and attitude have a significantly positive impact on students’ English, etc., non-major course performance.
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3,921
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Please write an abstract with title: Making Renewables Work: Operational Practices and Future Challenges for Renewable Energy as a Major Power Source in Japan, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Distributed power generation, Power systems, Wind energy generation, Wind power generation, Energy storage, Weather forecasting. Abstract: Japan has been experiencing a rapid deployment of photovoltaics (PVs) since the Feed-In Tariff (FIT) Scheme for Renewable Energy was launched in July 2012 . The increasing penetration levels of variable renewable generation, especially PVs and wind, have been affecting power system operations in each of Japan's 10 balancing areas. To accommodate this rapid growth in variable generation, the government established the Working Group on Grid Connection of Renewable Energy in 2014 to continually discuss and make timely decisions about these operational issues, including capacity connections, operation enhancement and asset improvement in each balancing area, and inevitable curtailment procedures for renewable generation.
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3,922
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Please write an abstract with title: Asynchronous bio-inspired tuning for the DC motor speed controller with simultaneous identification and predictive strategies, and key words: Tuning, DC motors, Heuristic algorithms, Uncertainty, Process control, Proposals, Optimization. Abstract: One of the main issues in the control system is the online tuning of its gains. The use of bio-inspired algorithms (BA) is gaining more attention in the control tuning task because they are less sensible to system uncertainties. Nevertheless, the computational time of BA must be reduced to be used in practice. In this work, an event condition is stated to reduce the computational cost of the optimization process in the online bio-inspired tuning approach. This condition activates the tuning approach only when it is required, i.e., when the regulation error tends to increase. Also, in this approach, an identification process and a predictive strategy are simultaneously optimized to find the more suitable control parameters that handle more efficient the parametric uncertainties. The proposed online Asynchronous Bio-inspired Tuning Approach with Simultaneous Identification and Prediction (ABioTASIP) is validated in the study case of the velocity regulation of a DC motor considering dynamic parametric uncertainties. The comparative analysis with an approach where the control parameters are periodically tuned indicates that the proposal decreases the tuning process without considerably increase the regulation error.
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3,923
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Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Overheat Early Detection System, and key words: Temperature sensors, Wireless communication, Temperature dependence, Wireless sensor networks, Systematics, Process control, Safety. Abstract: This paper proposes an improvement of the existing temperature detector in industrial machines and automatic overheat early detection to prevent machines from operating in overheated conditions. This approach utilizes the Internet of Things (IoT) as a platform to notify and alert the user if the machine is overheating. Other than that, the integrated relay will cut off the power supply of the machine if the overheating condition is detected. The proposed system uses DHT 11 to sense temperature, with three different maximum temperature values that can be set depending on the machine requirement. Automatic Overheat Early Detection is a safe and systematic system that can prevent the overheat of machines, thus ensuring the machine operates in optimum condition.
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3,924
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Please write an abstract with title: Development of an New ASIC based, Multi-channel Data Acquisition and Real-Time Processing System, and key words: Application specific integrated circuits, Power demand, System performance, Data acquisition, Systems architecture, Real-time systems, Readout electronics. Abstract: This work presents the development of a newly Application Specific Integrated Circuit suitable for the simultaneous readout, real-time measurement, and processing of digital data in a multi-channel data acquisition system. High-speed multi-channel digitizers are useful for large-scale high-energy physics, astrophysics, nuclear and plasma physics experiments. The developed application specific integrated circuit allows the simultaneous continuous readout and processing of 240 12-bit analogue channels, at data transfer rates of 4.0 Gbps via five 3-lane Low-Voltage Differential Signaling transmitter drivers. Additionally, unlike the various vendor-defined high-speed digitizers that are currently available in the market, the developed ceramic quad flat 160-pin package microelectronic circuitry includes the implementation of an integrated fault tolerant and recoverable Triple-Modular Redundancy voting circuitry, use of Zero-suppression compression algorithm and implementation of Cyclic-Redundancy Check technique. The integration of such features reduces development time and enables the developed integrated circuitry to be used in a radiation physics environment where single-event upset or latch-up could lead to event data corruption or even electronic failures. The implemented system architecture lowers maintenance costs, and further improves system performance by ten-fold when compared for example to other various data acquisition readout electronic systems currently present in the A Large Ion Collider experiment in CERN. Additionally, the developed XFAB 180 nm 6-layer parallel readout integrated circuit architecture can be easily interfaced with other various vendor-specific analogue-to-digital convertor modules that are currently available on the market, thus further facilitating the upgrading process of data acquisition systems.
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3,925
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Please write an abstract with title: Toward lower-diameter large-scale HPC and data center networks with co-packaged optics, and key words: Optical switches, Optics, Optical receivers, Integrated optics, Pins, Topology, Computer architecture. Abstract: We investigate the advantages of using co-packaged optics for building low-diameter, large-scale high-performance computing (HPC) and data center networks. The increased escape bandwidth offered by co-packaged optics can enable high-radix switch implementations of more than 150 switch ports, which can be combined with data rates of up to 400 Gb/s per port. From the network architecture perspective, the key benefits of using co-packaged optics in future fat-tree networks include (a) the ability to implement large-scale topologies of >11,000 end points by eliminating the need for a third switching layer and (b) the ability to provide up to 4× higher bisection bandwidth compared to existing solutions, reducing at the same time the number of required switch application-specific integrated circuits by >80%. From the network operation perspective, both reduced energy consumption and lower packet delays can be achieved since fewer hops are required; i.e., packets need to traverse fewer serializer/deserializer lanes and fewer switch buffers, which reduces the probability of contending with other packets and improves the tolerance of network congestion. The performance of the proposed architecture is evaluated via discrete-event simulations for a wide range of representative HPC synthetic-traffic cases that include both hotspot and non-hotspot scenarios. The simulation results suggest that co-packaged optics form a promising solution to keep up with bandwidth scaling in future networks, while the reduced number of switching layers can lead to significant mean packet delay improvements that start from 30% and reach up to 74% for high-load conditions.
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3,926
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Please write an abstract with title: Comments on "A Rigorous Techique for Measuring the Scattering Matrix of a Multiport Device with a Two-Port Network Analyzer", and key words: Optical scattering, Optical modulation, Electron optics, Optical saturation, Injection-locked oscillators, Bandwidth, Charge carrier processes, Light scattering, Microwave oscillators, Impedance. Abstract: The recent article by Tippet and Speciale uses the matrix formulation of the generalized scattering parameter renormalization transformation in the form.
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3,927
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Please write an abstract with title: Remedying Sound Source Separation via Azimuth Discrimination and Re-synthesis, and key words: Azimuth, Time-frequency analysis, Music, Fourier transforms, Source separation, Frequency estimation. Abstract: Commercially recorded music since the 1950s has been mixed down from many input sound sources to a two-channel reproduction of these sources. The effect of this approach is to assign sources to locations in a stereo field using a pan-position for each source. The Adress algorithm is a popular way of extracting individual music sound sources from a stereo mixture. A drawback of the Adress algorithm is that when time-frequency components in the stereo mixture are shared between two or more sources, calculating the inter-aural intensity scaling parameter for each source for that time-frequency component is challenging. We show how to obtain a good quality inverse of the pan-mixing process in the time-frequency components which are shared between different sources using a new method called Redress. We demonstrate that we can estimate how much of each source is active in time-frequency components which are shared between sources for two and three-source music mixtures. The consequence of this is that audible artefacts are not as prominent in the source estimates.
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3,928
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Please write an abstract with title: A Hybrid Nonlinear Combination System for Monthly Wind Speed Forecasting, and key words: Predictive models, Wind speed, Forecasting, Wind forecasting, Time series analysis, Analytical models. Abstract: Wind speed is one of the primary renewable sources for clean power. However, it is intermittent, presents nonlinear patterns, and has nonstationary behavior. Thus, the development of accurate approaches for its forecasting is a challenge in wind power generation engineering. Hybrid systems that combine linear statistical and Artificial Intelligence (AI) forecasters have been highlighted in the literature due to their accuracy. Those systems aim to overcome the limitations of the single linear and AI models. In the literature about wind speed, these hybrid systems combine linear and nonlinear forecasts using a simple sum. However, the most suitable function for combining linear and nonlinear forecasts is unknown and the linear relationship assumption can degenerate or underestimate the performance of the whole system. Thus, properly combining the forecasts of linear and nonlinear models is an open question and its determination is a challenge. This article proposes a hybrid system for monthly wind speed forecasting that uses a nonlinear combination of the linear and nonlinear models. A data-driven intelligent model is used to search for the most suitable combination, aiming to maximize the performance of the system. An evaluation has been carried out using the monthly data from three wind speed stations in northeast Brazil, evaluated with two traditional metrics. The assessment is performed for two scenarios: with and without exogenous variables. The results show that the proposed hybrid system attains an accuracy superior to other hybrid systems and single linear and AI models.
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3,929
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Please write an abstract with title: PZXG: A Genealogy Data Service Platform for Kinship Management and Application, and key words: Data models, Biographies, Data acquisition, Optical character recognition software, Data mining, Typesetting, Computer architecture. Abstract: Genealogy is one of the three kinds of historical literatures which are valuable to historical research and humanities research. However, traditionally, it is hard to build and revise a genealogy. And it is even impossible to manage and query the genealogy efficiently. In this paper, we proposed PZXG, which is a genealogy data service platform, to solve these issues. Firstly, for structured and unstructured genealogy data, we employ relational database, graph database and distributed file system to store them respectively. Secondly, depending on the hybrid data model of genealogy data, various management features like data acquisition, kin seeking, genealogy exhibition and automatic typesetting are provided. Then in order to extract knowledge from genealogy data, the features of routine statistics and query, root tracing, correlation analysis and data visualization in genealogical data are discussed, and several methods and ideas of text mining for genealogical text are given. Finally, two more urgent research points in the genealogical data management platform are suggested: extracting structural information from unstructured genealogy data and construction of genealogy-specific text language model.
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3,930
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Please write an abstract with title: Fault Diagnostic in the Transformer Winding by Sweep Frequency Response Analysis, and key words: Sweep frequency response analysis, winding model, inter-disk, statistical parameters.. Abstract: High voltage transformer, an expensive element of transmission and distribution networks, works under different mechanical, electrical and environmental conditions. As its performance in the network directly affects the reliability of the network, temporary/permanent outage results in interruption of power to the customers along with a loss of revenue. In order to avoid the said problem, this paper presents Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) based technique that detects turn to turn shorts in the winding of the high voltage transformer. Unlike graphical analysis based conventional technique which needs expertise and experience of different people for fault diagnostic, the proposed technique is capable to detect and locate fault using statistical parameters that do not require expert advice. The simulation results as well as results obtained from the laboratory prototype of the transformer clearly indicate the effectiveness of the suggested technique in detecting and locating series and parallel faults in the winding of the high voltage transformer.
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3,931
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Construction of University Informatization Teaching Mode Based on Big Data, and key words: Technological innovation, Cloud computing, Education, Big Data, Market research, Data models. Abstract: The development of big data has added new vitality to the teaching work of colleges and universities. This article mainly discusses the basic concepts and characteristics of big data. Simultaneously, this article also analyzes the main problems in the construction of college informatization teaching mode under the background of big data. Then, this article studies the main modules and construction methods of college informatization teaching mode. By checking the role of big data technology in college informatization teaching, this article aims to promote the practical construction of college informatization teaching mode. Simultaneously, this article provides some valuable help for college teachers.
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3,932
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Please write an abstract with title: An Improved 2-Opt and ACO Hybrid Algorithm for TSP, and key words: Traveling Salesman Problem, Ant Colony Optimization, 2-optimization. Abstract: In this paper, an improved 2-optimization(2-opt) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Hybrid Algorithm is proposed to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The improved scheme of ACO is to define the indirect expectation heuristic and introduce it into the calculation method of transition probability, which will reduce the effect of pheromone on ant selecting path and increase the path's diversity of ACO. In this way, the deficiency of ACO in convergence to local optimal solution will be made up. Considering of the stronger local search ability, 2-opt algorithm is used to optimize existing solutions, and the better solution is obtained. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by the classical TSP problem.
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3,933
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Please write an abstract with title: L2M-GAN: Learning to Manipulate Latent Space Semantics for Facial Attribute Editing, and key words: Computer vision, Codes, Semantics, Transformers, Pattern recognition, Facial features, Faces. Abstract: A deep facial attribute editing model strives to meet two requirements: (1) attribute correctness – the target attribute should correctly appear on the edited face image; (2) irrelevance preservation – any irrelevant information (e.g., identity) should not be changed after editing. Meeting both requirements challenges the state-of-the-art works which resort to either spatial attention or latent space factorization. Specifically, the former assume that each attribute has well-defined local support regions; they are often more effective for editing a local attribute than a global one. The latter factorize the latent space of a fixed pretrained GAN into different attribute-relevant parts, but they cannot be trained end-to-end with the GAN, leading to sub-optimal solutions. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel latent space factorization model, called L2M-GAN, which is learned end-to-end and effective for editing both local and global attributes. The key novel components are: (1) A latent space vector of the GAN is factorized into an attribute-relevant and irrelevant codes with an orthogonality constraint imposed to ensure disentanglement. (2) An attribute-relevant code transformer is learned to manipulate the attribute value; crucially, the transformed code are subject to the same orthogonality constraint. By forcing both the original attribute-relevant latent code and the edited code to be disentangled from any attribute-irrelevant code, our model strikes the perfect balance between attribute correctness and irrelevance preservation. Extensive experiments on CelebA-HQ show that our L2M-GAN achieves significant improvements over the state-of-the-arts.
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3,934
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Please write an abstract with title: N-best speech hypothesis reordering based on comprehensive information theory, and key words: Information theory, Speech recognition, Error analysis, Man machine systems, Speech processing, Natural language processing, Natural languages, Information resources, Intelligent systems, Humans. Abstract: This paper proposes a hypothesis reordering technique, based on a newly established theory, namely comprehensive information theory, to improve the accuracy of speech recognition in a man-machine dialog system. For each hypothesis, we calculate the amount of comprehensive information that hypothesis provided and then reorder N-best hypothesis according to the amount of comprehensive information. Results of experiments have shown its effectiveness.
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3,935
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Please write an abstract with title: Visual Modeling of the Landslide Slopes Stress-Strain State for the Computer-Aided Design of Retaining Wall Structures, and key words: Visualization, Solid modeling, Software packages, Computational modeling, Geology, Terrain factors, Stability analysis. Abstract: The report authors have developed a LANDSLIP software package for visual modeling and landslide slopes stress-strain state calculation in JAVA programming language. It has various modifications (flat and spatial versions, various calculation models etc.). The user interacts with the LANDSLIP by means of visual modeling on the Graphics User Interface. The user does not interact with all other LANDSLIP objects, they are completely controlled by the Graphics User Interface. It creates all other objects, modifies, uses, and, if necessary, removes them. The interaction between the user and the Graphics User Interface is performed via the menu system. Using the graphical editor menu, the user can create objects to describe the landslide structure and manipulate the additional sliding surfaces, groundwater lines set and program functions responsible for mathematical calculations and design documentation preparation. The LANDSLIP software package is equipped with interfaces that facilitate collecting data from the MicroStation environment, digital map, and geological database. The geological cross-sections are automatically created, and geotechnical soil parameters are evaluated. The software enables the stability analysis of any slopes or scarps using various calculation methods. It ensures wide opportunities to predict, evaluate and combat natural threats. The LANDSLIP software package results reliability was verified by comparative calculations via similar Canadian SLOPE/W software package at the design office of the “Turów” brown coal mine in Poland. The results differences are within the acceptable limits and depend on the peculiarities of initial-boundary conditions input in various graphic editors, various calculation models, etc.
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3,936
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Please write an abstract with title: Formulation of a Hamiltonian Cauchy Problem for Solving Optimal Feedback Control Problems, and key words: Feedback control, Optimal control, Boundary conditions, Cost function, Partial differential equations, Boundary value problems, Dynamic programming, Differential equations, Logic programming, Employment. Abstract: We propose a novel approach for solving the optimal feedback control problem. Following our previous research, we formulate the problem as a Hamiltonian system by using the necessary conditions for optimality, and treat the resultant phase flow as a canonical transformation. Then starting from the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for generating functions we derive a set of 1st order quasilinear partial differential equations with the appropriate initial or terminal conditions, which forms the well-known Cauchy problem. These equations can also be derived by applying the invariant imbedding technique to the two point boundary value problem. The solution to this Cauchy problem is utilized for solving the Hamiltonian two point boundary value problem as well as the optimal feedback control problem with hard and soft constraint boundary conditions. As suggested by the illustrative examples given, this method is promising for solving problems with control constraints, non-smooth control logic, and non-analytic cost function.
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3,937
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Please write an abstract with title: on equivalence of channel estimation with transform and without transform for multicarrier signals, and key words: Channel estimation, Frequency estimation, Discrete transforms, Adaptive control, Discrete Fourier transforms, Adaptive signal detection, Programmable control, Modulation coding, Channel coding, Delay estimation. Abstract: Accurate channel estimation is necessary for coherent detection and adaptive control techniques, e.g., adaptive modulation and channel coding, of multicarrier signals. In this paper, we study frequency-(or time)-domain channel estimation with transform and without transform, using frequency (or time)-multiplexed pilot. It is shown that the frequency (or time)-domain channel estimation is equivalent to windowing of the delay time-domain impulse response (or Doppler frequency-domain spectrum) obtained by discrete transform as discrete Fourier transform (DFT)
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3,938
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Please write an abstract with title: Socially-Compatible Behavior Design of Autonomous Vehicles With Verification on Real Human Data, and key words: Automobiles, Planning, Trajectory, Uncertainty, Vehicles, Social factors, Autonomous vehicles. Abstract: As more and more autonomous vehicles (AVs) are being deployed on public roads, designing socially compatible behaviors for them is becoming increasingly important. In order to generate safe and efficient actions, AVs need to not only predict the future behaviors of other traffic participants, but also be aware of the uncertainties associated with such behavior prediction. In this letter, we propose an uncertain-aware integrated prediction and planning (UAPP) framework. It allows the AVs to infer the characteristics of other road users online and generate behaviors optimizing not only their own rewards, but also their courtesy to others, and their confidence regarding the prediction uncertainties. We first propose the definitions for courtesy and confidence. Based on that, their influences on the behaviors of AVs in interactive driving scenarios are explored. Moreover, we evaluate the proposed algorithm on naturalistic human driving data by comparing the generated behavior against ground truth. Results show that the online inference can significantly improve the human-likeness of the generated behaviors. Furthermore, we find that human drivers show great courtesy to others, even for those without right-of-way. We also find that such driving preferences vary significantly in different cultures.
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3,939
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Please write an abstract with title: MC-CDMA/VSF for the downlink physical layer in next generation wireless local area networks, and key words: Multicarrier code division multiple access, Downlink, Physical layer, Next generation networking, Wireless LAN, Multiaccess communication, Bit error rate, Performance analysis, Frequency, Fading. Abstract: In this paper, a new physical layer for the downlink in future generation wireless local area networks (WLANs), operating in the ISM band, and based on multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) is proposed. Taking advantage of the CDMA properties, this physical layer aims to provide service simultaneously to several users with different data rate needs. Orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes are employed in order to support the simultaneous coexistence of different data rate users. In addition, the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system is analyzed for different combination techniques when single-user detection is employed in a frequency selective slow fading Rician channel. According to the results presented in this paper, this proposal is a promising option for WLANs.
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3,940
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Please write an abstract with title: Visually Analyzing Contextualized Embeddings, and key words: Visualization, Analytical models, Linguistics, Natural language processing, Probes, Task analysis, Context modeling. Abstract: In this paper we introduce a method for visually analyzing contextualized embeddings produced by deep neural network-based language models. Our approach is inspired by linguistic probes for natural language processing, where tasks are designed to probe language models for linguistic structure, such as parts-of-speech and named entities. These approaches are largely confirmatory, however, only enabling a user to test for information known a priori. In this work, we eschew supervised probing tasks, and advocate for unsupervised probes, coupled with visual exploration techniques, to assess what is learned by language models. Specifically, we cluster contextualized embeddings produced from a large text corpus, and introduce a visualization design based on this clustering and textual structure - cluster co-occurrences, cluster spans, and cluster-word membership- to help elicit the functionality of, and relationship between, individual clusters. User feedback highlights the benefits of our design in discovering different types of linguistic structures.
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3,941
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Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of CMOS photodetectors in optoelectronic circuits, and key words: Photodetectors, Circuits, CMOS process, Optical device fabrication, Detectors, Medical simulation, Biomedical optical imaging, Geometrical optics, Information processing, Optical materials. Abstract: We present in this paper several different photodetector structures implemented with a conventional CMOS fabrication process that can be incorporated into optical data links and information processing systems. We investigate several detector structures using the 2-D materials simulation package MEDICI. The detector structure is evaluated by fabrication using an AMI 1.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process available through the MOSIS foundry service. When geometric and other structural differences are accounted for, the results indicate that the simulation adequately predicts photodetector operation under normal operating conditions.
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3,942
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Please write an abstract with title: A natural boundary of dark matter haloes revealed around the minimum bias and maximum infall locations, and key words: galaxies: haloes, dark matter, large-scale structure of Universe. Abstract: We explore the boundary of dark matter haloes through their bias and velocity profiles. Using cosmological N-body simulations, we show that the bias profile exhibits a ubiquitous trough that can be interpreted as created by halo accretion that depletes material around the boundary. The inner edge of the active depletion region is marked by the location of the maximum mass inflow rate that separates a growing halo from the draining environment. This inner depletion radius can also be interpreted as the radius enclosing a highly complete population of splashback orbits, and matches the optimal exclusion radius in a halo model of the large-scale structure. The minimum of the bias trough defines a characteristic depletion radius, which is located within the infall region bounded by the inner depletion radius and the turnaround radius, while approaching the turnaround radius in low-mass haloes that have stopped mass accretion. The characteristic depletion radius depends the most on halo mass and environment. It is approximately 2.5 times the virial radius and encloses an average density of ∼40 times the background density of the universe, independent on halo mass but dependent on other halo properties. The inner depletion radius is smaller by 10–20 per cent and encloses an average density of ∼63 times the background density. These radii open a new window for studying the properties of haloes.
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3,943
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-UAV Placement Strategy for Disaster-Resilient Communication Network, and key words: Energy consumption, Vehicular and wireless technologies, Conferences, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Communication networks, Time factors, Optimization. Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have the potential of being used as flying base stations to facilitate a disaster-resilient communication network. However, the optimal placement of UAVs over a disaster-affected area must be aware of the mobility of the ground users. Hence, in this paper, we propose a ground user mobility aware multi-UAV placement strategy for disaster-resilient communication network. We formulate an optimization problem to maximize the number of ground users covered by the UAVs, while also taking into account the UAV flight time constraint. Specifically, in this work, the emergency first responders (EFRs) are considered as the ground users and their mobility is modeled in the disaster-affected area. We analyze single-UAV and multi-UAV scenarios in terms of average covered users and average coverage time. We observe that there exists a trade-off between the average number of covered users and average coverage time.
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3,944
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Please write an abstract with title: Security Analysis of Quantum Noise Stream Cipher under Fast Correlation Attack, and key words: Ciphers, Analytical models, Correlation, Optical fiber communication, Security, Testing. Abstract: We conduct an experiment of security analysis on 300km QAM/QNSC transmission under fast correlation attack. Noise masking model and hypothesis testing theory are adopted. Experiment results provide several solutions to achieve secure transmission in QAM/QNSC.
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3,945
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Please write an abstract with title: An adaptive real-time intravehicle network protocol for intelligent vehicle systems, and key words: Adaptive systems, Real time systems, Protocols, Intelligent vehicles, Surges, Electromagnetic transients, Quality of service, Communication system control, Electromagnetic interference, Multidimensional systems. Abstract: Intelligent vehicle systems are inherently real-time systems that must perform continuous operations, often in harsh and unpredictable environments. The real-time network infrastructure is a key technology enabler for these systems. This effort presents an adaptive real-time network protocol (ARTNP) that provides multidimensional quality-of-service support for time-sensitive data under nominal conditions and during transient surges. Transient surges (e.g., the retransmission of corrupt or lost data and the unspecified arrival of sporadic messages) are problematic in that they can temporarily overload the network, causing message transmissions to be late. ARTNP is a fully distributed protocol that specifically addresses the issue of transient surges in network loading. Under nominal conditions, ARTNP can guarantee the time constraints of any messages at optimally high levels of network utilization. During a transient surge, ARTNP will detect the surge and alter the ordering of message transmissions to sustain the timely transmission of critical messages. The CAN protocol is selected as the underlying network, because of its wide spread use in vehicular systems. Simulations compare the performance of ARTNP against an optimal nonadaptive approach.
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3,946
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Please write an abstract with title: The Design and Implementation of Arrow Game Projection Interactive System Based on Deep Learning, and key words: Deep learning, Target recognition, Interactive systems, Games, Object detection, User experience, Robustness. Abstract: With the rapid development of projection technology, the implementation and study of projection interactive system with different scenarios has made great progress. Humans are no longer just satisfied with the traditional way of interacting with computers through peripheral devices, but are eager to obtain a more natural and friendly mode of interaction. Thus, an arrow game projection interactive system based on deep learning is designed and implemented in this paper. Firstly, an arrow game scene including varieties of vivid interfaces is developed by Unity3D in order to improve user experience. Secondly, a method of mapping the position of arrow in the captured image to the corresponding position of game scene is achieved. Thirdly, object recognition is realized by using the target detection algorithm based on YOLOv3. Finally, the experiment results demonstrate that the novel pattern of interactive system has good real-time performance and high robustness.
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3,947
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Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Imbalanced Data Classification Algorithm Based on SVM, and key words: Support vector machines, Performance evaluation, Analytical models, Social groups, Whale optimization algorithms, Classification algorithms, Social intelligence. Abstract: When we deal with most real-world classification problems, the collected datasets are mostly imbalanced. Dataset imbalance means that the number of samples of a certain class greatly exceeds the number of samples of other classes in the dataset, but often a minority class is the main object of our research. When classifying imbalanced datasets, it is easy to misclassify the minority class samples with higher misclassification costs. Therefore, the classification of imbalanced datasets is one of the main difficulties in the field of data mining. In this paper, we propose a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm based on improved whale optimization algorithm, called SWOA-SVM. This algorithm introduces the social group optimization algorithm (SGO) to optimize the problem that the WOA algorithm is prone to premature maturity, and improves the optimization process of the WOA. The performance of SWOA-SVM has been evaluated with SVM and other improved algorithms on multiple commonly used imbalanced datasets, using AUC, Accuracy and G-mean as performance evaluation criteria. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the recognition rate of positive samples when dealing with different experimental datasets, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm.
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3,948
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Please write an abstract with title: Second-harmonic generation of Lamb waves in a solid layer on a half space, and key words: Solids, Electronic mail, Frequency, Dispersion, Boundary conditions, Logistics, Automation, Waveguide theory, Ultrasonic variables measurement, Resonance. Abstract: This is work develops an effective approach for studying second-harmonic generation of Lamb waves in the composite structure consisting of a solid layer on a half space. Using a second-order perturbation approximation and a modal expansion analysis approach for waveguide excitation, an effective theoretical model has been established. The fields of second harmonics of Lamb waves can be regarded as superpositions of a finite series of normal double frequency Lamb waves (DFLW). Despite the strongly dispersive nature of Lamb waves, it is found that a DFLW can grow with propagation distance down the composite structure when the DFLW phase velocity equals that of the primary Lamb wave.
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3,949
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Please write an abstract with title: Investigate for Very-Low-Voltage Test Implemented In Probe, and key words: Logic gates, Resistance, Testing, Integrated circuits, MOSFET, Threshold voltage. Abstract: Integrated circuit (IC) manufacturers perform production tests to detect defective part to guarantee the quality level of the product. Weak ICs contain flaws, defects that do not cause functional failures at some or all normal operating conditions but degrade the ICs performance, reduce noise margins, or draw excessive supply current. The current normal Low voltage test is not able to defect weak ICs or eliminate the early-life failures. The auto and military customers have very high quality requirement. Very-Low-voltage test can detect the defects (flaws) that cause early-life failures or intermittent failures. And the cost of Very-Low-Voltage test is very low. Very-Low-Voltage testing is a method where a test is performed at a supply voltage that is much lower than its nominal operating voltage. It can detect resistive shorts and delay flaws that are caused by degraded signals or diminished-drive gates. It can be implemented in die level, and no special equipment requirement of replacing the defect, which do not bring the additional cost. In this paper, the study aimed mainly at Very-Low-Voltage implemented in DC Scan test at probe level, and the core voltage value of DC scan test for different domains setup is discussed. JMP software is data analysis tool used in the study, including data comparison among DOM1, DOM2, DOM3 and ARM core. Optimized the core voltage, determining the best parameters to be used, and implemented it in probe program. Collected the real probe Very-Low-Voltage rejects and do Electric and Physical Failure Analysis(FA). For the failure unit, diagnostic, shmoo analysis between Level (VDD_SOC_CAP) and Period, Laser Assisted Device Alteration(LADA), and Soft Defect Localization(SDL) were performed on failure unit, and the anomaly was found. After the unit was thinned, Electron-Optical Probing(EOP) and cross section were performed on the anomaly location. The high resistive conduct among metal is found in FA. With the optimized data, the good probe test performance was get, and improved ICs quality. The Very-Low-Voltage test can screen out the normal low voltage rejects. The traditional normal low voltage DC Scan tests were replaced by Very-Low-Voltage DC Scan tests, which also reduce the probe test time. It is concluded that the Very-Low-Voltage test is good test method in probe to guarantee the die quality, improve the defect coverage, screen out the weak ICs, and reduce the test cost.
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3,950
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Please write an abstract with title: Cable network fault detection using cable modem status signals, and key words: Fault detection, Modems, Cable TV, Hybrid fiber coaxial cables, Coaxial cables, Digital TV, TV broadcasting, IP networks, Optical fiber cables, Coaxial components. Abstract: Cable television networks provide analog and digital television broadcasts as well as Internet connectivity to subscribers. Exposure to the elements and gradual wear reduce the performance of the analog portion of the hybrid fiber and coaxial network. Network monitoring capabilities are minimal and network failures require the rapid deployment of a cable technician. Our research shows that status information returned from cable modems can be used to give a measure of network health and provide a means for fault detection. Techniques detecting behavior deviations of individual modems have been developed and evaluated. The topology of the network then provides constraints which are used to determine the part of the network where the fault has occurred that manifests itself as a behavior deviation of particular cable modem(s).
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3,951
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Please write an abstract with title: The Distribution of The Magnetic Field in The Rotors of Synchronous Machines of Various Designs at Large Slides, and key words: Magnetic flux, Thermal resistance, Windings, Rotors, Synchronous motors, Solids, Magnetic fields. Abstract: The paper deals with the analysis of the results of the research of the electromagnetic field in the active zone of solid toothed rotors for various design options of powerful synchronous turbo-motors used as a drive at compressor stations of gas mains. The main regularities of the distribution of magnetic flux in the elements of machines in the short-term non-stationary asynchronous modes are revealed. Designs that completely shield the field winding from 50 Hz frequency fields for direct motor start are determined. The paper is based on the methodology of a calculation experiment and numerical mathematical modeling.
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3,952
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Please write an abstract with title: A Compact Mid-Wave Infrared Imager System With Real-Time Target Detection and Tracking, and key words: Target tracking, Object detection, Real-time systems, Optical filters, Infrared imaging, Radar tracking, Optical imaging. Abstract: The mid-wave infrared imager has stronger transmission ability than the visible near-infrared imager, which can effectively overcome the limitation of the low-visibility climate on the image acquisition timeliness. Moreover, it is more conducive to the detection of long-distance small target. However, few infrared imager systems track the long-distance aerial target while detecting it in real-time. Meanwhile, conventional optical structures for long-distance imaging are cumbersome and bulky. Thus, the significant challenge to solve this problem is how to design a lightweight infrared imaging system for the detection of long-distance infrared small targets over complex scenes. In this article, the basic principle and design features of a compact mid-wave infrared imager system are detailed. The optical system has an ingenious design, compact structure, low power consumption, lightweight, and low installation cost. Simultaneously, an improved features from the accelerated segment test (IFAST) target detection algorithm is proposed, which is verified by comparative experiment, showing good robustness, and stability for infrared small target detection. Combining IFAST with two-dimensional turntable can realize the requirement of real-time object tracking and two filed imaging experiments were carried out. The results demonstrate the robustness and stability of the imager system in detecting and tracking infrared small targets, which can provide a reference for the design of compact mid-wave infrared instruments for similar applications.
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3,953
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Please write an abstract with title: What we should teach, but don't: proposal for cross pollinated HCI-SE curriculum, and key words: Proposals, Usability, User interfaces, Computer science, Software engineering, Software systems, Collaboration, Human computer interaction, Computer science education, Computer architecture. Abstract: Software engineering (SE) and usability engineering (UE), as disciplines, have reached substantial levels of maturity. Each of these two disciplines is now well represented with respect to most computer science (CS) curricula. However, the two disciplines are practiced almost independently - missing opportunities to collaborate, coordinate and communicate about the overall design - and thereby contributing to system failures. Today, a confluence of several ingredients contribute to these failures: the increasing importance of the user interface (UI) component in the overall system, the independent maturation of the human computer interaction area, and the lack of a cohesive process model to integrate the UI experts usability engineering (UE) development efforts with that of software engineering (SE). This in turn, we believe, is a result of a void in computing curricula: a lack of education and training regarding the importance of communication, collaboration and coordination between the SE and UE processes. In this paper we describe the current approach to teaching SE and UE and its shortcomings. We identify and analyze the barriers and issues involved in developing systems having substantial interactive components. We then propose four major themes of learning for a comprehensive computing curriculum integrating SE, UE, and system architectures in a project environment.
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3,954
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Please write an abstract with title: Usability Evaluation of Lexicographic e-Services, and key words: Usability, User experience, Search engines, Task analysis, Google, Dictionaries, Databases. Abstract: Although the field of usability evaluation is a well-established discipline, there are no studies on how the usability of lexicographic e-services can be evaluated. This includes, for examples efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfaction when looking up for synonyms, meanings, or translations using online lexicons. In this paper, we propose to combine two types of usability evaluations to assess the usability of such services: a subjective user-experience evaluation and a more objective controlled experiment - demonstrating how both methods complement each other. We applied our proposed approach to evaluate two important online lexicographic e-services: a lexicographic search engine developed at Birzeit University (https://ontology.birzeit.edu) as well as Google Translate. The user-experience evaluation was conducted through a survey that involved 622 users, and was designed to measure effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction and learnability. The controlled experiment involved a set of defined tasks, which were carried out by four teams (12 people) in two laboratories, and their performance was monitored. The tasks were designed to measure effectiveness and efficiency.
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3,955
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Please write an abstract with title: Instrumentation amplifier IC designed for oxygen sensor interface requirements, and key words: Instruments, Measurement standards, Voltage, Bipolar integrated circuits, Bandwidth, Gas detectors, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Gain measurement, Particle measurements, Integrated circuit measurements. Abstract: Describes an instrumentation amplifier, using standard bipolar processing, with an input common mode voltage range extending below the single supply ground to -1 V. The integrated circuit has the bandwidth and gain necessary to meet the particular requirements of amplifying the output of a zirconia dioxide sensor to continuously measure the relative amount of oxygen in the automotive exhaust. Gain is trimmed to /spl plusmn/1/4 percent accuracy using fusible aluminum links.
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3,956
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Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Deep Learning Models On Hate Speech Detection, and key words: Deep learning, Recurrent neural networks, Social networking (online), Computational modeling, Speech recognition, Manuals, Logic gates. Abstract: Internet one of the mediums of connectivity that is available at the doorstep, with access to the internet one gets access to many web-based platforms. An increase in the use of these platforms gives us some benefits as well as some drawbacks. One of such drawbacks is hate speech. Hate speech is a topic of concern for social media platforms. With dynamically increasing datasets manual intervention of posts is quite impossible or will be time-consuming. Hate speech detection is an automated task to detect hate speech from the input. In this paper, we have compared some deep learning models like Convolution Neural Network (CNN), Recurrence Neural Network (RNN), Long Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Long-Short Term Memory. The datasets used here are publicly available. The result of our analysis shows us that GRU performed better than other basic deep learning models. The model achieved an accuracy of 92.60% with an F1 score of 81.84% for dataset (D1) and the respective values for dataset (D2) are 96.15% and 83.06%.
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3,957
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Please write an abstract with title: Fast Welding Defect Inspection on Digital Radiography Images Using Saliency Detection, and key words: Radiography, Welding, Metals, Transforms, Inspection, Real-time systems, Inference algorithms. Abstract: Digital radiography (DR) is one of the most reliable technique for welding inspections. This industrial application of DR is mostly used for evaluation of the quality of metal welding lines and joints. Due to the effects of low resolution and contrast, high noise and uneven background brightness, the inspection and understanding of DR images are always a challenging task. Therefore, in this this work, we proposed a novel framework using saliency detection method for fast locating welding defects in the Digital frames automatically. Comparative experiments suggest that our method yields quality inference on defect detection in the welding area with the overall accuracy of 93.3% at the speed of 3 fps which makes real-time inspection possible.
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3,958
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Please write an abstract with title: R/W properties and thermal stability of synthetic ferrimagnetic media, and key words: Thermal stability, Ferrimagnetic materials, Magnetic anisotropy, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Magnetic recording, Magnetization, Thermal factors, Magnetic heads, Signal to noise ratio, Couplings. Abstract: The thermal stability and read-write properties of synthetic ferrimagnetic media (SFM) are compared with conventional media (CM) of the same stability factor KuV/kT and Mr/spl delta/ (remanent magnetization and thickness product). SFM are found to be more stable than the equivalent CM, suggesting that the thermal stability advantage does not arise simply from an "increased effective volume." The overwrite properties (OW) and nonlinear transition shift (NLTS) are better for CM. However, for media with the same signal decay rate, the OW is similar over a wide head field range and the NLTS match at larger fields.
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3,959
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Please write an abstract with title: Eliminating Energy Waste in IoT System with Enhanced Functionality, and key words: Temperature sensors, Home appliances, Protocols, Automation, Home automation, Mood, Switches. Abstract: Electricity is one of the most important aspects of human survival on the planet. Due to advancements in communication technology, the Home Automation System is gaining popularity. The smart sensors can sense physical parameters and can help in creating a better environment to live in. With advancement in technology and interlinking of the devices with android app, security of data has become the most important parameter that has to be considered while designing such smart systems emphasis has to be given to design them as energy efficient system. The proposed system is an IoT based energy efficient automation system with security features for home and industrial automation. The appliances in this system can be controlled from anywhere, i.e., in the local network without the internet as well as over the internet. To make the system more flexible different features like mood switching, dimming, timer controlled, alexa assistant etc. was implemented. The proposed system will be long range communication system using LoRa protocol with a smaller number of hardware components required for the automation system. It will be a modernize solution and no expert worker will be needed, thus it will reduce the overall cost of the automation system.
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3,960
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimising Decision Making on Communication Systems: The Federated Learning Approach, and key words: 5G mobile communication, Conferences, Decision making, Collaborative work, Reliability engineering, Nonhomogeneous media, Data models. Abstract: We provide a survey of different categories of communication systems to which conventional decision-making schemes which are aware of the goals and constraints of each system are enhanced Federated Learning algorithms. Formulating new Federated Learning-oriented strategies key design aspects and open research issues (e.g. resource optimization, reliability) are presented from an empirical research view. Controlled experiments at the level of simulation or real-life data sets indicate that FL-based communication schemes become context- and mobility- aware with the mission of optimizing the decisions of each design. Also, empirical research results present a goodness of fit of FL schemes into hybrid, multilayer communication systems as they are emerging in mobile-cloud networks, 5G, and IOT.
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3,961
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Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Template Canonical Correlation Analysis Method for Enhancing SSVEP Recognition under data-limited Condition, and key words: Training, Visualization, Correlation, Training data, Neural engineering, Benchmark testing, Brain-computer interfaces. Abstract: In this study, an advanced CCA-based algorithm called hybrid template canonical correlation analysis (HTCCA) was proposed to improve the performance of brain-computer interface (BCI) based on steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) under data-limited condition. The HTCCA method combines the training data from several subjects to construct SSVEP templates. The experimental results evaluated on two public benchmark datasets showed that the proposed method outperforms the compared methods in both detection accuracy and information transfer rate when the number of trials is small. Considering that user-friendly experience will become a key factor for BCI in practical application, it is very necessary to develop effective methods based on limited EEG samples. This study demonstrates that the proposed method has great potential in the application of SSVEP-based brain-computer interfaces.
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3,962
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Please write an abstract with title: AUVs for Control of Marine Alien Invasive Species, and key words: Training, Image segmentation, Oceans, Neural networks, Semantics, Algae, Object detection. Abstract: Marine Alien Invasive Species represent a main global threat tothe conservation of ecosystems, being a major driver of biodiversity loss as well as causing important socioeconomic damages. INVHALI is an interdisciplinary national project with the aim of identifying the invasive algae Halimeda incrassata as well as other native species that coexist in the same environment using robots and artificial intelligence on images. This work presents preliminary results on: a) Halimeda incrassata detection and coverage estimation using deep learning neural networks, and b) mosaicking the areas surveyed with the robots. The mean error is estimated on −0.33% when using an object detection neural network and 2.46% when using a semantic segmentation neural network, demonstrating the validity of the used techniques and methodology.
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3,963
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Please write an abstract with title: Design principles of holographic memory devices, and key words: Holography, Image storage, Holographic optical components, Optical films, Optical sensors, Material storage, Optical devices, Ferroelectric materials, Laser beams, Energy storage. Abstract: Two methods of information storage in a holographic memory device are discussed: consecutive storage of individual binary numbers on the same hologram, and parallel storage of masses of binary numbers on individual holograms. Optical setups of respective memory devices are described. Experimental results of the investigation of these setups are presented.
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3,964
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Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of Response Time for Linked Data applications using CoAP and HTTP, and key words: Temperature sensors, Wireless sensor networks, Home appliances, Protocols, Image recognition, Linked data, Sensors. Abstract: In internet of things we deal with real life objects so we use Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) instead of the conventional HTTP (in web). Current Research in the WOT (Web of Things) generally takes things in broader sense of physical objects into consideration. Usually these considered things can be (but not necessarily) tagged objects (RFID, Barcodes, Image Recognition, NFC, QR codes) to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), vehicles and consuming electronics. This project aims to compare response time of the sensors (sensing temperature of CPU) if the request is to be launched from different type of resources from desktop, android or raspberry pi.
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3,965
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Please write an abstract with title: CAN Based Network for Modular Battery Bank with Security Features, and key words: Batteries, Lithium, Protocols, State of charge, Security, Microcontrollers. Abstract: Energy storage in electric vehicles and homes can be obtained by the use of batteries, being Lithium based cells common nowadays. These batteries need a close control for evaluating namely its state-of-charge, to use as efficiently as possible the stored energy, ensuring an operational safe use of the battery bank. This article presents a modular battery bank, composed of modules of four lithium cells each, focusing on the communication network that is based on CAN, which controls its charge and discharge and produces alarms for diverse conditions. As this network is connected to the global vehicle or home network, some security measures are discussed, as internal or external attacks can happen that can hinder or even interrupt the energy supply, which can constitute a severe major hazard.
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3,966
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Please write an abstract with title: A 2.45 GHz wide tuning range VCO using MOS varactor in 0.35 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS technology, and key words: Voltage-controlled oscillators, Varactors, Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, BiCMOS integrated circuits, Circuit optimization, Voltage, Dual band, Transceivers, Wireless LAN. Abstract: A full monolithic low-phase-noise wide-tuning-range voltage-control-oscillator (VCO) designed for a dual-band homodyne transceiver for WLAN applications is presented in this paper. The circuit is designed and implemented in a commercial 0.35 SiGe BiCMOS process. MOS varactor is used to realize a wide tuning range. Measured VCO circuit specifications feature a 440 MHz tuning range around 2.45 GHz, phase noise of -110 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and -106 dBc/Hz at 600 KHz, out power of 7.68 dBm and power dissipation of 6.8 mA with 3 V supplies.
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3,967
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Please write an abstract with title: Pattern spaces from graph polynomials, and key words: Polynomials, Image analysis. Abstract: Although graph structures have proved useful in high level vision for object recognition and matching, they can prove computationally cumbersome because of the need to establish reliable correspondences between nodes. Hence, standard pattern recognition techniques cannot be easily applied to graphs since feature vectors are not easily constructed. To overcome this problem, we turn to the spectral matrix. We show how the elements of this matrix can be used to construct symmetric polynomials that are permutation invariant. The coefficients of these polynomials can be used as graph-features which can be encoded in a vectorial manner. Hence, the symmetric polynomials lead to a representation which is invariant under node permutations and so represents the graph structure without the need for labelling or correspondence operations. We demonstrate that these features are complete and continuous for 'simple' graphs (those without repeated eigenvalues in their spectrum). The notions of stability and discrimination are discussed, and we present experimental evaluation of these properties. Finally, we show that these graph characterizations can be used to cluster graphs from real datasets.
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3,968
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Please write an abstract with title: Gate-damage safe failure-mode deep analysis under short-circuit operation of 1.2kV and 1.7kV power SiC MOSFET using dedicated gate-source / drain-source voltage depolarization and damage-mode optical imaging, and key words: MOSFET, Power system measurements, Silicon carbide, Photonic band gap, Density measurement, Europe, Voltage. Abstract: Robustness of 1.2kV and 1.7kV Silicon Carbide MOSFETs submitted to short-circuit operations mode is studied. Experimental results confirm two main failure modes: a safe fail-to-open mode and an unsafe fail-to-short mode. A technique based on direct depolarization of gate source voltage is used to increase the short-circuit withstand capability and to partially obtain a fail-to-open mode. Electro-thermo-metallurgical simulations are investigated to deeply explain the fail-to-open mechanisms. Finally, using lock-in-thermography and scanning-electronic-microscopy imaging, a new and spectacular lift-off effect of gate-finger is highlighted to clearly confirm the fail-to-open mode capability such devices.
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3,969
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Please write an abstract with title: Fast Semantic Segmentation for Vectorization of Line Drawings Based on Deep Neural Networks, and key words: Graphics, Deep learning, Neural networks, Semantics, Search problems, Pattern recognition, Cybernetics. Abstract: Much research has been done on pattern recognition in line drawings. Converting raster graphics into vector graphics is one such examples. Vector graphics are composed of meaningful basic components such as lines, curves, and parabolas etc. However, converting raster graphic to a vector graphic is difficult because the structures of the basic components must be recognized. Therefore, we propose a semantic segmentation method for converting line drawings in raster format into vector format and verify the accuracy of the extraction of basic components and the processing time through computer experiments.
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3,970
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Please write an abstract with title: Motion Control of a Mobile Robot Based on a Chaotic Iterative Map, and key words: Path planning, Generators, Mobile robots, Logistics, Physics, Complexity theory. Abstract: In this work, the problem of designing an efficient chaotic path planning generator for exploring an area is studied. To achieve so, a Chaotic Random Bit Generator (CRBG) is first constructed. The randomness of the generator was tested and verified by the FIPS statistical package. Then, the proposed CRBG is utilized to produce the chaotic motion commands for an autonomous mobile robot moving in a 2D area, in four or eight different directions. A series of simulations have been performed in Matlab, in order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method and the results show that the motion in eight directions gives better results with respect to the coverage rate while also the multiple visits to the same cells have been decreased significantly.
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3,971
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of ultrashort-pulse second-harmonic generation in both phase- and group-velocity-matched structures, and key words: Frequency domain analysis, Pulse shaping methods, Optical pulses, Pulse generation, Dispersion, Bandwidth, Shape, Optical wavelength conversion, Optical frequency conversion, Crystals. Abstract: Second-harmonic generation (SHG) of ultrashort pulse in both phase- and group-velocity mismatch structures is studied theoretically in temporal and frequency domains taking account of the effects of group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and high-order phase mismatch. Under the plane-wave and pump undepletion approximation, a set of simple analytical expressions is derived in frequency domain for Gaussian pulse. Furthermore, a formula describing the SH pulse is obtained under pump depletion condition. The obtained expressions are valid in large range of interaction length and have features such as explicit form, high accuracy, and less computing time. Meanwhile, the influences of intensity, pulse duration, chirp coefficient and shape of pump pulses, as well as the linear loss of material, on the pulsewidth preservation length are investigated by numerical method. In the case of both phase- and group-velocity mismatch structures, the conversion efficiency larger than 45% could be obtained without pulse distortion for weak input ultrashort pulse.
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3,972
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Please write an abstract with title: Overlay Implementation for Video Display, and key words: TV, Transmitters, Modulation, Data visualization, Decoding, Data mining, Gain. Abstract: An overlay is typically something like the other information about the upcoming program and other social information whilst the video is being played on the television. The main aim of this research work is to display the overlay text, overlay audio bars, and overlay graphs along with the decoder output when the video is being decoded. In decoders, the transpose stream will be sent through ASI output, and the decoder will decode the compressed data and display it through SDI output. In addition to the decoder output, text format, and audio bars, a graph will be displayed along with the data extracted from the compressed data stream. Model Sim Tool is used to create a standalone setup for simulation and generate a YUV file for visualizing the results. The existing methods will only display the format and frame rate. Additionally, the proposed method displays few other parameters such as transmitter information, modulation technique, PID information of the projected video, gain calculations in audio, and graph display, in addition to the format and frame rate, which is considered as a significant research improvement.
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3,973
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Please write an abstract with title: An Improved MPPT Technique Under Partial Shading Condition Using Simple P&O Algorithm, and key words: Maximum power point trackers, Productivity, Photovoltaic systems, Heuristic algorithms, Power system dynamics, Hardware, Real-time systems. Abstract: Partial shading (PS) affects the productivity of power generation in the photovoltaic system. During PS condition, PV panel shows multiple peaks in power-voltage (P- V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, making conventional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms like Perturb and observe (P&O) method, Incremental conductance (I&C) method etc., fails to extract maximum power. Optimization based techniques like Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Cuckoo Search (CS) and Maximum power point scanning (MPPS) methods etc., can perform an active monitoring of maximum power under PS condition. Since, optimization-based systems are complex and time-consuming, in this paper an improved MPPT is proposed for tracking maximum power under PS condition. The Proposed MPPT method does not require any computational burden, making it more compatible for real time with good tracking efficiency. The proposed MPPT is verified for 3S configuration with various shading patterns showed satisfactory results with excellent dynamic behaviour and very high tracking efficiency.
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3,974
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Please write an abstract with title: Physical and Virtual Resources Inventory Modeling for Efficient VNF Placement, and key words: Enhanced mobile broadband, Massive machine type communications, Ultra reliable low latency communication, Real-time systems, Network function virtualization, Internet of Things, Resource management. Abstract: 5G slice management supported by Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and cloud-native deployment is paramount for the rapid introduction of new 5G features like Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Massive Machine Type Communications (MMTC), and Ultra-reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC). The 5G and NFV transformation allow mobile operators to address further the needs of Internet of Things (IoT) and Edge Computing in a highly efficient manner. In this transformation, the efficient deployment and optimal placement of Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) is another critical enabler. It is crucial to efficiently perform physical and virtual resource allocation to keep End-to-End (E2E) delays and latencies minimal. In our research, while we aim to solve VNF efficient placement in a timely way, we must first address the information model and mapping of Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI) physical and Virtualized Infrastructure Management (VIM) virtual resources. Based on the information model, derive the VNFs' optimal placement to minimize the maximum distances across physical and virtual resources that are part of the VNF building blocks. In this paper we provide a methodology for real-time mapping of physical resources to the virtual components to create a uniform information catalogue that enables efficient placement of VNF components satisfying various service requirements.
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3,975
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Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Dynamic Surface Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems with Unknown Control Directions, and key words: Backstepping, Simulation, Explosions, Complexity theory, Nonlinear systems, Time-varying systems, Surface treatment. Abstract: This paper focuses on an uncertain control directions problem in strict-feedback systems with unmeasured dynamics. In this control law, a dynamic signal is chosen to handle the problem of unmeasured dynamics, and in order to eliminate the uncertain functions in the system, radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) are utilized. Nussbaum gain functions are applied for the uncertain signs of control gains. We combine dynamic surface control (DSC) technique with above control methods to overcome the complexity explosion caused by backstepping, and the process of calculation is simplified. By using the proposed controllers all signals in the system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB). Moreover, the tracking deviations of outputs are guaranteed within a small domain of origin. Finally, a simulation example exemplifies the availability of the controller. It is concluded that the control law is effective, which is illustrated by both theoretical analysis and simulation results.
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3,976
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Please write an abstract with title: Generalized Facial Manipulation Detection with Edge Region Feature Extraction, and key words: Image color analysis, Image edge detection, Forensics, Fingerprint recognition, Feature extraction, Robustness, Forgery. Abstract: This paper presents a generalized and robust face manipulation detection method based on the edge region features appearing in images. Most contemporary face synthesis processes include color awkwardness reduction but damage the natural fingerprint in the edge region. In addition, these color correction processes do not proceed in the non-face background region. We also observe that the synthesis process does not consider the natural properties of the image appearing in the time domain. Considering these observations, we propose a facial forensic framework that utilizes pixel-level color features appearing in the edge region of the whole image. Furthermore, our framework includes a 3D-CNN classification model that interprets the extracted color features spatially and temporally. Unlike other existing studies, we conduct authenticity determination by considering all features extracted from multiple frames within one video. Through extensive experiments, including real-world scenarios to evaluate generalized detection ability, we show that our framework outperforms state-of-the-art facial manipulation detection technologies in terms of accuracy and robustness.
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3,977
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Please write an abstract with title: An Opinion and Context-Aware Inverted Index Graph Model for Sentiment Search and Analysis, and key words: Indexes, Analytical models, Sentiment analysis, Batteries, Filtering, Feature extraction, Mathematical model. Abstract: Two major functions required in textual data modelling and knowledge discovery especially in modern customer interaction and research are search and sentiment analysis. Recent research has however not been able to combine these two in a way that instils flexibility into the iterative process of textual analysis for decision making. In this work, the Opinion and Context-Aware Inverted Index graph model is proposed for performing sentiment search and analysis on textual data. Unlike previous works, the use of the proposed model retrieves needed information without requiring re-processing of sentiment information. The proposed approach clarifies the difference between sentiment search and sentiment categorization. Furthermore, it shows how to perform opinion aware search based on graph traversals, pattern matching and aspect opinion filtering. To evaluate the flexibility and capabilities of the proposed scheme, the feature interest range, customer feature satisfaction/dissatisfaction intensity, feature co-mentions, and sentiment based ranking metrics of various bipartite projections for feature co-mention sub graphs using PageRank are extracted from a well-studied dataset on online product reviews with an extension of the proposed model. The chosen design and methodology is shown to be suitable for big data scale implementations.
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3,978
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Please write an abstract with title: A Framework for Progressive Regression Testing PLC Programs, and key words: Runtime, Conferences, Programmable logic devices, Software quality, Software reliability, Security, Data mining. Abstract: The software running inside the programmable logic controllers (PLCs) may be modified to satisfy the changed specifications. As the PLC mostly operates in a safety-critical environment, it is necessary to perform regression testing for the modified program. Existing regression testing techniques for PLC programs prioritize test cases of an existing test suite to detect errors in the modified program earlier. However, it is also critical to validate whether the behavior of the modified PLC program satisfies the changed specifications. In this paper, we propose a novel regression testing framework for PLC programs. Our framework identifies the modified part using the program slicing technique and generates test cases for the program slice including textual change. The test input sequences of each slice are then exercised, and we mine temporal invariants to check whether the runtime behavior satisfies the new specifications. We evaluate the effectiveness of our framework with a real-life case. The experimental results show that the proposed framework effectively tests whether the modified PLC program matches the changed specifications.
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3,979
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Please write an abstract with title: Context is Everything: Implicit Identification for Dynamics Adaptation, and key words: Training, Adaptation models, Codes, Automation, Predictive models, Task analysis, Robots. Abstract: Understanding environment dynamics is necessary for robots to act safely and optimally in the world. In realistic scenarios, dynamics are non-stationary and the causal variables such as environment parameters cannot necessarily be precisely measured or inferred, even during training. We propose Implicit Identification for Dynamics Adaptation (IIDA), a simple method to allow predictive models to adapt to changing environment dynamics. IIDA assumes no access to the true variations in the world and instead implicitly infers properties of the environment from a small amount of contextual data. We demonstrate IIDA's ability to perform well in unseen environments through a suite of simulated experiments on MuJoCo environments and a real robot dynamic sliding task. In general, IIDA significantly reduces model error and results in higher task performance over commonly used methods. Our code, video of the method, and latest paper is available here https://bennevans.github.io/icra-iida/
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3,980
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Please write an abstract with title: HeartBees: Visualizing Crowd Affects, and key words: Biological system modeling, Visualization, Physiology, Heart rate variability, Data visualization, Biomedical monitoring, Birds. Abstract: Affective sharing within groups strengthens coordination and empathy, leads to better health outcomes, and increases productivity and performance. Existing tools for affective sharing face one main challenge: creating a representation of collective emotional states that is relatable and universally accessible. To overcome this challenge, we propose HeartBees, a bio-feedback system for visualizing collective emotional states, which maps a multi-dimensional emotion model into a metaphorical visualization of flocks of birds. Grounded on Affective Computing literature and physiological sensing, we mapped physiological indicators that could be obtained from wearable devices into a multi-dimensional emotion model, which, in turn, our HeartBees can make use of. We evaluated our nature-inspired interactive system with 353 online participants, whose responses showed good consensus in the way they subjectively perceived the visualizations. Last, we discuss practical applications of HeartBees.
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3,981
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Please write an abstract with title: A Hybrid Cyber Physical Digital Twin Approach for Smart Grid Fault Prediction, and key words: Transient analysis, Real-time systems, Fault diagnosis, Smart grids, Mathematical model, Smart meters, Data models. Abstract: The massive penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and high speed power electronics, even at the distribution grid edge, increases the management and operational complexity of the network while necessitates predictive maintenance, control and failure prediction mechanisms in near real time. A distribution subsystem comprises a CPS (Cyber Physical System) where the Cyber part is enabled by a low latency IIoT network and computational resources at the edge (distribution grid subsystem controller) while the physical system is represented (Digital Twin) by a hybrid model of the grid: a data driven machine learning representation of a limited number of nodes, along with a discrete-time model-based transient state estimator which captures the near real time physical operation of the grid. In case of early warning measurements acquired through the IIoT, machine learning edge computations can detect the severity of the warning, identify the network area of interest while ignite the execution of the transient state estimation. The transient state estimation predicts the incoming failure in near real time while the timing window allows possible preventive actuation.
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3,982
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Please write an abstract with title: An IoT Based System for Monitoring and Soothing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Patients, and key words: Wearable computers, Anxiety disorders, Medical treatment, Market research, Monitoring, Stress, Accidents. Abstract: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that follows a traumatic event or experience. The PTSD patient usually suffers from some disorders in the form of nightmares, flashbacks, etc. Nowadays, modern technology such as wearable devices plays an important role in healthcare applications. This paper proposes a soothing system to monitor and calm down the PTSD patient by using different approaches. The system senses the PTSD symptoms using a wearable device then acts accordingly by different actions (aromatherapy, video, auditory therapy, light patterns) to distract the patient while awakeness to prevent the occurrence of PTSD episodes. On the other hand, if the patient is asleep, the system tries to soothe the patient using different methods (aromatherapy, auditory therapy). If the nightmare is persistent, the system will take the decision to wake him up. The data is continuously recorded in order to help the system learn the most efficient techniques, take the suitable decision and efficiently update the system reactions each time the PTSD episode occurs.
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3,983
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimize the coordinated control system and improve the AGC response rate of the unit, and key words: Automatic generation control, Coal, Valves, Power grids, Dispatching, Thermal analysis, Information technology. Abstract: This paper briefly analyzes the structure and mechanism of automatic generation control system (AGC) in thermal power plant. According to the operation of AGC of a supercritical unit and the characteristics of the control object, this paper puts forward the optimization and improvement of the coordinated control system, which is optimized from the following aspects: changing the fuel load feedforward, pre adding and subtracting fuel, overcoming the main steam pressure inertia, increasing the adaptability of the unit to the change of coal quality, optimizing the automatic air supply system, and setting the characteristic flow curve of steam turbine regulating valve. After optimization, the response rate of the unit to AGC command has been significantly improved.
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3,984
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Please write an abstract with title: Using SDL a tool for system simulations, and key words: Media Access Protocol, Wireless LAN, Computational modeling, Large-scale systems, Wireless application protocol, Access protocols, Information systems, Analytical models, Signal processing, Digital systems. Abstract: This paper presents the usage of the specification and description language (SDL) for system simulations. The two studied systems are a large-scale telecommunication system for delivering information services to public transport passengers (TUTPIS), and an embedded medium access control (TUTMAC) protocol for wireless LAN. The TUTPIS system combines the implementation of some systems components by the building of a simulation model for the general service architecture. On the other hand, TUTMAC has been fully implemented in SDL. The formal system designs are simulated for verifying the required functionality. By simulations, the architectural operability of the transport service system design has been tested, e.g. with a very high number of users and with different telecommunication network environments. For the embedded TUTMAC protocol, real-time simulations are performed for evaluating the performance and capacity requirements of the application for the final platform.
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3,985
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Please write an abstract with title: On the dynamics of polarization mode dispersion, and key words: Polarization mode dispersion, Optical fibers, Fluctuations, Optical fiber polarization, Optical retarders, Delay effects, Histograms, Optical fiber testing, Physics, Degradation. Abstract: The PMD dynamics in aerial fiber can be well modeled by highly mode coupled wave-plates via the mode coupling angle fluctuation described by a Gaussian probability transition function. The RMS mode orientation angle undergoes a Brownian motion in aerial fiber. The fitting parameter K is easily measured and used as a single quantity to describe the dynamical nature of a field optical fiber with sufficient statistics. This allows industry to measure and quantify SOP and PMD correlation when field testing optical fibers. We find the K value for aerial fiber is about an order of magnitude larger than that of the buried fiber.
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3,986
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Please write an abstract with title: Low-Complexity Power Amplifier Model Driven Wireless Emitter Identification Using Random Forest, and key words: Wireless communication, Computational modeling, Communication system security, Feature extraction, Forestry, Radio transmitters. Abstract: Due to the widespread use of open wireless access points, the criminals easily access the Internet through these distributed points for illegal activities. However, the software layer of illegal devices can easily be tampered with, which leads to the inaccurate localization using IP address detection method. In this paper, we proposes a low-complexity nonlinear power amplifier (PA) model driven wireless emitter identification method, where a unified receiving model is built by fusing the proposed PA model named simplify generalized memory polynomial (SGMP) with the signal model and a Renyi entropy weighted random forest (RRF) is utilized to make the classification decisions. The proposed method consists of two stages, the training stage and the classification stage. In the training stage, we obtain the corresponding feature vectors by least squares method and train the RRF classifier. Moreover, a Renyi entropy weighted random forest algorithm is designed to enhance the classification accuracy. In the classification stage, the classification decision is made by the trained classifier using the feature vectors of the measured samples. Through simulation results, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme can be superior than recent methods and have more moderate computational complexity.
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3,987
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Please write an abstract with title: Characteristics of North Pacific Typhoons, and key words: Typhoons, Tropical cyclones, Oceans, Wind, Frequency, Reconnaissance, Aircraft, Satellite broadcasting, Data analysis, Storms. Abstract: Recent reconnaissance aircraft, satellite, and radar data have been analyzed to show where typhoons occur and how they behave. Nineteen tropical cyclones reach full typhoon strength per year, on the average. Five of these can be expected to reach super typhoon strength, that is, to have maximum sustained winds of 130 knots, or higher. The potential threat of these storms should not be underestimated by those planning marine activities in the western North Pacific. The average death toll for the past 22 years has been 1,418 fatalities per year.
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3,988
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Please write an abstract with title: Mental State, Mood, and Emotion, and key words: Special issues and sections, Mental health, Emotion recognition, Mood, Depression, Wearable sensors, Sensor systems, Deep learning, Psychology, Psychiatry. Abstract: The aim of this special issue is to discuss novel approaches, opportunities, and challenges for developing effective, ethical, and trustworthy pervasive computing technology for mental health and emotion. The accepted articles address a variety of topics, ranging from voice-based depression detection, wrist-worn sensor-based bipolar manic-euthymic state recognition, free-living audio-based conversation network estimation for mental health applications, comparison of wellbeing self-report via conversational agent and web app, meeting success prediction using nuanced emotions, and personalized sleep stage and sleep quality recognition using wearable sensors.
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3,989
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Please write an abstract with title: Cloud Infrastructure Security, and key words: Cloud computing, Security, Virtualization, Network topology, Computational modeling, Organizations, Context modeling. Abstract: Cloud infrastructure consists of different components such as servers, storage, network, management and deployment software, and platform virtualization. Therefore, the cloud infrastructure security is the most important part in cloud security and any attacks to the cloud infrastructure will cause a large amount of service disruption. In this chapter, we investigate Cloud infrastructure security issues as one of the most important part of cloud security, analyze the infrastructure security in several existing Cloud platforms, and discusses some countermeasure to protect cloud infrastructure against various threats and vulnerabilities.
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3,990
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Please write an abstract with title: Ferroprobe Magnetometer with Preset Excitation Field Induction Mode, and key words: Power engineering, Magnetometers, Capacitors, Permanent magnets, Generators, Object recognition, Magnetic fields. Abstract: A new type of ferroprobe magnetometer was proposed to detect subsurface items. Operating characteristics were improved by making use of an auxiliary bias field caused by a permanent magnet. It was proposed to use a generator capacitor as an excitation element; the generator capacitor coatings are connected to a sine-wave oscillator and are designed as thin-walled semicylinders enclosing the ferroprobe core and the specified permanent magnet. The measuring instrument structure flowchart was presented, its operating principles and design features were considered. It was shown that by setting different relationships between the intensity values of magnetic fields generated by the generator capacitor and the permanent magnet, one can implement different ferroprobe operating modes. This characteristic of the proposed ferroprobe can be used to solve various tasks connected with subsurface items detection and identification
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3,991
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Please write an abstract with title: Seasonal Variation of Corrosion Rate in the Water Distribution Network, and key words: Corrosion rate, Distribution network, Summer and Winter, Patna, Bihar. Abstract: This research was focused on a comparative study of corrosion rate analysis during the winter and summer seasons of the water distribution network in urban Patna (Bihar), India. For the corrosion rate analysis, three test coupons were inserted into the pipeline of the distribution network during the winter season (November to March) and three test coupons during the summer season (April to August) for 45, 90, and 135 days, respectively. The coupon weight loss method was performed for corrosion rate analysis. During the winter and summer, the corrosion factors pH, temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, calcium hardness, chloride, sulphate, and dissolved oxygen were monitored on a regular basis. It was observed that the corrosion rate was higher during the summer than in the winter season. During the winter, the scaling percentage was higher than during the summer. The decreasing trend of the regression model indicates that water has a scaling behaviour that forms a protective scale.
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3,992
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Please write an abstract with title: Using deep learning to detect early signs of cognitive disease, and key words: Deep learning, Measurement, Psychology, Network architecture, Data models, Task analysis, Diseases. Abstract: Handwriting and hand drawings have historically been used as a proxy metric to evaluate psychological and cognitive traits, in addition to fine motor skills. Detecting onset of cognitive diseases early is a very challenging task due to the expertise required to evaluate each individual subject, as well as the time that the process entails. In this work, we evaluated the application of state-of-the-art deep learning and transfer learning models to determine if the author of a copied hand drawing of a template displays signs of cognitive disease. Compared to expert cognitive evaluation, our best performing method yielded a mean accuracy of 67.60% and area under ROC of 0.595 in determining if an undiagnosed subject displays signs of cognitive disease. Our results suggest that state of the art techniques in deep learning have the potential to help alleviate the difficulty of screening for early signs of cognitive disease. Results also suggest that transfer learning did not perform as well as a purpose-built network architecture trained from scratch. Lastly, our results indicate that models which consider all drawings made by a subject outperform models that look at drawing-evaluation pairs independently.
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3,993
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Please write an abstract with title: Temporal Information Fusion Network for Driving Behavior Prediction, and key words: ADAS, driving behavior prediction, GRU, selective attention mechanism. Abstract: Since enormous hazards are caused by traffic crashes every year, ensuring safe driving is a hot topic in transportation. Technologies related to the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) are evolving rapidly. But without an adequate understanding of driving intention, ADAS usually can’t help the driver prepare for the danger in advance. This paper focuses on the fusion strategy of driver and environment information and proposes a lightweight end-to-end model, temporal information fusion network (TIFN). Driving behavior is the interactive result of the driver and the external world. To better understand the driver’s intention, the state update cell (STU) is proposed to introduce the influence of environment information into the driver’s state modeling, inspired by the selective attention of the human cognition process. Meanwhile, semantic segmentation features are extracted to offer clear clues affecting driver attention in place of motion optical flow images and binary value vectors. Finally, the driver’s intention and environment state are combined to make a joint prediction. The experiments evaluated on Brain4cars and IESDD show that the proposed approach has superior performance than other approaches that only use camera data.
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3,994
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Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Near-Field Imaging Using Cylindrical MIMO Arrays, and key words: MIMO communication, Imaging, Antenna arrays, Radar imaging, Receiving antennas, Millimeter wave radar, Fourier transforms. Abstract: Multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) array-based millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging has a tangible prospect in applications of concealed weapons detection. A near-field imaging algorithm based on wavenumber domain processing is proposed for a cylindrical MIMO array scheme with uniformly spaced transmit and receive antennas over both the vertical and horizontal-arc directions. The spectrum aliasing associated with the proposed MIMO array is analyzed through a zero-filling discrete-time Fourier transform. The analysis shows that an undersampled array can be used in recovering the MMW image by a wavenumber domain algorithm. The requirements for the antenna interelement spacing of the MIMO array are delineated. Numerical simulations as well as comparisons with the backprojection algorithm are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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3,995
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Please write an abstract with title: A unified framework for similarity calculation between images, and key words: Information retrieval, Decision making, Image retrieval, Image databases, Spatial databases, Visual databases, Euclidean distance, Laboratories, Educational institutions, Indexing. Abstract: Emergence of large digital visual data repositories motivates the need for effective indexing and retrieval tools. In traditional approaches, similarity among two images is a weighted distance between two feature vectors. These techniques, however, do not provide enough flexibility in modelling user queries. This paper proposes a framework where image similarities are obtained through a decision making process using fuzzy theory. The analysis and results of this paper indicate that the aggregation technique presented here provides an effective, general, and flexible tool for similarity calculation based on the combination of individual descriptors and features.
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3,996
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Please write an abstract with title: One-cycle control active power filter for three-phase four-wire systems, and key words: Control systems, Active filters, Power system harmonics, Power harmonic filters, Power system modeling, Voltage control, Analytical models, Circuit simulation, Mathematics, Mathematical model. Abstract: An advanced active power filter with one-cycle control method for three-phase four-wire system is presented in this paper. First, the main circuit of APF is analyzed. And then the mathematic model of the controller is given. This active power filter employs a four-leg voltage-source inverter and its controller works with one-cycle controlled method. The functions of the proposed APF include the compensation of reactive, harmonic and unbalanced currents in power systems. The one-cycle control method is a new control method with which both the detection of harmonic, reactive and unbalanced current components and the control process for APF are combined. So the control and detecting circuit become simple and has a very good real time property. The theory analysis and simulation results are given finally in this paper. Both theory analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method is effective.
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3,997
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Please write an abstract with title: Graph Convolutional Network-Based Topology Embedded Deep Reinforcement Learning for Voltage Stability Control, and key words: Topology, Convolutional neural networks, Power system stability, Voltage control, Reinforcement learning, Feature extraction, Load shedding. Abstract: Topology changes happen frequently in power systems and can impose significant challenges to traditional controllers of power systems. Recent studies revealed the strength of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based approaches in power system preventive and corrective control. But topological variations are difficult to capture using classical fully connected neural network (FCN) model and has not been explicitly modeled in previous work. Hence, we develop a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) based DRL framework to tackle topology changes in power system voltage stability control design. The GCN model helps the DRL agent to better capture topology changes and spatial correlations in nodal features. Our GCN based approach is evaluated using the IEEE-39 bus system and it outperforms the FCN-based DRL scheme in terms of training convergence and control performance considering grid topology changes.
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3,998
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Please write an abstract with title: Compact Magnetostatic Wave Channelizer, and key words: Magnetostatic waves, Magnetic separation, Frequency, Magnetic devices, Transducers, Bandwidth, Filter bank, Yttrium, Iron, Garnets. Abstract: A compact 5 channel filter bank is described which uses the new technology of magnetostatic forward volume waves propagating in narrow epitaxial yttrium iron garnet strips. Results are presented showing S-band performance where a -55 dB out-of-band level is achieved and a 2 tone intermodulation level rejection of 50 dB at 25 MHz from the mid-band frequency.
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3,999
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Please write an abstract with title: The martingale theory of jump processes, and key words: Stochastic processes, Medical diagnosis, Uncertainty, Mathematical model, Calculus, Communication standards, Filtering theory, Context, Motion control, Communication system control. Abstract: A jump process is best analyzed by investigating the space of all martingales which are generated by the process. The structure of this space of martingales becomes clear in the martingale representation results. Having understood this structure, one can completely resolve the most important problems in 1) modeling and description, 2) detection or hypothesis testing, and 3) filtering of jump processes. Several exercises are worked out to suggest the power of this approach.
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