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Please write an abstract with title: Microwave radiation from a low-energy rotating electron beam in an azimuthally periodic magnetic wiggler field, and key words: Electron beams, Undulators, Magnets, Orbits, Frequency, Cyclotrons, Free electron lasers, Laser theory, Cobalt, Laboratories. Abstract: The generation of microwave radiation by the interaction of a low-energy rotating electron beam (25 kV, 0.5 A, 5 μs) with an azimuthally periodic magnetic wiggler field has been studied experimentally. Narrow-band radiation has been observed at a frequency of 10.15 GHz at power levels of about 100 W, correspoinding to an electronic efficiency of about 1 percent. Results are in reasonable agreement with theoretical expectations when the electron cyclotron frequency is adjusted to account for a precession in the electron orbits caused by the wiggler field.
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3,801
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Please write an abstract with title: Building A Wheelchair Controlling and Fall Detection System Using Mobile Application, and key words: Wheelchairs, Prototypes, Mobile applications, Batteries, Fall detection, Statistics, Monitoring. Abstract: A large portion of the world population has a physical disability, a large portion of them need a wheelchair for easy movement. Aged citizens and temporarily disabled persons due to accidents or illnesses also need a wheelchair permanently. A conventional wheelchair needs some assistance from other people or some physical effort of the patient. With the advancement in technology, patient support and monitoring system are getting more user friendly and easier to use. In this project, a prototype of a wheelchair along with a fall detection system is developed which is controlled by an android application. This developed prototype can be controlled in a different direction with speed variations, the location of the patient can be monitored by a caretaker or nurse. The fall detection system uses an android device's gyroscope and accelerometer. The command to control the wheelchair is received by the Bluetooth module attached to the wheelchair. The mac address of the module is defined in the android device so that the device does not interact with another patient's wheelchair. A defined keyword is used to initiate an emergency call to the nurse and a notification sends to the nurse when the system detects any fall.
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3,802
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Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Inverse Design of Polarization-Insensitive Photonic Filters by Tailoring Fabry-Perot Interference, and key words: Photonics, Fabry-Perot, Interference, Optical filters, Dielectrics, Slabs, Cavity resonators. Abstract: Filtering of photonic signals of a certain frequency while suppressing all the others of a specific band for both electromagnetic signal polarizations, becomes possible with a single dielectric layer by properly engineering the occurred Fabry-Perot interference. Analytical formulas for combinations of cavity size, material texture and incoming angle are given so that the filtering purpose is optimally served. In this way, inverse design for a simple class of optical setups is rigorously performed and, if the employed medium is very dense and the working band narrow enough, sharp filters with increased frequency selectivity are obtained.
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3,803
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Please write an abstract with title: Narrow gap TIG arc weld process monitoring, and key words: Process monitoring, Industries, Deep learning, Manufacturing processes, Welding, Machine vision, Neural networks. Abstract: Joining processes play a critical role across several industries and manufacturing activities. One such activity is narrow gap TIG arc welding, present in a number of high value manufacturing domains the quality and outcomes are highly dependent on the operating parameters and the evolving state of the weld. Human supervision, and the application of vision systems to allow the operator to monitor the process as it is being undertaken is commonplace, however monitoring, characterisation and feedback in narrow gap use cases is less so. The work undertakes a comparative study into two different approaches to process monitoring of TIG arc welding. The first through more traditional machine vision (MV) methods, and the second through more modern deep neural network methods. Results show both methods developed are able to perform the role of process monitoring and defect detection with accuracy of 82% and 93% for the traditional and DNN methods respectively.
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3,804
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Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Method to Optimize the Cascaded SuperCascode Power Switch Balancing Network, and key words: Analytical models, Renewable energy sources, Scalability, Switching loss, Voltage, Switches, Data models. Abstract: SuperCascode Power Switches (SCPS) use series-connected Low Voltage (LV)- High Current (HC) devices in a serial string to realize High Voltage (HV) – HC power switches. Cascading of SuperCascodes (CSC) is a modification of the earlier proposed SCPS concept aimed to scale the switching topology to very high (>100kV) levels or applied to optimize previously reported HV SCPSs to achieve higher switching speed, reduced balancing network size and lower switching losses. However, certain practical challenges create engineering constraints in design which will be discussed and highlighted in this paper. Firstly, for a serial string of devices, scaling the devices adds stray inductances which lead to delays in triggering serial devices, de-synchronization of triggering and unexpected overvoltages that limit scalability. This paper provides an analytical model to enable optimization through simulation and provides experimental data verifying the model.
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3,805
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of binary sequences with tunable exponential autocorrelations and run statistics based on one-dimensional chaotic maps, and key words: Binary sequences, Autocorrelation, Statistics, Chaos, Chaotic communication, Multiaccess communication, Random variables, Design methodology, Probability, Random number generation. Abstract: This paper describes simple design methods of chaotic binary sequences with prescribed exponential autocorrelation properties and run statistics. We employ one-dimensional piecewise monotonic onto maps and a simple threshold function for generating such sequences. Some examples of such designs are also given. Furthermore, bounds on run statistics are discussed and compared to the result for sequences of general binary random variables.
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3,806
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Please write an abstract with title: On the mean square stability of random linear systems, and key words: Linear systems, Integral equations, Differential equations, Circuit stability, Narrowband, Stochastic processes, Green's function methods, Stability criteria, RLC circuits, Stochastic systems. Abstract: The theory of random linear systems is extended to systems containing one or more nonindependent parameters under the assumption that the parameter processes and the solution process have very widely separated spectra. It is shown that the second product moment of the solution satisfies a linear integral equation which can be solved in closed form in some important special cases. The mean square stability theory of equations containing one purely random coefficient initiated by Samuels and Eringen is developed further and extended to systems containing one narrow-band random parameter. Specific mean square stability criteria are worked out for an RLC circuit with capacity variations that are a narrow-band stochastic function.
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3,807
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Compliance Judgment of Indication Error of Calibration Result of Platinum Resistance Air Temperature Sensor, and key words: Temperature sensors, Resistance, Temperature measurement, Instruments, Current measurement, Platinum, Measurement uncertainty. Abstract: In view of the current situation that the conformity of measurement results was not judged when tracing the source of air temperature sensor in automatic weather station in the past. In this paper, the representative platinum resistance air temperature sensor is selected. Through the design and implementation of the calibration experimental scheme, the indication error of the corresponding calibration point is obtained, and the measurement uncertainty u95 is analyzed and evaluated. Finally, the conformity of the indication error of the calibration results is determined based on u95. The results are: it is qualified at −10 °C and 0 °C, It is determined to be undetermined at 20 °C and 50 °C. There is a deviation from the result without indication error conformity judgment, Therefore, it is necessary to judge the compliance of the indication error of the calibration result of the platinum resistance air temperature sensor.
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3,808
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of Distributed Radar Capabilities for Monitoring the Protected Area of Objects in the Arctic Region, and key words: Monitoring, Radar detection, Tools, Security, Arctic, Meteorology. Abstract: to solve the urgent task of all-day and all-weather monitoring of the protected area of objects in the Arctic region, the authors of the article propose a technical solution based on the usage of radar emitters forming a multi-position complex. The features of the elements placement of a multi-position radar complex and the detection of moving targets are considered.
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3,809
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Please write an abstract with title: 1-MHz self-driven ZVS full-bridge converter for 48-V power pod and DC/DC brick, and key words: Zero voltage switching, Microprocessors, Pulse width modulation, Topology, Capacitors, Rectifiers, Strontium, Switching frequency, Energy consumption, Power system transients. Abstract: In this paper, a self-driven zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) full-bridge converter is proposed. With the proposed self-driven scheme, the combination of the ZVS technique and Self-driven technique recycles the gate driving energy by making use of the input capacitor of the secondary side synchronous rectifier (SR) as the snubber capacitor of the primary side switches. Compared with the external driver, the proposed converter can save driving loss and synchronous rectifier body diode conduction loss. Additionally, compared with the existed level-shifted self-driven scheme for bridge-type symmetrical topologies, its gate signal is very clean and suitable for high-frequency applications. A 1-MHz, 1.2-V/70-A prototype is built to verify the analysis. Experimental results show that it can achieve 81.7% efficiency. And there is an efficiency improvement of 4.7% over conventional phase-shifted full-bridge converter with an external driver.
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3,810
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Please write an abstract with title: P-I-N Variable Attenuator with Low Phase Shift (Short Papers), and key words: PIN photodiodes, Attenuators, Frequency, Gain, P-i-n diodes, Noise figure, Impedance, Attenuation, Voltage, Capacitance. Abstract: A broad-band MIC current-controlled variable attenuator that exhibits small phase change versus attenuation has been developed. Design factors that effect phase shift are discussed. Performance at frequencies between 0.5 and 3.0 GHz is shown. Measured values of attenuation are shown to be independent of frequency from 0.5 to 3.0 GHz.
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3,811
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Please write an abstract with title: Heave and Roll control of Biomimetic AUV using Advanced control strategies, and key words: Autonomous underwater vehicles, Technological innovation, Uncertainty, Propellers, Biomimetics, Roads, Sea measurements. Abstract: Biomimetic Underwater Vehicles (BAUVs) are a relatively new invention in the area of underwater vehicles that do not use propellers. For underwater surveying, a stable autonomous underwater vehicle is required. This research aimed to develop a realistic design for a Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle with heave and roll control. The control application uses a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control technique with manual and genetic algorithm-based tuning. An $H_{\infty}|$ controller is also built in this study in order to attain more excellent performance against uncertainty. There is also a comparison study of existing controllers in this area with existing ones to see the benefits and downsides.
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3,812
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Please write an abstract with title: Detection Of S1 And S2 Locations In Phonocardiogram Signals Using Zero Frequency Filter, and key words: Heart, Time-frequency analysis, Signal processing, Speech processing, Phonocardiography, Wearable sensors, Monitoring. Abstract: Heart auscultation is a widely used technique for diagnosing cardiac abnormalities. In that context, capturing of phonocardiogram (PCG) signals and automatically monitoring of the heart by identifying S1 and S2 complexes is an emerging field. One of the first steps involved for identifying S1-S2 complexes is detection of the locations of these events in the PCG signals. Methods proposed in literature, to detect these events in the PCG signal, have largely focused on exploiting the dominant low frequency characteristics of the S1-S2 complexes through frequency-domain processing. In this paper, we propose a purely time-domain processing based method that employs a heavily decaying low pass filter (referred to as zero frequency filter) to suppress extraneous factors and detect S1-S2 locations. We demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach through investigations on two publicly available data sets, namely the PASCAL heart sounds challenge 2011 (PHSC-2011) and Phys- ioNet CinC. The method is also evaluated through an analysis with wearable sensors in the presence and absence of speech activity.
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3,813
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Please write an abstract with title: System for assisted mobility using eye movements based on electrooculography, and key words: Electrooculography, Computer interfaces, Wheelchairs, Man machine systems, Sockets, Sensor systems, Computer graphics, User interfaces, Mice, Communication system control. Abstract: Describes an eye-control method based on electrooculography (EOG) to develop a system for assisted mobility. One of its most important features is its modularity, making it adaptable to the particular needs of each user according to the type and degree of handicap involved. An eye model based on electrooculographic signal is proposed and its validity is studied. Several human-machine interfaces (HMI) based on EOG are commented, focusing our study on guiding and controlling a wheelchair for disabled people, where the control is actually effected by eye movements within the socket. Different techniques and guidance strategies are then shown with comments on the advantages and disadvantages of each one. The system consists of a standard electric wheelchair with an on-board computer, sensors and a graphic user interface run by the computer. On the other hand, this eye-control method can be applied to handle graphical interfaces, where the eye is used as a mouse computer. Results obtained show that this control technique could be useful in multiple applications, such as mobility and communication aid for handicapped persons.
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3,814
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Please write an abstract with title: Method of Fuzzing Testing of Firewalls Using the Gray Box Method, and key words: Firewalls (computing), Information security, Fuzzing, Tools, Software, Testing, Information systems. Abstract: This article describes an approach to creating a technique for fuzzing testing firewalls using the gray box method. This method makes it possible to test the information security tool in the absence of program code, but using the knowledge and skills of the administrator level. This article contains examples of tests and tools that can be recommended for performing test tasks. The essential for fuzzing testing of information security tools is justified by the requirements of the significant certifying government agency. Reports on fuzzing testing of firewalls should demonstrate the absence or presence of software errors that can create vulnerabilities. To ensure information security at critical infrastructure facilities, in state information systems and information systems for processing personal data, reliable information security tools should be used. The results of fuzzing testing are one of the indicators that show the level of trust in the information security tool.
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3,815
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Please write an abstract with title: A comprehensive AC fault ride-through strategy for HVDC link with serial-connected LCC-VSC hybrid inverter, and key words: Voltage control, Inverters, Hybrid power systems, Surges, Power conversion, HVDC transmission, Topology. Abstract: An HVDC link with line-commutated converter (LCC) as a rectifier at the power sending end and with a serial-connected LCC and voltage source converter (VSC) hybrid inverter (SLVHI) at the power receiving end, has been adopted for the forthcoming Baihetan HVDC engineering project in China. To realize the AC fault ride-through (FRT) of SLVHI, a new strategy based on DC chopper (DCC) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the mathematical model is built to investigate the VSC DC overvoltage mechanism after SLVHI commutation failure (CF) and related factors. Secondly, a modified DCC topology of SLVHI is designed to adjust the unbalanced power dissipation based on voltage drop depth. Thirdly, an enhanced voltage-dependent current order limiter (VDCOL) is proposed to deal with the unbalanced power after DCC switch-off. With the cooperation between modified DCC and enhanced VDCOL, the proposed FRT strategy can realize CF mitigation and VSC DC overvoltage suppression simultaneously. Finally, the inverter side AC FRT performances of the HVDC link with SLVHI were studied using PSCAD software/EMTDC algorithm. The simulation results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy, with better CF mitigation and VSC DC overvoltage suppression abilities than offered by other existing FRT strategies under different fault scenarios.
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3,816
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Scale Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Small-Sized Lung Nodules Using Class Activation Region Influence Maximization, and key words: Diseases, Generators, Generative adversarial networks, Training, Computational modeling, X-ray imaging, Training data. Abstract: Automatic detection and classification of thoracic diseases using deep learning algorithms have many applications supporting radiologists’ diagnosis and prognosis. However, in the medical field, the class-imbalanced problem is extremely common due to the differences in prevalence among diseases, making it difficult to develop these applications. Many GAN-based methods have been proposed to solve the class-imbalance problem on chest X-ray (CXR) data. However, these models have not been trained well for small-sized diseases because it is challenging to extract sufficient information with only a few pixels. In this paper, we propose a novel deep generative model called a class activation region influence maximization conditional generative adversarial network (CARIM-cGAN). The proposed network can control the target disease’s presence, location, and size with a controllable conditional mask. We newly introduced class activation region influence maximization (CARIM) loss to maximize the probability of disease occurrence in the bounded region represented by a conditional mask. To demonstrate an enhanced generative performance, we conducted numerous qualitative and quantitative evaluations with the samples generated using a CARIM-cGAN. The results showed that our method has a better performance than other methods. In conclusion, because the CARIM-cGAN can generate high-quality samples based on information on the location and size of the disease, we can contribute to solving problems such as disease classification, -detection, and -localization, requiring a higher annotation cost.
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3,817
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Please write an abstract with title: Infer The Input To The Generator Of Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Networks, and key words: Generators, Gallium nitride, Convolutional codes, Data models, Optimized production technology, Linear programming. Abstract: Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are deep-learning-based generative models. This paper presents three methods to infer the input to the generator of auxiliary classifier generative adversarial networks (ACGANs), which are a type of conditional GANs. The first two methods, named i-ACGAN- r and i-ACGAN-d, are “inverting” methods, which obtain an inverse mapping from an image to the class label and the latent sample. By contrast, the third method, referred to as i-ACGAN-e, directly infers both the class label and the latent sample by introducing an encoder into an ACGAN. The three methods were evaluated on two natural scene datasets, using two performance measures: the class recovery accuracy and the image reconstruction error. Experimental results show that i-ACGAN-e outperforms the other two methods in terms of the class recovery accuracy. However, the images generated by the other two methods have smaller image reconstruction errors. The source code is publicly available from https://github.com/XMPeng/Infer-Input-ACGAN.
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3,818
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Please write an abstract with title: Mitigating the Impacts of False Data Injection Attacks in Smart Grids using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: convolutional neural network, deep learning, smart grid, false data injection attack, cybersecurity. Abstract: The smart grid is vulnerable to cyberattacks due to the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT). The false data injection attack (FDIA) is a type of cyberattack that is against the state estimation of the power grid. It is imperative to mitigate the impacts of such a stealthy attack. In this paper, a deep convolutional neural network scheme was proposed. It has been evaluated on the IEEE 39-bus system using real-world load data and performs better than existed approaches.
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3,819
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Please write an abstract with title: 120 GHz Band MMIC SiGe Receiver, and key words: Radio frequency, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Receivers, Radar tracking, Silicon, Mixers, Silicon germanium. Abstract: The paper presents constructing sub-THz frequency range transceiver's basic principles. The opportunity of implementing a terahertz short-range automotive locator MMIC receiver is demonstrated. The article discusses possible terahertz range device applications. The prototype receiver's research results are presented. SiGe technology-based RF mixer and oscillator model for the future receiving and transmitting path devices implementation are presented.
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3,820
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Please write an abstract with title: An ILP Algorithm for Feeder Reconfiguration under Capacity Constraints, and key words: Loading, Distribution networks, Switches, Maintenance engineering, Minimization, Standards, Optimization. Abstract: Distribution network operators can remove overloads and eliminate voltage violations with the help of feeder reconfiguration by changing the position of normally open and normally closed switches. However, finding a minimal combination of switching operations that satisfies the operating constraints in a network with multiple feeders is a challenging optimization problem. This paper proposes an integer linear programming (ILP) approach to the feeder reconfiguration problem under capacity constraints. In order to examine the computational performance of the algorithm on distribution networks in practice, we design two 3-feeder 375-node test systems with different configurations, which could become a standard test system for scale up. Case studies on the 375-node systems demonstrate the performance of this approach and show that the algorithm performs well in complex corner cases.
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3,821
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Please write an abstract with title: Weighting Factor Free Lyapunov-Function-Based Model Predictive Control Strategy for Single-Phase T-Type Rectifiers, and key words: Rectifiers, Voltage control, Switches, Silicon, Predictive control, Lyapunov methods, Capacitors. Abstract: This paper presents a weighting factor free Lyapunov-function-based model predictive control (MPC) for single-phase T-type rectifiers. The stability of the rectifier can be guaranteed if the derivative of Lyapunov function is negative. Motivated from this fact, the design of cost function (Lyapunov function) is based on stability of the rectifier. Since the coefficient used in the formulation of the Lyapunov function does not have any effect on the performance, the cost function becomes weighting factor free. The weighting factor free based MPC brings simplicity in the practical implementation. The performance of the proposed control technique has been investigated under normal and distorted grid voltage conditions during steady-state and transients caused by the load change. In all cases, the output and capacitor voltages are regulated at desired voltage levels, grid current tracks its reference and achieves unity power factor operation.
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3,822
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Please write an abstract with title: A Machine Learning Based Wafer Test Ranking for Root Cause Analysis, and key words: Measurement, Support vector machines, Fault diagnosis, Root cause analysis, Visualization, Machine learning, Sensors. Abstract: The verification process represents a major challenge in the integrated circuits industry due to the ever-increasing complexity of modern analog integrated circuits. This is why the need to develop the most effective methods for identifying source faults has become a necessity in order to ensure exceptional quality at a reasonable cost. In the post-silicon verification process, the wafers are thoroughly tested and faulty behaviors are inevitably detected. The process of determining the cause of the faulty behavior is referred to as root cause analysis. The root cause analysis for wafer tests may involve the signal analysis of certain test sensors outputs that usually is performed visually by the test engineers in order to establish the root cause associated to faulty wafers. This implies the ranking assessment of the visual degree of correlation between each sensor outputs and pass/fail wafer labels of a produced set of wafers. Based on this ranking it is possible to identify which technological process steps were causing the majority of defect wafers. This is a time and resource consuming process due to the high number of performed tests and produced wafers that need to be visually inspected. This paper addresses the automation of this type of root cause analysis of wafer defects by making use of signal analysis metrics based Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) combined with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier or Davies-Bouldin metric. The proposed method’s quality was evaluated on a set of 971 labeled wafers and their corresponding 56 ranked test signals, providing similar conclusions as the visually ranking method performed by the test engineers.
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3,823
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Please write an abstract with title: A Self-Heating-Followed Non-Uniformity Calibration Circuit for Silicon Diode Uncooled IRFPA, and key words: Power demand, Costs, Voltage, Capacitance, CMOS technology, Silicon, Generators. Abstract: This paper presents a self-heating-followed non-uniformity calibration (NUC) circuit for silicon diode uncooled infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA). The proposed NUC voltage generator provides larger charge/discharge current to the successive capacitance load without increasing power consumption. The proposed NUC circuit achieves smaller settling time and lower noise, which improves the accuracy of the calibration process. For verification, a 6-bit NUC circuit for 640×480 silicon diode uncooled IRFPA has been designed in the 0.18μm CMOS technology. When driving a total capacitance load of 40nF, the settling time, output-referred RMS noise and power consumption of the NUC circuit is 7.74μs, 0.364μV, 2.4mW, respectively.
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3,824
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Please write an abstract with title: Swing up Control of a Soft Inverted Pendulum with Revolute Base, and key words: Simulation, Conferences, Switches, Soft robotics, Control systems, Energy states. Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a novel soft robotic system, which is a soft inverted pendulum with a revolute joint at the base. This is an underactuated system as the revolute joint is not actuated. The soft body is hypothesized to be of constant curvature and it is actuated. Motivated by swing up controllers for classical underactuated systems, a switching based swing up and stabilization control of the proposed soft robot system is studied. We demonstrate that the swing up control guides the soft robot to the desired energy level, which is the upright position. Once the swing up is completed, the control is switched to an LQR controller to achieve the stabilization at the vertically upright pose. The switching occurs when the swing up control brings the robot inside the region of attraction for the LQR controller. The simulation results are depicted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach for the soft inverted pendulum system.
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3,825
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Please write an abstract with title: The 32b computer execution unit, and key words: Decoding, Clocks, Delay, Registers, Arithmetic, Logic circuits, Programmable logic arrays, Packaging, Sockets, Data handling. Abstract: This report will describe a 335-mil square chip that accepts, decodes and executes continuous stream of microinstructions received from microinstruction sequencer in basic computer.
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3,826
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Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid CMOS/Molecular Electronic Circuits, and key words: Molecular electronics, Circuits, CMOS technology, Nanobioscience, Silicon, CMOS process, Electronics industry, Pulp manufacturing, Costs, Quantum dots. Abstract: CMOS silicon technologies are likely to run out of steam in the next 10-15 years despite revolutionary advances in the past few decades. Molecular and other nano-scale technologies show significant promise but it is unlikely that they will completely replace CMOS, at least in the near term. This paper explores opportunities for CMOS and nanotechnologies to enhance and complement each other in hybrid circuits, in order to sustain the historical advances in the semiconductor industry while addressing manufacturability, yield, power, cost and performance challenges.
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3,827
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Please write an abstract with title: Reference current computation methods for active power filters: accuracy assessment in the frequency domain, and key words: Active filters, Frequency domain analysis, Power harmonic filters, Power system harmonics, Voltage, Power filters, Power electronics, Pulse power systems, Passive filters, Steady-state. Abstract: This paper focuses on the steady-state response of existing methods for computing the reference current of active power filters. For each class of methods, the main source of discrepancy between the load harmonic current and the computed reference current is identified and the frequency spectrum of the resulting error is analytically determined. Although this topic has been partially addressed in previous publications, the proposed frequency-domain approach provides valuable qualitative information about how the errors are produced and distributed, which is masked when the analysis is carried out in the time domain. First, the frequency-domain formulation is separately presented for each method. Then, a comparison of the resulting errors is performed on a case study. Finally, some experimental results are given to validate the proposed frequency-domain analysis.
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3,828
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Please write an abstract with title: Ultra-Compact Coupling Structures for Heterogeneously Integrated Silicon Lasers, and key words: Optical waveguides, Silicon, Strips, Couplings, Scattering, Couplers, Waveguide lasers. Abstract: Heterogeneous integration of III-V lasers on Silicon on Insulator (SOI) is crucial for next-generation optical interconnects. However, reducing the footprint of the couplers between III-V laser sources and silicon chips has been a challenge for dense photonic integrated circuit (PIC). Here, we propose a slot coupler and a bridge-SWG coupler with coupling lengths of only 5.5 and 5 μm respectively, to heterogeneously integrate III-V lasers on silicon chips. For such compact coupling structures, they also show high coupling efficiencies. At the wavelength of 1550 nm, the coupling efficiencies of the fundamental TE mode can reach 93.7% and 95.5% for the slot coupler and the bridge-SWG coupler, respectively. Moreover, these coupling structures possess excellent fabrication tolerance. In addition, we optimize the taper adiabatic coupler with a total coupling length of only 4 μm.
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3,829
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Please write an abstract with title: Strategies for enabling software reuse within the Earth Science Community, and key words: Geoscience, Software reusability, Productivity, NASA, Costs, Programming, Data systems, Software maintenance, Space missions, Software performance. Abstract: The Earth Sciences software development community is often challenged to provide cost effective, highly reliable and easy-to-use software to achieve scientific missions. In the process, the NASA Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) spends a significant amount of resources developing software components and other software development artifacts that may also be of value if reused in other projects requiring similar functionality. A recent study performed under the NASA's Strategic Evolution of ESE Data Systems (SEEDS) initiative suggests that reuse of ESE software can drive down the cost and time of system development, increase flexibility and responsiveness of these systems to new technologies and requirements; and increase effective and accountable community participation. In 2004, the Earth Science Software Reuse Working Group was created to oversee the development of a process that maximizes the reuse potential of existing software components while recommending strategies for maximizing the reusability potential of yet-to-be-designed components.
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3,830
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Please write an abstract with title: A Voltage-Zone Based Power Management Scheme With Seamless Power Transfer Between PV-Battery for OFF-Grid Stand-Alone System, and key words: Batteries, Voltage control, Buck converters, Power system management, Switches, Photovoltaic systems. Abstract: There is a requirement for a simple solution that provides seamless power management control and eliminates the issue of toggling between different operating modes in the stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) battery based hybrid system. The solution for the same is given in this article that uses a simple voltage control strategy. The given solution uses a voltage band technique for eliminating the toggling between charging and discharging modes. Further, the toggling between intermediate PV mode with charging and discharging mode is eliminated using the inner voltage band. Thus, the proposed control strategy provides a smooth and seamless control between different modes based on load voltage information. It avoids the overlap of charging and discharging modes within the switching cycle to improve the life-span of the battery. Also, the given control strategy does not require the power information and complex computations like division, etc., for its operation. The given solution can be easily implemented on any PV-battery-based hybrid system having independent control for charging and discharging of the battery with maximum power point tracking (MPPT). A simulation was done to verify the operation in various modes using seamless control. The simulation results are further justified with experimental results from the developed lab prototype.
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3,831
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Overlapping Community Detection Based on Density Peak Clustering in Heterogeneous Networks, and key words: Semantics, Information representation, Signal processing, Heterogeneous networks, Stability analysis. Abstract: To solve the problem of finding overlapping communities in heterogeneous networks, this paper proposes a model for finding overlapping communities in heterogeneous networks based on density peak clustering. The model improves the heterogeneous graph attention network, which fully mines for the important information of nodes and meta-paths in information representation from the node level and the semantic level attention mechanisms and performs hierarchical aggregation to obtain heterogeneous graph embedding vectors. It combines the heterogeneous graph attention network with density peak clustering and calculates node density and relative distance through the heterogeneous graph embedding vector to divide community center nodes. Then it also uses the weight information of the node-level attention mechanism to generate a community membership matrix. The experimental results on real datasets show that the model can utilize the diversity of heterogeneous network node information to discover overlapping communities with good stability and accuracy.
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3,832
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Please write an abstract with title: Blockchain Based Spectrum Sensing: A Game-Driven Behavior Strategy, and key words: Smart contracts, Blockchain, Games, Sensors, Security, Reliability, Task analysis. Abstract: Spectrum sensing is an important step of Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA). However, the existing sensing technology are limited by the scarcity of sensing nodes, the narrow sensing range, and the security issues. In this paper, Crowd Sensing (CS) is used to collect sensed data with a large number of mobile devices equipped with sensors to ensure reliability and sensing range. In order to solve single point of failure caused by the vulnerability of the cluster in CS, we used the characteristics of blockchain (i.e. de-centralization and de-trust) to ensure the security and correctness of the spectrum trading process. Specifically, a Blockchain Based Spectrum Sensing (BBSS) system is proposed, in which requester recruit sensing workers to involve in spectrum sensing, sensing workers obtain benefits by participating in spectrum sensing and miner verifies and packages transactions into the blockchain. In particular, the recruitment and sensing worker's response is modeled as a Reward-Sensing-time game, and the strategy of requester is the total reward R, and the strategy of sensing worker is the sensing time t. We proved that both of them can adopt strategies to maximize their own benefits. Simulation results show that requester benefit increases with the growing number of sensing workers, but the amplification is smaller and smaller. A certain sensing worker who adopted strategy can achieve larger benefit compared with random allocation of sensing time when the number of sensing workers is smaller (less than 500) in the system.
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3,833
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Please write an abstract with title: Offline Signature Verification in Reconstructed Space, and key words: Training, Handwriting recognition, Biometrics (access control), Databases, Instruments, Image edge detection, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: Biometrics offers a reliable routine to uniquely recognize individuals using their physical and/or behavioral characteristics. One of the widely used behavioral biometric for a person's unique verification is signature. It is widely used as a means of authenticating a person in financial and business applications. We have proposed an efficient methodology for offline signature verification by reconstructing image space utilizing the principles of nonlinear dynamics. The performance judgment of the proposed system model is specified using public datasets such as CEDAR, and MCYT-75. The obtained outcomes are further compared against the state of the art techniques attaining acceptable results.
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3,834
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Please write an abstract with title: Closed-loop Stability Analysis of DC / DC Converter with Input Filter, and key words: Integrated circuit modeling, Prototypes, Inductance, Capacitance, Switches, Stability analysis, Matrix converters. Abstract: In this paper, a buck-boost converter is used as the satellite power controller. In order to realize the MPPT loop's sampling the converter input current in buck mode, an LC input filter is added to the converter input. Taking a prototype with a rated power of 500W as an example, the dynamic modeling of the buck-boost converter and the design of the compensation network parameters are first performed, and based on Middle Brook's Extra Element Theorem, a comparative analysis of the influence of the addition of the undamped input filter and Rf-Lb parallel damped input filter to the closed-loop converter on the stability is conducted. The analysis shows that the introduction of Rf-Lb parallel damped input filter can not only achieve the filtering effect on the input current of the converter in buck mode, but also the Rf-Lb damping circuit can well suppress and absorb the resonance energy.
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3,835
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Please write an abstract with title: VecRoad: Point-Based Iterative Graph Exploration for Road Graphs Extraction, and key words: Roads, Junctions, Image segmentation, Training, Neural networks, Gaussian distribution, Iterative methods. Abstract: Extracting road graphs from aerial images automatically is more efficient and costs less than from field acquisition. This can be done by a post-processing step that vectorizes road segmentation predicted by CNN, but imperfect predictions will result in road graphs with low connectivity. On the other hand, iterative next move exploration could construct road graphs with better road connectivity, but often focuses on local information and does not provide precise alignment with the real road. To enhance the road connectivity while maintaining the precise alignment between the graph and real road, we propose a point-based iterative graph exploration scheme with segmentation-cues guidance and flexible steps. In our approach, we represent the location of the next move as a 'point' that unifies the representation of multiple constraints such as the direction and step size in each moving step. Information cues such as road segmentation and road junctions are jointly detected and utilized to guide the next move and achieve better alignment of roads. We demonstrate that our proposed method has a considerable improvement over state-of-the-art road graph extraction methods in terms of F-measure and road connectivity metrics on common datasets.
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3,836
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Please write an abstract with title: A New Cyber-Alliance of Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Blockchain, and Edge Computing, and key words: Industries, Computer security, Standardization, Blockchains, Safety, Internet of Things, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: The world is witnessing an accelerated large-scale technology adoption with transformative effects on day-to-day operations, with many industries now depending on machine-controlled processes. These technologies include blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and edge computing (EC). Although a lot of resources have been used to secure these technologies, persistent cyber threats result in major drawbacks, and applications must be designed with utmost precaution considering threats against known and unknown vulnerabilities. However, the vulnerabilities do not apply equally across all four technologies, and research shows that weaknesses in one platform can potentially be overcome by converging two or more. While blockchain offers enhanced distributed security, AI offers efficiency on blockchain ledgers, IoT provides much-needed data input to AI, and EC provides all platforms with reduced latency. Traditionally, these have been implemented in silos or perhaps in combinations of two. This article explores the possibility of addressing cybersecurity concerns through a complete alliance of the four technologies. We examine the correlation and expediency of integrating blockchain, AI, IoT, and EC, and how the consolidation could provide new levels of cyber safety.
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3,837
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Please write an abstract with title: A hybrid position/force control approach for identification of deformation models of skin and underlying tissues, and key words: Force control, Deformable models, Skin, Robots, Surgery, Mathematical model, Lubrication, Robotics and automation, Automatic control, Friction. Abstract: In this paper, the focus is on the design of two biomechanical models representing the skin as well as the underlying tissues behavior and properties during a robotized harvesting process. The first model is quasi-static (i.e., without considering velocity) in the pressure direction of the tool: it is principally issued from the work of d'Aulignac et al. and some interesting properties are exhibited from it. The second model is new and takes into account velocity and lubrication in the motion direction of the tool. The goal of this study is to improve skin harvesting process in robotized reconstructive surgery, by automatically selecting the force applied on the donor area and tuning the gain factors of the control law prior to harvesting. It requires extracting relevant parameters such as skin thickness and stiffness, friction coefficient, etc. that characterize the biomechanical properties of the skin and underlying tissues of each patient and of different harvesting surfaces on a given patient (thigh, skull, buttocks, ...). Due to the surgical constraint, the in vivo procedure should be performed in the operating room before starting the operation with the robot itself thanks to a suitable hybrid position/force controller. A survey about soft tissue modeling is presented. Mathematical models are discussed along with identification protocols, and two models are chosen that meet our requirements. Finally, experimental results are presented on foam and human skin.
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3,838
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Please write an abstract with title: Gap-type conductors: influence of high temperature in the compression clamp systems, and key words: Conductors, Temperature, Clamps, Power engineering and energy, Safety, Intelligent networks, Power transmission, Security, Software tools, Design automation. Abstract: The unstoppable rise in electricity demand is causing the saturation of the power transmission network to such an extent that supply problems are arising in some areas due to overheated conductors sagging above security distance limits. An approach to solve this problem is the replacement of actual conductors by new conductors with high temperature and low sag characteristics. This type of conductors is able to transmit more power than traditional ACSR conductors, as they can work at higher temperatures while keeping their sag under actual security margins. However, the higher temperature in the conductors can affect the correct performance of the traditional clamps. To develop an analysis on this subject software tools have been used, consisting on CAD programs for the design and modeling of the clamps and FEM programs for the simulation of the models. This work shows the results of the study describing the characteristics of the simulation.
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3,839
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Please write an abstract with title: On Inadequacy of Sequential Design of Experiments for Performance-Driven Surrogate Modeling of Antenna Input Characteristics, and key words: Antennas, Numerical models, Optimization, Geometry, Training data, Reliability, Data models. Abstract: Design of contemporary antennas necessarily involves electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools. Their employment is imperative to ensure evaluation reliability but also to carry out the design process itself, especially, the adjustment of antenna dimensions. For the latter, traditionally used parameter sweeping is more and more often replaced by rigorous numerical optimization, which entails considerable computational expenses, sometimes prohibitive. A potentially attractive way of expediting the simulation-based design procedures is the replacement of expensive EM analysis by fast surrogate models (or metamodels). Unfortunately, due to the curse of dimensionality and considerable nonlinearity of antenna characteristics, applicability of conventional modeling methods is limited to structures described by small numbers of parameters within narrow ranges thereof. A recently proposed nested kriging technique works around these issues by allocating the surrogate model domain within the regions containing designs that are of high quality with respect to the selected performance figures. This paper investigates whether sequential design of experiments (DoE) is capable of enhancing the modeling accuracy over one-shot space-filling data sampling originally implemented in the nested kriging framework. Numerical verification carried out for two microstrip antennas indicates that no noticeable benefits can be achieved, which contradicts the common-sense expectations. This result can be explained by a particular geometry of the confined domain of the performance-driven surrogate. As this set consists of nearly-optimum designs, the average nonlinearity of the antenna responses therein is almost location independent, therefore optimum training data allocation should be close to uniform. This is indeed corroborated by our experiments.
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3,840
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Frame Slotted ALOHA Algorithm Based on BP Neural Network, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Simulation, Neural networks, Estimation, System integration, Prediction algorithms, Radiofrequency identification. Abstract: In recent years, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is more widely utilized around varieties of industries. When dealing with a large amount of labels, RFID system often encounters serious collisions due to the label response, resulting in the problem of low reading efficiency. The key to solve this problem is the speed and accuracy of label number estimation algorithm. Based on the analysis of the traditional algorithm, a new label quantity estimation algorithm is proposed, which applies the BP neural network to establish the mapping relationship between the last frame read and the number of remaining labels in the reader. The simulation results prove that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the time consumption and improve the system efficiency compared with the traditional algorithms.
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3,841
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Please write an abstract with title: Optical Cable Path Planning Algorithm Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Integrated optics, Solid modeling, Reinforcement learning, Search problems, Feature extraction, Path planning, Power grids. Abstract: Traditional automatic path planning algorithm has the problem of missing data of optical cable vector length, which leads to the slow search speed of the algorithm. Combined with the actual withstand voltage level of power grid, the best path structure information features are extracted, the complex object input module is established, the optical cable vector length database is generated by using the random forest principle, and the three-dimensional import model of optical cable line is constructed to describe the tightness between nodes and adjacent nodes, query the actual physical path of nodes, and set the path automatic planning mode based on deep reinforcement learning. Experimental results: the average search speed of the two existing automatic path planning algorithms and the designed automatic path planning algorithm is 23.224m/s, 19.978m/s, 12.105m/s respectively, which proves that the automatic path planning algorithm combined with deep reinforcement learning has good application effect.
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3,842
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Please write an abstract with title: Features of a probabilistic model of intracardiac electrical activity during atrial fibrillation, and key words: Analytical models, Biological system modeling, Atrial fibrillation, Probabilistic logic, Nervous system, Stability analysis, Regulation. Abstract: Electrophysiological models of the heart, developed and studied to date, show the presence of many discrete events in time, leading to the propagation of electrical activity signals and allowing synchronizing (normally) the work of all parts of the heart. When considering models of heart rhythm management, at least two main levels can be distinguished: intra- and extracardiac. Each of these levels can also be divided into several sublevels. Intracardiac effects that regulate heart rate include the myogenic, intercellular, intracardiac nervous system and the effects of intracardiac humoral factors (produced in the heart itself). Extracardiac effects include neuroreflex and general humoral regulation of cardiac activity. Probabilistic models of the processes of cardiac activity are mainly used to describe heart rate variability at an extracardiac level. At the same time, probabilistic models were practically not used for the processes underlying the automatism of the heart at the intracardiac level. A probabilistic model of heart rate dynamics is proposed based on the concept of heart contraction because of the influence of many hierarchical random events. The results of the probabilistic modeling presented in the work are in good agreement with the well-known bioelectric models that describe the dynamics of intracardiac activity and make it possible to use a sequence of RR durations (for example, a rhythmogram and a pulsogram) to detect various latent cardiac abnormalities, in particular, atrial fibrillation.
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3,843
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Please write an abstract with title: Improvement of ozone yield by multi-discharge ozonizer using superposition of silent discharge plasma, and key words: Electrodes, Fault location, Cleaning, Glass, Strips, Nuclear and plasma sciences, Computer science, Production, Plasma properties, Space charge. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. The efficiency of ozonizer using silent discharge plasma is very low compare with the theoretical value. Therefore, many researches have been carried out in order to improve the efficiency of ozonizers. But we cannot expect to improve the efficiency without changing the process of ozone generation. To improve the ozone yield, a new type of multi-discharge ozonizer is proposed that it can be consisted with three kinds of superposed silent discharge type ozonizer in accordance with applying method of power source which has 180 degree phase difference. A superposed discharge type ozonizer is equipped with three electrodes (the central, internal and external electrodes), and it is composed of two discharge spaces( discharge space between central electrode and internal electrode, discharge space between internal electrode and external electrode). Ozone is generated by overlapping of each superposed discharge type ozonizer, which silent discharge plasma come from two discharge spaces respectively.
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3,844
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and Application of Virtual Avatar Framework Based on E-commerce Live Streaming, and key words: Avatars, Mouth, Ubiquitous computing, Market research, Electronic commerce, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: With the rapid development of live streaming services, enterprises, as well as online celebrities, are increasingly in demand for 24-hour live streaming support to engage a broader audience. However, no person can broadcast twenty-four hours a day for a long period of time. Therefore, the virtual avatar is proposed to replace the real avatar for streaming. Based on the new thinking on the use scene of digital human, this paper designs a virtual avatar called Miebo. Through a series of experiments, it is found that the parameters that can produce the most effect on Miebo's emotion of “Sadness”, “Happiness”, “Surprise” and “Anger” is “Upset”, “Grin mouth”, “Open mouth big” and “Eyes closed” respectively, and the presentation results of Miebo's facial expression are optimized according to the experimental analysis. We also present a set of highly feasible virtual avatar application schemes and develop a special platform for virtual avatar design called “Virtualfull”, which allows ordinary users could create their own virtual avatars.
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3,845
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Please write an abstract with title: Structural controllability of multiinput linear systems, and key words: Controllability, Linear systems, Control systems, Time invariant systems, Digital control, Digital systems, Laboratories. Abstract: This paper extends the results of Lin on structural controllability of single-input linear systems to multiinput linear systems. An interesting byproduct of this extension is an application of generic analysis to the determination of the rank of a structured matrix. The algorithm for computing generic rank is applicable to various problems other than the controllability problem studied here.
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3,846
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Please write an abstract with title: Attentive Item2vec: Neural Attentive User Representations, and key words: Conferences, Collaboration, Signal processing, Motion pictures, Acoustics, Speech processing, Recommender systems. Abstract: Factorization methods for recommender systems tend to represent users as a single latent vector. However, user behavior and interests may change in the context of the recommendations that are presented to the user. For example, in the case of movie recommendations, it is usually true that earlier user data is less informative than more recent data. However, it is possible that a certain early movie may become suddenly more relevant in the presence of a popular sequel movie. This is just a single example of a variety of possible dynamically altering user interests in the presence of a potential new recommendation. In this work, we present Attentive Item2vec (AI2V) - a novel attentive version of Item2vec (I2V). AI2V employs a context-target attention mechanism in order to learn and capture different characteristics of user historical behavior (context) with respect to a potential recommended item (target). The attentive context-target mechanism enables a final neural attentive user representation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of AI2V on several datasets, where it is shown to outperform other baselines.
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3,847
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Please write an abstract with title: Feedback increases neither the fading number nor the pre-log, and key words: Feedback, Fading, Entropy, Channel capacity, Signal to noise ratio, H infinity control, Transmitters, Additive noise, Gaussian processes, Signal processing. Abstract: The feedback capacity of a single-input single-output fading channel with memory is investigated. It is shown that, asymptotically, as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) tends to infinity, noiseless feedback does not increase capacity. More specifically, for finite-energy stationary and ergodic fading processes that are regular (i.e., that have a finite differential entropy rate), feedback does not increase the fading number; and, for Gaussian fading processes that are non-regular, feedback does not increase the pre-log.
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3,848
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Please write an abstract with title: Global Shallow Groundwater Patterns From Soil Moisture Satellite Retrievals, and key words: Soil moisture, Atmospheric modeling, Soil, Biological system modeling, Spatial resolution, Moisture, Meteorology. Abstract: Groundwater is the most significant freshwater source and plays a critical role in the earth's water and energy balance. The lack of groundwater observations with a high spatiotemporal resolution at a global scale hinders our ability to study and model the environment when shallow groundwater has a direct impact on surface soil moisture. This study aims to estimate the spatial and temporal distributions of shallow groundwater-influenced areas at a global scale. We trained an ensemble machine learning algorithm, using outputs from a variably saturated soil moisture flux model, to identify the shallow groundwater occurrence. Model simulations spanned various climate zones and soil types across the globe. The overall accuracy of the algorithm in reproducing the soil moisture flux model results was 95.5%. We applied the algorithm to spaceborne soil moisture observations retrieved by NASA's SMAP satellite and present a global-scale shallow groundwater map derived from the SMAP observations. The derived global distribution of shallow groundwater identifies wetlands, large riparian corridors, and seasonally inundated lowlands. The results showed that 19% of terrestrial land cover had been influenced by shallow groundwater at some point in time during the period of interest (2015–2018). Temporally, shallow groundwater follows an annual cyclic pattern with 2% to 6% of the land surface being influenced globally. This study shows that SMAP observations could be used in estimating shallow groundwater in high spatiotemporal resolution at a global scale, potentially providing invaluable inputs for modeling and environmental monitoring studies.
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3,849
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of two-dimensional nonuniform fast Fourier transform (2-D NUFFT) technique to analysis of shielded microstrip circuits, and key words: Fast Fourier transforms, Two dimensional displays, Microstrip, Conductors, Circuit analysis, Fourier transforms, Current density, Moment methods, Transmission line matrix methods, Green's function methods. Abstract: A two-dimensional nonuniform fast Fourier transform (2-D NUFFT) technique is developed for analysis of microstrip circuits in a rectangular enclosure. The 2-D Fourier transform of a nongrid point is approximated by Fourier bases in a square neighborhood with (q+1) by (q+1) grid points. The square neighborhood can be reduced to an octagonal region with q/sup 2//2+3q+1 grid points without sacrificing accuracy if q is sufficiently large. This technique allows an arbitrary discretization scheme on conductors and shows a great flexibility for the analysis. Asymmetric rooftop functions are inevitably used to expand surface current densities on conductors. Based on the spectral-domain approach, all elements of the final method-of-moments matrix are double summations of products of a weighted Green's function and trigonometric functions. By using the proposed technique, the double summations at all sampled points can be obtained via the 2-D NUFFT. The scattering parameters of a compact miniaturized hairpin resonator, an interdigital capacitor, and a wide-band filter are calculated. The calculated results show good agreement with measurements.
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3,850
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Please write an abstract with title: Advanced Biomedical Laboratory (ABL) Synergy With Communication, Robotics, and IoT, and key words: Machine Vision, Sensor Fusion, Temporal Tracking, Classification, Detection, Automation, Mechatronics. Abstract: Commercialization, development, and implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices are accelerating. Developing low-cost, wireless, and wired devices that can communicate and sense has drastically improved all areas, including medical, manufacturing, transportation, home & office, military, and commercial. IoT notions provide numerous benefits, including enhancing logistics, monitoring, and autonomous actuation control. Thus, opening the door for more timely medical assistance in medical practices and preparation in chemical, biological, and biomedical laboratories. This paper introduces a strategy to develop an automated biomedical laboratory using IoT concepts and devices. The article presents distributed automation for individual components and a centralized directive for the autonomous assembly of various designs.
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3,851
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Please write an abstract with title: Computing Sum of Sources over a Classical-Quantum MAC, and key words: Sufficient conditions, Buildings, Encoding, Decoding. Abstract: We consider the problem of communicating a general bivariate function of two classical sources observed at the encoders of a classical-quantum multiple access channel. Building on the techniques developed for the case of a classical channel, we propose and analyze a coding scheme based on coset codes. The proposed technique enables the decoder recover the desired function without recovering the sources themselves. We derive a new set of sufficient conditions that are weaker than the current known for identified examples. This work is based on a new ensemble of coset codes that are proven to achieve the capacity of a classical-quantum point-to-point channel.
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3,852
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Please write an abstract with title: Modeling, Optimization and Performance Analysis of Different Chemical and Biochemical sensors for Distinct Analytes, and key words: Fabrication, Q-factor, Impurities, Simulation, Proximity effects, Photonic crystals, Sensors. Abstract: In this article, modeling of photonic crystal based ring resonator for the detection of the various constituents/impurities in the sample has been proposed. The model exhibits a high Q factor and high selectivity for sensing different impurities. The parameters of the design are optimized through FDTD for sensing the impurities in the sample based on its distinct refractive indices. The performance of the device has been evaluated and discussed briefly in the article. The device has explored the possibility of highly selective label-free sensing for lab-on-chip applications.
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3,853
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Please write an abstract with title: Aeroelastic Model of a Morphing Wing for Control Design and Optimization, and key words: Solid modeling, Analytical models, Strips, Computational modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Aerospace electronics, Aerodynamics. Abstract: Two dimensional unsteady aerodynamic model in time domain is derived using approximated Wagner function. Strip theory is used to obtain three dimensional aeroelastic model of high aspect ratio morphing wing in state space form. Several simulations are performed to demonstrate the model properties including flutter analysis and influence of longitudinal maneuver on the wing. Aim of this paper is to obtain a aeoroelastic model of a wing that will be used for design and optimization of control strategies.
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3,854
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Please write an abstract with title: Lightpath Re-optimization in mesh optical networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Optical fiber networks, Signal restoration, Protection, Telecommunication traffic, Bandwidth, Mesh networks, Optical switches, Routing, Wavelength division multiplexing. Abstract: Intelligent mesh optical networks deployed today offer unparalleled capacity, flexibility, availability, and, inevitably, new challenges to master all these qualities in the most efficient and practical manner. More specifically, demands are routed according to the state of the network available at the moment. As the network and the traffic evolve, the lightpaths of the existing demands becomes sub-optimal. In this paper we study two algorithms to re-optimize lightpaths in resilient mesh optical networks. One is a complete re-optimization algorithm that re-routes both primary and backup paths, and the second is a partial re-optimization algorithm that re-routes the backup paths only. We show that on average, these algorithms allow bandwidth savings of 3% to 5% of the total capacity in scenarios where the backup path only is re-routed, and substantially larger bandwidth savings when both the working and backup paths are re-routed. We also prove that trying all possible demand permutations with an online algorithm does not guarantee optimality, and in certain cases does not achieve it, while for the same scenario optimality is achieved through re-optimization. This observation motivates the needs for a re-optimization approach that does not just simply look at different sequences, and we propose and experiment with such an approach. Re-optimization has actually been performed in a nationwide live optical mesh network and the resulting savings are reported in this paper, validating reality and the usefulness of re-optimization in real networks.
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3,855
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Please write an abstract with title: Sense of Presence in MaxWhere Virtual Reality, and key words: Navigation, Virtual environments, Three-dimensional displays, Aerospace electronics, Education, Software. Abstract: Presence is a psychological phenomenon, the sense of being in a virtual environment. Experiencing presence is not limited to the users of full immersive virtual realities, but it can be experienced also in desktop virtual realities. These VRs visualize the simulated 3D environment on two-dimensional displays. MaxWhere is a desktop virtual environment for education, learning and working. It can be described as a 3D browser because any web-page could be loaded on the predefined SmartBoards of the virtual space. Already many research has been done on the use of this software, but this is the first time when the sense of presence is considered. The study aimed to measure the sense of presence in MaxWhere virtual reality and investigate its relationship with individual navigational experience and prior knowledge of the VR. Navigational experience is how much the user feels natural and automatic the movements in the virtual space. The results showed that better navigational experience correlates with stronger sense of spatial presence. Furthermore, the more experienced users reported higher sense of presence and gave higher rating on experienced realism subscale.
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3,856
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Please write an abstract with title: Electrical characterization of low-density solid insulating fillers for hollow-core composite insulators, and key words: Human computer interaction, Electric breakdown, Syntactics, Insulators, Solids, Polymers, Permittivity. Abstract: Insulating materials that can fill the internal space of hollow-core composite insulators (HCIs) are gaining relevance due to the new areas of applications of these insulators. Such materials must be light and have sufficient electrical properties to preserve the integrity of the inner room of the HCIs. The electrical properties of a light polymeric foam, known as dry syntactic foam (DSF), which is based on two types of hollow microspheres (HMSs), were investigated. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of the density of the resulting material regarding the electrical properties. The results show that the dissipation factor and the relative permittivity have a proportional relationship with the density. Furthermore, two main properties, namely the number of interfaces and the pore size are found to influence the breakdown strength of the DSF.
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3,857
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Please write an abstract with title: Using Simulated Training Data of Voxel-Level Generative Models to Improve 3D Neuron Reconstruction, and key words: Neurons, Image segmentation, Data models, Image reconstruction, Training data, Training, Microscopy. Abstract: Reconstructing neuron morphologies from fluorescence microscope images plays a critical role in neuroscience studies. It relies on image segmentation to produce initial masks either for further processing or final results to represent neuronal morphologies. This has been a challenging step due to the variation and complexity of noisy intensity patterns in neuron images acquired from microscopes. Whereas progresses in deep learning have brought the goal of accurate segmentation much closer to reality, creating training data for producing powerful neural networks is often laborious. To overcome the difficulty of obtaining a vast number of annotated data, we propose a novel strategy of using two-stage generative models to simulate training data with voxel-level labels. Trained upon unlabeled data by optimizing a novel objective function of preserving predefined labels, the models are able to synthesize realistic 3D images with underlying voxel labels. We showed that these synthetic images could train segmentation networks to obtain even better performance than manually labeled data. To demonstrate an immediate impact of our work, we further showed that segmentation results produced by networks trained upon synthetic data could be used to improve existing neuron reconstruction methods.
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3,858
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Please write an abstract with title: FFT-accelerated iterative MIMO chip equalizer architecture for CDMA downlink, and key words: MIMO, Equalizers, Multiaccess communication, Downlink, Character generation, Time domain analysis, Acceleration, Convolution, Numerical simulation, Numerical stability. Abstract: In this paper, we present a novel FFT-accelerated iterative linear MMSE chip equalizer in the MIMO CDMA downlink receiver. The reversed form time-domain matrix multiplication in the conjugate gradient (CG) iteration is accelerated by an equivalent frequency-domain circular convolution with FFT-based "overlap-save" architecture. The iteration rapidly refines a crude initial approximation to the actual final equalizer taps. This avoids the direct-matrix-inverse with O((NL)/sup 3/) complexity, and reduces the standard CG complexity from O((NL)/sup 2/) to O(NLlog/sub 2/(NL)). Simulation demonstrates strong numerical stability and promising performance/complexity tradeoff, especially for very long channels.
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3,859
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Please write an abstract with title: The Law of Requisite Variety applied to corporate governance issues, and key words: Power generation economics, Control systems, Costs, Power system management, Environmental economics, Watches, Energy management, Force control, Communication system control, Regulators. Abstract: The Law of Requisite Variety (LRV) is generally accepted as the foundation of control systems design and maintenance, and has been argued to be capable to extension to management in general. If such an extension is valid and useful, then it should be capable of contributing significantly to helping resolve questions that occupy much time in the top boardrooms around the world. Two such issues are addressed within the LRV framework, namely 1non-executive directors as a check on the power of chief executives to abuse their position. 2- An analysis of the general nature of compliance and its costs. It is found that the LRV does have sufficient useful application in both areas to lend some support to its possible status as a basic law of management.
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3,860
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Please write an abstract with title: Suspended microstrip patch resonator sensor for determination of complex dielectric constant of liquid and paste, and key words: Microstrip resonators, Dielectric constant, Dielectric liquids, Dielectric losses, Q factor, Dielectric loss measurement, Permittivity, Dielectric substrates, Loss measurement, Resonance. Abstract: We report a new accurate suspended microstrip patch resonator to determine dielectric constant and loss tangent of petrol, kerosene, Vaseline and wax. Our results shows good agreement with available results. No calibration liquid is used and its use will further improve accuracy.
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3,861
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Please write an abstract with title: Data-Driven Fault Diagnosis of Lithium-Ion Battery Overdischarge in Electric Vehicles, and key words: Batteries, Fault diagnosis, Voltage, Circuit faults, Discharges (electric), Voltage measurement, Data acquisition. Abstract: The overdischarge can significantly degrade a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery's lifetime. Therefore, it is important to detect the overdischarge and prevent severe damage of the Li-ion battery. Depending on the battery technology, there is a minimum voltage (cutoff voltage) that the battery is allowed to be discharged in common practice. Once the battery voltage is below the cutoff voltage, it is considered as overdischarge. However, overdischarge will not lead to immediate failure of the battery, and if it is not detected, the battery voltage can increase above the cutoff voltage during charging process. How to detect an overdischarge has happened, while the current voltage is larger than the cutoff voltage, thus becomes very challenging. In this article, a machine learning based two-layer overdischarge fault diagnosis strategy for Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles is proposed. The first layer is to detect the overdischarge by comparing the battery voltage with cutoff voltage, like what is utilized in common practice. If the battery voltage is larger than the cutoff voltage, the second layer, which is a detection approach based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm, is triggered. The second layer is employed to detect the previous overdischarge. The proposed method is validated by real electric vehicle data.
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3,862
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Please write an abstract with title: What is the Optimal Environment for a Postdoctoral Researcher?, and key words: Technological innovation, Engineering profession, Collaboration, Production, Indexes, Informatics. Abstract: We examine the research papers produced by postdoctoral researchers in reference to their postdoctoral systems. We find a difference among papers where the target postdoctoral researcher is not the first author. In particular, the number of papers in which the first author belongs to other institutes from the target postdoctoral researchers is quite different. Furthermore, coauthored papers correlate with a difference in the H-index of the postdoctoral researchers. This indicates that collaboration during postdoctoral research may affect the future career of those researchers.
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3,863
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Please write an abstract with title: Integrating a Safety Factor into Ampacity Forecasting Models using Quantile Losses, and key words: Training, Systems operation, Neural networks, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Safety, Smart grids. Abstract: The safety and the life span of the electrical network have the highest priority. A safety factor for ampacity predictions is defined by several system operators to avoid overestimations. Applying this, they still have time to react without producing long-term damages of the line in case the forecast is higher than the actual current capacity. An example of a safety factor is the 2% overestimation rate. This article presents and compares two possible solutions to include a safety factor into ampacity forecasting systems. One is a simple bias, which is statistically calculated and then added as a constant to all predictions. The second approach can be applied to machine learning models, since it uses a quantile loss function for training, which has a predefined threshold of overestimations as a quantile. Both solutions are explained using a standard database for ampacity forecasting studies. At the end, the benefits of training based on a quantile loss function get clear, which opens a new experimentation field to get nearer to the requirements of system operators.
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3,864
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Please write an abstract with title: Comparison between analysis and experimental result of iron loss in SRM, and key words: Reluctance motors, Temperature measurement, Loss measurement, Iron, Magnetic hysteresis, Hysteresis motors, Windings. Abstract: Switched reluctance motor is low cost construction and the capable of mass production is attracting attention. However, the motor has a problem that iron loss estimation is difficult. Accurate iron loss evaluation is important to reduce iron loss and to improve efficiency. In this paper, iron loss is evaluated and compared between analysis and experimental result. In addition, the analysis method suitable for SRM is considered. The iron loss analysis results by using a play model are compared with the experimental results and the results also compared with different analysis method.
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3,865
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Cyclic (r, δ) Locally Repairable Codes With r + δ - 1 = (q+1)/4, and key words: Codes, Signal processing. Abstract: Locally repairable codes (LRCs), due to the local erasure-correcting property, have been widely used in distributed storage systems. In this paper, we construct cyclic (r, δ) LRCs ((r, δ) CLRCs) which are optimal according to the Singleton-like bound. The locality of the new CLRCs satisfies that $r + \delta - 1 = \frac{{q + 1}}{4}$. This is different from those of CLRCs obtained by Qian and Zhang in 2020 which are $r + \delta - 1 = q + 1{\text{ and }}r + \delta - 1 = \frac{{q + 1}}{2}$. Then the parameters of our CLRCs are new.
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3,866
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Please write an abstract with title: Switching control for spacecraft body-fixed hovering to tumbling target by using second order sliding mode, and key words: Space vehicles, Uncertain systems, Sufficient conditions, Attitude control, Force, Stability criteria, Switches. Abstract: In consideration of the on/off operational mode of jet thruster, the relative orbit control problem of spacecraft hovering to tumbling target in target’s body-fixed frame is discussed. By utilizing the discontinuous nature of sliding mode control (SMC) method, a second order SMC law is designed to tackle the uncertain system dynamics and external disturbance. Based on the homogeneous criteria of high order sliding mode (HOSM), the sufficient conditions of control parameters are given to guarantee the finite time stability. Finally, numerical simulations about spacecraft hovering to tumbling target are carried out to verify the performance with developed switching control algorithm.
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3,867
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Please write an abstract with title: On the Performance Benefits of Heterogeneous Virtual Network Function Execution Frameworks, and key words: Decision support systems, Firewalls (computing), Knowledge based systems, Switches, Bandwidth, Performance gain, Virtual machining. Abstract: As the adoption of softwarized network functions (NFs) keeps growing, we evaluate the performance benefits of SDN-aware data-plane implementations when compared to diverse acceleration and process-based NFV frameworks. Typical network functions have been implemented using four alternative frameworks scenarios, an SDN-aware software switch (data-plane), a virtual machine (VM), a Data-Plane Development Kit (DPDK) NF, and a containerized NF. Results from our experiments show that the data-plane NF implementation yields much higher bandwidth and packets per second (pps) rates. The bandwidth obtained is 14% more than the user-space scenario while retaining CPU utilization. The DPDK NFs in our evaluation can process packets at a much higher rate for 64B packets, on a single CPU core, which is 7 times higher than the containerized NF implementations, also tied to a single core. Our results also show the performance gains from deploying virtual network functions on heterogeneous frameworks.
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3,868
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Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning & Uncertainty Quantification: Application in Building Energy Consumption, and key words: Energy consumption, Uncertainty, System performance, Random access memory, Machine learning, Prediction methods, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: One of the main tasks in reliability and risk assessment of complex systems is to predict system behavior under uncertainty. Different machine learning (ML) methods can be used to predict system behavior; these methods are able to predict system performance/status in different operating and environmental conditions. In addition to predicting the system's performance, the uncertainty level of the output is important for reliability and risk assessment methods. In this paper, a method for uncertainty quantification of machine learning-based prediction methods is applied on real world data.
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3,869
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Please write an abstract with title: InP based SWIR dual-band photodetector, and key words: Electric potential, Dual band, Photodetectors, III-V semiconductor materials, Indium phosphide, Substrates, Electrooptic effects. Abstract: InP based near infrared/extended-short wave infrared dual band photodetector has been demonstrated. The results show the potential for monolithically growing dual band SWIR photodetector on InP substrate.
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3,870
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Please write an abstract with title: Development of 60 GHz front end circuits for high data rate communication systems in Sweden and Europe, and key words: Circuits, Europe, Gallium arsenide, PHEMTs, MMICs, Frequency, Phase noise, Oscillators, mHEMTs, Energy consumption. Abstract: Recent results from a Swedish program for development of 60 GHz MMICs for high data rate communication links are presented as well as results from similar programs in Europe. A GaAs PHEMT technology has been used for the realization of front-end circuits such as mixers, amplifiers, frequency multipliers, IF-amplifiers with gain-control, and VCOs. The GaAs PHEMT technology proved to give excellent circuit results, with the exception of the VCOs. Different GaAs PHEMT based VCO-topologies such as common gate push-push Colpitt and balanced negative gm, optimized for low phase noise have therefore been studied extensively. The latest results proves that it is possible to design VCOs comparable with the best published HBT-based oscillators. The metamorphic HEMT technology can offer additional advantages such as lower power consumption and InP-HEMT performance at the cost of GaAs. Recent results on 60 GHz amplifiers and mixers based on this technology are presented.
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3,871
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Please write an abstract with title: SER performance of linear multiuser detectors for DS-CDMA downlink with transmitter nonlinear distortions, and key words: Detectors, Multiaccess communication, Downlink, Transmitters, Nonlinear distortion, High power amplifiers, Power system modeling, Gaussian noise, Additive white noise, Decorrelation. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of the nonlinear distortions introduced by the high-power amplifier in the downlink of direct-sequence code-division multiple-access systems. By modeling the nonlinear distortion effects as a signal power loss and a superimposed colored Gaussian noise, we derive the symbol-error rate (SER) of the minimum mean-squared error (mmse) detector in additive white Gaussian noise channels. Successively, we make use of a semianalytical approach to obtain the SER performance of linear multiuser detectors, such as the RAKE, decorrelator, and mmse receiver, in frequency-selective fading channels. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical approach.
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3,872
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Please write an abstract with title: The Visit, and key words: Virtual reality, Three-dimensional displays, Conferences, Real-time systems, Dementia, Art, Production. Abstract: The Visit is an interactive real-time Virtual Reality experience, developed from a ground-breaking research project conducted by artists and psychologists working with women living with dementia. Visitors are invited to sit with Viv, a life-sized, realistic animated character whose dialogue is created largely from verbatim interviews, drawing us into a world of perceptual uncertainty, while at the same time confounding stereotypes and confronting fears about dementia. The character is sensitive to the motions of the viewer, she is aware of the presence in her home by making eye-contact and directly addressing the visitor.The characterisation has scientific validity but also the qualities of a rich, emotion-driven film narrative. The point of the work is to draw the viewer into the emotional/perceptual world of Viv.Like the women who co-created her, Viv experiences various dementia-related symptoms, including hallucinations and confabulation, but she is also insightful and reflective. Viv is living a life and coming to terms with a neurological change.Year: 2019, Format: Screen/VR (Oculus Quest), Running Time: 14 min, Language: English.
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3,873
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Please write an abstract with title: Melanoma Detection using Advanced Deep Neural Network, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Analytical models, Image color analysis, Neural networks, Surgery, Melanoma. Abstract: Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that starts in the cells (melanocytes) that govern the color of your skin. Melanoma is the most lethal one among all other skin diseases and the only reason for 77% deaths due to skin cancer. The best way to reduce these deaths is to detect cancer at its early stages so it can be treated and cured with minor treatment or surgeries. To speed up and improve the process of early detection, we propose an automatic classification method for melanoma cancer using an advanced deep neural network. Deep learning models require a large dataset to work efficiently, but due to limited time and the heavy workload of doctors, there is a lack of annotated skin can-cer images. Therefore, the proposed model introduces adversarial training for achieving better accuracy even with a small amount of data. The model removes unnecessary details and noise from the image and amplifies the depth and gradient in the dimensions and the shade of the image. This proposed adversarial method uses the gradients of the loss with respect to the input image to create a new adversarial example image that maximizes the loss for an input image. The synthetically generated images are used in the classification system for training and testing purposes. A comparative analysis of training with an adversarial approach and without an adversarial approach on different pre-trained models, namely VGG16, VGG19, Densenet121, and Resnet101, is also introduced in this work. ResNet101 with adversarial training has shown a state-of-the-art accuracy performance of 84.77% for melanoma classification. Therefore, the proposed approach can be considered an efficient method for classifying benign and malignant melanoma.
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3,874
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Please write an abstract with title: In-Ear PPG for Vital Signs, and key words: Ear, Sensor placement, Heart rate, Heart rate variability, Irrigation, Arteries, Systematics, Biomedical signal processing, Photoplethysmography. Abstract: Earables are now pervasive, and their established purpose, ergonomy, and noninvasive interaction uncover exciting opportunities for sensing and healthcare research. However, it is critical to understand and characterize sensory measurements’ accuracy in earables impacting healthcare decisions. We report a systematic characterization of in-ear photoplethysmography (PPG) in measuring vital signs: heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), blood oxygen saturation (SpO$_2$2), and respiration rate (RR). We explore in-ear PPG inaccuracies stemming from different sensor placements and motion-induced artifacts. We observe statistically significant differences across sensor placements and between artifact types, with ITC placement showing the lowest intersubject variability. However, our study shows the absolute error climbs up to 29.84, 24.09, 3.28, and 30.80%, respectively, for HR, HRV, SpO$_2$2, and RR during motion activities. Our preliminary results suggest that in-ear PPG is reasonably accurate in detecting vital signs but demands careful mechanical design and signal processing treatment.
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3,875
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Please write an abstract with title: Unidirectional Step-Up DC–DC Converter Based on Interleaved Phases, Coupled Inductors, Built-In Transformer, and Voltage Multiplier Cells, and key words: Voltage, Transformers, Inductors, Topology, DC-DC power converters, Stress, Capacitors. Abstract: This article proposes a unidirectional high step-up dc–dc converter. The study approaches principle of operation, analysis, guide design, and experimental validation. The high-voltage gain is reached using coupled inductors and voltage multiplier cells (VMC). An interleaved structure of two phases is employed to provide a low-current ripple in the input side. The current balance between the phases occurs due to the insertion of a built-in transformer, which also contributes to increasing the voltage gain. The energy from the leakage inductances is reused, reducing voltage spikes across the semiconductors. Additionally, the proposed converter provides an input–output common ground, which is a requirement for many applications. To verify the proposed converter, a 1-kW prototype, 48–800 V, and 16.67 of voltage gain, was designed and tested. The maximum peak efficiency reached was 94.89% and the rated power efficiency was 93.86%.
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3,876
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Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of the effects on the availability and quality of the Water Resource due to anthropic activities in the Racherias River basin (Guajira), and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Solid modeling, Surface discharges, Sodium, Water quality, Solids, Rivers. Abstract: The effects on the quantity and quality of water is a problem of more attention in the world since anthropogenic activities have effects either by catchments or discharges. In the present work, an evaluation of the impact of anthropogenic activities in the Rancheria River basin (Guajira, Colombia) was carried out based on the collection of hydro-climatological information and quality of the water resource, added to the implementation of modeling. The results showed how there is pressure on the Rancheria River both due to this (collections) as well as due to the different discharges (domestic and non-domestic) that lead to water vulnerability or poor water quality in areas of the basin. Additionally, the climate change scenarios showed how in the future the situation could worsen for the communities if decisions are not made, since there will be years of flooding as well as deterioration in the quality of the water resource due to the presence of metals such as lead.
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3,877
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Please write an abstract with title: Envisioning human-robot coordination in future operations, and key words: Robot kinematics, Humans, Automata, Robotics and automation, Collaborative work, Ergonomics, Chemicals, Technological innovation, Design methodology, Teamwork. Abstract: Developers of autonomous capabilities underestimate the need for coordination with human team members when their automata are deployed into complex operational settings. Automata are brittle as literal minded agents and there is a basic asymmetry in coordinative competencies between people and automata. The new capabilities of robotic systems raise new questions about how to support coordination. This paper presents a series of issues that demand innovation to achieve human-robot coordination (HRC). These include supporting people in their roles as problem holder and as robotic handler, overcoming ambiguities in remote perception, avoiding coordination surprises by better tools to see into future robotic activities and contingencies, and responsibility in human-robot teams.
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3,878
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and Analysis of Brushless DC Motors for Ceiling Fan Application, and key words: Fans, Induction motors, Brushless DC motors, Rotors, Permanent magnet motors, Permanent magnets, Finite element analysis. Abstract: Permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor-based ceiling fans offer an efficient option to the widely-used single phase induction motor (SPIM) based ceiling fans. A PMBLDCM ceiling fan special features over a SPIM ceiling fan motor include lower input power consumption for the same air-delivery, higher efficiency, efficient speed control, and smaller form factor. This paper deals with the detailed design procedure of a three-phase exterior rotor permanent magnet brushless DC motor for ceiling fan application. The complete procedure is not yet reported for ceiling fans. The analytical design procedure is more computationally efficient than FEA and provides multiple designs covering a wide variety of objectives faster. Detailed analytical design procedure covering the initial sizing, stator, rotor design, and performance assessment is given for a 16-pole, 35 W, 350 rpm surface mounted PMBLDC motor. The results from the analytical design procedure are then validated using 2D FEA software (ANSYS Maxwell).
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3,879
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Aspect SAR Target Amplitude Scattering Reconstruction Based on Collaborative Filtering Algorithm, and key words: Filtering, C-band, Collaborative filtering, Scattering, Radar imaging, Prediction algorithms, Radar polarimetry. Abstract: Multi-aspect SAR can obtain more backscatter information about the target by observing targets from different azimuths by means of radar. More and more attention has been paid to the analysis of typical target characteristics in SAR scenes. The target characteristics mainly include the anisotropy and isotropy characteristics of the target. In the process of multi-aspect analysis, SAR images from different angles are routinely used to analyze typical targets in the area. In this article, the SAR images of different angles are filled into the matrix for characteristic analysis. Secondly, the full-angle data is a 360-degree coherent image of the scene. For the established matrix, we randomly remove some data to reverse the target characteristics. Calculate the feature matrix under constraint conditions by combining the matrix with the collaborative filtering algorithm, and finally get the predicted value of the missing angle. C-band circular SAR data is used to validate our method.
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3,880
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing the Generation System in a Microgrid with Power, Thermal Energy and Mobility Demands, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Cogeneration, Hydrogen, Fuel cells, Microgrids, Production, Wind turbines. Abstract: Microgrids are widely known to be the future of generation and distribution systems. This paper presents a method to optimize the size of the main components in a microgrid to supply the demands for electricity, heating and hydrogen for mobility through an Energy Hub model. The electricity production from a wind turbine, a CHP and a fuel cell satisfies the local electricity demand. The green hydrogen produced in the hub from renewable power in off-peak hours is used to feed the fuel cell or to meet the mobility demand. The heating power from CHP and fuel cell is used to feed the local district heating network.
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3,881
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Please write an abstract with title: Using the Blockchain as Notary Service for a Local Energy Market, and key words: Climate change, Market research, Memory, Power markets, Blockchains. Abstract: Smart energy supply systems are increasingly in the spotlight to fight climate change. Decentralized local energy markets are one concept of these systems. However, these decentralized markets need a verification mechanism to secure the trading, for example through a notary service. Blockchain is a modem technology that enables the creation of audit-proof applications. In this paper, we analyze how well blockchain can be used as a notary service in a local energy market. We will provide a classification of notary services link them to different data storage methods and demonstrate their application in a local energy market.
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3,882
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Please write an abstract with title: Method of adaptive complex Internet content filtering, and key words: Open area test sites, Communications technology, Two dimensional displays. Abstract: The method of adaptive filtering of Unique Resource Identifiers (URIs) in the complex Internet filtering systems is considered. This method reduces the average request' processing time. The algorithm of the adaptive complex system of filtering unwanted content on the Internet is considered. The mathematical models of determining the total time of processing the input request and calculating the average delay time are considered. The software "Proxy Blocker" that is based on the algorithms that is described in this paper are considered. This software has a better quality of content filtering, and by optimizing the filtration process, it reduces the processing time for user requests. Simulation model of adaptive content filtering processes in the Internet that can quantify the effect of the implementation of adaptive filtering in real systems is considered.
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3,883
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Please write an abstract with title: Recurrent Factorization Machine with Self-Attention for Time-aware Service Recommendation, and key words: Quality of service, Logic gates, Frequency modulation, Throughput, Time factors, Collaboration, Feature extraction. Abstract: With the emergence of a flood of Web services which makes it difficult for users to find suitable services from a series of similar services. How to provide users with personalized services that utilize sequential historical records has become the key issue in service recommendation. In recent years, Factorization Machine(FM) and long Short Term Memory(LSTM) has been proposed for sequential service recommendation. However, FM ignored dynamic long-term dependencies that change over time between users and services. In addition, LSTM has the problem of vanishing gradient and exploding gradient simultaneously. To address this challenges,we proposed a novel model that combined Gated Recurrent Unit with Self-Attention (SAGRU) and Projected Factorization Machine (PFM), namely Recurrent Factorization Machine (RFM) .The new model comes with three innovations: 1) Self-Attention is considered in our model through assigning different weights for service records for extracting an interpretable user-service-time tensor embedding. 2) A bottleneck structure is designed in downstream candidate output for compressing the encoded information and suppressing the noise. 3) Through comprehensive experiments on real-world dataset, it is proved that this method is significantly better than other state-of-the-art time-aware methods in service recommendation.
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3,884
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Please write an abstract with title: On MIMO channel capacity: an intuitive discussion, and key words: MIMO, Channel capacity, Covariance matrix, Receiving antennas, Transmitters, Baseband, Symmetric matrices, Gaussian noise, Channel state information, Mutual information. Abstract: For a general MIMO communication channel, the use of the linear minimum mean-squared-error (LMMSE) estimator followed by the separate substream decoding is not a capacity-wise optimal scheme. In this paper, the author presents analytical computations of the MIMO channel capacity. The article relates the capacity to the covariance matrix of the LMMSE estimate that provides a clear interpretation of the concept of capacity as well some optimal transceiver design schemes that aim to achieve channel capacity.
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3,885
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Please write an abstract with title: Source adaptivity for cardiac sound separation, and key words: Source separation, Heart valves, Blind source separation, Pathology, Kernel, Frequency, Probability density function, Shape, Cardiovascular system, Timing. Abstract: Physiological sounds exhibit a variety of waveforms and hence, their probability density functions (pdf) show a wide variation in their shapes ranging from subGaussian to superGaussian to multimodal. In blind source separation (BSS) applications, where extraction of cardiac sounds from their mixtures is the main objective, assuming a particular density profile for the unknown source signals is almost impossible. In this paper we show that separation of cardiac sounds, from their mixtures, could be improved if online density estimation algorithms are used to estimate the unknown source density near the global optimum of BSS algorithms. Experimental results are included.
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3,886
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Please write an abstract with title: Discrete quadratic solitons in waveguide arrays, and key words: Optical waveguides, Temperature, Optical arrays, Diffraction, Optical waveguide theory, Integrated optics, Nonlinear optics, Optical solitons, Optical propagation, Refractive index. Abstract: Quadratic soliton formation in an array of coupled PPLN channel waveguides was experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The discrete features of the solitons predicted by theory were observed.
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3,887
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Please write an abstract with title: Mobile Robot Navigation Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning with 2D-LiDAR Sensor using Stochastic Approach, and key words: Location awareness, Training, Navigation, Stochastic processes, Training data, Reinforcement learning, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: In recent years, there has been a significant progress in mobile robotics and their applications in different fields. Currently, mobile robots are employed for applications such as service robots for delivery, exploration, mapping, search and rescue, and warehouses. Recent advances in computing efficiency and machine learning algorithms have increased the variations of intelligent robots that can navigate autonomously using sensor data. Particularly, reinforcement learning has recently enjoyed a wide variety of success in controlling the robot motion in an unknown environment. However, most of the reinforcement learning-based navigation gets the path plan with a deterministic method, which results in some errors. Therefore, we present a navigation policy for a mobile robot equipped with a 2D range sensor based on the Proximal Policy Optimization of a stochastic approach. The tested algorithm also includes a stochastic operation, which simplifies the policy network model. We trained a differential drive robot in multiple training environments, and based on such stochastic learning, the training data accumulates faster than before. We tested our algorithm in a virtual environment and present the results of successful planning and navigation for mobile robots.
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3,888
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Please write an abstract with title: Low emittance optics at the photon factory, and key words: Stimulated emission, Production facilities, Magnets, Lattices, Apertures, Particle beam injection, Storage rings, Linear particle accelerator, Damping. Abstract: We successfully reduced the emittance of the Photon Factory storage ring (PF ring) to as low as 28 nm-rad, which is very close to the theoretical minimum (27.3 nm-rad) under the present lattice configuration. The new low emittance optics had been already tried, however, we could not examine it sufficiently because of a poor injection rate. Recently, new kicker magnets developed for the new optics were installed in the ring. Since the injection rate of more than 1 mA/sec became steady, the new optics was fully examined. No difficulty was found up to the stored current of 500 mA. The operation with the new optics for users' experiments will start in near future
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3,889
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Please write an abstract with title: eSign: an enterprise portal for secure document management, and key words: Portals, Digital signatures, Web services, Content management, Identity management systems, Transaction databases, Authentication, Automation, Cryptography, Computer security. Abstract: Many business processes require documents and transactions with trusted signatures. This has been a key issue that blocks enterprises from transforming paper-based business processes into e-business processes. Digital signature and PKI technology make it possible that documents and transactions with the need for signatures can be electronically signed and processed. We describe in this paper the design and implementation of an enterprise portal for secure document management. The portal is a Web-based management system that can be used to, at the enterprise level, streamline document-based business and personal transactions, and securely maintain e-documents in the centralized database. To automate and secure the process of document-based transactions, e.g., filing travel expense reports, the system integrated digital signature and PKI technology for digitally signing and managing documents and forms. Compared to other systems, it is open to various types of user authentication mechanisms, it supports the signing and verification of most document formats, and it provides a Web service endpoint for application integration, aggregation, and automation.
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3,890
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Please write an abstract with title: Channel Modeling and Threshold Signal Processing in Underwater Acoustics: An Analytical Overview, and key words: Acoustic signal processing, Underwater acoustics, Signal analysis, Acoustic signal detection, Acoustic noise, Detectors, Underwater tracking, Acoustic scattering, Fading, Array signal processing. Abstract: An overview of underwater acoustic channel modeling and threshold signal processing is presented, which emphasizes the inhomogeneous, random, and non-Ganssian nature of the generalized channel, combined with appropriate weak-signal detection and estimation. Principal attention is given to the formal structuring of the scattered and ambient acoustic noise fields, as well as that of the desired signal, including both fading and Doppler "smear" phenomena. The role of general receiving arrays is noted, as well as their impact on spatial and temporal signal processing and beam forming, as indicated by various performance measures in detection and estimation. The emphasis here is on limiting optimum threshold systems, with some attention to suboptimum cases. Specific first-order probability density functions (pdf's) for the non-Ganssian components of typical underwater acoustic noise environments are included along with their field covariances. Several examples incorporating these pdf's are given, to illustrate the applications and general methods involved. The fundamental role of the detector structure in determining the associated optimum estimators is noted: the estimators arc specific linear or nonlinear functionals of the original optimum detector algorithm, depending on the criterion (i.e., minimization of the chosen error or cost function) selected. Results for both coherent and incoherent modes of reception are presented, reflecting the fact that frequently signal epoch is not known initially at the receiver. To supplement the general discussion, a selected list of references is included, to provide direct access to specific detailed problems, techniques, and results, for which the present paper is only a guide.
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3,891
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Please write an abstract with title: Development and Modernization of Chamber Type Defroster with Microwave Power up to 12 kW, and key words: Microwave antennas, Productivity, Electromagnetic heating, Magnetrons, Ergonomics, Loading, Fish. Abstract: The need to create chamber-type microwave defrosters with a capacity of up to 400 kg/hour was been shown. The results of domestic chamber microwave defroster DMK-10 upgrading with a microwave power of up to 12 kW are presented. The working chamber of the defroster operates in multimode mode with antenna nodes of microwave power. The installation is powered by four magnetrons magnetron M-176 with a microwave power of up to 3 kW at a frequency of 915 MHz. Upgraded antenna nodes for entering magnetron power are placed in the upper surface of the working chamber and on the back wall under the rotating loading table. This arrangement of antennas are ensures uniformity of product warming. Operation comparison of previously existing and upgraded antennas is given. The performed tuning of the antenna power input nodes allowed us to obtain the values of the VSWR and transition attenuation coefficients between the antennas required for magnetrons operation. The ergonomics of loading meat and fish blocks was improved. The design of upgraded defroster is changed. Studies of the modernized installation operation in the conditions of food industrial production are carried out on the territory of the customers. Experiment show that the operational characteristics of the upgraded defroster correspond to the parameters of the foreign defrosters.
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3,892
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Please write an abstract with title: Design & Simulation of a Compact Multi Band Microstrip Bandpass Filter using C shaped Stub Loaded Resonators, and key words: Band-pass filters, Microstrip filters, Resonator filters, Resonant frequency, WiMAX, Passband, Resonators. Abstract: A compact Stub Loaded Tri-band bandpass filter is presented through this paper. The proposed filter will be able to operate simultaneously at GSM, 3G and WiMAX frequency pass bands. This Bandpass filter is designed utilizing the concept of stub-Loaded resonators (SLR). By appropriately choosing the proper length and width of middle stub, we can shift the resonant frequencies of even mode without affecting any changes to that of the frequencies of the odd mode. This eases the structure and calibration of the Tri-band bandpass filter. Three passbands surrounded by six transmission zeros (TZs) make the pass band groups properly isolated.
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3,893
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Please write an abstract with title: Real-Time Wireless Networked Control Systems with Coding-Free Data Transmission, and key words: Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Actuators, Process control, DH-HEMTs, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: Wireless networked control systems for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) require low latency communication techniques. In this paper, we investigate a coding-free control method to achieve ultra-low latency communications in single-controller-multi-plant networked control systems. We formulate a power allocation problem to optimize the sum cost functions of multiple plants, subject to the plant stabilization condition and the controller's power limit. Although the optimization problem is a non-convex one, we derive a closed-form solution, which indicates that the optimal power allocation policy for stabilizing the plants with different channel conditions is reminiscent of the channel-inversion policy. Also, we numerically compare the performance of the proposed coding-free control method and the conventional coding-based control methods in terms of the cost function of a plant, which shows that the coding-free method is superior in a practical range of SNRs.
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3,894
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Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Algorithm Using Content-Based Filtering Technology in Apache Spark for Big Data Analysis, and key words: Filtering, Computational modeling, Entertainment industry, Cluster computing, Big Data, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Big data has been one of the fastest-growing research areas that many researchers are into, with large amounts of data being uploaded to the internet every minute analyzing this data can benefit businesses and content creators. Big companies are already making good use of customer data and can predict what customers might need and want based on their recent activities. In this paper, I am going to propose a novel algorithm that makes the process of analyzing big data much faster and easier by using content-based filtering on structured data in Apache Spark. We used models such as the classification model to classify the data in relevant categories that we need and find the relationship between days it takes to trend with views then use a predictive model to predict what type of content is good to produce. We used this on an existing realworld dataset and we were able to get good results. The results are encouraging and it proves that this is an improvement over traditional dig data analysis methods that uses unstructured data and deep learning for big data analysis when working on a very big dataset.
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3,895
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Please write an abstract with title: A Light Implementation of a 3D Convolutional Network for Online Gesture Recognition, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Gesture recognition, Hardware, Computational modeling, Solid modeling, Two dimensional displays, Optical flow. Abstract: With the advancement of machine learning techniques and the increased accessibility to computing power, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in image classification and, most recently, in video classification. The possibility of gesture recognition from a video source enables a more natural non-contact human-machine interaction, immersion when interacting in virtual reality environments and can even lead to sign language translation in the near future. However, the techniques utilized in video classification are usually computationally expensive, being prohibitive to conventional hardware. This work aims to study and analyze the applicability of continuous online gesture recognition techniques for embedded systems. This goal is achieved by proposing a new model based on 2D and 3D CNNs able to perform online gesture recognition, i.e. yielding a label while the video frames are still being processed, in a predictive manner, before having access to future frames of the video. This technique is of paramount interest to applications in which the video is being acquired concomitantly to the classification process and the issuing of the labels has a strict deadline. The proposed model was tested against three representative gesture datasets found in the literature. The obtained results suggest the proposed technique improves the state-of-the-art by yielding a quick gesture recognition process while presenting a high accuracy, which is fundamental for the applicability of embedded systems.
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3,896
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Please write an abstract with title: Digital error rate performance of active phased array satellite systems, and key words: Phased arrays, Error analysis, Degradation, Bit error rate, Aperture antennas, Horn antennas, Power system modeling, Antenna arrays, Satellite antennas, Frequency. Abstract: A model for a multiple spot beam digital satellite employing an active phased array antenna with frequency reuse is proposed and applied to study the power limited down-link bit error rate performance. Since the power amplifier preceding each antenna element is generally nonlinear, intermodulation distortion is produced among the various spot beams, degrading performance. Expressions for the bit error rate are derived, averaged over an ensemble of random arrays. Typical results indicate a degradation of 1-5 dB relative to a horn-reflector antenna of the same total effective aperture with a single channel per transponder, as the number of cochannel signals and the number of antenna elements are respectively varied between 10 and 30, and 500 and 10 000. The degradation is shown to result from nonlinearly induced signal suppression and cochannel interference.
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3,897
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Please write an abstract with title: Sensitivity analysis of hand movement classification technique using motion templates, and key words: Sensitivity analysis, Motion analysis, Humans, Application software, History, Biomedical imaging, Medical robotics, Vehicle dynamics, Australia, Image motion analysis. Abstract: This paper presents the sensitivity analysis of a new technique for automated classification of human hand gestures based on Hu moments for robotics applications. It uses view-based approach for representation, and statistical technique for classification. This approach uses a cumulative image-difference technique where the time between the sequences of images is implicitly captured in the representation of action. This results in the construction of temporal history templates (THTs). These THTs are used to compute the 7 Hu image moments that are invariant to scale, rotation, and translation. The recognition criterion is established using K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) Mahalanobis distance. The preliminary experiments show that such a system can classify human hand gestures with a classification accuracy of 92%. This research has been conducted for medical and robotics framework. The overall goal of our research is to test for accuracy of the recognition of hand gestures using this computationally inexpensive way of dimensionality-reduced representation of gestures for its suitability for medical and robotic applications
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3,898
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Please write an abstract with title: Normalized neural networks for fast pattern detection, and key words: Neural networks, Frequency domain analysis, Computer networks, High performance computing, System testing, Pattern recognition, Neurons, Electrical capacitance tomography, Face detection, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: Neural networks have shown good results for detecting of a certain pattern in a given image. In our previous papers by Ha em M El-Bakry and Qiangfu Zhao, a fast algorithm for object/face detection was presented. Such algorithm was designed based on cross correlation in the frequency domain between the input image and the weights of neural networks. Our previous work also solved the problem of local subimage normalization in the frequency domain. In this paper, the effect of image normalization on the speed up ratio of pattern detection is presented. Simulation results show that local subimage normalization through weight normalization is faster than subimage normalization in the spatial domain. Moreover, the overall speed up ratio of the detection process is increased as the normalization of weights is done off line.
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3,899
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Please write an abstract with title: Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Wavelet Transform and Residual Shrinkage Network, and key words: Wavelet transforms, Fault diagnosis, Vibrations, Training, Time-frequency analysis, Computational modeling, Machine learning. Abstract: Rolling bearings are frequently employed in machinery equipment, and the safely production of such equipment depend greatly on the properly work of bearing. Fault diagnosis of bearing is usually performed by means of vibration signal analysis, which are further divided into traditional analysis methods and machine learning based analysis methods. Traditional methods rely on expert knowledge, which makes it difficult to extract fault features, machine learning methods rely on huge volumes of data and need to eliminate the distraction of surrounding noise. This paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on wavelet transform and deep residual shrinkage network. Firstly, transform the vibration signal into wavelet time-frequency map by wavelet transform method, and then expand data set by augment to create enough training samples, next, build a deep residual shrinkage network, and train the model for fault classification, thus implement the fault diagnosis task. Experiment shows that the accuracy of this model is superior to other comparable models, which reached 99.3% in low-noise environment, and 93.6% in high-noise environment.
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