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Please write an abstract with title: COVID-19 in Animals: What to Fear and What to Learn, and key words: COVID-19, Animals, Surveillance, Social factors, Reservoirs, Coronaviruses, Statistics, Viruses (medical). Abstract: While COVID-19 Has been racing through much of the human population, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has also turned up in other mammals. This leads to many questions: Might these animals serve as reservoirs where new variants can emerge and then infect humans? Can animal surveillance identify novel variants before they appear in humans? How dangerous is COVID-19 to nonhuman animals?
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Modal Learning Using Physicians Diagnostics for Optical Coherence Tomography Classification, and key words: Learning systems, Visualization, Pathology, Optical coherence tomography, Machine learning, Medical diagnosis, Medical diagnostic imaging. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a framework that incorporates experts diagnostics and insights into the analysis of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) using multi-modal learning. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we create a medical diagnostic attribute dataset to improve disease classification using OCT. Although there have been successful attempts to deploy machine learning for disease classification in OCT, such methodologies lack the experts insights. We argue that injecting ophthalmological assessments as another supervision in a learning framework is of great importance for the machine learning process to perform accurate and interpretable classification. We demonstrate the proposed framework through comprehensive experiments that compare the effectiveness of combining diagnostic attribute features with latent visual representations and show that they surpass the state-of-the-art approach. Finally, we analyze the proposed dual-stream architecture and provide an insight that determine the components that contribute most to classification performance.
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Please write an abstract with title: 1.49-/spl mu/m-band gain-shifted thulium-doped fiber amplifier for WDM transmission systems, and key words: Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical fiber amplifiers, Laser excitation, Pump lasers, Laser noise, Noise figure, Optical noise, Optical pumping, Numerical simulation, Equations. Abstract: This paper describes in detail the amplification characteristics of gain-shifted thulium-doped fiber amplifiers (GS-TDFAs) operating in the 1480to 1510-nm wavelength region (1.49-/spl mu/m S-band) for use in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems. Gain shifting of a TDFA, which normally has a gain band at 1.47 /spl mu/m (S/sup +/-band), is achieved by two types of dual-wavelength pumping: (1) 1.05 and 1.56 /spl mu/m or (2) 1.4 and 1.56 /spl mu/m. The main pump source at 1.05 or 1.4 /spl mu/m creates population inversion between /sup 3/F/sub 4/ (upper laser level) and /sup 3/H/sub 4/ (lower laser level), while the auxiliary pump source at 1.56 /spl mu/m reduces the average fractional inversion down to approximately 0.4, which is a desired level for gain shifting. We show experimentally that the former provides a low internal noise figure (<4 dB) due to high fractional inversion at the input end of a thulium fiber, while the latter provides a very high optical efficiency but a higher internal noise figure (/spl sim/5 dB) due to the lower fractional inversion at the input end. These characteristics were verified by numerical simulation based on a comprehensive rate equation modeling. We demonstrated a 1.4- and 1.56-/spl mu/m laser-diode-pumped GS-TDFA with an optical efficiency of 29.3% and high output power of +21.5 dBm. Gain flatness and tilt control were also investigated. These results strongly confirm the feasibility of using GS-TDFAs in practical ultralarge-capacity WDM networks.
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Please write an abstract with title: Generation of ELF and VLF radiation by ionospheric electrojet modulation using high frequency heating waves, and key words: Ground penetrating radar, Geophysical measurement techniques, Frequency modulation, Heating, Electrons, Amplitude modulation, Intensity modulation, Hafnium, Conductivity, Signal generators. Abstract: Summary form only given. Extra and very low frequency (ELF/VLF) wave generation by modulated polar electrojet currents is studied analytically and numerically. Through Ohmic heating by the amplitude modulated HF heating wave, the conductivity and thus the current of the electrojet are modulated accordingly to set up the ionospheric antenna current. The generation efficiency and signal quality of the ionospheric virtual antenna depend on the wave modulation scheme. Thus, four amplitude-modulation schemes are examined and compared. The nonlinear evolutions of the generated ELF/VLF waves enhanced by a stimulated thermal instability are studied numerically. Their spectra are also evaluated. The field intensity of the emission at the fundamental modulation frequency is found to increase with the modulation frequency in consistence with Tromso observations. The efficiency enhancement by the stimulated thermal instability is hampered by inelastic collisions of electrons with neutral particles (mainly due to vibration excitation of N/sub 2/) which cause this instability to saturate at low levels. However, electron's inelastic collision loss rate drops rapidly to a low value in the energy regime from 3.5 to 6 eV. As the heating power exceeds a threshold level, significant electron heating enhanced by the instability is shown, which indeed causes a steep drop in the electron inelastic collision loss rate.
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Please write an abstract with title: Frequency-Tunable Constant-Absolute-Bandwidth Single-/Dual-Passband Filters and Diplexers With All-Port-Reflectionless Behavior, and key words: Band-pass filters, Couplers, Radio frequency, Prototypes, Tuning, Resonant frequency, Passband. Abstract: An approach to design RF all-port-reflectionless quasi-elliptic-type single-/dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs) and diplexers with frequency-adaptive constant-absolute-bandwidth (ABW) response is reported. The tunable reflectionless BPF case is first addressed, where a balanced-circuit scheme composed of two identical wideband 3-dB quadrature couplers and two equal reflective-type BPF units with synchronous center-frequency agility is exploited. The input signal is split into the two BPF units with equal amplitude and 90° phase shift by the first coupler and then recombined at the output node of the second coupler after being processed by the balanced-circuit branches. In this manner, the signals reflected at the stopband regions of the BPF units are mutually canceled at the coupler input port and absorbed at the isolated port by its loading resistor. This allows a symmetrical low-reflection behavior to be attained in the overall circuit, whose filtering transfer function is the one determined by the BPF units. Furthermore, by using dual-band BPFs in the balanced-circuit branches, this concept is readily extended to frequency-tunable constant-ABW dual-band BPFs whose passbands can be separately switched OFF (i.e., absorptive switched-OFF states) as an added reconfiguration capability. For practical-demonstration purposes, starting from theoretical design guidelines followed by an optimization step, the third- and second-order microstrip prototypes of reflectionless frequency-controllable single- and dual-band BPFs with predefined constant ABW, respectively, are developed and tested. Afterward, inspired by the devised tunable absorptive BPF structure, an all-port-reflectionless diplexer with frequency-adjustable constant-ABW channels is shown. This controllable multiport-absorptive filtering device is also verified with the fabrication and testing of a microstrip prototype. All the constructed circuits employ varactor diodes for electronic tuning, showing close agreement between simulation and measurements.
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Please write an abstract with title: An FPGA application with high speed serial transceiver running at sub nominal rate, and key words: Field programmable gate arrays, Transceivers, Optical receivers, High speed optical techniques, Circuits, Optical devices, Ethernet networks, Optical design, Physical layer, Phase locked loops. Abstract: We describe an implementation of the physical layer circuit for 100Mb/s optical Ethernet using an FPGA device with embedded high-speed serial transceivers. The design is the foundation for implementing a dual-speed 100/1000 Mb/s Ethernet system in which all components except the optical ones are implemented in an FPGA. The low-speed mode is outside the transceiver's nominal range, so the PLL circuit in the receiver cannot reliably lock to the received clock. We solve the problem by using the data recovery technique known as blind oversampling. The design can easily be adapted to implement other transmission systems that may put the operating point of the transceiver outside its nominal range, extending the scope of applications in which "FPGA to the optics" approach is viable.
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Please write an abstract with title: Study On Weighted Binary Classifier with Imbalanced SEM Defect Data, and key words: Bridges, Semiconductor device modeling, Measurement, Electronics industry, Focusing, Receivers, Data models. Abstract: Class imbalance classifier is a common and hard topic in semiconductor industry field because of the limited killing defect counts. Most of the recent research are focusing on data level methods. This paper presents some interesting observations using algorithm level method - the weighted binary (for simplicity) classifier. We would want to have the binary classifier heavily weight the few samples (for example hole bridge defects) that are available. The imbalanced data skew rate is in different ranges from 27% to 1% and to extreme ratio of 0.1%. Our binary classifier performance is evaluated using metrics of confusion matrix and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) instead of only the accuracy.
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Please write an abstract with title: Model Predictive Control Tailored to Epidemic Models, and key words: Pandemics, Europe, Human factors, Predictive models, Numerical simulation, Social factors, Numerical models. Abstract: We propose a model predictive control (MPC) approach for minimising the social distancing and quarantine measures during a pandemic while maintaining a hard infection cap. To this end, we study the admissible and the maximal robust positively invariant set (MRPI) of the standard SEIR compartmental model with control inputs. Exploiting the fact that in the MRPI all restrictions can be lifted without violating the infection cap, we choose a suitable subset of the MRPI to define terminal constraints in our MPC routine and show that the number of infected people decays exponentially within this set. Furthermore, under mild assumptions we prove existence of a uniform bound on the time required to reach this terminal region (without violating the infection cap) starting in the admissible set. The findings are substantiated based on a numerical case study.
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Please write an abstract with title: On embedded scalar quantization, and key words: Quantization, Rate-distortion, Laplace equations, Distortion measurement. Abstract: The paper studies the rate-distortion performance of symmetric scalar quantizers having a large (effectively infinite) number of steps and using the same step size for all steps except the one containing the zero input value. Quantizers of this form have been shown to have good performance for a variety of sources, and are precisely optimal for the Laplacian source. The performance is investigated particularly for embedded quantization, in which the representation of a source quantity is refined successively by forming finer quantizers from further segmentation of the steps of coarser quantizer constructions. Although the use of a double-wide dead-zone has dominated prior embedded quantization practice, it is shown that any rational number can be maintained as a stable dead-zone ratio. Two forms are investigated in more depth - quantizers with dead-zone ratios of 1 and 2 - and a ratio of 1 is shown often to provide a significant performance advantage (up to 1 dB). Performance is explored primarily in the context of the generalized Gaussian pdf using the squared-error distortion measure, but should also apply in other contexts.
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Please write an abstract with title: <i>AsEmo:</i> Automatic Approach for EEG-Based Multiple Emotional State Identification, and key words: Feature extraction, Electroencephalography, Emotion recognition, Covariance matrices, Real-time systems, Data mining, Matrix decomposition. Abstract: An electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most extensively used physiological signal in emotion recognition using biometric data. However, these EEG data are difficult to analyze, because of their anomalous characteristic where statistical elements vary according to time as well as spatial-temporal correlations. Therefore, new methods that can clearly distinguish emotional states in EEG data are required. In this paper, we propose a new emotion recognition method, named AsEmo. The proposed method extracts effective features boosting classification performance on various emotional states from multi-class EEG data. AsEmo Automatically determines the number of spatial filters needed to extract significant features using the explained variance ratio (EVR) and employs a Subject-independent method for real-time processing of Emotion EEG data. The advantages of this method are as follows: (a) it automatically determines the spatial filter coefficients distinguishing emotional states and extracts the best features; (b) it is very robust for real-time analysis of new data using a subject-independent technique that considers subject sets, and not a specific subject; (c) it can be easily applied to both binary-class and multi-class data. Experimental results on real-world EEG emotion recognition tasks demonstrate that AsEmo outperforms other state-of-the-art methods with a 2-8% improvement in terms of classification accuracy.
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Please write an abstract with title: New Fast Fourier Transform with Linear Multiplicative Complexity, and key words: Fast Fourier transforms, Signal processing algorithms, Discrete Fourier transforms, Signal processing, Computational complexity, Arithmetic, Image processing, Communication systems, Planets, Fourier series. Abstract: In this paper, we introduced a new fast Fourier transform algorithm with linear multiplicative complexity for real and complex input signals. The proposed algorithm also reduces the total number of operations (arithmetic complexity, or the number of multiplications and additions) compared to the existing methods, such as Duhamel, Heideman, Burrus, Bi et al., Bouguezel et al
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Please write an abstract with title: Comparative study of Deep Learning Models for Covid 19 Diagnosis, and key words: Covid 19, CT scan, Chest X-rays Deep Neural Networks. Abstract: The Covid 19 pandemic that started a couple of years ago has had a devastating effect on mankind across the globe. The disease had no known treatment. Early detection and prevention was very important to curtail the effects of the Pandemic. In this work two deep learning models the RestNet and the models are proposed for diagnosing Corona from chest X-rays and CT scans. The models were trained with publicly available data sets of covid and non covid images. It has been found that Inception V3 performs better than ResNet for chest x-rays and RestNet performs better for CT Scans. The performance of the RestNet is found to be similar for both the chest x-rays and CT scans datasets.
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Please write an abstract with title: Planning of Unbalanced Distribution Network Using Solar Energy Sources under Uncertain Environment, and key words: Uncertainty, Distribution networks, Solar energy, Software, Planning, Power systems, Load flow analysis. Abstract: This paper proposes a planning methodology of unbalanced distribution network with solar energy sources. Uncertainty of solar PV panel is modeled by collecting historical data of irradiance value. IEEE 13-bus system is considered in this paper as a reference scenario and OPEN-DSS software is used for load flow analysis. Random placement of solar PV module increases many problems related to power system. And identifying proper location and size of solar PV module in practical system is very difficult. Solar PV module is injected into the bus which has low positive sequence voltage. By injecting solar PV module in unbalance distribution network, the problem which is occurred in the practical power system network is solved. That is line losses are reduced, voltage level is improved and voltage unbalance is reduced.
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4,213
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Please write an abstract with title: An empirical method for obtaining the harmonic response coefficients of a SAW interdigital transducer, and key words: Surface acoustic waves, Electrodes, Frequency, Solid modeling, Harmonic analysis, Phased arrays, Fingers, Acoustic waves, Acoustic transducers, Bidirectional control. Abstract: An empirical delta-function model is applied to obtain the harmonic response coefficients for solid-electrode, split-electrode, and "three-finger" surface acoustic wave (SAW) interdigital transducers (IDTs). Good agreement is obtained between harmonic coefficients and polarities obtained by other investigators who used rigorous analytical methods. In principle, this empirical model - employing a complex summation of idealized transverse and longitudinal E-fields under, and between, adjacent electrodes - should be applicable to modeling the fundamental and harmonic responses of SAW and leaky-SAW IDTs.
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4,214
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Please write an abstract with title: HERMES: Using Commit-Issue Linking to Detect Vulnerability-Fixing Commits, and key words: Conferences, Computer bugs, Machine learning, Libraries, Software, Security. Abstract: Software projects today rely on many third-party libraries, and therefore, are exposed to vulnerabilities in these libraries. When a library vulnerability is fixed, users are notified and advised to upgrade to a new version of the library. However, not all vulnerabilities are publicly disclosed, and users may not be aware of vulnerabilities that may affect their applications. Due to the above challenges, there is a need for techniques which can identify and alert users to silent fixes in libraries; commits that fix bugs with security implications that are not officially disclosed. We propose a machine learning approach to automatically identify vulnerability-fixing commits. Existing techniques consider only data within a commit, such as its commit message, which does not always have sufficiently discriminative information. To address this limitation, our approach incorporates the rich source of information from issue trackers. When a commit does not link to an issue, we use a commit-issue link recovery technique to infer the potential missing link. Our experiments are promising; incorporating information from issue trackers boosts the performance of a vulnerability-fixing commit classifier, improving over the strongest baseline by 11.1% on the entire dataset, which includes commits that do not link to an issue. On a subset of the data in which all commits explicitly link to an issue, our approach improves over the baseline by 12.5%.
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Please write an abstract with title: Demo: SDR Implementation of a Fully Distributed Cell-Free MIMO System, and key words: Conferences, Interference, Central Processing Unit, Ultra-dense networks, MIMO communication. Abstract: In this paper, we have implemented a fully distributed cell-free (CF) MIMO testbed with a ultra-dense network (UDN) scenario. The main advantage of the proposed testbed is its distributed architecture without any central processing unit (CPU). The experiment results show that multiple UEs can simultaneously be served without interference in a fully distributed manner.
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Please write an abstract with title: Multilayer integrated circuits of microwave filters and diplexers based on low-temperature baked ceramics, and key words: Nonhomogeneous media, Microwave integrated circuits, Microwave filters, Ceramics, Equivalent circuits, Integrated circuit layout, Band pass filters, Filtering theory, Organizing, IEEE catalog. Abstract: Multilayer integrated circuits using low temperature baked ceramics technology are considered as applied to design of microwave filters and diplexers for telecommunications. Original designs of filters with additional transmission zeros and a diplexer for IMT-2000 handset are reported.
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Please write an abstract with title: The Impact of Mobility and Interventions on the Spread of Diseases, and key words: Diseases, Behavioral sciences, Statistics, Sociology, Vaccines, COVID-19, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: Human behavior plays a vital role in spreading contagious diseases, and understanding its influence on the outbreak could be the key to devising better mitigatory strategies. The varied individual behaviors give rise to different patterns in the evolution of the disease. Such trends in the disease outbreak that arise due to microscopic behaviors of heterogeneous agents in a populace are typical of agent-based models. Therefore, we propose an agent-based framework equipped with a population mixing algorithm, and stochastic disease transmission and evolutionary dynamics. The mixing algorithm incorporates different mobility trends in a synthetic populace to generate contact patterns among them. On the other hand, the disease model characterizes the health condition of agents using three crucial traits of the disease: 1) infection status; 2) severity; and 3) awareness, endowed with age-dependent probabilities for transmission, progress, and recovery of the disease. Together with different mobility patterns, we demonstrate the impact of mitigatory measures, such as social distancing, vaccination, testing, isolation, and containment zones, on the spread of disease. The proposed model is used to demonstrate trends in the COVID-19 outbreak rather than predict its course of evolution. The results indicate that enhanced mobility of agents facilitates contagion, and a combination of mitigation strategies needs to be adopted to combat the spread of the disease effectively.
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Please write an abstract with title: Artificial Neural Network Based Particle Swarm Optimization for Microgrid Optimal Energy Scheduling, and key words: Training, Microgrids, Optimal scheduling, Meteorology, Job shop scheduling, Search problems, Schedules. Abstract: This letter proposes an enhancement for artificial neural network (ANN) using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to manage renewable energy resources (RESs) in a virtual power plant (VPP) system. This letter highlights the comparison of the ANN-based binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) algorithm with the original BPSO algorithm. The comparison has been made upon searching the optimal value of the number of nodes in the hidden layers and the learning rate. These parameter values are used in ANN training for microgrid (MG) optimal energy scheduling. The proposed approach has been tested in the VPP system covering MGs involving RESs to minimize the power and giving priority to sustainable resources to participate instead of buying power from the utility grid. This model is tested using real load demand recorded for 24 h in Perlis state, the northern part of Malaysia. Besides, real weather condition data are recorded by Tenaga Nasional Berhad Research solar energy meteorology for a 1-h average (e.g., solar irradiation, wind speed, battery status data, and fuel level). The results show that ANN-PSO gives precise decision compared with BPSO algorithm, which in turn prove that the enhancement for the neural net reaches the optimum level of energy scheduling.
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Please write an abstract with title: Bandpass filter design based on LTCC and DGS, and key words: Band pass filters, Coplanar waveguides, RLC circuits, IEEE members, Ceramics, Photonic band gap, Circuit simulation, Bandwidth, Cutoff frequency, Microstrip filters. Abstract: In this paper, a 60GHz CBCPW-bandpass filter is designed based on defected ground structure (DGS) and low-temperature co-fire ceramic technology (LTCC). Compared with photonic band gap (PBG) structure, our design has smaller size. Because CBCPW structure is used, it is easy to be integrated with high frequency IC circuit and to do measurement work. Simulation shows that the designed bandpass filter can satisfy our requirement and can shift work frequency and bandwidth flexibly.
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of encoding in 1+1-EA, and key words: Encoding, Biological cells, Genetic algorithms, Genetic mutations, Reflective binary codes, Evolutionary computation, Genetic programming, Hamming distance, Mathematics, Computer science. Abstract: This paper employs a Markov model to study the relative performance of binary and Gray coding in the 1+1-EA. The expected first passage time to optimality is used as the metric of comparison. The results indicate that while there is not much difference between the two for all possible functions, Gray coding does not necessarily improve performance for functions which have fewer local optima in the Gray representation than in binary. The relative performance is affected by changes in the algorithm parameter (mutation probability).
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Please write an abstract with title: Sridevi “Sri” Sarma [People in Control], and key words: Interviews. Abstract: Presents an interview with Sridevi Sarma.
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Please write an abstract with title: 2003 High Frequency Postgraduate Student Colloquium (Cat. No.03TH8707), and key words: Frequency, Permission, Libraries, IEEE services. Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: wave propagation, dielectric characterisation, nonlinear devices, guided propagation, passive devices, antennas, wireless LAN, nonlinear transmission lines, capacitors, phased lock loop and QPSK detector.
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Please write an abstract with title: GOMIT: a generic and adaptive annotation algorithm based on gene ontology term distributions, and key words: Ontologies, Vocabulary, Bioinformatics, Humans, Information science, Biological system modeling, Proteins, Clustering algorithms, Genomics, Databases. Abstract: We address the issue of providing highly informative annotations using information revealed by the structured vocabularies of gene ontology (GO). For a target, a set of candidate terms used to infer the target's property is collected and forms a unique distribution on the GO directed acyclic graph (DAG). We propose a generic and adaptive algorithm - GOMIT, which bases on term distributions and GO hierarchical characteristics to assign correct annotations for a target. We establish a quantitative model with parameters that can be framed for optimal performance for different applications. We propose several criteria for evaluating GOMIT's performance, and conducted three experiments involving a) automated functional annotations, b) biological annotations of microarray data clusters and c) protein family GO assignments. In these experiments, we used our proposed criteria to compare GOMIT with other algorithms. Results not only reflect GOMIT's generality and adaptability, but also suggest that GOMIT is better or comparable to other works for assigning correct annotations.
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Please write an abstract with title: Via distribution model for yield estimation, and key words: Yield estimation, Wire, Degradation, Bridge circuits, Circuit synthesis, Routing, Semiconductor device modeling, CMOS technology, Etching, Integrated circuit interconnections. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a via distribution model for yield estimation. The proposed model expresses a relationship between the number of vias and wire length. We can also estimate the total number of vias in a circuit, which is derived from the via distribution and the wire-length distribution. The via distribution is modeled as a function of track utilization, and the wire-length distribution can be derived from a gate-level netlist and layout area. We extract model parameters from the commercial chips designed for 0.18-mum and 0.13-mum CMOS processes, and demonstrate yield degradation caused by vias
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Please write an abstract with title: Internet Traffic Detection using Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm, and key words: Classification algorithms, Protocols, Testing, Internet, Machine learning algorithms, Training, Machine learning. Abstract: Growth of internet has led to rise in number of users and its usage. Despite its advantages, exponential rise in internet usage has resulted in excess data flow over the system flooding the internet. To maintain quality of service and speed of internet along with ensuring data security as well as preventing data misuse, analysis of the internet data becomes essential. Analysis of the dataflow involves characterizing it into different types. This can be done by inspecting the packets either on basis of port numbers, payload information or statistical features. This paper aims to discuss the analysis of internet traffic using statistical features such as interpacket arrival time, time to live and number of packets helping us prevent invasion of packet information. This helps us protect user's privacy. To automate the process of categorizing internet traffic, machine learning based supervised classification techniques namely Naive Bayes and K Nearest Neighbors are implemented. Experiments to obtain highest accuracy in classifying internet traffic on basis of transaction protocol were performed. The dataset used is UNSW-NB. The results show that classification using K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm gives accuracy of 85% whereas maximum accuracy achieved using Naïve Bayes algorithm is 54%.
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Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Based on Ensemble to Diagnose of Retinal Disease using Optical Coherence Tomography, and key words: Training, Adaptation models, Scientific computing, Veins, Optical coherence tomography, Computational modeling, Transfer learning. Abstract: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) image plays an essential modality role in medical image analysis to diagnose various retinal diseases. Through the retinal cross-sectional OCT images, ophthalmologists need much time and effort in manual analysis to extract diagnostic features. In this study, we propose a method for the automatic diagnosis of five retinal diseases based on an ensemble of two transfer learning models to analyze OCT images. The individual predicted class probabilities of MobileNetV3Large are fused with the predicted class probabilities of ResNet50 to ensure robustness in the prediction. An image processing technique such as contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) is applied to enhance the quality of OCT images before feeding them to neural network models. In addition, 5-fold cross-validation and EarlyStopping techniques are also used to prevent the overfitting of the training model. To conduct the experiment, a dataset containing 1999 OCT images is constructed.
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Please write an abstract with title: Generating arbitrary laser beam shapes through phase-mapped designed beam splitting, and key words: Shape, Atom optics, Optical feedback, Optical distortion, Optical imaging, Adaptive optics, Laser beams. Abstract: We describe a method to generate high-definition arbitrary laser beam shapes and profiles useful to many applications, ranging from optical patterning and lithography to optical trapping of microscopic particles and ultracold atoms. The phase contrast between a binary grating and a targeted intensity distribution is encoded on a spatial light modulator to control light diffraction, producing very sharp, speckles-free, and smooth images. Besides simplicity, not requiring additional phase-plates, the method provides straightforward encoding of images onto phase-only masks by a direct pixel mapping, allowing simpler feedback schemes to correct and control light distributions and optical potentials in real-time.
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Please write an abstract with title: A New Transmission Method for Pulse-Code Modulation Communication Systems, and key words: Pulse modulation, Phase change materials, Bandwidth, Error analysis, Uncertainty, Channel capacity, Interference, Pulse amplifiers, Circuit noise, Communication systems. Abstract: This paper presents the results of a study of the basic factors underlying the selection of a preferable method of transmission for pulse-code modulation communication systems. A new method of transmission, called biternary, is described and is compared with quaternary transmission, as a means of doubling the channel capacity of PCM systems without requiring increased bandwidth or transmission facilities. It is found that biternary transmission is more tolerant of the effects of all types of interference than quaternary transmission, and significantly reduces a major problem of quaternary transmission excessive errors, caused by low frequency cut-off effects. The use of biternary transmission is planned in present and future military pulse-code modulation communication systems.
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Please write an abstract with title: Graph Neural Network Based User Group Comments Interaction Behavior Prediction on Microblog Websites, and key words: Representation learning, Social networking (online), Blogs, Cyberspace, Predictive models, Data science, Feature extraction. Abstract: The interactive behavior of comments within the user group on microblog website is bidirectional and dynamic, reflecting the level of familiarity among users. Predicting the future comment interaction behavior within the user group is of great significance for commercial recommendation and crime fighting. Related research groups regard it as a temporal link prediction problem, assume the evolution is smooth or there is no evolution at all. Meanwhile, the feature in those studies is too unitary, leading to low link prediction performance. In this paper, we propose a method called User Group Comment Interaction Behaviour Prediction (UGCIBP), which combines structure extraction layer and evolution extraction layer to do dynamic graph representation learning to acheive the modeling of user group historical comment interaction graphs, and build the features of communication weight, interest similarity, and common degree of activity between users on microblog website. Then, we combine dynamic graph representation learning and the constructed features to do link prediction, finally, the purpose of predicting comment interaction is acheived. Experiments are conducted on the public datasets Enron and Twitter datasets to evaluate the method. The results show that the AUC scores of this method are 4.74% and 9.95% higher than existing methods, respectively, which proves the effectiveness of the UGCIBP method.
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Please write an abstract with title: On-chip soliton based pulsed-coherent AMCW LiDAR, and key words: Laser radar, Pulse measurements, Measurement by laser beam, Solitons, Optical variables measurement, Lasers and electrooptics, Optical harmonic generation. Abstract: We utilized an integrated optical frequency comb with an analog front-end to measure distance via a hybrid pulsed-coherent approach. We experimentally measure distance to a reflector 2m away, with 7μm precision and 250μm accuracy.
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4,231
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Please write an abstract with title: Stretchable Array of Resistive Pressure Sensors Ignoring the Effect of Strain-Induced Deformation, and key words: Pressure sensors, Electrodes, Soft robotics, Robot sensing systems, Sensor systems, Pressure measurement, Rubber. Abstract: In this study, a stretchable array of resistive pressure sensors which could ignore the effect of stretch deformation was demonstrated. In terms of stretchable pressure sensors composed of elastic materials, pressure sensors itself are deformed during strain of the devices, which becomes large error of the pressure measurement. Our resistive sensors in a array are based on patterned porous conductive silicone (Ecoflex). The substrate consists of hetero-silicone rubbers of two different elastic silicones. In addition, resistances of column and row electrodes in the matrix of mapping are much lower than the pressure sensors. This substrate and control of electrode resistances can prevent stretch deformation of the device from affecting the sensing of pressure. The error of the pressure sensor in our device during 150% strain was one sixth less than the one by conventional elastic pressure sensor composed of organic materials. This result suggests possibility to apply stretchable pressure sensor on largely deformed area of body, and soft robots.
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Please write an abstract with title: Enhancement and Speedup of Photometric Compensation for Projectors by Reducing Inter-Pixel Coupling and Calibration Patterns, and key words: Image color analysis, Calibration, Cameras, Couplings, Multimedia systems, Estimation, Surface waves. Abstract: For a procam to preserve the color appearance of an image projected on a color surface, the photometric distortion introduced by the color surface has to be properly compensated. The performance of such photometric compensation relies on an accurate estimation of the projector nonlinearity. In this paper, we improve the accuracy of projector nonlinearity estimation by taking inter-pixel coupling into consideration. In addition, to respond quickly to the change of projection area due to projector movement, we reduce the number of calibration patterns from six to one and use the projected image as the calibration pattern. This greatly improves the computational efficiency of re-calibration that needs to be performed on the fly during a multimedia presentation without breaking its continuity. Both objective and subjective results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for color compensation.
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Please write an abstract with title: Phonetic measures of speech rate and fluency assessments in read speech, and key words: Phonetics, Atmospheric measurements, Particle measurements, Reliability, Correlation, Testing, Data models. Abstract: The paper studies the relationship of phonetic measures of speech rate and pausing with perceived fluency in an L2 reading comprehension experiment. In this experiment, Slovak L2 speakers of English were reading short texts. The phonetic measure data was extrapolated from these recordings. The perceived fluency data comes from assessments provided by the L2 participants listening to the recordings created by their peers. The data extracted from the acoustic signal of the recordings is analyzed through a correlation analysis in relation to the perceived fluency elicited from the assessments provided by the participants. The study found a strong correlation between phonetic measures and perceived fluency. The phonetic measure data can reliably predict the level of perceived fluency. The findings of the study may be used for future computer assisted assessment of fluency.
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Please write an abstract with title: Microwave Dielectric Properties of an Amorphous Semiconductor System (Letters), and key words: Amorphous semiconductors, Electromagnetic heating, Ionization, Glass, Dielectric materials, Argon, Semiconductor device noise, Temperature, Gases, Frequency. Abstract: Experimental results arepresented for the microwave dielectric properties of the glass system (x) As/sub 2/Te/sub 3/(1 - x)As/sub 2/Se/sub 3/ under temperature and compositional variations. The results indicate that the material exhibits potentially useful microwave properties.
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Please write an abstract with title: Localization and Tracking of High-speed Trains Using Compressed Sensing Based 5G Localization Algorithms, and key words: Location awareness, 5G mobile communication, Machine control, Time difference of arrival, Transportation, Prediction algorithms, Time measurement. Abstract: Complex systems are in place for the localization and tracking of High-speed Trains. These methods tend to perform poorly under certain conditions. Localization using 5G infrastructure has been considered as an alternative solution for the positioning of trains in previous studies. However, these studies only consider localization using Time Difference of Arrival measurements or using Time of Arrival and Angle of Departure measurements. In this paper an alternate compressed sensing based 5G localization method is considered for this problem. The proposed algorithm, paired with an Extended Kalman Filter, is implemented and tested on a 3GPP specified high s peed train scenario. Sub-meter localization accuracy was achieved using 4-6 Remote-Radio-Heads, while an accuracy of 0.34 m with 95% availability is achieved when using 2 Remote-Radio-Heads. The achieved performance meets 3GPP specified requirement for machine control and transportation even when using 2 Remote-Radio-Heads.
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Please write an abstract with title: Detection of Denial of Service Attacks in Communication Networks, and key words: Training, Feature extraction, Intrusion detection, Data models, Lenses, Microsoft Windows, Zinc. Abstract: Detection of evolving cyber attacks is a challenging task for conventional network intrusion detection techniques. Various supervised machine learning algorithms have been implemented in network intrusion detection systems. However, traditional algorithms require long training time and have high computational complexity. Therefore, we propose detection of denial of service cyber attacks in communication networks by employing the broad learning system (BLS) that requires shorter training time while achieving comparable performance. Because designing effective detection systems relies on training and test datasets that contain anomalous network traffic data, in this paper we evaluate the performance of various BLS models by using recently generated network intrusion datasets. The best accuracy and F-Score were often achieved using BLS with cascades while BLS with incremental learning usually required shorter training time.
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Please write an abstract with title: A simple adaptive coding scheme for multiuser interference suppression in ultra-wideband radio transmissions, and key words: Adaptive coding, Interference suppression, Ultra wideband technology, AWGN, Codecs, Switches, Additive white noise, Physical layer, Radio transmitters, Pulse modulation. Abstract: In this letter, we introduce a simple co-decoding scheme for ultra wideband (UWB) impulse radio systems impaired by multiuser interference (MUI). The proposed scheme exhibits an adaptive capability with respect to MUI degrading effects and, depending on the MUI level, it may switch from a hard-detection operating mode to a soft-detection one. So doing, the presented scheme is able to gain resistance against near-far effects. Several numerical tests support the conclusion that the presented scheme outperforms conventional ones currently planned for noise-limited UWB systems up to orders of magnitude in MUI-limited application scenarios.
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Please write an abstract with title: Modeling effects of voltage unbalances in industrial distribution systems with adjustable speed drives, and key words: Variable speed drives, Voltage fluctuations, Power quality, Reactive power, Inductance, Manufacturing industries, Power system modeling, Power distribution, Power system analysis computing, Predictive models. Abstract: AC adjustable speed drives (ASDs) have become the primary choice for most new and retrofit precision motor-control applications with increased system efficiencies and reduced system losses. The significant increase in the use of ASDs brings the need for understanding compatibility issues between them and their electrical environment in order to design the electrical systems appropriately. Even though there have been numerous studies on ASD effects on power systems, models for predicting the effect of the source voltage sags or unbalance have been limited. This work is devoted to analyze the characteristics of power quality indices such as input power factor, input current crest factor (CF) and the distribution transformer K-factor for practical ASD systems under input voltage unbalance and sag conditions. The relationships between the unbalanced input voltages and input currents, the input inductance and the input current unbalance, the input inductance and the input power factor, crest factor, transformer K-factor are explored for 5 hp, 100 hp and 600 hp power distribution systems with ASDs. The results can be used as a design guide for power distribution system design with ASDs. Theoretical derivations, simulation and experimental results are presented in this paper.
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Please write an abstract with title: 16 element polarization-agile microstrip antenna array with one phase-shift circuit, and key words: Microstrip antenna arrays, Microstrip antennas, Phased arrays, Polarization, Circuits, Switches, Diodes, Phase measurement, FETs, Joining processes. Abstract: A novel polarization-agile microstrip antenna array is proposed, in which the polarization agility from linear to circular polarization for the whole array is achieved by electrically controlling one phase-shift circuit only. Using the corner-fed square patch element, a new 16-element dual-polarized array with high isolation and low cross-polarization is designed. A special FET phase shifter circuit is created. The experimental results are presented to verify the theory while circular polarization radiation patterns are measured with a boresight axial ratio of 0.5 dB.
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Please write an abstract with title: Laser-scattering-based method for investigation of ultra-low-loss arc fusion-spliced single-mode optical fibers, and key words: Fiber lasers, Laser fusion, Optical fibers, Splicing, Optical scattering, Heat treatment, Optical losses, Diffraction, Shape, Solids. Abstract: Standard arc fusion splicing of optical fibers does not include buckling, angular, or lateral offsets. With fusion splicing, a tiny core axial offset exists. It originates from an index modification in the core region due to the heat treatments accompaniment to the splice process. Such axial offset practically contributes to causing the major power loss. In this paper, a new method based on the forward-scattering technique is described to examine standard exactitude ultra-low-loss fusion splicing of single-mode fibers. The method provides the ability to estimate the splice loss. For the first time, a modified scattering pattern is recorded for the spliced intermediate junction of arc fusion-spliced fibers. The deformed scattering pattern takes a diffractionlike shape pattern. The fringe separation between the most two outer solid fringes showed a direct proportionality to the power loss due to splicing. The method could be used to suppress such inescapable axial offset significantly, even in fibers with a large core eccentricity. An ultra-low-loss splicing without conventional power monitoring could be achieved.
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Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of Fault Tolerant Features in the In-House Developed 1553B Controller Core, and key words: Registers, Tunneling magnetoresistance, Integrated circuits, Military standards, Single event upsets, Fault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems. Abstract: Triple modular redundancy (TMR) is a very effective way of mitigating single event upset (SEU), single event transient (SET) and single event latch-Up (SEL) in digital integrated circuits (IC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) and almost every IC that work under cosmic radiations and heavy electromagnetic disturbance. Here in this work, we have implemented fault tolerance features using TMR concept in MIL-STD-1553B, which is a serial data bus, used in avionics, satellites and for on-board data handling (OBDH) subsystems in spacecraft. We have implemented TMR only in the register part of this data bus controller core as we want for optimisation in the overall fabricated circuit area. The registers have been tripled and sent to a majority-voting logic which acts as a decision-making circuit and produces a single output from a given three inputs. Though there are other ways to implement fault tolerance we found that TMR is one of the best and the simplest ways for making a system fault-tolerant. The results of this implementation have been verified and checked using Xilinx ISE design suite 10.3c.
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-objective Feature Selection with a Sparsity-based Objective Function and Gradient Local Search for Multi-label Classification, and key words: Conferences, Redundancy, Feature extraction, Linear programming, Search problems, Data mining, Optimization. Abstract: In classification, feature selection (FS) removes irrelevant and redundant features to improve the classification performance. Most of the existing FS approaches are designed specifically for single-label classification, wherein each instance is associated to a single class label. However, many real-world problems have more than one class label for each instance, also known as multi-label classification (MLC). Label-to-label interactions in MLC information presents a new challenge for FS, whereas single-label FS methods typically only consider feature-to-feature (redundancy) and feature-to-label (relevancy) information. Sparsity-based FS is an efficient and effective method for MLC which has demonstrated its ability in considering label-to-label interactions. However, existing sparsity-based approaches can be trapped at local optima due to their gradient-based search. In addition, they cannot consider different trade-off between the two objectives of FS: to minimise the number of features and to maximise the classification performance. Evolutionary multi-objective optimisation (EMO) can address the above issues, but EMO has not been applied to achieve sparsity-based FS for MLC. This paper proposes a novel sparsity-based representation, objective function, and local search method to achieve sparsity-based EMO FS for MLC. The experimental results indicate improved efficiency and effectiveness in the MLC performance in comparison to existing state-of-the-art multi-label feature selection methods.
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Please write an abstract with title: Topology, Modeling and Control Scheme for a new Seven-Level Inverter With Reduced DC-Link Voltage, and key words: Predictive control, Capacitors, Voltage control, Inverters, Boosting, Switches, Stress. Abstract: This paper presents a new single-source three-phase seven-level inverter with an inherent three-time voltage boosting capability for medium-voltage applications. The proposed topology is comprised of series connection of two switched-capacitor (SC) networks with an added half-bridge module per phase. Each of such integrated SC networks requires a single capacitor associated with three active power switches. The three-time voltage boosting feature of the proposed topology can reduce the dc-link voltage requirements by 50% in comparison to the traditional neutral point clamped (NPC), flying capacitors, active NPC (ANPC), hybrid clamped ANPC, and cascaded H-bridge topologies, and 75% to advanced ANPC topologies. It can also reduce the number of required switches and capacitors as well as their voltage stresses compared to those state-of-the-art topologies reported in the literature. By integrating “n” number of added SC networks in the proposed seven-level basic topology, the number of output voltage levels can be extended to 2n+3 per phase. A finite control set model predictive control algorithm is also derived to control the converter in both the active and reactive power exchanges modes without distorting the generated grid current quality. The capacitor voltage balancing is inherent in the proposed topology, and thus, there is no need for any additional voltage balancing circuit, which further reduces the control complexity. The performance of the proposed topology and its control algorithm are validated by several measurement results.
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Please write an abstract with title: An Automatic Drone to Survey Orchards using Image Processing and Solar Energy, and key words: Image processing, Inductive charging, Sociology, Solar energy, Solar panels, Statistics, Drones. Abstract: Our world's population is increasing so fast and statistical predictions have shown that population would exceed 9 billion by the year 2050. To meet the demand, agricultural yields must increase by atleast 30% percent. Efficient harvest estimation can lead to an organized planning of resources and market needs such as crop insurance purposes, packing materials, planning harvest and employees. We propose an automatic drone to count the number of fruits on each tree in an orchard for the agriculturist to forecast his/her harvest. The drone sends quality data to the farmer which allows him/her to evaluate the entire farm graphically which in turn help farmers to intimately know their field and make important decisions in an efficient manner. The images taken through the camera are processed to give an accurate count of fruits. The power required for the drone is obtained using solar energy and by means of wireless charging.
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic multi-swarm particle swarm optimizer, and key words: Particle swarm optimization, Birds, Acceleration, Equations. Abstract: In this paper, a novel dynamic multi-swarm particle swarm optimizer (PSO) is introduced. Different from the existing multi-swarm PSOs and the local version of PSO, the swarms are dynamic and the swarms' size is small. The whole population is divided into many small swarms, these swarms are regrouped frequently by using various regrouping schedules and information is exchanged among the swarms. Experiments are conducted on a set of shifted rotated benchmark functions and results show its better performance when compared with some recent PSO variants.
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Please write an abstract with title: Exploiting wireless channel state information for throughput maximization, and key words: Channel state information, Throughput, Optimal scheduling, Stability, Hidden Markov models, Network topology, Calculus, Wireless networks, Delay, Telecommunication traffic. Abstract: The problem of scheduling packets over a number of channels with time varying connectivity is considered. Policies proposed for this problem either stabilize the system when the arrival rates are within the stability region, or optimize an objective function under the assumption that all channel queues are saturated. We address the realistic situation where it is not known a priori whether the channel queues are saturated or not, and provide a scheduling policy that maximizes the weighted sum of channel throughputs. We employ a burstiness-constrained channel model that allows us to dispense of statistical assumptions and simplifies the proofs.
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Please write an abstract with title: Co-histogram and its application in remote sensing image compression evaluation, and key words: Remote sensing, Image coding, PSNR, Pixel, Image quality, Application software, Statistical distributions, Probability distribution, Transform coding, Mean square error methods. Abstract: Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) has found its application as an evaluation metric for image coding, but in many instances it provides an inaccurate representation of the image quality. The new tool proposed in this paper is called co-histogram, which is a statistic graph generated by counting the corresponding pixel pairs of two images. For image coding evaluation, the two images are the original image and a compressed and recovered image. The graph is a two-dimensional joint probability distribution of the two images. A co-histogram shows how the pixels are distributed among combinations of two image pixel values. By means of co-histogram, we can have a visual interpretation of PSNR, and the symmetry of a co-histogram is also significant for objective evaluation of remote sensing image compression. Our experiments with two SAR images and a TM image using DCT-based JPEG and wavelet-based SPIHT coding methods perform the importance of the co-histogram symmetry.
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Please write an abstract with title: Modeling and Fault Diagnosis of Multi-phase Winding Inter-turn Short Circuit for Five-phase PMSM based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Simulation, Windings, Circuit faults, Mathematical model, Integrated circuit modeling, Particle swarm optimization. Abstract: Multi-phase PMSMs are widely used in fault-tolerant control applications. As an electrical fault with a high probability, inter-turn short circuit (ITSC) fault seriously affects the performance of five-phase PMSM. However, due to high coupling of fault parameters, most of the fault models and diagnosis methods in fault-tolerant control focus on one-phase winding ITSC fault of three-phase PMSM. In this paper, a novel model and a fault diagnosis method are proposed for multi-phase winding ITSC (MPWITSC) of five-phase PMSM. First, by analyzing the related physical parameters of the motor, a mathematic model of MPWITSC fault is established. Then, a parameter estimation method based on improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), which solves the convergence premature of traditional PSO (TPSO) and reformulates the fault diagnosis as the extreme seeking for fault parameters, is proposed to detect the fault level. Simulation results provide preliminary verification of the proposed model and fault diagnosis method.
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Please write an abstract with title: Desorption of InAs quantum dots, and key words: Quantum dots, US Department of Transportation, Temperature dependence, Electrons, Diffraction, Switches, Time measurement, Monitoring, Surface morphology, Indium. Abstract: We study the post-growth lifetime of InAs quantum dots vs. arsenic flux and temperature by electron diffraction and a layer-by-layer desorption model. The results are employed to calculate the In sticking coefficient during growth.
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Please write an abstract with title: Modelling and Simulation of Big Data Networks, and key words: Cloud computing, Monitoring, Organizations, Big Data, Real-time systems, Data models, Analytical models. Abstract: Modelling and simulation of Big data (BD) networks used to be technical problem before years, but now is opportunity. BD processioning and analytics are developing every day, useful teletraffic models describe and suggest decisions in such networks. Some of the untapped data are coming from sensors, devices, third parties, Web applications, and social media. Some BD sources feed data unceasingly in real time. Combining this, BD is not just about giant data volumes, it is also about an extraordinary diversity of data types, delivered at various speeds and frequencies. In this paper we analyzed the teletraffic models, modelling and analytical solutions for BD networks and are simulated heavy traffic models.
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance analysis of fixed, reconfigurable, and custom architectures for the SCAN image and video encryption algorithm, and key words: Performance analysis, Cryptography, Computer architecture, Algorithm design and analysis, Hardware, Application specific integrated circuits, Reconfigurable architectures, Reconfigurable logic, NIST, Software algorithms. Abstract: This paper briefly presents a block cipher encryption architecture and a reconfigurable logic-based hardware design for the SCAN encryption algorithm. Detailed performance results are presented for still images as well as video, and the reconfigurable architecture is compared to software-only implementations of the same algorithm as well as a preliminary ASIC design.
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Please write an abstract with title: Ultra-wideband communication using a SAW correlator zero-IF architecture, and key words: Ultra wideband technology, Surface acoustic waves, Correlators, Bandwidth, RAKE receivers, Frequency conversion, Pulse amplifiers, Acoustic transducers, Binary phase shift keying, Signal processing. Abstract: A communication system has been demonstrated using surface acoustic wave (SAW) correlators in a direct conversion, ultra-wideband architecture. High frequency SAW correlators were used to passively detect a BPSK input signal and provide a direct RF-to-baseband conversion. SAW correlators were used to build transmitters and receivers with 3.3%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50% fractional bandwidths centered at 900 MHz and 2.45 GHz.
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Please write an abstract with title: An Improved LWD Azimuth Gamma Imaging Model Based on HSI Space, and key words: Image color analysis, Azimuth, Imaging, Data models, Tools, Reservoirs, Oils. Abstract: In recent years, in the process of oil and gas exploration and development, the situation of drilling tools drilling out of the reservoir often occurs. Due to the lack of directional indication, the traditional LWD(Logging While Drilling) natural gamma measurement technology cannot guide drilling tools to return to the reservoir efficiently. In order to solve this problem, this paper improves the traditional radiometric gamma measurement technology and establishes a set of azimuth gamma imaging model. Firstly, the basic imaging model is established based on HSI (Hue, Saturation, Intensity) color space. Then, the study focuses on the design of the gamma data quality control algorithm, which can effectively suppress the original gamma data noise. In addition, the cubic spline interpolation algorithm is selected to support the model to obtain 360° omni-directional gamma data. Finally, the image processing technology based on fast grayscale grouping is applied in this study, which greatly improves the imaging effect. Field application shows that the model runs stably on site, and the azimuth gamma image is well indicative. It can monitor the relative position relationship between the borehole trajectory and the formation, which effectively improves the reservoir encounter rate, and has high application and promotion value.
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Please write an abstract with title: An Empirical Study on Ensemble Learning of Multimodal Machine Translation, and key words: Decoding, Visualization, Training, Predictive models, Computer science, Task analysis, Probability distribution. Abstract: With the increasing availability of images, multimodal machine translation (MMT) is leading a vibrant field. Model structure and multimodal information introduction are the hotspot focused by MMT researchers nowadays. Among the existing models, transformer model has reached the state-of-the-art performance in many translation tasks. However, we observe that the performance of MMT based on transformer is highly unstable since transformer model is sensitive to the fluctuation of hyper-parameters especially the number of layers, the dimension of word embeddings and hidden states, the number of multi-heads. Moreover, different ways of introducing image information also have significant influence on the performance of MMT. In this paper, we exploit some integration strategies which depend on different tasks to make collaborative decisions on the final translation results to enhance the stability of MMT based on transformer. Furthermore, we combine different ways of introducing image information to improve the semantic expression of input. Extensive experiments on Multi30K dataset demonstrate that ensemble learning in MMT which integrates text and image features exactly obtain more stable and better translation performance and the best result yields improvement of 5.12 BLEU points over the strong Transformer baseline set in our experiments.
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of long-distance telecommunication networks -The Telpak problem, and key words: Circuits, Routing, Teleprinting, US Government, Joining processes, Cost function, Design optimization, Mathematics, Military computing, Terminology. Abstract: The government procures long-distance circuits from communication carriers under a bulk-rate tariff referred to as Telpaks. While physical implementation of circuits is performed by the carriers, the arrangement of circuits into Telpaks for billing purposes is the government's responsibility. Since Telpaks were established in 1961, the government has arranged its circuits into Telpaks on a manual basis. As a result, it has never been able to achieve a minimum cost grouping for over 60 000 circuits among more than 3000 service points. Further, the problem of minimizing the cost of Telpaks has defied classical mathematical approaches because of the large number of service points and circuits. By applying heuristic design techniques, the systematic procedure which is described in this paper has been developed for automating the design of the government Telpak network. Its use has resulted in substantial cost savings over the manually obtained configuration.
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Please write an abstract with title: Cathodoluminescence and REBIC study of defects in tin oxide, and key words: Tin, Scanning electron microscopy, Electron beams, Optical microscopy, Milling, Spontaneous emission, Optical materials, Powders, Grain size, Morphology. Abstract: Cathodoluminescence (CL) and remote electron beam induced current (REBIC) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used to investigate the electron recombination mechanisms in tin oxide. Sintered material prepared from high purity powder has been found to show a strong dependence of the CL emission on the thermal treatments applied during sample preparation. SEM images show the presence of nano and microcrystalline grains. The correlation of the grain size and morphology with the optical emission is analysed by CL microscopy and spectroscopy. The evolution of the luminescence bands with mechanical milling shows a complex evolution of the 1.94 eV and 2.58 eV emissions which is explained by formation and recovery of defects during milling. REBIC measurements and imaging are used to characterize the formation of a potential barrier at the grain boundaries.
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Please write an abstract with title: Day-ahead Wind Power Predictions at Regional Scales: Post-processing Operational Weather Forecasts with a Hybrid Neural Network, and key words: Training, Computational modeling, Neural networks, Production, Predictive models, Wind power generation, Hybrid power systems. Abstract: A hybrid neural network model, comprising of a convolutional neural network and a multilayer perceptron network, has been developed for day-ahead forecasting of regional scale wind power production. This model requires operational weather forecasts as input and also has the capability to ingest data from ensemble forecasts. Even though the training of the model requires significant computational cost, the actual forecasting can be done within a few minutes on any recent personal computer. The proposed model has demonstrated noteworthy performance at a recent international forecasting competition.
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Please write an abstract with title: Improved Fairness of Multicast Blocking in Elastic Optical Networks, and key words: Integrated optics, Multicast algorithms, Heuristic algorithms, Optical fiber networks, WDM networks, Routing, Dynamic scheduling. Abstract: We re-investigate the problem of RSA in EONs but for the blocking fairness of multicast with different destination counts. An efficient heuristic algorithm is proposed for a lower blocking probability and improved fairness. © 2022 The Author(s)
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Please write an abstract with title: A 3-D model for concentrator solar cells based on distributed circuit units, and key words: Photovoltaic cells, Modeling, Gallium materials/devices. Abstract: A three-dimensional (3-D) distributed model for high-concentrator solar cells based on elementary units made up of electrical circuits is presented. The recombination mechanisms are dealt with in detail, paying special attention to the perimeter properties. No ohmic effect is omitted making this a powerful simulation tool for concentrator solar cells. A shunt resistance is also included. The model allows the simulation of the external connections and nonuniform illumination profiles making this model very useful for optimizing future structures and technological processes. The proposed 3-D model is compared with a lumped, two-diode model in the simulation of a GaAs solar cell operating from 1 to 2000 suns. It is found that the 3-D distributed model agrees satisfactorily with the experimental data for all concentrations. The agreement cannot be made simultaneously for both low and high concentrations for the lumped model.
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Please write an abstract with title: Balance-batch: An Optimized Method for Semantic Segmentation Loss Functions, and key words: Integrated circuits, Image segmentation, Training, Semantics, Deep learning, Biomedical imaging, Roads. Abstract: Class-imbalanced data easily generates under-fitting problems in deep neural networks, which seriously limits the performance of the network. Several schemes have been proposed to alleviate the class-imbalance, i.e., data augmentation and network structure optimization. Our work has two main contributions: First, we proposed an optimized method Balance-batch which invests equal consideration for each class in mini-batch and tries to balance the losses of classes. Optimizing loss functions is a simpler and more effective way to tackle the class-imbalance than others. Second, we extend the binary classification Dice loss which is employed in medical images segmentation to multiple classifications. Multi-classifications dice loss reflects the improvement of Balance-batch to unstable loss functions. Our various loss function experiments on Pascal VOC2012 show the effectiveness of Balance-batch, which is beyond the advanced level of these loss function methods.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Finite Difference, First-Order Perturbation Method for Attenuation in Arbitrarily Shaped Waveguides, and key words: Finite difference methods, Perturbation methods, Attenuation, Electromagnetic waveguides, Surface resistance, Equations, Surface waves, Electromagnetic fields, Conductors, Skin effect. Abstract: The simplest and most frequently used method employed in the calculation of waveguide wall losses proceeds as follows: (1) solve the electromagnetic field under the assumption that the walls are perfectly conducting; (2) calculate the wall currents through knowledge of the magnetic field tangential to the wall; (3) square the current, at each point on the conductor surface, and multiply by the equivalent resistance due to skin effect R/sub s/ = /spl radic/ /spl omega//spl mu//sub o/ / 2/spl sigma/; and (4) integrate over the entire surface to obtain the total power loss. Note that the initial assumption of perfectly conducting walls excludes six-component hybrid fields from consideration --- which, in fact, must exist.
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and Application of an IC Chip Test Instrument Based on HT46RU24, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Information science, Microcontrollers, Digital systems, Instruments, Computational modeling, Digital integrated circuits. Abstract: According to the principle of digital system test and testability, with the HT46RU24 microcontroller as the core, a fixed fault model is established. This instrument can complete the test of TTL series and CMOS series digital integrated circuit chips within 20 pins.
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Harmonic Suppression and Reactive Power Accommodation of Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities, and key words: Reactive power, Harmonics suppression, Analytical models, Filtering, Simulation, Power quality, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: At present, more and more electric vehicle charging facilities are connected to the power grid. However, harmonic current is generated during the operation of electric vehicle charging facilities, which causes power quality problems in power grid. During the field measurement of the reactive power of charging facilities, it is found that the reactive power of some charging facilities is capacitive, and the reactive power compensation device is not put into use. In view of the above problems, a power quality improvement scheme based on passive filtering is proposed to suppress harmonics and absorb reactive power. The simulation model of charging pile and charging station is established in Simulink platform of Matlab, and the harmonic current characteristics are analyzed by simulation, which verifies the feasibility of power quality improvement scheme. This scheme provides a new idea for power quality optimization of charging facilities.
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Please write an abstract with title: High-level architecture exploration for MPEG4 encoder with custom parameters, and key words: MPEG 4 Standard, Computer architecture, Encoding, Costs, Change detection algorithms, Concurrent computing, Topology, Quantization, Partitioning algorithms, Delay. Abstract: This paper proposes the use of a high-level architecture exploration method for different MPEG4 video encoders using different customization parameters. The targeted architecture is a heterogeneous MP-SoC which may include up 2 coarse grain SIMD (task level SIMD) subsystems to perform the computations. The customization parameters are related to video resolution, frame rate, communication network, level of parallelism and CPU types. These parameters are determined during the high-level architecture exploration, by estimating the architecture performances at early stages of the design flow. Experiments shows that the error factor of these high-level performances estimations are less than 10% compared to those obtained with final manually implemented RTL architecture. This method was used successfully for exploration of different MPEG4 architecture configurations with different customization parameters. We consider these experiments a breakthrough because they show how a complex design can be mastered through a set of pragmatic choices.
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Please write an abstract with title: Realtime Thévenin Equivalent Impedance at a PCC in the Italian Power Grid, and key words: Couplings, Power measurement, Phase measurement, Impedance measurement, Power supplies, Current measurement, Wires. Abstract: The increase of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in distribution networks has underlined the need for new strategies to optimally operate DERs by increasing efficiency in generation and distribution of power. Optimal Power Injection enabled by Thévenin equivalent impedance (TEI) measurements is one of such possible strategies, since this permits the evaluation of the optimal currents that need to be injected into or drawn from a network, in order to reduce energy losses. The first measurement campaign was performed in a three phase four wire point of common coupling (PCC) in Cape Town, South Africa, in which the possibility of multiple simultaneous measurement of the TEI of a power supply grid via two points of common coupling was analyzed. In this paper, the results of a measurement campaign to determine the dynamics TEI at a PCC in Italy is discussed. The results show that there is a significant level of imbalance in the TEI across the phases at the PCC.
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Please write an abstract with title: AllSpark: Enabling Long-Range Backscatter for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication, and key words: Backscatter, RFID tags, Vehicle-to-infrastructure, Sensitivity, Received signal strength indicator, Signal to noise ratio, Microstrip antenna arrays. Abstract: Long-range backscatter communication has the potential to provide enough time and space for vehicles to detect traffic information, which is an attractive solution for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication. However, existing backscatter studies either require the tag to be close to the carrier source (ambient backscatter) or have poor receiver sensitivity (RFID), making it challenging to satisfy the high range requirements of V2I communication. In this article, we develop AllSpark to investigate the feasibility of long-range communication enabling backscatter to be applied to V2I. Specifically, to increase RSS to compensate for the enormous dual-path loss in backscatter systems, we first redesign the tag’s radio frequency (RF) front-end to amplify the incident signals, and then we design high-gain directional antennas for the tag and reader. Second, we present EC-Net, an end-to-end demodulator that selectively enhances signal features (denoising) and is tuned to lower classification (demodulation) error to maximize demodulation accuracy. Furthermore, we adopt convolutional encoding for tag data and use the output probability of EC-Net to design an effective soft decoder to resist occasional interference and noise, improving communication robustness. Our prototype and experiments outdoors verify the effectiveness of AllSpark which can provide a communication range of 700 m. Even in a moving scene, it can achieve a communication range of 600 m, demonstrating that AllSpark has the potential to be applied for autonomous driving and low-flying drones to detect traffic conditions.
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Please write an abstract with title: A wireless microsystem for the remote sensing of pressure, temperature, and relative humidity, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Remote sensing, Temperature sensors, Humidity, Transducers, Remote monitoring, Bonding, Gold, Oscillators, Capacitance. Abstract: This work presents a microsystem that utilizes inductive power and data transfer through a backscatter-modulated carrier and a transducer interface that monitors its environment through embedded capacitive transducers. Formed on a single chip, transducers for temperature, pressure, and relative humidity are realized using a silicon-on-glass process that combines anodic bonding and a silicon-gold eutectic to realize vacuum-sealed cavities with low-impedance (6 /spl Omega/) electrical feedthroughs. Temperature is sensed capacitively using a row of Si/Au bimorph beams that produce a sensitivity of 15 fF//spl deg/C from 20 to 100/spl deg/C. The absolute pressure sensors have a sensitivity of 15 fF/torr and a range from 500 to 1200 torr, while the relative humidity sensor responds with 39 fF/%RH from 20 to 95%RH. A relaxation oscillator implements low-power capacitance-to-frequency conversion on a second chip with a sensitivity of 750 Hz/pF at 10 kHz, forming a 341 /spl mu/W transducer interface. The system is remotely powered by a 3-MHz carrier and has a volume of 32 mm/sup 3/, including the hybrid antenna wound around the perimeter of the system.
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Please write an abstract with title: Hierarchical scheduling optimization method based on DSM multi-type flexible load model for smart grid, and key words: Adaptation models, Costs, Distribution networks, Data models, Dispatching, Stability analysis, Smart grids. Abstract: In order to handle the increasing difficulty of power grid dispatching, this paper expounds an optimization model of power grid dispatching when flexible load is connected. The flexible load is divided into three types: interruptible load, translational load and adjustable load. And the Latin square quantum genetic algorithm(LSQGA) is used to solve the optimization problem in nonlinear programming, which improves the efficiency of the optimization model and solves the local optimal problem. Finally, a distribution network in a certain region is taken as a case study, and the results show the effectiveness of this method.
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Please write an abstract with title: Spatio-temporal turn-on dynamics of VCSELs, and key words: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Apertures, Optical polarization, Physics, Surface emitting lasers, Stimulated emission, Optical pumping, Power generation, Charge coupled devices, Charge-coupled image sensors. Abstract: We present 2D-spatially and picosecond-resolved measurements of VCSEL emission, unveiling their rich dynamics, manifesting itself in temporal changes of the modal, polarization and spatial characteristics.
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4,270
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Please write an abstract with title: Kinematic Redundancy in Robot Grasp Synthesis. An Efficient Tree-based Representation, and key words: Kinematics, Fingers, Robotics and automation, Grippers, Robot sensing systems, Intelligent sensors, Orbital robotics, Automatic control, Intelligent robots, End effectors. Abstract: A redundancy resolution technique devoted to grasp synthesis is presented. Given a set of contact points and a certain robot arm and gripper, the goal is to select both the best assignment of gripper fingers to contact points and the best joint values that allow the fingers to reach such contact points. The system proposed is based on the generation of an inverse kinematics tree where fast searches can be performed in order to find the optimum configuration. Optimality is defined as similarity to previously stored examples over a hierarchical structure of configuration data, which includes finger assignments and robot joints.
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4,271
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Please write an abstract with title: Coordination in Intelligent Grid Environments, and key words: Computational intelligence, Grid computing, Intelligent systems, State-space methods, History, Computational Intelligence Society, Biology computing, Virtual prototyping, Laboratories, Computational biology. Abstract: A computational grid is a complex system. The state space of a complex system is very large and it is infeasible to create a rigid infrastructure implementing optimal policies and strategies which take into account the current state of the system. An alternative to a rigid infrastructure is to base the system's reactions on logical inference, planning, and learning, the quintessential elements of an intelligent system. An intelligent grid is one where societal services exhibit intelligent behavior. A coordination service acting as a proxy on behalf of end users reacts to unforeseen events, plans how to carry out complex tasks, and learns from the history of the system. Various policies implemented by the societal services of an intelligent grid, such as brokerage and matchmaking, are based upon rules and facts gathered with the aid of a monitoring service. The question we address is how to construct intelligent computational grids which are truly scalable and could respond to the needs of a diverse user community. We present a prototype of a system used for a virtual laboratory in computational biology.
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4,272
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Please write an abstract with title: Explainable DRC Hotspot Prediction with Random Forest and SHAP Tree Explainer, and key words: Predictive models, Routing, Training, Feature extraction, Pins, Radio frequency, Layout. Abstract: With advanced technology nodes, resolving design rule check (DRC) violations has become a cumbersome task, which makes it desirable to make predictions at earlier stages of the design flow. In this paper, we show that the Random Forest (RF) model is quite effective for the DRC hotspot prediction at the global routing stage, and in fact significantly outperforms recent prior works, with only a fraction of the runtime to develop the model. We also propose, for the first time, to adopt a recent explanatory metric-the SHAP value-to make accurate and consistent explanations for individual DRC hotspot predictions from RF. Experiments show that RF is 21%-60% better in predictive performance on average, compared with promising machine learning models used in similar works (e.g. SVM and neural networks) while exhibiting good explainability, which makes it ideal for DRC hotspot prediction.
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4,273
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Please write an abstract with title: Relative Autonomous Navigation Without Communication between Spacecrafts Using Line of Sight Measurements, and key words: Space vehicles, Mathematical model, Quaternions, Kalman filters, Angular velocity, Covariance matrices, Orbits. Abstract: A novel algorithm to use line of sight (LOS) measurements for relative position, attitude and angular rate estimation for autonomous spacecraft navigation is developed. Traditional relative attitude navigation is based on gyro measurements from the spacecrafts in formation for estimating angular rates. But it requires information exchange between the two spacecrafts and continuous availability of gyro data. The loss of gyro data can result in high propagation errors. The approach presented here can determine relative angular velocity in the event of gyro failures or communication delays. Previously, an algorithm for spacecraft angular rate estimation for star tracker based attitude determination had been proposed. In this paper, this algorithm is extended to estimate relative angular rates from the LOS measurements without assuming any on-board star tracker or gyros. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used here to estimate the relative motion. The state of the EKF consists of relative quaternion, angular velocity, position and velocity. The dynamic model of the relative motion is based on generalized Clohessy and Wiltshire equations. The angular acceleration of the follower spacecraft is modeled by Gaussian white noise. This is done for estimating relative angular rates. Numerical simulations are carried out to analyze the performance of this algorithm.
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4,274
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Please write an abstract with title: Panel: The Key to EDA Results: Component & Library Management, and key words: Electronic design automation and methodology, Costs, Time to market, Engineering management, Electronic components, Software libraries, Standardization, Knowledge management, Concurrent engineering, Data engineering. Abstract: In the last twelve years the EDA industry has grown from infancy to annual revenues of over $2 billion. Yet the industry has fallen short of its potential to dramatically reduce time-to-market, product cost, and development cost. End-users now believe that much of this shortfall is related to the inability of EDA frameworks and tools to enable important design practices such as parts standardization, re-use of component and library knowledge, and the enterprise-wide management and sharing of component information and EDA libraries in support of concurrent engineering. Sixty to eighty percent of the cost of an electronic product or system is determined by the choice of the electronic components used in it. These components are usually selected in the first few weeks of the design cycle, often based on incomplete information. Product cost and time-to-market can be reduced significantly if design engineers have immediate, desktop access to a Component and Library Management System (CLMS) that provides them with complete, consistent, and up-to-date information on their preferred components and vendors (including their own cost, quality, and process information), as well as fingertip access to a large reference data-base of all electronic components that are important to them. CLMS enables selection of the best components. Correspondingly, the cost and time associated with creating, managing, and sharing EDA libraries for each new design significantly increases overall development cost and cycle time. A CLMS can largely eliminate this problem by providing software tools for the rapid generation and management of complete, consistent, and correlated libraries that support the multiple CAE/CAD tools of multiple vendors throughout the system-level design process, from schematic capture through simulation to PCB layout. While end-users agree that there is an urgent need for a CLMS that is an integrated, neutral, and common solution to their diverse component information and library problems, many issues remain: - Should the EDA-neutral CLMS of choice be provided by each different EDA tools provider, by an independent third-party CLMS provider, or be developed internally by each end user? - What is the role of re-usable EDA-neutral enterprise-wide libraries vs. separate libraries for each set of EDA tools, for each department or project? - What are the system requirements for a CLMS to maximize its benefits to end-users? - What is the right pricing model for the CLMS? For a reference component database? For standard, off-the-shelf EDA libraries? - Should the component data and libraries be provided by semiconductor companies, EDA providers, or third parties?
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Please write an abstract with title: Rapid space architecture development and analysis using an integrated toolset, and key words: Space vehicles, Performance analysis, Payloads, Space missions, Aerospace engineering, Scheduling, Satellites, Postal services, Design engineering, Cost function. Abstract: Concurrent engineering methodologies (CEMs) have become standard practice for conceptual spacecraft design. These methodologies have been implemented in spacecraft design tools for use by single users as well as for multiple analysts linked over a network performing more complex or broader analyses. Along with the development of these tools, there has also been an increasing need to analyze future space system options at a broader, architectural level. The trade space for such an analysis may include constellation design (altitude, inclination, number), payload sizing, and spacecraft bus configuration. The goal is to be able to span a wide trade space while maintaining analytical fidelity, and arrive at an integrated solution in a short amount of time. This need was recently highlighted during Air Force Space Command's operationally responsive spacelift (ORS) analysis of alternatives (AoA) study, in which several different space architectures had to be generated to support a rather compressed study schedule. This paper describes the development and utilization of the space architecture development and analysis tool (SADAT) which allowed rapid generation of hundreds of system options and the final selection of 30 different space systems to be included as part of the study. The extension of this tool to incorporate more models, such as launch vehicle sizing and cost estimation, extending automation and optimization, and its use as pre-study tool for the Aerospace Corporation's Concept Design Center (CDC) are also discussed.
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4,276
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Please write an abstract with title: Combining Distributed and Central Control for Self-Adaptive Systems of Systems, and key words: Systematics, Conferences, Prototypes, Software quality, Software systems, Control theory, Distributed computing. Abstract: Distributed and central control are two complementary paradigms to establish self-adaptation in software systems. Both approaches have their individual benefits and drawbacks, which lead to significant trade-offs regarding certain software qualities when designing such systems. The significance of these trade-offs even increases the more complex the target system becomes. In this paper, we present our work-in-progress towards an integrated control approach, which aims at providing the best of both control paradigms. We present the basic concepts of this multi-paradigm approach and outline its inherent support for complex system hierarchies. Further, we illustrate the vision of our approach using application scenarios from the smart energy grid as an example for self-adaptive systems of systems.
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4,277
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Please write an abstract with title: A comparative study of statistical and neural methods for remote-sensing image classification and decision fusion, and key words: Remote sensing, Image classification, Neural networks, Statistical analysis, Multispectral imaging, Bayesian methods, Multi-layer neural network, Parameter estimation, Pixel, Multilayer perceptrons. Abstract: This paper focuses on evaluating a number of statistical and neural methods for supervised, pixel-wise remote-sensing image classification and decision fusion. Despite the enormous progress in the analysis of remote sensing imagery over the past three decades, still much is desired in the area of image classification as no specific algorithm is known to provide accurate results under all circumstances. Decision fusion may be pursued to combine the outputs of different classifiers applied on the same data, in the hope of combining the best of what each approach provides. We report the results of the comparison between several classification and fusion methods on two real datasets, one of which is the standard benchmark Satimage dataset. It is shown that the fusion approaches can indeed outperform the performance of the best classifier.
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4,278
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Please write an abstract with title: Protocol design and implementation of VLC/OCC heterogeneous network, and key words: Radio frequency, Underwater communication, Computer network reliability, Materials reliability, Access protocols, Reliability engineering, Cameras. Abstract: Nowadays, VLC/RF heterogeneous network has been widely studied, but the network is not working properly under the scenario of restricted RF technology (underwater communication and mine communication, strong magnetic environment such as high voltage distribution room, hospital radiology department, etc.). This paper studies the visible light communication (VLC)/ optical camera communication (OCC) heterogeneous network which can be applied under the scenario of restricted RF technology. We design the frame format, access protocol, communication protocol and build the experimental platform. The experiments show that the heterogeneous network designed in this paper can achieve reliable VLC communication at 1Mbps within 4.6m and reliable OCC communication at 240Kbps.
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4,279
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Please write an abstract with title: A novel approach for digital waveform compression [IC simulation data], and key words: Data engineering, Circuit simulation, Power engineering computing, Signal processing, Computer science, Computational modeling, Circuit testing, Databases, Power engineering and energy, Computer simulation. Abstract: The waveform data, which is gathered during digital simulation of large and complex systems, easily fills up huge amounts of disk space on the simulation computer. This is specially true for many deep-submicron designs. Hence, we developed a set of algorithms and techniques which can be used to efficiently compress digital waveforms without losing any significant information from the original data. Experimental results show that compression ratios of up to 300, compared to an original VCD formatted file, can be achieved.
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4,280
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing In-Motion Wireless Charging Service Efficiency for Electric Vehicles: A Game Theoretic Approach, and key words: Cyber physical systems and applicationsInternet of Things (IoT) devices, gateways, and infrastructure. Abstract: With the application of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) techniques for Electric Vehicles (EVs), public transportation EVs are expected to be continuously operable without recharging downtime. A road segment equipped with an inmotion wireless charger is called a charger lane. To maximize the service efficiency of deployed in-motion wireless chargers without suffering from traffic congestion, we must properly manage the traffic of the EVs and coordinate their arrivals at the charger lanes to avoid the generation of traffic congestion at the charger lanes and on the road segments to them. In this paper, we propose WPT-Opt, a game theoretic approach for Optimizing in-motion wireless charging service efficiency, minimizing EVs' time spent on the way to the charger, and avoiding traffic congestion at the charger lanes, to fulfill this task. We studied a metropolitan-scale dataset of public transportation EVs, and observed the EVs' spatial and temporal preference in selecting chargers, competition for chargers during busy charging times, and the relationship between vehicle density and driving velocity on a road segment. Then, we formulate a non-cooperative Stackelberg game between all the EVs and a central controller, in which each EV aims at minimizing its charging time cost to its selected target charger, while the central controller tries to maximally avoid the generation of congestion on the in-motion wireless chargers and the road segments to them in the near future. Our tracedriven experiments on SUMO demonstrate that WPT-Opt can maximally reduce the average charging time cost of the EVs by approximately 200% during different hours of a day.
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4,281
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Please write an abstract with title: Modeling Ground-Air Wireless Connectivity: Continuous Connection Probability Analysis, and key words: Aircraft, Germanium, Probability, Wireless communication, Satellite broadcasting, Atmospheric modeling, Attenuation. Abstract: In this paper, we consider three ground-aircraft communication issues, namely, ground-centric connectivity, aircraft-centric connectivity, and link capacity analysis. Particularly, we propose the continuous connection probability over at least τ seconds, termed as τ-connectivity, for the ground-centric link and aircraft-centric link respectively, which are derived in the expression of several key parameters such as the aircraft/ground station density, the aircraft velocity, and the connectable elevation angle threshold. Theoretical tradeoff between ergodic outage capacity and the number of connected aircraft is analyzed for low and high transmit power regimes. The hypotheses in the ground-centric τ-connectivity model are tested, and we observe a good match between the theoretic probability and the real world data-based probability although some real world aircraft statistic characters do not match the ideal assumption perfectly. Next, the aircraft-centric τ-connectivity is analyzed theoretically. Approximate yet practically accurate closed form aircraft-centric connection probabilities are derived and verified with Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, considering atmospheric gas and cloud attenuation, we compare the link budget and capacity between the ground-centric ground-to-aircraft link and the ground-to-satellite link under the τ-connectivity and demonstrate the advantage of ground-aircraft communication.
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4,282
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Please write an abstract with title: Algebraic and Optimization Based Algorithms for Multivariate Regression Using Symmetric Tensor Decomposition, and key words: Tensile stress, Optimization, Symmetric matrices, Linear systems, Computational complexity, Multivariate regression, Matrix decomposition. Abstract: Multivariate regression is an important task in domains such as machine learning and statistics. We cast this regression problem as a linear system with a solution that is a vectorized symmetric tensor, which is assumed to be of low rank. We show that the structure of the data and the decomposition can be exploited to obtain efficient optimization methods. Furthermore, we show that an algebraic algorithm can be derived even if the number of given data points is low. We demonstrate good performance of our regression model using a real-life dataset from materials science.
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4,283
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Please write an abstract with title: DInSAR based Analysis of January 2020 Eruption of Fernandina Volcano, Galapagos, and key words: Sea surface, Time series analysis, Geoscience and remote sensing, Volcanoes, Synthetic aperture radar, Strain, Interferometry. Abstract: Fernandina is the westernmost and the most active volcano in the Galapagos archipelago. It is a basaltic shield volcano with a summit caldera of dimension 5×6.5 km. Recently, the volcano erupted on January 12, 2020, preceded by a seismic shock of magnitude 4.7 at a depth of 5 km. The subsequent seismic activities have led to the formation of a circumferential fissure below the La Cumbre crater's eastern rim, at an elevation of 1.3-1.4 km. The lava flow has occurred down the flank to the sea through this fissure. This volcanic episode has continued up to 9 hours. The InSAR time series method is a multi-temporal InSAR technique used to detect slowly occurring deformations with a millimeter level of precision using a stack of SAR interferograms. In this paper, the Differential InSAR has been used to analyze Fernandina volcano's surface deformation due to this recent eruption. The interferograms of the volcano before, during, and after the eruption have been analyzed in detail using the freely available Sentinel 1 C-band datasets from 2019 December 17 to 2020 February 09. The integration of all these analyses gives an insight into the underground magma conduit system, the correlation between the magmatic and seismic activities, surface deformations, and the lava flow channels, which have been discussed in detail in this paper.
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4,284
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Please write an abstract with title: Real-time optical transponder prototype with autonegotiation protocol for software defined networks, and key words: Transponders, Protocols, Field programmable gate arrays, Real-time systems, Optical transmitters, Training, Ethernet. Abstract: We present a prototype transponder with fast synchronized change of parameters in the case of traffic quality degradation thanks to link impairment detection and autonegotiation capabilities. This concept has been implemented and validated in real time using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform, a Raspberry Pi, and a commercial transponder. We introduce an autonegotiation protocol for local decision-making between two transponders. We measure the latency added by this protocol processing cores inside the FPGA. We then integrate this transponder prototype inside a network testbed, where we compare its performance in detecting and resolving a soft failure against a centralized software-defined network control and management plane. Our solution proves to be 2 times faster and shows less variability on average than a centralized one. This work is complementary to control plane decision-making and brings further flexibility with the idea in mind to promote wider use of reconfigurations toward close-to-zero-margin optical networks.
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4,285
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Please write an abstract with title: Fault diagnosis of wave sensor based on wavelet packet and improved RBF neural network, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Dimensionality reduction, Visualization, Automation, Neural networks, Artificial neural networks, Wavelet analysis. Abstract: This paper presents a method to diagnose faults of wave sensor. Firstly, the simulated fault signal of wave sensors is decomposed by wavelet packet, then the feature vector of the fault signal is constructed, the feature vector is inputted into the improved RBF neural network. The improve RBF neural network adopts a mean shift algorithm to solve the problem of exactly determining the center vector of a traditional RBF neural network. Finally the results are visualized by t-sne dimensionality reduction method. Experiments show that this method can effectively determine the center vector of RBF neural network, and the accuracy of fault type recognition can be boosted.
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4,286
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Please write an abstract with title: A Systematic Review On Sentiment Analysis Approaches, and key words: Sentiment analysis, Video on demand, Systematics, Machine learning algorithms, Social networking (online), Text categorization, Blogs. Abstract: With the rise of social media on the internet, one of the most important study fields is sentiment analysis. Millions of people trade their thoughts, ideas, expressions, sentiments, and opinions on social media sites such as Twitter, YouTube, Facebook, and others, infusing a lot of passion into human life these days. Sentiment analysis, often known as opinion mining, is primarily concerned withthe classification and prediction of people's attitudes toward a certain topic. It's also known as “emotion mining” or “feeling mining.” It entails categorizing written documents or sentences into positive or negative categories based on the expressed perspective on a certain issue. Although sentiment analysis appears to be comparable to text classification, it confronts a number of obstacles that have prompted a lot of research in this area. Different machine learning (ML) & lexicon-based algorithms have been developed in the narrative to automate the sentiment analysis task. We provide the findings of a tertiary study in this paper, which intends to investigate the current level of research. So that future investigators with better knowledge might create new automated approaches that solve all of the problems and provide the greatest results.
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4,287
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing the Analysis and Evaluation of Logic Simulation Workloads in HPC Systems, and key words: Distributed Computing, Logic Simulation, High-Performance Computing (HPC), Cluster Management. Abstract: The increasing transistor density and the data-intensive nature of modern applications impede the development of exhaustive validations and reliability estimations in feasible times. Traditional evaluation strategies use simulation-based Fault Injection (FI), demanding considerable computational power. Thus, computation in High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems has become relevant. However, most FIs workloads follow sequential behaviors, impacting their effectiveness and efficiency in HPCs. This work proposes a method to analyze FI workloads and exploit HPCs. The technique uses container managers to boost the throughput and performance of sequential FI workloads used in dependability analyses. Our results demonstrate that Logic Simulation Workloads performance can improve up to 600 times.
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4,288
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Please write an abstract with title: Edges: Evenly Distributing Garbage-Collections for Enterprise SSDs via Stochastic Optimization, and key words: Measurement, Heuristic algorithms, Stochastic processes, Process control, Drives, Hard disks, Control systems. Abstract: Solid-state drives (SSDs) have been widely used in various computing systems owing to their significant advantages over hard disk drives (HDDs). One critical challenge that hinders its further adoption in enterprise systems is to resolve the performance variability issue caused by the garbage collection (GC) process that frees flash memory containing invalid data. To overcome this challenge, we formulate a stochastic optimization model that characterizes the nature of the GC process and considers both total GC count and GC distribution over time. Based on the optimization model, we propose Edges, an innovative self-adaptive GC strategy that evenly distributes GCs for enterprise SSDs. The key insight behind Edges is that the number of invalid pages is a finer-grained metric of triggering GCs than the number of free blocks. By testing various traces from practical applications, we show that Edges is able to reduce the total GC counts by as high as 70.17% and GC variance by up to 57.29%, compared to the state-of-the-art GC algorithm.
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4,289
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Please write an abstract with title: Reasoning over Bayesian Networks using Semantic Artificial Neural Networks, and key words: Parameter estimation, Semantics, Estimation, Artificial neural networks, Medical services, Machine learning, Cognition. Abstract: Representation of application domains, related concepts and their dependencies is often achieved using Bayesian Networks. In Bayesian Networks nodes represent random variables and arcs represent their dependencies. Since inference over Bayesian Networks is a complex task in this work a novel approach for representing and reasoning over Bayesian Networks using Semantically labeled Neural Networks is proposed and evaluated. Using Semantic Neural Networks combines advantages of Neural Networks such as wide adoption and highly optimized implementations while preserving the interpretability of Bayesian Networks which is an important requirement, especially in medical applications. In addition the proposed approach is evaluated over medical datasets with positive results
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4,290
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Please write an abstract with title: A Minimum Variance Distortionless Response Spectral Estimator with Kronecker Product Filters, and key words: Simulation, Estimation, Europe, Coherence, Distortion. Abstract: Spectral estimation is of significant practical importance in a wide range of applications. This paper proposes a minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) method for spectral estimation based on the Kronecker product. Taking advantage of the particular structure of the Fourier vector, we decompose it as a Kronecker product of two shorter vectors. Then, we design the spectral estimation filters under the same structure, i.e., as a Kronecker product of two filters. Consequently, the conventional MVDR spectrum problem is transformed to one of estimating two filters of much shorter lengths. Since it has much fewer parameters to estimate, the proposed method is able to achieve better performance than its conventional counterpart, particularly when the number of available signal samples is small. Also presented in this paper is the generalization to the estimation of the cross-spectrum and coherence function.
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4,291
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Please write an abstract with title: Make arc erosion and welding tendency under 42 VDC in automotive area [electric contacts], and key words: Welding, Automotive engineering, Switches, Contacts, Voltage, Relays, Automotive materials, Power system simulation, Laser transitions, Power lasers. Abstract: In this paper, we give the progress of a research program on arc phenomena and their consequences on contact materials for the next car generation power system, 42 VDC. We investigated make arc erosion, welding tendency and welding forces for the materials Ag, AgZnO, AgNi and AgSnO/sub 2/ under resistive loads and with a current range from 10 to 90 A. Using previous testing apparatus, developed for 14 VDC, we have simulated a mechanical bounce observed in relays (600 /spl mu/s duration and 80 /spl mu/m height) at make. We have found that a low material transfer from the cathode to the anode takes place at low current. However, at higher current, the transfer is in a reverse direction and the amount of material transferred is higher but this amount depends mainly on the bounce profile. In addition, a welding phenomenon appears at high current levels and can reach up to 20% of the welding tendency. However, high welding tendency does not correspond to high welding forces: this is the case of AgZnO compared to Ag.
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4,292
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Please write an abstract with title: Backward Weighted Coding, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Data compression, Encoding, Entropy, Compression algorithms. Abstract: Extending recently suggested methods, a new dynamic compression algorithm is proposed, which assigns larger weights to characters that have just been coded by means of an increasing weight function. Empirical results present its efficient compression performance, which, for input files with locally skewed distributions, can improve beyond the lower bound given by the entropy for static encoding, at the price of slower running times for compression, and comparable time for decompression.
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4,293
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Please write an abstract with title: Covid-19 Vaccine Tweets - Sentiment Analysis, and key words: COVID-19, Waste materials, Sentiment analysis, Social networking (online), Pandemics, Blogs, Vaccines. Abstract: The primary goal of this study is to identify various kinds of tweets that are shared on Twitter in order to learn about how people really feel about this Covid-19 vaccination and also to analyze its impact on society. Social media is the key source where we can learn about people's feeling, reactions about Covid-19. The secondary goal is to identify the main types of vaccine hesitant tweeters, why they are against the vaccination program and is it bad or not. This may give additional ideas on the types of Twitter users that refuse to get vaccinated information. One of the social media capabilities is to track the condition of public health, but the purpose here is not primarily to identify vaccine concerns, since these have been revealed in previous surveys, but to describe the information shared on Twitter, precisely from tweets that are posted by the masses, because of the risk that it is spreading hesitancy. Similarly, although this study is not about politics, vaccine hesitancy has political dimensions that will be explored when it is needed to.
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4,294
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Please write an abstract with title: Guest Editors' Introduction: Research in the Digital Government Realm, and key words: US Government, Disaster management, Safety, Computer science, Collaborative work, Information management, Guidelines, Technology management, Educational institutions, Transportation. Abstract: As they focus on the challenges that those who implement digital government face, computer science researchers practice nearly the entire spectrum of their discipline, working in collaboration with scientists from other disciplines in pursuit of answers to questions about information management, policy, and technology in government. Sidebar, p. 27. An IT View of Emergency ManagementJosé H. Canós, Technical University of Valencia, SpainMarcos R.S. Borges, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Gustavo Alonso, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Switzerland An emergency plan provides guidelines that government agencies can use for making management decisions promptly and efficiently when a critical emergency occurs. Sidebar, p. 28.Public Safety and Cross-Boundary Data Sharing: Lessons from the CapWin ProjectChristine B. Williams, Janis L. Gogan, and Jane Fedorowicz, Bentley CollegeThe CapWIN project represents one of the first integrated multistate transportation and public safety wireless networks in the US, enabling data interoperability for first responders wherever they are. Sidebar, p. 29.In the Real World of Digital Government: Successes and Challenges of E-RulemakingNeil Eisner, US Department of TransportationThe government currently uses electronic technology in all aspects of the e-rulemaking process, and it is working to develop additional methods that will help the public provide good data to use in making governmental decisions. Sidebar, p. 30.Research Issues in Healthcare InformaticsSylvia J. Spengler, US National Science FoundationAddressing both citizen needs and professional interests, which will be critical to gaining acceptance of a multifaceted approach to healthcare informatics, requires the kind of multifaceted approach that has been a hallmark of the NSF digital government program.
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4,295
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Please write an abstract with title: Complex Haar transform, and key words: Discrete transforms, Flow graphs, Signal processing, Image processing, Speech analysis, Wiener filter, Sparse matrices, Linearity, Autocorrelation, Application software. Abstract: A new discrete orthogonal transform called complex Haar transform (CHT) is defined and developed. Several of its properties, such as linearity, uniqueness, dyadic autocorrelation, and dyadic shift-invariant spectrum, are outlined. Efficient algorithms for fast computation of CHT and its inverse are developed. The effectiveness of CHT in signal and image processing applications is investigated.
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4,296
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Please write an abstract with title: Improved QPSO with Selected Random Mean for Electromagnetic Problems, and key words: Electrical engineering, Process control, Benchmark testing, Probabilistic logic, Search problems, Particle measurements, Solenoids. Abstract: A new QPSO (Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization) with selected random mean is proposed in this paper for solving electromagnetic optimization problems. The selection procedure is a probabilistic mechanism indirectly based on the fitness measure of the solutions, solutions which are candidates for the QPSO mean term. The selection is controlled through a locality search parameter which is adapted during the optimization process to improve the overall performance of the algorithm. To test the performances two benchmark electromagnetic functions are considered, namely TEAM22 and Loney's solenoid.
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4,297
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Please write an abstract with title: Freshness Aware Caching for Wireless D2D Network with Helpers, and key words: Edge Caching, Age of Information, Helper, Transmission Cost, Accessing Strategy. Abstract: In a wireless device-to-device (D2D) network, mobile edge caching can reduce transmission cost for network traffic, but it may also cause outdated caching information. How to reduce the transmission cost and improve the freshness of information becomes an important issue. A dedicated caching device called helper which has a large cache can be used in a wireless D2D network, which can significantly improve the performance of network. In this paper, to better model the file-centric data transmission, we proposed a concept called age of file (AoF), which is defined as the duration from the latest updating of the file. We analyzed the AoF, energy cost and updating cost of the files in the network level. We comprehensively consider the AoF and energy cost through the maximum and minimum normalization methods, and proposed an AoF-based accessing strategy. In the strategy, users can adjust the access of files according to their demand for file freshness and improve the quality of service. The results indicate that this strategy can reduce the energy cost for file transmission and reduce the total cost of the entire network while satisfying the freshness of files.
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4,298
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Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Pedestrian Information Using HMI on Driving Characteristics, and key words: Roads, Safety, Timing, Research and development, Cybernetics, Vehicles. Abstract: To reduce the number of traffic fatalities, research and development of safety systems is currently under way. However, drivers are still required to judge traffic situations and operate vehicles safely. Therefore, the aim of this study is to clarify the effect of pedestrian information provided by a human–machine interface (HMI) on driving characteristics under different traffic conditions when vehicles turn right at intersections and drive straight where a pedestrian is crossing. The system is designed to present information on pedestrians to the drivers through the HMI. The experimental results reveal that the presentation of pedestrian information by the HMI increases the time to collision (TTC) and decreases closest distance to the pedestrian at intersections and on straight roads. Thus, it is effective for drivers to ensure safety. In contrast, results reveal that the presentation by the HMI has no effect on increasing the TTC or decreasing the closest distance to the pedestrian in the two types of driving situations; one case where the ego vehicle makes a right turn at the intersection just after the oncoming vehicle turns left, and another case where the ego vehicle goes straight with good visibility. Therefore, for a more effective HMI, a suitable design or timing of pedestrian information should be considered, depending on various traffic environments.
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4,299
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Please write an abstract with title: On a simplification of non-linear wavelets and its application to image compression/reconstruction, and key words: Image coding, Image reconstruction. Abstract: Summary form only given. A simplification of non-linear wavelets, which can be recognized as morphological wavelets, is proposed. The proposed non-linear wavelets can be deduced based on the perfect reconstruction condition with respect to analysis/synthesis operations, and it can be performed with low computational complexity compared with conventional non-linear wavelets. Through image compression/reconstruction experiments using 10 images extracted from the standard image database (SIDBA), it is confirmed that the root mean square of the proposed wavelet is decreased to 86.03% of that of the conventional one.
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