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Please write an abstract with title: OPTI: Order Preparation Time Inference for On-demand Delivery, and key words: Correlation, Conferences, Estimation, Training data, Semisupervised learning, Dispatching, Task analysis. Abstract: On-demand delivery has become an increasingly popular urban service in recent years as it facilitates citizens' daily lives significantly. Different from traditional logistics services, e.g., FedEx and UPS, on-demand delivery is expected to be completed within a relatively short time, e.g., 30 minutes to 1 hour. In the fulfillment cycle, the order preparation time estimation is extremely important, which can be used for many applications such as improving order dispatching and fulfillment time estimation. Existing work is generally based on high-cost physical devices or large-scale labeled training data, which are not feasible in on-demand delivery services. We solve this problem based on already collected different kinds of data from the on-demand delivery platform, e.g., the courier's reported arrival time to the merchant. Our intuition is that couriers' reported time implicitly reflects the order preparation time, which leads to a challenge: complicated correlations between the couriers' reported arrival time and the order preparation time. To solve this challenge, we design an order preparation time inference framework OPTI, which first constructs a self-supervised classification task based on the couriers' reported arrival time to infer the coarse-grained order preparation time, and then exploits semi-supervised learning to transfer the coarse-grained time to fine-grained time inference. We implement and evaluate OPTI in the [anonymous] platform, which is one of the largest on-demand delivery platforms in the world. Experimental results show that OPTI can improve the accuracy of inference by 5% to 17% compared to the state-of-the-art solutions.
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4,001
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Please write an abstract with title: Sinusoidally chirped fiber Bragg grating for DWDM applications, and key words: Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical fiber polarization, Fiber gratings, Bandwidth, Chirp, Tellurium, Bragg gratings, Band pass filters, Optical reflection, Delay. Abstract: Summary form only given. Recently, many new profiles and structures of fiber gratings are proposed and demonstrated for high bandwidth utilization of optical filters. Here, we propose a new fiber grating structure whose period is sinusoidally chirped. The fiber grating provides abrupt-edges and flat-top passband channel with high side lobe suppression (>30 dB). We show uniform multiple wavelength operation by sampling this proposed fiber grating.
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4,002
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Please write an abstract with title: A graphical notation for describing data flow in digital filters, and key words: Flow graphs, Digital filters, Signal processing algorithms, Signal processing, Parallel processing, Delay, Shift registers, Counting circuits, Concurrent computing, Filtering. Abstract: This paper illustrates a graphical notation that provides a clear representation of the data flow in digital filters. The notation accommodates situations in which state variables are accessed and updated sequentially, and in which several arithmetic and data transfer operations take place concurrently. It has been found useful for verifying the correctness of algorithms developed for a dedicated LSI signal processor that has a high degree of functional parallelism.
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4,003
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing the Operational Time of Ambient Assisting Living Robots, and key words: Robot sensing systems, Field programmable gate arrays, Monitoring, Batteries, Cameras. Abstract: In the context of H2020 RADIO project, a novel approach is proposed exploiting low power mobile robotic embedded systems toward enhancing quality of life of the elderly users in their domestic environments. Consequently, unobtrusiveness is of paramount importance. However, the utilization of state-of-the-art robotic platforms in real-life scenarios is undermined by limited autonomy and scarce battery capacity. This article presents a profile driver approach to minimize the usage of the excessively power consuming components, thus drastically extend the time duration the platform can operate without requiring recharging during the day. The proposed methodology takes as inputs: first, the daily activity patterns of the patient, second, information about the domestic environment, and third, the power profile of the platform and outputs the robot operational time.
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4,004
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Please write an abstract with title: A Game- Theoretic Approach for Uncoordinated Access to Cognitive Resources, and key words: Performance evaluation, 5G mobile communication, Computational modeling, Focusing, Quality of service, Probability, Heterogeneous networks. Abstract: Cognitive radio networks are evolving as a strong enabler of Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity in newer generations of wireless communication systems such as 5G and beyond 5G (B5G). This connectivity presents challenges specifically in heterogeneous networks with spectrum sharing and primary users' constraints. The setup considered in this work is representative of a heterogeneous environment of IoT users (devices) competing for channel access with present primary users. This work proposes a game-theoretic strategy for uncoordinated channel access in a communication environment to alleviate the overhead of coordination and protect primary user's constraints. A multi-user cognitive environment is investigated in this article, where secondary users of the system communicate over a channel licensed to the primary user while satisfying the outage probability requirements of the primary user of the channel. Focusing on one secondary user, we devise a channel access strategy that achieves the intended performance objectives while satisfying the quality of service constraints. The secondary user of interest is modeled as a resource-constrained device that chooses to transmit over the channel only during select time intervals. The dynamical interaction between the secondary users is modeled using iterated zero-determinant game-theoretic strategies. The results of this work indicate that the selected secondary user has the potential to achieve its long-term target performance using the iterated game-theoretic strategies and show the impact of the strategy parameters on the performance metrics.
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4,005
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Model of Academic Status Based on Deep Learning, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Information science, Machine learning algorithms, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Data models. Abstract: For universities, the quality of talent training is particularly important. This article attempts to use machine learning methods to build a predictive model, using undergraduates’ entrance scores and the scores obtained in the first two years of university as the data source, With the increase of training times, the prediction accuracy of the model proposed in this paper is better than other algorithms, which can explain the method proposed in this paper. Has a certain universality and promotion.
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4,006
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Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Clustering for Customer Segmentation by Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm, and key words: Clustering algorithms, Signal processing algorithms, Signal processing, Intelligent systems, Search problems, Convergence, Mathematical model. Abstract: One of the main issues in cluster analysis is to determine the correct number of clusters in the real-world applications. This study suggests an adaptive Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm to perform the automatic clustering and determine the number of clusters automatically. The proposed approach is denoted as Adaptive Differential Evolution (ADE) utilizes adaptive approaches to fine-tune the standard DE algorithms key parameters and uses new mutation approaches to keep a balance between the exploration and exploitation in the algorithm. The proposed algorithm is used for several benchmark datasets and applied to customer segmentation as a case study. After performing the customer segmentation, different clusters are obtained which will determined different groups of customers. In order to test the efficiency of the proposed approach, the Wilcoxon Rank sum test has been used. After conducting the experiments, the proposed algorithm revealed a superior efficiency in comparison with the employed algorithms.
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4,007
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Please write an abstract with title: Modelo de evaluación gamificado en cursos de algoritmos y programación, and key words: Industries, Computational modeling, Games, Market research, Software, Information and communication technology, Problem-solving. Abstract: Currently, engineering and computer science programs worldwide face several challenges, on the one hand, high dropout rates still persist in these programs with rates ranging from 30% to 50%. On the other hand, due to this problem, a crisis is looming in the software industry due to the high demand and the shortage of qualified talent in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This is why software development and more specifically learning to program has become a worldwide trend. While gamification-based teaching methodologies and strategies can improve student motivation and engagement during the teaching-learning process, the design and implementation of gamified assessment models remains a largely unmet challenge, due to that most authors apply the use of gamification in virtual learning environments and little in face-to-face activities developed in the classroom. Due to the above, this article proposes a gamified evaluation model aimed at improving the performance of students during an introductory course on algorithms and programming, through permanent feedback, assertive problem solving and mini-lines, and the development of video games to motivate learning by accumulating points or bonuses. With the application of this model, not only will it be possible to improve the motivation, permanence and performance of the students, but also the teachers will be able to maintain an adequate level of demand in each of the proposed evaluative activities and thus achieve greater commitment in the students, motivation and effort to obtain the bonuses and increase the results obtained in each of the course evaluations.
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4,008
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Please write an abstract with title: Modeling Local Energy Market for Energy Management of Multi-Microgrids, and key words: Power markets, Energy management, Mathematical model, Energy resources, Optimal scheduling, Power generation, Linear programming. Abstract: The diffusion of distributed energy resources (DERs) has changed the supply-demand balance of power systems. One option to modernize the management of the electricity distribution is to operate the distribution system with interconnected micro-grids (MGs). However, the MG participation in wholesale energy and ancillary service markets creates several challenges in the interactions among the energy market managing entities. To solve these problems, local energy markets (LEMs) have been proposed, where the MGs can trade energy with each other under the management of the LEM manager (LEMM) to minimize their operation cost. In this paper, a local energy market is modeled for multi-MGs (MMGs) to minimize the operation cost of MGs individually and their social welfare in cooperation with each other. In such model, the optimal scheduling of the DERs in each MG is done through the market clearing process. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the local energy market is applied to a distribution network with three MGs.
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4,009
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Please write an abstract with title: Calibration-Aware Transpilation for Variational Quantum Optimization, and key words: Computers, Quantum computing, Quantum algorithm, Program processors, Error analysis, Logic gates, Calibration. Abstract: Today’s Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers support only limited sets of available quantum gates and restricted connectivity. Therefore, quantum algorithms must be transpiled in order to become executable on a given NISQ computer; transpilation is a complex and computationally heavy process. Moreover, NISQ computers are affected by noise that changes over time, and periodic calibration provides relevant error rates that should be considered during transpilation. Variational algorithms, which form one main class of computations on NISQ platforms, produce a number of similar yet not identical quantum "ansatz" circuits. In this work, we present a transpilation methodology optimized for variational algorithms under potentially changing error rates. We divide transpilation into three steps: (1) noise-unaware and computationally heavy pre-transpilation; (2) fast noise-aware matching; and (3) fast decomposition followed by heuristic optimization. For a complete run of a variational algorithm under constant error rates, only step (3) needs to be executed for each new ansatz circuit. Step (2) is required only if the error rates reported by calibration have changed significantly since the beginning of the computation. The most expensive Step (1) is executed only once for the whole run. This distribution is helpful for incremental, calibration-aware transpilation when the variational algorithm adapts its own execution to changing error rates. Experimental results on IBM’s quantum computer show the low latency and robust results obtained by calibration-aware transpilation.
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4,010
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Please write an abstract with title: Does Pakistan have enough electricity generation to support massive penetration of electric vehicles?, and key words: Government, Transportation, Electric vehicles, Air quality, Forecasting, Power generation, Faces. Abstract: Pakistan experienced a grave power shortfall between 2006 and 2017. The government responded to the situation through fast track development of power plants. However, the energy planners were unable to accurately forecast the electricity demand, resulting in a situation where more generation is available than needed. The power plants are backed by take-or-pay contracts. Thus, even if the power plants are not operating, a substantial capacity payment is still paid. To utilize this surplus available capacity year around electricity loads are needed. On the other hand, Northeastern Pakistan has one of the worst air quality in the world. Over 45% of the emissions are attributed to the transport sector. Therefore, electric vehicles (EVs) are an ideal load that utilizes the excess generation capacity and at the same time, improves air quality in the region. In this paper, we analyse the impact of various penetration levels of EVs on the utilization of excess generation capacity. This analysis will help us to determine EV penetration goals such that the capacity is optimally utilized. The impact of EVs is analysed using three optimistic scenarios of 30%, 50% and 70% new vehicle sales for two, three and four wheelers starting from 2020. This showed that by 2024, EVs will add 1250 MW at 70% new vehicle sales and only with peak demand, it is expected to reach available generation capacity.
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4,011
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Please write an abstract with title: Guest Editors’ Introduction to the Joint Special Section on Secure and Emerging Collaborative Computing and Intelligent Systems, and key words: Special issues and sections, Deep learning, Resource management, Predictive models, Collaboration, Intelligent systems. Abstract: This joint special section of IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing (TETC) and IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (TDSC) focuses on the security, privacy and trust of the emerging collaborative computing and intelligent systems. The Internet coupled with recent advances in computing and information technologies, such as IoT, mobile edge/cloud computing, cyber-physical-social systems, and artificial intelligence/machine learning/deep learning, have paved the way for creating next-generation smart and intelligent systems and applications that can have transformative impact in our society while accelerating rapid scientific discoveries and innovations.
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4,012
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Please write an abstract with title: Electromechanical Transient Modeling of Fast Electric Vehicle Charging Unit, and key words: Analytical models, Power system dynamics, Stability analysis, Electric vehicle charging, Vehicle dynamics, Transient analysis, Load modeling. Abstract: Fast electric vehicle(EV) charging stations have become one of the fastest-growing penetrated power electronics (PE) interfaced loads to the electric power system. The lack of accurate model of the fast EV charger in transient stability (TS) simulation tools limits the effectiveness of power system dynamic performance evaluation and stability analysis. In this paper, The electromechanical model of a fast EV charging unit is proposed, which is suitable for large-scale power system dynamic analysis in TS simulators. The EV charger model is simplified to guarantee a balance between model accuracy and simplicity. The validity of the proposed model has been demonstrated by a comparative study with the benchmark model created in PSCAD/EMTDC.
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4,013
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Please write an abstract with title: Invariant planar shape recognition using dynamic alignment, and key words: Shape, Noise shaping, Euclidean distance, Image segmentation, Defense industry, Clocks, Joining processes, Spirals, Testing. Abstract: A technique for classifying closed planar shapes is described in which a shape is characterized by an ordered sequence that represents the Euclidean distance between the centroid and all contour pixels of the shape. Shapes belonging to the same class have similar sequences, hence a procedure for classifying shapes is based on the degree of similarity between these sequences. In order to determine the similarity between sequences, a non-linear alignment process is developed to find the best correspondence between the sequences. Optimum alignment is obtained by expanding segments of the sequences to minimize a dissimilarity function between the sequences. Normalization with respect to scaling and rotation is described and an example illustrating the use of dynamic alignment for the classification of noisy shapes is presented.
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4,014
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Please write an abstract with title: Toward the Design of a Low Cost, Adaptive Hearing Aid, and key words: Hearing aids, Hardware, Microphone arrays, Delays, Software, Auditory system. Abstract: This paper presents a feasibility study into the design of a low-cost adaptive hearing aid. This study is presented in the form of a software simulation and a hardware proof of concept. The designed hearing aid is able to apply compensatory amplification based on an audiogram, and has a user steerable direction of focus. The features in the software and hardware solutions were tested and the results were critically analysed by determining error. The simulation applies compensatory amplification to the full frequency range of speech (250 Hz to 8 kHz) with an average error of 1.41%, and has 19 steerable directions. The hardware solution was limited to two frequency bands, 2.8-3.5 kHz and 5.6-7 kHz. Compensatory amplification can be applied with an error of 9.85%. There is an average error of 32.88% in directional hearing within five directions and 42.7% error in omnidirectional hearing. While calculated error was significant, the hardware implementation verified the concepts demonstrated in software and hence the investigation was successful. The overall cost of the device was $100. For future work, an integrated circuit chip should be created for the preprocessing of the audio signals.
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4,015
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Please write an abstract with title: Low-power, low-latency global interconnect, and key words: Wire, Delay, Integrated circuit interconnections, Microstrip, Energy consumption, Voltage, Impedance, Capacitance, Metal-insulator structures, Power amplifiers. Abstract: Global interconnects have been identified as a serious limitation to chip scaling, due to their latency and power consumption. We demonstrate a simple scheme to overcome these limitations, based on the utilization of upper-level metals and reduced voltage swing. The upper-level metal allows velocity of light delay if properly dimensioned and power is optimized by an appropriate choice of voltage swing and receiver amplifier.
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4,016
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Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Receiver for Harmonic Motion Microwave Doppler Imaging, and key words: Vibrations, Time-frequency analysis, Receivers, Radar imaging, Microwave theory and techniques, Microwave oscillators, Doppler effect. Abstract: Harmonic motion microwave Doppler imaging is a novel imaging modality that combines focused ultrasound and radar techniques to obtain data based on mechanical and electrical properties of the tissue. In previous experimental studies, the Doppler component of the scattered signal is sensed and used to create 2D images of a tumor inside a homogeneous fat phantom. Due to the drawbacks of the receiver configuration, scanning time was high, the signal-to-noise ratio was low, and the multi-frequency operation was limited. In this study, we improved the receiving system with a low noise amplifier which led to an increase in signal-to-noise ratio and a decrease in data acquisition time. A breast phantom containing a cylindrical tumor of size 3 mm $\times 3$ mm inside a homogeneous fat was built to perform 2D scans. An area of 40 mm $\times 40$ mm is scanned in 45 minutes which is approximately 50% of the previous scanning time. Multiple vibration frequencies between 15 Hz - 60 Hz are used to create 2D images. With the enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio, vibration frequencies higher than 35 Hz are used for the first time. Increase in the vibration frequency resulted in the improvement of resolution; however, signal-to-noise ratio deteriorated due to the decrease in the vibration amplitude.
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4,017
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Please write an abstract with title: Using mobile technology to support eDemocracy, and key words: Voting, Nominations and elections, Isolation technology, Concrete, IP networks, Appropriate technology, Law, Legal factors, Communication networks. Abstract: Political participation in a modern, federal state is a complex business for an average educated citizen. These circumstances support political abstinence: statistical studies prove the fact that as far as votes and elections are concerned, which are the most easy way to participate, the participation in votes and elections declined 20% respectively about 40%, since 1900. Therefore it is necessary to search for new ways to reduce the political abstinence and to motivate citizens to participate in political processes. In this context eDemocracy is an often discussed option. It allows new forms of political participation and thus can ease the access to and the integration of persons and institutions into political processes. "mDemocracy" - as an addition to the eDemocracy - persecutes this aim, to simplify both the access to and the participation in political discussions and problems. In this paper we discuss the role of mobile technology in democratic processes. Further we outline the legal restrictions as well as technical and political requirements. In particular we analyse where the use of mobile devices can weaken shortcomings of the democratic process supported by nonmobile devices.
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4,018
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Please write an abstract with title: Human Behaviour Based Optimization Supported With Self-Organizing Maps for Solving the S-Box Design Problem, and key words: Optimization, Encryption, Cryptography, Ciphers, Standards, Self-organizing feature maps, Boolean functions. Abstract: The cryptanalytic resistance of modern block and stream encryption systems mainly depends on the substitution box (S-box). In this context, the problem is thus to create an S-box with higher value of nonlinearity because this property can provide some degree of protection against linear and differential cryptanalysis attacks. In this paper, we design a scheme built on a human behavior-based optimization algorithm, supported with Self-Organizing Maps to prevent premature convergence and improve the nonlinearity property in order to obtain strong 8 ×8 substitution boxes. The experiments are compared with S-boxes obtained using other metaheuristic algorithms such as Ant Colony Optimization, Genetic Algorithm and an approach based on chaotic functions and show that the obtained S-boxes have good cryptographic properties. The obtained S-box is investigated against standard tests such as bijectivity, nonlinearity, strict avalanche criterion, bit independence criterion, linear probability and differential probability, proving that the proposed scheme is proficient to discover a strong nonlinear component of encryption systems.
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4,019
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Please write an abstract with title: New Features for Position Falsification Detection in VANETs using Machine Learning, and key words: Radio frequency, Measurement, Open Access, Conferences, Receivers, Feature extraction, Road safety. Abstract: Misbehavior detection in VANETs is critical to provide security and road safety since the communication between vehicles is directly affected by attackers’ messages. A new misbehavior detection approach is presented and compared with previous approaches. The estimated angle of arrival and the estimated distance using path loss model are proposed as new features to use for detection mechanism. When an attacker sends a message, it can produce false position values. Therefore, using a set of suitable features about the relation between sender and receiver will help to detect attackers. Machine learning techniques, Random Forest and k-Nearest Neighbor, are implemented to classify a vehicle as an attacker or not by considering the proposed features. The performance of the proposal is evaluated using a public dataset and easily compared to others. The results show that the proposed approach increases the performance of misbehavior detection in terms of classification evaluation metrics.
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4,020
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Please write an abstract with title: Voronoi-based Multi-robot Collision Avoidance with Localization Uncertainty, and key words: Location awareness, Uncertainty, Target tracking, Navigation, System recovery, Safety, Manufacturing. Abstract: Multi-robot collision is a subject about different robots in the same environment and this environment has some border. This article introduces a multi-robot collision prevention strategy in the light of the V oronoi Diagram. Specifically, the proposed distributed algorithm incorporates the buffered V oronoi diagram with deadlock avoidance scheme to allow a team of robots to navigate to their goals safely and efficiently even when robots suffer from localization error in real-world scenarios. We validate our method based on simulations to demonstrate that the robots can effectively avoid collision and deadlock while navigating. These results shed light for increasing the safety in Muti-robot Collision with location uncertainty problem.
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4,021
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Please write an abstract with title: A 0.7-mW V-Band Transformer-Based Positive- Feedback Receiver Front-End in a 65-nm CMOS, and key words: Receivers, Gain, Mixers, Radio frequency, Transistors, Capacitors, Logic gates. Abstract: In this letter, we propose an ultralow-power transformer-based V-band receiver front-end using a 65-nm CMOS technology. Forward-body-bias and transformer-based positive-feedback topologies are utilized to enable its operation at a low drain bias of 0.3 V, while still ensuring its gain performance. A resistive ring mixer, with its advantage of zero-dc-power consumption, serves as the frequency down-converter of the system. The proposed receiver front-end demonstrates an 8.5-dB conversion gain and possesses the power-saving ability to use only 0.7 mW of dc-power consumption.
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4,022
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Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Intelligent Feedforward-Feedback Pitch Control for VSWT With Predicted Wind Speed, and key words: Wind speed, Wind turbines, Feedforward systems, Rotors, Predictive models, Load modeling, Optimization. Abstract: Although wind power has gained tremendous development in recent years, how to achieve mechanical loads optimization to extend service life-time of wind turbines is still a hot and challenging topic. In this study, artificial intelligence and advanced control techniques are combined to approach this objective for variable-speed wind turbine systems operating in high-speed region. First, the real-time information of effective wind speed is extracted and predicted via support vector regression (SVR) by exploiting data stream acquired online. Optimization of the support vector regression’s parameters is completed by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Subsequently, the predicted wind speed is routed to a novel feedforward mechanism designed to build a nonlinear relationship between wind speed and pitch angle. Additionally, an uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) based feedback controller is implemented to deal with the model uncertainties and external disturbances. Both loads optimization and rotor speed/generator power regulation are achieved via strict math analysis. Finally, extensive comparison studies between the proposed scheme and traditional pitch angle controllers are conducted on GH bladed platform to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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4,023
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Please write an abstract with title: Developing a Learning Analytics Model to Explore Computer Science Student Motivation in the UK, and key words: Computer science, Analytical models, Adaptation models, Computational modeling, Education, Data models, Mathematical model. Abstract: This study investigates enhancing student learning and performance by exploring student motivation through the use of learning analytics. A mixed-methods approach will be used to collect data from Computer Science students within the UK higher education sector. The collected data will be analyzed using thematic analysis to develop a theoretical framework that will be tested subsequently using structural equation modeling. The identification of student motivation factors helps tutors and learning analysts to better understand student learning motivation and adapt their learning practices accordingly.
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4,024
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Please write an abstract with title: Simplification of the design, deployment, and testing of 5G vertical services, and key words: Technological innovation, 5G mobile communication, Systems operation, Data collection, Fourth Industrial Revolution, Stakeholders, Proposals. Abstract: 5G technology offers innovative network services to vertical players, able to boost their service portfolio in critical areas that could not be fully addressed with 4G systems. However, 5G networks are complex systems, massively relying on the virtualization of network and computing resources, which requires specific skills to fully exploit their potential. This may represent a hard barrier for vertical stakeholders to effectively test and use innovative services on 5G networks. Our solution addresses this issue, by simplifying the way vertical players approach 5G services though simple yet flexible service templates that allow not only to specify and deploy a service, but also to test it in a variety of realistic conditions. Vertical players interact with these templates named Experiment Blueprints, which are manipulated by our tool and then translated into network service descriptors to be deployed by a service orchestrator, keeping unaware the vertical experimenter of the underlying operations. We use a vertical service in the area of Industry 4.0 as a running example to ease the understanding of the proposed approach.
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4,025
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Please write an abstract with title: Assessing business continuity requirements, and key words: Business continuity, Communication system control, Protection, Monitoring, Fires, Power industry, Process planning, Financial management, Human resource management, Control systems. Abstract: A comprehensive approach for assessing the business continuity requirements of a utility operation is presented. This approach can be used to identify the level of emergency backup that is necessary and develop a business case for justifying the emergency backup provisions.
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4,026
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Please write an abstract with title: SSGP: Sparse Spatial Guided Propagation for Robust and Generic Interpolation, and key words: Interpolation, Computer vision, Image motion analysis, Convolution, Image edge detection, Market research, Robustness. Abstract: Interpolation of sparse pixel information towards a dense target resolution finds its application across multiple disciplines in computer vision. State-of-the-art interpolation of motion fields applies model-based interpolation that makes use of edge information extracted from the target image. For depth completion, data-driven learning approaches are widespread. Our work is inspired by latest trends in depth completion that tackle the problem of dense guidance for sparse information. We extend these ideas and create a generic cross-domain architecture that can be applied for a multitude of interpolation problems like optical flow, scene flow, or depth completion. In our experiments, we show that our proposed concept of Sparse Spatial Guided Propagation (SSGP) achieves improvements to robustness, accuracy, or speed compared to specialized algorithms.
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4,027
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Please write an abstract with title: Deep No-Reference Tone Mapped Image Quality Assessment, and key words: Distortion, Image quality, Dynamic range, Visualization, Quality assessment, Neural networks. Abstract: The process of rendering high dynamic range (HDR) images to be viewed on conventional displays is called tone mapping. However, tone mapping introduces distortions in the final image which may lead to visual displeasure. To quantify these distortions, we introduce a novel no-reference quality assessment technique for these tone mapped images. This technique is composed of two stages. In the first stage, we employ a convolutional neural network (CNN) to generate quality aware maps (also known as distortion maps) from tone mapped images by training it with the ground truth distortion maps. In the second stage, we model the normalized image and distortion maps using an Asymmetric Generalized Gaussian Distribution (AGGD). The parameters of the AGGD model are then used to estimate the quality score using support vector regression (SVR). We show that the proposed technique delivers competitive performance relative to the state-of-the-art techniques. The novelty of this work is its ability to visualize various distortions as quality maps (distortion maps), especially in the no-reference setting, and to use these maps as features to estimate the quality score of tone mapped images.
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4,028
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Please write an abstract with title: A 188fs<inf>rms</inf>-Jitter and −243d8-FoM<inf>jitter</inf> 5.2GHz-Ring-DCO-Based Fractional-N Digital PLL with a 1/8 DTC-Range-Reduction Technique Using a Quadruple-Timing-Margin Phase Selector, and key words: Quantization (signal), Design methodology, Linearization techniques, Bandwidth, Jitter, Throughput, Thermal noise. Abstract: Modern SoCs for advanced wireless/wired applications integrate an increasing number of PLLs. 5G TRXs require multiple PLLs to implement complex schemes of carrier aggregation and MIMO. Multilane high-speed serial links for high data throughput also require many PLLs. To maximize the area efficiency, ring-oscillator (RO)-based digital PLLs (DPLLs) are the obvious alternative to the conventional <tex>$LC$</tex>-oscillator analog PLLs <tex>$(LC-\mathsf{PLLs})$</tex>. To overcome the well-known problem of the high jitter of an RO, the general design guideline is to extend the loop bandwidth. However, this strategy cannot be applied readily to a fractional-<tex>$N$</tex> architecture, since a wide bandwidth cannot prevent various in-band noise sources from degrading the overall jitter. Recently, many techniques have been presented to suppress those noise sources. The optimal-threshold TDC (OT TDC) [1] and the noise-shaping BBPD [2] are efficient techniques to reduce the quantization noise (Q-noise) of the TDC. The use of DTCs to cancel the Q-noise of the <tex>$\Delta\Sigma \mathsf{M}$</tex> has now become a general solution. To suppress the detrimental effects of the DTC nonlinearity, such as <tex>$\Delta\Sigma \mathsf{M}$</tex> Q-noise leakage, fractional spurs, and noise folding, linearization techniques also have been presented. Modulating the statistical property of the <tex>$\Delta \Sigma \mathsf{M}$</tex> code (e.g., probability-density-shaping <tex>$(\mathsf{PDS})-\Delta\Sigma\mathsf{M}$</tex> [3]) is another approach to avoid fractional spurs due to the DTC nonlinearity. Recently, the fractional-<tex>$N$</tex> RO DPLL in [3] (at the top left of Fig. 23.2.1) achieved the rms jitter of less than 400fs by extending the loop bandwidth in addition to using the various techniques described above to reduce in-band noise. However, this level of rms jitter is still much higher than that of advanced <tex>$LC$</tex>-PLLs. The graph of the in-band noise sources at the top right of Fig. 23.2.1 shows that, to further decrease the rms jitter, the next challenge is to reduce the thermal noise of the DTC, which increases in proportion to its required range [4]. Spending more power on the DTC might be an easy solution, but it degrades the overall FoM<inf>jitter</inf> of the DPLL. Thus, more advanced and efficient solutions are needed.
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4,029
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Please write an abstract with title: ISAM, a software architecture for adaptive and distributed mobile applications, and key words: Software architecture, Application software, Distributed computing, Mobile computing, Pervasive computing, Computer architecture, Informatics, Collaboration, Computer networks, Availability. Abstract: Mobile computing has emerged as a new field, distinct from conventional distributed computing by its focus on mobility and its consequence. The physical and logical mobility needs of applications with new requirements: built-in mobility, adaptability and flexibility. Providing a system architecture that simplifies the task of implementing the mobile applications with adaptive behavior is the objective of the ongoing ISAM project. In order to achieve its goal, ISAM uses, as strategies, an integrated environment that: (a) provides a programming paradigm and its execution environment; (b) treats of adaptation process through multilevel collaborative model, in which both the system and the application contribute for that. We present the ISAM architecture and introduce the relative issues to the treatment of adaptive mobile applications.
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4,030
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Please write an abstract with title: Transverse Magneto-optical Effect in Asymmetric Plasmonic Nanostructures, and key words: Plasmons, Metamaterials, Nanostructures, Magnetooptic effects. Abstract: The transverse magneto-optical effect in transmission is addressed in plasmonic nanostructures with three different kinds of spatial symmetry breaking. The features of the transverse magnetophotonic effect in transmission in each of the asymmetric magnetoplasmonic nanostructures are reported.
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4,031
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Please write an abstract with title: Portable Dense Plasma Focus Neutron Source for Active Interrogation Applications, and key words: Power supplies, Microcontrollers, Rectifiers, Neutrons, Plasma measurements, Software, Plasmas. Abstract: The reliable detection of special nuclear materials continues to be a primary goal of national security programs conducted by Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation agencies. While these programs are diverse, many share a core need for a small, robust pulsed neutron generator. This project addresses this need by building a portable dense plasma focus (DPF) neutron source. DPF technology offers many benefits that are infeasible using conventional neutron sources: it can generate intense neutron pulses, operate at relatively low voltage, and be scaled to a lightweight form factor. Large-scale DPF sources produce prolific neutron radiation but require heavy machinery for transport and are therefore not ideal for mobile applications. Alternatively, compact DPF systems can be fabricated that are easily transported by human operators and generate sufficient neutron output to accomplish mobile active interrogation missions. Recently, researchers at Mission Support and Test Services (MSTS) have constructed a bench-top DPF system to produce neutron radiation. The system comprises commercially available high voltage power supplies, capacitors, and cold-cathode thyratron switches and weighs approximately 25 kg. The system draws approximately 750 Wand can be powered using lithium-ion battery packs. A custom plasma process chamber was designed using hybrid PIC-MHD modeling software and constructed using off-the-shelf components. A control system was implemented on a microcontroller platform to discharge the DPF source with a repetition rate up to 0.2 Hz. A suite of neutron yield and time-of- flight diagnostics was used to measure the radiation output of the portable DPF source.
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4,032
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Please write an abstract with title: Review: Deep Learning Methods for Cybersecurity and Intrusion Detection Systems, and key words: Deep learning, Knowledge based systems, Network intrusion detection, Malware, Reliability, Computer security, Testing. Abstract: As the number of cyber-attacks is increasing, cyber-security is evolving to a key concern for any business. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) (in particular Deep Learning - DL) can be leveraged as key enabling technologies for cyber-defense, since they can contribute in threat detection and can even provide recommended actions to cyber analysts. A partnership of industry, academia, and government on a global scale is necessary in order to advance the adoption of AI/ML to cybersecurity and create efficient cyber defense systems. In this paper, we are concerned with the investigation of the various deep learning techniques employed for network intrusion detection and we introduce a DL framework for cybersecurity applications.
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4,033
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Please write an abstract with title: Formal specification of Java concurrency to assist software verification, and key words: Formal specifications, Java, Concurrent computing, Object oriented modeling, Computer languages, Modems, System recovery, Sun, Specification languages, Testing. Abstract: The Java programming language is a modem object-oriented language that supports concurrency. Ensuring concurrent programs are correct is difficult. Additional problems encountered in concurrent programs, compared with sequential programs, include deadlock, livelock, starvation, and dormancy. Often these problems are related and are sometimes side effects of one another Furthermore, different programming languages attach different meanings to these terms. Sun Microsystems provides a textual description of the Java concurrency model which is inadequate for reasoning with such programs. Formal specifications are required for verifying concurrent programs through the use of tools and methods such as static analysis, dynamic analysis, model-checking, and theorem proving. It is clear that the behaviour of the Java concurrency model must be unambiguous and well-understood for these tools to operate effectively. This paper presents a formal specification of the Java concurrency model using the Z specification language. A number of important correctness properties of concurrent programs are constructed from the model, and their application to the implementation of verification and testing tools for concurrent Java programs is discussed.
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4,034
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Please write an abstract with title: Validation and Flexibility Region of the Model Order Reduction of an Active Distribution Grid, and key words: Computational modeling, Control systems, Power grids, Active distribution networks, Computational complexity. Abstract: Computational complexity in the power grid is such that for wide-area simulation, model order reductions are generally necessary. These model order reductions struggle with innovative control algorithms which will be necessary in a grid dominated by distributed and renewable generation. This paper contains two objects of research: one, the design and application of a performance quantifier for the validation of a model order reduction previously developed to reflect active distribution networks (ADNs) and two, the development of a parameterization scheme for the flexibility region of the full model so that automated systems like control and protection algorithms can make safer decisions in the operation of the wide-area power grid.
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4,035
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Please write an abstract with title: Parallel Learning of Koopman Eigenfunctions and Invariant Subspaces for Accurate Long-Term Prediction, and key words: Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Program processors, Network topology, System identification, Graph theory. Abstract: We present a parallel data-driven strategy to identify finite-dimensional functional spaces invariant under the Koopman operator associated to an unknown dynamical system. We build on the Symmetric Subspace Decomposition (SSD) algorithm, a centralized method that under mild conditions on data sampling provably finds the maximal Koopman-invariant subspace and all Koopman eigenfunctions in an arbitrary finite-dimensional functional space. A network of processors, each aware of a common dictionary of functions and equipped with a local set of data snapshots, repeatedly interact over a directed communication graph. Each processor receives its neighbors’ estimates of the invariant dictionary and refines its estimate by applying SSD with its local data on the intersection of the subspaces spanned by its own dictionary and the neighbors’ dictionaries. We identify conditions on the network topology to ensure the algorithm identifies the maximal Koopman-invariant subspace in the span of the original dictionary, characterize its time, computational, and communication complexity, and establish its robustness against communication failures.
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4,036
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Please write an abstract with title: Asynchronous and Parallel Distributed Pose Graph Optimization, and key words: Optimization, Delays, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Manifolds, Robot kinematics, Convergence. Abstract: We present Asynchronous Stochastic Parallel Pose Graph Optimization (ASAPP), the first asynchronous algorithm for distributed pose graph optimization (PGO) in multi-robot simultaneous localization and mapping. By enabling robots to optimize their local trajectory estimates without synchronization, ASAPP offers resiliency against communication delays and alleviates the need to wait for stragglers in the network. Furthermore, ASAPP can be applied on the rank-restricted relaxations of PGO, a crucial class of non-convex Riemannian optimization problems that underlies recent breakthroughs on globally optimal PGO. Under bounded delay, we establish the global first-order convergence of ASAPP using a sufficiently small stepsize. The derived stepsize depends on the worst-case delay and inherent problem sparsity, and furthermore matches known result for synchronous algorithms when there is no delay. Numerical evaluations on simulated and real-world datasets demonstrate favorable performance compared to state-of-the-art synchronous approach, and show ASAPP's resilience against a wide range of delays in practice.
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4,037
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Please write an abstract with title: Parametric Modeling Incorporating Joint Polynomial-Transfer Function With Neural Networks for Microwave Filters, and key words: Transfer functions, Neural networks, Parametric statistics, Microwave theory and techniques, Microwave filters, Scattering parameters, Microwave circuits. Abstract: This article proposes a novel parametric modeling technique incorporating a joint polynomial-transfer function with neural networks (short for neuro-PTF) for electromagnetic (EM) behaviors of microwave filters. In the proposed technique, the polynomial function is introduced together with the pole-residue-based transfer function to represent the EM responses. The pole-residue-based transfer function is used to represent the whole EM response at the beginning and is subsequently divided into multiple subtransfer functions where each subtransfer function contains one pair of pole/residue. A novel smoothness-discriminating algorithm is proposed to judge the smoothness of each subtransfer function response and separate the pole/residue pairs whose subtransfer function response is determined to be smooth. The proposed method introduces low nonlinear polynomial functions to re-fit the smooth parts of subresponse and remains the nonsmooth parts of subresponse for the highly nonlinear transfer functions to represent. By this way, the proposed method avoids the discontinuity problems of nonunique parameter extraction caused by fitting smooth curves using the highly nonlinear transfer function. Neural networks are proposed to learn the relationship between the polynomial coefficients/poles/residues and the geometrical parameters. Utilizing both advantages of the polynomial functions and transfer functions, the proposed method can produce more accurate models than the existing neuro-TF methods, especially with large geometrical variations. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed technique are demonstrated using three EM application examples of microwave filters.
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4,038
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Please write an abstract with title: Keep Safe: A Novel Static Balance Control Strategy for Lower Limb Exoskeletons, and key words: Man-machine systems, Exoskeletons, Predictive models, Stability criteria, Robots, Force, Legged locomotion. Abstract: While powered lower limb exoskeletons assist paraplegic patients in static standing positions, uncontrollable physical disturbances may lead to imbalances in the human-machine system and cause injury. To address this issue, we propose an innovative static balance control strategy for the lower limb exoskeleton. Three balance strategies that include an ankle strategy, a hip strategy, and a stepping strategy were analyzed and validated by using a balance disturbance experiment conducted on unimpaired individuals. Among them, only the stepping strategy could be adopted to restore balance by the human-machine system due to limitations of the system's joints. A regression model was trained on experimental data of the falling point of the center of mass (COM) of unimpaired individuals following a physical disturbance. This model was then used to predict the falling point of the COM of the exoskeleton of a human-machine system. These predictions suggest that the falling point of crutches and footholds are necessary to maintain stability. Considering both stability and arm pressure, a weighting factor was employed to identify an optimal foothold of the human-machine system that ensured minimum pressure and maximum stability. Finally, a simulation showed that the application of the balance strategy enabled the exoskeleton human-machine system to recover balance over the tested controlled disturbance range.
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4,039
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Please write an abstract with title: The 5th AI City Challenge, and key words: Training, Computer vision, Three-dimensional displays, Target tracking, Tracking, Urban areas, Transportation. Abstract: The AI City Challenge was created with two goals in mind: (1) pushing the boundaries of research and development in intelligent video analysis for smarter cities use cases, and (2) assessing tasks where the level of performance is enough to cause real-world adoption. Transportation is a segment ripe for such adoption. The fifth AI City Challenge attracted 305 participating teams across 38 countries, who leveraged city-scale real traffic data and high-quality synthetic data to compete in five challenge tracks. Track 1 addressed video-based automatic vehicle counting, where the evaluation being conducted on both algorithmic effectiveness and computational efficiency. Track 2 addressed city-scale vehicle re-identification with augmented synthetic data to substantially increase the training set for the task. Track 3 addressed city-scale multi-target multi-camera vehicle tracking. Track 4 addressed traffic anomaly detection. Track 5 was a new track addressing vehicle retrieval using natural language descriptions. The evaluation system shows a general leader board of all submitted results, and a public leader board of results limited to the contest participation rules, where teams are not allowed to use external data in their work. The public leader board shows results more close to real-world situations where annotated data is limited. Results show the promise of AI in Smarter Transportation. State-of-the-art performance for some tasks shows that these technologies are ready for adoption in real-world systems.
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4,040
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Path Following Control Method of Agricultural Machinery Autonomous Navigation through LQR-Feed Forward Control, and key words: Analytical models, Tracking, Navigation, Dynamics, Agricultural machinery, Mathematical models, Steady-state. Abstract: Aiming at the problem of agricultural machinery autonomous navigation path tracking motion control, based on the analysis of the characteristics of agricultural machinery tracking control, this paper proposes a motion control method with feedforward control LQR. By constructing a two-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of agricultural machinery, analyzing the lateral deviation and heading deviation of path tracking, the LQR controller and feedforward controller in the path tracking of agricultural machinery are designed to eliminate the lateral steady-state error of path tracking control. Through the joint simulation of Carsim and Matlab/Simulink, the tracking deviation of the agricultural machinery in the process of tracking the planned path is obtained. The results show that the algorithm can effectively enable agricultural machinery to perform accurate path tracking operations, and provides a basis for the research of autonomous navigation control algorithms for agricultural machinery.
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4,041
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Please write an abstract with title: Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fields, and key words: Training, Computer vision, Image resolution, Error analysis, Computational modeling, Neural networks, Multilayer perceptrons. Abstract: The rendering procedure used by neural radiance fields (NeRF) samples a scene with a single ray per pixel and may therefore produce renderings that are excessively blurred or aliased when training or testing images observe scene content at different resolutions. The straightforward solution of supersampling by rendering with multiple rays per pixel is impractical for NeRF, because rendering each ray requires querying a multilayer perceptron hundreds of times. Our solution, which we call "mip-NeRF" (à la "mipmap"), extends NeRF to represent the scene at a continuously-valued scale. By efficiently rendering anti-aliased conical frustums instead of rays, mip-NeRF reduces objectionable aliasing artifacts and significantly improves NeRF’s ability to represent fine details, while also being 7% faster than NeRF and half the size. Compared to NeRF, mip-NeRF reduces average error rates by 17% on the dataset presented with NeRF and by 60% on a challenging multiscale variant of that dataset that we present. Mip-NeRF is also able to match the accuracy of a brute-force supersampled NeRF on our multiscale dataset while being 22× faster.
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4,042
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of optimal controller for interval plant from signal energy point of view via evolutionary approaches, and key words: Signal design, Optimal control, Control systems, Algorithm design and analysis, Polynomials, Error correction, Minimax techniques, Design optimization, Genetic algorithms, Robust stability. Abstract: Design of an optimal controller minimizing the integral of squared error (ISE) of the closed-loop system for an interval plant via evolutionary approaches is proposed in this paper. Based on a worst-case design philosophy, the design problem is formulated as a minimax optimization problem from the signal energy point of view, and subsequently solved by two interactive genetic algorithms. To ensure robust stability of the closed-loop system, root locations of the Kharitonov polynomials associated with the characteristic polynomial are used to establish a constraint handling mechanism for incorporation into the fitness function to effectively evaluate chromosomes in the current population. To accelerate the derivation process to obtain the optimal controller, alternative approaches based on the two-phase evolutionary scheme are also proposed, in which the worst-case ISE is suitably estimated via information provided by the Kharitonov plants. Thus, the derived controller not only stabilizes the interval plant, but also minimizes the ISE criterion of the closed-loop system. Constraints on higher order plants and controller order commonly encountered by conventional design methods are therefore removed by using the proposed approach.
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4,043
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Please write an abstract with title: Experimental Research on Overvoltage Suppressing Measures Caused by 10-kV Vacuum Circuit Breakers Switching-off Shunt Reactors, and key words: Arresters, Substations, Circuit breakers, Snubbers, Voltage control, Surges, Transient analysis. Abstract: When the vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) switch the shunt reactors (SRs), the overvoltage with high amplitude and frequency will be produced by multiple restrikes. It is easy to cause switchgear explosion and insulation breakdown of power equipment. These accidents are detrimental to the stable operation of the power system. This work is based on the 10 kV side of a 220 kV substation. The VCB was operated multiple times to switching-off the SR in the substation, and the overvoltage characteristics were analyzed. The experimental result shows that the maximum overvoltage amplitude at substation transformer (ST) and SR side caused by VCB multiple separating SRs can reach 8.16 p.u. and 6.43 p.u. without any suppression measures. To suppress the overvoltage, surge arresters were and resistance-capacitance (RC) snubbers were installed. The experimental results show that the VCB opening process will produce three different frequency oscillation processes, and will cause multiple restrikes between the contacts. RC snubber can suppress the oscillating frequency, and the number of restrikes between the contacts compare with installing the surge reactor. The influence of lightning arrester and RC snubber on the transient process of overvoltage is discussed. It is showed that the RC snubber suppresses the three-stage oscillation frequency and the restrike between the VCB contacts. Finally, as for the 220 kV substation, the reasonable suppression measure is installing a RC snubber at the end of the SR cable, which has an excellent suppression effect on overvoltage transient process.
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4,044
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Please write an abstract with title: Transcription and evolution of a virtual bacteria culture, and key words: Microorganisms, Chemistry, Proteins, Computer science, Drives, Organisms, DNA, Genomics, Bioinformatics, Genetic mutations. Abstract: This paper describes implementation details and results from a simulated multi-agent bacteria ecosystem. Each bacterium is encoded on a DNA-like genome which is interpreted to specify the gene binding sites and protein production rules. Protein and gene compounds interact in an artificial chemistry, producing regulatory networks and observable behaviours such as moving, splitting and eating. Through genome inheritance and mutation, a virtual bacteria culture evolves.
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4,045
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Please write an abstract with title: Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Classification of Eye Tumors: A Survey, and key words: Support vector machines, Machine learning algorithms, Lung, Melanoma, Radial basis function networks, Ophthalmology, Decision trees. Abstract: Tumors that have migrated to other regions of the body, particularly the breast, lung, bowel, or prostate, usually develop secondary tumors in the eyes. Retinoblastoma in children and melanoma in adults are two forms of primary cancers that develop within the eye. In this paper, we review the recent works of the artificial intelligence techniques that are applied for classification of ophthalmology tumors. The researchers had proposed different diagnosis systems of eye cancer; iris tumor, iris nevus, uveal melanoma and metastatic, malignant choroidal melanoma and retinoblastoma. The techniques used in these papers can be divided into three main methodologies. The main methodology depends on the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and deep learning; Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNN), Radial Basis Function Networks (RBFN), Auto Encoder (AE) Neural Network, hybrid Stacked Auto Encoder (SAE) Network, Deep Belief Network (DBN),Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). The second methodology depends on the Machine Learning (ML) approaches; decision tree, Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), Alternative Fuzzy C-Mean (AFCM), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree classifier. The third one depends on different image processing techniques and Apriori based algorithm. The highest recognition rate is achieved by applying different image processing techniques and BPNN with 98.5% and 95%, respectively.
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4,046
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Please write an abstract with title: A 12.8-Gbps 0.5-pJ/b Encoding-less Inductive Coupling Interface Using Clocked Hysteresis Comparator for 3D-stacked SRAM in 7-nm FinFET, and key words: Wireless communication, Costs, Random access memory, Encoding, Transceivers, Inductive coupling, Topology. Abstract: 3D-stacked memory plays a vital role in achieving high-throughput and low-power operation in various devices. The 3D integration of memory chips, such as SRAMs and DRAMs, enables high-bandwidth, large-capacity, and low-power memory. However, conventional wired integration using TSVs and $\mu -$bumps has challenges of additional TSV process cost, area overhead cost, and low yield [1–4]. Wireless integration using inductive coupling known as ThruChip Interface (TCI) has low cost and high yield thanks to its compatibility with standard CMOS fabrication processes [5]. Furthermore, a physical placement method of placing coils over SRAM macros proposed in [6] reduces the area overhead to just that of transceiver circuits while minimizing the resultant loss in communication efficiency. A synchronous transceiver topology is a key enabler for the method since it can detect the lower received amplitude due to the over-SRAM placement. In [6], Manchester encoding is employed to enable synchronous communication, but the data-rate is limited to 8.5 Gbps, where the distribution of the high-frequency clock required for encoding is the bottleneck. This paper proposes a new receiver circuit that eliminates the need for encoding, achieving a 12.8-Gbps data-rate.
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4,047
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Please write an abstract with title: Nonsingular Practical Fixed-Time Adaptive Output Feedback Control of MIMO Nonlinear Systems, and key words: Nonlinear systems, Output feedback, Artificial neural networks, MIMO communication, Convergence, Control design, Control theory. Abstract: This article studies the nonsingular fixed-time control problem of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with unmeasured states for the first time. A state observer is designed to solve the problem that system states cannot be measured. Due to the existence of the unknown system nonlinear dynamics, neural networks (NNs) are introduced to approximate them. Then, through the combination of adaptive backstepping recursive technology and adding power integration technology, a nonsingular fixed-time adaptive output feedback control algorithm is proposed, which introduces a filter to avoid the complicated derivation process of the virtual control function. According to the fixed-time Lyapunov stability theory, the practical fixed-time stability of the closed-loop system is proven, which means that all signals of the closed-loop system remain bounded in a fixed time under the proposed algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the numerical simulation and practical simulation.
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4,048
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance Evaluation of Anomaly Detection in Imbalanced System Log Data, and key words: Machine learning, Feature extraction, Anomaly detection, Support vector machines, Training, Detectors, Principal component analysis. Abstract: An administrator needs to examine operating system log files for any anomalous events. In real-life log data, the number of anomalies is often smaller than the normal ones. This imbalance situation affects the performance of the anomaly detectors because a large number of normal events feed the training of the classifier. In this paper, we evaluate popular machine learning methods and consider this problem of data imbalance. We compare data oversampling and undersampling approaches before inputting them to the classifier. Experimental results demonstrate that by taking data imbalance into consideration, there is an improvement in the method performance in terms of precision and recall scores.
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4,049
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Please write an abstract with title: Design, Implementation and In-orbit Demonstration of Attitude and Orbit Control System for Micro-satellite ALE-2, and key words: Attitude control, System integration, Control systems, Orbits, Calibration, Kalman filters, System analysis and design. Abstract: This paper describes procedures for the design, implementation and in-orbit verification of an advanced Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) that can be applied to micro-satellites. Functional requirements imposed on AOCS are becoming severer as the mission becomes more complicated and challenging even though onboard resources are limited in micro-satellites. In addition, many verification steps must be taken for the system design, implementation, and in-orbit demonstration. In this study, an advanced AOCS design that is optimized for the mission of the artificial meteor demonstration satellite “ALE-2” is proposed. This paper presents three AOCS features that are specialized to ALE-2 but applicable to other micro-satellites: sensor calibration technique, attitude and gyroscope bias estimation using extended Kalman filter, and orbit control by small propulsion system. These functions were implemented using a hardware-in-the-loop simulator environment, allowing for quick and efficient ground evaluation. In addition, in-orbit demonstration of the proposed AOCS was performed after the launch of ALE-2. Through these verification process, it was confirmed that the AOCS functions required for the mission of ALE-2 were properly implemented and worked in orbit.
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4,050
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Please write an abstract with title: Radio wave propagation along mixed paths in forest environments, and key words: Propagation losses, Geometry, Area measurement, Particle measurements, Vegetation mapping, Slabs, Predictive models, Electronic warfare, Electromagnetic propagation. Abstract: The propagation of radio waves is examined for communication paths that may be partly within a forest and partly in regions outside the vegetation. Analytic results are found for simple canonic geometries in which the fields can be described in terms of ray-trajectories. By viewing a realistic forest environment as a combination of such canonic cases, it is possible to evaluate radio losses in complex situations by using a ray-tracking approach. The pertinent fields can then be expressed in terms of relatively simple analytical expressions, which hold well for frequencies between 2 and 200 MHz.
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4,051
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Please write an abstract with title: Role of Operator Muscle Coactivation towards Intuitive Interaction with Haptic Assist Devices, and key words: Muscles, Haptic interfaces, Electromyography, Robot sensing systems, Force, Task analysis, Kinematics. Abstract: The current paper addresses a central question at the basis of our research into the control of haptic assist devices: is kinetic sensor information sufficient for the intuitive control of haptic assist devices during physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) Our study proposes the addition of operator physiological data in the form of muscle cocontraction (or coactivation) information, obtained from processing surface electromyographic (sEMG) sensor data from the operator's arm muscles. Muscle coactivation has shown in previous research to correlate to the operator's endpoint stiffness, an important system variable not directly observable. Results from target tracking experiments conducted on 10 subjects using a one-degree-of-freedom (1-DoF) haptic device show a muscle cocontraction variable as the best feature to predict the motor intent of the human operator. In addition, using muscle cocontraction data in tandem with kinetic data to train a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier offline results in an average cross-validation accuracy of 99%, compared to an accuracy of 89% with kinetic data only. Furthermore, statistically significant trends in cocontraction levels were observed in different stability conditions (trajectory tracking experiments, 10 subjects, p <; 0.001) and across operator motor intent (target following experiments, 10 subjects, p <; 0.001). These results strongly underline the importance of adding operator physiological information to the sensor data set in order to enhance the control of haptic assist devices.
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4,052
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Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy logic based nonlinear Kalman filter applied to mobile robots modelling, and key words: Fuzzy logic, Mobile robots, Frequency estimation, Filters, Fault detection, State estimation, Takagi-Sugeno model, Genetic algorithms, Kinematics, Equations. Abstract: In order to reduce the false alarms in fault detection systems for mobile robots, accurate state estimation is needed. Through this work, a new method for localization of a mobile robot is presented. First, a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model of a mobile robot is determined, which is optimized using genetic algorithms, creating a precise representation of the kinematic equations of the robot. Then, the fuzzy model is used to design a new extension of the Kalman filter, based on several linear Kalman filters. Finally, the fuzzy filter is compared to the conventional extended Kalman filter, showing an improvement over the estimation made. The fuzzy filter also presents advantages in implementation, due to the fact that the covariance matrices needed are easier to estimate, increasing the estimation frequency.
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4,053
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Please write an abstract with title: On the convergence properties of some cautious controllers, and key words: Convergence, Regulators, Differential equations, Analysis of variance, Stability analysis. Abstract: The differential equation associated with the cautious minimum variance regulator and the perturbation regulator is derived; the convergence properties of those regulators are analyzed in terms of its stability properties.
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4,054
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Please write an abstract with title: A Data-Driven Online SOP Estimation Method for Lithium-ion Capacitors, and key words: Lithium-ion capacitor, state of power estimation, data-driven, correlation analysis. Abstract: Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) show promising applications in renewable energy integration and transportation electrification, due to their excellent performance in terms of energy density, power density and cycle life. Modeling and state of power (SOP) estimation are the keys to exploit advantages of LICs. A data-driven online SOP estimation method for lithiumion capacitors is proposed in this paper, the input vector of neural network is determined according to correlation analysis, and the optimal number of hidden layer nodes is selected by empirical formula. The simulation results show that the average absolute error of SOP estimation under Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS) is less than 0.13W, and the root mean square error is less than 0.17W.
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4,055
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Please write an abstract with title: Policies Selection for Pedagogical Agent Based on the Roulette Wheel Algorithm, and key words: Computational modeling, Biological system modeling, Education, Wheels, Reliability, Task analysis. Abstract: Pedagogical agents are computational entities that interact with users and facilitate learning opportunities. They usually need to be programmed to follow a set of commands for an effective personalized exchange of knowledge and tasks. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of a policy-based model and its level of satisfaction about the interaction without and with the pedagogical agent using the bio-inspired roulette selection algorithm. The approach is quantitative, with an exploratory and descriptive study. The results revealed that our agent achieved great acceptance among the users who rated it as intelligent, friendly, and reliable. It is evidenced that the agent can influence the attitude, perception, and behavior of the user to reach better self-regulated learning.
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4,056
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Please write an abstract with title: Basic Characteristics of Thin-Film Single-Layer Coreless Micro-Transformers for Digital Isolators, and key words: Semiconductor device measurement, Isolators, Inductance, Windings, Transformer cores, Transformers, Mathematical models. Abstract: The development of new power semiconductor devices such as SiC with high withstand voltage, high speed, and high temperature immunity requires the control signal isolators used in them to have similar endurance characteristics. In order to meet this demand, in this research, we devised single-layer coreless micro-transformers manufactured on silicon substrates. Since these transformers have primary and secondary windings formed in the same layer, the withstand voltage can be easily increased by increasing the distance between the windings in the surface direction of the chip. In this paper, the theoretical equations of the inductance, parasitic resistance, and parasitic capacitance of the devised transformer are derived. Furthermore, comparisons between the calculation results of the S-parameters by these equations and the measured values are described.
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4,057
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Please write an abstract with title: The multimodulus blind equalization and its generalized algorithms, and key words: Blind equalizers, Optical network units, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Constellation diagram, Phase modulation, Asynchronous transfer mode, Optical fiber LAN, Wiring, Coaxial cables, HDTV. Abstract: This paper presents a new blind equalization algorithm called multimodulus algorithm (MMA). This algorithm combines the benefits of the well-known reduced constellation algorithm (RCA) and constant modulus algorithm (CMA). In addition, MMA provides more flexibility than RCA and CMA, and is better suited to take advantage of the symbol statistics of certain types of signal constellations, such as nonsquare constellations, very dense constellations, and some wrong solutions.
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4,058
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Please write an abstract with title: HD Lane Map Generation Based on Trail Map Aggregation, and key words: Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Intelligent vehicles, Roads, Radar, Radar tracking, Recording. Abstract: We present a procedure to create high definition maps of lanes based on detected and tracked vehicles from perception sensor data as well as the ego vehicle using multiple observations of the same location. The procedure consists of two parts. First, an aggregation part in which the detected and tracked road users as well as the driving path of the ego vehicle are aggregated into a map representation. Second, lanes are extracted from those maps as lane center lines in a structured data format. The final lane centers are represented in a directed graph representation including the driving direction. They are accurate up to a few centimeters. Our procedure is not restricted to any environment and does not rely on any prior map information. In our experiments with real world data and available ground truth, we study the performance of different map aggregations e.g., based on the ego vehicle only or based on other road users. Furthermore, we study the dependence on the number of data recording repetitions.
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4,059
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Please write an abstract with title: Stochastic determination method of substream modulation levels for MIMO eigenbeam space division multiplexing, and key words: Stochastic processes, MIMO, Transmitting antennas, Bit error rate, Receiving antennas, Space technology, Degradation, Delay estimation, Binary phase shift keying, Quadrature phase shift keying. Abstract: Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) eigenbeam space division multiplexing is a promising configuration to improve the transmission capacity and it uses adaptive modulation for the substreams. The modulation levels determined from the carrier-to-noise ratios, however, are sometimes optimistic and the use of the modulation levels results in transmission errors and transmission performance degradation. A novel determination method of substream modulation levels is proposed to alleviate the degradation. The proposed method calculates the expected bit error rates for possible modulations by mean of the delay profile. The simulation results show that the proposed modulation level determination method improves the transmission capacity by 30% compared with the conventional method.
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4,060
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Please write an abstract with title: Widely Tunable Actively Mode-Locked Bi-Doped Fiber Laser Operating in the O-Band, and key words: Optical fibers, Optical fiber amplifiers, Fiber lasers, Laser mode locking, Optical pulses, Optical pumping, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: Here, we propose an all-fiber actively mode-locked Bismuth (Bi)-doped fiber laser based on the use of an acousto-optic modulator. The mode-locked Bi-doped fiber laser produces 13ns pulses with a repetition rate of 1.683MHz at 1340nm. Higher harmonic mode-locking is achieved simply by changing the operating frequency of the acousto-optic modulator. The output power of the laser is 7mW and this is further amplified to 101mW using an external Bi-doped fiber amplifier. A peak power of 4.6W with a pulse energy of 60nJ is achieved after the master oscillator power amplifier. The stability of the laser is studied using an RF spectrum analyzer and an SNR of more than 60dB at the fundamental frequency of 1.683MHz was recorded. Furthermore, wavelength tuning of the Bi-doped fiber laser is explored and demonstrated from 1300 to 1370nm.
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4,061
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Please write an abstract with title: NVCache: A Plug-and-Play NVMM-based I/O Booster for Legacy Systems, and key words: Nonvolatile memory, File systems, Aging, Reproducibility of results, Libraries. Abstract: This paper introduces NVCACHE, an approach that uses a non-volatile main memory (NVMM) as a write cache to improve the write performance of legacy applications. We compare NVCACHE against file systems tailored for NVMM (Ext4-DAX and NOVA) and with I/O-heavy applications (SQLite, RocksDB). Our evaluation shows that NVCACHE reaches the performance level of the existing state-of-the-art systems for NVMM, but without their limitations: NVCACHE does not limit the size of the stored data to the size of the NVMM, and works transparently with unmodified legacy applications, providing additional persistence guarantees even when their source code is not available.
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4,062
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Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of Optimal Data Encoding Parameters Based on User Preference for Cloud Storage, and key words: Encoding, Reliability, Cloud computing, Reed-Solomon codes, Servers, Quality of service, Matrix converters. Abstract: The erasure encoding scheme creates multiple coded data and parity fragments to protect the data from the losses. Nowadays, most storage systems like cloud storage utilize the erasure coding scheme to attain superior data consistency, reliability, and availability. Most of the existing literature focuses on either the cost of recovery or overhead due to the redundant storage without considering the interests of the users, such as high reliability and lower storage cost. We believe that the storage service provider should choose an appropriate encoding scheme with optimal values of two encoding parameters, i.e., data fragments and parity fragments. The values of these encoding parameters depend on the size of the input data and the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the users, such as storage efficiency, availability, and recoverability. These parameters play a crucial role in providing higher reliability and lower storage costs. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate to identify optimal parameters to provide higher reliability and lower storage cost while considering the user's preferences. We present the analysis of the Reed-Solomon coding scheme from the perspective of storage overhead, the probability of data availability, data recoverability, and storage efficiency to identify the optimal values of encoding parameters. We performed the experiments on the Reed-Solomon encoding schemes, and results are reported.
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4,063
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Please write an abstract with title: Implementing Content-based Publish/Subscribe on the Network Layer with P4, and key words: Computer languages, Distribution strategy, Routing, Delays, Middleware, Task analysis, Software defined networking. Abstract: In content-based publish/subscribe systems, publishers produce notifications and subscribers register subscriptions to receive certain notifications based on their content. It is the task of the middleware to deliver the published notifications to subscribers having a matching subscription. Content-based publish/subscribe is challenging to implement efficiently, because the resulting delivery tree can be different for each notification, set of active subscriptions, and location of the subscribers. Therefore, content-based routing of notification has often been implemented in the application layer resulting in high notification delays and a waste of network bandwidth. In this work, we report on the research and actual development of a novel middleware, which uses the P4 SDN programming language to perform the content-based forwarding of notifications solely in the network layer. We present a hybrid approach that combines (i) encoding of routing information into the notification to be distributed and (ii) installing forwarding rules into the switches. In particular, we combine different types of routing information that either represent individual network links or virtual links referencing pre-installed distribution trees. We derive the latter from topological information about the network and from publish/subscribe relationships as well as forwarding statistics.
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4,064
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Please write an abstract with title: Efficiency of New York Transmission Congestion Contract Auctions, and key words: Load flow, Pricing, Mesh generation, Forward contracts, Power generation, Production, Real time systems, Electricity supply industry, Couplings, Risk analysis. Abstract: Modern electricity market design is dominated by locational marginal pricing (LMP) of energy and transmission, coupled with periodic auctions of financial transmission rights (FTRs or TCCs) to hedge congestion price risks. For these market designs to be effective, participants must be able to efficiently discover forward locational prices. With data from monthly TCC auctions in New York, we use time series ARCH-ARMA models to postulate how clearing prices for TCCs are formed and the resulting implications for market efficiency. This analysis confirms recent studies suggesting that these auctions remain highly inefficient, even after allowing for risk aversion among bidders in the auctions.
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4,065
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Please write an abstract with title: Forest: A Lightweight Semantic Image Descriptor for Robust Visual Place Recognition, and key words: Semantics, Forestry, Feature extraction, Visualization, Training, Image recognition, Data mining. Abstract: Visual place recognition (VPR) is the process of identifying previously visited places using visual information. It is crucial for a robot to achieve fast and accurate VPR under appearance and viewpoint changes. Inspired by human perception intuition, this letter proposes a lightweight semantic image descriptor called Forest for robust VPR. Specifically, for each semantic object in the image, three most recognizable reference objects are first found and ranked in descending order according to a customized measure. And then, categories, position and area of the semantic object itself, along with the categories of the three recognized reference objects, are used to encode the local descriptor of the object. As a result, the set of local descriptors is used as the global descriptor of the image. Performance of the proposed descriptor is evaluated and compared with six state-of-the-art VPR methods, Ibow-LCD, CoHOG, NetVLAD, LOST-X, Region VLAD, Patch-NetVLAD, over four public datasets of urban scenes, Extended-CMU Season, RobotCar Seasons v2, SYNTHIA and Kitti, using three Precision-Recall based metrics, AUC(Area Under Curve), Recall@100%Precision and Precision@100%Recall. The results show that our method maintains competitive accuracy in scenes with appearance and viewpoint changes and exhibits high robustness. At the same time, our method is robust to the noise of semantic segmentation and exhibits high real-time performance.
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4,066
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Please write an abstract with title: QPLEX: Realizing the Integration of Quantum Computing into Combinatorial Optimization Software, and key words: CPLEX, QPLEX, Quantum Optimization, Optimization, Quantum Software Engineering. Abstract: Quantum computing has the potential to surpass the capabilities of current classical computers when solving complex problems. Combinatorial optimization has emerged as one of the key target areas for quantum computers as problems found in this field play a critical role in many different industrial application sectors (e.g., enhancing manufacturing operations or improving decision processes). Currently, there are different types of high-performance optimization software (e.g., ILOG CPLEX and Gurobi) that support engineers and scientists in solving optimization problems using classical computers. In order to utilize quantum resources, users require domain-specific knowledge of quantum algorithms, SDKs and libraries, which can be a limiting factor for any practitioner who wants to integrate this technology into their workflows. Our goal is to add software infrastructure to a classical optimization package so that application developers can interface with quantum platforms readily when setting up their workflows. This paper presents a tool for the seamless utilization of quantum resources through a classical interface. Our approach consists of a Python library extension that provides a backend to facilitate access to multiple quantum providers. Our pipeline enables optimization software developers to experiment with quantum resources selectively and assess performance improvements of hybrid quantum-classical optimization solutions.
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4,067
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Please write an abstract with title: Liquid-Crystal-Filled Side-hole Fiber for Temperature Measurement in Fiber ring laser, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Optical fiber sensors, Sensitivity, Wavelength measurement, Measurement by laser beam, Interference. Abstract: A temperature sensor in fiber ring laser (FRL) system has been experimentally demonstrated based on a side hole fiber (SHF) penetrated with liquid crystal (LC). The temperature sensitivity is measured to be -4.23 nm/°C
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4,068
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Please write an abstract with title: A decentralized hierarchical scheduler for a grid-based clearinghouse, and key words: Grid computing, Processor scheduling, Resource management, Engines, Distributed computing, Quality of service, Drives, Large-scale systems, Throughput, Job design. Abstract: Grid technologies enable large-scale resource sharing among enterprises and/or individuals. In such settings, control policies must be administered so that resource cart be fairly shared among participating enterprises. A grid-based clearinghouse for managing shared resources is built with the aim of promoting technical and scientific cooperation within and between campuses. We therefore, need a global mechanism for exchanging and integrating resource and hence, maximize computation throughput through the coordination of shared resources. The major process involved is the development of a job management strategy that realizes the objectives of the clearinghouse. In this paper, we introduce the design and application of a decentralized hierarchical scheduler for job management. A working testbed for this scheduler is to be implemented on a campus grid. The campus grid is a hierarchical grid that is built with the Globus Toolkit inter-operated with a group of Sungrid Engine clusters.
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4,069
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Please write an abstract with title: Saturated Feedback Control to Improve Ride Comfort for Uncertain Nonlinear Macpherson Active Suspension System With Input Delay, and key words: Delays, Suspensions (mechanical systems), Nonlinear dynamical systems, Regulation, Actuators, Uncertainty, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: A robust saturation control approach is developed for input-time delay Macpherson active suspensions, subject to dynamical uncertainties, exogenous disturbances, and road excitations. The proposed control method comprises of a linear combination of two smooth saturation functions of a filtered signal and a regulation error, hence the control law is smooth and bounded by a known and adjustable constant bound. An auxiliary signal involving a finite integral over the delayed time interval of past control values is exploited to convert the delayed system into a delay-free system, and Lyapunov-Krasovskii (LK) functionals are constructed to eliminate the residual delayed terms in a Lyapunov-based analysis. The vertical displacement and velocity of the sprung mass are proven to uniformly ultimately bounded regulating to improve the ride comfort, despite model uncertainties, additive disturbances and the input delay. Several simulations are performed to verify the improvement in the ride comfort under different road profiles, while the tire deflection and suspension deflection are within an admissible limitation in comparison with two other suspensions.
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4,070
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Composite Tower Conductor Unbalanced Tension and Design of Regulating Device, and key words: Electrical engineering, Suspensions (mechanical systems), Insulation, Power transmission lines, Conferences, Poles and towers, High-voltage techniques. Abstract: Composite tower has the advantages of good insulation performance, low corridor occupation and low investment. It has a wide application prospect in high voltage transmission lines. According to the characteristics that the suspension string length of composite tower is greatly reduced, this paper deduces the refined calculation formula of unbalanced tension, analyzes the variation law of unbalanced tension, designs the unbalanced tension adjustment device, and verifies the application effect of the device. The analysis shows that the unbalanced tension of composite tower line increases significantly due to the reduction of suspension string length. The unbalanced tension adjustment proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the unbalanced tension level, which can provide reference for engineering application.
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4,071
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Please write an abstract with title: Computerized Logo Synthesis with Wavelets-Enhanced Adversarial Learning, and key words: Gallium nitride, Wavelet transforms, Generative adversarial networks, Benchmark testing, Image processing, Training. Abstract: While logo design requires creative thoughts from artistic side, computerized logo synthesis could provide significant assistance in terms of workload reduction and productivity improvements. By applying wavelet transform to decompose the input logo images into four frequency bands, we introduce two new regularization terms into the GAN-based adversarial learning towards improved logo synthesis. As the LL band of images preserve the primary content information, we apply clustering to these LL bands to generate supervisory labels to regulate the logo generation and hence the logo synthesis can be predominated by a label-guided theme. To create varieties and diversities for the synthesized logos, we further establish a second regularization term out of the HH-band and enable the learning process to simulate the creativity illustrated by logo designers. Extensive experiments are carried out and, compared with the existing state of the arts, the results show that our proposed achieves overwhelmingly better performances in terms of the inception scores.
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4,072
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Please write an abstract with title: A flat glow discharge excimer radiation source, and key words: Glow discharges, Cathodes, Xenon, Plasma sources, Fault location, Electrodes, Plasma density, Electrons, Charge-coupled image sensors, Filters. Abstract: Increasing the current of a microhollow cathode discharge in high-pressure xenon allowed us to generate disc-shaped 100- to 150-/spl mu/m-thick plasma layers on the planar cathode of a microhollow electrode system, with diameters approaching 1 cm. The plasma layer has been found to emit intense excimer radiation at 172 nm. The maximum of the excimer emission shifts with increased current toward the perimeter of the plasma disc, and the spectral distribution in the area close to the cathode hole changes from vacuum ultraviolet to visible. Plasma filaments, radiating in the visible, are formed which extend from the center to the perimeter of the disc shaped plasma. They correspond to areas of reduced excimer emission, indicating a transition from nonthermal to thermal plasma.
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4,073
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Please write an abstract with title: The Use of Cultural Algorithms to Learn the Impact of Climate on Local Fishing Behavior in Cerro Azul, Peru, and key words: Fish, Cultural differences, Meteorology, Data models, Heuristic algorithms, Evolutionary computation, Biological system modeling. Abstract: Recently it has been found that the earth's oceans are warming at a pace that is 40% faster than predicted by a United Nations panel a few years ago. As a result, 2018 has become the warmest year on record for the earth's oceans. That is because the oceans have acted as a buffer by absorbing 93% of the heat produced by the greenhouse gases (Cheng, L.J., Abraham, Z., and Trenberth, K. (2019). How fast are the oceans warming? Science, pp. 128–129). The impact of the oceanic warming has already been felt in terms of the periodic warming of the Pacific Ocean as an effect of the ENSO process. The ENSO process is a cycle of warming and subsequent cooling of the Pacific Ocean that can last over a period of years. This cycle was first documented by Peruvian fishermen in the early 1600s. So it has been part of the environmental challenges that have been presented to economic agents throughout the world since then. It has even been suggested that the cycle has increased in frequency over the years, perhaps in response to the overall issues related to global warming. So, although the onset of the ENSO cycle might be viewed as disruption of the fishing economy in a given area, there is some possibility that over time agents have been able to develop strategic responses to these changes to as to reduce the economic risk associated with them.In this paper we hypothesize that at least on a local level there are strategic and socially related mechanisms to mitigate the impact. We develop a biobjective function to represent the trade‐off between the acquisition of desirable fish and capital outlay invested in a fishing trip. Cultural Algorithms (CAPSO) are used to compare the pareto fronts produced for each of three phases: El Niño (residual), La Niña (cooling down); and Back to Normal. The results indicate that there is a significant difference in the Pareto fronts between the three phases. To compensate for the shift in temperatures, the fishermen have to invest more in their fishing activities to insure sustainable productivity.
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4,074
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Please write an abstract with title: Application-based Attention Mechanisms in Deep Learning, and key words: Machine learning, Biological neural networks, Visualization, Natural language processing, Recurrent neural networks, Machine learning algorithms. Abstract: Attention is the process of reflecting intensely on several items when overlooking others. As a blooming aspect of machine learning, the field of natural language processing incorporated this cognitive process into one of its mechanisms. This mechanism has helped in terms of reducing computation power as it focuses on only the specific states. This paper presents the cognitive process applied to different other fields in deep learning along with challenges faced by the same.
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4,075
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Please write an abstract with title: Towards Malicious Exploitation of Energy Management Mechanisms, and key words: Hardware, Circuit faults, Voltage control, Energy management, Task analysis, Software, Regulators. Abstract: Architectures are becoming more and more complex to keep up with the increase of algorithmic complexity. To fully exploit those architectures, dynamic resources managers are required. The goal of dynamic managers is either to optimize the resource usage (e.g. cores, memory) or to reduce energy consumption under performance constraints. However, performance optimization being their main goal, they have not been designed to be secure and present vulnerabilities. Recently, it has been proven that energy managers can be exploited to cause faults within a processor allowing to steal information from a user device. However, this exploitation is not often possible in current commercial devices. In this work, we show current security vulnerabilities through another type of malicious usage of energy management, experimentation shows that it is possible to remotely lock out a device, denying access to all services and data, requiring for example the user to pay a ransom to unlock it. The main target of this exploit are embedded systems and we demonstrate this work by its implementation on two different commercial ARM-based devices.
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4,076
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Please write an abstract with title: Reef Profiles: Technology Evaluation for Resource Development, and key words: Biological materials, Productivity, Research and development, Biology computing, History, Information management, Research and development management, Sea measurements, Sea floor, Computer science education. Abstract: The ARDC REEF PROFILES data base is a catalog of permitted reef sites in U.S. waters. This includes sites where active reefs already exist and those which have been permitted and are simply awaiting suitable materials. Artificial reefs are identified by location and described in terms of physical biological, and hydrological conditions, reef size and configuration, materials used, proximity to shore, and other information relevant to sponsors and reef users. REEF PROFILES provides a framework for artificial reef categorization and evaluation so developers can choose structures suited to provide for multiple use of national coastal zone and seafloor areas. REEF PROFILES provides a mechanism for reviewing reef case histories and structures that have been employed in past projects. By analyzing the REEF PROFILES data base, systematic evaluation of reef structures can be accomplished, leading to effective artificial reef development in the future.
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4,077
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Please write an abstract with title: A MEMS gravimeter with multi-axis gravitational sensitivity, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Sensitivity, Tensors, Computational modeling, Resonant frequency, Inertial navigation, Stability analysis. Abstract: A single-axis Microelectromechanical system gravimeter has recently been developed at the University of Glasgow. The sensitivity and stability of this device was demonstrated by measuring the Earth tides. The success of this device was enabled in part by its extremely low resonant frequency. This low frequency was achieved with a geometric anti-spring design, fabricated using well-established photolithography and dry etch techniques. Analytical models can be used to calculate the results of these non-linear oscillating systems, but the power of finite element analysis has not been fully utilised to explore the parameter space before now. In this article finite element models are used to investigate the behaviour of geometric anti-springs. These computer models provide the ability to investigate the effect of the fabrication material of the device: anisotropic <100> crystalline silicon. This is a parameter that is difficult to investigate analytically, but finite element modelling is used to take anisotropy into account. The finite element models are then used to demonstrate the design of a three-axis gravimeter enabling the gravity tensor to be measured - a significantly more powerful tool than the original single-axis device.
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4,078
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Please write an abstract with title: Energy Management System for Three-Phase Microgrids using Affine Arithmetic, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Uncertainty, Microgrids, Programming, Mathematical models, Mixed integer linear programming, Energy management systems. Abstract: This work presents a three-phase mathematical model based on Affine Arithmetic to solve the problem of the Energy Management System for microgrids in grid-connected mode, considering the uncertainties in the load and renewable energy. The resulting model contains two optimization subproblems. The first problem is a mixed-integer linear programming model that represents the Unit Commitment problem based on Affine Arithmetic, and the second problem is a non-linear programming model that establishes the formulation for the economic dispatch problem. The optimization problems are written in AMPL, while the heuristic process, which integrates the subproblems, is solved in Matlab2018b through the AMPL-API interface. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed work is evaluated in a three-phase IEEE 19-bus system, where the results showed robust solutions without requiring a considerable computational effort, reaching an economical operation.
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4,079
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Please write an abstract with title: Coherence Based Trajectory Optimization for Compressive Sensing of Sound Fields, and key words: Frequency-domain analysis, Coherence, Tools, Signal processing, Position measurement, Robustness, Sensors. Abstract: Moving microphones allow for the fast acquisition of spatially dense sound-field data. The dynamic samples encode parameters that describe the particular sound field. For parameter decoding, a deconvolution problem in the time dimension and an interpolation problem in the spatial dimension must be solved simultaneously. The corresponding system of linear equations tends to be ill-posed and underdetermined unless an excessive number of samples is provided. Therefore, sparse recovery according to the compressed-sensing paradigm is required, which is achievable by exploiting the sparsity of sound fields in frequency domain. At this, stability and robustness depend on the sensing matrix and can be indicated by its coherence. For optimizing the coherence, mathematical tools that operate directly on the sensing matrix are impractical, as the dynamic-sensing matrix possesses structured entries constrained by the measurement trajectory. In this paper, we present an efficient update scheme that allows for the direct manipulation of the microphone trajectory for improving the coherence of the sensing matrix and, thus, reducing error bounds of the sparse recovery in frequency domain.
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4,080
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Please write an abstract with title: Resilience Enhancement for Multi-State Interdependent Infrastructure Networks, and key words: Uncertainty, Stochastic processes, Distribution networks, Programming, Reliability, Prognostics and health management, Resilience. Abstract: Reducing vulnerability and enhancing resilience of infrastructure networks subject to uncertain disruptions is a challenge as these networks become intensively interconnected and interdependent. This paper devotes to addressing the problem of preparedness planning of interdependent infrastructure networks. The multi-state natures of network components are taken into account to characterize the interactions between infrastructure networks. A novel two-stage stochastic programming model which is able to cope with the uncertainty associated with disruptions is proposed to effectively enhance resilience under limited budget. The proposed model is applied to an illustrative network composed of interdependent power-water distribution networks, and the results show that (i) the overall resilience of interdependent power-water distribution networks is greatly enhanced under different types disruptive events. (ii) the proposed two-stage stochastic programming model is a general model framework that is applicable to a diversity of multi-state interdependent infrastructure networks.
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4,081
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Please write an abstract with title: Information Approach to Estimation of an Optical Spectral Device Efficiency, and key words: Systematics, Instruments, Measurement uncertainty, Optical variables measurement, Adaptive optics, Time measurement, Telecommunications. Abstract: An approach that allows to estimate and compare the efficiency of optical spectral devices of various classes is proposed in this paper. This approach was developed in the frame of information theory and the main criterion is the amount of information received by the spectral device during measurement. An exhaustive characteristic of a spectral device is the spread function, which is determined by the error of the device. The relationship between the amount of information received by the spectral device and its error was mathematically determined to estimate the obtained measurement accuracy. The term of information efficiency of a spectral device was introduced. It characterizes the consistency of the properties of the device and the measured process.
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4,082
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Please write an abstract with title: A Tangent Approximation Coefficient Extraction Method for Instantaneous Sample Indexed Magnitude-Selective Affine Behavioral Model, and key words: Computational modeling, Wireless communication, Computational complexity, Predistortion, Mathematical models, Radio frequency, Mean square error methods. Abstract: The coefficients of digital predistortion (DPD) models are often extracted by the least square (LS) method, which has high computational complexity because of the operations of the large matrix. In this letter, a low complexity coefficient extraction method for instantaneous sample indexed magnitude-selective affine (I-MSA) model is proposed. The proposed method uses the tangent of the midpoint of the piecewise function to fit the curve. Therefore, the LS coefficient extraction only needs a small amount of data near the midpoint, rather than using all the data in the segmented region. Simulation and experimental results have confirmed that compared with the original LS method, the proposed method has similar modeling accuracy and linearization performance, but the computational complexity of coefficient extraction is greatly reduced.
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4,083
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of finite element method in design of a 50 kW direct drive synchronous generator for variable speed wind turbines, and key words: Finite element methods, Design methodology, Synchronous generators, Wind turbines, Wind energy generation, Wind energy, Testing, Process design, Energy conversion, Power generation. Abstract: This work presents the electromagnetic design process and methodology for a direct drive synchronous generator for variable speed wind turbines, with an emphasis on the applications of the finite element method (FEM) in electromagnetic design. The finite element method has been used for fine-tuning and verifying the design, as well as for evaluating the performance characteristics such as no-load saturation curve, voltage and current waveforms. Major electromagnetic quantities calculated from the finite element method include flux density, flux, inductance and back emf at various excitation conditions. The designed 480 V, 50 kW, 80 rpm synchronous generator has been produced, installed and tested. Test results are reported in the paper. With the agreement between the FEM analyses and the test results, the methodologies used in the design process have been verified.
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4,084
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Please write an abstract with title: A Sparse Representation Based Joint Demosaicing Method for Single-Chip Polarized Color Sensor, and key words: Image color analysis, Color, Cameras, Interpolation, Optimization, Imaging, Image reconstruction. Abstract: The emergence of the single-chip polarized color sensor now allows for simultaneously capturing chromatic and polarimetric information of the scene on a monochromatic image plane. However, unlike the usual camera with an embedded demosaicing method, the latest polarized color camera is not delivered with an in-built demosaicing tool. For demosaicing, the users have to down-sample the captured images or to use traditional interpolation techniques. Neither of them can perform well since the polarization and color are interdependent. Therefore, joint chromatic and polarimetric demosaicing is the key to obtaining high-quality polarized color images. In this paper, we propose a joint chromatic and polarimetric demosaicing model to address this challenging problem. Instead of mechanically demosaicing for the multi-channel polarized color image, we further present a sparse representation-based optimization strategy that utilizes chromatic information and polarimetric information to jointly optimize the model. To avoid the interaction between color and polarization during demosaicing, we separately construct the corresponding dictionaries. We also build an optical data acquisition system to collect a dataset, which contains various sources of polarization, such as illumination, reflectance and birefringence. Results of both qualitative and quantitative experiments have shown that our method is capable of faithfully recovering full RGB information of four polarization angles for each pixel from a single mosaic input image. Moreover, the proposed method can perform well not only on the synthetic data but the real captured data.
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4,085
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimum design of conducting sensor for on-line moisture measurement, and key words: Moisture measurement, Conducting materials, Finite element methods, Current measurement, Wheels, Conductivity, Computer errors, Design methodology, Area measurement, Voltage. Abstract: The conducting sensor type was decided by several experiments. The surface plane sensor is satisfactory to on-line measurement of granular material moisture because of its good repeatability. Combining with orthogonal regression design method, the finite element method of steady current field was also used to model the optimum-conducting sensor, in order that the accuracy of on-line moisture measurements was improved. The conducting sensor sensitivity was maximum when the thickness varies, the relative error met the requirements. The two dimensions model of conducting sensor is established and three dimensions parameters are decided based on the optimum design. The optimum-conducting sensor was used to on-line measure a sinter mixture moisture at the end, and experiment results show its high accuracy.
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4,086
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Please write an abstract with title: Querying for Interactions, and key words: Videos, Query processing, Heuristic algorithms, Surveillance, Object recognition, Filtering algorithms, Proposals. Abstract: Deep Learning and Computer Vision advances enabled sophisticated information extraction out of images and videos. Recent research aims to make objects, their types and relative locations, first class citizens for query processing purposes. We initiate research to explore declarative queries for real time video streams involving objects and their interactions. We seek to efficiently identify frames in which an object is interacting with another in a specific way. We propose progressive filters (PF) algorithm which deploys a sequence of inexpensive and less accurate filters to detect the presence of query specified objects on frames. We demonstrate that PF derives a least cost sequence of filters given the query objects’ current selectivities. Since selectivities may vary as the video evolves, we present a statistical test to determine when to trigger filters’ re-optimization. Finally, we present Interaction Sheave, a filtering approach that uses learned spatial information about objects and interactions to prune frames that are unlikely to involve the query specified action between them, thus improving the frame processing rate. We present the results of a thorough experimental evaluation involving real datasets. We experimentally demonstrate that our techniques can improve query performance (up to an order of magnitude) while maintaining competitive F1-score.
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4,087
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Please write an abstract with title: Largest eigenvalue of complex Wishart matrices and performance analysis of MIMO MRC systems, and key words: Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Performance analysis, MIMO, Receiving antennas, Transmitting antennas, Closed-form solution, Probability, Diversity reception, Array signal processing, Rayleigh channels. Abstract: This paper extends Khatri (1964, 1969) distribution of the largest eigenvalue of central complex Wishart matrices to the noncentral case. It then applies the resulting new statistical results to obtain closed-form expressions for the outage probability of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems employing maximal ratio combining (known also as "beamforming" systems) and operating over Rician-fading channels. When applicable these expressions are compared with special cases previously reported in the literature dealing with the performance of (1) MIMO systems over Rayleigh-fading channels and (2) single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) systems over Rician-fading channels. As a double check these analytical results are validated by Monte Carlo simulations and as an illustration of the mathematical formalism some numerical examples for particular cases of interest are plotted and discussed. These results show that, given a fixed number of total antenna elements and under the same scattering condition (1) SIMO systems are equivalent to multiple-input-single-output systems and (2) it is preferable to distribute the number of antenna elements evenly between the transmitter and the receiver for a minimum outage probability performance.
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4,088
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Please write an abstract with title: Cosmological cross-correlations and nearest neighbour distributions, and key words: cosmology, cosmology: large-scale structure of Universe. Abstract: Cross-correlations between data sets are used in many different contexts in cosmological analyses. Recently, k-nearest neighbour cumulative distribution functions (kNN-CDF) were shown to be sensitive probes of cosmological (auto) clustering. In this paper, we extend the framework of NN measurements to describe joint distributions of, and correlations between, two data sets. We describe the measurement of joint kNN-CDFs, and show that these measurements are sensitive to all possible connected N-point functions that can be defined in terms of the two data sets. We describe how the cross-correlations can be isolated by combining measurements of the joint kNN-CDFs and those measured from individual data sets. We demonstrate the application of these measurements in the context of Gaussian density fields, as well as for fully non-linear cosmological data sets. Using a Fisher analysis, we show that measurements of the halo-matter cross-correlations, as measured through NN measurements are more sensitive to the underlying cosmological parameters, compared to traditional two-point cross-correlation measurements over the same range of scales. Finally, we demonstrate how the NN cross-correlations can robustly detect cross-correlations between sparse samples – the same regime where the two-point cross-correlation measurements are dominated by noise.
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4,089
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Please write an abstract with title: Navigating Performance, Portability, and Productivity, and key words: Measurement, Productivity, Performance evaluation, Navigation, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: The phrase “performance portability” is commonly used, but may mean different things to different people. Developing a better appreciation of the needs of different software developers and a framework for talking about these needs improves our ability to define goals, design experiments, and make forward progress. This article discusses a methodology for quantifying, summarizing, visualizing, and understanding application performance portability, and programmer productivity.
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4,090
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Please write an abstract with title: A Fitting Method of RF Channel Group Delay Characteristics for High Precision Navigation, and key words: high precision navigation, piecewise fitting, group delay characteristics, Fourier decomposition. Abstract: The group delay and amplitude characteristics of the receiver signal channel are mainly determined by the Radio Frequency front-end, whose amplitude and phase characteristics can be approximated to a nonlinear phase band-pass filter. Among them, group delay has a great influence on high-precision navigation and positioning system. In the high-precision navigation receiver, in order to better evaluate the influence of group delay characteristics on the receiver, it is necessary to accurately measure the group delay characteristics of the receiver and fit it with high-precision. Based on the group delay characteristics of the receiver channel measured by the vector network analyzer, this paper proposes a fitting method which combines the piecewise fitting and the Fourier decomposition. Through the experimental simulation, it can be concluded that this method has the advantages of high precision and small computation compared with the polynomial fitting method based on the least square method (LSM) and approximate fitting method of group delay Fourier decomposition.
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4,091
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Please write an abstract with title: An Evaluation of Renewable Fraction Using Energy Storage for Electric Vehicle Charging Station, and key words: Radio frequency, Renewable energy sources, Temperature dependence, Transportation, Carbon dioxide, Fossil fuels, Electric vehicle charging. Abstract: Today, increasing electric vehicle (EV) popularity thanks to the incentives leads to grow the number of EV charging stations (EVCS). Meeting the increasing demand using fossil fuels puts countries' carbon emission targets into trouble. Therefore, hybrid power systems (HPS) can reduce the grid dependency on energy production using enhancing distributed renewable energy technologies. In this context, the parking lot of Electric-Electronics Faculty at Yildiz Technical University has been determined as the study area. First, HPS solutions, including PV and grid, are discussed in HOMER Grid to meet the increasing EVCS demand considering vehicle capacity and roof restrictions of the relevant parking lot. Later, it was desired to evaluate the self-consumption and renewable rate by integrating energy storage systems with certain capacities into HPS, in line with zero carbon emission targets. The RF could be increased up to 91.9%, and the energy exchange rate (EER) could be increased up to 80.2 % in the first hybrid option without ESS. In addition, the cost of energy (COE) could be reduced by up to 29.3%, even the highest charging demand. RF, SCR, and SSR could be increased up to 6%, 5.7%, and 7.8% in the most cost-effective HPS option with ESS, respectively. With the proposed solutions, self-consumption and, therefore, renewable energy will increase, and zero carbon emission targets will be achieved more quickly, both with the spread of prosumers and the advancement of technology.
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4,092
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Elastic Cloud Resource Management Strategies based on Kubernetes, and key words: Electrical engineering, Systems architecture, Predictive models, Traffic control, Load management, Real-time systems, Delays. Abstract: Kubernetes’ native horizontal scaling strategy, horizontal pod autoscaler(HPA), suffers from a single monitoring metric that does not accurately measure workload. In addition, there are response delays in the expansion stage, and the deletion of redundant Pods in the capacity reduction phase may adversely affect load balancing. In order to improve the efficiency of computing resource usage, this paper designs an automatic horizontal scaling system architecture based on the Monitor-Analyse-Planning-Execution (MAPE) loop to address the above problems. The system also equips the horizontal scaling system with the resource deletion strategy RRS, which enables the system to handle bursty workloads better. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a passive strategy based on weighted metric thresholds and an active strategy based on ARIMA prediction. The results of multiple experiments show that the ARIMA-prediction-based strategy has the problem of decreasing prediction accuracy in the late stage of the experiment, demonstrating the limitations of the ARIMA model in the real-time scaling system. The weighted-metric-threshold-based strategy outperforms HPA in that the timing, number, and replica variation of Pod scaling better matches workload variation and improves response latency. This paper provides a reference for researchers, developers, and others using Kubernetes to optimize the performance of HPA.
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4,093
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Please write an abstract with title: Watersheds of functions and picture segmentation, and key words: Skeleton, Sampling methods, Iterative methods. Abstract: The watersheds of a function are geometric features which are very useful in picture segmentation. We briefly and intuitively define the notion of watersheds, and we state that this transformation can be performed starting from the skeleton of the function. This skeleton is a particular case of a general morphological transformation called Thinning. Two examples of use of the watersheds are then given : the first one drawn from contour detection of defects in weld radiographs and the other one from the segmentation of bubbles on an electrophoresis gel.
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4,094
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Please write an abstract with title: Plasma-induced damage on sub-5 nm gate oxide by PECVD-Ti process, and key words: Plasma applications, Plasma immersion ion implantation, Plasma properties, Leakage current, Plasma devices, Testing, Research and development, Ignition, Very large scale integration, Etching. Abstract: Plasma-induced damage by the PECVD-Ti process on the leakage current of sub-5 nm gate oxide was investigated. The plasma conditions during the deposition of PECVD-Ti critically affected characteristics of the gate oxide such as the leakage current and the breakdown voltage. Lowering of plasma power in a deposition step improves the gate oxide properties but cannot clearly reduce all gate oxide failure. According to plasma damage monitoring analysis, a large plasma damage during the plasma ignition step was observed, which indicates that failure of the gate oxide was due to the unbalanced plasma ignition in the deposition step. It is very important to optimize process parameters and to control system conditions to prevent the unbalanced plasma ignition during the PECVD-Ti process.
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4,095
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Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Performance of the LMS Algorithm on the Estimation of Wide Sense Stationary Channels, and key words: Performance analysis, Algorithm design and analysis, Least squares approximation, Estimation error, Time-varying channels, Context, Stochastic processes, Autocorrelation, Steady-state, Computer simulation. Abstract: Analytical Performance of the LMS Algorithm on the Estimation of Wide Sense Stationary Channels The performance of the least mean square (LMS) algorithm on the estimation of time-varying channels is analytically evaluated, using the estimation error-correlation matrix, the mean-square weight error (MSWE), and the mean-square estimation error (MSE) as parameters. Expressions for those parameters are obtained from a set of hypotheses usually adopted in the communication systems context. The channel is modeled as a wide sense stationary (WSS) discrete-time stochastic field with known autocorrelation. The expressions for the steady-state MSWE and MSE are specialized for the class of WSS channel models, and an original analysis of the optimum LMS step-size parameter for usual channel models is addressed. For the sake of comparison with other works, the analytical step-size optimization for random-walk models is also considered. Several estimates of MSWE curves obtained by computer simulation are compared with analytical results for validation purposes. A very good agreement between simulated and analytical results for both the MSWE expressions and the optimum value of the LMS step-size parameter is shown.
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4,096
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Please write an abstract with title: Automatic dialog act segmentation and classification in multiparty meetings, and key words: Telephony, Natural languages, Microphones, Speech recognition, Automatic speech recognition, Computer science, Degradation, Computer errors, Context modeling, Humans. Abstract: We explore the two related tasks of dialog act (DA) segmentation and DA classification for speech from the ICSI Meeting Corpus. We employ simple lexical and prosodic knowledge sources, and compare results for human-transcribed versus automatically recognized words. Since there is little previous work on DA segmentation and classification in the meeting domain, our study provides baseline performance rates for both tasks. We introduce a range of metrics for use in evaluation, each of which measures different aspects of interest. Results show that both tasks are difficult, particularly for a fully automatic system. We find that a very simple prosodic model aids performance over lexical information alone, especially for segmentation. Both tasks, but particularly word-based segmentation, are degraded by word recognition errors. Finally, while classification results for meeting data show some similarities to previous results for telephone conversations, findings also suggest a potential difference with respect to the effect of modeling DA context.
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4,097
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Please write an abstract with title: A novel velocity estimator based on closed form spectral moment of the received signal, and key words: Scattering, Noise robustness, Additive white noise, Narrowband, Telecommunication computing, Systems engineering and theory, Laplace equations, Algorithm design and analysis, Read only memory, Frequency diversity. Abstract: In this paper we derive a closed form spectral moment expression of the received signal in an arbitrary scattering environment. We show for the first time that the spectral moment expression provides analytical characterization for many realistic scattering distributions (e.g., uniform limited, Laplacian and cosine). This expression is then used to derive a novel mobile station velocity estimator. By comparing with two existing spectral moment based estimators; ZCR-based and ROM-based, we show that the new estimator is more robust to the effects of non-isotropic scattering, Ricean factor, additive white noise, mean scattering direction and LOS direction.
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4,098
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Design of 5G Virtual Private Network for Electric Power Industry in China, and key words: Industries, Mechatronics, 5G mobile communication, Wireless networks, Power grids, Virtual private networks, Planning. Abstract: With the construction of Energy Internet, 5G power virtual private network will play an important role in it. This paper first analyzes the adaptability of power business and 5G technology. Then, a networking architecture of 5G power virtual private network is proposed, including the 5G network slice planning, wireless network structure, bearer network structure, core network structure, etc. At last, in order to verify the network performance, two typical electric power businesses are piloted. The results show that, 5G power virtual private network can meet the communication requirements of electric power business.
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4,099
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Please write an abstract with title: Metal-dielectric structure with 2D surface grating for refractive index sensor, and key words: Reflectivity, Sensitivity, Refractive index, Metals, Resists, Dielectrics, Gratings. Abstract: This paper deals with the theoretical study of metal dielectric structure with two-dimensional surface grating as an optical sensor for medical applications for sucrose solutions detection. In the proposed structure, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) response of the plasmonic structure in a spectral range of 556.3 nm – 558.6 nm with a sensitivity from 112.5 nm/RIU to 235 nm/RIU was revealed.
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