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Please write an abstract with title: Methodology and hardware of terahertz BWO-spectroscopy, and key words: Hardware, Magnetic field measurement, Frequency measurement, Temperature measurement, Optical waveguides, Spectroscopy, Oscillators, Submillimeter wave measurements, Microwave theory and techniques, Optical polarization. Abstract: Modern terahertz (THz) spectrometers based on coherent sources of radiation, the backward-wave oscillators (BWOs), cover frequencies v = 2 cm/sup -1/ - 45 cm/sup -1/ (60-1350 GHz) and allow for measurements at temperatures 2-1000 K, also in magnetic fields up to 8 Tesla (Koslov and Volkov, 1998). They are of a hybrid type and combine merits of techniques existing in neighboring microwave and infrared ranges: the "high quality" of the working radiation (highly monochromatic and polarized, finely frequency-tunable), on one hand, and the broad-band flexible quasioptical measurement schemes (no waveguides are used, radiation is travelling in free space), on the other hand. The main feature of BWO-spectrometers which is important for spectroscopists is that they allow for a direct determination of the spectra of any optical quantity of the sample under study: real and imaginary parts of refractive index n*(v) = n(v) + ik(v), dielectric constant /spl epsiv/*(v) = /spl epsiv/'(v) + i/spl epsiv/"(v), dynamical conductivity /spl sigma/*(v) = /spl sigma/'(v) + i/spl sigma/"(v), magnetic permeability /spl mu/*(v) = /spl mu/'(v) + i/spl mu/"(v), etc.
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4,401
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Please write an abstract with title: BF/sub 2//sup +/ implant: a fluorine bubble induced ET failure, and key words: Implants, Silicon, Etching, Silicides, Annealing, Boron, Testing, Substrates, Plasma temperature, Failure analysis. Abstract: Fluorine bubbles are a known result of BF/sub 2//sup +/ high energy implants. This work presents a failure mechanism induced by gross fluorine bubbles, that allows poly silicon to be damaged during its subsequent cobalt silicide etch. An alternative implant that includes both BF/sub 2//sup +/ and B11 may alleviate the effects of F precipitates without eliminating the benefits of BF/sub 2//sup +/ self-amorphizing the substrate.
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4,402
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Please write an abstract with title: Dual-Pole Line Start Synchronous Machine With Consequent-Magnetic Poles, and key words: Reluctance motors, Torque, Magnetic flux, Rotors, Induction motors, Permanent magnet motors. Abstract: This paper presents a new design of dual-pole (4-pole and 8-pole) Line Start Synchronous Motor (LSSM) with consequent magnetic pole structure. The proposed structure reduces the Permanent Magnet (PM) volume in the rotor core by 67 percent with respect to the reference dual-pole machine. Given the direct impact of the PM magnetic field on producing negative torque components such as braking torque and pulsating torque, lower PM volume can potentially limit the production of such negative torques. Therefore, in addition to cost saving benefits, the proposed structure contributes to a smooth start-up process. Meanwhile, different geometrical structures of PMs and flux barriers are discussed, their impacts on the overall motor performance are highlighted, and general design guidelines are provided. In particular, six different rotor structures with different PM arrangement and/or flux barrier arc angle are analyzed in Finite Element (FE) and their steady-state and transient performance metrics are compared. Finally, the best motor candidate is selected for further analyses, and prototyping.
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4,403
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Please write an abstract with title: Bayesian geometric model for line network extraction from satellite images, and key words: Bayesian methods, Solid modeling, Satellites, Roads, Data mining, Pixel, Simulated annealing, Random variables, Image segmentation, Geology. Abstract: This paper presents a two-step algorithm to perform an unsupervised extraction of line networks from satellite images, within a stochastic geometry framework. First, we propose a new operator, providing a measure of the possibility of linear structure presence on each image pixel. Second, we propose a Bayesian model in order to extract the line network from the operator output. The prior model, a Markov object process, incorporates the topological properties of the network through interactions between objects, while the line operator answers are taken into account in the likelihood. Optimization is realized by simulated annealing using a reversible jump Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm. An application to hydrographic network extraction is presented.
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4,404
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Please write an abstract with title: Changing the Image Memorability: From Basic Photo Editing to GANs, and key words: Gallium nitride, Image color analysis, Observers, Visualization, Tools, Task analysis, Training. Abstract: Memorability is considered to be an important characteristic of visual content, whereas for advertisement and educational purposes it is often crucial. Despite numerous studies on understanding and predicting image memorability, there are almost no achievements in memorability modification. In this work, we study two approaches to image editing - GAN and classical image processing - and show their impact on memorability. The visual features which influence memorability directly stay unknown till now, hence it is impossible to control it manually. As a solution, we let GAN learn it deeply using labeled data, and then use it for conditional generation of new images. By analogy with algorithms which edit facial attributes, we consider memorability as yet another attribute and operate with it in the same way. Obtained data is also interesting for analysis, simply because there are no real-world examples of successful change of image memorability while preserving its other attributes. We believe this may give many new answers to the question "what makes an image memorable?" Apart from that we also study the influence of conventional photo-editing tools (Photoshop, Instagram, etc.) used daily by a wide audience on memorability. In this case, we start from real practical methods and study it using statistics and recent advances in memorability prediction. Photographers, designers, and advertisers will benefit from the results of this study directly.
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4,405
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic sound pressure sensor based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer encapsulated by PET diaphragm, and key words: Pressure sensors, Optical interferometry, Optical fiber sensors, Sensitivity, Shape, Simulation, Sonar equipment. Abstract: An all-fiber dynamic sound pressure sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI) encapsulated with the Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (PET) diaphragm is composed. The relationships between the material, size, thickness of the diaphragm and sensitivity are analyzed theoretically. The simulation results show that the shape variable of the diaphragm increases as the diaphragm radius increases and the thickness decrease under the condition of the small deflection theorem, resulting in a good linear relationship between sound pressure and the shape of the diaphragm. The sensor can be widely used in dynamic sound pressure detection, sound signal collection, and recovery.
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4,406
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Please write an abstract with title: Locating Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities Based on Sensitive Functions, and key words: Deep learning, Codes, Databases, Computational modeling, Buffer overflows, Software, Data models. Abstract: Buffer overflow vulnerability (BOV) is a kind of dangerous vulnerability among software vulnerabilities. BOV is widespread in software programs and pose a serious security threat. In this paper, we focus on the functions that trigger buffer vulnerabilities, and the complexity of the code itself, and construct a multi-polar vulnerability code graph that can characterize the vulnerable code. Then build a list of sensitive keywords, locate sensitive fields through the list, obtain keyword-related subgraphs, and analyze data control relationships to detect vulnerabilities. Through experiments, our method can detect BOV triggered by sensitive functions, showing the effectiveness of the proposed keyword-based vulnerability in locating sensitive field functions. And it’s also useful for deep learning in vulnerability detection.
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4,407
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Please write an abstract with title: A Michelson Interferometer for Tokamak Far-Infrared Fourier — Transform Spectroscopy, and key words: Tokamak devices, Spectroscopy, Mirrors, Transforms, Standards, Plasmas, Plasma measurements. Abstract: Far-infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy [1] is now a standard diagnostic to measure the electron cyclotron emission from Tokamak plasmas. Various efforts have been made to improve this diagnostic [2, 3]. We will present at the conference the modifications which we made on the original N.P.L. design of the cube interferometer. Special attention has been given to the data acquisition system. The far-infrared interferometer has been equipped with a visible interferometer to monitor the mirror displacement. A special electronics unit has been built, which has 3 essential functions - control the mirror displacement - digitize the analog interferogram for storage into a 4 K buffer memory - provide a permanent reading of the stored interferograms. This part of the system was found extremely useful and well adapted to Tokamak conditions. We will also present results of measurements made on the TFR device.
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4,408
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Please write an abstract with title: Electrical Commissioning Owner's Project Requirements: A Template, and key words: Data centers, Power demand, High performance computing, Buildings, Writing, Supercomputers, Planning. Abstract: As the power demands of Supercomputers continue to grow, so does the demands of the electrical systems that support the infrastructure and building in which these Supercomputers reside. A typical new Supercomputer installation requires an upgrade to the design of the electrical system. As Supercomputers are refreshed roughly every 3 years which in turn drives electrical systems upgrades. The pre-design phase is critical for planning the installation of a new Supercomputer and requires documenting the overarching project purpose, goals, expectations, preferences, and limitations for the electrical systems, especially as the number of stakeholders increases. This Owner's Project Requirements (OPR) document then becomes guidance to the engineering and design teams for the development of the initial basis-of-design and subsequent construction documents. The electrical systems commissioning OPR provides a guideline for stakeholders to make sure that the electrical systems are well designed ‘up-front’ in the process of installation of a new Supercomputer. It also serves as a guiding checklist for the reader to use to inform their own generation of project guiding documents. This document will assist the owner and respective HPC infrastructure stakeholders in writing an OPR for the electrical systems supporting data centers or high-performance computing (HPC) facilities. This paper provides a template for developing an electrical system commissioning OPR. The template is sub-divided into sections that should be discussed and documented as part of the overall project requirements. The expectation is that this outline template forms a starting point for discussions for generating a guiding document for the commissioning of the electrical systems and standardizes the best practices and processes needed for the certification of the electrical commissioning of the HPC Supercomputers facilities.
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4,409
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Please write an abstract with title: Driving the future - electric mobility a paradigm shift & its challenges, and key words: Telematics, Electric vehicles, State of charge, Vehicle-to-grid, Industries, Fuels, Automotive engineering. Abstract: Electric Vehicles (EVs) have witnessed an unprecedented global interest in recent times, emerging as the one of the most promising alternate power train technologies with zero tailpipe emissions and long-term economic viability. The global automotive industry is at the cusp of a paradigm shift from internal combustion engine vehicles to zero emission vehicles. Indian government’s sights firmly set on making India a nation chiefly running on electric transportation by 2030. There are lot of challenges in adopting EV in India with lack of supporting supply chain, manufacturing and infrastructure ecosystem. Four technology driven trends Electrification, Shared mobility, Connectivity and Autonomous driving are leading the automotive industry in India. This paper functionally designs an efficient electric vehicle telematics framework for smart transportation aiming at providing an EV- related advertisement via digital multimedia broadcasting. Taking advantage of information technology and wireless communication, the telematics system can support electric vehicle tracking, vehicle sharing, charging station selection and location data analysis. The electric vehicle charge service develops a reservation protocol between drivers and stations, charge station scheduling and path adaption according to a new charge plan. In addition, as a promising business model, electric vehicle sharing needs station placement and relocation schemes to which a previous pick up point analysis result van be a helpful guide. The telematics framework enriches the related applications with diverse building blocks and thus accelerates the penetration of electric vehicles into our daily life.
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4,410
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Please write an abstract with title: A Recommendation System for Functional Features to aid Requirements Reuse, and key words: Feature extraction, Engines, Knowledge based systems, Software, Data mining, Tools, Software engineering. Abstract: Software product lines (SPL) engineering is an efficient means to enhance software quality, support requirement reuse and develop variants of products. Functional and nonfunctional features can be extracted from SRS docs of ancestry built artifacts to aid RR. In this paper we offer a recommendation web tool (prototype) to extract functional features and calculating reusability for amount of data available in the form of SRS of already developed systems. In initial-level, SRS docs are feed into system. System accesses natural language requirements automatically from SRS. Terms extraction is performed which depends on keyword occurrences from several combinations of nouns, verbs, and/or adjectives. Phrases that reflect functional features reside on SRS docs were extracted by using information retrieval (IR). FRs are then stored in knowledgebase automatically. In Secondary-level, requirement analyst inputs summary of prospective system and selects the operation to perform i.e. simple and advance search. System applies POS-tagger technique on software summary for tokenization to search functional features. These tokens are then passed to inference engine to match between knowledgebase to identify which features could be recommended to analyst to aid RR. Matched features with queried features are prioritized using collaborative filtering to assist requirement analyst in making right decision in different software engineering tasks, starting from forming the teams and specifying the requirements to subsequent projects.
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4,411
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Please write an abstract with title: Continuous Operation of Wind Power Plants under DC Line Faults in Multi-Circuit HVDC Transmission System, and key words: HVDC transmission, Simulation, Circuit breakers, Switches, Energy conversion, Wind power generation, Power system reliability. Abstract: This paper focuses on the multi-circuit HVDC transmission system which can localize DC line faults. The conventional method requires to shutdown and restart the wind power plants after the DC line faults, resulting in the long-term suspension of the power plants. This paper proposes a control sequence for enabling continuous operation of wind power plants under DC line faults in the multi-circuit HVDC transmission system. The proposed method reduces the power outage after the DC line faults. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method enables continuous operation of the wind power plants and reduces the power outage to 0.2 seconds.
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4,412
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Please write an abstract with title: A synthesizable RTL design of asynchronous FIFO, and key words: Delay, Logic, Signal processing, Design methodology, Clocks, Electronic design automation and methodology, System-on-a-chip, Asynchronous communication, Counting circuits, Hardware design languages. Abstract: An asynchronous FIFO which avoids data movement in a micropipeline FIFO is presented and it has been implemented as a gate-level netlist. The presented asynchronous FIFO model is constructed by commonly used hardware-description language and synthesized using the conventional EDA tools and methods for synchronous design. The purpose of this work is to construct a reusable asynchronous FIFO design which suits the commonly used synchronous design tools and flow.
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4,413
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Please write an abstract with title: Compendia of radiation test results of integrated circuits, and key words: Circuit testing, Integrated circuit testing, Performance evaluation, Gold, Logic, Single event upset, Ionizing radiation, EPROM, Temperature, Cyclotrons. Abstract: Single event effects (SEE), total ionizing dose (TID) and radiation reliability data taken for existing space products is presented. The data was collected to evaluate these devices for radiation effects in space environments.
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4,414
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Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Energy Flow Analysis and its Connection with Modal Analysis for Investigating Electromechanical Oscillations in Multi-Machine Power Systems, and key words: Oscillators, Power systems, Time-domain analysis, Synchronous generators, Modal analysis, Frequency-domain analysis, Feature extraction. Abstract: In this paper, a novel energy flow analysis (EFA) is proposed based on the signal reconstruction and decomposition to investigate the electromechanical oscillations. In contrast to the conventional EFA, the connection between the proposed EFA and modal analysis (MA) can be quantitatively revealed for arbitrary models of synchronous generators in multi-machine power systems. Firstly, the time-domain implementation (TDI) of the proposed EFA is designed. Specifically, the measurements at the terminal of a local generator are reconstructed through an exponential operator and then decomposed with respect to an angular frequency. Then, the mode-screened damping torque coefficient is defined to extract the damping feature with respect to an electromechanical oscillation mode. After that, the frequencydomain implementation (FDI) is derived. Specifically, the Parsevals Theorem is applied to transform the proposed EFA from the time domain to frequency domain. On this basis, the consistency between the proposed EFA and MA is strictly proved, which is applicable for arbitrary models of synchronous generators in multi-machine power systems. Additionally, the application procedure of the proposed EFA in investigating electromechanical oscillations is given. Finally, the proposed EFA is substantially demonstrated in multiple case studies.
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4,415
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Please write an abstract with title: Posture Recognition with Background Noise Elimination Using FMCW Radar, and key words: Wireless communication, Limiting, Radar, Radar signal processing, Social intelligence, Noise measurement, Information technology. Abstract: With the development of social intelligence and information technology, the research on human posture recognition has received extensive attention. In this paper, Posture recognition with background noise elimination using frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. Firstly, the radar signal processing is processed by using the method of limiting the range of motion, which effectively eliminates the influence of some static objects. Secondly, Density-Based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) method is adopted to cluster the processed coordinate data onto different clustering groups, so as to eliminate the influence of dynamic and static objects. Finally, the multi-branch deep learning network structure is adopted to effectively eliminate the background noise in different environments. The experimental results based on the collected actual data sets show that the accuracy of human posture recognition is significantly improved.
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4,416
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Please write an abstract with title: Towards a Natural Perspective of Smart Homes for Practical Security and Safety Analyses, and key words: Security, Smart homes, Privacy, Safety, Cameras, Predictive models. Abstract: Designing practical security systems for the smart home is challenging without the knowledge of realistic home usage. This paper describes the design and implementation of Hεlion, a framework that generates natural home automation scenarios by identifying the regularities in user-driven home automation sequences, which are in turn generated from routines created by end-users. Our key hypothesis is that smart home event sequences created by users exhibit inherent semantic patterns, or naturalness that can be modeled and used to generate valid and useful scenarios. To evaluate our approach, we first empirically demonstrate that this naturalness hypothesis holds, with a corpus of 30,518 home automation events, constructed from 273 routines collected from 40 users. We then demonstrate that the scenarios generated by Hεlion seem valid to end-users, through two studies with 16 external evaluators. We further demonstrate the usefulness of Hεlion's scenarios by addressing the challenge of policy specification, and using Hεlion to generate 17 security/safety policies with minimal effort. We distill 16 key findings from our results that demonstrate the strengths of our approach, surprising aspects of home automation, as well as challenges and opportunities in this rapidly growing domain.
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4,417
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Please write an abstract with title: A new fuzzy bandwidth carrier recovery system in GPS for robust phase tracking, and key words: Fuzzy systems, Bandwidth, Global Positioning System, Robustness, Tracking loops, Phase locked loops, Fuzzy control, Control systems, Filters, Acceleration. Abstract: Fast carrier recovery loops are essential in high-dynamic global positioning system receivers. A new digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) system incorporating a fuzzy bandwidth controller (FBC) is presented in this letter. The FBC provides a time-varying bandwidth and adjusts the loop filter coefficients to improve DPLL tracking capability. When the phase error or phase difference error becomes large in the presence of significant accelerations, the loop bandwidth increases adaptively and performs rapid locking. Simulation results show that our receiver does achieve a superior performance over conventional tracking loops in terms of shorter settling time and wider frequency ramp range, while preventing the occurrence of cycle slipping.
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4,418
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Please write an abstract with title: User Self-Motion Modulates the Perceptibility of Jitter for World-locked Objects in Augmented Reality, and key words: Augmented reality, jitter, visual perception, world-locked rendering. Abstract: A key feature of augmented reality (AR) is the ability to display virtual content that appears stationary as users move throughout the physical world (‘world-locked rendering’). Imperfect world-locked rendering gives rise to perceptual artifacts that can negatively impact user experience. One example is random variation in the position of virtual objects that are intended to be stationary (jitter’). The human visual system is highly attuned to detect moving objects, and moreover it can disambiguate between the retinal velocities that arise from object motion and self-motion, respectively. In this study, we investigated how the perceptibility of AR object jitter varies as a function of user self-motion. Using a commercially available AR HMD to display a 3D textured cube, we measured sensitivity to added jitter versus a no-jitter reference using a two-interval forced choice task. Three user motion conditions (stationary, head rotation, and walking) and three object placement conditions (floating in free space, on a desk, and against a wall) were tested in a full factorial design. We hypothesized that (1) as users move their head and eyes during self-motion, their sensitivity to jitter will decrease, due to added retinal velocity; and (2) rendering virtual objects near physical surfaces will increase sensitivity to jitter, by providing proximal veridical visual cues. Psychometric thresholds indicated that users were significantly less sensitive to jitter during self-motion than when they were stationary, consistent with hypothesis (1). Users were also more sensitive to jitter in one of the two object placement conditions, providing partial support for hypothesis (2). To generalize beyond distinct user motion and object placement conditions, we also analyzed eye tracking data. The amount of retinal slip (i.e. how much gaze drifted across the virtual object) predicted jitter thresholds better than recorded head movements alone, suggesting a retinally-driven decrease in jitter sensitivity during self-motion. These results can be used to inform requirements for AR world-locked rendering systems, as well as how these may be updated dynamically using online measurement of user head and eye movements.
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4,419
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Please write an abstract with title: Efficient passive macromodels for lossy multiconductor transmission lines using high order finite element method, and key words: Propagation losses, Multiconductor transmission lines, Finite element methods, Transmission lines, Frequency, Chebyshev approximation, Integrated circuit interconnections, Distributed parameter circuits, Dielectric losses, Conductors. Abstract: This paper presents a new closed-form passive time-domain macromodeling algorithm for distributed lossy multiconductor transmission lines (MTLs). The method is based on a sixth order finite element method (FEM) approximation and offers an efficient means to discretize MTLs compared to conventional lumped discretization (Paul, 1994) while preserving the passivity of the macromodel. It is shown that due to the high efficiency of sixth order approximation, the proposed macromodel requires only a few elements to achieve good accuracy. In addition, the FEM macromodel can include frequency-dependent per-unit-length (p.u.l.) parameters and can be extended to nonuniform transmission-lines (NUTLs).
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4,420
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Please write an abstract with title: Em Local Heating with HF Electric Fields (Comments), and key words: Resistance heating, Hafnium, Moment methods, Applicators, Government, Protection. Abstract: The above paper recently described a synthesis procedure that is intended for use in designing multisection capacitor-plate applicators for treatment by hyperthermia. The distribution of potentials on the subelectrodes is determined in order to obtain a specified pattern of energy deposition. While the derivation in that paper appears to be sound, considerable care must be used if the procedure is to be applied for the design of a practical applicator for use in patient treatment.
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4,421
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Please write an abstract with title: Progress in High Power Millimeter Wave Sources, and key words: Microwave integrated circuits, Electron beams, Millimeter wave radar, Microwave communication, Sensors, Plasmas, Electromagnetic spectrum. Abstract: Millimeter waves, corresponding to Ka and higher-frequency bands, are becoming more and more important in modern communication, radar, and sensing systems because the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum is becoming more and more crowded. This situation is driving the development of high-power millimeter-wave source technologies for in-band electromagnetic attacks and high-power radar systems. Here, ‘high power” is generally taken to be a peak power of over 100 megawatts (MWs). These high power sources are driven by intense relativistic electron beams (IREBs), and they can be categorized into slow wave or fast wave sources. Recent advances in these two kinds of sources are summarized in this paper.
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4,422
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Please write an abstract with title: Sampling-Based Nonlinear Stochastic Optimal Control for Neuromechanical Systems, and key words: Mathematical model, Indexes, Tendons, Stochastic processes, Joints, Optimal control, Trajectory. Abstract: Determining how the nervous system controls tendon-driven bodies remains an open question. Stochastic optimal control (SOC) has been proposed as a plausible analogy in the neuroscience community. SOC relies on solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, which seeks to minimize a desired cost function for a given task with noisy controls. We evaluate and compare three SOC methodologies to produce tapping by a simulated planar 3-joint human index finger: iterative Linear Quadratic Gaussian (iLQG), Model-Predictive Path Integral Control (MPPI), and Deep Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDE). We show that averaged over 128 repeats these methodologies can place the fingertip at the desired final joint angles but-because of kinematic redundancy and the presence of noise-they each have joint trajectories and final postures with different means and variances. iLQG in particular, had the largest kinematic variance and departure from the final desired joint angles. We demonstrate that MPPI and FBSDE have superior performance for such nonlinear, tendon-driven systems with noisy controls.Clinical relevance- The mathematical framework provided by MPPI and FBSDE may be best suited for tendon-driven anthropomorphic robots, exoskeletons, and prostheses for amputees.
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4,423
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Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Explainable Smart House Control System, and key words: Support vector machines, Training, Human computer interaction, Neural networks, Heat engines, Control systems, Ventilation. Abstract: This paper describes hybrid method for smart house control system, where control is made by training neural network with user habit data and then applying fuzzy rule set and computing with words engine to provide user with explanation why control change to light, heating or ventilation was made. For neural networks two different approaches were tested: classical support vector machine and newly emerged ML.Net framework. Both methods could correctly predict user desired controls with ~99% accuracy, but ML.Net was recommended for further use because it was less selective for the data format, on the other hand SVM required data separation for binary classification thus increasing required number of SVM machines if control areas would expand. Given verbal explanations accurately described current house control situation to the users, thus increasing confidence level for Explainable Artificial Intelligence.
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4,424
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Please write an abstract with title: Study of Electrical Conductivity of Pyrrole-Reduced Graphene Oxide Pellet, and key words: Water, X-ray scattering, Graphene, Glass, Conductivity, X-ray diffraction, Supercapacitors. Abstract: Pyrrole-reduced graphene oxide was synthesized by chemical reduction because of its outstanding advantages including large surface area, high effective permittivity and electron mobility, and high electrical conductivity. This work reports on the detailed electrical conductivity study of pyrrole-reduced graphene oxide (py-rGO) coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. The py-rGO pellet is compressed by a pair of (3 cm x 2 cm) FTO glasses electrode was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Py-rGO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The symmetric supercapacitor cell was made by putting rGO pellet in between of a pair of FTO glasses that has been soldered to act as anode and cathode. The electrical conductivity depends on the water hardness. Every types of water have different hardness. The conductivity of each rGO pellet before the water sample drop namely tap, distilled and lake water, are 1.154, 2.256 and 15.057 S/cm, respectively. Meanwhile, the conductivity of each rGO pellet after dropping are 5.168, 102.11 and 4.938 S/cm, respectively, showing that treated water has higher conductivity than untreated water. The changes in conductivity of the rGO pellet show that the conductivity of rGO pellet could be tuned by changing the condition of the water sample.
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4,425
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Please write an abstract with title: The Emerging Technology Identification of Ambulance Technologies in Thailand, and key words: Technological innovation, Conferences, Bibliometrics, Organizations, Search problems, Software, Planning. Abstract: The research in emerging technologies has long been crucial to many countries, ranging from public to private organizations. There are also various approaches to identify the emergence of technologies including bibliometric analysis. In the area of health policy, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) presents a key role to save lives and reduce death rates. These services use ambulances to take patients to the nearest hospital in emergencies, and many ambulance technologies are useful to support emergency medical personnel during their operations. Henceforth, the new creation of practical ambulance technologies benefits all mankind. According to Pulsiri et al. (2019), the new definition of “Ambulance technology” in the digital world should cover its arising three main clusters, which are Intelligent Transportation System, eHealth, and Telecommunication Infrastructure. Therefore, this paper aims to identify emerging ambulance technologies in the three main clusters by using bibliometric analysis. VantagePoint software is selected to analyze 177 publications from SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, to create the list of emerging ambulance technologies. These emerging technologies will be validated based on two criteria that are radical novelty and prominent impact, with healthcare experts. The validated list of emerging ambulance technology is also meaningful to support Thailand’s EMS policy in technology and innovation.
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4,426
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Please write an abstract with title: The “Great Beauty” of Diversity: Smart Totems to Promote Gender Uniqueness, and key words: Neuroscience, User centered design, Reflection, Behavioral sciences, Artificial intelligence, Advertising, Smart phones. Abstract: Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence, Sensors Technology, and, above all Internet-of-Things affect people's behavior in everyday life. Actually, technology in general, cannot yet be considered gender neutral: it is enough to consider that smartphones are primarily designed by males for the male hand size. Besides, neuroscience evidence has shown that the minds and behavior of men and women are deeply different. This gender uniqueness, if valued, may constitute opportunities for the whole society. Hence the need to consider it in the technology life cycle. This paper presents an Internet-of-Things solution represented by smart totems for advertisement and wayfinding services within advanced ICT-based shopping malls, that are conceived as a sentient space. To take into account the specificity of final users and to increase awareness of the gender uniqueness in the design of Internet-of-Things, a User-Centered Design methodology has been used. Scenarios and Personas have been created to consciously seek gender biases. This identification is then exploited to make Artificial Intelligence algorithms ecological, i.e., adapted to the real context of use, which is currently characterized by gender balance.
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4,427
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Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear Time Series Analysis in Unstable Periodic Orbits Identification Control Methods of Nonlinear Systems, and key words: Computers, Chaos, Buck converters, Perturbation methods, Time series analysis, Orbits, Power electronics. Abstract: This paper presents the use of time series in deterministic chaos theory. Recurrence plot (RP) is a two-dimensional representation method used to identify the behavior of complex systems. For example, it is proposed the use of the recurrence graph in identifying unstable periodic orbits (UPO) within a chaotic attractor. Thus, by applying nonlinear time series in the numerical data of chaotic systems, UPO specific to a certain type of behavior can be located. It also shows the efficiency of using RP in the control of chaotic dynamic systems. Next, the RP used in identifying UPO is applied to control techniques that consist of disrupting a system variable, one of the possible closed-loop approaches for stabilizing UPO. Another approach is to analyze the use of the RP method in stabilizing the Buck converter by a perturbed signal with phase difference.
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4,428
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Please write an abstract with title: The Role Played by Mass, Friction, and Inertia on the Driving Torques of Lower-Limb Gait Training Exoskeletons, and key words: Friction, Exoskeletons, Legged locomotion, Actuators, Torque, Robots, Mathematical model. Abstract: Lower-limb gait training exoskeletons are extraordinary tools used to reduce the burden of locomotor impairments in patients with neurological diseases. However, the transparent operation and backdrivability of such systems still needs to be improved. Moreover, it is not completely understood how the mechanical design of the robot can interfere with the user's gait pattern. Aiming to address these shortcomings, we investigate the required driving torques and mechanical power to move the legs under a wide range of actuator's mass, inertia and friction and thigh/shank lengths. We used the ExoRoboWalker, a six-degree-of-freedom lower-limb exoskeleton, to build a framework model based on the double-pendulum approach integrated with the actuators' mechanical impedance. Decoupled joint apparent inertia and the Rayleigh's dissipation function were introduced to the robot's Lagrangian to consider the effects of gearhead ratio and joint friction in the model. Firstly, it is presented the isolated effect of such variables on the required driving torques of the system. The oscillation frequency for the minimum joint torque was severely affected by variations of inertia, friction, and links length. Secondly, the combined effect of the actuator's mass, inertia and friction reveled that a heavier exoskeleton with low-ratio transmission required less torque and mechanical power than a lighter one with greater reduction ratio depending on the oscillation frequency, which is remarkable. These findings have important implications for new designs of lower-limb gait training systems.
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Please write an abstract with title: Weighted induced L/sup 2/ mixed sensitivity optimization for multi-rate distributed parameter systems, and key words: Distributed parameter systems, MIMO, Control system synthesis, Optimal control, Distributed control, Control systems, Distributed computing, Control design, Partial differential equations, Delay. Abstract: This paper considers the problem of designing near-optimal finite-dimensional controllers for stable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) distributed parameter plants under multi-rate sampled-data control. A weighted H/sup /spl infin//-style mixed-sensitivity measure which penalizes the control is used to define the notion of optimality. Controllers are generated by solving a "natural" finite-dimensional sampled-data optimization. A priori computable conditions are given on the approximants such that the resulting finite-dimensional controllers stabilize the multi-rate sampled-data controlled distributed parameter plant and are near-optimal. The proof relies on the fact that the control input is appropriately penalized in the optimization. The technique presented also assumes and exploits the fact that the plant can be approximated uniformly by finite-dimensional systems. Moreover, it is shown how the optimal performance may be estimated to any desired degree of accuracy by solving a single finite-dimensional problem using a suitable finite-dimensional approximant. The constructions given are simple. Finally, it should be noted that no infinite-dimensional spectral factorizations are required. In short, the paper provides a straight forward control design approach for a large class of MIMO distributed parameter systems under multi-rate sampled-data control.
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4,430
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Please write an abstract with title: Method for Linear Satellite Pay Television Censor Inappropriate Movie Scene in Indonesia, and key words: Motion pictures, TV, Satellite broadcasting, Software, Advertising, Presses. Abstract: To censor an inappropriate scene in a movie take a long time to process. The aim of this research is to design and to implement a working tested faster model of a censor system compared to a censor using a video editing method. This method demonstrates a Linear Satellite Pay Television Direct to Home, so it will be able to censor for an Inappropriate movie scene such as porn, violence, and radicalize content effectively and efficiently. Censor system becomes easy to implement without cutting and re-render the original movie file, and faster compare to re-encode the movie file. Satellite Pay Television operator can easily censor its content and align with Indonesian Broadcasting Law Number 44 2008 about pornography. We create the application to shorten the process of the re-encodes after censoring the inappropriate scene in a movie called Vlarm.
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4,431
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Mode QC-LDPC Decoding Architecture With Novel Memory Access Scheduling for 5G New-Radio Standard, and key words: Decoding, 5G mobile communication, Throughput, Standards, Parallel processing, Iterative decoding, Hardware. Abstract: As the low-density parity-check (LDPC) code has a powerful error-correcting performance and can achieve high throughput, it is being used in many application areas and recently adopted as a channel coding method in the 5G New-Radio communication standard. Unlike other LDPC codes, the 5G LDPC code has various irregular lifting sizes to support diverse message lengths. To meet the demanding requirements of the 5G standard, many solutions have been presented, but all of them are either impractical or fail to satisfy all the requirements. This paper, for the first time, proposes an area-efficient QC-LDPC decoder that satisfies the peak throughput requirements of the 5G standard and supports all the lifting sizes specified in the 5G standard. Instead of relying on full parallelism like in the previous works, this work tries partial parallelism to mitigate the hardware complexity, which leads to high efficiency in hardware complexity. In addition, a novel memory access scheduling method is proposed to solve the data access and alignment problems caused by the partially parallel structure, which is effective in supporting all the lifting sizes. A LDPC decoder realized in 65-nm CMOS technology demonstrates that its decoding throughput is greater than 20Gbps and its area is smaller than the existing decoders.
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4,432
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Please write an abstract with title: Radiation characterization and test methodology study of optocouplers devices for space applications, and key words: Testing, Protons, Degradation, Neutrons, Silicon, Phototransistors, Photodiodes, Light emitting diodes, Gallium arsenide, Manufacturing. Abstract: This work investigates the degradation of several different optocouplers for space applications. Hardened and standard (unhardened) types are tested under proton, neutron and Co/sup 60/ irradiations under various bias, fluence and dose rate conditions. An attempt to define an industrial cost-effective test procedure is proposed.
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4,433
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Please write an abstract with title: Robust Manifold Embedding for Face Recognition, and key words: Manifolds, Face, Training, Face recognition, Lighting, Classification algorithms, Robustness. Abstract: Flexible manifold embedding (FME) has been recognized as an effective method for face recognition by integrating both class label information from labeled data and manifold structure information of all data. In order to achieve better performance, this particular method usually requires sufficient samples to make manifold smooth. However, it is often hard to provide enough samples for FME in practice. In view of facial symmetry, we utilize left/right mirror face images to address the deficiency of samples in manifold embedding. These mirror images enable to reflect variations of illuminations, or poses or both them that the original face images cannot provide. Therefore, we propose a robust manifold embedding (RME) algorithm in this paper, which can fully use the class label information and correctly capture the underlying manifold structure. The proposed RME algorithm integrates two complementary characteristics of the label fitness and the manifold smoothness. Moreover, the original face images and its left/right mirror images are jointly used in the learning of RME, which shows better robustness against the variations of both illuminations and poses. Extensive experiments on several public face databases demonstrate that the proposed RME algorithm is promising for higher recognition accuracy than other compared methods in reference.
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4,434
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Please write an abstract with title: Electricity Quality Assurance in Open-Pit Mining: Considerations of Today, and key words: Quality assurance, Power supplies, Computational modeling, Harmonic filters, Frequency conversion, Mathematical models, Power system reliability. Abstract: This paper presents the today considerations of electricity quality assurance in open-pit mining. Improved technology and equipment for open-pit mining, the implementation of cutting-edge high-performance machinery require more efficient and reliable power supply to open-pit mining sites. Variable-speed drives, equipped with semiconductor converters, are used en masse in open-pit mining power systems, compromising the quality of electricity. Until recently, harmonic filters were the core solution to the electricity quality problem. As of today, variable-frequency drives are often used in combination with frequency converters, coupled with active front ends to improve the quality of electricity. The particularities of open-pit mining do complicate the design and choice of these electricity quality controllers. The problem could be addressed by a comprehensive approach that takes into account all the features of these electricity systems. The computer models proposed herein can be used to assess how electric drives with semiconductor converters affect the quality of electricity in open-pit mining. The paper shows that it is the type of the semiconductor converter-equipped drive and the proposed electricity quality controller that determine which mathematical model is to be used. It further presents the guidelines on how to choose electricity quality controllers, based on the developed methodology.
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4,435
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Please write an abstract with title: A Facial Expression Recognition Algorithm based on CNN and LBP Feature, and key words: Image recognition, Face recognition, Simulation, Lighting, Feature extraction, Convolutional neural networks, Security. Abstract: In recent years, facial expression recognition technology has been widely used in computer vision, security monitoring and image classification. However, in practical application, it is difficult to solve the rotation problem of facial expression image, which leads to the decrease of expression recognition rate and is difficult to meet the actual demand. Although the convolutional neural network (CNN) can extract the high-dimensional features of the image and has the invariance of gray scale, it does not have the invariance of rotation. Local binary model (LBP) is a feature extraction algorithm with rotation invariance, which can solve the rotation problem to some extent. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a face expression recognition algorithm based on CNN and LBP, and compares this algorithm with other algorithms. The simulation results show that this algorithm can improve the expression recognition rate under rotation to some extent.
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4,436
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Please write an abstract with title: Detection of MMW Radar Target Based on Doppler Characteristics and Deep Learning, and key words: Image recognition, Target recognition, Radar detection, Radar, Object detection, Radar imaging, Feature extraction. Abstract: In recent years, unmanned technology has been continuously developed. millimeter - wave (MMW)radar has been widely used in driverless vehicles because of its performance characteristics. Target detection is also one of the hot issues studied by experts and scholars in the field of driverless driving. According to the target detection problem of millimeter - wave radar, a deep learning - based target detection method is proposed. It uses 77G HZ on - board millimeter - wave radar Spectro graph data to mark the target existence area and form a standard data set through data preprocessing. An improved model of Doppler image detection of RetinaNet radar was subsequently proposed. The model uses ResNet101 as a feature extraction network, uses group normalization (GN) as a normalization method, improves the network accuracy and convergence speed, introduces the attention mechanism in the feature extraction network, and enhances the feature expression capability of the model. The improved RetinaNet model improves the average accuracy of radar Doppler image detection by 7.2 % and 91.5%, which provides ideas for the development of radar target detection and unmanned driving technology, and has engineering application value.
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4,437
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Please write an abstract with title: Vertical-Coupling Mirror Array for InP-PIC Wafer-Level Optical I/O with > 100-nm Wavelength Bandwidth, and key words: Optical losses, Surface waves, Bandwidth, Surface roughness, Rough surfaces, Mirrors, III-V semiconductor materials. Abstract: We developed a vertical-coupling mirror for InP photonic integrated circuits. An asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer with the mirror exhibits little wavelength-dependent loss and high extinction ratio of >20 dB over the 100-nm wavelength bandwidth.
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4,438
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimal common-mode voltage reduction PWM technique for inverter control with consideration of the dead-time effects-part II: applications to IM drives with diode front end, and key words: Pulse width modulation inverters, Optimal control, Voltage control, Diodes, Pulse width modulation, Induction motor drives, Space vector pulse width modulation, Electromagnetic interference, Zero voltage switching, Industry Applications Society. Abstract: The main theme of this paper is to demonstrate the applications of the newly developed common-mode voltage reduction pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) technique, which restricts the common-mode voltage to one-third of DC-link voltage, to vector-controlled induction motor drives. As compared to previous common-mode voltage reduction techniques, the presented technique can be applied to the inverter with diode front end and has no adverse effect on the linear modulation range. Therefore, vector-controlled drives using the developed technique for inverter control have a wide speed range. Moreover, the effects of the common-mode voltage reduction PWM technique on speed response for vector-controlled induction motor drives will be fully investigated in this paper. It will be demonstrated by intensive experimental results that speed performance does not deteriorate significantly within the rated speed range.
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4,439
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Please write an abstract with title: From principal to independent component analysis of brain signals, and key words: Independent component analysis, Principal component analysis, Covariance matrix, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Signal analysis, Magnetic analysis, Electroencephalography, Statistical distributions, Biological neural networks, Magnetoencephalography. Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to introduce the attendee/reader of the special session on component analysis and brain signals to, or refresh the concepts of the classical principal component analysis (PCA) and the more recent independent component analysis (ICA). Some motivations for their use in the context of electromagnetic brain signal processing are given. An illustrative example in event related studies is as well provided.
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4,440
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Please write an abstract with title: Data-Driven Representations for Testing Independence: A Connection with Mutual Information Estimation, and key words: Universal test of independence, representation learning, data-driven partitions, consistency and universality. Abstract: From the design of a data-driven partition, this paper addresses the problem of testing independence between two multidimensional random variables from i.i.d. samples. The empirical log-likelihood statistics is adopted with the objective of approximating the sufficient statistics of a test against independence that knows the two distributions (the oracle test). It is shown that approximating the sufficient statistics of the oracle test (asymptotically) offers a connection with the problem of estimating mutual information. Applying these ideas in the context of a data-dependent tree-structured partition (TSP), we derive concrete sufficient conditions on the parameters of the TSP scheme to obtain a strongly consistent test of independence distribution-free over the family of joint probabilities equipped with densities.
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4,441
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Please write an abstract with title: Edema Estimation From Facial Images Taken Before and After Dialysis via Contrastive Multi-Patient Pre-Training, and key words: Estimation, Fluids, Biomedical measurement, Diseases, Data models, Biomedical imaging, Task analysis. Abstract: Edema is a common symptom of kidney disease, and quantitative measurement of edema is desired. This paper presents a method to estimate the degree of edema from facial images taken before and after dialysis of renal failure patients. As tasks to estimate the degree of edema, we perform pre- and post-dialysis classification and body weight prediction. We develop a multi-patient pre-training framework for acquiring knowledge of edema and transfer the pre-trained model to a model for each patient. For effective pre-training, we propose a novel contrastive representation learning, called weight-aware supervised momentum contrast (WeightSupMoCo). WeightSupMoCo aims to make feature representations of facial images closer in similarity of patient weight when the pre- and post-dialysis labels are the same. Experimental results show that our pre-training approach improves the accuracy of pre- and post-dialysis classification by 15.1% and reduces the mean absolute error of weight prediction by 0.243 kg compared with training from scratch. The proposed method accurately estimate the degree of edema from facial images; our edema estimation system could thus be beneficial to dialysis patients.
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4,442
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Please write an abstract with title: If It’s Not Secure, It Should Not Compile: Preventing DOM-Based XSS in Large-Scale Web Development with API Hardening, and key words: Cross-site scripting, Writing, Encoding, Software, Security, Software engineering, Testing. Abstract: With tons of efforts spent on its mitigation, Cross-site scripting (XSS) remains one of the most prevalent security threats on the internet. Decades of exploitation and remediation demonstrated that code inspection and testing alone does not eliminate XSS vulnerabilities in complex web applications with a high degree of confidence. This paper introduces Google's secure-by-design engineering paradigm that effectively prevents DOM-based XSS vulnerabilities in large-scale web development. Our approach, named API hardening, enforces a series of company-wide secure coding practices. We provide a set of secure APIs to replace native DOM APIs that are prone to XSS vulnerabilities. Through a combination of type contracts and appropriate validation and escaping, the secure APIs ensure that applications based thereon are free of XSS vulnerabilities. We deploy a simple yet capable compile-time checker to guarantee that developers exclusively use our hardened APIs to interact with the DOM. We make various of efforts to scale this approach to tens of thousands of engineers without significant productivity impact. By offering rigorous tooling and consultant support, we help developers adopt the secure coding practices as seamlessly as possible. We present empirical results showing how API hardening has helped reduce the occurrences of XSS vulnerabilities in Google's enormous code base over the course of two-year deployment.
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4,443
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Please write an abstract with title: Entropy-based indexing term for N-gram text search system, and key words: Indexing, Entropy, Search engines, Degradation, Databases, Displays. Abstract: N-gram indexing method is an algorithm for the full text search system where each index consists of serial N words or characters. While the system for Japanese text has the 2-gram characters index as base in order to save the volumes of the index file, the additional higher-gram index is expected to improve the performance. This paper presents the entropy-based method for selecting additional higher-gram index. The basic idea comes from the fact that the Katakana words (they have often the same prefix such as "in-" and "ex-" in English) are suitable for the incremental index.
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4,444
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Please write an abstract with title: Weight-convergence analysis of adaptive antenna arrays based on SMI algorithm, and key words: Adaptive arrays, Algorithm design and analysis, Antenna arrays, Signal processing algorithms, Convergence, Multiaccess communication, Signal to noise ratio, Wireless communication, Mobile communication, Array signal processing. Abstract: Weight-convergence analysis of adaptive antenna arrays based on the sample matrix inversion (SMI) algorithm is presented. First, we derive a required number of samples for weight computation to achieve an output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio -10 log/sub 10/ r dB (r /spl les/ 1) below an optimum value. Next, we evaluate weight convergence of code-division multiple-access adaptive antenna arrays based on the SMI algorithm, where two types of weight computational methods are compared between "chip-level computation" and "symbol-level computation". Analytical and simulation results reveal that "chip-level computation", before despreading process, enables faster convergence than "symbol-level computation", after the despreading process.
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4,445
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Please write an abstract with title: Error-resilient first-order multiplexed source codes: performance bounds, design and decoding algorithms, and key words: Algorithm design and analysis, Decoding, Redundancy, Error analysis, Error correction codes, Resilience, Entropy, Data compression, Associate members, Probability. Abstract: This paper describes a new family of error-resilient variable-length source codes (VLCs). The codes introduced can be regarded as generalizations of the multiplexed codes described by Je/spl acute/gou and Guillemot. They allow to exploit first-order source statistics while, at the same time, being resilient to transmission errors. The design principle consists of creating a codebook of fixed-length codewords (FLCs) for high-priority information and in using the inherent codebook redundancy to describe low-priority information. The FLC codebook is partitioned into equivalence classes according to the conditional probabilities of the high-priority source. The error propagation phenomenon, which may result from the memory of the source coder, is controlled by choosing appropriate codebook partitions and index assignment strategies. In particular, a context-dependent index assignment strategy, called crossed-index assignment, is described. For the symbol error rate criterion, the approach turns out to maximize the cardinality of a set of codewords, called the code kernel, offering synchronization properties. The decoder resynchronization capability is shown to be further increased by periodic use of memoryless multiplexed codes. Theoretical and practical performances in terms of compression efficiency and error resilience are analyzed.
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4,446
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Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Sheet Width and Silicon Height in 3D Stacked Nanosheet GAA Transistor Technology, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Power demand, Logic gates, FinFETs, Silicon, Inverters, Nanoscale devices. Abstract: Silicon height, width, and number of 3D stacked nanosheet layers are optimized in this paper to achieve lower power consumption, enhanced integration density, and higher performance with gate all-around (GAA) 3D stacked nanosheet transistors. Electrical characteristics of vertically stacked nanosheet transistors are compared with FinFETs under equal silicon area and ON current constraints. Assuming a tight vertical silicon sheet pitch of 5nm, test circuits with the vertically stacked nanowires provide comparable speed with active mode energy consumption, silicon area, and idle mode leakage power consumption savings of up to 40.24%, 21.81%, and 63.58%, respectively, as compared to FinFETs in a 5nm CMOS technology.
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4,447
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Please write an abstract with title: Growth of InN and InGaN on Si substrate for solar cell applications, and key words: Photovoltaic cells, Substrates, Semiconductor films, Optical films, Crystallization, Photonic band gap, Semiconductor materials, Photoluminescence, Radio frequency, X-ray diffraction. Abstract: In this paper InN and InGaN films were grown on Si substrates by RF-MBE. Single crystalline InN films were realized on Si by performing brief substrate nitridation for 3 min. The substrate was effective for the growth of InGaN. The peak in PL spectra at 77K for all InN films appeared at only approximately 0.8 eV. We obtained rectifying characteristics in n-InN/P-Si heterostructure. Thus, the possibility as new harmless solar cell application of nitride semiconductors was experimentally demonstrated for the first time.
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4,448
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Please write an abstract with title: Integrated solar cell array antenna for satellite and terrestrial communications, and key words: Photovoltaic cells, Antenna arrays, Satellite antennas, Artificial satellites, Coplanar waveguides, Building integrated photovoltaics, Photovoltaic systems, Solar power generation, Planar arrays, Gallium arsenide. Abstract: This paper describes a feasibility study of integrating photovoltaic solar cells in planar antenna structure. The approach for the solar array development is based on monolithic interconnected module (MIM) and GaAs technologies, which is structurally more compact and has higher efficiency compared to Si solar array based on hybrid approaches. To facilitate integration and provide maximum real estate for the solar array, miniaturized patch antennas with coplanar waveguide (CPW)/slotline feed were employed. In the paper, the design of a 2times2 array, the main feature of the proposed approach and experimental results would be presented and discussed
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4,449
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Please write an abstract with title: Routing in IoT Network using CupCarbon Simulator, and key words: Routing, Sensors, Hospitals, Internet of Things, Accidents, Routing protocols, Wireless sensor networks. Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) is a future of coming generation due to real-time communication and decision-making capabilities of sensors integrated into everyday objects. IoT is capturing its domain in almost every field from healthcare to education. Routing plays an important role in IoT, as sensors are mobile in nature and these mobile sensors capture and communicate the data. Thus there is a need for analyzing and developing routing protocols in IoT networks too. In this work, we studied the routing scheme developed so far and analyzed them using CupCarbon simulator.
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4,450
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Please write an abstract with title: The Impact and Measurement of Today’s Learning Technologies in Teaching Software Engineering Course Using Design-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning, and key words: Education, Sustainable development, Industries, Tutorials, Teamwork, Software engineering, Pandemics. Abstract: Contribution: This article demonstrates the impact of today’s Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in teaching software engineering (SE) course with design-based learning (DBL) and project-based learning (PBL). The results show a positive influence of integration of DBL and PBL in reducing industry gaps with improved student performance, engagement, and learning through designed PBL activities. Background: For an engineering graduate analysis, design, thinking, and validation of complex systems interactions is a desirable skill to support sustainability goals. A restructuring in delivery of the course through interactive lecture time and more project-based activities can improve students’ engagement, performance, and overall achievement in attaining desirable program learning outcomes (LOs). Intended Outcome: The objective is to provide student learning with an experience on how to apply critical thinking and creativity to specify, design, and validate software systems by focusing on challenges faced in the software industry. Application Design: Google classroom was used to conduct interactive class and tutorial sessions, design various PBL activities, exchange information, and work in teams. Throughout the semester, all learning and practice modules of the course were linked sequentially with intermediate milestones. Findings: The results show a positive outcome in helping students in attaining the knowledge, and understanding of both theoretical and practical concepts. These findings are based on academic results, PBL activities, and two anonymous surveys. The findings of statistical analysis suggest a positive influence of DBL and PBL in SE course to meet industry challenges, expectations, and overall course and program LOs.
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4,451
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Please write an abstract with title: Simulation and Analysis of Spring Based Transverse Axis Sensing MEMS Capacitive Accelerometer, and key words: Springs, Accelerometers, Resonant frequency, Force, Capacitance, Mathematical model, Fingers. Abstract: This paper presents the development of spring supported based single-axis MEMS capacitive accelerometer. The accelerometer is based on the transverse axis capacitance sensing, and the study has been carried out to determine the effects on the structure resonance frequency, proof mass displacements, and change is capacitance if the number of spring fold increases. COMSOL (version 5.1) multiphysics software, the MEMS capacitive accelerometer is designed to approximate its dynamic characteristics and is simulated in the finite element domain. Basically, the detection of displacement, acceleration, and acceleration producing force is done by the help of an extremely tinny micro meter device attached with comb structures.
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4,452
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Please write an abstract with title: A 17.3-20.3 GHz Doherty Power Amplifier with 14W Saturated Output Power and 28% PAE at 6dB OPBO in 150nm GaN Technology, and key words: Temperature measurement, Power measurement, Transmitters, Silicon carbide, Space technology, Power amplifiers, Logic gates. Abstract: This paper describes the design and characterization of a 14W Ka-band three-stage GaN Doherty power amplifier. The MMIC, developed on 0.15μm gate length space evaluated GaN technology on SiC substrate, is the final stage of a downlink satellite transmitter in the 17.3-20.3 GHz frequency band. Large signal measurements exhibited saturated output power of 41.5dBm with power added efficiency of 32% and 28% at 3dB and 6dB of output power back-off, respectively. To the author's knowledge, this represents the highest output power in the frequency range for a Doherty amplifier while with minimum degradation of efficiency at 3 and 6 dB of OPBO.
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4,453
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Please write an abstract with title: Mobile Application for Student Handbook Based on the Android Operating System, and key words: Operating systems, Software, Mobile applications, History, Smart phones, Standards, Guidelines. Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of the mobile student handbook for the Department of Computer and Communications Engineering (DCCE), Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU). The book was aimed at providing students with specific information for the curriculum of the department that indicates their structures as given by the Minimum Academic Standard of the National Universities Commission (NUC-MAS) Nigeria. It provides information on the brief history of the department, entry requirement, grading system, graduation requirements among many. The Conventional student handbook is a hard copy that is not easy to carry alone all the time, hard to manage, prone to damage, and easy to being misplaced. To address this setback, a software application of a student handbook is developed using Android SDK. This will help to provide an easy-to-use, interactive, and portable means for simple access to the department’s curriculum structure that will assist students during their academic pursuits. The user evaluation process was employed to validate the application, this involved installations of the application to the mobile phone of 100 students and 20 staff. Results were recorded and shown in both graphs and tabular format. This application provides basic features of the DCCE’s curriculum like the courses and their pre-requisites for all levels, grading system, degree nomenclature, graduation requirements, and examination guidelines, etc. Moreover, it is an all-in-one offline mobile application that was meant to resolve basic issues. In the future, the link to the university website should be incorporated for further access to information.
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4,454
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Please write an abstract with title: Parameter drift in LMS adaptive filters, and key words: Least squares approximation, Adaptive filters, Parameter estimation, H infinity control, Functional analysis, Information analysis, Information filtering, Information filters, Stability, Stochastic processes. Abstract: We examine general conditions under which the LMS adaptive filter generates unbounded parameter estimates when driven by bounded sequences. This unexpected parameter divergence, or drift, is related to the inadequacy of excitation in the input sequence and is characterized by slow (i.e., nonexponential) escape of the parameter estimate vector to infinity in spite of all other signals (inputs, outputs, prediction errors) remaining bounded or even decaying to zero. The analysis proceeds by showing that, in a general adaptive filtering setting, the sequence of regressors (information vectors) provides a natural decomposition of the parameter estimate space into subspaces, each corresponding to a characteristic class of filter excitation. This subspace decomposition is applied to the LMS adaptive filter, yielding direct links between filter behavior and modes of excitation. In particular, stability and instability of the parameter estimates in the presence of bounded disturbances and prediction errors is obtained for various classes of excitation. This behavior is examined in detail for the first-and second-order cases, and is sufficient to characterize the behavior of higher order adaptive filters. The instability (drift) results are due to modes of "decaying" excitation, and bounds on the rates of drift are derived. This drift mechanism is inherent in the algorithm and is not due to numerical implementation problems or violation of small step-size conditions. Examples are presented where drift may occur in restricted complexity filtering and in the related stochastic gradient algorithm. An analysis of leakage in terms of input excitation reveals a tradeoff in performance between parameter and prediction errors. A modified form of leakage, using the subspace decomposition, is suggested to remove this difficulty.
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4,455
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Please write an abstract with title: Logistics Management in an IoT World, and key words: Sensors, Temperature sensors, Supply chains, Monitoring, Temperature measurement, Object recognition, Industrial Internet of Things. Abstract: In the new era of the Internet of Things (IoT), everything will be connected with everything. Data will be the predominant assets in the supply chains of the future with various hardware and software solutions available. Smart devices (“Things”) everywhere will collect, transmit, and receive data that will then be based on real‐time analytics and smart decision making, leading to better goal attainment. What does this mean for logistics in managing and designing supply chains? How will logistics look like in an IoT world? This chapter will discuss from an industrial point of view what is behind IoT and how this affects the management of material flows and information flows in supply chains. What needs to be considered in getting connected to the IoT, which ways can be used to get better decisions for logistics management, and what needs to be done to be prepared for logistics in an IoT world will be shown. It concludes that logistics in an IoT world will require the management of new IoT ecosystem setups with new actors and new skill requirements.
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4,456
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Please write an abstract with title: Strategic Sourcing – Selection of Suppliers Using DELPHI-AHP Approach, and key words: Manufacturing industries, Costs, Conferences, Companies, Industrial engineering, Manufacturing, Sustainable development. Abstract: The global competitive environment has forced organizations to devise sourcing strategies towards competitive advantage. Vendor selection is critical as the whole organization's sustainability is at stake. This research reviews the existing supplier selection factors and techniques and evaluates their relevancy with the current prevalent business environment. The study also explores the priority of the existing factors and strives for newer prevalent critical factors. A questionnaire-based survey of manufacturing firms was administered to get the critical factors. The study used a hybrid model based on DELPHI-AHP for extracting and assigning weightage to each critical criterion. The result is validated through a case study on a manufacturing firm (M/s DBC Ltd). The study gives an inclusive vision into the criteria and methods for supplier selection and evaluation and to assist decision-makers, select the right suppliers.
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4,457
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Please write an abstract with title: 2D photonic crystals based on alumina: new methods for formation, and key words: Photonic crystals, Gratings, Periodic structures, Interference, Materials science and technology, Infrared spectra, Aluminum oxide, Lattices, Lithography, Photonic band gap. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. We present methods developed to form two-dimensional photonic crystals for the visible and near IR spectra. Based on aluminium oxide, the photonic crystals comprise column-like periodic structures of triangular lattice configuration. For a perfect structure, two trends of growth - self-ordered and artificially guided - have to be kept. We propose two prepatterning techniques: (i) using an optical grating, where the relief of the grating is transferred to the surface of aluminium; (ii) interference lithography, a very promising technique. For the second case, the superpositioning of beams with interference patterns of a desired configuration, including flexible change of periodicity, are the main advantages against the grating imprint. The point-like initiation on the aluminium substrate that matches strictly the place of each void, together with successfully adjusted conditions of anodisation, defines the perfect structure. From optical characterisation and calculation, the existence of a photonic band gap in the visible has been confirmed.
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4,458
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Please write an abstract with title: XML technology planning database: lessons learned, and key words: XML, Technology planning, Databases, Space technology, Dictionaries, Taxonomy, Testing, Libraries, Investments, Portfolios. Abstract: A hierarchical extensible markup language (XML) database called XCALIBR (XML capability analysis library) has been developed by the new millennium program to assist in technology return on investment (ROI) analysis and technology portfolio optimization. The database contains mission requirements and technology capabilities, which are related by use of an XML dictionary. The XML dictionary codifies a standardized taxonomy for space missions, systems, subsystems and technologies. In addition to being used for ROI analysis, the database is being examined for use in project planning, tracking and documentation. During the past year, the database has moved from development into alpha testing. This paper describes the lessons learned during construction and testing of the prototype database and the motivation for moving from an XML taxonomy to a standard XML-based ontology.
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4,459
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Please write an abstract with title: Rapid Glacier-Ocean Interaction Observed by Terrestrial Radar Interferometry, and key words: Geometry, Satellites, Spaceborne radar, Soft sensors, Ice, Global warming, Radar interferometry. Abstract: Polar glaciers are changing rapidly under the background of global warming and usually calve when interacting with surrounding oceans. These glaciers are widely detected by satellite remote sensing. However, the time resolution of satellite remote sensing is usually several days, which is inadequate to reveal the rapid change and calving process of polar glaciers. To detect the rapid response of polar glaciers, especially glacier front on various oceanic forcing, such as ocean tide, Terrestrial Radar Interferometry (TRI) has been introduced to detect the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), glacier velocity change and some more complicating glacier-ocean interaction processes. Here we show some typical applications of the TRI in glacier-ocean interaction study, which contributes to better understanding how ocean affecting glacier changes. TRI observation can enrich data source for glacier change study and will provide fundamental validation data for computer modeling to better understand the different mechanism of glacier-ocean interaction.
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4,460
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Please write an abstract with title: Estimating the location of plugs in molten-salt pipes, and key words: Fluids, Thermal sensors, Maintenance engineering, Power generation, Thermal energy, Plugs, Testing. Abstract: Electric mobility will be just as meaningful and effective as the origin of the electricity these vehicles run on. Their effect on pollution and greenhouse gases reduction will not be such unless power plants are mostly based on renewable resources. Thermal power plants are a good solution to produce clean electric energy and contribute to the overall solution. In order for this to be so, it is necessary to guarantee that this type of plants operates smoothly and that the possible problems they may have can be solved. This paper deals with one of these problems: finding the plugs that may form in the pipes carrying the molten salt of the thermal energy storage system. Designing a sensor that can easily estimate the location of these plugs will contribute to reducing the number of hours a thermal power plant must be idle due to reparations.
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4,461
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Please write an abstract with title: Using machine learning for cognitive Robotic Process Automation (RPA), and key words: Machine learning, Task analysis, Training, Neural networks, Tools, Automation, Software. Abstract: There are many business routine tasks and processes which are performed by qualified resources which can be reallocated, allowing qualified workers to dedicate their effort to other fields/tasks with more relevance. With Robotic Process Automation (RPA), repetitive tasks, even complex computer routine processes, can be automated and improved, independently of the interface or menu location.This paper proposes an RPA application, which in real-time, dynamically detects objects in software applications interface, allowing flexibility, performance, and accuracy regardless of the OS, location of interface tools, and necessary menus to reach it. For this purpose, a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) is trained with several interfaces and menus and used to classify software interfaces in real-time. Furthermore, a developed software takes automated actions, moving the mouse pointer, clicking, editing text, and performing any necessary action. Results show that the proposed RPA technique based on deep learning is capable of detecting objects in real-time, classify them, with outstanding accuracy, and take dynamic actions. This way, it is possible to automate any computer task.
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Please write an abstract with title: Accelerating Multiprocessor Simulation with a Memory Timestamp Record, and key words: Acceleration, Microarchitecture, Computational modeling, Sampling methods, Multiprocessing systems, Checkpointing, Predictive models, Computer science, Artificial intelligence, Laboratories. Abstract: We introduce a fast and accurate technique for initializing the directory and cache state of a multiprocessor system based on a novel software structure called the memory timestamp record (MTR). The MTR is a versatile, compressed snapshot of memory reference patterns which can be rapidly updated during fast-forwarded simulation, or stored as part of a checkpoint. We evaluate MTR using a full-system simulation of a directory-based cache-coherent multiprocessor running a range of multithreaded workloads. Both MTR and a multiprocessor version of functional fast-forwarding (FFW) make similar performance estimates, usually within 15% of our detailed model. In addition to other benefits, we show that MTR has up to a 1.45x speedup over FFW, and a 7.7x speedup over our detailed baseline
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4,463
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Please write an abstract with title: Finite element-particle method calculation of EHD plumes, and key words: Finite element methods, Blades, Electric potential, Finite difference methods, Equations, Electrohydrodynamics, Electrodes, Dielectric liquids, Electrostatics, Geometry. Abstract: We use the superparticle technique mixed with finite element methods to study the transient and stationary behavior of EHD flows. Calculations show that the technique is suitable to study EHD flows. We have been able to reproduce fairly well the particle distribution and flow pattern for both transient and steady EHD plumes.
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4,464
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Please write an abstract with title: Non-Technical Power Loss Reduction and Transients Stability: Optimal Placement of Reclosers, and key words: Costs, Substations, Power supplies, Power distribution, Power system stability, Stability analysis, Resource management. Abstract: Rarely do power distribution system, nowadays operates without a novel protection device to manage transients caused by electricity theft. Reliability requirements had been previously the subject, considered by researchers using reclosers to manage transients. However, Non-technical power loss and its cost reduction has not been sufficiently addressed to enhance high quality power supply. Consequently, consumers have always paid more on system losses. To safeguard on this menace, optimal reclosing, ENS.COST, firefly algorithm based has been discussed in this work. The results and analysis of proposed method had a forty three percent (43%) cost reduction on energy not served (ENS) during transient. Radial distribution system employed to analyze this can be replaced by a closed network for further work together with another novel optimization method other than Firefly algorithm for validation.
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4,465
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Please write an abstract with title: Velocity Measurement of Blast Furnace Molten Iron Based on Mixed Morphological Features of Boundary Pixel Sets, and key words: Iron, Feature extraction, Velocity measurement, Trajectory, Blast furnaces, Surface morphology, Image edge detection. Abstract: Accurately measuring the molten iron velocity at the taphole of a blast furnace is of great significance for stable operation and high-efficiency production. However, molten iron surface with sparse texture and uneven distribution of dust will affect the measurement accuracy of vision-based methods. To address these issues, a method for measuring the molten iron velocity based on the mixed morphological features of molten iron boundary is proposed. First, a detection method is developed for determining the molten iron boundary pixel sets based on the proposed modified Hough transform (HT). Then, the mixed morphological features of the molten iron boundary closely related to the velocity are extracted. Finally, the mixed morphological features are used to build an estimation model for realizing the measurement of the molten iron velocity. Industrial experiments illustrate that the proposed method can robustly and accurately measure the molten iron velocity under the interference of dust.
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4,466
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Please write an abstract with title: On Tikhonov regularization for image reconstruction in parallel MRI, and key words: Image reconstruction, Magnetic resonance imaging, Radio access networks, Data acquisition, Acceleration, Image sampling, Equations, Uncertainty, Least squares methods, Covariance matrix. Abstract: Parallel imaging using multiple receiver coils has emerged as an effective tool to reduce imaging time in various MRI applications. When a large number of receiver channels are used to achieve large acceleration factors, the image reconstruction problem can become very ill conditioned. This problem can be alleviated by optimizing the geometry of the coils or by mathematical regularization. Among the regularization methods, the Tikhonov scheme is most popular because of rough Gaussianity of the data noise, the easiness to incorporate prior information, as well as the existence of a closed-form solution. A central issue in implementing the Tikhonov scheme is the choice of the regularization parameter and the regularization image, which is addressed systematically in this paper. A new algorithm is also proposed for generating the regularization image and selecting the regularization parameter. Experimental results will be shown to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm.
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4,467
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Please write an abstract with title: LR-SVM+: Learning Using Privileged Information with Noisy Labels, and key words: Noise measurement, Support vector machines, Training, Optimization, Robustness, Linear programming, Task analysis. Abstract: The paradigm of Learning Using Privileged Information (LUPI) always assumes that labels are annotated precisely. However, in practice, this assumption may be violated, as the labels may be heavily noisy, which inevitably degenerates the performance of learning algorithms in the LUPI paradigm. To handle the side effect of noisy labels, we propose a novel Label Noise Robust SVM+ (LR-SVM+) algorithm. Specifically, as the privileged information contains rich information of the latent labels, we first utilize it to infer underlying clean labels. Then we use the inference to modify the noisy labels. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the necessity of studying label noise robust SVM+ and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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4,468
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Please write an abstract with title: Emulation of Loss Free Resistor for Single-Stage Three-Phase PFC Converter in Electric Vehicle Charging Application, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Voltage control, Power system harmonics, Standards, Inductors, Topology, Resistors. Abstract: In this article, the modular three-phase ac-dc converter using single-phase isolated Ćuk rectifier modules for charging of electric vehicles is discussed. The converters are designed and analyzed for the continuous conduction mode (CCM). This article is based on a new concept of adaptive sliding-mode-based loss-free resistor (ASLFR). ASLFR is a control scheme, which allows dual aim of power factor correction along with tight voltage regulation; hence, the adopted topology serves as a fitting single-stage solution for balanced three-phase systems. Complete theory is developed for the application, and the effectiveness of the scheme is well-established. Various studies to confirm the robustness of the system to any load and line variation are carried out. Moreover, a qualitative analysis is also made to show the expediency of the proposed ASLFR. Simulation as well as experimental studies are claimed theoretically.
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4,469
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Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Coding of Pictorial Data, and key words: Transform coding, Image coding, Pulse modulation, Modulation coding, Signal to noise ratio, Bit rate, Contracts, Visual effects, Performance evaluation, Measurement standards. Abstract: Two hybrid coding systems utilizing a cascade of a unitary transformation and differential pulse code modulators (DPCM) systems are proposed. Both systems encode the transformed data by a bank of DPCM systems. The first system uses a one-dimensional transform of the data where the second one employs two-dimensional transformations. Theoretical results for Markov data and experimental results for a typical picture are presented for Hadamard, Fourier, cosine, slant, and the KarhunenLoeve transformations. The visual effects of channel error and also the impact of noisy channel on the performance of the hybrid system, measured in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio of the encoder, is examined and the performance of this system is compared to the performances of the two-dimensional DPCM and the standard two-dimensional transform encoders.
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4,470
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Please write an abstract with title: Advances in Hyperthermia Technology, and key words: Hyperthermia, Tumors, Temperature, Neoplasms, Cancer, Infrared heating, Probes, Radio frequency, Biomedical engineering, Ultrasonic imaging. Abstract: Hyperthermia is a type of cancer treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures. Research has shown that high temperatures can damage and kill cancer cells, usually with minimal injury to normal tissues. In the clinical application of hyperthermia, three methods can be distinguished: local, regional and whole-body hyperthermia. Hyperthermia is under study in clinical trials and is not widely available. So further technological improvements will need to contribute to an easier and better controlled adequate application of hyperthermia
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4,471
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Please write an abstract with title: Trapping and 3-D Manipulation of Magnetic Microparticles Using Parametric Excitation, and key words: Magnetic particles, Particle measurements, Atmospheric measurements, Substrates, Structural beams, Micromagnetics, Force. Abstract: We report trapping and manipulation of permanent magnet microparticles in three dimensions (3-D) by employing a micro-ring actuator to parametrically excite the particles. The actuator is combined with a force sensor to infer the position of a trapped particle along the axis of the ring. We demonstrate experimental results of both trapping and position measurement. The trapped particle has been moved under occluding features and in a variety of trajectories and found to track the center of the micro-ring in all cases. The particle is shown to obey Hill's equation with damping, and the regions of stability in the parameter space of the equation are numerically investigated.
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4,472
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Please write an abstract with title: HVDC interconnections in the Mediterranean Basin, and key words: HVDC transmission, Pipelines, Petroleum, Underwater cables, Natural gas, Power generation economics, Intelligent networks, Electricity supply industry, Fuel economy, Power cables. Abstract: Up to now, the African countries in the southern shore of the Mediterranean Sea exported large quantities of natural gas and crude oil to the European northern shores. Nowadays, issues of security of supply, integration of the electricity markets, economic co-operation among countries are also driving attention to the "electricity" option to export energy from the South to the North of the Mediterranean. In the last years, especially Algeria, Spain and Italy analyzed the feasibility of interconnection by means of underwater cables. In this paper we describe the main characteristics of some HVDC interconnection projects, whose feasibility studies were performed by CESI: the interconnection Algeria - Spain, the cable connecting Sardinia and Peninsular Italy (SAPEI) and the interconnection Algeria - Italy
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4,473
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Please write an abstract with title: ACA-CSU: A Carry Selection Based Accuracy Configurable Approximate Adder Design, and key words: Adders, Delays, Erbium, Error analysis, Probability, Generators, Mathematical model. Abstract: Approximate arithmetic circuits can be more effective if their accuracy can be controlled. In this paper, we propose a carry selection based accuracy configurable approximate adder. In the proposed design, longer carry chains provide better accuracy and CSU (Carry Select Unit) gives it better delay properties. The proposed design is generic so that multiple accuracy levels are possible at design time. Our experiments show that our design is considerably more accurate than the already proposed state of the art approximate adders. The latency of the proposed adder is also better than the state of the art adders.
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4,474
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Please write an abstract with title: EEG Source Imaging using GANs with Deep Image Prior, and key words: Training, Location awareness, Deep learning, Signal processing algorithms, Brain modeling, Electroencephalography, Numerical models. Abstract: Brain source localization from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is an challenging problem for noninvasively localizing the brain activity. Conventional methods use handcrafted regularization terms based on neural-physiological assumptions by exploiting the spatial-temporal structure on the source signals. In recent years, deep learning frameworks have demonstrated superior performance for solving the inverse problems in the natural and medical imaging field. This study proposes a novel unsupervised learning training-free framework based on Generative Adversarial Networks and deep image prior (GANs-DIP) as a generative model simulating spatially structured source signal. The proposed framework can faithfully recover extended source patches activation patterns of the brain in an unsupervised manner. Numerical experiments on a realistic brain model are performed under different levels of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The proposed model shows satisfactory performance in recovering the underlying source activation.
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4,475
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Please write an abstract with title: Detection of THz electromagnetic radiation with Si/SiGe HFET, and key words: Radiation detectors, Silicon radiation detectors, Electromagnetic radiation, Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, HEMTs, MODFETs, Plasma measurements, Signal detection, Plasma devices. Abstract: We report an investigation on THz signal detection using plasma instabilities in two-dimensional electron gas of a tensile strained silicon quantum well of Si/SiGe hetero-FET. It is, to our knowledge, the first measurements of THz nonlinear behaviour in such silicon-based devices. We discuss the key parameters which are controlling detection and oscillation in THz range. It appears that strained channel Si-based devices are well suited for such applications.
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4,476
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Please write an abstract with title: Study on Uniform Electric Field Air Streamer at Low Temperature and Subatmospheric Pressure, and key words: Discharges (electric), Atmospheric modeling, Streaming media, Mathematical models, Plasma temperature, High-temperature superconductors, Ionization. Abstract: In this article, an air discharge experimental platform is built and an air streamer discharge simulation model is constructed. The uniform electric field air streamer discharge at low temperature and subatmospheric pressure is studied. The result shows that the distributions of electron density, positive ion density, electric field, space charge density, and photoionization rate are basically consistent with those under standard conditions. The captured discharge shape is basically consistent with the simulation results, but the simulated propagation velocity is slightly higher than the actual propagation velocity. The streamer radius is positively correlated with the streamer propagation velocity and negatively correlated with the space charge density. The trend of the actual current waveform is basically consistent with the simulation current waveform, but the actual current peak is slightly smaller than the simulation current peak.
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4,477
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Please write an abstract with title: Magnetization loss characteristics in a stack of Bi-2223 tapes, and key words: Magnetization, Magnetic losses, Magnetic field measurement, Loss measurement, Superconducting cables, Stacking, Slabs, Superconducting devices, Superconducting films, Transformers. Abstract: The AC loss is an important issue in the design of high-T/sub c/ superconducting power devices such as transformers and cables. In these devices many Bi-2223 tapes are closely stacked together and exposed to alternating magnetic fields that can have different orientations with respect to a tape. In such arrangement the magnetization loss is influenced by the screening current induced in adjacent tapes and thus different from that in a single tape. This stacking effect was experimentally investigated by measuring the magnetization loss in a stack, which consists of a number of tapes. First the magnetization loss in the single tape was measured in order to confirm the reliability of the loss data measured in the stack. The results for the single tape coincide well with the loss characteristics described in other previous works. For the stack in parallel and longitudinal magnetic fields the measured loss is independent of both the number of tapes and stacking type. The longitudinal magnetization loss is well explained rather by the slab model for decoupled filaments. For the tall stack in perpendicular field the measured loss at low fields is greatly decreased, compared to the loss of the single tape. However the loss at high fields is unaffected. These loss behaviors in the tall stack are well described by the slab model for full coupling.
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4,478
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Please write an abstract with title: Operating Mode Analysis of a Modular Converter: Experimental Validation, and key words: Capacitors, Equalizers, Resistance, Shunts (electrical), Inductors, Topology, Voltage. Abstract: To balance dc voltage, a two-module structure based on a dc–dc three-level boost converter is utilized. In this article, the possible operating modes for a two-module converter in the steady state are introduced. These modes are performed according to different states of opening or closing of the switches. Total 16 possible operating modes and the operation of different switches in the circuit are shown. The circuits for each operating mode are drawn according to the switch command signals. The relationships governing the system are given in different modes. These equations include the currents through three output capacitors and the inductor voltages of each module. The system is simulated by MATLAB/Simulink. The waveforms of the system are presented in two cases for different operating points. The operating mode of this structure is validated using simulations and experimental results.
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4,479
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Please write an abstract with title: Utilization of Database Spatial Queries for Region of Interest Extraction in Stored Images, and key words: Tail, Relational databases, Gray-scale, Spatial databases, Software, Delays, Data mining. Abstract: Image processing, specifically extracting regions of interest, being a costly operation would benefit from a method of storing its output region and input image data in a database for future querying so as to prevent re-execution of the processing operation. This study investigates the performance of using built-in spatial queries found in a couple of modern Database systems to store and retrieve specific regions of image data. After testing two widely used Database software: MongoDB and Postgresql, results have shown that MongoDB performs better in terms of average and tail latency as well as efficiency in disk space consumption.
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4,480
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Please write an abstract with title: An improved multi-objective grey wolf optimization algorithm with dynamic chaos local search mechanism, and key words: Chaos, Heuristic algorithms, Conferences, Benchmark testing, Search problems, Information technology, Optimization. Abstract: In recently years, the multi-objective grey wolf optimization (MOGWO) has been widely accepted to solve problems in various engineering fields because its less required parameters and excellent optimal performance. However, similar to many intelligent optimization algorithms, the grey wolf optimization algorithm is easy to fall into local optimum. Due to the grey wolf algorithm is shortcomings, an improved multi-objective grey wolf optimization based on dynamic chaos local search mechanism (DC-MOGWO) is proposed. The proposed algorithm uses chaos local search strategy to improve the ability to jump out of local optimum. Furthermore, a dynamic adaptation strategy is used to improve the search efficiency and precision of the algorithm. The performance of DCL-MOGWO algorithm is compared with MOGWO and other bio-inspired techniques, the results show that its high performance in 6 well-known benchmark problems.
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4,481
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Feedforward Control of Robot Manipulator: A HIL Simulation Study, and key words: Robots, Feedforward systems, Trajectory, Solid modeling, Manipulator dynamics, Service robots, Torque. Abstract: The dynamic feedforward control aims to achieve fast tracking for robot manipulators based on the inverse dynamic model. It is essential to identify the model parameters with excitation trajectories. However, it is complex to test the dynamic feedforward control algorithm in physical devices. In this paper, a robot system based on Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) is presented to make a bridge between software simulation and hardware controller. It can be used for accelerating control algorithm verification. The HIL simulation results show that the feedforward control and proposed robot parameter identification are feasible to improve the robot tracking performance.
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4,482
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Please write an abstract with title: Low-Cost Attitude Estimation Using GPS/IMU Fusion Aided by Land Vehicle Model Constraints and Gravity-Based Angles, and key words: Global Positioning System, Gyroscopes, Observability, Estimation, Land vehicles, Sensors, Accelerometers. Abstract: This paper details a method to improve accuracy of the land vehicle attitude estimation. It employs the vehicle model constraints to enhance the integration of GPS and a low-cost MEMS inertial measurement unit (MIMU) (GPS/MIMU). To improve the yaw angle estimation, we propose a lateral velocity constraint (LVC) aided method based on the observability analysis for the integrated fusion system. The theoretical analysis indicates that the yaw angle will be directly observed if LVC is augmented into the GPS/MIMU fusion algorithm. Furthermore, for LVC/MIMU system without GPS, the roll angle is always well estimated regardless of whether the vehicle is moving or stationary, and, surprisingly, the pitch angle can also be relatively accurately estimated if the vehicle is moving. Thus, when GPS is unavailable, the LVC/MIMU fusion is proposed by replacing the GPS measurement with the virtual measurement LVC. It is an encouraging improvement since the accumulating errors induced by gyro bias can be suppressed using MIMU alone. Moreover, to overcome the shortage that the pitch angle is not observed if the vehicle is stationary, we propose to fuse the gyros with gravity-based angles by Kalman filtering if the vehicle is detected motionless based on a switching rule. The experimental results compare favorably to theoretical analysis, showing that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy for land vehicle attitude estimation.
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4,483
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamical order assignment in linear descriptor systems via state derivative feedback, and key words: State feedback, Vectors, Adaptive control, Matrix converters, Control systems, Manufacturing, Open loop systems, Equations. Abstract: In this paper, the dynamical order assignment problem for linear descriptor systems via state derivative feedback is studied. A new, direct and simple parametric approach is presented, which assigns via state derivative feedback any desired allowable dynamical order of the closed-loop system. A simple, general direct and complete parametric expression for all the feedback gains which assign the desired dynamical order of the closed-loop system is established. Based on this result, a general complete parameterization of all those feedback gains possessing the minimum Frobenius norm is further presented. The proposed approach is convenient to use and possesses good numerical reliability since it mainly involves singular value decompositions and inverses of positive definite diagonal matrices. The presented example shows these advantages and the simplicity of the proposed approach.
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4,484
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Please write an abstract with title: Freshness Classification of Hog Plum Fruit Using Deep Learning, and key words: Deep learning, Training, Performance evaluation, Adaptation models, Mobile handsets, Usability, Task analysis. Abstract: Automatic freshness classification of fruits and veg-etables is an active area of research in the modern era. In order to maintain and preserve the grade quality of the fruits, the need to speed up processing is in a great urge. The fruit Hog Plum is noted to have high demand in Indian subcontinents. In this work we have utilized deep learning based techniques for performing freshness classification on hog Plum fruit. In this work, four convolutional neural network based models viz. ResNet18, MobileNetV2, MobileNetV3-Small, MobileNetV3-Large is pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset which were fine-tuned to perform binary classification on Hog Plum dataset cre-ated by us. The dataset was augmented for training purpose and hyperparameter tuning was performed using grid search and k-fold cross validation. The results of the model are then evaluated and compared in terms of several metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, Fl-Score, ROC-AUC Score and balanced accuracy score. Our results demonstrate that deep learning based techniques are effective for performing freshness classification of Hog Plum fruit. The models trained by us are lightweight in nature, hence are suitable to run on low-end and mobile devices increasing the applicability and adaptability of our proposed method.
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4,485
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Please write an abstract with title: Spatiotemporal Memories for Missing Samples Reconstruction, and key words: Spatiotemporal phenomena, Markov processes, Neurons, Neural networks, Self-organizing feature maps, Interpolation, Time series analysis. Abstract: We develop a systematic theory to reconstruct missing samples in a time series using a spatiotemporal memory based on artificial neural networks. The Markov order of the input process is learned and subsequently used for learning temporal correlations from data difference sequences. We enforce the Lipschitz continuity criterion in our algorithm, leading to a regularized optimization framework for learning. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed using both theory and simulations. The efficacy of the technique is tested on synthetic and real life data sets. Our technique is analytic and uses nonlinear feedback within an optimization setup. Simulation results show that the algorithm presented in this article significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms for missing samples reconstruction with the same data set and similar training conditions.
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4,486
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Please write an abstract with title: A mini-review of machine learning in big data analytics: Applications, challenges, and prospects, and key words: Big Data, Machine learning, Task analysis, Support vector machines, Medical services, Market research, Hidden Markov models. Abstract: The availability of digital technology in the hands of every citizenry worldwide makes an available unprecedented massive amount of data. The capability to process these gigantic amounts of data in real-time with Big Data Analytics (BDA) tools and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms carries many paybacks. However, the high number of free BDA tools, platforms, and data mining tools makes it challenging to select the appropriate one for the right task. This paper presents a comprehensive mini-literature review of ML in BDA, using a keyword search; a total of 1512 published articles was identified. The articles were screened to 140 based on the study proposed novel taxonomy. The study outcome shows that deep neural networks (15%), support vector machines (15%), artificial neural networks (14%), decision trees (12%), and ensemble learning techniques (11%) are widely applied in BDA. The related applications fields, challenges, and most importantly the openings for future research, are detailed.
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4,487
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Please write an abstract with title: Induction motor current signature analysis to diagnostics, of stator short circuits, and key words: Induction motors, Circuit faults, Induction machines, Conductors, Mathematical model, Coils, Stator windings, Predictive models, Neural networks, Vectors. Abstract: The steady-state behaviour of an induction machine with a symmetric rotor cage and a faulty asymmetric stator is analyzed. The asymmetric machine is modeled by means of the space vector approach. The winding asymmetry is taken into account by considering each conductor of every single slot separately. Harmonic components of the permeance produced by the rotor slots are taken into account too. Harmonic slotting components of stator currents have been computed for different faulty machines affected by short circuits with different values of the dimensions of the rotor slots, different numbers of the rotor bars and different pole-pairs.
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4,488
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Please write an abstract with title: Virtual Synchronous Generator and SMC-Based Cascaded Control for Voltage-Source Grid-Supporting Inverters, and key words: Voltage control, Inverters, Synchronization, Control systems, Current control, Frequency control, Frequency synchronization. Abstract: The voltage-source grid-supporting inverters (GSIs) are important to establish and support the frequency and voltage of a microgrid (MG) in both islanded and grid-connected modes. Traditionally, a cascaded control strategy that includes an external droop-based control loop and an inner proportional-integral (PI)-based voltage and current control loop is adopted to control a GSI, which barely shows inertia and limited control performance. In this article, a novel cascaded control strategy is proposed for a GSI. In the external loop, a VSG-based control strategy is adopted to increase the frequency stability of the MG, and a novel synchronization control method that does not use a complex PLL unit is proposed to satisfy the plug-and-play requirements of a GSI. In the inner voltage and current control loop, this article proposes an SMC-based vector control strategy which uses the fixed switching frequency and inherits the robustness and fast response speed of the SMC control. Both simulation and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and improved performance of the proposed control strategy.
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4,489
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Please write an abstract with title: Easing program comprehension by sharing navigation data, and key words: Navigation, Costs, Data visualization, Usability, Documentation, Instruments, Programming profession, Fellows, Laboratories, Unified modeling language. Abstract: Large software projects often require a programmer to make changes to unfamiliar source code. This paper describes a set of tools, called Team Tracks, designed to ease program comprehension by showing the source code navigation patterns of fellow development team members. One technique shows a list of related items, given that the user is viewing a given method or class. Another technique shows the favorite classes, by showing a class hierarchy view that hides less frequently visited classes, methods, and members. Two user studies, a laboratory study and a field study, were run to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques. The results of the two studies demonstrate that sharing navigation data can improve program comprehension and is subjectively preferred by users.
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4,490
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Please write an abstract with title: A new predictive full-search block motion estimation, and key words: Motion estimation, Video sequences, Computational complexity, Testing, Video compression, Statistical distributions, Prediction algorithms, Redundancy, Video coding, Mean square error methods. Abstract: This work describes a novel and fast approach to full search block matching (FSBM) employing prediction of search region, based on the sampled statistics of sum-of-absolute difference (SAD) distributions. The motion vector is predicted to belong to either of two regions, representing long-motion and short-motion, with limited amount of overlap between the two. The proposed prediction is statistically validated with more than 98% successes for different video sequences. Experimental results reveal that the proposed predicted FSBM (PFSBM) algorithm saves up to 89% of computations, as compared to FSBM and the estimation accuracy is very close to that of FSBM. Its performance has been compared with three-step search (TSS) and FSBM for different standard video sequences.
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4,491
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Please write an abstract with title: Demonstration of all-optical packet demultiplexing using a multiwavelength mutual injection-locked laser diode, and key words: Diode lasers, Clocks, Optical transmitters, Optical receivers, Optical sensors, Stimulated emission, Optical feedback, Optical interferometry, Optical mixing, Semiconductor optical amplifiers. Abstract: All-optical packet demultiplexing is demonstrated using a multiwavelength mutual injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode. Error-free packet-demultiplexing of a 10 Gb/s signal with an extinction ratio of 16.9 dB is observed.
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4,492
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Please write an abstract with title: Split-based Feedback Network for Image Super-Resolution, and key words: Representation learning, Deep learning, Costs, Computational modeling, Superresolution, Redundancy, Task analysis. Abstract: Most existing image super-resolution (SR) methods has achieved superior performance. However, the contrastive learning, which commonly be used in high-level tasks, has not been fully exploited in existing deep learning based image SR methods. In this paper, we propose an image super-resolution network based feedback mechanism to learn abstract representations to explore high information in the representation space. Specifically, we first use the hidden states and constraints in RNN to achieve feedback network. Then, a contrastive learning is used to conduct representation learning by pulling the final SR image to the high resolution image and push the final image to intermediate images. In addition, we introduce a split based feedback block (SPFB) to reduce the redundancy of models for inference acceleration, where the tolerate features with similar patterns but require less computation. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods.
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4,493
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Please write an abstract with title: CSI-Based Location-Independent Human Activity Recognition Using Feature Fusion, and key words: Feature extraction, Semantics, Training, Data mining, Hidden Markov models, Target recognition, Wireless fidelity. Abstract: Channel state information (CSI)-based human activity recognition (HAR) has important application prospects, such as smart homes, medical monitoring, and public security. Due to the collected CSI data contains not only activity information but also activity-unrelated environmental information, the characteristics of the same activity conducted at different locations are different. The existing methods of collecting samples at a fixed location to train the HAR model can hardly work well at other locations, which limits the application prospect of CSI-based HAR. To deal with this challenge, we proposed an Attention-based feature Fusion ACTivity recognition system (AF-ACT). The proposed system extracts the semantic activity features and temporal features from different dimensions to better characterize the activity at different locations. The semantic activity features are extracted by the convolutional neural network (CNN) combined with the convolutional attention module (CBAM), and the temporal features are extracted by bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BGRU) combined with the self-attention mechanism. The semantic activity features and temporal features are fused through an attention-based feature fusion (A-Fusion) module to obtain complementary information, which will promote recognition accuracy. The proposed system is evaluated in an open environment with 12 activity training locations and ten arbitrary testing locations. The experimental results show that the system can reach the highest accuracy of 91.23% in different experimental conditions when recognizing eight categories of activities.
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4,494
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Please write an abstract with title: Development of Simulator to Recognize the Mood using Facial Emotion Detection, and key words: Training, Emotion recognition, Mood, Face recognition, Computational modeling, Detectors, Real-time systems. Abstract: Emotions make up a key feature of conduct in human beings which aids in communication. Non-verbal communication aids in deciphering verbal communication. Non-verbal communication includes body language, facial gestures, hand postures etc., out of which facial expressions give 55% effect of what is being communicated. Humans experience many emotions which have been classified into six main emotions i.e., Sadness, Happiness, Anger, Disgust, Fear, and Surprise. Humans have a spontaneous and innate ability to understand facial gestures and construe the emotion. The same activity proves to be a great challenge for computer systems. Analyzing the facial features and perceiving the emotions is difficult due to their inconsistency. Many fields are interested in detecting human emotions using systems. In this project, we are training the model on the FER 2013 dataset. The image of a person is captured in real-time and the percentage of emotions the person depicts is plotted using a bar graph.
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4,495
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Please write an abstract with title: Evolutionary Procedural Content Generation for an Endless Platform Game, and key words: Games, Genetic algorithms, Task analysis, Two dimensional displays, Statistics, Sociology, Genetics. Abstract: Making innovative, cohesive and appealing games has become inherently more difficult given the ever increasing competition in the digital games' market. Manually creating game content is expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, alternative approaches for game content creation are relevant for increasing the efficiency of the game development process. This is where procedural techniques step in. Even though they have been used by commercial games since the 1980s, it was only in recent years that this kind of approach has been given the righteous attention in the academic context. In this work, we propose a procedural content generation approach for creating infinite environments for a 2D platform runner game. The approach consists of a Genetic Algorithm that innovatively takes into account environment aesthetics as well as game's physics and rules in its fitness function. Therefore, the created environments should be pleasant and possible to be overcome by the player. An instantiation of the approach was developed using the Godot Game Engine. Time viability for in-game real-time generation and convergence to high/stable fitness values were experimentally evaluated. Our tests indicated parameter ranges that performed best in terms of environment quality and processing time were mutation rates between 0.5 % and 1 % aligned with a population ranging from 50 to 100 individuals. This approach is expandable to other games that have a tileman-based environments.
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4,496
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Please write an abstract with title: A Large Dimensional Study of Regularized Discriminant Analysis, and key words: Covariance matrices, Training, Convergence, Probability, Training data, Error analysis, Tools. Abstract: In this paper, we conduct a large dimensional study of regularized discriminant analysis classifiers with its two popular variants known as regularized LDA and regularized QDA. The analysis is based on the assumption that the data samples are drawn from a Gaussian mixture model with different means and covariances and relies on tools from random matrix theory (RMT). We consider the regime in which both the data dimension and training size within each class tends to infinity with fixed ratio. Under mild assumptions, we show that the probability of misclassification converges to a deterministic quantity that describes in closed form the performance of these classifiers in terms of the class statistics as well as the problem dimension. The result allows for a better understanding of the underlying classification algorithms in terms of their performances in practical large but finite dimensions. Further exploitation of the results permits to optimally tune the regularization parameter with the aim of minimizing the probability of misclassification. The analysis is validated with numerical results involving synthetic as well as real data from the USPS dataset yielding a high accuracy in predicting the performances and hence making an interesting connection between theory and practice.
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4,497
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Quantifiable Target Index System of Distribution Network Planning for Energy Internet, and key words: Indexes, Distribution networks, Reliability, Planning, Transformers, Voltage. Abstract: In order to improve the guidance and operability of the planning and construction of the distribution network, ensure the safe, reliable and stable operation of the distribution network, and enhance the sustainable development and comprehensive competitiveness of China’s power system. Taking the distribution network planning target indicators as the research object, combined with the characteristics of “energy internet”, this paper constructs a more objective and comprehensive distribution network planning target indicator system facing energy Internet from multiple dimensions. Firstly, the selection principle and application scope of the index system are determined. Secondly, for enterprises, users, equipment, load, benefits and other factors, a quantifiable distribution network planning target index system for energy Internet covering 50 indicators are constructed from the six dimensions of safety and reliability, clean and low-carbon, efficient interaction, ubiquitous interconnection, intelligent openness and economic benefits Finally, an example is given to verify the effectiveness and operability of the planning target index system.
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4,498
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Please write an abstract with title: A class of generalized lattice filters, and key words: Lattices, Transversal filters, Digital filters, Transfer functions, Speech processing, Delay estimation, Sampling methods, Frequency, Forward contracts, Laplace equations. Abstract: It is shown that the digital lattice filter utilized as a predictor in speech processing is a special case of a broad class of filters with identical properties in which the delay element is replaced by an arbitrary analog or digital all-pass filter. The performance of three filters in this class, the delay element and single-pole analog and digital all-pass sections, are compared for the special estimation application.
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4,499
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Please write an abstract with title: Estimating Spatial Gait Parameters from the Planar Covariation of Lower Limb Elevation Angles: a Pilot Study, and key words: Legged locomotion, Training, Biomechanics, Correlation, Neuromuscular, Exoskeletons, Thigh. Abstract: When characterizing human gait control strategies, theories based on the modularity of the neuromuscular system have been proven to be powerful in providing a compact description of the gait patterns. The planar covariation law of lower limb elevation angles has been proposed as a compact, modular description of gait kinematics. In this paper, we exploit this model for characterizing healthy subjects' spatial gait parameters during walking at different speeds, one self-selected and one slightly slower than the subject's comfortable pace. Different geometrical features have been calculated over the gait loop, that is the planar loop defined by the covariation of the thigh, shank and foot elevation angles. A correlation analysis has been carried out between these features and classical gait spatial parameters (step length, step width, stride length and foot clearance) by training a linear regressor on the dataset comprising both speeds. The results from this analysis have highlighted a correlation with some spatial gait parameters across the two speed conditions, indicating that this compact description of kinematics unravels a significant biomechanical meaning. These results can be exploited to guide the control mechanisms of external assistive devices, such as prostheses or exoskeletons, based purely on the measurement of few relevant kinematic quantities of the lower limb segments.
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