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Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack using an electronic equivalent circuit model, and key words: Mathematical model, Integrated circuit modeling, Protons, Hydrogen, Electronic circuits, Current density, Equivalent circuits. Abstract: This article describes the method to calculate the parameters of an electronic equivalent circuit model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. The model is based on that of Yu and Yuvarajan [1], but very little detail is given by them on how to calculate the component values of the circuit model based on the experimental data of a fuel cell or fuel cell stack. Here, a method will be established in which the performance data of small fuel cell stacks can be used to simulate the behaviour of much larger stacks under the same operating conditions. It is crucial to be able to simulate a fuel cell stack using an electronic circuit equivalent model when designing power converters for fuel cells, since the fuel cell stack can then be simulated together with a power converter or any other electronic circuitry, first, a mathematical model of a small, two-cell, proton exchange membrane fuel cell was calculated based on experimental data. This model was then adapted to describe the characteristics of a much larger, 100 W, fuel cell slack. Finally, the mathematical model was used to calculate the parameters for an electronic circuit model by establishing a clear relationship between the two models.
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4,901
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Please write an abstract with title: Transmission into staggered parallel-plate waveguides, and key words: Apertures, Electromagnetic waveguides, Lenses, Planar waveguides, Waveguide theory, Physical theory of diffraction, Geometry, Frequency, Electromagnetic forces, Laboratories. Abstract: The modal field transmitted into a staggered parallel-plate waveguide when illuminated by a line source is studied. To widen the limited applicability of existing ray methods, an aperture field integration (AFI) method is developed, in which the field in the waveguide aperture is first calculated by high-frequency techniques (uniform asymptotic theory (UAT) and spectral theory of diffraction (STD)) and then decomposed into modal fields via the Fourier analysis. For problems in which the exact Wiener-Hopf and/or the ray solutions are available, AFI gives excellent numerical results. New results are staggered waveguides which find application in the analysis of a waveguide lens.
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4,902
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Please write an abstract with title: Exact multisensor dynamic bias estimation with local tracks, and key words: State estimation, Sensor systems, Target tracking, Filters, Data engineering, Error correction, Sensor fusion, Yield estimation, Additive noise, Coordinate measuring machines. Abstract: An exact solution is provided for the multiple sensor bias estimation problem based on local tracks. It is shown that the sensor bias estimates can be obtained dynamically using the outputs of the local (biased) state estimators. This is accomplished by manipulating the local state estimates such that they yield pseudomeasurements of the sensor biases with additive noises that are zero-mean, white, and with easily calculated covariances. These results allow evaluation of the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on the covariance of the sensor bias estimates, i.e., a quantification of the available information about the sensor biases in any scenario. Monte Carlo simulations show that this method has significant improvement in performance with reduced rms errors of 70% compared with commonly used decoupled Kalman filter. Furthermore, the new method is shown to be statistically efficient, i.e., it meets the CRLB. The extension of the new technique for dynamically varying sensor biases is also presented.
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4,903
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Please write an abstract with title: Effect of dielectric properties on the peak 1-and 10-g SAR for 802.11 a/b/g frequencies 2.45 and 5.15 to 5.85 GHz, and key words: Electromagnetic propagation in absorbing media, Wireless LAN, Biological effects of electromagnetic radiation. Abstract: Compliance with 1- or 10-g specific absorption rate (SAR) safety guidelines is required in various countries for all newly-introduced personal wireless devices such as Wi-Fi PCs. Even though the dielectric properties of the human tissues are known to be nonuniform and highly variable, relatively rigid adherence to prescribed dielectric properties (/spl epsiv//sub r/,/spl sigma/) is required for compliance testing of such devices. Using some typical near-field radiators, we have examined the effect of dielectric properties for SAR measurement fluids with conductivities varying by 2:1 to show that both 1- and 10-g SARs vary by less than /spl plusmn/2%-4% for the 802.11a band 5.15 to 5.825 GHz and only slightly more at the lower 802.11 b/g frequency of 2.45 GHz. This is due to higher surface SAR but shallower depth of penetration of EM fields for the higher conductivity media resulting in nearly identical SARs for cubical volumes associated with 1- or 10-g of tissue, respectively. Also studied, is the effect of lower /spl epsiv//sub r/ fluids recommended in some standards which results in slightly higher and, thus, a conservative assessment of SAR.
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4,904
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Please write an abstract with title: Wideband and efficient wavelength conversion based on absorption modulation of a Fabry-Perot laser diode, and key words: Wideband, Absorption, Fabry-Perot, Diodes, Optical wavelength conversion, Frequency conversion, Optical pumping, Probes, Optical modulation, Tellurium. Abstract: An wideband and efficient wavelength conversion based on the absorption modulation of a Fabry-Perot laser diode is proposed. The experimental results show an 50 nm wavelength conversion range with more than 10 dB extinction ratios.
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4,905
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Please write an abstract with title: Super-resolution Terahertz Microscopy with Deterministic Artificial Fluorophores, and key words: Diffraction, Microscopy, Superresolution, Image reconstruction. Abstract: We develop a super-resolution terahertz imaging technique to improve the THz image resolution beyond the diffraction limit. Inspired by super-resolution techniques developed in the visible range, we design artificial fluorophores that blink deterministically to reconstruct images of higher resolution using as little as 8 frames.
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4,906
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Please write an abstract with title: Emoji Prediction using LSTM and Naive Bayes, and key words: Visualization, Social networking (online), Conferences, Predictive models, Natural language processing, IEEE Regions. Abstract: The emojis or emoticons are tiny graphics, generally used during texting through social media platforms. These express a combination of visuals and words simultaneously and provide a different method of interactions. Even after being used quite a significant number of times on social media, their meanings and importance haven't received enough focus and attention via the perspective of Natural Language Processing. In the described project, we perform the analysis of the relationship between emojis and English words and predict the respective emojis for some given text or tweet messages. We have performed multiple methods for word embedding, and our model trained on the Multinomial Naive Bayes and LSTMs. As per the conclusion of our project, the model has shown significant appropriate predictions of emojis on the tweets.
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4,907
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Please write an abstract with title: High-resolution Terahertz near-field reflection measurements for complementary non-destructive inspection of integrated circuits, and key words: Integrated circuits, Three-dimensional displays, Inspection, X-ray diffraction, Tools, Transceivers, X-ray imaging. Abstract: We present here Terahertz (THz) near-field imaging results providing important supplementary information for the detection of counterfeit electronic hardware. By using near-field transceiver microprobes we are able to perform depth-resolved measurements at packaged integrated circuits below the diffraction limits of conventional THz far-field tools and without the draw-backs of ionizing x-ray imaging. The applied reflection-mode can be used e.g. for the inspection of multi-layer structures, the localization of deviations from standard structures and the investigation of samples on THz opaque substrates. In this work we show as an example the detection of hidden discrepancies between externally identical ICs.
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4,908
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Please write an abstract with title: Source and Channel Coding for Quasi-Static Fading Channels, and key words: Channel coding, Fading, Bandwidth, Upper bound, Channel state information, Transmitters, Source coding, Broadcasting, Delay, Distortion measurement. Abstract: We consider transmission of a continuous amplitude source over a quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel. We analyze three different source and channel coding strategies in terms of overall expected distortion (ED). Our goal is to maximize the distortion exponent (Delta), which is the exponential decay rate of ED with increasing SNR. In each case, by adjusting the system parameters we find the best Delta as a function of the bandwidth expansion. We also find an upper bound for Delta and illustrate how this upper bound can be achieved for all bandwidth expansions even with reasonably simple strategies. Although we focus on a Gaussian source for brevity, we demonstrate that our results can be extended to more general source distributions
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4,909
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Please write an abstract with title: A novel dynamic memory cell with internal voltage gain, and key words: Diodes, Threshold voltage, Capacitance, Capacitors, Boosting, Dynamic voltage scaling, Circuit testing, MOS devices, Low voltage, Hardware. Abstract: A 2T1D dynamic memory cell with two transistors (T) and a gated diode (D) is presented. A gated diode is a two terminal MOS device in which charge is stored when a voltage above the threshold voltage is applied between the gate and the source, and negligible charge is stored otherwise. The gated diode acts as a nonlinear capacitance for voltage boosting, where voltage for 1-data is boosted high and voltage for 0-data stays low, achieving significant voltage gain of the internal stored voltage, higher signal margin, higher current drive and low-voltage memory operation. Details about the gated diode structure, its signal amplification, the memory cell circuits and the array structure, some hardware and test results are presented, followed by comparison to other memory cells and future directions.
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4,910
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Intruder Detection in Big Data Analytics, and key words: Deep learning, Network intrusion detection, Big Data, Data models, Computer networks, Data mining, Monitoring. Abstract: Network security and data security is gaining vital importance as the usage of applications on computer networks evolving now-a-days. Tremendous increase of data usage on real world computer networks leads to analyze/monitor these data for anomalous activity. Analyzing and monitoring these high volumes of data is termed big data analytics, which needs an efficient scheme to handle such big data and to model user behavior. In this study, we provide an overview of network intrusion detection models in big data. This study focuses on surveying large range of network intrusion detection models carried by various techniques including data mining, machine learning and deep learning techniques.
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4,911
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Please write an abstract with title: Hierarchical Landmark Policy Optimization for Visual Indoor Navigation, and key words: Task analysis, Navigation, Semantics, Robots, Visualization, Optimization, Training. Abstract: In this paper, we study the problem of visual indoor navigation to an object that is defined by its semantic category. Recent works have shown significant achievements in the end-to-end reinforcement learning approach and modular systems. However, both approaches need a big step forward to be robust and practically applicable. To solve the problem of insufficient exploration of the scenes and make exploration more semantically meaningful, we extend standard task formulation and give the agent easily accessible landmarks in the form of the room locations and those types. The availability of landmarks allows the agent to build a hierarchical policy structure and achieve a success rate of 63% on validation scenes in a photo-realistic Habitat simulator. In a hierarchy, a low level consists of separately trained RL skills and a high level deterministic policy, which decides which skill is needed at the moment. Also, in this paper, we show the possibility of transferring a trained policy to a real robot. After a bit of training on the reconstructed real scene, the robot shows up to 79% SPL when solving the task of navigating to an arbitrary object.
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4,912
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Please write an abstract with title: A study on the cubic range model for MEO SAR ground moving target imaging, and key words: Synthetic aperture radar, Mathematical model, Imaging, Acceleration, Azimuth, Radar imaging, Radar. Abstract: Due to the advantages of large coverage, and short revisit time, medium-earth-orbit (MEO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an attractive tool for ground moving target indication (GMTI). This paper presents a study on the third-order Taylor approximated range model for MEO SAR ground moving target imaging. First, the coordinates of a ground accelerating target and MEO SAR in the earthcentered rotating coordinate system, as well as the target’s range equation are developed. Second, the third-order Taylor approximated range model is derived. Finally, the accuracy and the application scope of this cubic range model are investigated via simulations.
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4,913
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Please write an abstract with title: Coal Mine Safety Intelligent Monitoring Based on Wireless Sensor Network, and key words: Monitoring, Wireless sensor networks, Coal mining, Safety, Wireless communication, Production, Real-time systems. Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) explores the use of the latest WSN technology in coal mine safety intelligent wireless monitoring, especially the three key technologies that need to solve the WSN wireless communication, transmission routing protocol and positioning algorithm for underground safety monitoring. The application of wireless sensor network in coal mine safety intelligent monitoring system is proposed, this paper discusses the principle and advantages of wireless sensor network and the design basis of wireless sensor network in intelligent monitoring system of coal mine safety. Based on the current situation and existing problems of the low level of intelligence of coal mine safety monitoring system, the design scheme and monitoring mechanism of coal mine safety intelligent monitoring system are proposed, and the feasibility of wireless sensor network in the application of coal mine safety intelligent monitoring system is discussed. Finally, the gateway proposed in this research was tested by laboratory simulation, and the results showed that the gateway designed in this research had good reliability and stability, and proposed a new solution for the design of coal mine safety monitoring system.
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4,914
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Please write an abstract with title: Mars Ascent Vehicle Tracking Guidance Law Design Added by Sliding Mode Control in the Coasting Phase, and key words: Trajectory tracking, Atmosphere, Numerical simulation, Trajectory, Planetary orbits, Fuels, Sliding mode control. Abstract: This paper studies the design of the guidance law for the nominal trajectory tracking of the Mars ascent vehicle. First of all, the nominal trajectory of the flight process is optimized according to the needs of the mission. Secondly, for the ascending phase, the speed loss caused by the atmosphere in the coasting phase is considered, and the altitude and speed at the apoapsis are corrected. The vehicle is guided by the closed-loop control of the angle of attack and the angle of sideslip. In addition, for the problem of large trajectory tracking error caused by guidance only in the ascending phase, the sliding mode guidance law of the coasting phase is designed. Finally, through numerical simulation, it is verified that the designed guidance law can improve the tracking accuracy and greatly reduce the fuel consumption required for the rounding into orbit.
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4,915
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Robot Dynamic Swarm Disablement, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Pest control, Agriculture, Task analysis, Robots, Intelligent robots. Abstract: Motivated by the use of robots for pest control in agriculture, this work introduces the Multi-Robot Dynamic Swarm Disablement problem, in which a team of robots is required to disable a swarm of agents (for example, locust agents) passing through an area while minimizing the cumulative time of the swarm members (equivalent to the cumulative damage they cause) in the area. Showing that the problem is hard even in naive settings, we turn to examine algorithms seeking to optimize the robots' performance against the swarm by exploiting the known movement pattern of the swarm agents. Motivated by the poor performance when a weak group of robots attempts to catch a large swarm of agents, whether it is a significant numerical minority or poor speed gaps, we suggest the use of blocking lines: the robots form lines that block the agents along their movement in the environment. We show by both theoretical analysis and rigorous empirical evaluation in different settings that these algorithms outperform common task-assignment-based algorithms, especially for limited robots versus a large swarm.
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4,916
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Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Job Mix on Optimizations for Space Sharing Schedulers, and key words: Processor scheduling, Supercomputers, Concurrent computing, Computer science, Operating systems, Parallel processing, System performance, Time sharing computer systems, Parallel machines, Design optimization. Abstract: Abstract Modern parallel systems with N nodes can concurrently service multiple jobs requesting a total of up to to N nodes. One of the challenges for the operating system is to give reasonable service to a diverse group of jobs. Asequence of large jobs, each requiring over half of the available nodes, can reduce the machine utilization by up to 50%, but scheduling a long running job on the idle nodes may block the stream of large jobs. Various policies have been proposed for scheduling parallel computers, but as the users of current supercomputers know, these policies are far from perfect. This paper reports on the measurement of the usage of a 512-node IBM SP2 at Cornell Theory Center, a 96-node Intel Paragon at ETH Zurich, and a 512-node Cray T3D at Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center. We discuss the characteristics of the different workloads and examine their impact on job scheduling. We specifically show how two simple scheduling optimizations based on reordering the waiting queue can be used effectively to improve scheduling performance on real workloads. Supercomputer workloads from different installations exhibit some common characteristics, but they also differ in important ways We demonstrate how this knowledge can be exploited in the design and tuning of schedulers.
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4,917
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Please write an abstract with title: Utilization of video conferencing over the Internet to facilitate biological education and research at the University of Maine, and key words: Videoconference, Internet, Video sharing, Bioinformatics, Laboratories, Educational institutions, Video compression, Educational technology, Collaboration, Resource management. Abstract: The University of Maine has long been involved with the use of instructional television. The recent adoption of video conferencing over the Internet has opened opportunities with other institutions that had not previously used video conferencing. This is possible by leveraging the networking infrastructure in place for data connectivity to the Internet. The University strives to further exploit this technology to extend education and research in the state of Maine.
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4,918
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Please write an abstract with title: Topologies of High Temperature Machines, and key words: Wires, Windings, Copper, Standards, Polymers, Soft magnetic materials, Rotors. Abstract: The paper deals with machines able to operate in high temperature (HT°) environments. Most of standard machines are made with enameled wires insulated with a thin polymer layer. With the best available enameled wires, the organic nature the winding insulation limits the operating temperature to about 280°C at the hottest point. Therefore, standard machines cannot be used in the hot environments of specific applications such as deep drilling in petroleum industry, geothermal equipment or near aircraft turbines. Recent studies show that an inorganic insulation technology, made without any polymer, can push this thermal limit up to 500°C. After presenting an overview of the available HT° insulation technologies, the paper details the possible topologies of HT° machines and their limits.
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4,919
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Please write an abstract with title: Full-Duplex Antenna Using DGS Based BPF, and key words: Band-pass filters, Microwave antennas, Microstrip filters, Patch antennas, Transmitting antennas, Resonant frequency, Receiving antennas. Abstract: In this paper, a new design for a Full-Duplex microstrip patch antenna is introduced. It consists of two closely located rectangular microstrip patch antennas, and these radiating patches give radiation bidirectionally. The isolation between the interports of the Full-Duplex antenna is obtained by using a technique called frequency space filtering and two bowtie-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) based bandpass filters (BPFs) in the ground plane beneath the microstrip feed lines from the transmitting and receiving ports of the antenna. The duplex antenna attains the isolation of $21\mathrm{~dB}$ at the transmitting frequency $f_{t}=1.9\mathrm{GHz}$ and $34\mathrm{~dB}$ at the receiving frequency $f_{r}=2.78\mathrm{GHz}$ and transmit-receive frequency spacing frequency $f_{r}=2.78$ GHz and transmit-receive frequency spacing ratio of $r=0.37$. The proposed antenna can operate well at different frequency bands, particularly between 2 and 3GHz by varying the dimensions of the DGS BPF because its resonance frequency depends on scaling the size of the structure. Furthermore, the incorporated BPFs have a reasonable degree of selectivity and sharp frequency cut-off characteristics.
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4,920
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Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Microprocessors Control Architecture for Versatile Business Communications, and key words: Microprocessors, Distributed control, Communication system control, Business communication, Communication switching, Telephony, Switching circuits, Postal services, Automatic control, Information management. Abstract: This paper describes the NEAX®2400 Information Management System (IMS), which is no longer a conventional telephone switching system, but is instead a switching hub for various office automation equipment. The NEAX2400 IMS not only provides various circuit-switching functions such as conventional voice communication (telephone) switching, low-speed and high-speed data switching, but also provides stored and forward capabilities for voice (voice mail) and data (text mail, facsimile mail, etc.). This paper especially emphasizes the basic EPBX features and functions of the NEAX2400 IMS. The standard 64 kbit/s PCM technique is used for digitalization of voice signals, and switched through a nonblocking architecture time-division digital network. All digital data signals are transmitted through the same time-division digital network at the 64 kbit/s rate intermixed with digital voice signals. The controls of the switching functions, station service features, and maintenance service are performed by functionally divided distributed microprocessers. The most outstanding attribute of the NEAX2400 IMS is the unique building-block architecture of the equipment configuration. Modules are stacked above the basic module as the number of line and trunk ports, or additional stored and forward features are required. Up to four additional modules can be stacked up as a single module group. This unique arrangement permits the NEAX2400 IMS to be very flexible in its system applications and expandability. Practically, the NEAX2400 IMS will economically service as few as 184 ports (mixture of voice/data, line/trunk) and can be continuously expanded to as many as 23 184 ports.
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4,921
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Please write an abstract with title: Electromagnetic Near-Field to 3-Meter Field Transformation based on Equivalent Dipoles, and key words: Transforms, Prediction algorithms, Electromagnetic compatibility, Electromagnetics. Abstract: In this paper, an electromagnetic reactive near-field to 3-meter field transform method based on the equivalent dipoles is proposed. Firstly, by using the near-field scanning, the real radiation source is equivalent to a dipole array. The dipoles’ positions and moments are optimized by a differential evolution algorithm. Next, the equivalent dipole array is used to predict the 3-meter field of the real radiation source. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by both the simulation and measurement results.
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4,922
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Please write an abstract with title: Loadbox Design for EMC Testing in Automotive GNSS/SDARS Application, and key words: Global navigation satellite system, Transmission line measurements, Electromagnetic compatibility, Loss measurement, Software, Scattering parameters, Testing. Abstract: In this work, a loadbox consisting of a distributed PCB diplexer was developed that is easy to fabricate with low cost, high durability and high reliability for EMC testing. The dual band diplexer was used to separate the combined signal coming from the LNA's output port to two separate GNSS and SDARS ports. At the GNSS and SDARS frequencies, due to the short wavelength of the RF signals, inductors and capacitors can be implemented using different transmission line geometries in short, open, parallel and straight-line formations. The distributed diplexer was designed using Keysight ADS RF Momentum software and fabricated on a 2-layer Isola FR402 PCB, with a thickness of 1.57 mm and a copper thickness of 17 um. The overall size was 5.8×3.1 cm. The return loss at the input port is better than 11.4 dB in both GNSS and SDARS bands. In the GNSS band, the measured isolation is better than 10.9 dB and the insertion loss is better than 1.9 dB. In the SDARS band, the measured isolation is better than 10.9 dB and the insertion loss is better than 2.1 dB. Simulated and measured S-parameters for all diplexer ports are in good agreement.
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4,923
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Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Design of Active Disturbance Rejection Control for TITO Systems, and key words: Tuning, Observers, Robust control, Power systems, Performance analysis, MIMO communication, State feedback. Abstract: As a new control method that does not need accurate information of model, active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) treats external and internal disturbance as a total disturbance under extended state observer (ESO) and in order to maintain system performance, a state feedback law is put forward to compensate the total disturbance. We proposed a novel design of ADRC for two- input-two-output (TITO) systems in this paper. The manipulated variables of the two loops are both input into the ESO for the purpose of improving decoupling performance as well as the control performance of ADRC controller. This design of ADRC is easy to understand and has excellent decoupling ability. To prove the effectiveness of proposed method, some simulation examples are conducted.
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4,924
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Please write an abstract with title: Consideration and discussion of items of practical experience, and key words: Friction, Lips, Springs, Pins, Oils, Cranes, Couplings. Abstract: The Vice-President: There are two items down here on which members are asked to contribute their experience. I have some rather interesting information here, from Mr. Shirras, who is the Engineer to Messrs. Pyott's, Ltd. In 1917 they equipped their place electrically with some large motors, 81 h.p. They desired to instal squirrel-cage motors, and, to get over the starting torque difficulty, it was arranged to connect these to the existing two lines of shafting by means of friction clutches and to drive by chain drive. Those of you who have had any experience with flour mill drives will know that the starting torque required to start up a flour mill is something enormous, even when the mill is clear. If, however, an involuntary shutdown takes place and the whole of the milling machines and the elevators are choked with partially ground flour, then it is an extremely difficult problem to start at all. In this case the original drive was by means of a large horizontal steam engine with a multiple rope drive driving on to the two shafts, and it was decided to divide the drive up electrically between two motors, to start the motors up light, and then switch in the load by means of a friction clutch. The five years' experience of the friction clutches is rather interesting.
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4,925
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Please write an abstract with title: Spectral envelope analysis in snoring signals from simple snorers and patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and key words: Sleep apnea, Signal analysis, Spectral analysis, Predictive models, Production, Frequency domain analysis, Hospitals, Shape, Information filtering, Information filters. Abstract: Several studies have shown a relationship between snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Beyond conventional sound intensity analysis, some spectral differences have been found between snores from simple snores and post-apneic snores from OSAS patients. Snoring spectrum has two components, a fundamental frequency and a spectral envelope. Spectral density studies analyze them altogether. In this work we approach the estimation of the spectral envelope alone, which is closely related to the mechanism of snoring production. Linear prediction autoregressive (AR) modeling with a low order is used for spectral envelope estimation. Two methods are proposed for automatic order estimation. Formant frequencies of the spectral envelope are calculated. A total of 447 snores from 8 simple snorers, and 236 normal and 429 post-apneic snores from 8 OSAS patients are analyzed. Significant differences are found (p<0.005) in formant frequencies variability between simple snorers and OSAS patients, even when non postapneic snores are considered.
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4,926
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Please write an abstract with title: Frequency offset mitigation with multiple receive antenna based blind adaptive subspace multiuser detectors, and key words: Frequency, Receiving antennas, Multicarrier code division multiple access, Detectors, Diversity reception, Fading, OFDM, Channel estimation, Bit error rate, Adaptive arrays. Abstract: In this paper, we address the problem of multiuser detection in multiple receive antenna based multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems. Specifically, we consider frequency selective fading channels with frequency offset and use our previously proposed multiple receive antenna based blind adaptive subspace multiuser detectors to recover transmitted data of the user of interest The adaptive detectors rely on a blind subspace technique to estimate the channel parameters. For performance comparison, we extend maximum ratio combining (MRC) detector, which is often used in conventional single transmit and single receive antenna based MC-CDMA systems to single transmit and multiple receive antenna based MC-CDMA systems and evaluate its theoretical performance. Simulation results show that our blind adaptive subspace-based detection techniques perform better than the new MRC detector (with perfect channel parameters) at high frequency offset.
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4,927
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Please write an abstract with title: Coarse-to-Fine Reasoning for Visual Question Answering, and key words: Deep learning, Visualization, Codes, Semantics, Neural networks, Feature extraction, Cognition. Abstract: Bridging the semantic gap between image and question is an important step to improve the accuracy of the Visual Question Answering (VQA) task. However, most of the existing VQA methods focus on attention mechanisms or visual relations for reasoning the answer, while the features at different semantic levels are not fully utilized. In this paper, we present a new reasoning framework to fill the gap between visual features and semantic clues in the VQA task. Our method first extracts the features and predicates from the image and question. We then propose a new reasoning framework to effectively jointly learn these features and predicates in a coarse-to-fine manner. The intensively experimental results on three large-scale VQA datasets show that our proposed approach achieves superior accuracy comparing with other state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, our reasoning framework also provides an explainable way to understand the decision of the deep neural network when predicting the answer. Our source codes can be found at: https://github.com/aioz-ai/CFR_VQA
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4,928
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Please write an abstract with title: Small-Area and Low-Power FPGA-Based Multipliers using Approximate Elementary Modules, and key words: Design automation, Asia, Hardware, Fabrics, Table lookup, Field programmable gate arrays. Abstract: Approximate multiplier design is an effective technique to improve hardware performance at the cost of accuracy loss. The current approximate multipliers are mostly ASIC-based and are dedicated for one particular application. In contrast, FPGA has been an attractive choice for many applications, because of its high performance, reconfigurability, and fast development. This paper presents a novel methodology for designing approximate multipliers by employing the FPGA-based fabrics. The area and latency are significantly reduced by cutting the carry propagation path in the multiplier. Moreover, we explore higher-order multipliers on architectural space by using our proposed small-size approximate multipliers as elementary modules. For different accuracy requirements, eight configurations for approximate 8 × 8 multiplier are discussed. In terms of mean relative error distance (MRED), the accuracy loss of the proposed 8 × 8 multiplier is low as 0.17%. Compared with the exact multiplier, our proposed design can reduce area by 43.66% and power by 20.36%. The critical path latency reduction is up to 27.66%. The proposed multiplier design has a better accuracy-hardware tradeoff than other designs with com-parable accuracy.
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4,929
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Please write an abstract with title: An Improved YOLOv3 Model Based on ResNet50, and key words: Computer vision, Smoothing methods, Conferences, Object detection, Production, Feature extraction, Optimization. Abstract: In computer vision, object detection is one of the most challenging problems. In the one-stage object detection, YOLOv3 is one of the most popular object detection models. Because of its excellent detection speed and the same accuracy, it has a wide range of practical applications, and many kinds of derivative versions have been derived. In this paper, we used four tricks to upgrade the original yolov3 network which are resnest50, image mixup, label smoothing and CIoU loss. By adding these tricks, the average accuracy and speed of the improved model on coco2017 datasets are better than those of traditional YOLOv3.
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4,930
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Please write an abstract with title: Exploration with active loop-closing for FastSLAM, and key words: Simultaneous localization and mapping, Uncertainty, Mobile robots, Robot sensing systems, Computer science, Robot control, Vehicles, Current measurement, Orbital robotics, Space exploration. Abstract: Acquiring models of the environment belongs to the fundamental tasks of mobile robots. In the last few years several researchers have focused on the problem of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Classic SLAM approaches are passive in the sense that they only process the perceived sensor data and do not influence the motion of the mobile robot. In this paper we present a novel and integrated approach that combines autonomous exploration with simultaneous localization and mapping. Our method uses a grid-based version of the FastSLAM algorithm and at each point in time considers actions to actively close loops during exploration. By re-entering already visited areas the robot reduces its localization error and this way learns more accurate maps. Experimental results presented in this paper illustrate the advantage of our method over pervious approaches lacking the ability to actively close loops.
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4,931
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Please write an abstract with title: IRS in the Near‐Field: From Basic Principles to Optimal Design, and key words: Signal to noise ratio, Capacitance, Reflection coefficient, MIMO communication, Impedance, Wireless communication, Voltage control. Abstract: Modern communication systems leverage the randomness of wireless channels to improve performance. This is accomplished by the subtle design of the transceiver whilst treating the propagation channel as an uncontrollable entity. However, the recent advances in meta‐materials have made possible electromagnetic wave manipulation through intelligent reconfigurable surfaces (IRSs). Smart propagation environments enabled by IRSs have therefore attracted much attention in the context of sixth‐generation communication systems. In this chapter, we present the basics of IRS‐aided communication, as well as delineate the specifics of near‐field operation.
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4,932
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Please write an abstract with title: Mapping of the pulse states of a fiber laser with ionic liquid gated carbon nanotube saturable absorber, and key words: Liquids, Semiconductor lasers, Laser mode locking, Solitons, Logic gates, Carbon nanotubes, Fiber lasers. Abstract: This work investigates a space of pulse states reachable by electronic control of ionic liquid gated carbon nanotube absorber (ILGNA) implemented inside fiber mode-locked laser. Adjustment of a voltage applied on ILGNA and a current of a pumping diode provides a convenient way to switch between Q-switch, Mode-locking and Q-switch mode-locking regimes. Solitons with spectral width of 16 nm pulse duration of 500 fs with 22.32 MHz repetition rate at mode-locking regime, pulses with 1.6 μs with 48.6 kHz repetition rate were achieved.
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4,933
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Please write an abstract with title: Speech/Music Classification Using Features From Spectral Peaks, and key words: Spectrogram, Speech processing, Feature extraction, Multiple signal classification, Proposals, Task analysis, Standards. Abstract: Spectrograms of speech and music contain distinct striation patterns. Traditional features represent various properties of the audio signal but do not necessarily capture such patterns. This work proposes to model such spectrogram patterns using a novel Spectral Peak Tracking (SPT) approach. Two novel time-frequency features for speech vs. music classification are proposed. The proposed features are extracted in two stages. First, SPT is performed to track a preset number of highest amplitude spectral peaks in an audio interval. In the second stage, the location and amplitudes of these peak traces are used to compute the proposed feature sets. The first feature involves the computation of mean and standard deviation of peak traces. The second feature is obtained as averaged component posterior probability vectors of Gaussian mixture models learned on the peak traces. Speech vs. music classification is performed by training various binary classifiers on these proposed features. Three standard datasets are used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed features for speech/music classification. The proposed features are benchmarked against five baseline approaches. Finally, the best-proposed feature is combined with two contemporary deep-learning based features to show that such combinations can lead to more robust speech vs. music classification systems.
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4,934
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Please write an abstract with title: The future of computer architecture research: an industrial perspective, and key words: Computer architecture. Abstract: Summary form only given. This panel focuses on the industrial vision for the future of computer architecture research. The field of computer architecture is in critical need for focus, perhaps now more than ever. The underlying technology is presenting significant roadblocks for next generation designs. The applications that the world wants seem to be out of synch with mainstream research. The potential impact of our work seems to be uncertain. Despite this, there are some excellent opportunities out there. We have invited several distinguished technical leaders from key hardware and software companies in the computing industry to articulate their vision for the future of computer architecture research.
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4,935
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Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of the cyclic short-time variation of indoor power-line channels response, and key words: Frequency response, Frequency measurement, Coupling circuits, Impedance, Voltage, Statistical analysis, Performance evaluation, Delay, Transmitters, Signal generators. Abstract: Indoor power-line channels response exhibits a time-varying behaviour with a twofold nature. The first one is the well-known long-term variation caused by the connection and disconnection of electrical devices. The second one is a short-time variation, synchronous to the mains, whose origin is the dependence of the impedance presented by electrical devices on the mains voltage (Canete, FJ et al., 2005). The purpose of this paper is to assess the importance of this latter aspect in actual channels. To this end, a measurement procedure able to extract these short-time variations is described at first. Afterwards, a statistical analysis of the results obtained from a measurement campaign performed at different scenarios is given. Specifically, the delay spread, the peak excursion and the rate of change of the frequency response in the band from 1 MHz to 20 MHz are presented and discussed.
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4,936
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Please write an abstract with title: Data Center Cooling Harmonics - How To Get The ‘Good’ Without The ‘Bad’, and key words: Power harmonic filters, Harmonic analysis, Fans, Capacitance, Power system stability, Rectifiers. Abstract: With continual focus on improving PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness) in Data Center operations, cooling system efficiencies have been steadily increasing. Much of these efficiency gains can be attributed to more effective ventilation and `free cooling' made possible by the use of electronically commutated (EC) fans. By utilizing rectifier and inverter technology, brushless permanent magnet motors and integrated intelligent electronics, EC fans have been able to achieve tremendous energy savings of 30% on average versus conventional AC fan operation. EC fans also allow for increased speeds and control flexibility with a wide voltage input range, allowing for universal use throughout most parts of the world.However, one significant factor that needs to be considered in EC fan applications is the distorted AC current waveform that they draw. Their integrated rectifier/inverter package makes EC fans an example of a nonlinear load. Without proper harmonic mitigation, nonlinear loads will distort the AC power distribution upstream and can cause significant issues within a facility, such as overheating electrical distribution equipment and the failure of sensitive equipment connected to the same electrical bus.In order to take advantage of the significant energy saving potential of EC fans, users of this technology must take into consideration the effects of harmonics. To reduce these negative effects, a passive harmonic filter specifically designed for the low DC bus capacitance of these devices can be easily applied such that the considerable `good' in energy efficiency can be achieved without the `bad' of poor power quality.
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4,937
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Please write an abstract with title: Heuristics and Meta-Heuristics Based Multiple Depot Vehicle Routing Problem: A Review, and key words: Routing, Stochastic processes, Vehicle routing, Microsoft Windows, Optimization, Conferences. Abstract: Nowadays distribution of goods for the delivery industries has become very costly. The problem focusing the distribution of products between depots and clients are commonly addressed by vehicle routing problem (VRP). The multi depot VRP, an extended form of VRP, is NP-hard trouble for concurrently finding all possible routes for various transports from more than one depot to a group of clients and back to the very same depot. In this work, an updated review on the MDVRP is illustrated. In this overview of the research papers, many versions of the model are investigated such as split-delivery, periodic-deliveries, capacitated, time windows, heterogeneous fleet, and pickup & delivery.
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4,938
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Please write an abstract with title: Smart Stick for Blind People, and key words: Blindness, Acoustics, Global Positioning System, Receivers, Instruments, Proposals, Infrared sensors. Abstract: Blind person finds it difficult to detect the presence of any obstacles in their way while moving from one place to another and it is very difficult to find the exact location of the stick if it have been misplaced. Thus, the smart stick comes as a proposed solution to help the visually impaired people in their day to day living without the help of others. In this paper we proposed a solution for the blind people by using an ultrasonic sensor in the blind stick. The instrument stands used to perceive the obstacles at the range of four meters and infrared instrument is castoff to perceive the nearer complications in front of the blind people. Thus the radio frequency transmitter and receiver help the user to find the exact location of the smart stick with the help of buzzer. The vibration motor which is placed in the smart stick gets activated and produces a vibration when any obstacle is detected. This proposed method uses the Arduino UNO as controller. The branch is accomplished of sensing all difficulties in front of the user. The smart stick is of user friendly, quick response, very low power consumption, lighter weight and it is easy to hold and fold by the user.
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4,939
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Power Line Carrier Communication Channel Modeling for Power Distribution and Consumption IoT, and key words: Simulation, Measurement uncertainty, Channel estimation, Power distribution, Machine learning, Transmission line measurements, Graph theory. Abstract: The information interaction in power distribution and consumption internet of things (IoT) requires high-speed, reliable and secure communication support. Power line carrier (PLC) communication provides an effective solution due to the low construction cost, wide coverage, and high transmission rate. However, the performance of PLC is effected by multipath fading, noise, and electromagnetic interference. Therefore, it is necessary to research on the PLC channel modeling. In this paper, three PLC channel modeling methods based on transmission line theory, graph theory, and machine learning are researched, which can achieve relatively accurate channel estimation and low error values between the estimated and the measured values.
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4,940
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Please write an abstract with title: An ‘Ethical Black Box’, Learning From Disagreement in Shared Control Systems, and key words: Performance evaluation, Ethics, Wheelchairs, Conferences, Control systems, User experience, Safety. Abstract: Shared control, where a human user cooperates with an algorithm to operate a device, has the potential to greatly expand access to powered mobility, but also raises unique ethical challenges. A shared-control wheelchair may perform actions that do not reflect its user's intent in order to protect their safety, causing frustration or distrust in the process. Unlike physical accidents there is currently no frame-work for investigating or adjudicating these events, leading to a reduced capability to improve the shared control algorithm's user experience. In this paper we suggest a system based on the idea of an ‘ethical black box' that records the sensor context of sub-critical disagreements and collision risks in order to allow human investigators to examine them in retrospect and assess whether the algorithm has taken control from the user without justification.
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4,941
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Please write an abstract with title: A digital correlator using delta modulation, and key words: Correlators, Delta modulation, Sampling methods, Instruments, Signal analysis, Equations, Delay, Computer simulation, Circuits, Communication system control. Abstract: Correlators are powerful instruments for analyzing signals. Recently many digital correlators have been developed. Their main parts are delays, a multiplier, and an integrator, the basic principles being the same in most cases. In this paper, the author proposes a new method (the M.I. Unit) which provides a multiplication and an integration all in one circuit by using delta modulation. Due to using this method, it is suggested that simpler digital correlators can be constructed.
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4,942
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Behavior Mathematical Modeling of CGF Based on Reinforcement Learning under Complex Electromagnetic Environment, and key words: Adaptation models, Heuristic algorithms, Computational modeling, Reinforcement learning, Markov processes, Mathematical models, Data models. Abstract: This paper focuses on the modeling of agent behavior in complex electromagnetic environment. By using reinforcement learning technology, The traditional Markov decision process and dynamic programming algorithm are improved. The electromagnetic field intensity function is integrated with Markov decision process and dynamic programming algorithm, and high precision virtual battlefield environment is evaluated based on system simulation, in order to facilitate the modeling of the agent’s behavior, this paper meshes the complex electromagnetic battlefield environment and sets up the simulation task scene of agent’s maneuvering task using simulation and evaluation system. Several simulation tests were implemented to collect relative test data. The comparison was made with the traditional Markov decision algorithm from three dimensions, including time, space and working condition of electronic devices inside equipment. The results show that the improved Markov decision algorithm and dynamic programming algorithm proposed in this paper show better adaptability to adapt complex electromagnetic environment than traditional Markov algorithm, it will provide a strong support for efficient completion of combat tasks and improvement of combat effectiveness in complex electromagnetic simulation environment, and also lays a foundation for the subsequent research on the CGF behavior modeling method.
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4,943
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Please write an abstract with title: Integrated Voltage Harmonics Factors Estimation of Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter with Common-Mode-Voltage-Eliminating Space Vector PWM, and key words: Space vector pulse width modulation, Total harmonic distortion, Frequency modulation, Voltage source inverters, Power system harmonics, Amplitude modulation, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: The harmonics-related performance characteristics of the common-mode-voltage-eliminating space vector pulse width modulation (CMVE-SVPWM) technique for three-phase multilevel voltage source inverter (MLVSI), based on the recently offered quarter-wave-symmetric space vector pulse width modulation (QWS-SVPWM) algorithm, are investigated. Namely, the dependences of the output voltage THD and three low-order weighted THDs values on the phase voltage amplitude modulation index are obtained by LabVIEW simulation for the three low, multiple of 12, values of frequency modulation index and the considerably extended range of the amplitude modulation index. Like the baseline QWS-SVPWM algorithm, the CMVE-SVPWM technique keeps the quarter-wave symmetry of the star (phase-to-neutral) and delta (phase-to-phase) voltages and is intended for MLVSI of any arbitrary topology with any arbitrary number of generated equal voltage levels. The zero-common-mode-voltage MLVSI space vectors are being applied, producing the zero value of the voltage across the neutral point of the load and the inverter system ground point. To this end, relative values of the MLVSI phase load voltages, referred to the three-phase load common star point (phase-to-neutral load voltages) are being set as the reference ones and being processed.
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4,944
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Please write an abstract with title: Effect of exchange interaction between grains on R/W properties of single-layer perpendicular recording media, and key words: Elementary particle exchange interactions, Magnetic heads, Perpendicular magnetic recording, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Amorphous materials, Magnetization, Grain size, Magnetic recording, Computer simulation, Amorphous magnetic materials. Abstract: The effect of exchange interaction A between grains on signal (S) and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of single-layer perpendicular recording media was investigated by computer simulation. Oscillation of S and S/N, which could be due to the model of the media, was observed with variation of head field. The maximum values of S (to be called S/sub max/) and S/N (to be called S/N/sub max/) in oscillation increase with increasing A in a small A range, saturate and decrease in a large A range. On the other hand, the minimum S and minimum S/N (to be called S/sub min/ and S/N/sub min/) in oscillation decrease monotonically with increasing A. The value of A corresponding to the maximum of S/N/sub max/ in a A-S/N/sub max/ curve increases with increasing anisotropy field of a medium and decreases with increasing recording density. The S/sub max/ or S/N/sub max/ in oscillation may correspond to S and S/N of media with small grains or amorphous substances and S/sub min/ or S/N/sub min/ may correspond to S and S/N of media with large grains, respectively. Therefore, S and S/N of the media composed of small grains or amorphous substances with high H/sub k/ could be increased with increasing A.
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4,945
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Please write an abstract with title: Active noise cancellation using aggressor-aware clamping circuit for robust on-chip communication, and key words: Noise cancellation, Clamps, Circuits, Noise robustness, Crosstalk, Delay, Wire, CMOS technology, Noise reduction, Noise level. Abstract: As the IC process technology scales the on-chip wiring network becomes denser. Increasing aspect ratios of the on-chip interconnects lead to higher coupling capacitances and ultimately higher cross-talk noise, which degrades signal integrity. In this paper we propose a clamping circuit for on-chip busses, which clamps a victim wire in an on-chip bus based on the states of its immediate aggressors. These clampers help the driver of the victim wire in draining the charge, which is induced due to cross-talk between aggressors and victim wires. This helps in decreasing the cross-talk peak noise and also the delay variability (referred to as delay noise). Simulation results for a 10 mm long communication bus (parallel wires) laid at minimum pitch in 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology show that a reduction of 30%(17.6%), 37%(27.2%) and 26%(65.8%) in cross-talk peak noise amplitude (delay noise) is observed for point to point, parallel repeater inserted and staggered repeater inserted respectively when only immediate neighbours are considered (1/sup st/ order). Furthermore the aggressor-aware clamper is very effective in avoiding glitches, which may occur when more aggressors, in addition to the immediate ones are also switching simultaneously in the same.
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4,946
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Please write an abstract with title: Contour recognition: A syntax-directed approach, and key words: Shape, Piecewise linear approximation, Inspection, Digital images, Humans, Rate-distortion, Image segmentation, Image recognition, Image edge detection, Biomedical imaging. Abstract: Recognition of the outlines of objects is a fundamental problem in image analysis, with applications in many areas, including industrial inspection and medical imaging. This paper describes how an optimal method of edge analysis can be used in conjunction with a syntax describing the outlines of objects to give a method of object recognition that allows knowledge of the object to be included in the contour analysis.
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4,947
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Please write an abstract with title: Forecasting Stock Market Using Machine Learning Approach Encoder-Decoder ConvLSTM, and key words: Measurement, Deep learning, Time series analysis, Mean square error methods, Predictive models, Stock markets, Root mean square. Abstract: The stock market prediction is a hot topic these days, and predicting the price of a stock is both difficult and important due to the numerous variables at play. There were numerous Machine Learning models submitted for Stock Market Prediction, but Hybrid Models were successful in making accurate predictions. The goal of this study is to create a hybrid Deep Learning model (Encoder-Decoder ConvLSTM) to anticipate stock market prices. We employed historical stock price data S and P500 (Daily Prices) from Yahoo’s financial website and six months dataset of State Bank of Pakistan (Hourly values). Different prediction models have been tested for the S and P500 dataset which is publicly available and after finding out that the proposed model performed well it has been applied to the SBP dataset as well. The effectiveness of the proposed model has been calculated based on the following performance metrics, root means square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). When compared to other comparable studies, the experimental findings indicate that the proposed model has the best performance metrics values. As a result, we can infer that our model is appropriate for accurate stock market time series prediction.
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4,948
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Please write an abstract with title: SDFA: A Service-Driven Fragmentation-Aware Resource Allocation in Elastic Optical Networks, and key words: Resource management, Bandwidth, Measurement, Optical fiber communication, Optical fiber networks, OFDM, Entropy. Abstract: To support the fifth-generation bandwidth-hungry applications, such as the Internet of Things, virtual reality, augmented reality, and cloud computing, elastic optical networks have become the most promising infrastructure that allocates bandwidths for services flexibility. Fragmentation caused by dynamic resource allocation deteriorates the availability of resources in networks, increasing the blocking of requests. The fragmentation occurs not only in the used path but also in the neighboring links that are not included in the used path; they are connected to the used path. This paper proposes a service-driven fragmentation-aware (SDFA) resource allocation scheme to enhance resource utilization by avoiding fragmentation with the joint consideration of the used path and neighboring links. A service-driven fragmentation metric (SDFM) is, for the first time, presented to estimate the fragmentation in the used path and neighboring links. The SDFA scheme prefers to assign services at the spectrum slots, which leads to the minimum value of SDFM. Simulation results indicate that SDFA outperforms four conventional fragmentation-aware resource allocation schemes in terms of blocking probability and resource utilization due to a lower fragmentation in the network.
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4,949
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Please write an abstract with title: Smart MCB with Metering Ability to Optimize Electricity Usage, and key words: Meters, Visualization, Reactive power, Power demand, Power system stability, Web servers, Smart meters. Abstract: Electricity is billed based on time-of-use schemes to reflect the generation becoming more expensive during peak hours of power usage. For countries where smart meters are not installed, a miniature circuit breaker with power usage metering capability is proposed in this work. The smart metering MCB transmits real time energy consumption data, so that the user can graphically know power consumption of each sub circuit of the dwelling as well as daily, monthly summaries. These visual indicators can assist end users to improve their electricity usage at strategic times, ensuring financial savings. The grid benefits from reduced peak load, thus stability. The proposed design was constructed and implemented for a single-phase sub circuit. Experimental test results and calibration data are presented together with the design overview.
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4,950
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Please write an abstract with title: Hiding binary images behind noise with authentication capability: a new approach to covert communication, and key words: Authentication, Cryptography, Information science, Military computing, Business communication, Military communication, Application software, Signal processing, Communications technology, Internet. Abstract: A new approach to hiding secret binary images behind noise images for covert communication with a capability of secret authentication is proposed. A secret image to be transmitted is transformed into a random noise image at a sender site with a given key, with the aim of both covering the secret and cheating illicit interceptors. Authentication bits are also embedded imperceptibly in the noise image. At the receiver site, the secret image is recovered from the noise image with the same key and verified by checking the existence of the authentication bits. Experimental results show the feasibility of the approach for real applications.
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4,951
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Please write an abstract with title: Assessment on Image Quality Changes as a Result of Implementing Median Filtering, Wiener Filtering, Histogram Equalization, and Hybrid Methods on Noisy Images, and key words: Image quality, Histograms, Wiener filters, Gaussian noise, Information filters, Noise measurement, Testing. Abstract: The information content in an image can experience a decrease in quality due to noises. Accordingly, noise removal and histogram equalization (HE) are among the processes used to enhance image quality. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of changes in image quality as a result of applying median filtering (MF), Wiener filtering (WF), HE, or hybrid methods on noisy images. Here, face images are used as input. The research stages began with preprocessing, i.e., cropping, size normalization, and color-to-gray conversion. Then, Gaussian and salt-and-pepper noises with intensities of 20%, 50%, and 80% are applied to the images. Consequently, the processes, i.e., HE, MF, WF, hybrid method 1 (HE and MF), and hybrid method 2 (HE and WF), are implemented, and then the image quality is evaluated. The results of the research show that the best methods to enhance Gaussian and salt-and-pepper noisy images are WF and MF, respectively. HE and the two hybrid methods generally do not improve image quality. The implementation of hybrid method 2 results in the maximum structural similarity index with 80% Gaussian noise. Meanwhile, MF provides the minimum mean-square error and maximum peak signal-to-noise ratio with 20% Gaussian noise.
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4,952
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Please write an abstract with title: On computation of the radiation pattern of a zoned waveguide lens, and key words: Lenses, Cutoff frequency, Phased arrays, Apertures, Antenna radiation patterns, Planar waveguides, Frequency measurement, Feeds, Antenna measurements, Computational modeling. Abstract: The radiation pattern of a zoned waveguide lens is calculated by considering a continuous field distribution over the lens aperture with ring blockages at the steps. The expression for the blockage which is constructed from the results of the measurement of a simplified model is presented here.
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4,953
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Please write an abstract with title: Sensing system design and torque analysis of a haptic operated climbing robot, and key words: System analysis and design, Torque, Haptic interfaces, Climbing robots, Mobile robots, Robot sensing systems, Fasteners, Weapons, Contacts, Wheels. Abstract: The robots operating in hazardous environments such as nuclear plant decommissioning or terrorist bomb disposal need to show off-road capabilities due to the uneven terrain including stairs and ditches. The hazardous environment operation typically requires the use of a remotely operated robot. In this paper we propose an improved articulated track mechanism. A sensing system for haptic operation with a joystick is proposed considering the robot contacts to the stair. Additionally, we present the algorithm for the proposed robot to climb the stairs. Torque analysis is made to design electrical motors, which produce torque enough to drive the track lifting motor and track rotating motor.
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4,954
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Please write an abstract with title: Ontology-based Interpretable Machine Learning for Textual Data, and key words: Ontologies, Semantics, Predictive models, Correlation, Machine learning, Prediction algorithms, Data mining. Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a novel interpreting framework that learns an interpretable model based on an ontology-based sampling technique to explain agnostic prediction models. Different from existing approaches, our algorithm considers contextual correlation among words, described in domain knowledge ontologies, to generate semantic explanations. To narrow down the search space for explanations, which is a major problem of long and complicated text data, we design a learnable anchor algorithm, to better extract explanations locally. A set of regulations is further introduced, regarding combining learned interpretable representations with anchors to generate comprehensible semantic explanations. An extensive experiment conducted on two real-world datasets shows that our approach generates more precise and insightful explanations compared with baseline approaches.
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4,955
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Please write an abstract with title: Photon counting and timing detector modules for single-molecule spectroscopy and DNA analysis, and key words: Timing, Detectors, Spectroscopy, DNA, Circuits, Voltage, Diodes, Silicon, Fluorescence, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: Compact and rugged modules based on planar epitaxial single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) devices and monolithic active quenching and reset circuits (i-AQC) attain remarkable detector performance: quantum efficiency with 45% peak at 550 nm wavelength , dark-counting rate less than 10 c/s, photon timing better than 60 ps.
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4,956
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of Deep Learning for Defect Detection of Paint Film, and key words: Deep learning, Training, Visualization, Instruments, Welding, Signal processing algorithms, Paints. Abstract: Paint film can protect and decorate the metallic workpieces. Automatic defect detection of paint film is important and challenging for intelligent manufacturing. In this paper, the surface quality of paint film is detected using defection system combining with deep learning. The image set of paint film is first collected for training and testing, which includes 2000 images. We use both SSD and Faster R-CNN methods to detect the defects of paint film. Finally, the framework of defect detection program is implemented through virtual instrument and python. Experiments indicate that the SSD and Faster R-CNN methods can get good experimental data in the paint film detection. As opposed to previous visual detection methods, the defect detection method using deep learning does not have to manually design defect characteristics previously, which is more robust. Moreover, the proposed framework can be easily applied to other industrial application fields, such as detection of wood defects, surface defect detection of parts and weld defect detection.
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4,957
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Please write an abstract with title: Designing an interactive real-time web-mapped dashboard to visualise conflict ceasefires data over COVID-19 infection rates: facilities and the way ahead, and key words: COVID-19, Pandemics, Databases, Conferences, Government, Data visualization, Tools. Abstract: In March 2020, the UN Secretary General issued a call for a global ceasefire to help tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. This call was expected to result in a variety of responses from governments, diplomats, armed groups, NGOs, humanitarian actors, and mediators. Since these organizations are typically focused on specific countries and contexts, it was important to provide them and researchers of conflict and peacemaking dynamics with clear, concise, and well-presented data on the full variety of conflict parties' responses to the UNSG's call, the COVID-19 pandemic and to track the impacts of the pandemic on attempts to end armed conflict. Our tracker, called ‘Ceasefires in a time of COVID-19’ supports these efforts and SDG 16, i.e., promotion of just, peaceful, and inclusive societies. It features a timeline, an interactive map, and a search tool that displays qualitative data about the ceasefires and related events. This tool is unique in its application, bringing together ceasefires declarations and the COVID-19 infection rates from the Johns Hopkins COVID-19 database, and in its design, with input from the academic and practitioner communities. In this paper, we further describe the methodology used in designing the tool and argue in favor of broad interdisciplinary and cross-industry participation in dataset and user interface design, in order to reflect the requirements of the interested publics.
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4,958
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Please write an abstract with title: Isolated Kannada Character Recognition using Densely Connected Convolutional Network, and key words: Training, Handwriting recognition, Text recognition, Mood, Transfer learning, Manuals, Writing. Abstract: Handwritten Character Recognition and Identification are one of the most interesting problem statements in the present digitized world because of its variety of applications. It has leveraged its potential in reducing the manual work of converting the documents containing handwritten characters to machine-readable texts. Recognition of handwritten characters is challenging due to various reasons like high variance in the writing styles across the globe, poor quality of the handwritten text compared to the printed text and the size of the handwritten text. Kannada language has a history of over 1000 years. Kannada vowels and consonants are curvy and symmetric in nature and hence recognition in an offline system becomes difficult. Hence, recognition of Handwritten Kannada characters effectively serves as the main objective of this work. This work proposes a DenseNet121 based Character Recognition model that effectively recognizes the Handwritten Kannada characters. Transfer Learning is used to improve the overall performance of the model. The proposed model achieved a training accuracy of 96.7% and test accuracy of 96.28%, hence proving the effectiveness of the model.
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4,959
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Please write an abstract with title: Compiler-directed data cache leakage reduction, and key words: Optimizing compilers, Energy consumption, Program processors, Runtime, Very large scale integration, Proposals, Hardware, Circuits, Computer Society. Abstract: Leakage energy reduction for caches has been the target of many recent research efforts. In this work, we propose a novel compiler directed approach to reduce the data cache leakage energy by exploiting the program behavior. The proposed approach is based on the observation that only a small potion of data are active at runtime and the program spends a lot of execution time in loops, so a large portion of data cache lines, which are not accessed by the loops, can be placed into leakage control mode to reduce leakage energy consumption. The experimental results show that the proposal approach is comparable to the pure hardware based approach in reducing data cache leakage energy.
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4,960
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Please write an abstract with title: Live View Augmented Reality Technology Integrated IoT in Vocational Education Learning, and key words: Visual communication, Education, Media, Synchronization, Internet of Things, Augmented reality, Standards. Abstract: The major purpose of this research is to build a smart learning package for the vocational area that is interactive, powerful, versatile, and user pleasant by combining live view technology with Augmented Reality and the Internet of Things (IoT). The development process in this study is based on five stages of ADDIE development, one of which enables for mass production, which is the researchers’ goal for the next two years. The concept of Live view was first developed by Google in 2020 for the Google Street AI mechanism, however this technology has been designed to be compatible with AR since 2017. Since 2017, researchers have been working on AR, VR, and mixed reality technologies that can smoothly integrate. Although there is a lot of IoT and Live View technology, there is still a lot of work to be done in the field of learning so that the technology may be used widely. The result of the development of live view AR is a product that can display objects in real time or objects that can be directly viewed using an AR camera. This development product has gone through a series of tests in expert materials with an average of 87.45 percent, media experts with an average of 84.67 percent, and active users with an average of 89.99 percent. It can be determined that the product’s development is sound and that it can be used by the general public. Although there are 1 out of 5 scores in the “Effectiveness and seamless use of AR live view applications” category that are in the typical standard of assessment, this is conceivable owing to late synchronization. The IoT-based AR live view concept has been implemented well, with a TSe value of 612 with results of 85.3 percent, UI/UX Design with a TSe of 815 with results of 85.1 percent, and Visual communication with a TSe of 513 with results of 87 percent in the final stage of testing. This demonstrates that Live View Augmented Reality Technology Integrated IoT in Vocational Education Learning is accurate and ready to use.
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4,961
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Please write an abstract with title: An All-Soft Variable Impedance Actuator Enabled by Embedded Layer Jamming, and key words: Brakes, Muscles, Jamming, Damping, Actuators, Force, Impedance. Abstract: Biological muscle is a multifunctional actuator capable of varying its stiffness and damping. The design of similarly multipurpose variable impedance actuators has benefits for improving physical robot interaction, such as by enabling variable impedance manipulators with more capability and greater safety. We present the concept for a soft jamming brake and artificial muscle (SJBAM). By incorporating a jamming brake inside of a pneumatic artificial muscle, we achieve synergistic benefits, which enable new functionalities, improve muscle static and dynamic response, and expand the brake’s capabilities. The SJBAM can store elastic energy, such as a pneumatic artificial muscle, and also act as a brake or clutch. By independently controlling the muscle and brake pressures, we can vary the SJBAM’s stiffness and damping. We derive models for this actuation concept and examine the performance of the SJBAM both theoretically and experimentally. In addition, we present open- and closed-loop position control demonstrations with a 1-degree-of-freedom manipulator actuated by an antagonistic pair of SJBAMs.
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4,962
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Please write an abstract with title: Achieving Significant Burst Motion Based on Epicycloid Induction Principle for Stick–Slip Piezoelectric Actuator, and key words: Trajectory, Piezoelectric actuators, Friction, Force, Clamps, Prototypes, Foot. Abstract: The burst motion as a potential motion is discovered in recent years and has important effects on the output performance of the piezoelectric actuator. How to induce the burst motion has become a research hotspot and a current challenge in the field of the piezoelectric actuator. To eliminate the backward motion and induce significant burst motion, an epicycloid induction principle (EIP) was proposed in this article. Correspondingly, a stick–slip piezoelectric actuator with a special dual feet compliant mechanism was designed, and the corresponding prototype was fabricated to verify the EIP. Under the excitation of square wave signals, the driving and clamping feet alternately pushed the bearing, and the epicycloid motion of the bearing induced the burst motion of the slider. The threshold voltage about the clamping foot of the prototype with no backward motion was set through the pre-experiment. At this voltage, the displacement–time curves in one period showed three consecutive steps, which confirmed the feasibility of the EIP. In addition, the prototype has a resolution of 160 nm and the vertical loading capacity greater than 5 N. The proposed EIP is effective for inducing significant burst motion and offers a novel idea for the structure design of the stick–slip actuators.
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4,963
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Please write an abstract with title: Multiwatt operation of Cu II and Ag II hollow cathode lasers, and key words: Cathodes, Laser transitions, Power lasers, Gain measurement, Power generation, Optical losses, Copper, Argon, Mirrors, Space vector pulse width modulation. Abstract: We report multiwatt pulsed (120 μs pulsewidth, 40Hz) laser operation of silver and copper hollow cathode lasers. Peak output powers of 65 mW at 224 nm, 500 mW at 248 nm, 1.3 W at 318.1 nm, and 2.3 W at 478.8 nm have been achieved. Measurements of small-signal gains of selected laser transitions and new laser lines in Cu, Ag, Kr, and Ar are presented.
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4,964
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimal scheduling of wind power system considering electric vehicle demand response, and key words: Costs, Wind energy, Power supplies, Optimal scheduling, Wind power generation, Electric vehicles, Power grids. Abstract: After the large-scale grid connection of wind energy, the crest cutting down space of the traditional power supply is inadequate, leading to the consumption of wind energy. However, the load capacity of electric vehicles is adjustable and can absorb a certain amount of wind. Therefore, this paper comes up with an optimal scheduling mechanism of wind power system considering the demand response of electric vehicles. Firstly, found on the response ability of electric vehicle load, the optimization model of electric vehicle participating in crest cutting down with the minimum system operation cost is established; Secondly, NSGA - II algorithm is used to solve the model and obtain the Pareto optimal solution set, so as to obtain the decision-making method of electric vehicle participating in wind power consumption;The simulation results show that this method is more effective than the traditional method and provides technical support for the adjustable load involved in wind power consumption.
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4,965
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Please write an abstract with title: Computational Approach to the Statistical Mechanics of Protein Folding, and key words: Computational modeling, Computer simulation, Sampling methods, Polymers, Laboratories, Chemistry, Protein engineering, Entropy, Bovine, Pancreas. Abstract: A statistical mechanical approach to the protein folding problem is developed based on computer simulations. The properties of proteins related to conformation and folding are determined from the density of states of the protein. A new simulation procedure, the Entropy Sampling Monte Carlo method, is used to determine accurately the density of states of the protein. To enhance the efficiency of sampling the conformational space of a protein, two techniques (a conformational-biased chain regrowth procedure and a jump-walking method) were introduced into the simulation. Applications of the approach to study a number of model polypeptides and a small protein, Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor, have been carried out. The results obtained demonstrate that the new approach is more powerful and produces richer information about the thermodynamics and folding behavior of proteins than conventional simulation methods.
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4,966
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Please write an abstract with title: A supplier perspective on rapid new product volume ramp-up manufacturing strategy, and key words: Collaboration, Delay, Costs, Pulp manufacturing, Production facilities, Timing, Milling machines, Impedance, Uncertainty, Scheduling. Abstract: This paper highlights that weak production volume ramp up capability can be a major impediment for a supplier to thrive in a tightly linked overseas Japanese collaborative manufacturing supply network. An exploratory multiple-case longitudinal research methodology was adopted in this study involving two large Japanese MNCs and their respective supply networks consist of ten factories in four countries. The preliminary findings suggest that a supplier attaining rapid ramp up capabilities can enhance the predictability of initial production output during new product volume ramp up. Thus the new supplier gains immediate customer trust on the ability to deliver the committed product/services and consequently leads to increase in future business opportunities.
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4,967
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Please write an abstract with title: On Providing Dynamic Route Reconfiguration in Congested MANET for Performance Amelioration Using Route Cache Trail (RCT) and Opinion Mining, and key words: Routing, Routing protocols, Mobile ad hoc networks, Load management, Topology, Conferences. Abstract: The routing problems stemming in MANET is exacerbated by the unique characteristics of the network like dynamic topology, infrastructure less, absence of centralized authority, limited bandwidth, processing power, multi hop nature. The Multi Route AODV Ant routing algorithm (MRAA) implemented in this paper results from applying Ant colony optimization (ACO)/Swarm intelligence techniques to AODV routing protocol. This proposed protocol namely MRAA is intelligent enough to balance the load in the Densely Routed Path (DRP)/Core Forwarding List (CFL)/ Most preferred route (MPR). The ant's normal behavior of constructing an optimal and promising path in search of food from the nest is mimicked in this network. This behavior emulation in network is sure to short circuit/bypass routing bottlenecks that causes network diversion, impairment and outage. The selection of obstacle/hurdle free path is sure to attract heavy network traffic to it amplifying congestion. Load balancing in DRP necessitates/demands dynamic route reconfiguration/reconstruction to eventually reach the destination. This route reconfiguration/recomputation adds significant performance burden in timely sensing of destination node. The node mobility coupled with this compounds the problem of realizing an optimal routing path. Performance Amelioration through Pheromone based Dynamic Route Reconfiguration (DRR) technique is used to detect/find secondary forwarding/routing list to successfully reach the destination. ROUTE CACHE TRAIL (RCT) a performance metric in synchronization with other measures like opinion mining is used to map the nodes in DRP to the alternate Sparse Populated Route leading to the same destination. RCT an intuitive process of storing/holding the latest/currently used routing path with its associated parameters viz. source id, RREQ, sequence no., Broadcast Id, Destination Id etc. in all the participating nodes for future routing endeavors and helps in backtracking the RREP packets to the source. Opinion Mining of the comprehensive routing information generated from the network enables the core node in the primary path in timely evaluation of the incoming node as genuine or not attesting to its participation in the alternate route creation. The volatile nature of RCT mirroring the varying pheromone concentration on the path provides scope for imbibing dynamicity in the routing process.
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4,968
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Please write an abstract with title: Toward a neurophysiological measure of image quality perception based on algebraic topology analysis, and key words: Electroencephalography, Image quality, Electrodes, Silicon, Image coding, Topology, Media. Abstract: The bandwidth of internet connections is still a bottleneck when transmitting large amounts of images, making the image quality assessment essential. Neurophysiological assessment of image quality has highlight advantages for it does not interfere with natural viewing behavior. However, in JPEG compression, the previous study is hard to tell the difference between the electroencephalogram (EEG) evoked by different quality images. In this paper, we propose an EEG analysis approach based on algebraic topology analysis, and the result shows that the difference between Euler characteristics of EEG evoked by different distortion images is striking both in the alpha and beta band. Moreover, we further discuss the relationship between the images and the EEG signals, and the results implied that the algebraic topological properties of images are consistent with that of brain perception, which is possible to give birth to brain-inspired image compression based on algebraic topological features. In general, an algebraic topology-based approach was proposed in this paper to analyze the perceptual characteristics of image quality, which will be beneficial to provide a reliable score for data compression in the network and improve the network transmission capacity.
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4,969
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Please write an abstract with title: A Bell-state analyzer for photonic frequency, and key words: Photonics, Qubit, Electronics packaging, Frequency measurement, Frequency division multiplexing, Detectors. Abstract: We demonstrate the first Bell-state analyzer for frequency-bin entangled photons and unambiguously distinguish two of four Bell states with fidelities over 92%. This is an important step toward the vision of a quantum internet that is compatible with both heterogeneous nodes and dense spectral multiplexing.
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4,970
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Please write an abstract with title: A UWB Radar-based Approach of Detecting Vital Signals, and key words: Cloud computing, Heart beat, Telemedicine, Emergency services, Sleep apnea, Biomedical monitoring, Ultra wideband radar. Abstract: The recent widespread pandemic of COVID-19 has put tremendous pressure on the healthcare system. The deployment of telehealth technology is crucial in solving this problem when patients are mildly ill and need to self-isolate at home or in a specific location. This paper proposes using a single radar sensor to continuously contact-less monitor the patients' vital signals in their daily lives. We use edge computing to handle high-priory tasks and combined cloud infrastructure for further process and storage to provide monitoring and telehealth services. A case study is presented to show how the approach can continuously monitor and recognize high-risk diseases and abnormal activity (e.g., sleep apnea). While an accident occurs, the system could provide fast and accurate emergency services. The work has been compared with a good standard. And the experimental results show that the proposed approach for heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) detection achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) ± Standard Deviation of Absolute Error (SDAE) of 0.09±1.43 bpm and 0.23±3.23 bpm, respectively. This indicates the radar sensor can provide a high recognition accuracy to meet the requirements for a range of cardiopulmonary function monitoring. This kind of telemedicine service facilitates monitoring the self-isolated subjects to detect and recognize human physical and physiological activities.
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4,971
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Please write an abstract with title: Unified HW/SW Coverage: A Novel Metric to Boost Coverage-guided Fuzzing for Virtual Prototype based HW/SW Co-Verification, and key words: Measurement, Embedded systems, Runtime, Limiting, Computer bugs, Prototypes, Fuzzing. Abstract: Coverage-guided Fuzzing (CGF) has been shown to be a very effective verification technique in the Software (SW) domain. However, the application of CGF in the embedded system domain is much more limited so far. Beside the necessary integration effort of the fuzzing engine, a main limiting factor is the employed coverage metric to guide the CGF process. Since embedded systems integrate Hardware (HW) and SW parts, the coverage metric should reflect both parts instead of reasoning exclusively about the SW execution in the CGF process.Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel unified HW/SW coverage metric to boost state-of-the-art CGF for HW/SW co-verification. Following the modern design flow for embedded systems, we leverage a Virtual Prototype (VP) to represent the HW part. We designed effective representations of the unified HW/SW coverage to capture all relevant coverage information at run time in the VP and tailored it for integration with a modern CGF process. Our RISC-V experiments demonstrate the practical applicability of our proposed approach. Our proposed unified HW/SW coverage can be effectively managed at runtime and enables to reach deeper bugs compared to existing state-of-the-art CGF.
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4,972
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Please write an abstract with title: Temperature Sensing with a Relaxation Oscillator in CMOS ICs, and key words: Temperature sensors, Oscillators, Temperature measurement, Integrated circuits, Frequency estimation. Abstract: Temperature monitoring is indispensable for realizing a long life in ICs, since reliability of ICs is affected by the temperature. We propose a temperature sensor based on an oscillation frequency of a relaxation oscillator embedded in an IC. In order to examine feasibility of the temperature monitoring, we designed a sensor circuit utilizing a relaxation oscillator and examined it by SPICE simulations. The simulation results show that temperatures in ICs can be estimated by a single regression straight line with a small error under process variations of MOSs in the ICs.
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4,973
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Please write an abstract with title: Applications of Flower Pollination Algorithm in Electrical Power Systems: A Review, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Search problems, Genetic algorithms, Metaheuristics, Power systems, Particle swarm optimization, Approximation algorithms. Abstract: The use of metaheuristic, nature inspired algorithms for solving complex optimization problems with non-linearity and multimodality, has become a popular tool in the field of science and engineering. Presently, there has been much development of such tools, with academics creating new nature-inspired algorithms that could potentially be more efficient and effective. One such algorithm is the Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) developed by Xin-She Yang in 2012. This metaheuristic algorithm is modelled after the evolutionary process of flowering plants and has been useful in many fields of science and engineering, particularly in electrical power systems. With the rapid expansion of industries and population growth, engineers are faced with the arduous task of satisfying the growing electrical demand. To improve electrical power systems and reduce running costs, FPA and its variants have been implemented to determine optimal solutions to complex combinatorial optimization problems, with little computational effort, and has proven to be more effective than other popular metaheuristic algorithms, such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Owing to its balanced global and local search capabilities, and better convergence characteristics, numerous studies have been conducted to utilize FPA and its variants in real-world optimization problems. Thus, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of FPA and its variants to successfully determine optimal results to non-deterministic polynomial-time hard problems in electrical power systems and other fields of science. To accomplish this, an in- depth description of FPA and its parameters that influence its performance are discussed, including the various modifications and hybridizations of the algorithm. In addition, an in- depth review of applications using FPA and its variants in electrical power systems and other fields of science, is provided.
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4,974
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Please write an abstract with title: Path Tracking Control of Tracked Paver Based on Improved Pure Pursuit Algorithm, and key words: Target tracking, Roads, Measurement uncertainty, Position measurement, Satellite navigation systems, Pursuit algorithms, Oscillators. Abstract: This paper investigates the high-precision path tracking control of tracked paver combined with global satellite navigation system. As the paver is performing paving operations, it requires high path tracking accuracy and good vehicle stability. Therefore, considering the influence of road curvature on path tracking accuracy and vehicle stability, and the situation that the vehicle can not move quickly to the expectation path when the lateral position of the vehicle deviates from the expectation path, this paper proposes a lateral path tracking control method based on improved Pure Pursuit algorithm. The control method is verified through experiments. The experimental results show that the maximum lateral tracking error of the improved algorithm is 0.04 m, which is 55.56% lower than that of the original algorithm, and the average lateral tracking error is 0.02 m, which is 60% lower than that of the original algorithm. The purpose of high-precision path tracking of the paver is realized.
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4,975
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Please write an abstract with title: CWCT: An Effective Vision Transformer using improved Cross-Window Self-Attention and CNN, and key words: Computational modeling, Conferences, Semantics, Virtual environments, User interfaces, Transformer cores, Transformers. Abstract: In the process of metaverse construction, in order to achieve better interaction, it is necessary to provide clear semantic information for each object. Image classification technology plays a very important role in this process. Based on CMT transformer and improved Cross-Shaped Window Self-Attention, this paper presents an improved Image classification framework combining CNN and transformers, which is called CWCT transformer. Due to the high resolution of the image, vision transformers will lead to too high model complexity and too much calculation. To solve this problem, CWCT captures local features by using optimized Cross-Window Self-Attention mechanism and global features by using convolutional neural networks (CNN) stack. This structure has the flexibility to model at various scales and has linear computational complexity concerning image size. Compared with the original CMT network, the classification accuracy has been improved on ImageNet-1k and randomly screened Tiny-ImageNet dataset. Thanks to the optimized Cross-Window Self-Attention, the CWCT proposed in this paper has a significant improvement in operation speed and model complexity compared with CMT.
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4,976
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of laser-induced luminescence technique to the analysis of ultratrace levels of uranium, and key words: Laser applications, Luminescence, Nitrogen, Laser excitation, Chemicals, Lamps, Optical pulses, Laser theory, Delay, Copper. Abstract: Laser-induced luminescence technique with a compact nitrogen laser as an excitation source has been successfully applied to the determination of ultratrace quantities of uranium. The alteration in emission spectra, intensity, and lifetime produced by the addition of chemical enhancers is examined. The intensity of the emission is linear with respect to the concentration of the uranium in samples. The detection limits are better than those obtained with conventional methods, ranging from 30 to 0.5 parts per trillion. Analytical data using this method are presented for environmental and biological samples containing parts-per-billion of uranium.
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4,977
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing Video Prediction via Video Frame Interpolation, and key words: Training, Interpolation, Extrapolation, Computational modeling, Semantics, Training data, Optimization methods. Abstract: Video prediction is an extrapolation task that predicts future frames given past frames, and video frame interpolation is an interpolation task that estimates intermediate frames between two frames. We have witnessed the tremendous advancement of video frame interpolation, but the general video prediction in the wild is still an open question. Inspired by the photo-realistic results of video frame interpolation, we present a new optimization framework for video prediction via video frame interpolation, in which we solve an extrapolation problem based on an interpolation model. Our video prediction framework is based on optimization with a pretrained differentiable video frame interpolation module without the need for a training dataset, and thus there is no domain gap issue between training and test data. Also, our approach does not need any additional information such as semantic or instance maps, which makes our framework applicable to any video. Extensive experiments on the Cityscapes, KITTI, DAVIS, Middlebury, and Vimeo90K datasets show that our video prediction results are robust in general scenarios, and our approach outperforms other video prediction methods that require a large amount of training data or extra semantic information.
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4,978
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Please write an abstract with title: Pseudo-differential integrator for UHF applications in digital CMOS technologies, and key words: CMOS technology, Transconductors, Dynamic range, Tuning, Hard disks, Filters, Frequency response, Bandwidth, Voltage, Transconductance. Abstract: This paper presents a new digitally programmable UHF transconductor compatible with pure digital CMOS technologies. The idea consists of a programmable/tunable transconductor, based on a parallel connection of unit folded-cascode cells, which is used to implement a fully-balanced current-mode G/sub m/-C integrator to operate over the 30 MHz-220 MHz range with 80 dB of dynamic range for 1% of THD.
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4,979
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Please write an abstract with title: Control of PV Array-WECS Based EV Charging Station with Seamless Grid Interface, and key words: Bridges, Vehicle-to-grid, Reactive power, Rectifiers, Charging stations, Electric vehicle charging, Batteries. Abstract: This paper presents the control and implementation of multifunctional electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) assisted by the wind energy conversion system (WECS) and the PV array, an energy storage battery and the grid. In an islanded mode (IM), the WECS and PV array are used to charge the vehicle and to supply the domestic equipment's connected to the EVCS in coordination with the storage battery. However, the excess power is sent back to the grid for power balance. This EVCS supports the AC as well as DC charging. To achieve the continuous charging, seamless mode transition logic is embedded into the charging station control. Apart from the regular operation of the charging, the EVCS participates in various ancillary services. The operation of EVCS and effectiveness of the control algorithm are validated through the simulation and the experimental results.
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4,980
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Please write an abstract with title: A little light magic [optical lithography], and key words: Lithography, Optical refraction, Lenses, Manufacturing, Coaxial components, Shape, Lighting, Laboratories, Prototypes, Optical devices. Abstract: At first glance, it appears that optical lithography has hit a dead end. Wavelengths shorter than 193 nm can't be used without a drastic redesign of lithographic systems because the shorter wavelengths are simply absorbed by the quartz lenses that direct the light onto the wafer. So is this the end? Not quite. There are a few more tricks that IC manufacturers can play. Lumped together, they are called resolution enhancement techniques (RETs), and in one way or another, they all coax the light into resolving shapes much smaller than its wavelength. The main techniques are optical proximity correction, phase-shifting masks, and modified, or "off-axis," illumination. With these tricks, the existing-and already paid for-optical lithography equipment can create patterns much smaller than the wavelength of the light used to produce them, these techniques can be easily extended to one-eighth the wavelength of the light-that is, to less than 25 nm for 193 nm light. Using these techniques, scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT's) Lincoln Laboratory, in Lexington, have built prototype transistors with a gate length of only 9 run-smaller than the smallest virus. Other tricks can also come into play. For example, by immersing the focusing lenses in a liquid with an index of refraction greater than that of air, optical lithography may be extended indefinitely. Ever since the 180 nm generation of devices, in 1999, RETs are making advanced optical lithography possible.
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4,981
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Please write an abstract with title: A method and tool set for on-chip power noise and jitter estimation, and key words: Jitter, Packaging, Application specific integrated circuits, Working environment noise, Voltage, Rails, Clocks, Noise reduction, Rivers, Electronic mail. Abstract: This work describes a method for estimating on-die and package jitter noise for standard-cell ASICs. This method uses extractions of the physical layouts, with current consumption behavioral model estimations of core cells, to estimate the core voltage noise at various die locations. The resulting voltage and ground noise waveforms are then used as the voltage rail inputs for simulations of extracted signal nets to estimate their jitter due to this core noise. These voltage noise waveforms are then used as the supply inputs for simulating jitter on critical nets.
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4,982
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Please write an abstract with title: Towards a Categorical Semantics of DEVS, and key words: Couplings, Algebra, Semantics, Wires, Programming, Mathematical models, Trajectory. Abstract: DEVS (Discrete EVent System) has been proposed to formalize discrete dynamical systems and is widely used for modeling and simulation. Although the operational semantics of DEVS models is well defined, and it exists some attempt to characterize their behavior using temporal logics, there is no attempt to define their denotational semantics. The meaning of a DEVS model is the set of possible coupled input, output and state trajectories. Therefore, denotational semantics is a mapping from DEVS models onto an algebra of trajectories. In this paper, we use category theory to define this algebra. This algebra, called Dyn, is made of trajectories as objects, and the DEVS behavior and structure specifications are mapped onto morphisms between trajectories, exhibiting their coupling. This result opens the way to algebraic manipulations of DEVS models, as well as the access to the results and proof mechanisms available in category theory.
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4,983
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Please write an abstract with title: Marginal Structural Models Using Calibrated Weights With SuperLearner: Application to Type II Diabetes Cohort, and key words: Diabetes, Estimation, Machine learning algorithms, Codes, Bioinformatics, Electronic medical records, Medical diagnostic imaging. Abstract: As different scientific disciplines begin to converge on machine learning for causal inference, we demonstrate the application of machine learning algorithms in the context of longitudinal causal estimation using electronic health records. Our aim is to formulate a marginal structural model for estimating diabetes care provisions in which we envisioned hypothetical (i.e. counterfactual) dynamic treatment regimes using a combination of drug therapies to manage diabetes: metformin, sulfonylurea and SGLT-2i. The binary outcome of diabetes care provisions was defined using a composite measure of chronic disease prevention and screening elements [27] including (i) primary care visit, (ii) blood pressure, (iii) weight, (iv) hemoglobin A1c, (v) lipid, (vi) ACR, (vii) eGFR and (viii) statin medication. We used several statistical learning algorithms to describe causal relationships between the prescription of three common classes of diabetes medications and quality of diabetes care using the electronic health records contained in National Diabetes Repository. In particular, we generated an ensemble of statistical learning algorithms using the SuperLearner framework based on the following base learners: (i) least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, (ii) ridge regression, (iii) elastic net, (iv) random forest, (v) gradient boosting machines, and (vi) neural network. Each statistical learning algorithm was fitted using the pseudo-population generated from the marginalization of the time-dependent confounding process. Covariate balance was assessed using the longitudinal (i.e. cumulative-time product) stabilized weights with calibrated restrictions. Our results indicated that the treatment drop-in cohorts (with respect to metformin, sulfonylurea and SGLT-2i) may have improved diabetes care provisions in relation to treatment naïve (i.e. no treatment) cohort. As a clinical utility, we hope that this article will facilitate discussions around the prevention of adverse chronic outcomes associated with type II diabetes through the improvement of diabetes care provisions in primary care.
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4,984
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Please write an abstract with title: A high performance 4K static RAM fabricated with an advanced MOS technology, and key words: Read-write memory, Random access memory, Power dissipation, Voltage, MOS devices, Temperature, Power generation, Active circuits, Isolation technology, Circuit optimization. Abstract: RECENT TECHNOLOGICAL advances have allowed N-channel MOS designs to achieve bipolar performance at “IS power levels’ 72. Using advanced MOS technology, a 5-V, 4096-bit static RAM has been designed with a typical access time and power dissipation of 45ns and 500mW, respectively. The memory is fully static and offers a 40mW powerdown mode.
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4,985
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Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of electromagnetic induction scattering from targets with negligible to moderate penetration by primary fields, and key words: Electromagnetic induction, Electromagnetic scattering, Skin, Magnetic fields, Surface waves, Magnetic analysis, Numerical models, Electromagnetic modeling, Electromagnetic interference, Integral equations. Abstract: The problem of numerical modeling of electromagnetic induction (EMI) responses by metallic objects is complicated by the fact that transmitted fields may penetrate the target, but will often only do so slightly. The effect cannot be ignored, yet it is often grossly impractical to discretize the entire surface or volume of a target in space increments only on the order of a fraction of the skin depth. To deal with this problem, we retain a simple integral equation formulation in scalar potential for the region outside the target, where magnetic fields are quasi-static and irrotational. Within the target we apply only the divergence relation, /spl nabla//spl middot/H = 0. When the skin depth is small relative to the radius of curvature of the target (e.g., <0.1), we use the thin skin depth approximation (TSA), /spl part/H/sub n///spl part/n as /spl sim/-ikH/sub n/, just inside the target's surface, where k is the electromagnetic wavenumber inside the metal and n is the normal direction on the surface and pointing inside of metallic object. Examination of analytical solutions for the sphere suggests the parameter range in which this approximation might perform well and suggests ways of improving accuracy over an extended range. The fundamental TSA formulation appears to be relatively robust. Analysis indicates that it is insensitive to variation over the target's surface of primary field orientation relative to that surface, and that it is only dependent on the target's magnetic permeability through induction number. Implementing the TSA numerically, within the above divergence relation, allows us to express all quantities in terms of tangential magnetic field components and their tangential derivatives over the target surface. In principle, this closes the system completely in terms of the exterior scalar potential. Broad-band numerical simulations based on the TSA compare favorably with analytical and other numerical solutions.
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4,986
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Please write an abstract with title: Disturbance and Uncertainty Rejection-Based on Fixed-Time Sliding-Mode Control for the Secure Communication of Chaotic Systems, and key words: Synchronization, Chaotic communication, Electronic circuits, Disturbance observers, Control systems, Fuzzy systems, Uncertainty. Abstract: This study provides a new development regarding uncertainty and disturbance estimation (UDE) based on fixed-time sliding mode control (FTSMC) for the secure communication of electronic circuits in a chaos-based system. Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems were used to remodel chaotic systems with the aim of softening the control design for the synchronization of the chaos-based system. The master and slave systems of the secure communication system were maintained in chaotic formats. The originality of the proposed uncertainty and disturbance estimator is a condition associated with the first derivative of these values being free. The stability of the system was proven by using the Lyapunov condition. The states of master and slave systems were used for encryption and decryption, respectively. Finally, the correction of the proposed control theories was verified by MATLAB simulations, the simulation of the electronic circuits in OrCAD capture software, and experiments involving electronic circuit communication.
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4,987
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Please write an abstract with title: Bandwidth Miniature Quadrature Branch line Coupler Design, and key words: Couplers, Standards, Wireless communication, Substrates, Prototypes, Microstrip, Layout. Abstract: The article defines the design process of a compact coupler used in the microwave technology as a power divider or adder. It is shown that replacing quarter-wave cuts with electrodynamic structures makes it possible to reduce the size of the device with small losses in performance. On the basis of a field experiment, a good convergence of theoretical and practical results is shown. The size of the compact device is 69.9% less than the space on the printed circuit board.
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4,988
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Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Tracking of Low SNR Targets, and key words: Training, Target tracking, Neural networks, Transforms, Maintenance engineering, Convolutional neural networks, Standards. Abstract: In general, target tracking follows one of two basic approaches: either the individual scan/stares of an area are thresholded and the detections are tracked, or all the energy received in the scan/stare can be utilized by a track-before-detect (TBD) algorithm. TBD is the preferred approach for tracking targets with low signal-to-noise-ratios (SNR), as thresholding above a set SNR may not detect the target and thresholding below a set SNR may produce far too many detections. There are several different types of TBD algorithms, one of which is the multitarget histogram-probabilistic multiple hypothesis tracker (H-PMHT). However, the issue with methods such as these is that they are primarily track maintenance algorithms and do not have a natural track initiation phase. A hybrid approach seeks to initialize the tracks using low thresholds and then maintain the track with TBD algorithms. It has been found that track initiation (as opposed to track termination) is responsible for discarding tracks unless the algorithm is sure they are valid. This implies that a great deal of false tracks are formed in initiation, and may use extensive resources to monitor and promote to confirmed tracks. Additionally, there are also TBD algorithms such as the Hough Transform, that have the initiation and tracking combined, which are also very computationally expensive. Therefore, to maintain computational efficiency and more accurately initiate tracks, we will introduce smart detections. In this paper we will utilize convolutional neural networks (CNN`s) that examine a chip of pixels surrounding low threshold detections to determine if the energy in the chip came from a target or background noise/phenomenology. The tracks will be initiated with these smart detections and maintained either with future smart detections or the H-PMHT TBD algorithm when the CNN cannot determine that the target is present. The CNN will err on the side of discarding ambiguous detections (meaning real detections will be missed) so that few false tracks are formed. The hybrid approach of using smart detections and PMHT for track maintenance will ensure the target is kept in track even though the CNN may miss detections.
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4,989
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Please write an abstract with title: Location dependent CDMA orthogonality in system level simulations, and key words: Multiaccess communication, Downlink, Multipath channels, Computational modeling, Radio transmitters, Interference, Base stations, RAKE receivers, Intelligent networks, Radio frequency. Abstract: In system simulations of WCDMA radio networks, a constant value for the orthogonality factor is often assumed in the whole considered area of interest to determine the network performance. This factor is used to scale the intra-cell interference, which has an important impact on the network performance. However, the orthogonality factor is not constant, but depends on the individual channel profile between transmitter and receiver, as well as on the receiver implementation. Therefore, this factor is different for every particular user. In a new approach, the orthogonality factor is calculated dependent on the above parameters for each receiver point individually. Comparisons of this new approach with the simple constant value approach are presented. The results show that the assumption of a constant orthogonality factor within a cell may lead to unrealistic results in system level simulations, especially if interference sensitive high bit rate services are considered, e.g., the packet transmission technology HSDPA (high speed downlink packet access). Especially in the field of performance analysis for network planning and design, it is important to obtain an accurate performance estimate with a correlation to the predicted area, instead of average values for the whole simulation area.
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4,990
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of optimal line-source antennas, and key words: Antenna theory, Directive antennas, Constraint optimization, Antenna arrays, Design optimization, Modems, Antenna radiation patterns, Australia, Fasteners, Apertures. Abstract: The design of optimal antenna patterns subject to sidelobe constraints is considered. A function space formulation of the antenna pattern shaping problem yields several advantages over currently available techniques for computing optimal line-source excitations. The two basic problems studied are a) maximizing directivity subject to hard, possibly angle-dependent, constraints on the sidelobe level and beamwidth; and b) antenna pattern shaping where the approximating pattern must fit into a known envelope.
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4,991
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Please write an abstract with title: Comment-Guided Semantics-Aware Image Aesthetics Assessment, and key words: Semantics, Multitasking, Task analysis, Fuses, Visualization, Streaming media, Predictive models. Abstract: Existing image aesthetics assessment methods mainly rely on the visual features of images but ignore their rich semantics. Nowadays, with the widespread application of social media, the comments corresponding to images in the form of texts can be easily accessed and provide rich semantic information, which can be utilized to effectively complement image features. This paper proposes a comment-guided semantics-aware image aesthetics assessment method, which is built upon a multi-task learning framework for image aesthetics prediction and comment-guided semantics classification. To assist image aesthetics assessment, we first model the semantics of an image as the topic features of its corresponding comments using Latent Dirichlet Allocation. We then propose a two-stream multitask learning framework for both topic feature prediction and aesthetic score distribution prediction. Topic feature prediction task enables to infer the semantics from images, since the comments are usually unavailable during inference and comment-guided semantics can only serve as supervision during training. We further propose to deeply fuse aesthetics and semantic features using a layerwise feature fusion method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art image aesthetics assessment methods.
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4,992
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Please write an abstract with title: A Multiagent Federated Reinforcement Learning Approach for Plug-In Electric Vehicle Fleet Charging Coordination in a Residential Community, and key words: Reinforcement learning, State of charge, Electric vehicle charging, Batteries, Transformers, Plug-in electric vehicles, Anxiety disorders, Deep learning, Collaborative work. Abstract: The increasing penetration of distributed renewable energy and electric vehicles (EV) in local microgrids/residential-community has brought a great challenge to balancing system stability and economic benefits. This paper proposes a decentralized framework based on an efficient federated deep reinforcement learning method for plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) fleet charging management in a residential community, which is equipped with a photovoltaic and battery energy storage system and connected to a local transformer. Firstly, the framework of PEV charging management is described as a virtual EV charging station coordinating charging tasks through sharing public information with distributed agents. Then, an individual preference model of PEV is developed considering heterogenous PEV charging anxiety, battery degradation, and collective penalty. Subsequently, we propose an attention-weighted federated soft-actor-critic method to efficiently seek the co-ordinational scheduling of the PEV fleet charging in a distributed way, where scalability and privacy protection can be ensured with attention-based information sharing. Finally, a real-world case study is conducted to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.
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4,993
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Please write an abstract with title: Hybridization of fuzzy GBML approaches for pattern classification problems, and key words: Pattern classification, Fuzzy sets, Fuzzy systems, Genetic algorithms, Machine learning algorithms, Algorithm design and analysis, Machine learning, Knowledge based systems, Genetic mutations, Industrial engineering. Abstract: We propose a hybrid algorithm of two fuzzy genetics-based machine learning approaches (i.e., Michigan and Pittsburgh) for designing fuzzy rule-based classification systems. First, we examine the search ability of each approach to efficiently find fuzzy rule-based systems with high classification accuracy. It is clearly demonstrated that each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages. Next, we combine these two approaches into a single hybrid algorithm. Our hybrid algorithm is based on the Pittsburgh approach where a set of fuzzy rules is handled as an individual. Genetic operations for generating new fuzzy rules in the Michigan approach are utilized as a kind of heuristic mutation for partially modifying each rule set. Then, we compare our hybrid algorithm with the Michigan and Pittsburgh approaches. Experimental results show that our hybrid algorithm has higher search ability. The necessity of a heuristic specification method of antecedent fuzzy sets is also demonstrated by computational experiments on high-dimensional problems. Finally, we examine the generalization ability of fuzzy rule-based classification systems designed by our hybrid algorithm.
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4,994
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Please write an abstract with title: Aperiodic Metasurface for Broadband RCS Reduction, and key words: Radar cross-sections, Scattering, Resonant frequency, Metasurfaces, Broadband communication, Complexity theory, Wideband. Abstract: In this paper, a straightforward design technique is presented for designing broadband, polarization-insensitive meta-surface for wideband radar cross-section (RCS) reduction. Two different unit cell structures, one dual resonance unit cell composed of a circular patch and circular loop and, a square patch are selected for enhancing the phase bandwidth and covering 2π range. Three different metasurfaces i.e. triangular checkerboard metasurface, random triangular checkerboard metasurface and aperiodic metasurface are designed and characterized. Enhanced performance, both in terms of diffused reflection and wideband RCS reduction, is achieved by aperiodic metasurface compared to the other two metasurfaces. The proposed aperiodic metasurface significantly reduce the RCS for wide operational bandwidth and demonstrate features such as polarization insensitivity and low design complexity.
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4,995
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Please write an abstract with title: Breakdown limitations on the transmission of microwave power through the atmosphere, and key words: Electric breakdown, Atmosphere, Dielectric breakdown, Surface discharges, Plasma measurements, Microwave frequencies, Breakdown voltage, Laboratories, Antenna measurements, Atmospheric measurements. Abstract: One of the limiting factors in the transmission of the increasingly large amounts of microwave power available is voltage breakdown of the atmosphere. Almost all of the published work dealing with voltage breakdown at microwave frequencies has been concerned with breakdown in the presence of surfaces to which particles can diffuse. This paper describes laboratory experiments which have been performed using a focused microwave system to produce a discharge in the absence of proximate surfaces. The experiments have been concerned with 1) the determination of the power level at which breakdown occurs, and 2) the ability of the atmosphere to act as a medium for the transmission of power after breakdown has occurred. The paper presents a theory for predicting the power level at which breakdown will occur and then demonstrates the agreement of this theory with measured breakdown levels. An experiment is then described which shows that the power per unit of input power, received beyond the discharge plasma by a test antenna, decreases as power is increased after breakdown.
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4,996
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Please write an abstract with title: Solution to Forward–Backward Stochastic Differential Equations With Random Coefficients and Application to Deterministic Optimal Control, and key words: Stochastic processes, Differential equations, Mathematical models, Stochastic systems, Indium tin oxide, Symmetric matrices. Abstract: We address forward–backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) with random coefficients. Differently from previous approaches, we consider FBSDEs with coefficients that are random and correlated with forward and backward variables. In addition, expectation terms appear in the forward equation, and this makes challenging to solve coupled FBSDEs, e.g., those coming from corporations’ fiscal policy planning. Using a discretization approach, an analytic solution to the FBSDEs is given in terms of coupled stochastic Riccati-type differential equations. We also apply our results to optimal deterministic control problem for Itô stochastic systems with both random and deterministic coefficients. Our results show that the discretization approach is a powerful tool to decouple complex FBSDEs.
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4,997
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Please write an abstract with title: Long term decision making using throughput accounting, and key words: Decision making, Throughput, Costing, Constraint theory, Constraint optimization, Optimized production technology, Management accounting, Cost function, Design optimization, Appropriate technology. Abstract: Throughput accounting, the Theory of Constraints' alternative to product costing, is being criticised for ignoring fixed costs and emphasizing short-term optimization by assuming that variables such as product price, customer orders, technology and production design are fixed and therefore appropriate for maximizing throughput. It is argued that the Theory of Constraints and thus also throughput accounting are little more than a powerful short-run optimisation procedures. This work explores the underlying concepts of throughput accounting to demonstrate how short-term decisions are made using throughput accounting. The superiority of throughput accounting over traditional product costing is demonstrated using a simple case study. In the case study it is demonstrated that with the throughput accounting approach, a much better decision can be made to optimize the system as opposed to using traditional costing approaches. The false underlying assumptions of product costing is also be exposed. This is followed by a real-world case study where a long-term decision is analyzed using both the traditional product costing/management accounting approach and the throughput accounting approach. In this particular case, the management of the organization must make the decision whether to accept or reject an order with long term investment implications. Using the traditional management accounting approach leads to one decision whereas using throughput accounting leads to the opposite decision. These two outcomes are compared and an analysis done as to why the differences in outcomes exist.
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4,998
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Please write an abstract with title: Motion Guided Feature-Augmented Network for Action Recognition, and key words: Optical imaging, Videos, Feature extraction, Spatiotemporal phenomena, Optical fiber networks, Integrated optics, Optical computing. Abstract: Motion information is a crucial factor to identify human action recognition in videos. Existing state-of-the-art methods use traditional optical flow features representing the short-term motion information as the supplementary to appearance features, achieving performance improvements. However, conventional optical flow needs high computation cost and can't be optimized in an end-to-end fashion. To reduce the computation complexity and make the computation fully-differential, we utilize a representation flow layer to mimic the process of iterative flow optimization. Besides, to attach high importance to the most critical elements, motion information is used to locate motion salient objects. Toward this end, we propose a motion-augmented module to adaptively aggregate multiple optical flow features, deriving motion saliency maps that can alleviate the unreliable motion problem. Then, these motion saliency maps attend appearance features, yielding motion-augmented features. Further, joining the motion-augmented module and flow layer, we propose a Motion Guided Feature-Augmented Network to learn motion-enhanced features. Experiments on two challenging action recognition benchmarks verify that the motion-augmented module can locate salient objects that are relevant to actions, and the proposed network can achieve the competitive performance with state-of-the-art methods.
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4,999
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Please write an abstract with title: Thermal and Thermomechanical Investigations of Power Semiconductor Pre-Packages, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Thermal expansion, Silicon carbide, Thermal resistance, Thermomechanical processes, Electronic packaging thermal management, Coolants. Abstract: Embedding power semiconductor devices in prepackages facilitates low-inductive power semiconductor module designs with superior thermal performance and reliability. As thermal, electrical, and mechanical material properties must be considered, the design of power semiconductor packages is a multi-objective optimization problem. On the one hand, thermomechanical stress formation due to differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of components must be minimized to achieve long lifetimes. On the other hand, the thermal resistance between junction and coolant must be minimized to efficiently cool the semiconductor devices during operation. We present a parametric study of pre-package designs considering both thermal and mechanical properties. Our study builds up on previous investigations in which we have demonstrated how patterning and CTE-matching of contacts can efficiently reduce thermomechanical stresses in power semiconductor pre-packages. In this work, we also consider the heat transfer from junction to coolant in single- and double-side cooled variants of power semiconductor module based on prepackaged SiC MOSFETs.
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