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Please write an abstract with title: Motion Detection Based on Local Variation of Spatiotemporal Texture, and key words: Motion detection, Spatiotemporal phenomena, Video compression, Computational Intelligence Society, Object detection, Colored noise, Algorithm design and analysis, Discrete wavelet transforms, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Image motion analysis. Abstract: In this paper we propose to use local variation of spatiotemporal texture vectors for motion detection. The local variation is defined as the largest eigenvalue component of spatiotemporal (sp) texture vectors in certain time window at each location in a video plane. Sp texture vectors are computed using a dimensionality reduction technique applied to spatiotemporal (3D) blocks. They provide a compact vector representation of texture and motion patterns for each block. The fact that we go away from the standard input of pixel values and instead base the motion detection on sp texture of 3D blocks, significantly improves the quality of motion detection. This is particularly relevant for infrared videos, where pixel values have smaller range than in daylight color or gray level videos.
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5,201
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Please write an abstract with title: High power supply reliability enables Shanghai’s outstanding global urban development, and key words: Power supplies, Companies, Maintenance engineering, Predictive models, Market research, Power grids, Power system reliability. Abstract: The safe and reliable power supply of grid is an important responsibility entrusted to power companies by state and people [1] - [2]. Since reliable power supply is vital, safe, stable, high-quality and reliable power supply is the basic demand for people pursuing a better life, as well as the most direct manifestation of people seeking happiness, together with the original intention and goal of grid construction and development.In 2019, State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company competes with Tokyo and strives to create a world-class urban power grid [3] - [5]. It deepens the integration of Yangtze River Delta, compiling and implementing the "Special Project for Urban Power Supply Reliability Improvement". With the leading concept of innovation, management outlining, technology development as starting point, Shanghai implements planned power outage management and control, promoting non-blackout operations, guaranteeing equipment operation and maintenance quality, together with the application of intelligent monitoring and other means to achieve full realm power supply reliable rate exceeding 99.99% for the first time, which makes a historical leap in China.This article starts with the completion and trend of Shanghai power supply reliability indicators in recent years. It conducts a detailed analysis of indicators and the causes of power outage responsibilities, combined with the development of non-blackout operations, analyzing the types of operations that have been carried out and the reasons for those not. It makes full use of information technology to predict risk points and achieves precise operation and maintenance of distribution network.Combining with the trend of future power supply reliability development, this paper puts forward suggestions for the establishment of power supply reliability management models and management system that conforms Shanghai international metropolis characteristics
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Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Multidimensional Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Multimodal Fusion, and key words: Kernel, Network topology, Three-dimensional displays, Convolutional neural networks, Two dimensional displays, Streaming media, Topology. Abstract: The Hybrid Multidimensional Deep Convolutional Neural Network (HMDCNN) topology for the multimodal recognition of the speech, the face, the lips, and human gestures behavior is proposed. In this case a hybridization is understood to be compatible use of 2D and 3D convolutional neural networks in one multimodal architecture. Conducted researches relate to improving the understanding of complex dynamic scenes. The basic unit of the proposed hybrid system is deep neural network topology, which combines 2D and 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) for each modality with proposed intermediate-level feature fusion subsystem. Such a feature map fusion method is based on scaling procedure with a specific combination of pooling operation with non-square kernels and allows merging different type of modalities.
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5,203
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Please write an abstract with title: A Classification Approach to Recognize the Firing of Spinal Motoneurons in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and key words: Manganese, Firing, Computational modeling, Diseases, Extracellular, Support vector machines. Abstract: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects the nervous system causing muscle weakness, paralysis, leading to death. Given that abnormalities in spinal motoneuron (MN) excitability begin long before symptoms manifest, developing an approach that could recognize fluctuations in MN firing could help in early diagnosis of ALS. This paper introduces a machine learning approach to discriminate between ALS and normal MN firing. The approach is based on two electrophysiological markers; namely, spiking latency and the spike-triggered average signal. The method is examined using data generated from a computational model under systematic variation of MN properties. Such variations mimic the differential dynamic changes in cellular properties that different MN types experience during ALS progression. Our results demonstrate the ability of the approach to accurately recognize ALS firing patterns across the spectrum of examined variations in MN properties.Clinical Relevance- These results represent a proof of concept for using the proposed machine-learning approach in early diagnosis of ALS.
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Please write an abstract with title: Semi-custom design of adiabatic adder circuits, and key words: Adders, Logic circuits, Clocks, Switches, Film bulk acoustic resonators, Circuit simulation, Switching circuits, Frequency, Very large scale integration, Voltage. Abstract: The paper presents the design, evaluation and performance comparison of cell based, low power adiabatic adder circuits operated by two-phase sinusoidal power clock signals, as against the literatures providing the operation of various adiabatic circuits, focusing on inverter circuits and logic gates, powered by ramp, three phase and four phase clock signals. The cells are designed for the quasi-adiabatic families, namely, 2N2P, 2N2N2P, PFAL, ADSL and IPGL for configuring complex adder circuits. A family of adiabatic cell based designs for carry lookahead adders and tree adders were designed. The simulations prove that the cell based design of tree adder circuits can save energy ranging from 2 to 100 over a frequency range of operation of 2MHz to 200MHz against the static CMOS circuit implementation. The schematic edit and T-Spice of Tanner tools formed the simulation environment.
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Please write an abstract with title: An Information-Theoretic Analysis of the Impact of Task Similarity on Meta-Learning, and key words: Training, Loss measurement, Data models, Task analysis, Information theory. Abstract: Meta-learning aims at optimizing the hyperparameters of a model class or training algorithm from the observation of data from a number of related tasks. Following the setting of Baxter [1], the tasks are assumed to belong to the same task environment, which is defined by a distribution over the space of tasks and by per-task data distributions. The statistical properties of the task environment thus dictate the similarity of the tasks. The goal of the meta-learner is to ensure that the hyperparameters obtain a small loss when applied for training of a new task sampled from the task environment. The difference between the resulting average loss, known as meta-population loss, and the corresponding empirical loss measured on the available data from related tasks, known as meta-generalization gap, is a measure of the generalization capability of the meta-learner. In this paper, we present novel information-theoretic bounds on the average absolute value of the meta-generalization gap. Unlike prior work [2], our bounds explicitly capture the impact of task relatedness, the number of tasks, and the number of data samples per task on the meta-generalization gap. Task similarity is gauged via the Kullback-Leibler (KL) and Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergences. We illustrate the proposed bounds on the example of ridge regression with meta-learned bias.
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Please write an abstract with title: An Empirical Study of Web Interface Design on Small Display Devices, and key words: Computer displays, Design methodology, Personal digital assistants, Optimization methods, Internet, Computer science, Computer interfaces, Cellular phones, Bandwidth, Human computer interaction. Abstract: This paper reports an empirical study that explores the problem of finding a highly-efficient, user-friendly interface design method on small display devices. We compared three models using our PDA interface simulator: presentation optimization method, semantic conversion method, and zooming method. A controlled experiment has been carried out to identify the pros and cons of each method. The results show that of the three interface methods, the zooming method is slightly better than the semantic conversion method, while they both outperform the optimizing presentation method.
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5,207
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Please write an abstract with title: Retrieving event-based semantics from images, and key words: Image retrieval, Ontologies, Image analysis, Feature extraction, Lakes, Information retrieval, Spatiotemporal phenomena, Information analysis, Object detection, Shape. Abstract: This paper discusses the semantic retrieval of image features that capture dynamic aspects or events. Even a single image can demonstrate evidence of dynamic activity. The ability to classify events from one or more images provides a foundation for ultimately extending the capabilities for feature extraction based on real-world happenings. This ability improves a user's knowledge base and provides insights into a range of possible events that are associated with an image including evidence of unexpected or novel events. In this paper, we describe the requirements for ontologies that support images containing events. Images, as snapshots of dynamic occurrences, require extended ontologies that include event classes and relations. Semantics associated with events give rise to a categorization of image events that can augment image ontology as well as serve as a foundation for event-based querying of images. Categories of image events include: activity-based events, such as blocking and facilitating events; events that are initiating or terminating; events that relate to changes experienced by objects, including appearance, disappearance, and metamorphose events, as well as unexpected events.
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Please write an abstract with title: Single camera stereo using planar parallel plate, and key words: Cameras, Optical filters, Layout, Mirrors, Optical sensors, Optical refraction, Optical variables control, Calibration, Optical arrays, Lighting control. Abstract: A system of using a planar parallel plate to achieve single camera stereo has been proposed by Nishimoto and Shirai (Feb. 1987). Their work was based on an assumption that the optical axis of the camera was equally displaced by a tilted planar plate with two fixed tilt angles. Such assumption is invalid in general. We propose a general framework to more accurately model such a single camera system using a planar parallel plate and to deal with arbitrary orientation of the plate. Our model has no limitation on the FOV of the camera. The proposed framework includes: a mathematical formulation to calculate the displacement of scene points; a plate calibration method to determine the plate intrinsic parameters as well as its extrinsic pose, and a generalized correspondence method which is capable of dealing with arbitrary number of images captured from different plate poses. Experimental result is included to validate the proposed framework.
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5,209
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Please write an abstract with title: A Splitting-Detection Joint-Decision Receiver for Ultrasonic Intra-Body Communications, and key words: Channel capacity, Simulation, Receivers, Medical services, Attenuation, Acoustics, Safety. Abstract: Ultrasonic intra-body communication (IBC) is a promising enabling technology for many future healthcare applications, due to the low attenuation and medical safety of ultrasonic waves for human body. This paper proposes a splitting-detection joint-decision (SDJD) receiver structure for ultrasonic pulse-based IBCs. The core idea is to split the received signal into two steams for the coherent-detection (CD) and energy detection (ED), and then the two detection outputs are summed up as joint decision variables to estimate the received signals. The theoretical channel capacity and bit-error rate (BER) expressions are derived, considering receive noise, tissue attenuation, and channel fading in intra-body channels. Both simulation and theoretical results show that the SDJD receiver outperforms the pure CD, ED, and splitting-detection separate-decision receivers in terms of BER performance. In addition, the proposed receiver has a low complexity requirement on the hardware and decision algorithm. Therefore, SDJD is an important structure to receive signals correctly and efficiently for ultrasonic IBCs.
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of Harris Hawks Optimization to Solve LFC Issues in Solar Based Unified System, and key words: Power engineering, Perturbation methods, Loading, Control systems, Optimization, Frequency control. Abstract: This paper illustrates the Load Frequency Control of solar-thermal system by applying PID and 1 plus fractional order integral-derivative (1-FOID) controller. A new evolutionary technique called Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) is applied. For getting a better result a perturbation of 0.01 p.u. in area-1 has been applied. This research suggests that 1 plus fractional order integral-derivative (1-FOID) controller performs better performance as compared to previously connected PID controller. HHOtuned1-FOID controller regulates the system frequency during alteration in system load condition. A better result of applied technique is confirmed by enhancing the loading in the control area 1.
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Please write an abstract with title: Study of Waveform Recovery by Deconvolution using Simulated Hydrophone, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Extrapolation, Deconvolution, Sensitivity, Ultrasonic variables measurement, Instruments, Sonar equipment. Abstract: In the measurement of acoustic pressure from medical ultrasonic instruments with a hydrophone, waveform recovery by deconvolution based on a wide-band calibration of the hydrophone has been proposed. To study the deconvolution method, we numerically simulated a hydrophone as well as a nonlinearly propagated focused ultrasonic wave to be received by the hydrophone. Deconvolution with a proper extrapolation of the pressure to voltage sensitivity in frequency domain perfectly recovered the pressure waveform except for a small vicinity of the positive peak, while scaling by the sensitivity at the primary frequency overestimated both negative and positive peak pressures about 5%. Deconvolution underestimated the positive peak pressure by 0-8%, which decreased monotonously as the frequency to start extrapolation increased above 4 times the primary frequency.
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Please write an abstract with title: Wide-angle Scanning Metasurface-Enhanced Array for Next-Generation Communications, and key words: 5G mobile communication, Impedance matching, Meetings, Impedance, Numerical stability, Next generation networking, Antenna arrays. Abstract: The problem of synthesizing a slant +/-45 [deg] dual-polarization waveguide array with wide scan capabilities for 5G applications is addressed in this work. The exploitation of an advanced low-profile wide-angle impedance matching (WAIM) superstrate is considered to achieve such a goal, and an innovative system-by-design (SbD)-inspired strategy is customized to the solution of the arising synthesis problem. The results of an extensive full-wave numerical validation are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the resulting arrangement in terms of scan range, impedance and gain stability, and port isolation.
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Please write an abstract with title: Mode Losses in Waveguide FAR-Infrared Lasers, and key words: Waveguide lasers, Laser theory, Pump lasers, Laser modes, Optical waveguide theory, Optical losses, Optical resonators. Abstract: The mode losses in hollow-circular waveguide resonators for far-infrared lasers are studied. Theoretical formalisms have been developed for the waveguide resonator which consists of both dielectric and metallic tubes with dielectric films and metallic grids deposited on mirrors and waveguide walls. Both propagation loss and the coupling loss for low-loss modes, circular magnetic and electric modes, and hybrid modes are investigated theoretically. A computer program was written to solve the equations numerically.
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5,214
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Please write an abstract with title: What Are Key Mechanisms for Adaptive Wall-Bouncing Control?, and key words: Programmable control, Adaptive control, Robot kinematics, Robot sensing systems, Rhythm, Oscillators, Timing, Neurons, Monitoring, Information processing. Abstract: This paper describes the architecture for rhythmic movement generation suited to a juggling-like task involving sensory-motor coordination. Our approach, which is interpreted as a "bidirectional weak coupling" to the environment, does not require continuously monitoring the environment, but can adapt a robot to the change of the environment, owing to the interaction between the robot and the environment at the ball contact. The proposed architecture consists of three mechanisms, which are the "entrainment mechanism," the "discrete feedback mechanism", and the "open loop stable mechanism". Coexistence and redundancy of these different mechanisms guarantee a faster recovery after a disturbance, and a strong stability of the whole system
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5,215
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Please write an abstract with title: Exponential Signal Reconstruction With Deep Hankel Matrix Factorization, and key words: Time-domain analysis, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Damping, Image reconstruction, Neural networks, Matrix converters, Data acquisition. Abstract: Exponential function is a basic form of temporal signals, and how to fast acquire this signal is one of the fundamental problems and frontiers in signal processing. To achieve this goal, partial data may be acquired but result in severe artifacts in its spectrum, which is the Fourier transform of exponentials. Thus, reliable spectrum reconstruction is highly expected in the fast data acquisition in many applications, such as chemistry, biology, and medical imaging. In this work, we propose a deep learning method whose neural network structure is designed by imitating the iterative process in the model-based state-of-the-art exponentials’ reconstruction method with the low-rank Hankel matrix factorization. With the experiments on synthetic data and realistic biological magnetic resonance signals, we demonstrate that the new method yields much lower reconstruction errors and preserves the low-intensity signals much better than compared methods.
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5,216
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Please write an abstract with title: A low jitter, fast recoverable, fully analog DLL using tracking ADC for high speed and low stand-by power DDR I/O interface, and key words: Jitter, Clocks, Delay lines, Tracking loops, Voltage control, Bandwidth, Analog-digital conversion, Filters, Thin film transistors, Research and development. Abstract: For high bandwidth and low stand-by power DDR (Double Data Rate) I/O interface, a new fully analog DLL (Delay Locked Loop) are designed and implemented in 0.16 /spl mu/m DRAM process. Utilizing a tracking ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), a large stand-by current of the analog DLL is suppressed without losing locking information nor compromising jitter performance. Two-step duty correction scheme using multiphase clocks and phase mixing corrects an inherent duty-error of a system clock with more precision and speed, especially for a large duty-error. Proposed DLL has a 100 MHz/spl sim/520 MHz wide lock-range and a 65 psec peak-to-peak jitter and 0.064 psec/mv supply sensitivity at 2.3 v supply voltage consuming 1.1 mA of stand-by current.
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5,217
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and Development of Machine Learning Techniques for Disease Prediction, and key words: COVID-19, Support vector machines, Radio frequency, Predictive models, Data models, Machine learning, Viruses (medical), Pandemcis, Deep learning, Coronaviruses, Vaccines, Supervised learning, Reinforcement learning, Training data. Abstract: Machine Learning is ever advancing field and as more and more research is being done in the field, more applications are being developed for this field and it is now being used in all fields. Also, nowadays people are facing multiples diseases posing danger to human life. This prompted researchers to critically analyse and work to apply Machine learning in the use of prediction of these diseases and using this analysis to assist the medical industry. The idea is to find various datasets of different Diseases like Dengue, Covid-19. Perform analysis on the datasets of these diseases to understand more about them and how much they affect us. There are various models available like KNN, SVM, etc. The task is to work with different models and find out how they perform with data of different diseases and which models are most affective and accurate.
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5,218
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Please write an abstract with title: Very Weak Isolated Microhydro Grid Effects on Electric Cooking in Nepal, and key words: Microhydro power, Power system reliability, Maintenance engineering, Time-frequency analysis, Turbines, Generators, Frequency control. Abstract: Simli is a village of 450 households with a minigrid supplied solely by a 29kW microhydro system. The very weak grid performance during the dry season is presented and the interactions between energy use and grid operating practices are investigated. The results are given for eight households, trialling four types of electric cookers, in order to reduce firewood use. There is considerable interaction between the electric cookers and the power system. The effects of the power system and the electric stoves on the cooking preferences is also revealed. The addition of electric stoves during the evening cooking hours lead to an increase in the frequency of short power outages causing major interruptions while cooking.
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5,219
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Please write an abstract with title: Modeling of long-time thermal magnetization decay in interacting granular magnetic materials, and key words: Magnetization, Magnetic materials, Energy barrier, Kinetic theory, Multidimensional systems, Monte Carlo methods, Temperature, Stochastic systems, Frequency, Thermal force. Abstract: We present a general method to evaluate the long-time magnetization decay in granular magnetic systems. The method is based on Arrhenius-Neel kinetics with the evaluation of the energy barriers in a multidimensional space. To establish a possible reversal mode, we suggest the use of Metropolis Monte Carlo and for the mode statistical sampling-the kinetic Monte Carlo criteria. The examples considered include long-time magnetization decay in CoCrPt low-magnetization longitudinal recording media and in a collection of Co particles with different concentrations.
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5,220
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Please write an abstract with title: 3D vision system for spherical objects using highlight patterns, and key words: Machine vision, Cameras, Light sources, Coordinate measuring machines, Coaxial components, Optical reflection, Lighting, Stimulated emission, Position measurement, Lenses. Abstract: This paper describes a 3D vision system for glossy spherical objects using highlight patterns formed by specular reflection on surfaces of the objects. This system consists of two optical sets including a camera and a point light source, and an image processor. From the highlight patterns, 3D coordinates of the central position and the radius of the objects can be measured by this system. The basic performances of this system are proved by experiments.
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5,221
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Please write an abstract with title: Substance, Emotional and Non-Emotional Content of Online Review Influence on Purchase Decisions in Indonesian E-Commerce, and key words: Computer science, Analytical models, Companies, Mathematical models, Data models, Electronic commerce, Information systems. Abstract: E-commerce is an online-based platform that facilitates interaction between store sellers and product buyers, where each seller can provide various types of products to be marketed. In every shopping transaction in e-commerce, there is a feature, namely online reviews that e-commerce users use to view the product reviews that have been purchased by previous customers. Online reviews in e-commerce are viewed as an important source of information that allows online shoppers to assess the quality of a product before shopping. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine how the substance, emotional, and non-emotional content of online reviews influence a customer's purchase decision in Indonesian e-commerce. This study included quantitative methods with data collected by 681 respondents. The reference e-commerce includes the five most popular e-commerce platforms in Indonesia. The data collected were analyzed using Covariance Based Structural Equation Modeling. This study found that substance, emotional and nonemotional content of online reviews influence purchase decisions. The results of this study indicate that there are highly influential research variables, namely perceived credibility, and providing rewards to the users who have written online reviews could significantly influence purchase decisions. This study can provide guidance to e-commerce companies to pay more attention to the quality of online reviews that they have because it can influence customer purchase decisions.
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5,222
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Please write an abstract with title: Accurate Retrieval of Antenna Patterns in Reflective Environments Via the Test-Zone Field-Compensation Technique, and key words: Antenna measurements, Uncertainty, Azimuth, Metals, Position measurement, Reflector antennas, Transceivers. Abstract: Countless degrees of freedom in the design of antenna test ranges are enabled if the measurement errors caused by the environment can be precisely compensated. Measurements in highly reflective measurement chambers and with broadband feeds or probes are possible since the quality of the test zone is not essential anymore. To create a reflective environment, a metal plate is installed in an anechoic chamber and a base transceiver station antenna is characterized with and without the additional scattering source at a frequency of 2.11 G Hz. To compensate for the undesired signals, the field of the test zone is measured on a spherical surface using a scanning arm. Via a wave expansion of the field and the antenna under test into spherical mode coefficients, the undesired signals are compensated. It is shown that the error of the compensated pattern compared with the undistorted measurements is mainly below -30 dB and that the directivity is retrieved with a difference of only 0.011 dB.
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5,223
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Please write an abstract with title: Applications of generalized RBF-NN for path loss prediction, and key words: Predictive models, Loss measurement, Radial basis function networks, Propagation losses, Neural networks, Error correction, Performance evaluation, Cities and towns, Measurement standards, Root mean square. Abstract: This paper presents the results of the generalized radial basis function neural networks applications for the prediction of propagation path loss in urban and suburban environment. We have studied two types of neural network based models; the first one is used for path loss prediction while the second one is a hybrid prediction model based on error control. The performances of the neural models are compared to the path loss values measured in the city of Kavala and in Oia village on Santorini Island, Greece, based on the absolute mean error, standard deviation and root mean square error between predicted and measured values.
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5,224
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Please write an abstract with title: A survey of Mobility management for mobile networks supporting LEO satellite access, and key words: 6G mobile communication, Space vehicles, Satellites, Low earth orbit satellites, Network architecture, Routing, Market research. Abstract: The integration of space, aerial and terrestrial access is an important feature of the future 6G network, and it is also one of the development trends of the current mobile network. In particular, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite has the advantages of high bandwidth, low delay and wide coverage, which can be a powerful supplement to the current mobile access method. However, the ultra-high mobility of LEO satellite brings severe challenges to the mobility management of legacy mobile networks. This paper first introduces the mobile network architecture supporting satellite access, then presents the main mobility management methods in the current IP network, and analyzes the pros and cons of various methods respectively. Then, we makes a comprehensive analysis on the mobility management methods of 5G mobile network, and puts forward the optimization idea of mobility management of satellite access, After that, we analyzes the two mobility schemes of satellite access proposed by 3GPP in SAT_ARCH project. Finally, the future research direction of mobility management of subsequent satellite access mobile network are discussed.
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5,225
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Please write an abstract with title: Constant envelope multi-carrier modulation, and key words: Continuous phase modulation, Discrete cosine transforms, Intersymbol interference, Multipath channels, Phase detection, AWGN channels, Error probability, Binary phase shift keying, Fading, OFDM. Abstract: A constant envelope multi-carrier modulation scheme is proposed that combines DCT (discrete cosine transform) based multi-carrier modulation and continuous phase modulation (CPM) with the objective of producing a constant envelope waveform. Guard interval and frequency-domain equalization are used to remove ISI on frequency-selective multipath channels. Phase detection and correction is implemented with oversampling. On the AWGN channel, error probability performance is also given and compared with that of BPSK. Simulation results are presented on a multipath fading channel to compare its performance with that of OFDM.
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5,226
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Please write an abstract with title: GIS-based waste-to-energy and improved solid waste management practices for waste collection in Lahore – An approach towards sustainability, and key words: Waste management, Waste materials, Urban areas, Sociology, Production, Water pollution, Statistics. Abstract: Rapidly growing urbanization and industrialization make up many challenges for waste management bodies and energy demand to progress, leading to Pakistan being an energy-demanding country. Currently, Pakistan is mostly dependent upon nonrenewable sources, which are costly. The rapid population growth increased the municipal solid waste (SW) products that lead to many waste management problems, i.e., the requirement of an effective waste collection system and waste disposal facilities. Thus, the purpose of the study is to propose a solution for the issues, i.e., to improve the municipal solid waste disposal system by digitizing through GIS, to recommend an appropriate point of WTE plant, to suggest a suitable re-routing network through state-of-art sensors for accessible data collection online, and to optimize the existing landfill sites for improved management and handling of SW for the Lahore city.
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5,227
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Please write an abstract with title: Pixon-based image segmentation with Markov random fields, and key words: Image segmentation, Markov random fields, Image restoration, Image texture analysis, Computational efficiency, Image processing, Laboratories, Pattern recognition, Automation, Kernel. Abstract: Image segmentation is an essential processing step for many image analysis applications. We propose a novel pixon-based adaptive scale method for image segmentation. The key idea of our approach is that a pixon-based image model is combined with a Markov random field (MRF) model under a Bayesian framework. We introduce a new pixon scheme that is more suitable for image segmentation than the "fuzzy" pixon scheme. The anisotropic diffusion equation is successfully used to form the pixons in our new pixon scheme. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm performs fairly well and computational costs decrease dramatically compared with the pixel-based MRF algorithm.
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5,228
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Please write an abstract with title: Concepts for abstracting away object reification at the level of platform independent models (PIMs), and key words: Object oriented modeling, Programming, Unified modeling language, Software systems, Context modeling, Conferences, Computer science, Computer architecture, Process design, Software quality. Abstract: The object-oriented software development process is composed of a number of subprocesses, namely analysis, design, implementation and verification. In model driven architecture (MDA) the result of analysis are platform independent models (PIM). Platform specific models (PSM) are derived from the PIMs via transformations, representing the design phase. We observe a lack of expressiveness of the concepts at the higher levels of abstraction (base PIMs), forcing developers to take, or at least suggest, technical decisions too early in the development process. Reification is a technique often used in the analysis phase to hide this flaw, but suggests the use of objects to represent certain artefacts. We propose an extension of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and the Object Constraint Language (OCL) to prevent the need of reification in base PIMs to model these artefacts. We further show how these base PIMs can be transformed into different, less abstract PIMs.
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5,229
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Please write an abstract with title: Hardware Acceleration of Transformer Networks using FPGAs, and key words: Performance evaluation, Computational modeling, Bit error rate, Computer architecture, Organizations, Transformers, Natural language processing. Abstract: Natural Language Processing (NLP) allows program computers to process and analyze large amounts of natural language data. In the last few years, NLP has shown tremendous growth, with many organizations presenting models such as BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers), GPT2 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2), GPT3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3), etc. The cornerstone of these models and the reason for the growth of the NLP is mainly due to the Transformer networks. However, very few architectures have been presented, for the acceleration of the Transformer networks using FPGAs. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for Transformer Networks optimized on FPGAs. The performance evaluation on a Xilinx Alveo U200 FPGA achieved up to 80.5x speed-up over a single-core CPU and up to 2.3x speedup over a 40-thread Xeon CPU running BERT model.
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5,230
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Please write an abstract with title: Vehicle Position and Context Detection Using V2V Communication, and key words: Vehicular ad hoc networks, Sensors, Neural networks, Global Positioning System, Accidents, Sensor systems, Prediction algorithms, Remotely guided vehicles, Road traffic. Abstract: A pre-crash detection and warning system in a host vehicle needs to accurately determine the position of each remote vehicle in its vicinity and the context of the driving environment. ADAS (Advanced driver-assistance systems) have extensively used camera radar and LIDAR for automatic detection of vehicles, pedestrians and other road users and their behaviors. However, these vehicle-resident sensors have short operation ranges and require objects to be within the line-of-sight. V2V communication has emerged to be a promising technology to augment vehicle-resident sensors with extended ability of an overall vehicle safety system by addressing a broader range of crash scenarios with improved warning timing. In this paper we present an intelligent system, Geo+NN, developed using the synergy of neural network and geometric modeling. We extract the key geometric features using an analytic geometric model and use them as input to a neural network that is trained on real-world V2V signals to detect and predict remote vehicles’ positions. Geo+NN system is evaluated on V2V communication data recorded during real-world driving trips by vehicles installed with DSRC devices. Experimental results show that Geo+NN has the capabilities of effectively detecting and predicting remote vehicles within the context of 8 different positions.
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5,231
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Please write an abstract with title: Non-RAM-based architectural designs of wavelet-based digital systems based on novel nonlinear I/O data space transformations, and key words: Digital systems, Wavelet analysis, Multidimensional systems, Application software, Random access memory, Data preprocessing, Algorithm design and analysis, Application specific integrated circuits, Multiprocessing systems, Computer vision. Abstract: The designs of application specific integrated circuits and/or multiprocessor systems are usually required in order to improve the performance of multidimensional applications such as digital-image processing and computer vision. Wavelet-based algorithms have been found promising among these applications due to the features of hierarchical signal analysis and multiresolution analysis. Because of the large size of multidimensional input data, off-chip random access memory (RAM) based systems have ever been necessary for calculating algorithms in these applications, where either memory address pointers or data preprocessing and rearrangements in off-chip memories are employed. This paper establishes and follows novel concepts in data dependence analysis for generalized and arbitrarily multidimensional wavelet-based algorithms, i.e., the wavelet-adjacent field and the super wavelet-dependence vector. Based on them, a series of novel nonlinear I/O data space transformations for variable localization and dependence graph regularization for wavelet algorithms is proposed. It leads to general designs of non-RAM-based architectures for wavelet-based algorithms where off-chip communications for intermediate calculation results are eliminated without preprocessing or rearranging input data.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Delay-Tolerant Data Transmission Scheme for Internet of Vehicles Based on Software Defined Cloud-Fog Networks, and key words: Cloud computing, Edge computing, Delays, Computer architecture, Data communication, Energy consumption. Abstract: The low-latency advantages of fog computing can be applied to solve high transmission latency problems of many network architectures in Internet of Vehicles. Therefore, this paper studies the application of fog computing in Internet of Vehicles. Considering that the fog network equipment deployed in Internet of Vehicles is relatively scattered, a new network architecture is proposed, which integrates cloud computing, fog computing and software defined network and other technologies. The proposed framework uses software defined network to centrally control fog network and obtains equipment performance of fog network. Furthermore, the optimal load balancing strategy is developed by communication overhead and other information. Based on time delay modeling of fog network, we study the time delay modeling of cloud-fog network and the energy consumption modeling of fog network. In addition, this paper models the selection process of data transmission network and data calculation execution server of delay-tolerant data as a partially observable Markov decision process optimization strategy in software defined Internet of Vehicles. By observing the state of system, current storage makes optimal decisions on data transmission and selection of computing nodes, thereby minimizing system overhead. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce transmission delay and system overhead, improve data calculation efficiency.
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Please write an abstract with title: 3D visualization to support airport security operations, and key words: Visualization, Airports, Computational modeling, National security, Computer security, Application software, Inspection, Programming profession, Computer simulation, Automatic voltage control. Abstract: In the summer of 2000, the National Safe Skies Alliance awarded a project to the Applied Visualization Center at the University of Tennessee to develop a 3D computer tool to assist the US Federal Aviation Administration security group, now the Transportation Security Administration, in evaluating new equipment and procedures to improve airport checkpoint security. At the time of this writing, numerous detection equipment models, three specific airports, and a placement and passenger flow simulation tool for airport security planners have been developed. Similar tools have been constructed for simulating cargo/baggage inspection and other airport security operations. An extension of the original effort to consolidate the tools is currently underway.
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5,234
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Please write an abstract with title: On the Frequency Reconfigurability of a Square Microstrip Patch Antenna With a Fractal Ground Plane, and key words: PIN photodiodes, Patch antennas, Resonant frequency, Microstrip antennas, Switches, Signal processing, Fractals. Abstract: In the present work, a compact Square Microstrip Patch Antenna (SMPA) is reconfigured in frequency. The switching element used for antenna reconfiguration is a single PIN diode modeled on High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. The ON/OFF switching configurations of the diode make the antenna capable of resonating at three different frequencies in the C-band (4–8 GHz): 5.3 GHz and 7.2 GHz in the OFF state and 6.3 GHz in the ON state. Inclusion of square fractal slots on the ground plane of the SMPA lead to considerable improvement in bandwidth.
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Please write an abstract with title: A miniaturized slot ring antenna for RFID applications, and key words: Slot antennas, Radiofrequency identification, Frequency, Geometry, Microstrip antennas, Antenna measurements, Microwave antennas, Fractal antennas, Wire, Antenna feeds. Abstract: The paper presents the design of a miniaturized slot ring antenna for RFID applications. In order to obtain an antenna of reduced size, the Minkowski fractal island shaping is applied. In the presented design, a 40% antenna size reduction is obtained using the second fractal iteration. Calculated and measured results for the first two fractal iterations are given. The measured performance of the developed antennas shows high potential for RFID applications, where small size of an RF tag system is of key importance.
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Please write an abstract with title: Beyond Normal Distribution: More Factual Feature Generation Network for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning, and key words: Visualization, Feature extraction, Training data, Semantics, Prototypes, Learning systems, Generative adversarial networks, Learning systems. Abstract: Due to the prosperous development of generative models, research works have achieved great success on the generalized zero-shot learning (GZSL) task. In most generative methods of GZSL, researchers try to utilize attributes and normally distributed noise to generate visual features, which ignores whether the normal distribution can perfectly represent all categories. Therefore, in this article, we exploit variational auto-encoders (VAE) and visual features to generate image-level noise that can preserve class-level characteristics in more detail and propose a mechanism called more factual generative network (MFGN) to achieve more authentic generative process. In other words, it is to transfer the seen feature distribution to the unseen domains and regulate the knowledge to correct the generation of unseen samples. Extensive experiments are conducted on four popular datasets and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed work.
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Please write an abstract with title: Optical data buses for automotive applications, and key words: Data buses, Automotive applications, Optical polymers, Optical interconnections, Physical layer, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Automobiles, Optical devices, Organic light emitting diodes, Optical fibers. Abstract: Optical data links and bus systems are becoming increasingly attractive for automobiles. In 1998, a first optical data bus system, based on polymer optical fibers and visible light-emitting diodes was introduced in Mercedes-Benz cars to interconnect information and entertainment devices within the passenger compartment. Since 2002, media-oriented system transport (MOST) is the standard for an optical infotainment data bus system in the automotive industry. However, with increasing demands on network flexibility, robustness, safety-relevant functions, and data rate, the currently used technologies reach their limit. A new physical layer, based on 200-/spl mu/m polymer-cladded silica fibers and infrared-emitting vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, is a promising solution. This paper provides an overview about the state-of-the-art physical layer of standard MOST data bus systems, shows its limitations, and presents new optical-physical-layer concepts for next-generation data bus systems in cars.
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Please write an abstract with title: An Approach to Follow Microservices Principles in Frontend, and key words: Architecture, Microservices, Micro-frontend, Technological heterogeneity. Abstract: Software development practices have evolved rapidly, seeking more flexible and reusable architectures. Microservices technology is an example of this, with its principles of technological independence and heterogeneity. These principles can be extended to the concept of micro-frontends, which proposes to divide the interface, allowing each team to work independently. This article presents an architecture that uses components developed in multiple frontend frameworks, aiming to make the workflow more independent and modular. The proposed architecture was evaluated in a prototype developed at the Animal Health Defense Platform of Rio Grande do Sul, which successfully integrated components from different frameworks.
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5,239
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Please write an abstract with title: Frequency response power function of PWM DC/DC converter. I, and key words: Frequency response, Pulse width modulation, Pulse width modulation converters, DC-DC power converters, Power system modeling, Sensitivity analysis, Frequency measurement, Frequency conversion, Sampling methods, Frequency estimation. Abstract: Frequency response characterization is a principal tool for sensitivity analysis of an open loop and closed loop stable system. The small signal average and classical sampled-data models are suitable ways of measuring the sensitivity of a converter system at low frequencies. However they are not a suitable means of characterizing a system when there is a significant amplitude of ripple in the system output and also the validity of the model is limited to half of the sampling frequency. After an introduction to the notion of frequency response of a lifted system, we introduce the idea of frequency response power function for the time lifted system. The frequency response power function provides an extended means to characterize a system with large ripples. We then develop the expressions for estimating the frequency response power function of an open and closed loop converter system. Several examples have been given to demonstrate the advantages of the present notion of frequency response power function.
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Please write an abstract with title: Variants of Equalization of Torques in Multi Motor Electric Drives, and key words: Shafts, Motor drives, Torque, Torque control, Industrial engineering, Converters, Manufacturing. Abstract: The paper is about the problem of load distribution in multi motor electro drives, where the torques from two or more motors are summarized on the common shaft or the common load. The motors usually are the same type and power and the common load torque is to be distributed among motors equally. But in practice load torque is distributed unequally due to motor parameters inequality and special measures are to be taken for equal distribution. Some ways to achieve equal torque distribution are possible. It may be active torque control all operating time of drive, or it may be efforts to make mechanical characteristics to be near to each other. It may be done by two parameters, or by only one parameter for simplification. The usability of this simplified way is discussed in the paper.
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Please write an abstract with title: Detailed heat generation simulations via the Monte Carlo method, and key words: Phonons, Optical scattering, Brillouin scattering, Acoustic scattering, Silicon, Electron optics, Heating, Energy exchange, Stimulated emission, Optical microscopy. Abstract: As current device technologies advance into the sub-continuum regime, they operate at length scales on the order of the electron and phonon mean free path. The ballistic conditions lead to strong non-equilibrium at nanometer length scales. The electron-phonon interaction is not energetically or spatially uniform and the generated phonons have widely varying contributions to heat transport. This work examines the microscopic details of Joule heating in bulk silicon with Monte Carlo simulations including acoustic and optical phonon dispersion. The approach provides an engineering tool for electro-thermal analysis of future nano-devices.
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Please write an abstract with title: Wireless Power Transmission Efficiency of Rectenna Array Connected in Parallel, and key words: Analytical models, Rectennas, Snow, Radio transmitters, Rectifiers, Electromagnetic waveguides, Microwave theory and techniques. Abstract: This paper proposes the novel rectenna array connected in parallel. Each rectenna elements have two roles. One method is to produce power by converting the high-frequency current flowing through the antenna into DC current using a rectifier. The other is to make these elements act as parallel connected array antennas. The wireless power transmission efficiency of the proposed array is evaluated by using a left-handed slot waveguide as the power transmitter, which has been proposed for microwave snow melting. The results show that the efficiency is high when the rectenna array is vertically arranged so that the beam faces the end-fire directions. The sum of the efficiencies of the three elements is larger than that of a single element.
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Please write an abstract with title: An Explainable Classifier based on Genetically Evolved Graph Structures, and key words: Knowledge based systems, Evolutionary computation, Genetics, Data models, Classification algorithms, Topology, Data mining. Abstract: Trusting an algorithmic decision is much easier if it is understood how it was achieved. Therefore, data mining algorithms with explainable abilities are preferred over complex models for critical applications. Rule-based algorithms are among the easiest data classification models to understand. However, as most interpretable models, rule-based algorithms do not provide the highest accuracy. The Attribute-based Decision Graph (AbDG) is a model to represent a labeled data set as a weighted graph over the attributes. When associated with a proper algorithm, AbDGs can be used for supervised data mining tasks. An important aspect of AbDGs is that the graph encompasses the original attribute values and their relationships, which makes it easily interpretable by extracting rules. The AbDG drawback is defining a suitable graph structure for a given data set. In previous works, the authors proposed GA-AbDG, a genetic algorithm to search for an AbDG by evolving its edge set, keeping the vertex set fixed. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary algorithm and genetic operators to evolve both, vertex and edge sets, enhancing the search space of possible AbDG structures. Moreover, we associate a rule-based classifier with the AbDG to achieve explainable results. Experimental results show the proposed method outperforms GA-AbDG and five other classical interpretable classification algorithms.
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Please write an abstract with title: On influence of an electrode edge potential upon frequencies of LFE piezoelectric resonators employing thickness-shear vibrations, and key words: Electrodes, Mathematical model, Oscillators, Vibration control, Resonant frequency, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Nonlinear equations, Differential equations, Frequency control, Bandwidth. Abstract: A mathematical model is discussed of the lateral field excited crystal resonator employing thickness-shear vibrations of an even anharmonic mode. The resonator is combined with a convex piezoelectric plate and two one-sided electrodes. The influence of the electrodes edges upon the frequency spectrum is examined by the perturbation theory.
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5,245
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Please write an abstract with title: Semiempirical electromagnetic modeling of crack detection and sizing in cement-based materials using near-field microwave methods, and key words: Electromagnetic modeling, Building materials, Microwave theory and techniques, Dielectric materials, Monitoring, Robustness, Probes, Reflection, Nondestructive testing, Inspection. Abstract: Detection and characterization of cracks in cement-based materials is an integral part of damage evaluation for health monitoring of civil structures. Microwave signals are able to penetrate inside of dielectric materials (e.g., cement-based materials) and are sensitive to local, physical, geometrical, and dielectric variations in a structure. This makes microwave nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) techniques suitable for inspection and health monitoring of civil structures. Near-field microwave NDT&E techniques offer the added advantage of providing high spatial resolution, requiring simple hardware that may be portable, low power, fast, real time, and robust. Additionally, these techniques are noncontact and one-sided. Besides the need for robust detection, electromagnetic modeling of a microwave probe response to a crack is also an important issue. Such a model can be used to obtain optimal measurement parameters and serve as the foundation for extracting important crack information such as its width and depth. In this paper, the utility of open-ended rectangular waveguide probes for detecting surface-breaking cracks in cement-based materials is discussed. Subsequently, the development of a semiempirical model capable of simulating the crack response is presented. The model described here translates the magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient as a function of scanning distance into the complex reflection plane and takes advantage of the common shape of these signals for predicting a similar signal from an unknown crack. Finally, this empirical model is used to estimate crack dimensions from a set of measurements.
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5,246
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Please write an abstract with title: Blind signal separation by matching pursuit based grouping, and key words: Blind source separation, Matching pursuit algorithms, Interference, Dictionaries, Psychology, Clustering algorithms, Signal processing, Psychoacoustic models, Speech enhancement, Production facilities. Abstract: This paper describes a novel matching pursuit based grouping approach for separating a speech signal from a mixture with non-Gaussian interference. At first, the mixture signal is decomposed into atoms by matching pursuit with a Gabor dictionary. Then a psychoacoustic based grouping algorithm is developed to cluster the atoms into groups to identify the atoms of a speech signal. These atoms are then used to reconstruct the desired speech signal. Simulations were performed on speech corrupted by factory noise and music. Preliminary results show that the proposed approach can remove almost all non-speech signal while the recovered speech signal possesses acceptable intelligibility.
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5,247
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Please write an abstract with title: PC37.30.1/D6, Aug 2022 - IEEE Approved Draft Standard Requirements for AC High-Voltage Air Switches Rated Above 1,000 V, and key words: IEEE Standards, High voltage techniques, Switching systems. Abstract: Required ratings, construction requirements, design test requirements, applications, and suggested practices for all high-voltage enclosed indoor and outdoor and non-enclosed indoor and outdoor switches rated above 1000 V are specified. This includes ratings and requirements for such switches as disconnecting, selector, horn-gap, grounding, etc., for manual and power operation, except for interrupter switches, distribution-enclosed single-pole air switches, and distribution cutouts fitted with disconnecting blades.
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5,248
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Please write an abstract with title: Arbitrary optical short pulse generator using a high-resolution arrayed-waveguide grating, and key words: Optical arrays, Pulse generation, Gratings, Optical pulse generation, Phase modulation, Optical modulation, Amplitude modulation, Frequency, Integrated optics, Lighting control. Abstract: We demonstrate an arbitrary optical short pulse generator using a high-resolution arrayed-waveguide grating with integrated 30-ch amplitude/phase modulators. The Gaussian pulse with a repetition rate of 10 GHz is successfully generated at various center frequencies.
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5,249
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Please write an abstract with title: Pipelining saturated accumulation, and key words: Pipeline processing, Throughput, Field programmable gate arrays, Delay, Table lookup, Signal processing, Computer science, Digital signal processing, Application software, Frequency. Abstract: Aggressive pipelining allows FPGAs to achieve high throughput on many digital signal processing applications. However, cyclic data dependencies in the computation can limit pipelining and reduce the efficiency and speed of an FPGA implementation. Saturated accumulation is an important example where such a cycle limits the throughput of signal processing applications. We show how to reformulate saturated addition as an associative operation so that we can use a parallel prefix calculation to perform saturated accumulation at any data rate supported by the device. This allows us, for example, to design a 16-bit saturated accumulator which can operate at 280MHz on a Xilinx Spartan-3 (XC3S-5000-4), the maximum frequency supported by the component's DCM
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5,250
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Please write an abstract with title: 1.6-Tb/s (160 x 10.7 Gb/s) transmission over 4000 km of nonzero dispersion fiber at 25-GHz channel spacing, and key words: Channel spacing, Optical fiber polarization, Wavelength division multiplexing, Stimulated emission, Distributed feedback devices, Arrayed waveguide gratings, Optical noise, Optical modulation, Optical transmitters, Dispersion. Abstract: We report transmission of 1.6 Tb/s (160/spl times/10.7 Gb/s) over 4000 km of nonzero dispersion fiber at 25-GHz channel spacing using 100-km amplified spans. Without polarization interleaving and per-channel post dispersion compensation, all channels have better than 1/spl times/10/sup -4/ bit-error rate, corresponding to error-free performance with forward-error-correction. We present experimental investigation on the transmission impairments and identify potential approaches for performance improvement.
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5,251
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Please write an abstract with title: A channel access protocol for tactical IP networks using software defined VHF radios, and key words: Access protocols, IP networks, Wireless networks, Jamming, Electronic mail, Digital signal processing, Computer industry, Software standards, Internet, Modems. Abstract: Military ad-hoc wireless networks are becoming increasingly common in today's world. Military networks have requirements for security, jamming and spoofing resistance, voice transmissions, and range that are often not feasible to achieve with off-the-shelf commercial products. These networks may also require multiple users to share a variety of services such as file transfer, e-mail, situational awareness reports, and voice over a single channel. Performance is often limited by the number of devices and interfaces at each station. With software-defined radios that incorporate unprecedented digital signal processing power, coupled with industry standard interfaces such as the Internet protocol (IP), the radio chassis can literally become a "system in a box". Channel access protocols can also benefit greatly from being integrated with the radio modem. The RF Communications Division of Harris Corporation has developed a black-side (post-encryption) channel access protocol based on the well-known MACA protocol. This protocol performs well on real-world networks facing such challenges as voice priority over data, "hidden nodes", and varying channel conditions. Wireless IP networking capability based on this protocol has been implemented and fielded in Harris's software-defined Falcon II Tactical Radios. This paper discusses the benefits/tradeoffs of embedded black-side channel access protocols and presents test results from a typical military communication system based on the Harris RF-5800V-MP radio.
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5,252
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Please write an abstract with title: An application of remote sensing and REAL TIME GIS to digital map for local government, and key words: Remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems, Local government, Real time systems, Decision making, Urban planning, Image resolution, Satellites, Kinematics, Global Positioning System. Abstract: Many local governments have been utilizing the Base Map (BM) in order to support decision making for urban planning and management of facilities with a geographic information system (GIS). BM does not indicate the latest urban condition because local governments only make a survey once in several years. It is therefore difficult for local governments to understand accurate urban conditions. The purpose of this study is the application of High Resolution Satellite Images (HRSI) and REAL TIME GIS to digital maps for local governments. REAL TIME GIS is the system for real-time mapping and updating at the field site using Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS), GIS and cellular phones.
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5,253
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Please write an abstract with title: The Intel/spl reg/ PXA800F wireless Internet-on-a-chip architecture and design, and key words: Internet, GSM, Baseband, Random access memory, Frequency, Communication standards, Time division multiple access, Ground penetrating radar, Modulation coding, Computer architecture. Abstract: The Intel/spl reg/ PXA800F cellular processor is the first product in the wireless industry to integrate a DSP processor core, a high performance applications processor core, baseband communication logic, with flash and SRAM memories, all on one chip. It is a revolutionary system-on-chip (SOC) product in the cellular industry with dedicated access to integrated memories by both processor cores and which delivers industry-leading performance. This paper presents the key innovative architectural features and the key SOC design and validation issues associated with the design of this product, with preliminary results on system-level performance.
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5,254
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Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of physiological signal based emotion recognition algorithm, and key words: Feature extraction, Emotion recognition, Support vector machines, Electromyography, Physiology, Training, Databases. Abstract: Emotion recognition plays an important role in depression detection. The proposed system aims at classifying emotions automatically by pre-processing the physiological signals, feature extraction followed by classification and analyzing classification accuracy. Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been used for classification because of its high recognition rates and superior performance compared to Bayesian and Regression-based classifiers. The data corresponding to eight emotion available in databases DEAP, MAHNOB-HCI has been used for training and testing the proposed system. The physiological signals namely Electromyogram (EMG), Blood Volume Pressure (BVP) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) from emotion Sentics database are considered. Classification accuracy of 75% has been obtained for five target emotions, namely, Joy, Grief, Anger, Hate and Reverence. An improved recognition rate of 91% has been obtained by using k-fold leave out one cross-validation to reduce the observation dependence of prediction when there is limited training data.
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5,255
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Please write an abstract with title: Electrical characteristics of high energy density MLC for pulse power application, and key words: Electric variables, Capacitors, Ceramics, Voltage, Circuit testing, Dielectric losses, High-K gate dielectrics, Dielectric materials, Acoustic materials, Metallization. Abstract: High energy density capacitor is a very important component to supply energy in pulse power source. Owing to its high dielectric constant (up to 10/sup 5/ or more), ceramic material is regarded as a sound dielectric for producing high energy density capacitors. With the energy density under the same order of several hundred J/L, ceramic capacitors can endure higher inverse voltage (>70%) and have longer life (shot times >10/sup 6/) compared with metallized film. Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLC) of low rated voltage have been used for power decoupling and bypass in telecommunication equipments for many years. In this paper, MCL samples of high voltage have been produced, and their electrical characteristics tested in a pulse energy discharge circuit. From the result, the relations between the changes of capacitance, dielectric loss, the charge frequency, and the lifetime have been deduced. The features in discharge wave are also presented. Some failure mechanisms for these capacitors are put forward in this paper. In conclusion, MLC is suitable for making high energy density capacitor, which can endure high reverse voltage, high current and possesses long lifetime.
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5,256
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Please write an abstract with title: Temperature Display on Web Browser Using Ethernet Shield And LM35 Sensor based on Arduino Board, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Photovoltaic systems, Renewable energy sources, Web pages, Ethernet, Programming. Abstract: This work presents temperature display on web browser using Ethernet Shield And LM 35 Sensor based on Arduino IDE Environment. The web page programming was realized with Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller using C/C++ language based only on the HTML 5 and CSS 3. It offers a simple way to the temperature display on HTML web page from anywhere of the world, which is an important task for monitoring and supervision of renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic and thermal applications.
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5,257
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Please write an abstract with title: Principles of designing an algorithm for acoustic room multichannel simulation, and key words: Algorithm design and analysis, Signal processing algorithms, Loudspeakers, Reverberation, Digital signal processing, Signal processing, Microphones, Communications technology, Paper technology, Real time systems. Abstract: The paper deals with the principles of realizing a multichannel simulation of an acoustic room (known as an artificial reverberation) as a discrete system. The resulting simulation algorithm describing the discrete system is to be adapted to realization in a DSP environment and should be capable of working in real time. A definition of the requirements made on perceptual approach of subsequent reverberation is part of the paper. In conclusion, two models for multichannel reverberation are proposed. The models are designed to have the best possible relation between simulation quality and computation requirements.
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5,258
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Please write an abstract with title: Federated-LSTM based Network Intrusion Detection Method for Intelligent Connected Vehicles, and key words: Training, Wireless communication, Connected vehicles, Computational modeling, Neural networks, Time series analysis, Network intrusion detection. Abstract: Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has enabled intelligent services for connected vehicles such as advanced driver assistance and autonomous vehicles. However, due to the multiple external communication interfaces, intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) are vulnerable to malicious network intrusion attacks. The malicious attackers can not only remotely intrude into the in-vehicle networks (IVNs) and control the compromised vehicles, but also invade the neighboring vehicles through IoV. To protect the compromised vehicles from being manipulated, a novel federated long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network-based IVN intrusion detection method is proposed in this paper. Specifically, based on the periodicity of the ID sequence of IVN messages, an LSTM neural network model is built for the incoming message ID prediction, and an ID prediction-based network intrusion detection method is developed subsequently. Moreover, an FL framework working in client-server mode is built for secure and efficient LSTM neural network model training in IoV systems. In the framework, ICVs work as the clients for local model training, and base stations (BSs) equipped with mobile edge computing (MEC) servers are the parameter servers for global model parameter aggregation. Simulations have been conducted based on the practical dataset. The numerical results indicate that the detection accuracy of the federated-LSTM based method on spoofing, replay, drop, and DoS attacks is beyond 90%.
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5,259
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Please write an abstract with title: S-Band, 3-Bit, 1 KW Peak, 0.8 DB Average Loss, Diode Phase Shifter and Driver Under $100, and key words: Diodes, Phase shifters, Insertion loss, Costs, Phased arrays, Ferrites, Packaging, Driver circuits, Power electronics, Radar. Abstract: There is a need for an S-band high power electronic phase shifter with low insertion loss and low cost for ground and ship-based phased array RADARS. Both diodes and ferrites are candidates for this application. Typically, the ferrite phase shifter is known to have low insertion loss; however, the recent use of wafer glassed PIN diodes removes the necessity for an expensive ceramic diode package and, furthermore, improves performance by eliminating diode package parasitic reactance. With these diodes, a complete 3-bit phase shifter having only 0.8 dB of average insertion loss has been made. This device has a rated power of 1 kW peak (the burnout level is 4 kW peak) using 120 microsecond-long pulses and 0.05 duty cycle. This paper describes the construction and testing of the phase shifter and a cost estimate for large quantities.
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5,260
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Please write an abstract with title: Mechanical response of single living cells by bio-MEMS sensors, and key words: Biosensors, Force measurement, Probes, Force sensors, Mechanical sensors, Silicon, Spine, Coatings, Adhesives, Springs. Abstract: The paper presents a new bio-MEMS sensor for insitu force response measurement of single living cells. The sensor consists of fixed-fixed silicon beams connected by a backbone and attached to a probe. The sensor is functionalized by a coating with fibronectin. Adhesion sites are formed between the probe and a single cell by contact. The cell is stretched by the probe and the cell force response is measured from the deflection of the beams and their spring constant. Several living monkey fibroblast cells are tested as they are loaded and unloaded under large deformation. The force response is found to be linear and reversible.
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5,261
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Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent solving machines on modern parallel architectures, and key words: Machine intelligence, Parallel architectures, Competitive intelligence, Artificial intelligence, Computer architecture, Cybernetics, Information technology, Intelligent systems, Multiprocessing systems, High level languages. Abstract: We consider the creation of intelligent solving machines and the arrangement of parallel programming in intelligent distributed multiprocessor systems based on them. There are some proposed main concepts. A system is designed for programming in the C+Graph high-level language. The ideology proposed can be considered as an efficient development of structural high-level language interpretation when applied to multimicroprocessor systems. Equipment structure of the basic version of intelligent solving machines is considered and some characteristics are discussed
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5,262
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Please write an abstract with title: Improvement of emotion recognition by Bayesian classifier using non-zero-pitch concept, and key words: Emotion recognition, Bayesian methods, Robotics and automation, Mechanical engineering, Speech, Psychology, Legged locomotion, Intelligent robots, Human robot interaction, Research and development. Abstract: Emotion recognition is an important factor in the development of human-robot interactions (HRI) and especially, the pitch information is considered for features related to emotion in speech emotion recognition. Thus, in this paper, the goal is to propose the improved method to recognize the emotion by pitch, "non-zero-pitch", that is, the pitch contour does not have the zero value. We have applied this concept to a Bayesian classifier, and obtained better results for emotion recognition than those attained using the previous pitch contour. In this study, we explain precisely the concept of "non-zero-pitch" and show its superiority over the previous pitch concept. Moreover, it is also important to determine emotions to be classified. In general, many researchers of emotion recognition use the classification of primary emotions such as anger, joy, and so on. However, they differ on the number and kind of primary emotions to use and generally fail to explain the rationale for their classification. Psychologists have also debated the topic of primary emotions. In the present study we propose a classification method of primary emotions for the field of HRI.
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5,263
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Please write an abstract with title: Japan's Millimeter Wave Satellite Communication Program, and key words: Millimeter wave communication, Satellite communication, Satellite broadcasting, Artificial satellites, Frequency, Testing, Interference, Millimeter wave technology, Laboratories, Satellite ground stations. Abstract: Japan has proceeded with the program for millimeter wave satellite communications since 1967, in addition to the programs of preoperational experiment for communications and broadcasting satellites in lower frequencies. The program is composed of two satellites, Engineering Test Satellite Type II (ETS-II) and Experimental Communication Satellite (ECS). ETS-II carries a beacon transmitter with three coherent frequencies including a millimeter wave and was launched in February 1977. ECS has a millimeter wave transponder and will be launched in February 1980. This paper describes the outline of the ETS-II/ECS project, the preliminary results of ETS-II, and the experimental plan of ECS.
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5,264
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Please write an abstract with title: Maximum weight matching dispatching scheme in buffered Clos-network packet switches, and key words: Dispatching, Packet switching, Optical switches, Scalability, Scheduling, Chaos, Asynchronous transfer mode, Throughput, Traffic control, Optical buffering. Abstract: The scalability of Clos-network switches makes them an alternative to single-stages switches for implementing large-size packet switches. This paper introduces a cell dispatching scheme, called Maximum Weight Matching Dispatching (MWMD) scheme, for buffered Clos-network switches. The MWMD scheme is based on a maximum weight matching algorithm for input-buffered switches. This paper shows that, with request queues in the buffered Clos-network architecture, the MWMD scheme is able to achieve a 100% throughput for independent admissible traffic, without allocating any buffers in the second stage and without expanding the internal bandwidth. As a practical scheme, a maximal oldest-cell-first matching dispatching (MOMD) scheme is also introduced. MOMD shows that using a finite number of iterations in the dispatching scheme, the throughout under unbalanced traffic pattern can be high.
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5,265
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Please write an abstract with title: A high-power microwave GaAs FET oscillator, and key words: Gallium arsenide, Microwave FETs, Microwave oscillators, Impedance, Power generation, Electrodes, Gain, Feedback, Frequency, Stripline. Abstract: An integrated circuit GaAs FET with an oscillator power output of 220 mW and a power-added efficiency of 21% obtained at 6 GHz, will be discussed.
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5,266
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Please write an abstract with title: Retrofit of a California coastal desalination plant: add technology, lower costs, and key words: Sea measurements, Desalination, Costs, Chemical technology, Marine technology, Cities and towns, Power generation economics, Economic forecasting, Natural gas, Resistance heating. Abstract: California's largest municipal drinking water seawater desalination facility is located in the city of Marina on Monterey Bay. The plant produces about 1000 m/sup 3//d (/spl sim/300,000 gallons) of potable water in compliance with California primary drinking water standards. Although only seven years old, the plant does not meet the economic needs of the operator in light of the increased electrical costs in California. To take advantage of reduced weekend electricity rates, the plant is operating Thursday through Monday with product water costs about $2.40/m/sup 3/. In 1996-1997, when electricity rates were significant lower, the plant operated seven days a week and product water costs were $1.40/m/sup 3/. By adding several technologies during a retrofit of the facility. Oases is able to lower operating costs by 64%. Key technologies employed include installation of a state-of-the-art pressure exchange system to recover energy, high-efficiency pumps, removal of the plant from local electrical grid and utilizing natural gas fired microturbines with heat recovery. Planned future improvements include incorporation of plasma chemical reactor ozone generation technology for pre-treatment of seawater and wireless SCADA coupled with predictive diagnostic software. The retrofit will allow production of potable water for less than $0.60/m/sup 3/ or about $740 an acre-foot. Without debt service on the original plant, the retrofit costs are only $0.49/m/sup 3/ (about $600 per acre-foot).
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Please write an abstract with title: Hierarchical Local Sensitivity Analysis Method for Optimization of Deep Learning-based Anomaly Detection in Communication Network, and key words: Deep learning, Integrated circuits, Analytical models, Sensitivity analysis, Computational modeling, Neurons, Robustness. Abstract: Deep learning-based anomaly detection techniques in communication network have been widely researched and generally viewed as a classification problem based on the benign data baseline. However, the model deployment on edge devices is urgent to be optimized as compact structure with robust detection capability due to the constraints of computational and storage capacity. This paper proposed a hierarchical local sensitivity analysis (H-LSA) method to quantify the model's sensitive correlations by deriving the “neuron-layer-model” sensitivity matrices. The method provides a perspective on the sensitivity propagation from the basic unit of the deep learning model, i.e., neuron to the overall model. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applications of the hierarchical sensitivity matrices on CNN-based anomaly detection in the industrial control network communication, which shows the remarkable optimization capabilities of structure compression and robustness improvement.
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and Simulation of CMOS based Bandgap Reference Voltage with Start-up Circuit using 180 nm, 90 nm and 45 nm Process Technology, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Low voltage, Power demand, Current mirrors, Photonic band gap, Communication systems, Voltage. Abstract: This paper is created based upon the Bandgap reference voltage along with a Startup compensation circuit which is independent of temperature, voltage and other process parameters. The design is carried out in three different process technologies with a comparison on the low voltage power supply obtained in each of the technologies. The simulation is carried out at a range of -400C - 1250C in Cadence Virtuoso using Spectre simulator. The proposed design of the BGR is based on a current mirror circuit. Two important parameters were taken into consideration: Temperature variation and Supply voltage variation. Based on the requirements, PTAT (Proportional To Absolute Temperature) and CTAT (Complementary To Absolute Temperature) were designed, and a constant reference voltage was obtained by combining both and cancelling the effects of both. This electronic document is a “live” template and already defines the components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] in its style sheet.
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Please write an abstract with title: Liquid crystalline polymer based RF/wireless components for multi-band applications, and key words: Crystallization, Liquid crystal polymers, Radio frequency, Ceramics, Bluetooth, Attenuation, Time measurement, Digital filters, Impedance matching, Communication standards. Abstract: This paper presents for the first time the design, implementation, measurements, reliability data and integration of multiple RF components such as filters, baluns, diplexers, and a combination of the above on liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) based substrates for communication standards such as 802.11 a/b/g, LMDS/MMDS, satellite/digital TV, UWB, cellular and Bluetooth type applications. These components and process technologies are being targeted as a cost-effective high-performance, miniaturized alternative to the primary technologies of choice for multi-band RF/wireless applications, namely, low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC), multi-layer ceramic (MLC) and ceramic monoblock technologies. The first examples of this platform substrate technology are very compact 12 mm/sup 3/ fully packaged SMT front-end filters with center frequencies of 2.45, 5.25 and 5.775 GHz. One embodiment of the filter at 2.45 GHz, which is well suited for 802.11 b/g and Bluetooth type applications, provides a passband of 100 MHz with maximum inband insertion loss less than 1.7 dB at 25/spl deg/C, greater than 25 dB attenuation at 2700-2800 MHz, greater than 10 dB attenuation below 2.2 GHz, greater than 20 dB rejection at the second and third harmonic and inband VSWR less than 1.5 matched to 50 ohms at the input and output.
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Please write an abstract with title: Network Slice Provisioning Taking Into Account Tenant Intents and Operator Policies, and key words: Runtime, Automation, Conferences, Merging, Focusing, Quality of service, Network function virtualization. Abstract: Intent-based networking paradigm aims at easing the complexity of network management for operators/tenants. Intents are expressed as high-level requirements in terms of what is required and not how to achieve it with low level deployment and infrastructure details. A translation between what is required and how to achieve it is therefore needed. In the context of network automation, this translation and subsequent network management tasks must be performed automatically. Most of the work in this area has been focusing on the runtime phases. This paper is interested in the network slice design phase and proposes an approach for determining all the network slice solutions from tenant intents while taking into account operator policies. Therefore, these solutions will satisfy the tenant intents and comply automatically with the operator policies. Tenant intents consist of one or multiple required communication services and network slices along with their desired QoS characteristics. The operator’s policies specify the supported slice types with their QoS characteristics. This is the first step towards an automated approach for network slices design from tenant intents. The proposed approach is model based.
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysing Bias in Spoken Language Assessment Using Concept Activation Vectors, and key words: Deep learning, System performance, Perturbation methods, Training data, Signal processing, Acoustics, Task analysis. Abstract: A significant concern with deep learning based approaches is that they are difficult to interpret, which means detecting bias in network predictions can be challenging. Concept Activation Vectors (CAVs) have been proposed to address this problem. These use representations - perturbations of activation function outputs - of interpretable concepts to analyse how the network is influenced by the concept. This work applies CAVs to assess bias in a spoken language assessment (SLA) system, a regression task. One of the challenges with SLA is the wide range of concepts that can introduce bias in training data, for example L1, age, acoustic conditions, and particular human graders, or the grading instructions. Simply generating large quantities of expert marked data to check for all forms of bias is impractical. This paper uses CAVs applied to the training data to identify concepts that might be of concern, allowing a more targeted dataset to be collected to assess bias. The ability of CAVs to detect bias is assessed on the BULATS speaking test using both a standard system and a system to which bias was artificially introduced. A strong bias identified by CAVs on the training data matches the bias observed in expert marked held-out test data.
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Please write an abstract with title: Balanced Score Propagation for Botnet Detection, and key words: Computers, Botnet, Image edge detection, Telecommunication traffic, Stability analysis, Security, Ransomware. Abstract: Botnets are a group of computers infected by malware, and have become a major threat to the security of the entire Internet, which enable attacks to cause serious damages to the world, such as DDoS and ransomware campaigns. To manage millions of infected computers, botnets have evolved to use layered and distributed infrastructure. To eradicate the botnet threat, we have developed a novel balanced score propagation technique on graphs to detect the entire structure of a botnet with high precision. Conventional score propagation techniques detect a botnet node close to known one based on the score that quantifies the level of the relevance between the two. Their detection coverage is limited to neighboring nodes and thus misses the macro structure. Our new technique, balanced score propagation, can reveal the entire botnet structures by enabling the detection of both neighboring and distant botnet nodes. The technique employs direct score propagation to distant nodes by adding virtual edges to change the score propagation path. We evaluate the detection precision of the proposed method by experiments using real-world network traffic. The result shows that the proposed method can also detect botnet nodes at intermediate distances effectively as well as nearby and distant nodes, and the precision is improved an average of 1.8 times more than existing methods including graph embedding whose primary focus is the detection of the overall botnet structure.
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Please write an abstract with title: Fast 3D Image Reconstruction by Separable Moments based on Hahn and Krawtchouk Polynomials, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Image reconstruction, Two dimensional displays, Acceleration, Pattern recognition, Numerical stability, Image analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we will present a new method of fast and stable computation of 3D image reconstruction using a new collection of 3D separable discrete orthogonal moments called: the 3D Hahn-Hahn-Krawtchouk moments (HHKMs). The latter are generated as the product of Hahn and Krawtchouk discrete orthogonal polynomials. In this method, we will use the 3D image cuboids representation (ICR) to accelerate the computation time of HHKM and improve the quality of 3D images reconstruction for small orders. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of the calculation time of HHKMs as well as the speed and quality of 3D image reconstruction, with respect to the global method, and the ability of the 3D image reconstruction using the HHKMs is compared by the classical moments of Hahn and Krawtchouk.
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Please write an abstract with title: On the angular spectra of anti-Stokes stimulated Raman scattering under self-focusing, and key words: Raman scattering, Optical polarization, Pump lasers, Frequency, Nonlinear optical devices, Nonlinear optics, Optical pumping, Optical scattering, Distribution functions, Laser excitation. Abstract: It is shown in this work, by the example of the first anti-Stokes component in toluene, that a high efficiency of conversion of laser radiation into the Stokes component in the focal regions of self-focusing (SF) plays a decisive role in the formation of the angular structure of radiation. The inclusion of a high efficiency of pumping conversion into the Stokes component in SF allows the basic regularities of the formation of the angular structure of an anti-Stokes radiation to be determined. The length of the domain of existence of the nonlinear polarization at the anti-Stokes frequency is expressed in this case in terms of optical parameters of a light-scattering medium, where this quantity is introduced by way of matching the calculated and the observed angles of preferable radiation. Moreover, the longitudinal distribution function of the nonlinear polarization turns out to be distinct from the Gaussian one proposed previously. The results of the calculations carried out are compared with experimental data obtained for toluene in a cell 25 cm long in which SRS was excited by single pulses 20 ns long with an energy of 0.6 J from a ruby laser with passive Q-switching.
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Please write an abstract with title: Geo-information technologies in the rail transport intellectualization, and key words: Rails, Geometry, Tracking, Rail transportation, Software, Safety, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: Geo-information technologies in the intellectualization of railway transport can be used to monitor the state of the railway track, identify dangerous changes in sections of the railway track, monitor the congestion of the railway network and predict its development, as well as ensure the safety of rail transport. The article presents the possibility of using geo-information technologies for monitoring rail vehicles on the route and monitoring the geometry of the track, which are integrated into the information management system. It was found that the use of geo-information technologies in the intellectualization of railway transport made it possible to confirm the dynamic models of the destructive impact of the train on the track and the most negative parameters of the train and the mode of movement, which must be taken into account when the movement of intelligent railway transport is controlled. The work identifies three main factors that affect the traffic safety of intelligent railway transport and reduce the destructive effect on the track. It is proposed to use the means of global control - space, aviation and ground means of remote sensing with high-precision referencing by GLONASS/GPS equipment for monitoring long sections of the railway track. The concept of integration into a single technological complex of aerospace and traditional technologies for monitoring deformations of long sections of the track and adjacent territories for the prevention and prevention of emergencies has been developed. For the automated recognition of railway tracks on images, a technique has been developed based on the detection of rectilinear objects using the Hawk transformation. The changes in the track geometry under the train rolling stock load have been researched. The key factors have been identified, which been ap-plied will reduce the train's negative impact on the track and negative natural and anthropogenic phenomena in the track adjacent areas. The continuous process of integrating methods, monitoring tools and derailment prevention into a single information control system is shown.
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Please write an abstract with title: Pose Measurement of Machine Tool Using Inertial Sensors, and key words: Accelerometers, Measurement units, Filtering, Inertial sensors, Inertial navigation, Machine tools, Gyroscopes. Abstract: In this study, the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is installed on the machine tool to measure the machine tool inclination. The acceleration and angular velocity signals measured by the accelerometer and gyroscope in the inertial measurement unit are converted into inclination angle signals. In order to improve the accuracy of measured angle, this study uses Kalman filter and complementary filter to fuse the data of the two signals to achieve the noise of suppression and improve the accuracy of measurement.
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Please write an abstract with title: Incorporating Optimal Operation Strategies into Investment Planning for Wind/Electrolyser System, and key words: Hydrogen, Planning, Production, Optimization, Investment, Green products, Current density. Abstract: As a conducive and prevalent technique for producing green hydrogen, hybrid wind-based electrolyzer system requires both effective planning and operation to realize its techno-economic value. Majority of the existing studies are focused on either of these two, but none of them sufficiently emphasize on their interrelationship. In this paper, we propose a two-stage multi-objective optimization framework to reveal optimal investment plans considering various operational strategies, such as economic revenue maximization and green hydrogen production maximization. The results reveal that: 1) A trade-off exists between system investment and the capacity to accomplish optimal operational performance. For example, the system demands flexibility to boost operational profits, but this results in high investment costs. 2) Differentiated operation objectives generate different component capacities during the planning phase. 3) Regarding a wind-hydrogen system with gas storage, the Pareto optimal design manifesting the trade-off between system investment and prime operational performance can be actualized along the margins of a feasible solution.
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Please write an abstract with title: Error resilience of video transmission by rate-distortion optimization and adaptive packetization, and key words: Resilience, Rate-distortion, Image coding, Video compression, Computer errors, Propagation losses, Motion estimation, Forward error correction, Video coding, Streaming media. Abstract: We propose new schemes to introduce error resilience into the compressed video bitstreams for transmission over packet networks. First, we develop an adaptive packetization scheme that prohibits any dependency across packets, for error resilience purposes, while exploiting the dependency within each packet to improve the source coding performance. Secondly, we address a two-layer rate-distortion optimization scheme to serve our packetization method. We also use forward error correction (FEC) coding across packets to provide further error protection. Finally, we present a simplified version of our schemes to make it fully compliant with the current ITU video coding standard - H.263+.
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5,279
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Please write an abstract with title: Function-based compact test pattern generation for path delay faults, and key words: Test pattern generators, Delay, Circuit testing, Circuit faults, Automatic test pattern generation, Boolean functions, Electrical fault detection, Fault detection, Scalability, Data structures. Abstract: We present a function-based nonenumerative automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) methodology for detecting path delay faults (PDFs). The proposed technique consists of a number of topological circuit traversals during each a linear number of Boolean functions is generated per circuit line. From each such function we derive a test that detects many PDFs. The two major strengths of the approach, that stem from the function-based formulations used, are very compact test sets, and scalability in test efficiency. The performance of an implementation based on binary decision diagrams is evaluated and compared with existing compact methods to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
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Please write an abstract with title: Solar Radiation Effect on Solar Powered Pump Performance of an Automatic Sprinkler System, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Solar energy, Solar radiation, Solar panels, Information technology. Abstract: The depletion of conventional energy leads to a quest for alternative renewable energy abundant in Indonesia. Solar-powered equipment is sufficient in South Sumatra, which is blessed with high irradiance all year long. This paper presents the application of solar energy in generating electricity to power an automatic sprinkler system. Two 100 Wp solar panels are installed to harvest solar irradiance. The high solar irradiance leads to more increased water flow pumped by the solar power pump, in which the highest irradiance received by the PV panels was 1636.7 W/m2. The minimum irradiance needed by the solar-powered pump to operate is 500 W/m2. The experiment was conducted for 30 days to show the PV panel performance, where the highest power produced by 2 PV panels was 148W, and the maximum water pumped was 0.0113 m3. The experiment shows that the solar irradiance in Tanjung Enim is sufficient to power an automatic sprinkler system.
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5,281
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Budget Performance Management System of Universitie under Big Data: A Case Study, and key words: big data, Budget performance management, Big data technology application, Management system. Abstract: The data mindset and analytical philosophy of Big Data have triggered a conceptual change in budget performance management. Under the background of the rapid development of big data and artificial intelligence technology, how to improve the budget performance management of universities needs the support of both systems and technology. Taking a comprehensive university in the Sichuan Province of China as a specific research case, this study explores the construction of a university budget performance management system and realizes the innovation of a university budget performance management model by using big data technology.
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Please write an abstract with title: Multilayer Printed Circuit Interconnection Techniques, and key words: Nonhomogeneous media, Printed circuits, Integrated circuit interconnections, Copper, Etching, Gold, Insulation, Ink, Lead, Resists. Abstract: Proponents of the various miniaturization techniques claim advantages of: reduced size, weight and cost, and increased reliability. Reduction in size and weight are obvious consequences of the technique. Reduced cost and improved reliability are still to be proven. Shrinking electronic assemblies and sub-assemblies bring about interconnection problems to the packaging engineer. Interconnecting devices are not only a factor in weight and size, but are a weak link in the reliability chain of the complete electronic system. These matters are considered in this report with especial attention to multilayer printed circuit boards.
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5,283
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Please write an abstract with title: Low-Cost Embedded Optical Sensing Systems For Distribution Transformer Monitoring, and key words: Iron, Frequency modulation, IP networks. Abstract: There is a growing need for low-cost monitoring with online sensing technologies to maintain grid reliability and uptime. Here we present an innovative low-cost, embedded optical sensing technology initially focused on transformers that was developed and demonstrated at a major electric utility, Con Edison. A version of it that can be retrofitted onto existing transformers in the field was also developed. Two new 500 kVA distribution network transformers were built with embedded fiber-optic (FO) sensors and qualified per industry standards. Vibration, temperature, and corrosion were key parameters monitored. The first transformer with embedded FO sensors was installed at a Con Edison facility and monitored at our team's office. The second one was installed in an urban street-side underground location with online data processing/feature extraction algorithms and monitored through a wireless router. Additionally, an older transformer was also retrofitted. Data analysis was done on these transformers showing promising correlations with their corresponding loading cycles. Additionally, key events such as the transformer primary-side energizing, and other events were detected. Overall, the technology was demonstrated over 6 months across the 3 transformers instrumented with promising results. Thus, it has the potential to enable predictive grid maintenance for transformers and other grid assets.
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Deployment of Applications Acceleration Environment for Xilinx Hardware-Accelerated Platforms, and key words: Accelerometers, Integrated circuits, High performance computing, Hardware, Time measurement, Supercomputers, Workstations. Abstract: High Performance Computing is a practice that consists of adding computing power above what any typical computer or workstation can provide. Greater performance is achieved by solving complex problems. The aim is to obtain a more efficient, reliable, and faster processing than traditional methods. The foundation of this technology is based on the parallelization of the processing units so that a higher performance per unit of time is achieved. This can be get with highperformance hardware or by combining simpler hardware, giving rise to clusters or supercomputers, depending on the form of grouping. Once the general acceleration process of an application and the methodology on which it is based have been understood, a complete analysis of the performance of a specific algorithm or program has been carried out and implemented using different programming languages and technologies. Besides, a series of conclusions and results related to the acceleration of applications through acceleration hardware have been obtained, determining its potential and the possible inconveniences it entails.
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5,285
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Please write an abstract with title: Power-aware rate-control for QoS provisioning over CDMA networks, and key words: Multiaccess communication, Bit rate, Bandwidth, Automatic repeat request, Lagrangian functions, Automatic control, Bismuth, Decoding, Power engineering and energy, Telecommunication control. Abstract: This paper presents a power-aware rate control method that dynamically adjusts the encoding bit rate according to the receiving power level of mobile stations (MSs) in CDMA network. The proposed rate-control method performs bit allocation at the video frame level using the estimated channel bit rate to minimize the average distortion over wireless video transmission. Experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly enhance the video quality in CDMA networks.
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5,286
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Please write an abstract with title: Joint estimation of propagation delay and direction of arrival of multipath signals, and key words: Delay estimation, Direction of arrival estimation, Propagation delay, Antennas and propagation, Signal resolution, Delay effects, Antenna arrays, Directive antennas, Mobile antennas, Receiving antennas. Abstract: In this paper, we present an algorithm named MUSIC-MODE for jointly estimating the propagation time delays and the directions of arrival (DOAs) of multipath signals from a mobile station received at an array antenna. This algorithm is modified from the time-space-time multiple signal classification (TST-MUSIC) algorithm to reduce the computational complexity, but still obtains high accuracy result. A method of direction estimation (MODE) is applied to estimate the DOAs instead of the spatial-MUSIC (S-MUSIC) algorithm. Since it offers the advantage of better performance, especially in situations where the incoming signals are highly correlated. However, the temporal-MUSIC (T-MUSIC) is still utilized to group the incoming signals and to estimate the propagation delays. The propagation delays and DOAs can be estimated in the case of the number of incoming signals are greater than the number of antennas. Furthermore, the simulation results clearly illustrate that the presented algorithm can also resolve the incoming signals with either close in delays or close in DOAs. Additionally, when high resolution of estimated DOA is required, the computation time of the proposed algorithm is less than the one produced by TST-MUSIC.
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5,287
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Please write an abstract with title: ClusterFit: Improving Generalization of Visual Representations, and key words: Task analysis, Training, Feature extraction, Visualization, Videos, Tagging, Twitter. Abstract: Pre-training convolutional neural networks with weakly-supervised and self-supervised strategies is becoming increasingly popular for several computer vision tasks. However, due to the lack of strong discriminative signals, these learned representations may overfit to the pre-training objective (e.g., hashtag prediction) and not generalize well to downstream tasks. In this work, we present a simple strategy - ClusterFit to improve the robustness of the visual representations learned during pre-training. Given a dataset, we (a) cluster its features extracted from a pre-trained network using k-means and (b) re-train a new network from scratch on this dataset using cluster assignments as pseudo-labels. We empirically show that clustering helps reduce the pre-training task-specific information from the extracted features thereby minimizing overfitting to the same. Our approach is extensible to different pre-training frameworks -- weak- and self-supervised, modalities -- images and videos, and pre-training tasks -- object and action classification. Through extensive transfer learning experiments on 11 different target datasets of varied vocabularies and granularities, we show that ClusterFit significantly improves the representation quality compared to the state-of-the-art large-scale (millions / billions) weakly-supervised image and video models and self-supervised image models.
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5,288
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Please write an abstract with title: Research and Practice of Library Public Cultural Services Based on SoLoMo, and key words: Libraries, Cultural differences, Internet, Social networking (online), Public transportation, Portals, Message service. Abstract: From the basic concept of SoLoMo, combined with the National Library of China in the social, localization and mobile aspects of the service work and marketing case, this paper puts forward a library service marketing framework, the data show that can effectively improve the library service efficiency.
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5,289
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Please write an abstract with title: Detecting Fake Mobile Crowdsensing Tasks: Ensemble Methods Under Limited Data, and key words: Task analysis, Sensors, Mobile handsets, Servers, Boosting, Training, Crowdsourcing, Internet of Things. Abstract: The nondedicated sensing capabilities of smart mobile devices contribute to Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems with integral building blocks called mobile crowdsensing (MCS) systems. The distributed and nontrusted nature of MCS systems leads to various threats for devices and MCS platforms as well as for end users. Out of the many threats, fake tasks may lead to drained resources at the participating devices and clogged resources at the MCS platforms. Furthermore, when limited data are available, it becomes a further challenge to identify maliciously submitted fake tasks. In this article, we introduce possible solutions that leverage ensemble learning against fake tasks submitted to MCS platforms. More specifically, boosting-based solutions, namely adaptive boosting for binary classification (AdaBoost), gentle adaptive boosting (GentleBoost), and random under-sampling boosting (RUSBoost), form the basis for learning the legitimacy of tasks submitted to MCS platforms. Over a six-day observation window, one day was used for training while the remaining five days were used for testing to evaluate the performance under limited data in terms of training the machine learning (ML) models. Through extensive simulations, we have shown that GentleBoostbased ensemble learning can achieve promising performance in detecting fake/illegitimate tasks submitted to an MCS platform.
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Please write an abstract with title: Packet drop avoidance for high-speed network transmission protocol, and key words: High-speed networks, Protocols, Bandwidth, Computer networks, Grid computing, Couplings, IP networks, Communication system traffic control, Performance analysis, Personal digital assistants. Abstract: As network bandwidth continues to grow and longer paths are used to exchange large scientific data between storage systems and GRID computation, it has become increasingly obvious that there is a need to deploy a packet drop avoidance mechanism into network transmission protocols. Current end-to-end congestion avoidance mechanisms used in transmission control protocol (TCP) have worked well on low bandwidth delay product networks, but with newer high-bandwidth delay networks they have shown to be inefficient and prone to unstable. This is largely due to increased network bandwidth coupled with changes in Internet traffic patterns. These changes come from a variety of new network applications that are being developed to take advantage of the increased network bandwidth. This paper examines the end-to-end congestion avoidance mechanism and perform a step-by-step analysis of its theory. In addition we propose an alternative approach developed as part of a new network transmission protocol. Our alternative protocol uses a packet drop avoidance (PDA) mechanism built on top of the maximum burst size (MBS) theory combined with a real-time available bandwidth algorithm.
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5,291
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Please write an abstract with title: Low-power-consuming 24-Gb/s multiplexer in 90-nm CMOS for optical transceivers, and key words: Multiplexing, Transceivers, CMOS technology, Inductors, Resistors, CMOS logic circuits, Optical packet switching, Bandwidth, Voltage, Switches. Abstract: In this paper, an integrated 2-to-1 selector multiplexer in 90-nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) digital technology is presented. The multiplexer is based on a differential Gilbert-cell structure. Peaking inductors are used to improve the bandwidth. At a supply voltage of 1.2 V, a speed performance of 24 Gb/s is achieved. The circuit core consumes only 10 mA. Common drain output buffers allow measurements at 50 /spl Omega/.
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5,292
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Please write an abstract with title: Linear Encryption Against Eavesdropping on Remote State Estimation, and key words: Encryption, Intelligent sensors, Eavesdropping, State estimation, Wireless communication, Technological innovation, Estimation error. Abstract: This article considers the problem of eavesdropping on remote state estimation. Linear encryption strategies are used to protect the transmitted data. Two types of data transmission are considered: raw measurements generated by traditional sensors as well as innovations generated by smart sensors. For these two transmission scenarios, the encryption coefficients are obtained by formulating different optimization problems, with the target of maximizing the eavesdropper’s estimation error covariance. For stable systems, the designed encryption strategies can effectively impair the eavesdropper’s estimation performance. For unstable systems, the encryption can be designed to make the eavesdropper’s estimation error covariance divergent. The encryption performance is evaluated through numerical simulations on both stable and unstable systems.
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5,293
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Please write an abstract with title: Effectiveness of Vicinity-based Content Finding in Mobile NDN Environments, and key words: Handover, Performance gain, Mobile communication, Delays, Servers, Standards, Context modeling. Abstract: In Named Data Networking (NDN), consumer mobility is supported by letting a consumer re-transmit an Interest packet to re-request a lost content object through a new NDN Access Router (NAR). The object is often replicated at a previous NAR, located close to the new NAR, and can be retrieved from there rather than the origin server. Replicas can also be found from other nodes in the vicinity or nearby vicinities depending on the replica density, inter alia. These replicas can be a better source for the mobile consumer than the best placed NAR. In this paper, we further develop a vicinity-based scheme leveraging content finding in mobile NDN environments that fit the characteristic of the mentioned communication model. We examine the scheme in comparison to the default best route strategy of NDN. The results demonstrate that the scheme provides significant performance gains with acceptable overhead costs in a mobile scenario.
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Please write an abstract with title: A team of walking robots; control and navigation problems, and key words: Legged locomotion, Robot control, Communication system control, Control systems, Motion control, Aircraft navigation, Magnetic materials, Photonic crystals, DC motors, Magnetic sensors. Abstract: The paper presents navigation method elaborated for a group of hexapods walking together with remote supervision by the operator. The navigation principles are described referring it to the elaborated programming system. Method of self navigation and autonomous gait generation is introduced relating it to the terrain properties. The control system was elaborated with the assumption that the machines can move together without collisions and following the geographic coordinates send by the operator from the remote central station. The machines are locally self-navigated avoiding obstacles and changing the gaits depends on surface properties.
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5,295
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Please write an abstract with title: Application Study of Blended Learning in the Educational Reform of the Enlarging Enrollment of Higher Vocational Colleges in the Context of Information Technology: Taking Logistics Management Major as an Example, and key words: Education, Transforms, Educational technology, Data collection, Information management, Hybrid learning, Information technology. Abstract: In the context of the enlarging enrollment of China's higher vocational colleges, there is an urgent need to transform the teaching mode. Since the information technology revolution started, online educational technologies have been more widely used in education. On this basis, by taking the logistics management major of Guangzhou Huashang Vocational College under the background of the enlarging enrollment of higher vocational colleges as an example, this paper analyzed the problems confronted by the current teaching, as well as their causes. To be more specific, based on the analysis of the case factors, the specific teaching experience was combined with such technological applications as the online cloud classroom and the online classroom platform, and the teaching task was divided into the two modules which can be connected: the online learning and the offline follow-up. Finally, a blended mode of online-and-offline education was designed to adapt to the logistics curriculums and education, and the specific education countermeasures of “Three Combinations, Two Fusions and One Replacement” was also proposed in this paper.
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Please write an abstract with title: Operational State Evaluation and Maintenance Decision-making Method for Multi-state CNC Machine Tools based on Partially Observable Markov Decision Process, and key words: Degradation, Decision making, Maintenance engineering, Markov processes, Machine tools, Computer numerical control, Optimization. Abstract: With the development of science and technology, the manufacturing technology of computer numerical control (CNC) has been one of the irreplaceable important technologies in the manufacturing industry. However, due to the lack of sufficient data, the existing evaluation methods cannot accurately evaluate the operational state of CNC machine tools, and an effective maintenance scheduling strategy cannot be proposed. Aiming at the lack of monitoring data and the unclear understanding of the degradation mechanism of CNC machine tools, an operational state evaluation and maintenance decision-making method of multi-state CNC machine tools based on partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) was proposed. On the one hand, considering the imperfect operational information of CNC machine tools and the influence of different maintenance activities on the degradation process of NC machine tools, a dynamic evaluation model for the operational state was constructed. On the other hand, a maintenance decision model for CNC machine tools was established with the goal of minimizing the total cost of losses (including maintenance costs and potential failures costs). The proposed method is applied to CNC machine tools of cylinder to verify the effectiveness and advancement of the method.
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5,297
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Please write an abstract with title: Processor validation: a top-down approach, and key words: Algorithm design and analysis, Circuit simulation, Formal verification, Microprocessors, Performance analysis, State-space methods, Explosions, Feedback, Computer architecture, Automata. Abstract: This work presents the design validation techniques for microprocessors. The verification effectiveness validates the design implementation using a combination of simulation techniques and formal methods. This article presents a top-down validation methodology that complements existing bottom-up verification techniques. The validation team applies model checking to a high-level description of the design abstracted from the RTL implementation. Formal verification uses a formal language to describe the system. The specification for the formal verification comes from the architecture description; the implementation can come from either the architecture specification or the abstracted design. A top-down methodology for validating microprocessors using a combination of symbolic simulation and equivalence checking is presented. Specification-driven hardware generation and validation of design implementation using equivalence checking has one limitation: the structure of the generated hardware reference model is similar to that of implementation.
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Please write an abstract with title: Applying the authority-activity model to the New Millennium Program's technology selection cycle, and key words: Space technology, Systems engineering and theory, NASA, Technology management, Power system management, Power engineering and energy, Computer science, Propulsion, Biographies, Design engineering. Abstract: The New Millennium Program (NMP) has been validating new flight technology for eight years. Recently, a field study of how the NMP selected technology for flight validation was performed. One result of the study is that the NMP employed an authority-activity model in making its selections. This explanatory model showed how the NMP blended three different levels of authority power (organizational, project, technical) with three different primary activities (design, sensemaking, negotiation) to perform their process. In this report, we present the authority-activity model in detail. Then, we apply the model to four different stages of the selection process to illustrate how it 1) explains and captures the processes undertaken in these stages and 2) detects possible deficiencies in the execution or outcomes of these processes that demand attention. We assert that the authority-activity model is a useful analytic tool which can improve the selection process of complex, widely diverse, highly competitive systems.
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Please write an abstract with title: Projected Gradient Descent Adversarial Attack and Its Defense on a Fault Diagnosis System, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Training, Analytical models, Perturbation methods, Knowledge based systems, Force, Rolling bearings. Abstract: Knowledge-based fault diagnosis methods have become more preferred as they do not need precise model and signal patterns required in model-based and signal-based diagnosis methods, respectively. Machine learning (ML) techniques provide notable results on fault diagnosis by mapping information from raw signals to health condition. However, their vulnerabilities against malicious attacks arises as in other industrial application employing ML methods. In this paper, first, a common white-box adversarial attack called projected gradient descent (PGD) adversarial attack is injected into a deep residual learning (DRL) network model, which decides health condition of a rolling bearing. Then, robustness of the DRL model is analyzed to examine the effect of the implemented adversarial machine learning (AML). After that, adversarial training technique is used to improve the robustness of the DRL model. The experimental results show that it is possible to implement AML with existing methods to force model to misclassification. Even for a quite perturbation, the average classification accuracy of the DRL model is decreased from 99.98% to 61.25%. The results also indicate that the adversarial training technique increases the robustness of the model.
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