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Please write an abstract with title: Prediction of growth in COVID-19 Cases in India based on Machine Learning Techniques, and key words: COVID-19, Training, Linear regression, Training data, Machine learning, Predictive models, Feature extraction. Abstract: One of the biggest health challenges that the world has faced in recent times is the pandemic due to coronavirus disease known as SARS-CoV-2, or Covid-19 as officially named by the World Health Organization (WHO). To plan medical facilities in a certain location in order to combat the disease in near future, public health policy makers expect reliable prediction of the number of Covid-19 positive cases in that location. The requirement of reliable prediction gives rise to the need for studying growth in the number of Covid-19 positive cases in the past and predicting the growth in the number in near future. In this study, the growth in the number of Covid-19 positive cases have been modelled using several machine learning based regression techniques viz., Multiple Linear Regression, Decision Tree Regression and Support Vector Regression. Further, different feature selection techniques based on Filter and Wrapper methods have been applied to select the suitable features based on which prediction is to be done. This study proposes the best observed method for modelling the pattern of growth in number of Covid-19 cases in the near future for a locality and also the best selection method that can be employed for obtaining the optimal feature set. It has been observed that unregularized Multiple Linear regression model yields promising results on the test data set, compared to the other regression models, for predicting the future number of Covid-19 cases and Backward Elimination feature selection method performs better than other feature selection methods.
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Please write an abstract with title: Computation of the magnetostatic field by means of a mixed analytical-numerical procedure, and key words: Magnetostatics, Magnetic analysis, Current density, Magnetic domains, Inductance, Conductors, Computational geometry, Permeability, Computer errors, Electromagnetic forces. Abstract: The paper deals with a procedure for the computation of the magnetostatic field in a vacuum. A very short summary of some usual methods for the field computation is given first, recalling their advantages and drawbacks, then a mixed analytical-numerical method is presented, which makes use of the analytical solution of Biot-Savart's integral for simple elementary space domains. The method permits to obtain an accurate solution for a wide set of field source geometries, even when the field is computed inside the sources. In the end, examples of application of the method are presented.
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of Intelligent Marine Engine Room Simulation Test System Based on ZeroMQ Communication, and key words: Engines, Marine vehicles, Mathematical model, Data models, Sockets, Servers, Generators. Abstract: Intelligent ships are the direction of future ship development, and their reliability has become the key to the development of this technology. In this paper, a simulation test system based on the marine engine room simulator is established to test the safety and stability of the intelligent application system for the intelligent ship. The test system uses the marine engine room simulator operating state to obtain test data, and uses ZeroMQ (Zero Message Queue) to establish a communication mechanism to realize data communication between the test system and the intelligent ship-related intelligent application system.
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Please write an abstract with title: Comprehensive Review on Detection and Classification of Power Quality Disturbances in Utility Grid With Renewable Energy Penetration, and key words: Power quality, Monitoring, Renewable energy sources, Feature extraction, Wavelet analysis, Wavelet packets, Wavelet domain. Abstract: The global concern with power quality is increasing due to the penetration of renewable energy (RE) sources to cater the energy demands and meet de-carbonization targets. Power quality (PQ) disturbances are found to be more predominant with RE penetration due to the variable outputs and interfacing converters. There is a need to recognize and mitigate PQ disturbances to supply clean power to the consumer. This article presents a critical review of techniques used for detection and classification PQ disturbances in the utility grid with renewable energy penetration. The broad perspective of this review paper is to provide various concepts utilized for extraction of the features to detect and classify the PQ disturbances even in the noisy environment. More than 220 research publications have been critically reviewed, classified and listed for quick reference of the engineers, scientists and academicians working in the power quality area.
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5,404
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Please write an abstract with title: A Fast and Compact Hybrid CNN for Hyperspectral Imaging-based Bloodstain Classification, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Predictive models, Data models, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: In forensic sciences, blood is a shred of essential evidence for reconstructing crime scenes. Blood identification and classification may help to confirm a suspect, although several chemical processes are used to recreate the crime scene. However, these approaches can have an impact on DNA analysis. A potential application of bloodstain identification and classification using Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) can be used as substance clas-sification in forensic science for crime scene analysis. Therefore, this work proposes the use of a fast and compact Hybrid CNN to process HSI data for bloodstain identification and classification. For experimental and validation purposes, we perform exper-iments on a publicly available Hyperspectral-based Bloodstain dataset. This dataset has different types of substances i.e., blood and blood-like compounds, for instance, ketchup, artificial blood, beetroot juice, poster paint, tomato concentrate, acrylic paint, uncertain blood. We compare the results with state-of-the-art 3D CNN model and examine the results in detail and present a discussion of each tested architecture with limited availability of the training samples (e.g., only 5 % (792 samples) of the data samples are used to train the model, and validated on 5 % (792 samples) data samples and finally blindly tested on 90 % (14260 samples) of the data samples). The source code can be access on https://github.com/MHassaanButt/FCHCNN-for-HSIC
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Please write an abstract with title: Fast algorithm for rate-based optimal error protection of embedded codes, and key words: Error correction codes, Decoding, Power system protection, Image coding, Image communication, Video signal processing, Asynchronous transfer mode, Convolutional codes, Error correction, Signal processing algorithms. Abstract: Embedded image codes are very sensitive to channel noise because a single bit error can lead to an irreversible loss of synchronization between the encoder and the decoder. P.G. Sherwood and K. Zeger (see IEEE Signal Processing Lett., vol.4, p.191-8, 1997) introduced a powerful system that protects an embedded wavelet image code with a concatenation of a cyclic redundancy check coder for error detection and a rate-compatible punctured convolutional coder for error correction. For such systems, V. Chande and N. Farvardin (see IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.18, p.850-60, 2000) proposed an unequal error protection strategy that maximizes the expected number of correctly received source bits subject to a target transmission rate. Noting that an optimal strategy protects successive source blocks with the same channel code, we give an algorithm that accelerates the computation of the optimal strategy of Chande and Farvardin by finding an explicit formula for the number of occurrences of the same channel code. Experimental results with two competitive channel coders and a binary symmetric channel showed that the speed-up factor over the approach of Chande and Farvardin ranged from 2.82 to 44.76 for transmission rates between 0.25 and 2 bits per pixel.
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5,406
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Please write an abstract with title: 3-D photonic circuit technology, and key words: Optical filters, Optical waveguides, Photonic integrated circuits, III-V semiconductor materials, Riccati equations, Integrated circuit technology, Coupling circuits, Semiconductor waveguides, Optical materials, Power semiconductor switches. Abstract: Vertically coupled, wafer-bonded III-V semiconductor waveguide devices provide a means to obtain more powerful, compact photonic integrated circuits and allow for the combination of different materials onto a single chip. Various switching, filtering, multiplexing, and beam splitting devices in the InP-InGaAsP and GaAs-AlGaAs systems for signals in the 1550-nm range have been realized. An investigation of optimal optical add-drop multiplexer waveguide layout shapes has been performed through integration of the coupled-mode Riccati equation, providing potential sidelobe levels of less than -32 dB and filter bandwidths over 20% narrower than those of previous devices. Effects of nonideal processing conditions on filter performance are analyzed as well.
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5,407
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Please write an abstract with title: Towards Robust Security Risk Metrics for Networked Systems: Work in Progress, and key words: Measurement, Reactive power, Market research, Computer crime. Abstract: Security risk quantification is a necessary step in protecting critical resources in today's networked systems. Conventional security risk measures are based on the point estimates of the likelihoods of potential multi-step attacks that combine multiple vulnerabilities. Drawbacks of these measures are due to disregard for the tail risk, inherent inaccuracy of estimates of low probabilities, and reliance on the specific attacker(s) model. The recently proposed measure of cybersecurity risk - Cyber security Value at Risk (CyVaR), which is based on the VaR measure of financial risk, accounts for the tail risk. However, CyVaR still suffers from reliance on the specific attack model, and moreover has its own problems, e.g., it is not a coherent risk measure, which is currently considered to be a necessary trait of a risk measure. Following the recent trend of replacing VaR with the robust and coherent Entropic VaR (EVaR) as a financial risk measure, we suggest replacing CyVaR with CyEVaR. Using an example of a networked system and a highly motivated and capable attacker, we demonstrate that conventional risk measures may significantly underestimate the actual cybersecurity risk. Finally, we outline directions of future research.
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5,408
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Please write an abstract with title: Geometric Tolerancing using the Jacobean torsor, and key words: Jacobian matrices, Analytical models, Mathematical model, Tolerance analysis, Statistical analysis, Optimization. Abstract: In the industrial field, there is always an unavoidable risk when assembling an assembly composed of several parts, the complexity of this risk comes from the performance of the latter is only discovered at the assembly time. Designers always looking to predetermine the performance of an assembly before the assembly phase. Our work will help them to predict the behavior of the components of an assembly by using the known tolerances of the components as parameters in the Jacobian torsor model. In order to analyze the tolerances in a statistical way we will integrate in this work the jacobian torsor model and the simulation of the monte carlo. The assembly in this model is subdivided into surfaces, we will base on The parameters of the small displacement rotor (SDT) in order to express the relative position between two surfaces of the assembly. From a surface graph and the Jacobian Torsor model, we can create a 3D dimensional chain. In the last step, we will analyze the tolerances statistically with the Monte Carlo method. To analyze three-dimensional tolerances a numerical example will be used.
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5,409
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Please write an abstract with title: Driving styles and traffic density diagnosis in simulated driving conditions, and key words: Traffic control, Road vehicles, Vehicle driving, Road accidents, Road safety, Vehicle safety, Machinery production industries, Transportation, Protection, Monitoring. Abstract: This paper deals with the diagnosis of driving styles and traffic conditions. Two analyses, the multiple correspondence analysis (M.C.A.) and the discriminant analysis (D.A), have been used to classify each driving behaviour among three driving styles and two traffic densities. This has been realised during experimentations carried out on SHERPA driving simulator. 11 subjects had to drive on a combination of A-roads and B-roads, with various traffic densities. During these experimentations, drivers were filmed and variables, characteristic of vehicle position in relation to the road and of the driver's actions on the vehicle, were recorded. M.C.A was applied on theses variables, before hand cut into space modalities, to put forward steady phases in driving style and traffic conditions, and to identify the best set of recorded variables that allows to discriminate those phases. From the M.C.A. results, the D.A. allowed to perform an automatic classification of the new observations in the first factor plane resulting from the M.C.A.. This analysis combination gives satisfying results (87.5% of the samples were in the right set); that can still be improved through a better management of inter-individual differences in the analysis.
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5,410
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Please write an abstract with title: Robotic Navigation with Human Brain Signals and Deep Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Deep learning, Q-learning, Navigation, Process control, Markov processes, Feature extraction, Electroencephalography. Abstract: Navigation under a grid world has been a classical and historical theme in reinforcement learning, which is viewed as a Markov decision process (MDP) in general. The literature to date has proven that the navigation task can be addressed that an agent achieves the target with a high success rate and avoids collision with obstacles. But essentially, they met with success in a specific environment while the agent cannot work in a new surrounding, meaning that it does not boast broad applicability. In state-of-the-art approaches, poor feedback and lack of adaptability to increasing state spaces remain a problem. In this paper, we propose a modified approach to solve a series of navigation problems under moderate and huge-sized surroundings. The problem is addressed with a deep reinforcement learning algorithm with a guided classifier. We address these issues by providing a reliable guided reward with a brain-guided classifier based on human brain signals (electroencephalography, EEG) and a convolutional neural network. This paper explores several experiments to show that our model with deep RL and the brain-guided classifier can solve these complex and significant practical challenges. Our method improves efficiency by about twice as much as traditional approaches such as DQN and Q-learning.
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5,411
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and Analysis of LT Codes With a Reverse Coding Framework, and key words: Encoding, Floors, Decoding, Convergence, Bit error rate, AWGN channels, Simulation. Abstract: In this paper, an improved LT code with a reverse coding framework is designed to reduce the error floor caused by low-degree information nodes. For the proposed coding scheme, a well-designed threshold is used to mark the information nodes whose degrees are less than the threshold, and these nodes will be coded reversely to connect to enough candidate check nodes. To design the optimal threshold, firstly, the information degree distribution and the check degree distribution of the improved LT code are deduced. Then, the parameter extrinsic information gain-loss-ratio (GLR) is designed to evaluate the convergence behavior of the improved LT code. Finally, the ‘slow increase region’ of the GLR is set, and the boundary value of this region is used to deduce the optimal threshold which matches with the channel state information (CSI) and decoding overhead. To make the proposed LT code not limited to a fixed code rate, we further modify the proposed scheme. The segment coding method is used to generate a redundant generator matrix, and the check nodes corresponding to this matrix can be transmitted independently and are not limited to a fixed number. Furthermore, the connection relationship between information nodes and check nodes can be easily recorded, which improves the decoding efficiency. The advantages of the improved LT code are that the degree distributions can be formulated, the convergence behavior can be predicted, and the lowest information degree can be adjusted. Simulation results show that the improved LT code can reduce the error floor by up to 4 orders of magnitude. Besides, the designed LT code outperforms the existing LT codes in literature in terms of bit error rate (BER) performance.
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5,412
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Please write an abstract with title: Guest Editorial AI-Driven Synthetic Biology for Human Wellbeing, and key words: Special issues and sections, Artificial intelligence, Synthetic biology, Drugs, Biological diagnostic imaging, Genetics, Human factors. Abstract: The papers in this special section focus on artificial intelligence-drive applications for synthetic biology that promote human well being. Synthetic biology is an important branch of biological science, which is different and even completely opposite from traditional research direction on biology. It is obvious that synthetic biology will promote the next biotechnology revolution. At present, related researches are not limited in the painstaking splicing of genes, but have begun to construct genetic codes in order to construct new organisms using synthetic genetic factors. Specially, it is estimated that synthetic biology will have excellent application prospects in many fields, including the production of more effective vaccines, new drugs, biology based manufacturing, the production of sustainable energy, the biological treatment of environmental pollution, and biosensors that can detect toxic chemicals. In this way, synthetic biology is expected to make rapid progress in the next few years.
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5,413
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Please write an abstract with title: Study on Student engagement in the Context of Popularization of Higher Education, and key words: Training, Information science, Education, Sociology, Atmosphere, Cognition, Stakeholders. Abstract: Since the gross enrollment rate of higher education reached 51. 6% in 2019, China's higher education has entered the stage of popularization. However, the connotative development of higher education from scale expansion of quality improvement comes with the simultaneous development of quantity growth and quality improvement in higher education. In the face of quality accountability, the previous concept of education quality is no longer in line with the current development of colleges and universities, and it has become an urgent problem of China's higher education to seek more scientific evaluation methods and more appropriate evaluation subjects. Therefore, this study uses student participation as the evaluation carrier to reflect the educational quality of colleges and universities, uses the appropriate and mature learning input questionnaire—NSSE as a research tool to explore the basic situation of the educational quality of the public colleges in my country. The problem puts forward appropriate and reasonable suggestions in order to improve the quality of education in such institutions.
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5,414
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Please write an abstract with title: Diagnostic System for Large Scale Logic Cards and LSI'S, and key words: Large-scale systems, Logic, Large scale integration, Circuit faults, Computational modeling, Circuit simulation, Circuit testing, System testing, Automatic testing, Sequential circuits. Abstract: We have developed the diagnostic system, consisting of highly automated test generator, fast fault simulator and automatic fault locator. Several techniques, employed in the system, are as follows: 9-value D-Algorithm for sequential circuits., 6-value concurrent fault simulator., Functional Modeling of RAM'S, ROM'S, counters, and etc., Iterative processing of generator and simulator. This system has contributed to testing cards, and LSI'S used in Hitachi computer M-200H and others.
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5,415
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Please write an abstract with title: IoTivity Packet Parser for Encrypted Messages in Internet of Things, and key words: Protocols, Codes, Operating systems, Lead, Feature extraction, Communications technology, Internet of Things. Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) market has been ever-growing because both the demand of smart lives and the number of mobile users keep increasing. On the other hand, IoT device manufacturers tend to employ proprietary operating systems and network protocols, which may lead device interoperability issues. The Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF) has established a standard protocol for seamless IoT communication. IoTivity is one of reference implementations that conforms to the OCF specification. IoTivity utilizes both Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) and Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) to support a lightweight and secure communication. Although a packet analysis tool like Wireshark offers a feature to decrypt messages over TLS or DTLS by feeding a session key that a Web browser records, it cannot be directly applied to IoTivity because it lacks such a key-tracing functionality. In this paper, we present an IoTivity Packet Parser (IPP) for encrypted CoAP messages tailored to IoTivity. To this end, we modify IoTivity source code to extract required keys, and leverage them to parse each field automatically for further protocol analysis in a handy manner.
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5,416
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance Evaluation of Variable Constrained Based LMS Algorithm for Power System Harmonic Parameter Estimation, and key words: Power harmonic filters, Harmonic analysis, Convergence, Signal to noise ratio, Steady-state, Filtering algorithms. Abstract: This paper evaluates performance of the proposed variable constrained based Least Mean Square (VCLMS) algorithm in terms of convergence, computational time, steady state error and mean square error. The parameters of a power signal containing inter harmonics, sub harmonics and high order harmonics are estimated using the VCLMS algorithm and the results are compared with Least Mean Square (LMS) and Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) algorithms for judging the comparative performance of VCLMS in presence of white Gaussian noise with a signal to noise ratio of 20dB, 30dB and 40dB. Consequently, the proposed algorithm shows faster convergence, smaller mean square error and steady state error with a slightly higher computational time as compared to the other two algorithms. All the experiments are carried out in MATLAB simulating environment.
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5,417
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Waveguiding Structures Employing Surface Magnetoplasmons by the Finite-Element Method (Short Paper), and key words: Magnetic analysis, Surface waves, Finite element methods, Magnetic semiconductors, Dispersion, Electromagnetic fields, Dielectrics, Equations, Circuits, Circulators. Abstract: The dispersion relation and electromagnetic field distributions for a gyroelectrically loaded waveguiding structure are obtained utilizing finite-element techniques. The structure considered consists of two layers, one a dielectric and the other a semiconductor, bounded by two perfectly conducting planes. The finite-element solution for the lowest real branches in the dispersion spectrum was compared against a numerical solution of the exact dispersion equation, and excellent agreement was found between the two. The structure, exhibiting nonreciprocal behavior, provides a suitable canonical model for the design of circuit components such as circulators, isolators, and phase shifters.
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5,418
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Please write an abstract with title: A Method to Perform Soft Material Spectroscopy of a Defect, and key words: Spectroscopy, Time-frequency analysis, Profitability, Tools, Metrology, Inspection, Software. Abstract: Material spectroscopy (MS) is used to identify elemental composition of micro particles. Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX or EDS) is one such method. EDX analysis of defects found during wafer inspection aids in performing their root cause analysis (RCA). However, due to large processing time of EDX, it is applied very judiciously on a few chosen defects only. A wafer can typically contain ~100s of defects. The defect coverage of EDX is ~1% [1] thereby resulting in considerable gap in proper diagnosis and RCA. To overcome this issue, we demonstrate a soft method to perform MS of defects. The method predicts accurate elemental compositions of defect and background (~80%F1) when compared with EDX predictions on the same defect. The method is fast and could increase defect coverage for MS to ~100%. This can significantly improve RCA and thus help in Yield Enhancement (YE). Computing exact YE is complex as it involves many hidden and un-trackable factors. We perform theoretical high level modelling of more tangible factors i.e. profitability per month of Fab which is directly proportional to YE and theoretically show 14.6% improvement using our soft MS method.
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5,419
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Please write an abstract with title: Cohen's class time-frequency representation in linear canonical domains: definition and properties, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Energy conservation, Kernel, Transforms, Correlation, Delay effects, TV. Abstract: The traditional Cohen's class time-frequency representation is extended to the linear canonical domain by using a well-established closed-form instantaneous cross-correlation function (CICF) type of linear canonical transform (LCT) free parameters embedded approach. The derived CICF type of Cohen's class (CICFCC) unifies some well-known Cohen's classes in linear canonical domains including the affine characteristic, basis function, convolution expression and instantaneous crosscorrelation function types of Cohen's classes, and can be considered as the Cohen's class's closed-form representation in linear canonical domains. A fundamental theory about the CICFCC's essential properties, such as marginal distribution, energy conservation, unique reconstruction, Moyal formula, complex conjugate symmetry, time reversal symmetry, scaling property, time shift property, frequency shift property, and LCT invariance, is then established. Possible applications are also carried out to illustrate that the CICFCC outperforms the traditional one in nonstationary signal separation and detection.
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5,420
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Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Approach towards Prediction of Diseases Using Machine Learning Algorithms, and key words: Diseases, Machine learning algorithms, Prediction algorithms, Machine learning, Classification algorithms, Industries. Abstract: Healthcare is a human right and in this complex technology driven world, healthcare industry is equipped with modern technology for the solution of disease but struggles when it comes to prevent them beforehand. Machine learning can transform healthcare industry. Machine Learning provides a wide scope of apparatuses, strategies and structures to address difficulties like electronic record the executives, information combination, PC supported judgments and disease expectation. This research paper aims to predict disease accurately according to the symptoms of patients and helps doctor in better diagnosis, further reducing the cost of treatment and improving quality of life. It includes the comparative study of the outcomes and time required for analysis and prediction of disease by various machine learning algorithms and contribute towards research in healthcare department.
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5,421
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Please write an abstract with title: Digital Coding Metasurfaces: From Theory to Applications, and key words: Metasurfaces, Channel coding, Reflection, Information entropy, P-i-n diodes, Field programmable gate arrays, Scattering. Abstract: The concept of “coding metasurfaces” was first put forward in 2014 and has developed rapidly during the past few years, originating several intriguing ramifications. The essential underlying idea is to discretize the local geometry, constitutive parameters, and electromagnetic (EM) responses (e.g., the phase, amplitude, and polarization) so that they can be represented via sequences of digits (e.g., “0” and “1”). This concept breaks the boundaries between traditional analog and digital devices, bridging the physical and information worlds, and opens up new perspectives in the design of metasurfaces.
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5,422
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Please write an abstract with title: Multiuser diversity with quantized feedback, and key words: Feedback, Processor scheduling, Signal to noise ratio, Computer simulation, Quality of service, Fading, Diversity methods, Throughput, Closed-form solution, Rayleigh channels. Abstract: In this paper, we propose an optimal discrete rate switch-based multiuser diversity system (DSMUDiv) that reduces the feedback load while preserving the essential of the scheme's performance in some cases. We examine the DSMUDiv scheme using two scheduling criteria depending on the distribution of the mobile users in the cell: (i) absolute signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-based scheduling in the case of independent and identical distributed (i.i.d.) users, and (ii) normalized SNR-based scheduling in the case of non-i.i.d. users. The paper includes the derivation of closed-form expressions of the feedback load in the case of absolute and normalized SNR-based scheduling and the spectral efficiency in the case of absolute SNR-based scheduling. Computer simulation is used to evaluate the spectral efficiency in the case of normalized SNR-based scheduling. Under slow Rayleigh fading assumption, we compare our scheme with the optimal (full feedback load) selective diversity scheme
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5,423
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Please write an abstract with title: A Framework of Electricity Market Based on Two-Layer Stochastic Power Management for Microgrids, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Substations, Security, Mathematical models, Indexes, Reliability, Load modeling. Abstract: This Article Develops a Novel Multi-Microgrids (MMGs) Participation Framework in the Day-Ahead Energy and Ancillary Services, i.e. Services of Reactive Power and Reserve Regulation, Markets Incorporating the Smart Distribution Network (SDN) Objectives Based on Two-Layer Power Management System (PMS). A Bi-Level Optimization Structure Is Introduced Wherein the Upper Level Models Optimal Scheduling of SDN in the Presence of MMGs While Considering the Bilateral Coordination Between Microgrids (MGs) and SDN’s Operators, i.e. Second Layer’s PMS. This Layer Is Responsible for Minimizing Energy Loss, Expected Energy Not-Supplied, and Voltage Security as the Sum of Weighted Functions. In Addition, the Proposed Problem Is Subject to Linearized AC Optimal Power Flow (LAC-OPF), Reliability and Security Constraints to Make It More Practical. Lower Level Addresses Participation of MGs in the Competitive Market Based on Bilateral Coordination Among Sources, Active Loads and MGs’ Operator (First Layer’s PMS). The Problem Formulation Then Tries to Minimize the Difference Between MGs’ Cost and Revenue in Markets While Satisfying Constraints of LAC-OPF Equations, Reliability, Security, and Flexibility of the MGs. Karush–Kuhn–Tucker Method Is Exploited to Achieve a Single-Level Model. Moreover, a Stochastic Programming Model Is Introduced to Handle the Uncertainties of Load, Renewable Power, Energy Price, the Energy Demand of Mobile Storage, and Availability of Network Equipment. The Simulation Results Confirm the Capabilities of the Suggested Stochastic Two-Layer Scheme in Simultaneous Evaluation of the Optimal Status of Different Technical and Economic Indices of the SDN and MGs.
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5,424
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Please write an abstract with title: Real-time control for deterministic and dynamic networks, and key words: deterministic network, data centre, optical networks, edge cloud, latency control. Abstract: We propose a dynamic control system for deterministic networks and demonstrate complete network reconfiguration in less than 20μs through a few km long network while guaranteeing deterministic latency. We introduce a novel real-time controller using FPGA and implemented in an all-optical data centre network testbed.
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5,425
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Please write an abstract with title: The Razor Search Program (Computer Program Descriptions), and key words: Packaging, Search methods, Time of arrival estimation, Minimax techniques, Input variables, Logic testing, Electric breakdown, Logic arrays, Programmable logic arrays, Random number generation. Abstract: The razor search program is a package of subroutines which locates the minimum of a function of several variables by the razor search method of Bandler and Macdonald.
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5,426
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Please write an abstract with title: Focus Measures Assessment for Astronomical Images, and key words: Extraterrestrial measurements, Discrete cosine transforms, Manganese, Frequency modulation, Laplace equations, Entropy, Correlation. Abstract: Precise focus is an essential step in astronomical research since an accurate measure of celestial objects properties depends on it. This paper presents a performance comparison of different focus measure operators. The focus operators are applied to five sequences of star-clusters observations. These sequences are observed using the 74-inch telescope of Kottamia Astronomical Observatory (KAO). Each sequence contains in-focus and out-of-focus frames. The experimental results show that the Normalized Variance has the least distance between the best overall score and least standard error.
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5,427
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Please write an abstract with title: Global exponential stability of a general class of recurrent neural networks with time-varying delays, and key words: Stability, Recurrent neural networks, Inductance, Neural networks, Delay effects, Conductors, Equations, Microwave theory and techniques, Convergence, Automatic control. Abstract: This brief presents new theoretical results on the global exponential stability of neural networks with time-varying delays and Lipschitz continuous activation functions. These results include several sufficient conditions for the global exponential stability of general neural networks with time-varying delays and without monotone, bounded, or continuously differentiable activation function. In addition to providing new criteria for neural networks with time-varying delays, these stability conditions also improve upon the existing ones with constant time delays and without time delays. Furthermore, it is convenient to estimate the exponential convergence rates of the neural networks by using the results.
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5,428
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Please write an abstract with title: Cognitive Continuous Tracking Algorithm for Centralized Multistatic Sonar Systems, and key words: Target tracking, Oceans, Sonar, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Numerical simulation, Robustness. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel detection and tracking algorithm to improve the performance of continuous tracking of submarine for multistatic sonar systems. The algorithm focuses on a centralized fusion architecture and a cognitive closed loop. In the following trail of submarine, the future trajectory of the submarine and its echo intensity for different transmit-receive combinations are roughly predicted, where the target echo model is assumed to be a priori. These predicted echo intensity is fed back to the frontend detection and tracking processes. Then the proposed algorithm could adaptively adjust the key parameters of the centralized fusion rule. Moreover, the track management strategy is also adjusted based on the feedback information. At the beginning of another cycle after tracking, the future trajectory and the echo intensity of the target are predicted again. We use numerical simulations to evaluate the behavior of the proposed algorithm. It is demonstrated that the cognitive approach achieves a better performance of continuous tracking compared with the conventional non-cognitive method in terms of track probability of detection and track fragmentation rate.
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5,429
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Please write an abstract with title: Equation of state and electron transport effects in exploding wire evolution, and key words: Equations, Electrons, Wire, Conductivity, Magnetohydrodynamics, Voltage, Earth Observing System, Laboratories, Solid modeling, Lagrangian functions. Abstract: Accurate MHD modeling of a single exploding Al wire is a prerequisite to being able to model a wire array. We have compared our simulation results to the high-quality laboratory measurements from exploding-wire experiments recently done at Cornell University. Exploding wire simulations have identified regions where our transport models must be most accurate. Improvements we have made in these regions (e.g., solid density, near melt, and the metal-insulator transition) have proven to be critical for achieving accurate simulations.
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5,430
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Please write an abstract with title: A Measure of Energy Density to Quantify Progress in Pb-free Piezoelectric Material Development, and key words: Couplings, Ultrasonic transducers, Geometry, Ultrasonic variables measurement, Density measurement, Piezoelectric materials, Energy measurement. Abstract: The negative environmental impact of Pb has led to an increased demand for Pb-free electronics. This is particularly important in ultrasonic transducers where Pb-based piezoelectric materials, primarily ceramic PZT, are the dominant choice. Naturally for Pb-free materials to become a viable option, the performance must match that of the current standard. However, present comparison methods and figures of merit for piezoelectric materials are based on specific use cases which can lead to disparate results. In the work described here, a new measure is developed for the performance of a piezoelectric material, based on its energy density. This was achieved by developing a generalized electromechanical coupling factor derived from first principles and defined at zero frequency. It encompasses all conversion mechanisms allowed by symmetry and so avoids any resonance/geometry effects which obscure the pure material response. Comparison between Pb-free materials using this new coupling factor are made within the context of PZT and high performance piezocrystal and were validated using finite element analysis. Whilst no Pb-free materials currently match the level of PZT/single crystal by this method, it is shown that the new figure of merit is independent of geometry and other spatial effects and thus allows a fully unbiased comparison between materials. Hence it defines a universal measure against which Pb-free material development may be traced.
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Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Based Gastro Intestinal Disease Analysis Using Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Images, and key words: Wireless communication, Performance evaluation, Endoscopes, Computer architecture, Feature extraction, Gastrointestinal tract, Telecommunications. Abstract: Accurate detection of gastrointestinal illnesses is decisive for early cancer diagnosis and its treatment. However, manual analysis is time-consuming and requires a professional gastroenterologist. An efficient, robust and light-weight multi-class classification framework is proposed for screening different gastrointestinal diseases. A shallow neural network is developed that can extract the discriminative features by convolution of wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) image even though the diseased images share common patterns. The network is optimised with various optimisation techniques to get the most optimised classification network. The proposed framework is capableof handling the challenges present in the dataset to improve the efficacy of the classification network. The network diagnoses unseen WCE image with 90% accuracy. The developed architecture is compared with other state-of-the-art networks and found to be highly efficient. The proposed network has the potential to perform better in limited computation and resource requirements.
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5,432
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Please write an abstract with title: WLAN Fingerprint Localization with Stable Access Point Selection and Deep LSTM, and key words: Fingerprint recognition, Feature extraction, Databases, Wireless fidelity, Machine learning algorithms, Machine learning, Indoor environments. Abstract: With the development of communication technologies, the demand for location-based services is growing rapidly. The presence of a large number of Wi-Fi network infrastructures in buildings makes Wi-Fi-based indoor positioning systems the most popular and practical means of providing location-based services in indoor environments. This paper proposes a machine learning indoor positioning method based on received signal strength. This algorithm considers the access point (AP) selection strategy to reduce the computational load and enhance noise robustness whereby improving the positioning accuracy. The local feature extraction method is used to extract powerful local features to further reduce the noise impact. We then employ the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network to learn high-level representations for the extracted local features. The proposed method has been tested both in the simulation environment and the real environment. The experimental results show that the algorithm can greatly improve the accuracy and computational complexity of position prediction.
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5,433
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Please write an abstract with title: CDNet: Contrastive Disentangled Network for Fine-Grained Image Categorization of Ocular B-Scan Ultrasound, and key words: Fine-grained categorization, ocular B-scan ultrasound, disentangled, contrastive learning. Abstract: Precise and rapid categorization of images in the B-scan ultrasound modality is vital for diagnosing ocular diseases. Nevertheless, distinguishing various diseases in ultrasound still challenges experienced ophthalmologists. Thus a novel contrastive disentangled network (CDNet) is developed in this work, aiming to tackle the fine-grained image categorization (FGIC) challenges of ocular abnormalities in ultrasound images, including intraocular tumor (IOT), retinal detachment (RD), posterior scleral staphyloma (PSS), and vitreous hemorrhage (VH). Three essential components of CDNet are the weakly-supervised lesion localization module (WSLL), contrastive multi-zoom (CMZ) strategy, and hyperspherical contrastive disentangled loss (HCD-Loss), respectively. These components facilitate feature disentanglement for fine-grained recognition in both the input and output aspects. The proposed CDNet is validated on our ZJU Ocular Ultrasound Dataset (ZJUOUSD), consisting of 5213 samples. Furthermore, the generalization ability of CDNet is validated on two public and widely-used chest X-ray FGIC benchmarks. Quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed CDNet, which achieves state-of-the-art performance in the FGIC task.
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5,434
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Please write an abstract with title: 320 GHz Analog-to-Digital Converter Exploiting Kerr Soliton Combs and Photonic-Electronic Spectral Stitching, and key words: Electrooptic modulators, Modulation, Europe, Solitons, Coherence, Bandwidth, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: We demonstrate a photonic-electronic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) offering a record-high acquisition bandwidth of 320 GHz. The system combines a high-speed electro-optic modulator with a Kerr comb for spectrally sliced coherent detection and is used for digitizing ultra-broadband data signals.
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5,435
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Please write an abstract with title: High Level Petri Net Model for Control Problem of Autonomous Navigation in Container Terminal, and key words: Navigation, Roads, Petri nets, Road vehicles, Prototypes, Containers, Autonomous aerial vehicles. Abstract: This work addresses the issue of the modeling of a system of systems of autonomous road and aerial vehicles, allowing making a resilient navigation inside Container Terminals (CT). The road vehicles are characterized by Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles (IAV), able to transport containers inside the terminal based on Global Signal Positioning (GPS). The Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are present in the CT, emulating a redundant positioning data of the IAV, where its navigational signals are disturbed inside corridor of stacked containers inside the CT. In this framework, we propose a high-level Petri net model, allowing to control the IAV movement while reconstructing the positioning data of the IAV, due to the communication between the IAV and the UAV. Studied as an SoS, this work addresses the IAV reconfiguration in resilient condition, as a mode management problem. The aspects of mode activation/deactivation, starting state and handling of resource states common to multiple operating modes are taken into account in the proposed model.
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5,436
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Please write an abstract with title: Application decomposition for high-speed network processing platforms, and key words: High-speed networks, Computer architecture, Hardware, Application software, Transport protocols, High speed optical techniques, Optical network units, Optical fiber networks, Application specific integrated circuits, Semiconductor devices. Abstract: The rapid advancements in optical networking have increased the capacity of physical links. As an alternative to the ASIC or generic microprocessor-based approaches, new semiconductor devices have emerged, called network processors (NP), optimised to provide programmable processing of protocol data units in networks with diverse requirements for current and emerging protocols and services. In this paper we present a NP architecture that targets the tight coupling of software and hardware for the efficient execution of telecommunication protocols. The proposed architecture is based on a high-performance RISC core, which is extended with reconfigurable, pipelined hardware. Additionally, we discuss the application spectrum of the proposed NP and describe a statefull-inspection application for an IP-firewall system. To identify time-critical operations, CPU-consuming functions and the common execution path pertaining to the statefull-inspection application, extensive protocol profiling has been performed resulting in an efficient SW/HW partitioning of the application on the proposed NP platform. The analysis performed concludes that the described protocol processor can sustain demanding protocol processing up to the transport layer for multiple Gbits/sec of incoming network traffic.
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5,437
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Please write an abstract with title: Designing the haptic turntable for musical control, and key words: Haptic interfaces, Ear, Music, Control systems, Force feedback, Pressing, Art, Virtual environment, Teleoperators. Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of D'Groove, an intelligent Disc Jockey (DJ) system that features the use of haptic force feedback to expand the expressive abilities of the traditional DJ setup. We begin by describing the tasks of a DJ and defining some of the challenges associated with the traditional DJ process. We then introduce our new system, discussing how it alleviates these problems and at the same time introduces new performance possibilities. This is followed by a detailed description of some of the haptics-design-related problems that we solved in the course of building the system, including a method for accurately calculating low velocities. We conclude with a discussion of the role of haptics within the DJ domain.
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5,438
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Please write an abstract with title: Verification of Bounded Inclusion Problem for Timed Automata with Diagonal Constraints, and key words: Upper bound, Automata, Data structures, Time complexity, Clocks. Abstract: The verification of the inclusion problem between two timed languages accepted by timed automata is undecidable in the general case. In the literature, there are several studies proposing decidable solutions for this problem under some restrictions. An interesting work, [4], proposes a theory of timed bounded verification applied to a non-Zeno timed automaton with an upper bound. The solution framework is based on a new discretization technique for timed automata without clocks reset and simple constraints restrictions. The first contribution in this paper aims at proposing an extension of this discretization technique to solve the non-diagonal constraints restriction applied to the timed automata without clocks reset. The proposed solution consists to integrate the Difference Bound Matrices DBM data structure to update the old discretized language. The second contribution focuses on designing all required algorithms relative to the generation of the timed bounded discretized language and the verification of the inclusion problem. In addition, we calculate the time complexity of each proposed algorithm.
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5,439
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Please write an abstract with title: SCANet: A Unified Semi-Supervised Learning Framework for Vessel Segmentation, and key words: Image segmentation, Training, Decoding, Data models, Recurrent neural networks, Adversarial machine learning, Testing. Abstract: Automatic subcutaneous vessel imaging with near-infrared (NIR) optical apparatus can promote the accuracy of locating blood vessels, thus significantly contributing to clinical venipuncture research. Though deep learning models have achieved remarkable success in medical image segmentation, they still struggle in the subfield of subcutaneous vessel segmentation due to the scarcity and low-quality of annotated data. To relieve it, this work presents a novel semi-supervised learning framework, SCANet, that achieves accurate vessel segmentation through an alternate training strategy. The SCANet is composed of a multi-scale recurrent neural network that embeds coarse-to-fine features and two auxiliary branches, a consistency decoder and an adversarial learning branch, responsible for strengthening fine-grained details and eliminating differences between ground-truths and predictions, respectively. Equipped with a novel semi-supervised alternate training strategy, the three components work collaboratively, enabling SCANet to accurately segment vessel regions with only a handful of labeled data and abounding unlabeled data. Moreover, to mitigate the shortage of annotated data in this field, we provide a new subcutaneous vessel dataset, VESSEL-NIR. Extensive experiments on a wide variety of tasks, including the segmentation of subcutaneous vessels, retinal vessels, and skin lesions, well demonstrate the superiority and generality of our approach.
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5,440
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Please write an abstract with title: Monolithically integrated wavelength converter: Sagnac interferometer integrated with parallel-amplifier structure (SIPAS) and its application, and key words: Sagnac interferometers, Optical wavelength conversion, Optical filters, Phase modulation, Photonics, Bit rate, Optical signal processing, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Wavelength conversion, Wavelength division multiplexing. Abstract: A Sagnac interferometer monolithically integrated with parallel-amplifier structure (SIPAS) is described. Filter-free wavelength conversion and full bit-rate conversion from 10-Gb/s random WDM channels to a 40-Gb/s channel were demonstrated.
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5,441
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Please write an abstract with title: A Gray Scale Correction Method for Side-Scan Sonar Images Based on GAN, and key words: Visualization, Energy loss, Acoustic distortion, Oceans, Sonar, Generative adversarial networks, Gallium nitride. Abstract: During the acquisition of a side-scan sonar image, energy loss occurs in the sonar acoustic waves, which lead to gray scale distortion in side-scan sonar images. Therefore, gray scale correction of the side-scan sonar image is necessary before further processing of side-scan sonar images. In this paper, we introduce the causes of gray scale distortion in side-scan sonar images and several commonly used methods of image gray scale correction. Analyze the shortcomings of existing methods, according to the characteristics of the side-scan sonar image, we propose a gray scale correction method based on generative adversarial network(GAN). In addition to presenting a new approach, we introduce a new refined loss function for achieving improved results. The loss function is aimed at reducing artifacts introduced by GAN and achieve better visual quality. Experiments show that the proposed method can effectively correct the gray distortion in the image.
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5,442
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Please write an abstract with title: An active transmission line analysis of groove guides with arbitrary groove profiles, and key words: Transmission lines, Equations, Skin, Transmission line theory, Attenuation, Propagation losses, Perturbation methods, Mutual coupling, Frequency, Information analysis. Abstract: In this paper, a new method for analyzing groove guides with arbitrary groove profile is presented, which is based on the combination of an active equivalent transmission line equation and staircase approximation. Numerical results for attenuation constants of some groove guides are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented approach.
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5,443
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Please write an abstract with title: Action recognition of skiers based on inertial sensors, and key words: Inertial sensors, Wearable computers, Signal processing, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: In this study, we present a method for identifying ski jumpers' actions based on a variety of inertial data. Multiple convolutional neural networks are used to recognize each action phase and find the nodes with high recognition accuracy. The data acquired during ski jumping is separated into action phases and then processed to give stacked inertial signal images. According to the results, it is possible to distinguish the wearing part of a speed-type wearable inertial sensor and recognize the action phase during the ski jumping competitions more correctly and effectively.
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5,444
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Please write an abstract with title: Model-Free Predictive Current Control for Three-Phase Power Converters With LCL Filter, and key words: Inverters, Predictive models, Capacitors, Voltage control, Current control, Voltage measurement, Radio frequency. Abstract: This paper proposes a model-free predictive current control (MFPCC) based on ultra-local model algorithm to control the grid-connected, pulse-width modulator driven voltage source converters with LCL filters. Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) technique can offer superior dynamic response and the use of ultra-local model can offer robust control performance. Resonant current compensation is added in the out-loop control to eliminate the steady-state tracking error and to achieve superior disturbance rejection. A 3-phase/150V VSR with LCL filter experimental platform has been established to validate that utilizing the proposed ultra-local based MFPCC method, insensitivity to power supply fluctuations and to large load variations is ensured, which showing excellent agreement with those obtained in simulation.
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5,445
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Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Based Staging of Bone Lesions From Computed Tomography Scans, and key words: Lesions, Bones, Computed tomography, Prostate cancer, Three-dimensional displays, Imaging, Metastasis. Abstract: In this study, we formulated an efficient deep learning-based classification strategy for characterizing metastatic bone lesions using computed tomography scans (CTs) of prostate cancer patients. For this purpose, 2,880 annotated bone lesions from CT scans of 114 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer were used for training, validation, and final evaluation. These annotations were in the form of lesion full segmentation, lesion type and labels of either benign or malignant. In this work, we present our approach in developing the state-of-the-art model to classify bone lesions as benign or malignant, where (1) we introduce a valuable dataset to address a clinically important problem, (2) we increase the reliability of our model by patient-level stratification of our dataset following lesion-aware distribution at each of the training, validation, and test splits, (3) we explore the impact of lesion texture, morphology, size, location, and volumetric information on the classification performance, (4) we investigate the functionality of lesion classification using different algorithms including lesion-based average 2D ResNet-50, lesion-based average 2D ResNeXt-50, 3D ResNet-18, 3D ResNet-50, as well as the ensemble of 2D ResNet-50 and 3D ResNet-18. For this purpose, we employed a train/validation/test split equal to 75%/12%/13% with several data augmentation methods applied to the training dataset to avoid overfitting and to increase reliability. We achieved an accuracy of 92.2% for correct classification of benign vs. malignant bone lesions in the test set using an ensemble of lesion-based average 2D ResNet-50 and 3D ResNet-18 with texture, volumetric information, and morphology having the greatest discriminative power respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest ever achieved lesion-level accuracy having a very comprehensive data set for such a clinically important problem. This level of classification performance in the early stages of metastasis development bodes well for clinical translation of this strategy.
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5,446
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Please write an abstract with title: Using Neural Networks for Two Dimensional Scientific Data Compression, and key words: PSNR, Image coding, Scientific computing, Computational modeling, Bit rate, Neural network compression, Big Data. Abstract: Continual advances in high-performance computing have enabled the development of higher resolution and more realistic simulations of a wide variety of scientific phenomena. As a result, many computational science communities are increasingly constrained by the massive volumes of data produced, for example, strict storage constraints often force reductions in the number of output variables, data output frequency, or simulation length. Accordingly, modelers across many scientific domains are beginning to adopt purpose-built scientific data compression techniques as an effective mitigation for these challenges. The origins of scientific data compression tools every so often lie in image and video compression. Recently, compression researchers have achieved state-of-the-art performance using neural networks for natural image compression, but this achievement has yet to be adapted to scientific data. This paper assesses the performance of an existing autoencoder neural network compression algorithm on two sets of two-dimensional floating-point scientific data. Compared to state-of-the-art scientific data compression algorithms SZ and ZFP, this out-of-the-box neural network achieves higher peak signal-to-noise ratios at low bit rates, and remains competitive in controlling maximum point-wise error. This preliminary assessment paves the way for future research into neural network compression on floating-point scientific data.
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5,447
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance Measurements of Optical Scintillating Fibers after Repeated Exposure to Radiation, and key words: Optical fibers, Degradation, Radiation effects, Optical fiber sensors, Biomedical optical imaging, Conferences, Optical variables measurement. Abstract: We report the preliminary results from repeated irradiations of optical scintillating fibers exposed to gamma radiation. Optical fibers degrade in radiation fields, but exhibit some recovery once removed. Study of repeated irradiations are difficult to find in the literature. We find that a UV-blue optical wavelength shifting fiber exhibits permanent degradation, the recovery is incomplete, and an interesting two step damage process that appears to affect which wavelengths are darkened at different rates.
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5,448
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Please write an abstract with title: Impact of the cation exchange capacity on dielectric relaxation spectra of water saturated clays, and key words: Refractive index, Mixture models, Network analyzers, Soil, Rocks, Dielectric measurement, Dielectrics. Abstract: Clay is a key mineral phase in soil science and geotechnical engineering due to its ubiquitous appearance in soils and sedimentary rocks. Under moist conditions exchangeable cations at clay mineral interfaces dissociate and form an electrostatic double layer. Hence, clay dielectric relaxation spectra contain valuable information of the material due to strong contributions by interactions between aqueous pore solution and mineral phases. Against this background, dielectric relaxation spectra of kaoline, illite and two bentonites were measured at water saturation with network analyzer technique in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 5 GHz. To relate physicochemical material parameters such as cation exchange capacity or specific surface area to the dielectric relaxation behavior, measured dielectric relaxation spectra were parameterized by a generalized fractional dielectric relaxation model (GDR), a mixture model in combination with a Cole-Cole relaxation function (augmented broadband complex dielectric mixture model - ABC-M) and a theoretical mixture equation (complex refractive index model CRIM). The spectra show clear signatures of the dominated clay mineral. There is evidence that relaxation parameters of the low frequency dispersion in terms of relaxation strength and apparent direct current conductivity are closely related to the cation exchange capacity.
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5,449
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Please write an abstract with title: Human adaptive GUI design for teleoperation system, and key words: Humans, Graphical user interfaces, Feedback, Intelligent robots, Mobile robots, User interfaces, Man machine systems, Mechanical systems, Cognition, Control systems. Abstract: This paper addresses a human adaptive user interface design for teleoperation system. An advantage of a teleoperation system is human abilities are included. For example, human has abilities to predict some trouble and make a global plan. These abilities contribute to flexible and intelligent operation which autonomous robots cannot achieve. On the other hand, a major problem of the teleoperation is that quality and quantity of feedback information are not enough due to communicational constraints. Furthermore, human cognition capabilities and presentation functions of a user interface have limitations although human operators should understand a lot of feedback information. To improve these problems, suitable presentation of alert information is considered. In our research, the graphical user interface, which has an effective alert function to reduce operator's misrecognition, is proposed. That is, the alert information is emphasized depending on human cognition characteristics. Note that, the characteristics are variable depending on information emphasis media and the position. In this paper, the human sensitivities on graphical user interface are measured in order to realize the efficient alert presentation.
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5,450
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Please write an abstract with title: Controlling Weather Field Synthesis Using Variational Autoencoders, and key words: Climate change, Weather forecasting, Geoscience and remote sensing, Generators, Data models, Meteorology. Abstract: One of the consequences of climate change is an observed increase in the frequency of extreme climate events. That poses a challenge for weather forecast and generation algorithms, which learn from historical data but should embed an often uncertain bias to create correct scenarios. This paper investigates how mapping climate data to a known distribution using variational autoencoders might help explore such biases and control the synthesis of weather fields towards scenarios with more frequent extreme weather events. We experimented using a monsoon-affected precipitation dataset from southwest India, which should give a roughly stable pattern of rainy days and ease investigating the suitability of our solution. We report compelling results showing that mapping complex weather data to a known distribution implements an efficient control for weather field synthesis towards more (or less) extreme scenarios.
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5,451
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Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Aerial Image RegistrationWithout Correspondence, and key words: Image registration, Computer vision, Layout, Image edge detection, Histograms, Human computer interaction, Image matching, Shape, Voting, Image sensors. Abstract: This paper presents an approach for registering aerial images taken at different time, viewpoints, or heights. Different from conventional image registration algorithms, our approach does not need image matching or correspondence. In this approach, we extract a number of corner features as the basis for registration and create a number of image patches with the corner points as centers on both reference and observed images. In order to let the corresponding patches cover same scene, we use a circle which the radius can be changed as the shape of the image patches. In this way, the image patches can handle the case in which there are rotation and scaling at the same time between reference and observed images. With the orientation differences of patches between these two images, we create an angle histogram with a voting procedure. The rotation angle between the two images can be determined by seeking the orientation difference that corresponds to the maximum peak in the histogram. Once we get the rotation angle, we seek back for the two corresponding patches which the value of orientation difference is the same as the rotation angle. The ratio of radii of these two patches is the value of the scaling. The proposed approach can handle the situation of large rotation and scaling between reference and observed images. It is applied to real aerial images and the results are very satisfying.
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5,452
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Please write an abstract with title: A Fully Integrated Gas Detection System With Programmable Heating Voltage and Digital Output Rate for Gas Sensor Array, and key words: Sensors, Gas detectors, Resistance, Electrical resistance measurement, Sensor arrays, Semiconductor device measurement, Voltage measurement. Abstract: In this paper, a gas detection system for 2 x 2 MEMS gas sensor array is proposed. It has multiple measurement channels, programmable heating voltage, programmable measurement time, 24-bit digital output with 8-bit accuracy, wide measurement range and high linearity. The chip is realized in SMIC 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology with an area of 1.58 mm x 1.66 mm. The result of the fixed resistance measurement shows that the linearity of the resistance ranges (200 Ω-200 KΩ, 200 Ω -500 KΩ,200 Ω-1 MΩ, 200 Ω-2 MΩ, 200 Ω-5MΩ, and 200 Ω-10MΩ) are all less than 1% at different measurement time intervals. At 1 s measurement time, the circuit has a wide detectable resistance range (200 Ω -10 MΩ), and high linearity of 0.3047%. The experimental results combined with the resistive MEMS gas sensor array show that the circuit has a good detection effect in the gas concentration range (0 ppm-340 ppm), and can even detect the change of gas concentration at a low concentration of 0.1 ppm. Moreover, the system can detect different responses of the same sensor at different heating voltages.
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5,453
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Please write an abstract with title: Do You Do Yoga? Understanding Twitter Users' Types and Motivations using Social and Textual Information, and key words: Social networking (online), Computational modeling, Blogs, Neural networks, Semantics, Predictive models, Task analysis. Abstract: Leveraging social media data to understand people's lifestyle choices is an exciting domain to explore but requires a multiview formulation of the data. In this paper, we propose a joint embedding model based on the fusion of neural networks with attention mechanism by incorporating social and textual information of users to understand their activities and motivations. We use well-being related tweets from Twitter, focusing on ‘Yoga’. We demonstrate our model on two downstream tasks: (i) finding user type such as either practitioner or promotional (promoting yoga studio/gym), other; (ii) finding user motivation i.e. health benefit, spirituality, love to tweet/retweet about yoga but do not practice yoga.
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5,454
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Please write an abstract with title: DeepPRFM: Pairwise Ranking Factorization Machine Based on Deep Neural Network Enhancement, and key words: Training, Learning systems, Measurement, Knowledge engineering, Neural networks, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: In the field of personalized ranking with implicit feedback data, the pairwise learning is an important technology widely used. This method can not only learn user interest from the recorded user feedback, but also learn user preferences from the potential interaction between users and items. When modeling the interaction features between users and items, the existing methods pay more attention to modeling the high-order interaction model of interaction features but do not pay enough attention to the modeling and learning of input features of original users and items. However, the original input feature is the first-hand information that best reflects the user and the item. In order to solve the above shortcomings, we pay due attention to the original input features, integrate the high-order interaction features of users and items with the original input features, and present a new personalized ranking model DeepPRFM by using the paired learning method in this paper. In addition, the system cold start problem also hinders the pairwise learning method. We have conducted more explorations in the experimental process, and found that by increasing the proportion of negative samples, the effect of the model can be greatly improved, the training speed of the model can be accelerated and the cold start problem of the system can be alleviated. Experimental results on two real data sets demonstrate the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods in personalized ranking. Code is available at: https://github.con sunchch/DeepPRFM.
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5,455
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Please write an abstract with title: SimdHT-Bench: Characterizing SIMD-Aware Hash Table Designs on Emerging CPU Architectures, and key words: Program processors, Computer architecture, Lakes, Parallel processing, Benchmark testing, Throughput, Table lookup. Abstract: With the emergence of modern multi-core CPU architectures that support data parallelism via vectorization, several storage systems have been employing SIMD-based techniques to optimize data-parallel operations on in-memory structures like hash-tables. In this paper, we perform an in-depth characterization of the opportunities for incorporating AVX vectorization-based SIMD-aware designs for hash table lookups on emerging CPU architectures. We analyze the challenges and design dimensions involved in exploiting vectorization-based parallel key searching over cache-optimized non-SIMD hash tables. Based on this, we design a comprehensive micro-benchmark suite, SimdHT-Bench, that enables evaluating the performance and applicability of CPU SIMD-aware hash table designs for accelerating different read-intensive workloads. With SimdHT-Bench, we study five different use-case scenarios with varied workload patterns, on the latest Intel Skylake and Intel Cascade Lake multi-core CPU nodes. Further, to validate the applicability of SimdHT-Bench, we employ these performance studies to design a high-performance SIMD-aware RDMA-based in-memory key-value store to accelerate the Memcached ‘Multi-Get’ workload. We demonstrate that the SIMD-integrated designs can achieve up to 1.45x-2.04x improvement in server-side Get throughput and up to 34% improvement in end-to-end Multi-Get latencies over the state-of-the-art CPU-optimized non-SIMD MemC3 hash table design, on a high-performance compute cluster with Intel Skylake processors and InfiniBand EDR interconnects.
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Please write an abstract with title: Improving Brain Tumor Multiclass Classification With Semantic Features, and key words: Training, Image segmentation, Semantics, Brain modeling, Convolutional neural networks, Reliability, Task analysis. Abstract: Histopathological examination of biopsy tissues is still utilized to diagnose and classify brain cancers today. The current approach is inconvenient, time-consuming, and prone to human mistake. These disadvantages emphasize the significance of establishing a fully automated deep learning-based system for classifying brain tumors. In this paper, we suggest an approach to improve the classification for four types of brain tumors by providing the classifier with segmentation as semantic features. 1,452 multi model magnetic resonance images from the Siberian Brain Tumor Dataset (SBT) are used for training, validation, and testing. The training and validation are implemented with our experimental simple convolutional neural network and a pre-trained VGG16. Best performed models are selected and tested on both SBT and the Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge 2020 dataset (BraTS). The models with segmentation outperform all models without segmentation on the same dataset. We also found that, compare to a general purposed network such as VGG16, a simple convolutional neural network trained on a specific task have better generalization when tested with a public dataset.
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5,457
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Please write an abstract with title: An Experimental Investigation of a Common-rail Diesel Engine with Butanol Additives, and key words: Fuels, Engines, Diesel engines, Temperature measurement, Energy efficiency, Agricultural engineering, Additives. Abstract: The aims of this paper are to investigate the influence of blended diesel fuel with n-butanol (normal butanol) on the emissions and performances of common-rail diesel engine with turbocharger and to compare the results with the conventional diesel fuel operation case. This investigation is conducted to evaluate the effects of using blends of n-butanol with conventional diesel fuel, with 10% (B10), 20% (B20) and 30% (B30) n-butanol (by volume). The experiments are conducted at engine speed of 1400 rpm to 2200 rpm and 2600 rpm and at four different loads.
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5,458
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Please write an abstract with title: Digital Twin for the Optical Network: Key Technologies and Enabled Automation Applications, and key words: Economics, Automation, Instruments, Biological system modeling, Optical fiber networks, Optical variables measurement, Digital twins. Abstract: Optical transmission performance measurement and prediction are key Digital Twin capabilities for the optical network. Recent advances in instrumentation and models that support optical transmission performance assessment are presented. Optical network operations automation use cases enabled by a transmission performance-focused Digital Twin are described or demonstrated. These include provisioning automation, transmission performance risk mapping, optimization-based planning and control, and generalized optical margin reduction.
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5,459
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Please write an abstract with title: Asynchronous performance analysis of a single-phase capacitor-start, capacitor-run permanent magnet motor, and key words: Performance analysis, Permanent magnet motors, Torque, Synchronous motors, Rotors, Magnetic analysis, Voltage, Induction motors, AC motors, Reluctance motors. Abstract: This work presents a detailed analysis of the asynchronous torque components (average cage, magnet braking torque and pulsating) for a single-phase capacitor-start, capacitor-run permanent magnet motor. The computed envelope of pulsating torque superimposed over the average electromagnetic torque leads to an accurate prediction of starting torque. The developed approach is realized by means of a combination of symmetrical components and d-q axes theory and it can be extended for any m-phase AC motor - induction, synchronous reluctance or synchronous permanent magnet. The resultant average electromagnetic torque is determined by superimposing the asynchronous torques and magnet braking torque effects.
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5,460
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Please write an abstract with title: Vehicle Classification based on Multi-Grained Cascade Forest in Phase Sensitive Optical Time-domain Reflectometer, and key words: Vibrations, Optical filters, Real-time systems, Optical scattering, Optical reflection, Time-domain analysis, Photonics. Abstract: We propose a method which use Kalman filter to preprocess the vibration signal. Furthermore, the Multi-Grained Cascade Forest algorithm is used to classify different vehicle vibration signal. The real-time recognition accuracy is 84.38%. © 2020 The Author(s).
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5,461
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Please write an abstract with title: Video streaming on embedded devices through GPRS network, and key words: Streaming media, Ground penetrating radar, MPEG 4 Standard, Personal digital assistants, Video compression, Codecs, Design optimization, Multithreading, Wireless communication, Decoding. Abstract: We introduce a PDA-based live video streaming system on GPRS network based on MPEG-4 video compression standard. Due to the limited computational resources of PDA, all the key modules of MPEG-4 codec are efficiently implemented and optimized such as multithreading, buffer design, wireless communication, encoder and decoder. Several novel techniques are developed in the coding, streaming as well as the post- processing stages of the system.
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5,462
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Please write an abstract with title: Frequency-Constrained Resilient Scheduling of Microgrid: A Distributionally Robust Approach, and key words: Microgrids, Time-frequency analysis, Optimal scheduling, Frequency control, Load modeling, Islanding, Uncertainty. Abstract: In order to prevent the potential frequency instability due to the high Power Electronics (PE) penetration under an unintentional islanding event, this paper presents a novel microgrid scheduling approach which includes the system frequency dynamics as well as the uncertainty associated with renewable energy resources and load. Synthetic Inertia (SI) control is applied to regulating the active power output of the Inverter-Based Generators (IBGs) to support the post-islanding frequency evaluation. The uncertainty associated with the noncritical load shedding is explicitly modeled based on the distributionally robust formulation to ensure resilient operation during islanding events. The resulted frequency constraints are derived analytically and reformulated into Second-Order Cone (SOC) form, which are further incorporated into the microgrid scheduling model, enabling optimal frequency services provision from the micorgrid perspective. With the SOC relaxation of the AC power flow constraints, the overall problem is constructed as a mixed-integer SOC Programming (MISOCP). The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated based on modified IEEE 14-bus system.
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5,463
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Please write an abstract with title: Residual Power Transfer Capability Analysis of an MMC-SST under Submodule IGBT Open-Circuit Fault, and key words: Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Fault diagnosis, Fault tolerance, Systems operation, Capacitors, Fault tolerant systems, Voltage. Abstract: Modular multilevel converter-based solid-state transformers (MMC-SSTs) have flexible bidirectional power management capability and are proposed to integrate different types of distribution networks. Due to the large number of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) adopted, reliability is one of the major challenges of these grid devices. In this paper, the submodule (SM) IGBT open-circuit fault characteristics of an MMC-SST are analyzed in detail. Unlike conventional MMC applications, the MMC-SST exhibits different fault behaviours due to its unique topology and complicated operation modes. Under certain operation modes, the capacitor voltage of the faulty SM may not be affected by the faults and the faulty unit is able to maintain its power transfer capability. Therefore, the existing fault diagnosis schemes in the literature cannot be directly applied to the MMC-SST to detect and locate all fault conditions. Simulated study in MATLAB/Simulink shows good agreement with the presented analysis. The analysis provides the ground for developing advanced fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant methods for the MMC-SST under SM IGBT open-circuit faults.
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5,464
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Please write an abstract with title: Coping with latency in SOC design, and key words: Delay, Microprocessors, System-on-a-chip, Assembly, Signal design, Process design, Power system interconnection, Electronics industry, Design methodology, Time to market. Abstract: Latency-insensitive design is the foundation of a correct-by-construction methodology for SOC design. This approach can handle latency's increasing impact on deep-submicron technologies and facilitate the reuse of intellectual-property cores for building complex systems on chips, reducing the number of costly iterations in the design process.
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5,465
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Please write an abstract with title: Modeling of Textures to Predict Immune Cell Status and Survival of Brain Tumour Patients, and key words: Radio frequency, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Predictive models, Brain modeling, Gaussian mixture model, Immune system. Abstract: Radiomics has shown a capability for different types of cancers such as glioma to predict the clinical outcome. It can have a non-invasive means of evaluating the immunotherapy response prior to treatment. However, the use of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs)-based radiomics requires large training image sets. To avoid this problem, we investigate a new imaging features that model distribution with a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) of learned 3D CNN features. Using these deep radiomic features (DRFs), we aim to predict the immune marker status (low versus high) and overall survival for glioma patients. We extract the DRFs by aggregating the activation maps of a pre-trained 3D-CNN within labeled tumor regions of MRI scans that corresponded immune markers of 151 patients. Our experiments are performed to assess the relationship between the proposed DRFs, three immune cell markers (Macrophage M1, Neutrophils and T Cells Follicular Helper), and measure their association with overall survival. Using the random forest (RF) model, DRFs was able to predict the immune marker status with area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 78.67, 83.93 and 75.67% for Macrophage M1, Neutrophils and T Cells Follicular Helper, respectively. Combined the immune markers with DRFs and clinical variables, Kaplan-Meier estimator and Log-rank test achieved the most significant difference between predicted groups of patients (short-term versus long-term survival) with $p=4.31 \times 10^{-7}$ compared to $p=0.03$ for Immune cell markers, $p=0.07$ for clinical variables and $p=1.45 \times10^{-5}$ for DRFs. Our findings indicate that the proposed features (DRFs) used in RF models may significantly consider prognosticating patients with brain tumour prior to surgery through regularly acquired imaging data.
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5,466
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Please write an abstract with title: Early Diagnosis of Autistic Children with Eye Tracker and Artificial Intelligence Approach, and key words: Autism, Artificial intelligence, Wearable sensors, Pediatrics, Intelligent sensors, Sensor fusion, Python. Abstract: The inadequacies of the traditional methods followed for the diagnosis of autism and the provision of general screening information with non-objective patient relatives observations cause the search for alternative early diagnosis. In addition, constraints on self-expression in young children have increased the need for direct data collection approaches through technological devices and wearable sensors. In particular, using eye tracking sensors to detect eye contact anomalies, which is one of the most important symptoms of autism, can provide important information about risk groups even without other wearable sensors. The first results of our study on the use of eye tracker data for autism diagnosis and processing it with artificial intelligence algorithms are presented here. The results revealed that our algorithm diagnoses with high accuracy, and shows that the eye tracking sensor can be an important tool for early diagnosis of autism.
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5,467
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Please write an abstract with title: Hand gesture vocabulary design: a multicriteria optimization, and key words: Vocabulary, Design optimization, Industrial engineering, Engineering management, Cameras, Human computer interaction, Design methodology, Ergonomics, Psychology, Pareto optimization. Abstract: A global approach to hand gesture vocabulary (GV) design is proposed which includes human as well as technical design factors. The human centered desires (intuitiveness, comfort) of multiple users are implicitly represented through indices obtained from ergonomic studies representing the psycho-physiological aspects of users. The main technical aspect considered is that of machine recognition of gestures. We believe this is the first conceptualization of the optimal hand gesture design problem in analytical form. The problem is formulated as a multicriteria optimization problem (MCOP) for which a 3D representation of the solution space is used to display candidate solutions, as well as Pareto optimal ones. A computational example is given for the design of a small robot command GV using the MCOP procedure.
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5,468
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Please write an abstract with title: The role of the standards process in shaping the Internet, and key words: Switches, Standards organizations, Vehicles, Web and internet services, Communication standards, Hardware, Manufacturing, Communication industry, Automotive engineering, Software standards. Abstract: This paper explores the role of the standards process in shaping the future evolution of the Internet. It addresses the industry's need to develop and deploy unique functionality and how it interacts with the communicating users' need for universally available and consistently implemented services, and the role that the standard bodies play in resolving this tension. A brief overview of the organization of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), and more specifically of its operating mode to promote the emergence of new standards for the Internet, is presented. An outline of some of the main topics under discussion currently is offered. The evolution of the attendance to the IETF meetings during recent years is commented upon.
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5,469
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Please write an abstract with title: Scheduling on sensor hybrid network, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Network topology, Distributed algorithms, Scheduling algorithm, Routing, Tree graphs, Heuristic algorithms, Telecommunication traffic, Base stations, Clustering algorithms. Abstract: We investigate a unique scheduling problem in wireless sensor networks where all nodes in a cluster send exactly one packet to a designated sink node with goal of minimized transmission time. The difficulty lies in the fact that node transmissions must be sufficiently isolated either in time or in space to avoid collisions. The problem is formulated and solved via graph representation. We prove that with specific network topologies (either line or tree); an optimal transmission schedule can be obtained efficiently through a pipeline-like schedule. The minimum time required for a line (or tree) topology with n nodes is 3(n-2). We further prove that our scheduling problem is NP-hard for general graphs. We propose a heuristic algorithm for general graphs. Our heuristic tries to schedule as many independent segments as possible to increase the degree of parallel transmission. This algorithm is compared to an RTS/CTS based distributed algorithm. Preliminary simulated results indicate that our heuristic algorithm out-performs the RTS/CTS based distributed algorithm (up to 30%) and exhibits stable scheduling behavior.
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5,470
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Please write an abstract with title: Degradation assessment of solar cell array of low orbit satellite in orbit, and key words: Degradation, Analytical models, Satellites, Power supplies, Photovoltaic cells, Orbits, Data models. Abstract: Solar cell arrays are mostly used as the main power supply for low-orbit satellites. The performance of solar cell arrays will deteriorate under the influence of various factors during long-term operation in orbit. In view of the in-orbit energy management requirements of low orbit satellites, a simplified performance degradation model is proposed, and the peak current of solar cell array is used as its long-term performance measurement index. The applicability of the model and index is verified by analyzing the in-orbit telemetry data of a series of satellites. It can provide reference for the long-term management of low-orbit satellite energy subsystem, the mission planning of on-board payload and the optimization design of solar cell array.
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5,471
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Please write an abstract with title: A new design approach for low phase-noise reflection-type MMIC oscillators, and key words: MMICs, Oscillators, Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Q measurement, Noise measurement, Phase measurement, Integrated circuit measurements, Phase noise, Frequency, Q factor. Abstract: In this paper, optimization of the loaded quality factor Q/sub L/ for reflection-type heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) oscillators is investigated. The main result is an optimum relation between the S-parameter phases at the three transistor ports. A new design strategy for this type of oscillator is proposed. The analysis is verified by comparing several Ka-band monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit oscillators in GaAs HBT technology with different resonators. The measured loaded Q/sub L/ values correspond to the measured phase noise of the circuits. At an oscillation frequency of 33 GHz, an excellent phase noise of -87 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset frequency is achieved over the whole tuning range.
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5,472
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-temporal PolSAR Image Classification Using F-SAE-CNN, and key words: Dimensionality reduction, Neural networks, Crops, Data processing, Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar, Classification algorithms, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Crop classification using polarimetric SAR data is one of the most important applications in Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) imagery. Obviously, for crop classification, multi-temporal PolSAR data can provide more information than single-temporal PolSAR data, but the processing method of the matching image data is relatively backward. Aiming at the high-dimensional data composed of multi-temporal PolSAR, this paper proposes a method to integrate the stacked auto-encoder network and convolutional neural network, making full use of the dimension reduction advantages of the stacked auto-encoder network and the superior classification performance of the convolutional neural network. By constructing a fusion network, the multi-temporal PolSAR images can be processed once, the classification accuracy can be improved, and the processing steps can be simplified. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional Stacked Auto-encoder and Convolutional Neural Network (SAE-CNN) classification method, the multitemporal PolSAR image classification method based on Fusion of Stacked Auto-encoder and Convolutional Neural Network (F-SAE-CNN) proposed in this paper has the highest classification accuracy, which effectively combines the advantages of the self-encoding network and the CNN network, and provides a new idea for PolSAR image classification work.
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5,473
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Please write an abstract with title: Improved Design Automation Combinatorial Algorithms for Multi-Objective Optimization of High Voltage-Gain DC-DC Converters, and key words: Power system measurements, Solid modeling, Density measurement, Switching frequency, Europe, Prototypes, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: In power electronics, it is necessary to optimize volume, efficiency, voltage-gain, cost, and useful life, among other objectives, to obtain an adequate balance that offers high performance in electrical systems. In this context, this paper presents the development of a multi-objective optimization design methodology for inductive components for high voltage-gain converters. This work is carried out by: 1) reviewing several step-up converters and selecting a suitable topology for optimization; 2) performing a power loss modelling of the magnetic components of the high voltage gain topology with an emphasis on iron and copper losses; 3) conducting a volume modelling of the converter with special attention to the magnetic components; and 4) evaluating the multi-objective optimization approach of improved combinatorial algorithms to solve problems with opposite objectives such as efficiency, power density, and voltage-gain in power converters when parasitic components are taken into account.
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5,474
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Please write an abstract with title: International abstracts, and key words: Abstracts. Abstract: Presents abstracts of selected international papers in the communications industry.
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5,475
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Please write an abstract with title: Plants and Their Noise Absorption: Identifying most suitable plants to reduce noise via Impedance Tube Data Analysis, and key words: Surface impedance, Absorption, Urban areas, Vegetation, Tools, Acoustic measurements, Pollution measurement. Abstract: Urban areas are always exposed to various noises, especially from vehicles and industrial activities. Plants on the other hand, can act as a medium that can absorb sound. To prove this, a number of plant species have been selected to measure the value of sound absorption based on the thickness, surface area, width and length of the leaves. Plant noise measurements were performed using built-in impedance tubes to identify the effectiveness of the acoustic properties of the leaves. From this study, a leaf such as Pometia Pinnata which has thicker leaves, larger surface area, width as well as longer leaf length than other leaves shows the ability to absorb more sound. Sound absorption measurements for 100% and 50% leaf quantities for Pometia Pinnata were obtained at 4.9 dBA and 4.8 dBA, respectively, which are considered to approach the expected noise attenuation levels reported at 5 - 10 dBA. The motivation from our measurement findings, can help to identify which plants are most suitable for reducing noise based on their characteristics. These measurement results are very important in the soon-to-be-developed intuitive plant tool.
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5,476
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Please write an abstract with title: Electricity Consumption In Lifts, and key words: Energy consumption, Regulators, Buildings, Velocity control, Permanent magnet motors, Mathematical models, Inverters. Abstract: Modern life is unimaginable without passenger and freight lifts. The ability to move passengers and goods quickly and comfortably in residential, administrative and industrial buildings has made lifts vital. The efficiency of lift systems is linked to reduced energy consumption, increased comfort and improved drive performance. Mass drives with two-speed asynchronous motors (AC2) are increasingly being replaced by drives with compact asynchronous machines and permanent magnet motors (with the voltage and frequency controlled VVVF). This paper presents the results of calculation and experimental studies of lift gearbox drives with and without speed regulator. It has been found that, in addition to energy savings, the comfort and reliability of the drives are improved.
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5,477
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance degradation due to polarization effects in a dispersion-managed-soliton recirculating loop system, and key words: Degradation, Optical fiber polarization, Optical fiber dispersion, Bit error rate, Page description languages, Signal to noise ratio, Stimulated emission, Solitons, Polarization mode dispersion, Optical scattering. Abstract: We investigate the performance degradation in dispersion-managed soliton systems caused by polarization-dependent loss and polarization-mode dispersion using a 600-km recirculating loop. We show that in an ultralong-haul transmission system, polarization effects can easily induce a variation in the bit-error rate (BER) greater than two orders of magnitude. In addition, polarization scattering caused by soliton collisions in wavelength-division-multiplexing systems makes the polarization-induced BER variation smaller than that in single-channel systems.
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5,478
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Please write an abstract with title: The influence of soil moisture upon the geothermal climate signal, and key words: Soil moisture, Land surface temperature, Ocean temperature, Sea surface, History, Surface reconstruction, Atmospheric modeling, Earth Observing System, Temperature sensors, Geology. Abstract: Estimates of regional climate warming over the past few hundred years are being obtained from profiles of borehole temperature versus depth. The assumptions in recovering mean annual Surface Air Temperature (SAT) are that the relationship between the Ground Surface Temperature (GST) and the temperature-depth profile is purely conductive, and that SAT is uniquely coupled to GST. While these assumptions have been demonstrated to be approximately valid, they ignore the role of moisture transport in soil between soil and atmosphere. In this study we examine the influence of climatic changes in precipitation upon mean annual GST with climatic SAT held constant. We use the most recent version of our Prairie SVAT model for a set of 80 years simulations. Our findings are 10 increasing precipitation reduces mean annual GST, 2) phasing maximum precipitation to occur during the warmest months reduces mean annual GST, and 3) increasing the variance of precipitation reduces mean annual GST. The amplitudes of the effects are small but potentially not insignificant fractions of the geothermal climate signal. One of the long-term objectives of this investigation is to use global EOS SAT and remotely sensed soil moisture to link region-specific, geothermal climate signal histories to evolution of regional climate.
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5,479
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Please write an abstract with title: Reliability assessment by virtual prototyping of MEMS tunable Fabry-Perot optical cavity, and key words: Virtual prototyping, Micromechanical devices, Fabry-Perot, Fatigue, Optical interferometry, Mirrors, Biomembranes, Optical filters, Optical modulation, Optical sensors. Abstract: A concept, virtual prototyping, is proposed. This means to simulate the behaviour of the future product even at the design phase. Based on the concurrent engineering approach, virtual prototyping requires extensive knowledge about the involved failure mechanism and its dependence on technological factors and on the functioning environment. In the paper, virtual prototyping is used for a tunable Fabry-Perot cavity for optical applications, which is a resonant micro cavity composed by two flat, parallel, high quality mirrors, separated by a variable gap. The movable membrane (mirror) is electrostatically actuated. The results demonstrate that the reliability of the device may be monitored even at the design phase by choosing appropriately the structure parameters.
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5,480
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Please write an abstract with title: Specific Emitter Identification Against Unreliable Features Interference Based on Time-Series Classification Network Structure, and key words: Radio frequency, Wireless communication, Convolution, Interference, Fingerprint recognition, Feature extraction, Data mining. Abstract: Specific emitter identification (SEI) aims to distinguish different emitter individuals based on the subtle differences in the signals. The technology can be widely applied to various wireless communication systems. Existing individual identification methods often ignore the radio frequency (RF) fingerprint information carried by the waveforms and thus can be interfered by unreliable RF features. To alleviate these issues, we devise the deep bidirectional long short-term memory (DBi-LSTM) and the one-dimensional residual convolution network with dilated convolution and squeeze-and-excitation block (Conv-OrdsNet). We exploit the combination of DBi-LSTM and Conv-OrdsNet (CoBONet) to extract temporal structure features directly from baseband in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) samples. The proposed network is able to capture the fine-grained details of signals and combine different information extracted by two networks. Moreover, we propose a data augmentation method to solve the interference of unreliable features by randomly changing the values of noise, power, frequency offset (FO), and phase offset (PO). It is worth noting that our method only needs a short slice of a steady-state signal without complex preprocessing, which reduces the cost of acquisition and calculation. Extensive experiments show that our method can effectively extract reliable RF fingerprinting features from I/Q samples and the classification results are better than most existing methods.
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5,481
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-branch structure of layered neural networks, and key words: Neural networks, Computational efficiency, Backpropagation algorithms, Information science, Production systems, Explosions, Costs, Computer networks, Gradient methods. Abstract: In this paper, a multi-branch structure of neural networks is studied to make their size compact. The multi-branch structure has shown improved performance against conventional neural networks. As a result, it has been proved that the number of nodes of networks and the computational cost for training networks can be reduced. In addition, it could be said that proposed multi-branch networks are special cases of higher order neural networks, however, they obtain higher order effect easier without suffering the parameter explosion problem.
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5,482
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Please write an abstract with title: Bursting dynamics in coupled Chua's oscillator, and key words: Oscillators, Coupling circuits, Chaos, Neurons, Frequency, Bifurcation, Josephson junctions, Laser modes, Resistors, Instruments. Abstract: This paper reports experimental evidences of bursting dynamics in electronic circuit using two diffusively coupled Chua's oscillator. Several regimes of homoclinic chaos and, both cycle-cycle and point-cycle bursting are identified. Regions of bursting are delineated in period-parameter space and also clearly shown in one-parameter bifurcation diagram. This indicates that bursting is a generic behavior of dynamical system rather than restrictive to neural systems only.
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5,483
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Please write an abstract with title: A Radiomic-based Method for Predicting the Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke from Diffusion-weighted Imaging Images, and key words: Training, Imaging, Signal processing algorithms, Stroke (medical condition), Signal processing, Feature extraction, Reliability. Abstract: Accurate prognosis is the keystone of stroke treatment. To provide a reliable reference for clinic decisions, a radiomic-based method for predicting the prognosis of ischemic stroke from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) images was proposed in this work. On the acquired DWI images of stroke patients, the features of the ischemic core and the peripheral ischemic penumbra (salvageable tissue) were extracted by radiomics method, and the DWI images of corresponding cases collected after treatment were taken as the gold standard of the infarction progression. 60 cases were randomly split into training and testing set in the ratio of 2:1. Three-fold cross-validation was applied. The sparse representation algorithm was adopted to select the radiomics features and train the prediction classifier. The accuracy of predicting the ischemic core and the salvageable tissue around the core was 82% and 87% respectively. This information has the potential to be utilized for diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness.
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5,484
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Please write an abstract with title: Blockchain-Enabled Online Diagnostic Platform of Suspected Patients of COVID-19 Like Pandemics, and key words: Privacy, Recurrent neural networks, Hospitals, Pandemics, Scalability, Smart contracts, Detectors, Blockchains, COVID-19. Abstract: During times of pandemics, the healthcare system may collapse due to the high demand for healthcare resources. Hence, there is a need for an online-automated platform that enables remote collection of symptoms from suspected patients, accurate and fast diagnostics, and data sharing among different entities within the healthcare system. However, many privacy and scalability challenges face such a platform. To address such challenges, we propose a custom-designed blockchain enabled platform that guarantees privacy-preservation via a mixture of group signature and random numbers that support anonymity of suspected patients and unlinkability of data while enabling mutual interaction between the suspected patient and the platform; provides automatic diagnostics via a deep neural network-based detector that runs on a smart contract within the blockchain; and offers access and administrative authority of the healthcare entities to the database of symptoms and their diagnoses via a consortium-based blockchain architecture. Experimental studies demonstrate a detection accuracy of 90 percent based on a deep convolutional recurrent neural network. A case study of 500 expected patients is examined giving promising results. Every patient can know the test results after only 14 min of submitting the data. The storage requirements are as low as 0.52 MB for each suspected patient and 0.6 MB for each hospital.
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5,485
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Please write an abstract with title: Microcuvette for integration with infrared spectrometer for biofluid analysis, and key words: Infrared spectra, Spectroscopy, Sampling methods, Fabry-Perot interferometers, Fluidic microsystems, Microfluidics, Detectors, Biosensors, Biochemical analysis, Sugar. Abstract: A micro-spectrometer for infrared spectroscopy applications has been designed and fabricated. The principle component of the micro-spectrometer is a micromachined Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI), which is used as a wavelength selector. This is integrated with a fluidic sampling system (microcuvette), an emitter, and a detector to form a completely functional micro-spectrometer. The intended applications of the device are for spectroscopic study of biochemical samples, as a sensing component by integration with modular microsystems like microreactors for a "lab-on-chip" application, and as an implantable biosensor for analysis of intravascular fluids like glucose, proteins, and hormones. Such an application requires a miniaturized fluidic sampling system for handling sample fluids. The microcuvette is fabricated using silicon micromachining and is packaged with fluidic interconnections and is integrated with the FPI at the chip level. Optical characterization of the standalone microcuvette was performed with a FTIR spectrometer for various aqueous samples and the initial results support the feasibility of developing a miniaturized fluid handling system.
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5,486
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Please write an abstract with title: The Prospects for the Creation of a Digital Quality Management System DQMS, and key words: Quality management, Process control, Digital transformation, Information technology, Task analysis, Information security, Companies. Abstract: The development of digital technologies can give a new impetus to the development of quality management (QM). The development of new approaches based on the integration of quality management methods and digital technologies creates prerequisites for the digital transformation of the entire product lifecycle. The difficulty of creating an effective quality management system using digital technologies is not only in the absence of specialists in two areas of knowledge simultaneously, but also in the lack of integration of modern quality management methods with existing software products. In most ready-made solutions, quality management is limited to controlling process parameters and product quality. Automatic registration of process parameters with real-time data analysis should be additionally enabled in DQMS. This will allow you to organize monitoring and control of processes at each automated workplace. The accumulated analysis results will help you make decisions in difficult situations. A set of processes with digital control and analysis ensures quality assurance at all stages of the product lifecycle.
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5,487
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Please write an abstract with title: Estimation of Drivers’ Gaze Behavior by Potential Attention When Using Human–Machine Interface, and key words: Behavioral sciences, Vehicles, Roads, Estimation, Machine learning, Visualization, Probabilistic logic. Abstract: Recently, various visual information presentation systems known as human–machine interfaces (HMIs), such as road projection lamp systems, have been developed for safe driving. However, it is unclear how these HMIs change the drivers’ gaze behavior and improve their cognitive awareness of the environment. Therefore, in this study, we introduce the concept of potential attention to propose a probabilistic method to estimate drivers’ gaze behavior when using HMIs. The potential attention hypothesis can propose an explanation to understand gaze behavior. This method assigns potential attention to objects the driver is likely to gaze, such as vehicles and pedestrians, thereby estimating the driver’s potential gaze point from potential attentions. The study is divided into two steps. The first step analyzes the drivers’ gaze behavior in the simulator experiment when a road projection lamp is displayed to alert pedestrians. In the second step, we propose a method for estimating the driver’s gaze through the potential attention method based on the results of the simulator experiment. The modeling results for gaze behavior measured in the simulator experiment as the first step show that gaze behavior can be estimated with high accuracy. This proposed method is expected to apply to a method to determine where the HMI display should be placed.
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5,488
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Please write an abstract with title: Towards Read-Intensive Key-Value Stores with Tidal Structure Based on LSM-Tree, and key words: Compaction, Indexes, Data structures, Shape, Standards, Buffer storage. Abstract: Key-value store has played a critical role in many large-scale data storage applications. The log-structured merge-tree (LSM-tree) based key-value store achieves excellent performance on write-intensive workloads which is mainly benefited from the mechanism of converting a batch of random writes into sequential writes. However, LSM-tree doesn't improve a lot in read-intensive workloads which takes a higher latency. The main reason lies in the hierarchical search mechanism in LSM-tree structure. The key challenge is how to propose new strategies based on the existing LSM-tree structure to improve read efficiency and reduce read amplifications.This paper proposes Tidal-tree, a novel data structure where data flows inside LSM-tree like Tidal waves. Tidal-tree targets at improving read efficiency in read-intensive workloads. Tidal-tree allows frequently accessed files at the bottom of LSM-tree to move to higher positions, thereby reducing read latency. Tidal-tree also makes LSM-tree into a variable shape to cater for different characteristic workloads. To evaluate the performance of Tidal-tree, we conduct a series of experiments using standard benchmarks from YCSB. The experimental results show that Tidal-tree can significantly improve read efficiency and reduce read amplifications compared with representative schemes.
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5,489
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Please write an abstract with title: Sparse Unmixing of Hyperspectral Data: The Legacy of SUnSAL, and key words: Dictionaries, Geoscience and remote sensing, Spatial databases, Hyperspectral imaging. Abstract: In the last decade, the sparse regression approach was established as a new paradigm in hyperspectral unmixing. This paper reviews various directions in sparse unmixing, starting from the initial formulation proposed by Prof. José Bioucas-Dias: Sparse Unmixing via variable Splitting and Augmented Lagrangian (SUnSAL). SUnSAL has paved the path towards algorithms accounting for spatial homogeneity, data collaborativity, structured dictionaries, among others. Despite being the first sparse regression algorithm widely exploited in hyperspectral unmixing, SUnSAL can be still considered competitive and its legacy lies in the plethora of subsequent algorithms that it inspired.
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5,490
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Please write an abstract with title: On the Use of Feedforward Neural Networks to Simulate Magnetic Hysteresis in Electrical Steels, and key words: Magnetic hysteresis, Computational modeling, Training, Magnetization, Biological neural networks, Magnetic flux density, Robustness. Abstract: The present investigation aims at the definition of an efficient and robust neural network-based model to simulate the magnetic hysteresis in performing magnetic alloys suitable for aircraft applications. Starting from a set of measured hysteresis loops, a convenient and effective method to train the network consists to identify the Preisach model and use it for the generation of the training set. The obtained neural network turned out to be particularly robust and able to reproduce the behaviour of the Preisach model with a significant reduction of the computational time. The comparative analysis between the two approaches takes into account different kinds of excitation waveforms.
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5,491
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Please write an abstract with title: A Synthetic Seismocardiogram and Electrocardiogram Generator Phantom, and key words: Vibrations, Frequency-domain analysis, Transfer functions, Electrocardiography, Data collection, Generators, Recording. Abstract: The seismocardiogram (SCG) and electrocardio-gram (ECG) signals are two signals of cardiovascular origin containing important features for cardiac health assessment. Effective use of these signals requires recordings with acceptable signal to noise ratio. Studying the effects of external factors such as vibrations on these signals, and subsequent artifact removal algorithm design, remains a challenge due to lack of access to ground truth labels and human participant safety concerns. In this work, a synthetic SCG and ECG generator system is presented that enables data collection in environments that may be unsafe or inconvenient for human participants and offers ground truth labels along with the simulated recordings. The system was validated using real human SCG and ECG signals and showed >90%, and >98% input output correlations in both time and frequency domains for SCG and ECG signals respectively. Thus, the system is able to generate realistic SCG and ECG signals with clinically relevant amplitudes favorable for participant-free data collection in relevant environments.
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5,492
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Please write an abstract with title: Cyber Weapons Review in Situations Below the Threshold of Armed Conflict, and key words: Protocols, Software reviews, Law, Weapons, Software, Labeling, Qualifications. Abstract: The use of cyber weapons raises many issues, one of which is the scope of legal requirements affecting the legal review of cyber weapons under Additional Protocol I and customary international law. This paper explores the review of cyber weapons intended for use below the threshold of armed conflictAs the line between war and peace is often increasingly blurred and the majority of cyber incidents are below the threshold of armed conflict, the laws and principles of international humanitarian law do not apply. In this paper, we engage in a scenario-based thought experiment exploring the legal framework affecting the use of cyber weapons outside armed conflict. In such situations, the well-known article 36 of Additional Protocol I and customary international law are not triggered. As a result, there is no explicit legal obligation to conduct a cyber weapons review in situations when cyber weapons are deployed in situations falling below the threshold of armed conflict. Our starting point is that even though international humanitarian law is not applicable, the use of cyber weapons is not completely unregulated.In the paper, we search for answer to following research question: what are the legal requirements for weapons review in situations where their intended use is for situations below the threshold of armed conflict? We identify the black-letter legal framework and explore the state practice of NATO member states where available.The paper argues that there are many obligations to be considered when deploying cyber weapons in situations below the threshold of armed conflict. The conclusion is that there is no obligation to conduct a review outside Article 36 of Additional Protocol I. That being said, there are definitely policy benefits in conducting broader software assessment to ensure respect to international law obligations of a state.
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5,493
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Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Whiskerless Schottky Diode for Millimeter and Submillimeter Wave Application, and key words: Schottky diodes, Temperature, Amplitude modulation, Millimeter wave devices, Submillimeter wave devices, Capacitance, Etching, Radio frequency, Integrated circuit yield, Integrated circuit noise. Abstract: A novel whiskerless Schottky diode has been developed in which shunt capacitance is minimized by means of an etched surface channel. This structure is easily fabricated and the DC I-V characteristics areas good as those of the best available whisker-contacted devices. Preliminary RF characterization in an unoptimized mount at 110 GHz has yielded room temperature SSB mixer noise temperature of 950 K and SSB conversion loss of 6.4 dB. The diode is robust and can be operated at cryogenic temperatures. Potential applications include waveguide and planar mixers, planar arrays, multipliers, varactor tuners, and microwave integrated circuits.
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5,494
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of electronic sand table interactive system based on depth enhancement algorithm, and key words: Uncertainty, Interactive systems, Software algorithms, Speech recognition, Reliability engineering, Hardware, System software. Abstract: In order to better ensure the display effect of electronic sand table, an interactive system design of electronic sand table based on depth enhancement algorithm is proposed. The interactive system structure based on electronic sand table is designed, and the depth enhancement algorithm is used to identify the agent, position tracking agent, speech recognition agent and gesture recognition agent; By optimizing the hardware structure of the system, and improving the system software function and operation process, the operation efficiency of the system is guaranteed. Finally, the usability of the system is tested through experiments. The experimental results show that the design of electronic sand table interactive system based on depth enhancement algorithm has high practicability and fully meets the research requirements.
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5,495
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Software Reliability Design Verification Technology based on Criterion Knowledge, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Conferences, Computational modeling, Software algorithms, Computer applications, Reliability engineering, Software. Abstract: Based on knowledge criteria, this paper studies the software reliability design verification technology. Based on the standard requirements and design model, combined with the operation characteristics of equipment software, the software reliability design criteria is put forward. At the same time, combining the capability requirements of equipment software and typical mission scenarios, the software operation profile is constructed. On the basis of reliability design criterion and running profile, the comprehensive verification of software reliability design is realized from two aspects of static consistency check and dynamic fault injection test.
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5,496
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Please write an abstract with title: AR-DIC: A Novel Automatic Optical Strategy for Displacement Measurement of the Curved-in-Place Pipe Under Dynamic Fracturing, and key words: Curved-in-place pipe (CIPP), deep learning, digital image correlation (DIC), displacement field calculation, region of interest (ROI). Abstract: Curved-in-place pipe (CIPP) technology is widely used in urban underground pipeline repair nowadays. However, the lack of automatic global displacement acquisition method makes it still quite challenging to effectively obtain the detailed displacement characteristics of the CIPP pipes under dynamic loads. Herein, we propose a cascade strategy named automatic speckle region extraction digital image correlation (AR-DIC) to achieve the dynamic, efficient, and accurate displacement estimation of the CIPP pipelines, so as to determine the variation characters of the CIPP pipelines under dynamic loads. In the first stage, an improved automatic DeepLabv3+ neural network (IA-DeepLabv3+) is meticulously designed to extract the region of interest (ROI) of the CIPP pipeline speckle automatically. A dataset containing the cluttered background and the real experimental speckle is also generated to train the model parameters. Note that this is the first time an automated ROI extraction method has been proposed in CIPP, even in the digital image correlation (DIC) field. In the second stage, the DIC based on scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT-DIC) algorithm is adopted to calculate the extracted ROI and get the displacement field. Finally, the proposed method is tested on both the simulated and experimental datasets. The experimental results confirm that our method can not only extract the speckle ROI region accurately, but also achieve high-precision calculation of the displacement field.
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5,497
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Please write an abstract with title: A Multimode Multi-Efficiency-Peak Digital Power Amplifier, and key words: Switches, Capacitors, Modulation, Computer architecture, Peak to average power ratio, Linearity. Abstract: A 30.0-dBm polar digital power amplifier (PA) is implemented based on a switched-capacitor PA (SCPA) and multiple efficiency-enhancement techniques, such as Class-G, Doherty, and time interleaving (TI). The PA demonstrates six efficiency peaks and seamless efficiency curves between the peaks in the power back-off (PBO) region with the three efficiencyenhancement techniques. For the implementation of the efficient and linear Class-G technique, a linear single-supply current-reuse Class-G switch is proposed. It realizes a Class-G operation without any additional dedicated supply voltages, resulting in enhanced efficiency and reduced cost for an external power management unit (PMU). A local oscillator (LO) signal restoration technique is proposed to reduce the area and power consumption for the LO signal distribution. The prototype SCPA, fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS, generates 30-dBm peak output power (POUT) at 2.4 GHz and achieves drain efficiency (DE) (normalized DE) of 40.2% (100%), 37.9% (94.3%), 38.8% (96.3%), 36.3% (90.2%), 29.4% (73.0%), and 19.7% (48.9%) at 0-, 2.5-, 6-, 8.5-, 12-, and 18-dB PBOs, respectively. It achieves less than ±1° amplitude modulation (AM)-phase modulation (PM) distortion with a continuous-wave (CW) signal. It also demonstrates error vector magnitude (EVM) of -41.7 dB (-44.5 dB) and DE of 30.3% (36.2%) at an average output power of 19.1 dBm (23.2 dBm) for a 10-MHz 64-quadrature AM (QAM) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal with a 10.9-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) (10-MHz single-carrier 1024-QAM signal with 6.8-dB PAPR).
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5,498
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Please write an abstract with title: Influence of AC magnetic field amplitude on the surface magnetoimpedance tensor in amorphous wire with helical magnetic anisotropy, and key words: Magnetic anisotropy, Magnetic fields, Amorphous magnetic materials, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Tensile stress, Amorphous materials, Wire, Magnetostriction, Magnetic field measurement, Magnetization. Abstract: We have performed experimental and theoretical studies on the influence of ac magnetic field amplitude on the magnetoimpedance tensor in an amorphous wire with helical magnetic anisotropy. For the experimental measurements, we used an amorphous wire of composition (Co/sub 0.94/Fe/sub 0.06/)/sub 72.5/Si/sub 12.5/B/sub 15/ with negative, nearly zero magnetostriction constant, excited either by an ac circular h/sub /spl phi// or by an axial h/sub z/ magnetic field created by an ac electric current. We changed the ac current amplitude from 7.5 to 40 mA and the current frequency f from 1.5 to 20 MHz. The values of the asymmetric giant magnetoimpedance ratio associated with the sweeping direction of the dc field H/sub ex/ and the corresponding sensitivity were 211% and 0.64 V/Oe, respectively, for an ac current of 37.5 mA at 3 MHz. For the theoretical study based on the magnetization rotation, we obtained the second-order harmonic of the ac magnetization m/spl I.oarr//sup (2)/ induced by the relatively high ac magnetic field by solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. We also considered a second-order surface impedance tensor /spl sigmav//spl circ//sup (2)/, which allowed us to analyze quantitatively the influence of the ac magnetic field amplitude on the impedance tensor of the wire. We obtained the domain model of the wire with helical magnetic anisotropy having multidomains and the magnetization vector /spl plusmn/M/sub 0/ directed in the easy direction, and the corresponding static magnetic configurations, by solving the static LLG equation. For the given magnetic configurations, we calculated the second-order impedance tensor /spl sigmav//spl circ//sup (2)/. The results can well explain the irregular field characteristics of the voltage responses at low dc field value, when the wire was excited at high frequency and at large ac magnetic field.
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5,499
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Please write an abstract with title: The Optimal Estimation of Single Event Effects Sensitivity Parameters Using a Focused Laser Source and Heavy Ion Cyclotron on Example of a Library of Analog IP Units, and key words: Space vehicles, Micrometers, Sensitivity, Fault tolerant systems, Field programmable analog arrays, Ions, Libraries. Abstract: The sensitivity parameters based on the single event effects (SEE) for a library consisting of 51 analog and analog-to-digital IP units manufactured using CMOS/SOI technology with design standards of 180 nm were evaluated. The use of a pulsed picosecond focused laser facility "PICO-4" in determining the sensitivity parameters made it possible to minimize the use of a heavy ion cyclotron. When a focused laser source and a heavy ion cyclotron are used together, the location of the most sensitive areas on the crystal is determined, which is impossible when using only a cyclotron, while the error in determining the threshold linear energy transfer for the occurrence of SEE is reduced. Using a focused laser source, sensitive regions of IP units with threshold values of linear energy losses that are unattainable when conducting an experiment on a heavy ion cyclotron are determined.
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