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Please write an abstract with title: Design of a broadband microwave amplifier constructed with mixed lumped and distributed elements for mobile communication, and key words: Microwave amplifiers, Broadband amplifiers, Distributed amplifiers, Symmetric matrices, Transmission line matrix methods, Scattering parameters, Polynomials, Mobile communication, MMICs, Very large scale integration. Abstract: In this paper, we designed a broadband microwave amplifier utilizing a "semi-analytic method to describe symmetrical lossless two-ports with two kinds of elements", namely, distributed and lumped elements in cascade connection. It is expected that the results presented in this paper will find immediate application to design analog/digital mobile communication systems on MMIC or VLSI chips.
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Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication of tunable photonic crystal fiber coupler, and key words: Fabrication, Photonic crystal fibers, Optical fiber couplers, Optical fiber communication, Optical coupling, Optical surface waves, Preforms, Silicon compounds, Microscopy, Powders. Abstract: We report the fabrication of tunable photonic crystal fiber (PCF) coupler based on the side polishing technology. The PCF coupler was obtained by mating two side-polished PCFs embedded in quartz block. By adjusting the mating angle between the blocks, the coupling ratio could be adjusted from 0 to 90 percent. The spectrum of coupled light was rather flat over a 400 nm wavelength range with small ripples.
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5,302
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Please write an abstract with title: A GNSS Conformal Antenna Achieving Hemispherical Coverage in L1/L5 Band, and key words: Global navigation satellite system, Satellite antennas, Satellites, Receiving antennas, Europe, Directive antennas, Minimization. Abstract: Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) positioning accuracy is nowadays important in many applications. The GNSS ideal antenna should exhibit an hemispheric coverage, in order to be able to receive signals at similar power levels for all positive elevations: this is not really the case with single antennas, exhibiting good coverage of near-zenith directions and then worse performance close to horizon. A conformal antenna for L1/L5 GNSS band is here presented. The antenna is a combination of multiple radiating elements, positioned on a conformal surface, such as to improve the coverage at low elevation angles, i.e. close to horizon. Simulations, manufacturing and measurements are shown in the paper.
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Please write an abstract with title: Investigating Electrical Drive Performance Employing Model Predictive Control and Active Disturbance Rejection Control Algorithms, and key words: PI control, Mathematical model, Current control, Tuning, Bandwidth, Robust control, Predictive control. Abstract: Many issues can degrade the electrical drive performance such as cross-coupling, time delay, external disturbances, and parameter variation. The Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) PI Current Controller (CC) is the most popular control scheme for the motor drive current control due to its simplicity. However, the PI controller does not have an optimal dynamic response due to the reasonably low transient response of the integral parts. Furthermore, the tuning of the PI controller depends heavily on the machine’s parameters. Recently, alternative control schemes such as Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) are studied due to their dynamic performance and disturbance rejection capability, respectively. This paper presents a comparative study between the conventional PI, ADRC, and MPC control schemes applied for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) taking into consideration the operational issues of electrical drives.
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Please write an abstract with title: Cooperative Localization in Mobile Robots Using Event-Triggered Mechanism: Theory and Experiments, and key words: Robots, Cooperative systems, Sensors, Robot kinematics, Multi-robot systems, Mobile robots. Abstract: This article addresses a new cooperative localization problem for a team of mobile robots subject to limited communication resources. First, we develop a decentralized event-triggered cooperative localization (DECL) algorithm for multirobot system such that each robot localizes itself with minimum communication exchange between robots. Then, using an event-triggered mechanism we propose an optimization framework to achieve a balance between estimation performance and communication rate. Simulation results show the main benefits of the event-triggered mechanism. Also, experimental results using four e-puck2 mobile robots demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Note to Practitioners—Multiple mobile robots are able to implement certain tasks that are beyond the capabilities of individual robots. In multirobot system, the accurate localization of each robot in the team is essential for a successful operation. Existing cooperative localization approaches neglect some realistic limitations of mobile robots, such as battery capacity and communication bandwidth. Especially, this issue is important when the number of sensors, actuators, and robots in the team increases. This article was motivated by these realistic limitations of mobile robots and it suggests a new approach for cooperative localization based on event-triggered mechanism. Motived by the aforementioned discussion, our objective is to design and implement the event-triggered cooperative localization for a group of e-puck2 robots. Our theoretical analysis and experimental results show that we achieve a tradeoff between localization accuracy and communication resources.
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5,305
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Please write an abstract with title: Two Pattern Timing Tests Capturing Defect-Induced Multi-Gate Delay Impact of Shorts, and key words: Resistance, Industries, Simulation, Integrated circuit interconnections, Logic gates, Very large scale integration, Delays. Abstract: Achieving high yield in deep-submicron technologies is challenging due to the presence of unforeseen defect mechanisms, requiring increases in test complexity and efficiency. We focus on shorts within standard cells which are traditionally targeted by DC tests. Recent research has shown the need for multi-pattern tests where intermediate defect resistance values are concerned, as opposed to extreme values considered by prevalent test techniques. In this research, we show that there exist ranges of short defect resistance values that escape traditional DC tests while incurring unexpectedly large delay values for specific two-pattern stimuli. It is seen that these resistance values are approximately in the range of defect resistance values observed for realistic short defects in industry. These defects must therefore be prioritized from a circuit level critical path delay testing perspective to minimize overall circuit DPPM. Such catastrophic increase in delay is due to the fact that specific shorts in standard cells influence the delays of logic gates feeding into and out of the standard cell, resulting in path delay increase of 50X-SOX with respect to the delay of a single cell. Two-pattern tests are derived for such faults and simulation results on standard cell designs and ripple carry adders are presented to further our arguments.
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5,306
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic nonlinear control of resonator-waveguide coupled system in photonic crystals, and key words: Nonlinear dynamical systems, Nonlinear control systems, Optical control, Control systems, Couplings, Photonic crystals, Optical resonators, Optical wavelength conversion, Slabs, Nonlinear optics. Abstract: We report our recent studies about all-optical nonlinear switching action in high-Q-resonator-waveguide coupled systems in Si photonic crystal slabs. We will also discuss wavelength conversion process and optical memory action by using the dynamic tuning of these systems.
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5,307
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Please write an abstract with title: A new hybrid methodology for intelligent Chinese character recognition, and key words: Character recognition, Fuzzy reasoning, Informatics, Cities and towns, Fuzzy sets, Associative memory, Artificial neural networks, Shape, Character generation, Fuzzy neural networks. Abstract: A new methodology is proposed to combine fuzzy possibilistic reasoning with knowledge mining of syntax dynamics using hybrid recurrent nets. The structure of Chinese characters consists of a 3-layer hierarchy of character, radical and stroke. Fuzzy possibilistic reasoning is an appropriate set of algorithmic tools to aid automatic recognition of these characters. Associative memory artificial neural network algorithms form a suitable technique for realising these concepts. Several issues are explored: vagueness of radicals, their situation, position invariance, extraction order and shape. Hybrid recurrent nets are proposed to deal with recognition at the syntax level. Each character is the 2D output of a syntax generating system, which is subjected to a knowledge mining process to determine its behaviour parameters. The knowledge mining architecture consists of an extensible recurrent hybrid net hierarchy of multiagents where the composite behaviour of agents at any one level is determined by those of the level immediately below.
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5,308
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Please write an abstract with title: Car Recommendation System for Dealers in Different European Countries, and key words: Collaborative filtering, Europe, Training data, Mean square error methods, Predictive models, Data models, Automobiles. Abstract: Recommendation systems are widely used in all walks of life, This paper is about the design of car recommendation of car rating for different European countries using collaborative filtering(CF). Compared with content-based filtering, collaborative filtering has the advantage that it can recommend items according to the historical information of each user, which has nothing to do with the content attributes of the item itself, which is the reason why we choose CF as our model to develop the recommendation system. The user model is designed using the brand, model, car sales, and country. In this paper, the model gives the similarity between the business pairs. The full model successfully gives the prediction of the top 5 sales cars in each country. The mean square error (MSE) of the whole model is 8.086, while the MSE of both predicts and tests with a rank larger than 3 is 0.4s241379. Without enough data, the MSE of the full model is a bit large. In the future, we could find more countries' car data sets to improve the prediction accuracy and can also try to make a prediction for new markets.
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5,309
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Please write an abstract with title: Compact CMOS Class-AB Output Stage With Robust Behavior Against PVT Variations, and key words: Transistors, Tuning, Threshold voltage, Operational amplifiers, Power demand, Logic gates, Voltage control. Abstract: A compact CMOS class-AB output stage with static control of the quiescent current, suited to be included in low-voltage low-power operational amplifiers, is presented. The principle of operation is based on a floating DC voltage level shifter, automatically tuned by a replica circuit and able to keep constant the quiescent current of the output stage. The tuning criterion established in the control section includes a static feedback loop, thus not imposing any frequency limitation on the main output stage. The overall operational amplifier, designed in 180 nm CMOS technology to operate with a 1.8 V supply, presents a supply current of 37.6 μA with a variation of only ±3.3% among all the process-voltage-temperature (PVT) corners considered.
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5,310
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Please write an abstract with title: Pulse Burst Mode Dual-Comb Spectroscopy for Time-Resolved Measurements of Laser-Induced Plasmas, and key words: Plasmas, Measurement by laser beam, Plasma measurements, Laser ablation, Spectroscopy, Geologic measurements, Temperature measurement. Abstract: We introduce a pulse burst mode form of dual-comb spectroscopy to enable time-resolved measurements of singular events. The time-resolved spectrum of iron following a single ablation shot of stainless steel is demonstrated.
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5,311
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Please write an abstract with title: Influence of Si nanocrystal distributed in the gate oxide on the MOS capacitance, and key words: MOS capacitors, Semiconductor device modeling, Permittivity, Ion implantation, Silicon. Abstract: In this paper, the authors have studied the influence of silicon nanocrystal (nc-Si) distributed in the gate oxide on the capacitance for the circumstances that the nc-Si does not form conductive percolation tunneling paths connecting the gate to the substrate. The nc-Si is synthesized by Si-ion implantation. The effective dielectric constant of the gate oxide in the nc-Si distributed region is calculated based on a sublayer model of the nc-Si distribution and the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium approximation. After the depth distribution of the effective dielectric constant is obtained, the MOS capacitance is determined. Two different nc-Si distributions, i.e., partial and full nc-Si distributions in the gate oxide, have been considered. The MOS capacitance obtained from the modeling has been compared to the capacitance measurement for a number of samples with various gate-oxide thicknesses, implantation energies and dosages, and an excellent agreement has been achieved for all the samples. A detailed picture of the influence of implantation energy and implantation dosage on the MOS capacitance has been obtained.
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5,312
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of a new random multiple access protocol for wireless ad hoc networks based on n-csma, and key words: Wireless communication, Network topology, Production, Access protocols, Energy efficiency, Topology, Internet. Abstract: wireless ad hoc network communication is an important branch of the whole communication field. Its science and technology and application bring many conveniences to people's production and life. Wireless ad hoc network is composed of many nodes. The overall performance of nodes reflects the performance of the whole network. The network is self-organizing, so that nodes can join or exit arbitrarily. However, the life cycle of nodes is an important factor affecting the network, so in order to improve the energy efficiency of nodes, the transmission efficiency of nodes is very important.
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5,313
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Please write an abstract with title: Ultra-wideband and Visual Odometry Based Relative Localization for Multi-UAV System, and key words: Visual odometry, Mathematical model, Noise measurement, Optimization, Radar measurements, Ultra wideband technology. Abstract: This paper proposes a relative localization algorithm for Multi-UAV system, in which each agent is able to estimate the relative position of its neighbor based on Ultra-wideband measurement and visual odometry information exchanged. The relative localization algorithm consists of two parts. Visual odometry pre-process part fuses the IMU data and radar altimeter data to correct visual odometry error and reach a higher update rate to ensure flight smoothly and a better state estimation. Using the UWB measurement and information exchanged, each agent constructs a graph to solve relative localization problem in sliding window. Finally, experimental results are presented to corroborate the effectiveness of our proposed relative localization algorithm.
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5,314
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Please write an abstract with title: Self-organizing neurofuzzy networks based on evolutionary fuzzy granulation, and key words: Fuzzy neural networks, Neural networks, Design methodology, Computer architecture, Polynomials, Computational intelligence, Fuzzy sets, Genetic algorithms, Taxonomy, Network topology. Abstract: Experimental software datasets describing software projects in terms of their complexity and development time have been a subject of intensive modeling. A number of various modeling methodologies and modeling designs have been proposed including such development frameworks as neural networks, fuzzy and neurofuzzy models. In this study, we introduce a concept of self-organizing neurofuzzy networks (SONFN), a hybrid modeling architecture combining neurofuzzy networks (NFN) and polynomial neural networks (PNN). For these networks we develop a comprehensive design methodology. The construction of SONFNs takes advantage of the well-established technologies of computational intelligence (CI), namely fuzzy sets, neural networks and genetic algorithms. The architecture of the SONFN results from a synergistic usage of NFNs and PNNs. NFN contributes to the formation of the premise part of the rule-based structure of the SONFN. The consequence part of the SONFN is designed using PNNs. We discuss two types of SONFN architectures whose taxonomy is based on the NFN scheme being applied to the premise part of SONFN. We introduce a comprehensive learning algorithm. It is shown that this network exhibits a dynamic structure as the number of its layers as well as the number of nodes in each layer of the SONFN are not predetermined (as this is the case in a popular topology of a multilayer perceptron). The experimental results include a well-known NASA dataset concerning software cost estimation.
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5,315
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Please write an abstract with title: Detailed Routing Short Violation Prediction Using Graph-Based Deep Learning Model, and key words: Routing, Feature extraction, Predictive models, Pins, Training, Physical design, Tiles. Abstract: As the manufacturing process continuously shrinks, how to accurately estimate routability at placement is becoming increasingly important. In addition to extracting local features, this article innovatively constructs an adjacency matrix to represent the connection relationship among tiles, which can reflect the placement quality more comprehensively. To effectively map local features of tiles to the corresponding adjacency matrix, a graph neural network is employed. This trained model is used to predict short violations at the placement stage. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed method can achieve better binary classification quality for designs with severe shorts and outperforms in inductive learning than available machine learning frameworks.
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5,316
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Please write an abstract with title: Local Facial Attribute Transfer through Inpainting, and key words: Hair, Image color analysis, Face recognition, Semantics, Neural networks, Nose, Generative adversarial networks. Abstract: The term “attribute transfer” refers to the tasks of altering images in such a way, that the semantic interpretation of a given input image is shifted towards an intended direction, which is quantified by semantic attributes. Prominent example applications are photo realistic changes of facial features and expressions, like changing the hair color, adding a smile, enlarging the nose or altering the entire context of a scene, like transforming a summer landscape into a winter panorama. Recent advances in attribute transfer are mostly based on generative deep neural networks, using various techniques to manipulate images in the latent space of the generator. In this paper, we present a novel method for the common sub-task of local attribute transfers, where only parts of a face have to be altered in order to achieve semantic changes (e.g. removing a mustache). In contrast to previous methods, where such local changes have been implemented by generating new (global) images, we propose to formulate local attribute transfers as an inpainting problem. Removing and regenerating only parts of images, our “Attribute Transfer Inpainting Generative Adversarial Network” (ATI-GAN) is able to utilize local context information to focus on the attributes while keeping the background unmodified resulting in visually sound results.
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5,317
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Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Analysis of IR-IR Image Matching Applying the Deep Learning-Based Template Matching Techniques, and key words: Template Matching, IR image registration, Deep Learning, Infrared image. Abstract: Template matching technology is a technique that can be applied to various computer vision technologies such as object detection, object recognition, and object tracking. A powerful template matching technique can improve the accuracy and effectiveness of computer vision techniques. In this paper, the template matching techniques are compared with Infrared Radiation images. The techniques are based on deep learning and this paper is to evaluate the performance of deep learning-based techniques for IR images. The techniques consist of QATM(Quality Aware Template Matching), Deep-DIM (Divisive Input Modulation) and SiamFC. The input IR image pairs consist of a search image and a template image, and the template image is an image that crop out of the search image. Each technique is compared and analyzed for runtime and accuracy. The runtime means whole matching time include making feature maps and the accuracy is calculated with RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error).
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5,318
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Please write an abstract with title: An Analytical Fault Diagnosis Method: Component Relation and Event Relationship Description Matrices, and key words: Transformers, Fault diagnosis, Transmission line matrix methods, Circuit breakers, Circuit faults, Switches, Analytical models. Abstract: There are large amounts of status, switch, and protection information in ac transmission and distribution networks. Due to the complex relationship of information and high overlap of recognition logic, it is difficult to find the exact homeomorphic mapping between a fault and information. This article proposes an analytical fault diagnosis method by the use of a matrixed relationship description and operation to build a certain mapping between the fault and certain related information.
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5,319
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Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication of Nanocomposite Based on Copper Nanowires and Silicone Rubber, and key words: Nanowires, Copper, Liquids, Wires, Nanoparticles, Microscopy, Viscosity. Abstract: This work investigates the impact of the amount of diluent and the method of introduction of copper nanowires on silicone for preparation of nanocomposite material. Toluene (T) added to fresh silicone liquid (S) in S:T proportions from 1: 1 to 1:4 was used as a diluent. The fragmentation of separate nanowires and their distribution in silicone matrix was examined by optical microscopy. The optimal technological conditions for maximum dispersion and homogeneous mixing have been established.
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Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Bayesian contextual classification based on Markov random fields, and key words: Bayesian methods, Markov random fields, Statistics, Probability, Hyperspectral sensors, Hyperspectral imaging, Maximum likelihood estimation, Speckle, Feedback, Data analysis. Abstract: In this paper an adaptive Bayesian contextual classification procedure that utilizes both spectral and spatial interpixel dependency contexts in statistics estimation and classification is proposed. Essentially, this classifier is the constructive coupling of an adaptive classification procedure and a Bayesian contextual classification procedure. In this classifier, the joint prior probabilities of the classes of each pixel and its spatial neighbors are modeled by the Markov random field. Experiments with real hyperspectral data show that, starting with a small training sample set, this classifier can reach classification accuracies similar to that obtained by a pixelwise maximum likelihood classifier with a very large training sample set. Additionally, classification maps are produced which have significantly less speckle error.
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5,321
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Please write an abstract with title: 5-GHz 32-bit integer execution core in 130-nm dual-V/sub T/ CMOS, and key words: CMOS technology, Circuits, Registers, Processor scheduling, Radio frequency, Prototypes, Microprocessors, Delay, Throughput, Associate members. Abstract: A 32-bit integer execution core containing a Han-Carlson arithmetic-logic unit (ALU), an 8-entry /spl times/ 2 ALU instruction scheduler loop and a 32-entry /spl times/ 32-bit register file is described. In a 130 nm six-metal, dual-V/sub T/ CMOS technology, the 2.3 mm/sup 2/ prototype contains 160 K transistors. Measurements demonstrate capability for 5-GHz single-cycle integer execution at 25/spl deg/C. The single-ended, leakage-tolerant dynamic scheme used in the ALU and scheduler enables up to 9-wide ORs with 23% critical path speed improvement and 40% active leakage power reduction when compared to a conventional Kogge-Stone implementation. On-chip body-bias circuits provide additional performance improvement or leakage tolerance. Stack node preconditioning improves ALU performance by 10%. At 5 GHz, ALU power is 95 mW at 0.95 V and the register file consumes 172 mW at 1.37 V. The ALU performance is scalable to 6.5 GHz at 1.1 V and to 10 GHz at 1.7 V, 25/spl deg/C.
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5,322
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Please write an abstract with title: A study on the design and evaluation of an adaptive web browser for students with reading difficulties, and key words: Internet, Web pages, Search engines, Personal communication networks, Usability, Educational technology, Decoding, HTML, Speech synthesis, Natural languages. Abstract: Web-based learning has become an important channel for education improvement. However, children with reading difficulties, including the mental retardation and learning disabilities, have difficulties with word decoding and comprehension. To learn from the Internet, they are facing two challenges in manipulating a browser to read through the web and comprehending the contents on the web pages. The adaptive web browser (AWB) in our design, integrating the technologies of HTML interpreter, text-to-speech engine and picture communication symbols (PCS), facilitates comprehending the contents on web pages with auxiliary speaking sound or picture produced automatically as needed. In examining its usability, the result indicates that the adaptive web browser can help the students with reading difficulties facilitate access to the web and increase comprehension of contents on the web pages.
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5,323
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Please write an abstract with title: A STK-Based Constellation Architecture Implementation for 5G Low-Orbit Satellites, and key words: Wireless communication, Satellite constellations, Satellites, 5G mobile communication, Computer architecture, Reliability engineering, Orbits. Abstract: The wireless satellite communication system is regarded as the most promising novel communication approach that would realize sky-ground-sea area coverage. Satellite constellation design is the most important phase before practically deploying the satellite over the earth. It would determine the satellite number and orbit-related parameters. The purpose of this paper is to study the 5G low-orbit satellite constellation design. At present, some advanced research contributions are proposed, which provide great theory and experience to deeply explore and improve satellite constellation structure. The great achievements includes Walker, Flower, LEO, and VLEO, etc. Moreover, this paper visualizes some important phases while designing the constellation, based on STK. To be detail, motivated by the Starlink constellation deployments, this paper explores the orbital parameters characteristics, the detail constellation architecture, the communication coverage performance under different distribution of satellite and corresponding orbits, and the integrated constellation design solution.
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5,324
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Please write an abstract with title: Street-Map Based Validation of Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving, and key words: Measurement, Roads, Semantics, Production, Manuals, Prediction algorithms, Robustness. Abstract: Artificial intelligence for autonomous driving must meet strict requirements on safety and robustness, which motivates the thorough validation of learned models. However, current validation approaches mostly require ground truth data and are thus both cost-intensive and limited in their applicability. We propose to overcome these limitations by a model agnostic validation using a-priori knowledge from street maps. In particular, we show how to validate semantic segmentation masks and demonstrate the potential of our approach using OpenStreetMap. We introduce validation metrics that indicate false positive or negative road segments. Besides the validation approach, we present a method to correct the vehicle's GPS position so that a more accurate localization can be used for the street-map based validation. Lastly, we present quantitative results on the Cityscapes dataset indicating that our validation approach can indeed uncover errors in semantic segmentation masks.
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5,325
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Please write an abstract with title: Reconfigurable SIW Antenna for Fixed Frequency Beam Scanning and 5G Applications, and key words: Antenna radiation patterns, 5G mobile communication, PIN photodiodes, Slot antennas, Phased arrays, Antenna measurements. Abstract: A novel reconfigurable slotted leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with a fixed-frequency beam-steering capability is presented in this paper. For improved compactness, the structure is based on a SIW technology with rectangular slots fed by associated coupling with plated-through holes (PTH).This represents a new feeding method for etched slots in SIW antennas. Each via is loaded with a pin diode on both sides frontend of the waveguide. The pin diodes are tunable by adjusting the DC bias voltage, which results in beam scanning at a fixed frequency of around 27 GHz. Thus an electronically controlled steerable SIW antenna has been designed and experimentally verified that the radiation angle varies from -33° to +33°.
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5,326
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Please write an abstract with title: Study on The Heat Dissipation Performance of Symmetrical Broken-line Microchannel Radiator, and key words: Heating systems, Temperature distribution, Cooling, Boundary conditions, Optimization, Microchannels, Electronics packaging. Abstract: In this paper, the heat dissipation of symmetrical broken-line microchannel radiator is analyzed. Firstly, the symmetrical broken-line microchannel model is established based on the ordinary broken-line microchannel model, and two models are simulated and compared under the same conditions to compare their heat dissipation capacity. Then, the symmetrical broken-line microchannel model is orthogonally optimized based on factors of the outer corner radius, pipe spacing and pipe width-height ratio. The heat dissipation capacity is analyzed with the average temperature of heat source as the characterization. This study provides theoretical guidance for subsequent microchannel cooling technology.
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5,327
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Please write an abstract with title: On the Contribution of A PV Generation in Adrar’s Isolated Power System, and key words: Electrical engineering, Renewable energy sources, Power demand, High-voltage techniques, Power grids, Power systems, Power generation. Abstract: This paper aims to study and analyse a 220 kV isolated power plant of Adrar, Algeria. This power system is mainly composed of nine buses and seven PV power plants. Simulations are conducted using this power system where the irradiance, power demand and temperature variations are considered. Firstly, the effect of PV module temperature on the generated power is presented and discussed. Secondly, the load flow is analysed during 24 hours in order to evaluate the overall contribution of the PV generation, especially during rush hours. Finally, the transmitted power is also studied, showing the purpose of the related high voltage lines.
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5,328
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Please write an abstract with title: A Quantitative Case Study in WSNs: Design and Implementation of Student Smart ID Card, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Libraries, Medical services, Monitoring, Sensors, Internet of Things, Agriculture. Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a collection of small nodes which are used to sense physical environmental conditions like temperature, pressure, sound, motion. Sensor nodes are deployed to carry out various applications such as disaster recovery, industrial control, health monitoring, environmental monitoring. However, least work has been done in the school environment application. Therefore, in this research work, a smart system has been developed that replace the traditional methods of administrating the University with more sustainable and ecofriendly solutions. WSN is used to record the student's attendance and to track their entry and exit in the classroom. WSN incorporated with the student id card and to check the appropriateness an online survey system has been conducted in AMA University. Incorporation of WSN with Student id card will be benefitted to record student attendance, in the certificate of registration, to avoid examination clashes, replaces exam permit, student health care and eliminating library sign in and out.
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5,329
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Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of Genetic Algorithm-Support Vector Machine on Gene Expression Data in Identification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Nonsmoking Female, and key words: Computational modeling, RNA, Lung cancer, Support vector machine classification, Predictive models, Feature extraction, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. There are two types of lung cancer, i.e., non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. The major cause of lung cancer is smoking. However, there are several cases of non-small lung cancer, with 7% of women with lung cancer in Taiwan having a smoking history. Early detection of cancer will help it go faster and save lives every year. Nowadays, the technology being used is very helpful in the medical field because it uses microarray technology which can help detect cancer in the early phase by analyzing DNA and RNA. In this study, we utilized GA combined with SVM for the classification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in a non-smoking female with microarray data. Hyperparameter tuning is performed to improve model performance. We discovered that SVM with a linear kernel performs better than alternative kernels with accuracy and F1-score values of 0.91 and 0.91, respectively.
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Please write an abstract with title: Augmented Reality using Natural Feature Tracking Method to Introduce Science Verses in Qur’an, and key words: Wireless communication, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Operating systems, Multimedia systems, Feature extraction, Telematics. Abstract: Technology support for multimedia learning is interesting ways as knowledge transfer to student, including Augmented Reality (AR). Qur’an as main life guidance source for Muslim which not only contains instructions for life but also contains various sciences. Therefore, this study aims to discuss about AR implementation as a technology that can be used as a medium for introducing and learning science verses from the Qur'an. The method used is Natural Feature Tracking (NFT) to detect markers of object. Three Dimension (3D) objects and simulations can help users easily understand the meaning of the science verses of the Qur'an on the marker. The implementation of AR multimedia for learning science verses of Qur’an is developed in mobile-based application with Android operating system using Vuforia. The experiment result showed that NFT can detect all of objects with speed test on 20 markers have an average speed of 0.306 s/marker. Besides, this research conducted the user acceptance with several respondents from students and teachers. The user acceptance test showed that this AR multimedia learning application is accepted by users and can attract interest and make it easier to understand and recognize science verses in the Qur’an by obtaining an assessment percentage of 87%.
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Please write an abstract with title: Unlinkable and Revocable Secret Handshake, and key words: unlinkable secret handshake, anonymity, revocation. Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a new construction for unlinkable secret handshake that allows a group of users to perform handshakes anonymously. We define formal security models for the proposed construction and prove that it can achieve session key security, anonymity and affiliation hiding. In particular, the proposed construction ensures that (i) anonymity against protocol participants (including group authority) is achieved since a hierarchical identity-based signature is used in generating group user's pseudonym-credential pairs and (ii) revocation is achieved using a secret sharing-based revocation mechanism.
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5,332
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Please write an abstract with title: A New Control Scheme for Hybrid Active Power Filter, and key words: Active filters, Power harmonic filters, Power system harmonics, Reactive power, Harmonics suppression, Inverters, Power filters, Pollution, Reactive power control, Robust control. Abstract: That correcting power factors and eliminating harmonics current of network sides in supply systems is important, and it is always concerned by electric power users and electric power companies. In this paper, an advanced control techniques are advanced to realize the unified compensation of reactive power and harmonics. The new ideal advanced in this paper is to turn harmonics eliminations to harmonics suppressions, and it conduce stronger robustness of the controller to the disturbances caused by variation of load, parameter perturbations and unmodelled dynamics. The new control scheme can simplify the detection of harmonic current greatly. The method of suppression harmonics presented in the paper has strictly mathematical fundaments. In this paper a simulation example is given and the simulation results show the validity and the performance of the unified compensative method
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5,333
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Please write an abstract with title: Reconstruction algorithms for electromagnetic imaging, and key words: Reconstruction algorithms, Dielectrics, Electromagnetic scattering, Image reconstruction, Genetic algorithms, Tomography, Nonhomogeneous media, Cost function, Iterative methods, Minimization methods. Abstract: Two algorithms for image reconstruction in electromagnetic imaging are proposed. The first approach concerns the application of a hybrid version of the genetic algorithm to tomographic imaging of dielectric configurations. In the second approach, buried inhomogeneities are schematized as multilayer infinite dielectric cylinders with elliptic cross sections. An efficient recursive analytical procedure is used for the forward scattering computation. A cost function is constructed in which the field is expressed in a series solution of Mathieu functions. Starting with the input scattered data, the iterative minimization of the function is performed by a new optimization method called a memetic algorithm.
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5,334
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of the minimum fuel neural network to music signals, and key words: Fuels, Neural networks, Multiple signal classification, Dictionaries, Atomic measurements, Feature extraction, Fourier transforms, Wavelet transforms, Control engineering, Differential equations. Abstract: Finding an optimal representation of a signal in an over-complete dictionary is often quite difficult. Since general results in this field are not very application friendly, it truly helps to specify the framework as much as possible. We investigate the method of the minimum fuel neural network (MFNN) for finding sparse representations of music signals. This method is a set of two ordinary differential equations. We argue that the most important parameter for optimal use of this method is the discretization step size, and we demonstrate that this can be a priori determined. This significantly speeds up the convergence of the MFNN to the optimal sparse solution.
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Please write an abstract with title: 98% Endurance Error Reduction by Hard_Verify for 40nm TaO<inf>x</inf> based ReRAM, and key words: Reliability, Current distribution, Temperature measurement, Protocols, Resistive RAM, Area measurement. Abstract: This paper proposes Hard_Verify technique for 40nm TaO $_{X} -$based resistive random access memories (ReRAM). The proposed technique is a new Verify operation leads to enhancing the reliability of endurance. Verify criteria of proposed Hard_Verify is changed to expand executing area as compared with conventional Verify. With Hard_Verify, measured Bit-Error Rate (BER) of low resistance state (LRS) is reduced by 98% at high endurance cycles $= 10 ^{5\, }$as compared with conventional Verify. In addition, the optimal write process applying Hard_Verify is investigated to reduce tail error cells (tail bits) at high endurance cycles. To explain such enhancement of the endurance reliability, the physical model is discussed based on oxygen vacancy $(\mathrm{V}_{O})$ diffusion.
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Please write an abstract with title: Developing a Smartphone App for Arecanut Farmers and Integrating it with an IoT Enabled Smart Weighing Scale, and key words: Wireless communication, Weight measurement, Crops, Production, Real-time systems, Time measurement, Internet of Things. Abstract: Areca nut production in India is the largest in the world accounting for approximately 52% (according to 2019 production volumes) of its world output, and still is a very tedious and time consuming process as to the scale of the product [1]. Smart Sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) are two new technologies that can help to resolve this issue. This paper will show how smart sensors, the Internet of Things (IoT), and a smartphone application may be used to oversee the entire process. We are proposing a smart weighing scale integrated to our smartphone application using Internet of Things (IoT). The smart weight scale’s purpose is to measure weight of Areca nuts in real time and send the data to our smartphone application by using the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module for wireless communication. This method employs a mechanical framework and a 50 kg load cell as sensing elements, along with an HX711 amplifier.
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Please write an abstract with title: Miniaturization of a patch antenna with dispersive double negative medium substrates, and key words: Patch antennas, Dispersion, Transmission line theory, Dielectric materials, Admittance, Permittivity, Permeability, Refractive index, Metamaterials, Dielectric substrates. Abstract: In this letter, a potential application of practically dispersive double negative medium substrates on the dimensions miniaturization of patch antennas is explored. By using the transmission line theory, it is shown that the use of such a practically dispersive double negative material could not offer such a broadband characteristic as a hypothetical nondispersion double negative medium, but it can indeed greatly miniaturize the dimensions of the patch antenna.
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Please write an abstract with title: Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory-based Intelligent Auxiliary Diagnosis of Fetal Health, and key words: Deep learning, Training, Pregnancy, Fetal heart rate, Databases, Tools, Reconstruction algorithms. Abstract: Fetal distress is the main cause of frequent adverse events such as asphyxia and disability. It is particularly important to monitor the fetal intrauterine state in late pregnancy so as to detect fetal abnormalities in time. Cardiotocography (CTG) is an important tool for fetal health assessment in clinical practice. But the accuracy and consistency of CTG are generally not ideal as the correct interpretation is affected by the doctor's clinical experience and ability. Therefore, this paper proposed an intelligent assistant diagnosis algorithm based on fetal heart rate (FHR) signals, which integrated by the input layer construction based on MelFrequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) and the deep neural network model based on bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM). Through 200 sets of intrapartum data from a public database, the results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a high accuracy of 96.25%, which can achieve a pretty well assessment of the fetal state and assist clinicians to make an auxiliary diagnosis of the fetal health.
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5,339
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimal stopping decision of R&D project under conditions of uncertainty, and key words: Uncertainty, Research and development, Stochastic processes, Random variables, Investments, Modeling, Research and development management, Exponential distribution, Distribution functions, Systems engineering and theory. Abstract: This paper discusses the research and development decision problem without rivalry. Specifically, the inter-arrival times and jump magnitudes are characterized as random variables with arbitrary probability distributions. Furthermore, the expected value model which maximizes the expected discounted net return from the project is developed. The stochastic simulation is designed to estimate the value of the objective function, and the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm is employed to solve the proposed model. At the end of this paper, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this method.
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Please write an abstract with title: KRAMER: Kanaria NFT Collection Rarity Meter, and key words: Meters, Conferences, Birds, Real-time systems, Blockchains, Cryptocurrency, Data mining. Abstract: In the demo, we present Kramer– an online rarity meter for the Karnaia NFT collection. Meter takes NFTs’ traits, sets, and editions and fits their combination for trading data. Kramer provides the score and the rank of the desired bird and full statistics of all birds.
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Please write an abstract with title: Shape Classification Using Randomized Neural Network Descriptors Extracted from the Fourier Spectrum, and key words: Shape, Fourier transforms, Neurons, Robustness, Biological neural networks, Feature extraction, Recurrent neural networks. Abstract: The study of shape objects, in special, its description and recognition is a field of intense research in computer vision. This paper presents a novel approach for shape descriptor based on two methods: the randomized neural network (RNN), which has a single hidden neuron layer and a training algorithm much faster than the traditional backpropagation approach, and the Fourier transform, a traditional signal analysis tool that enables us to decompose a signal into its frequencies. By combining these methods, we are able to compute a robust shape signature, which is capable of recognizing very different types of images, from occluded shapes to large sets of images under affine transformations. We compared the proposed approach with several shape analysis methods. The results indicate that our proposed approach can be successfully applied in different shape analysis problems.
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Please write an abstract with title: Lessons from ethology for computational models of development, and key words: Computational modeling, Animal behavior, Organisms, Rats, Control systems, Cats, Costs, Organizing, Adaptive systems, Animal structures. Abstract: Summary form only given. Recent results from the ethological literature challenge some widely held views about the development of animal behavior and offer new directions for research into the organization of synthetic behavior systems. The process of development is often seen as one of continual refinement, with infantile behaviors representing the primitive precursors of adult behavior. While this notion is intuitively pleasing, there are two ways in which it may be incorrect. First, Coppinger (Coppinger and Smith 1990) argues that infantile behaviors are just as well adapted as adult behaviors, but adapted to the challenges that the organism faces during its early life and early social context. In his view, development is best understood as a process of, 'swapping' elements in the behavioral repertoire rather than refining them; the adult version of a behavior, in other words, is a distinct replacement for its juvenile counterpart, not an outgrowth of it. The second problem with the traditional view of behavioral development is that infantile behaviors are often expressed in an entirely different motivational context than their adult counterparts. Indeed, infantile behaviors that satisfy a particular motivational system such as hunger may be controlled by entirely different motivational systems. Hall and Willams have shown, for example, that during the first several weeks of life, a rat pup's suckling rate is independent of how hungry it is. That is, rat pups suckle because they are innately motivated to do so, not because they are hungry. Similarly, Hogan (Hogan 1999) suggests that during the first 48 hours of a chick's life, the amount that it pecks has nothing to do with its level of hunger. Leyhausen (Lorenz and Leyhausen 1973) has shown that the behaviors that make up the sequence of predatory behaviors in cats are refined through play, often well before the cat ever makes 'the connection' between the acquisition of prey and a subsequent reduction in hunger. What is going on here? In the first two cases, the juvenile behaviors act as 'fail-safe' mechanisms to ensure that the creature's needs are met without needing an innate or learned connection between the behaviors and the critical motivational systems that they act to satisfy. In the latter case, behaviors that will be critically important in adulthood are initially expressed and refined in a context in which the costs of failure are low, i.e. the creature's life doesn't depend on how well they perform the behavior at that given moment. Both of these concerns suggest that by re-examining our assumptions about development in animals, we may be able to glean generally useful organizing principles for the design of adaptive computational systems.
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Please write an abstract with title: Communication channel assessment: detection of ultra wideband signals using a channelized receiver, and key words: Communication channels, Ultra wideband technology, Signal detection, Pulse modulation, Bandwidth, Filters, Niobium, Interference, Force sensors, Radiometry. Abstract: Non-matched filter communication channel assessment is perhaps the most challenging approach that can be taken. The task is even more challenging when considering the coexistence of narrowband and ultra wideband (UWB) signals. This work examines channelized receiver techniques as one alternative for detecting UWB signals. Detection results obtained with temporal-temporal and spectral-spectral data are compared with best case, matched filter performance and radiometric detection. Given UWB signals are somewhat "featureless" in the spectral domain, detection results based on temporal-temporal processing proved most promising, with some cases providing 2.5 dB improvement relative to radiometric detection.
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Please write an abstract with title: Implementation and Evaluation of Direct Instantaneous Torque Control for Switched Reluctance Machine with Low-Resolution Rotor Position Sensor, and key words: Torque, Rotors, Torque measurement, Reluctance machines, Couplings, Position measurement, Simulation. Abstract: To carry out the direct instantaneous torque control (DITC) for the switched reluctance machine (SRM) with the low-resolution rotor position sensor, a dynamic acquisition method for the torque characteristics is proposed. The complete flux-linkage characteristics of the SRM are calculated based on the measured data at four specific rotor positions, and the torque characteristics are obtained with the spatial derivative of the coenergy. Detailed simulation and experiment are conducted, and the performances of the DITC with the resolver and photoelectric position sensor are comprehensively compared. Furthermore, to reveal the major causes of performance degradation, the influences of the rotor position estimation and torque characteristics calculation with the photoelectric position sensor are separately evaluated. The presented method, analysis and results are significant for the implementation of the DITC for the SRM with low-resolution rotor position sensor widely exists in some fields, such as the household appliances.
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Please write an abstract with title: A multiple representational environment for learning programming and C, and key words: Telecommunication computing, Problem-solving, Design engineering, Feedback, Writing, Informatics, Electronic mail, Computer science, Mathematical programming, Flowcharts. Abstract: We present the design and the basic features of a computer learning environment for programming and C using geometrical objects (L.E.C.G.O.). The design of this environment was the result of modeling. Basic aspects of constructivism have also been taken into account in its design. L.E.C.G.O. provides pupils with opportunities to: a) express their problem solving strategies in multiple representation systems starting from intuitive representations and moving gradually to more sophisticated ones, b) solve a variety of familiar and meaningful problems, and c) overcome the cognitive load of the syntactical rules of programming in C by using appropriately designed computer-based authoring tools. A similar environment has not yet been reported.
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance Evaluation of EVM based Primary User Monitoring in Cognitive Radio Systems, and key words: Vehicular and wireless technologies, OFDM, Simulation, Detectors, Receivers, Probability density function, Sensors. Abstract: Continuous sensing and transmission by secondary users (SUs) in cognitive radio (CR) allows efficient use of available spectrum. In this approach, the SU receiver continuously senses the spectrum while it transmits in the same frequency band. Leveraging this advantage, we study the performance of error vector magnitude (EVM) based detection to detect the reappearance of the primary user (PU) signal during ongoing SU data transmission. We exploit the pilot tones that are inherent to many OFDM based standards to measure the EVM. We consider two models of PU namely an unknown deterministic signal and a Gaussian random signal with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). We derive an analytical form of the probability density function (PDF) of the EVM based detector based on the exact representation of Chi-square distributions. We analyze the performance of our detector by deriving the type I (false positive) and type II (false negative) error probabilities. Simulation results show that the EVM based approach achieves better performance than energy detection.
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Please write an abstract with title: Multiple Intelligence Theory for Gamification of Online STEM Modules, and key words: Visualization, Distance learning, Education, Music, Europe, Corona, STEM. Abstract: Due to the Corona crisis teaching in higher education was shifted to online learning and has changed the lives of learners around the world. Students study in online courses from home and sit in front of technical devices all day. To get the students’ attention teachers need to find new ways of teaching. Smart gamification allows the students to participate in many ways in the lectures. As Howard Gardener states in the Multiple Intelligence Theory people have different intelligence types and need to be activated individually. Lecturers from different universities in Europe have come together to develop and exchange new methods to keep the students active during the STEM lectures and increase their motivation to study (STEM=science, technology, engineering, mathematics). Furthermore, students have the chance to collaborate in virtual mobility with students from Germany, Poland, Portugal, and Spain. A tool is needed that gets the students’ attention with addressing different intelligence types Gardener classified, e.g. musical, visual, verbal, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, existential. With the WBS LearnSpace 3D®, which is a tool for online working academia, students and lecturers from different countries are brought together on a virtual campus which takes virtual mobility to a next level.
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Please write an abstract with title: Web Page Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Towards Eliminating Internet Addiction, and key words: Visualization, Scientific computing, Computational modeling, Web pages, Games, Streaming media, Predictive models. Abstract: In the modern world, everyone has access to the internet as a source of information by surfing the web pages. The most popular web page surf is on Game and Online Video Streaming. Users who are spending too much time on these kinds of web pages may lead to a negative impact on Internet addiction. To overcome the internet addiction problem, access to Game and Online Video Streaming web pages needs to be restricted. Thus, a mechanism that can classify the category of the incoming web page based on the web page content is needed. This paper is proposing a web page classification model using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to classify the web page, then identify whether it is a Game or Online Video Streaming based on the pattern of words in the word cloud image taken from the web page text content. The proposed web page classification model has achieved 82.22 % accuracy to detect the pre-classifled web pages.
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5,349
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Please write an abstract with title: Unified decoder architectures for repeat-accumulate and LDPC codes, and key words: Parity check codes, Iterative decoding, Bipartite graph, Computer architecture, Turbo codes, Design methodology, Iterative algorithms, Delay, Error correction codes, Multimedia systems. Abstract: This paper investigates the design of high-performance decoder architectures for two promising codes-repeat-accumulate (RA) and LDPC codes-of large block length, in both regular and irregular forms. It addresses the decoder implementation complexity problem for such codes that stems from the "unstructured" nature of the code's underlying Tanner graph. To decouple the complexity of the decoder from the randomness of the code structure, we extend our earlier results on LDPC codes in M. M. Mansour et al., (2003) to RA codes and identify an architecture-aware (AA) graph structure that induces regularity features amenable to efficient and scalable decoder implementations. Design methods of AA-RA codes with structured graphs for which an iterative decoding algorithm performs well under message-passing are analogous to those for AA-LDPC codes. A unified decoder architecture capable of decoding both AA-RA and LDPC codes based on the staggered decoding schedule of M. M. Mansour et al. (2003) is introduced. Architectural optimizations that address the latency, memory overhead and implementation complexity problems typical of iterative decoders for long codes are also investigated.
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Please write an abstract with title: Use of a VSWR meter in problems of propagation constants measurement, and key words: Indium tin oxide, Microwave technology, Organizing, IEEE catalog, Roentgenium. Abstract: The possibility of measurement of wave propagation constant of completely and partly filled waveguides is shown by means of complex dielectric permeability. Corresponding measurement methods are considered.
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Please write an abstract with title: Observations of Electron Cyclotron Emission on the PLT tokamak, and key words: Temperature measurement, Optical variables measurement, Optical scattering, Carbon, Plasma measurements, Optical reflection, Optical polarization. Abstract: At the Wurzburg meeting, we reported the installation of an improved radiation collection optical system for the fast-scanning Michelson interferometer that is being used to observe the electron cyclotron emission (ECE) from the PLT tokamak (1). The purpose of this optical system was (a) to provide control over the field of view in the PLT plasma, and (b) to allow the coupling of radiation from a blackbody source to the Michelson to be as much like the plasma-Michelson coupling as possible, in an effort to make absolutely calibrated measurements of the ECE. During the Würzburg meeting, a carbon mirror was installed for us on the far wall of the PLT vacuum vessel so that it served as a viewing target for the optical system. This paper reports on (a) observations of the ECE entering the optical system in two orthogonal directions of polarization that were made following the installation of the viewing target, and (b) the degree of success that has been achieved in an effort to make absolutely calibrated measurements of the ECE spectrum.
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Please write an abstract with title: An efficient feature selection using multi-criteria in text categorization, and key words: Text categorization, Information science, Data mining, Feature extraction, Filters, Filtering, NP-hard problem, Electronic mail, Web pages, Natural languages. Abstract: Text categorization is a problem of assigning a document into one or more predefined classes. One of the most interesting issues in text categorization is feature selection. This paper proposes a novel approach in feature selection based on multicriteria ranking of features. Based on a threshold value for each criterion, a new procedure for feature selection is proposed and applied to a text categorization. Experiments dealing with the Reuters-21578 benchmark data and the naive Bayes algorithm show that the proposed approach outperforms performances in compare to conventional feature selection methods.
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Please write an abstract with title: Full wavelength dependence of Raman gain in optical fibers: measurements using a single pump laser, and key words: Stimulated emission, Optical fibers, Gain measurement, Wavelength measurement, Laser excitation, Fiber lasers, Pump lasers, Frequency, Power measurement, Optical amplifiers. Abstract: The dependence of the Raman gain on both the absolute pump wavelength and the signal-pump wavelength difference can be determined using a simple method that relies on a single pump laser, broadband source, and OSA.
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Please write an abstract with title: A comparison of Return voltage measurement and frequency domain spectroscopy test on high voltage insulation, and key words: Voltage measurement, Frequency domain analysis, Spectroscopy, Insulation testing, Power transformer insulation, Oil insulation, Dielectrics and electrical insulation, Moisture, Petroleum, Least squares approximation. Abstract: Return voltage measurement (RVM) and low frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) have been successfully used to assess moisture content of oil/paper insulation. This paper is focused on modeling the dielectric response of transformer insulation with RVM data and FDS data respectively to get a relationship between these two methods and to facilitate a better interpretation of test results. The model is based on linear dielectric response theory. A nonlinear least squares optimization algorithm is used to estimate the parameters in the model. Experiments have been performed on two transformers in the Pacific Power Advanced Technology Center (ATC). When the transformer is relatively "dry" good agreement was obtained between these two methods, but some difference was found when moisture content of oil/paper insulation in transformer increases.
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5,355
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Please write an abstract with title: Development of a Chewing Robot With Built-in Humanoid Jaws to Simulate Mastication to Quantify Robotic Agents Release From Chewing Gums Compared to Human Participants, and key words: Robots, Drugs, In vitro, Teeth, Instruments, Pistons, In vivo. Abstract: Medicated chewing gum has been recognised as a new advanced drug delivery method, with a promising future. Its potential has not yet been fully exploited because currently there is no gold standard for testing the release of agents from chewing gum in vitro. This study presents a novel humanoid chewing robot capable of closely replicating the human chewing motion in a closed environment, incorporating artificial saliva and allowing measurement of xylitol release from the gum. The release of xylitol from commercially available chewing gum was quantified following both in vitro and in vivo mastication. The chewing robot demonstrated a similar release rate of xylitol as human participants. The greatest release of xylitol occurred during the first 5 minutes of chewing and after 20 minutes of chewing only a low amount of xylitol remained in the gum bolus, irrespective of the chewing method used. Saliva and artificial saliva solutions respectively were collected after 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes of continuous chewing and the amount of xylitol released from the chewing gum determined. Bioengineering has been implemented as the key engineering strategy to create an artificial oral environment that closely mimics that found in vivo. These results demonstrate the chewing robot with built-in humanoid jaws could provide opportunities for pharmaceutical companies to investigate and refine drug release from gum, with reduced patient exposure and reduced costs using this novel methodology.
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Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Finite-Time Secondary Frequency Control of Islanded Microgrids With Enhanced Operational Flexibility, and key words: Microgrids, Convergence, Frequency control, Steady-state, Stability analysis, Design methodology, Communication networks. Abstract: Consensus-based control has been widely applied in the frequency/voltage restoration and power sharing of microgrids. Considering the existence of plug-and-play devices and accidental communication failures in microgrids, the physical and cyber structure of a microgrid may be time-varying, where the performance of traditional consensus-based control methods under ideal cases may not be guaranteed. This article proposed a novel finite-time consensus-based secondary frequency control strategy, i.e., a control strategy with finite-time convergence performance. The convergence time of the proposed control strategy is independent of both the structure and operation states of the microgrid, which guarantees the effectiveness of the control strategy under flexible operating conditions. Moreover, a detailed performance analysis of the finite-time control strategy is presented, and an optimal design method of the control parameters is developed, which significantly improves the performance of the finite-time control strategy. The flexibility of the proposed control strategy, as well as the effectiveness of the optimal design method, is verified by both simulation and experimental results.
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Please write an abstract with title: Simulation & Analysis of Protection for Power System Networks by Non Super Conducting Fault Current Limiter, and key words: Non-Superconducting Fault Current Limiters, Fault Current Limiter (FCL), Fault Currents, Non-Superconductor, Bridge Rectifiers. Abstract: Fault current protection is a major issues in power quality. To mitigatethe increasing fault current issues, various techniques had been developed. The most straight forward way would be upgrading all the conductors, switchgear and protection devices in existing power systems to raise their fault current ratings and interrupting speed but this is expensive. Another is to replace all damage equipment, which is complicated and time consuming. Fault current level is confined to lower level of acceptable limit by using Fault Current Limiters (FCLs). This paper utilizes Non-Super Conducting Fault Current Limiter (NSFCL) with a control strategy to maintain the fault current. This gives an added advantage of improved voltage profile in faulty phase. The proposed technique, NSFCL has been studied and simulated in virtual environment provided by MATLAB Simulink.
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Please write an abstract with title: Toward large nanostructures, and key words: Nanostructures, DNA, Sequences, Self-assembly, Fabrication, Assembly, Crystals, Production, Polymers, Tiles. Abstract: We describe here the enzymatic production of unusually long sequences of DNA with structural significance for nanostructure self-assembly. A circular template is generated via enzymatic cyclization of a 95 base linear oligonucleotide which then serves as a substrate for DNA polymerases. these 95mer-circles are efficient templates, leading to the production of tandem repeat strands as long as 15,000 bases. Our studies further demonstrate the repetitive nature of the product by enzymatic cleavage giving unit-length oligonucleotides. The rolling circle amplification technique presents a useful method for generating well defined, macroscopic components of DNA nanostructures.
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5,359
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Please write an abstract with title: Bearings-only locating algorithm of low-level flying target, and key words: Intelligent sensors, Intelligent control, Acoustic sensors, Motion measurement, Velocity measurement, Time measurement. Abstract: Bearings-only locating technique of low-level flying target is very important in military defense. The sensor can only receive bearing information, so it is impossible to obtain the whole state of the target. Based on the hypothesis that the target makes uniform velocity rectilinear motion in three continuous observation periods, a single-stationary sensor single-target locating method is obtained by combining three continuous measurements in time series. The method can be used for nonlinear flying target and simulation results show it is available.
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5,360
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Please write an abstract with title: Self-organized Si suboxide (SiO<sub>x</sub>, x<2) interfacial layers - optimization of performance and reliability in advanced devices, and key words: Dielectric substrates, Bonding, Optical scattering, X-ray scattering, Thermal stresses, Spectroscopy, Ellipsometry, Tensile stress, Dielectric thin films, Annealing. Abstract: Self-organized Si suboxide (SiO/sub x/, x<2) interfacial layers were characterised by medium energy ion scattering, single wavelength ellipsometry, synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and optical second harmonic generation.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Signal Classification and Recognition Method Based on Over-Complete Dictionary in Compressed Sensing, and key words: Compressed sensing, Dictionaries, Training, Sparse matrices, Matching pursuit algorithms, Pattern classification, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: Aiming at the classification and recognition of several common signals in underwater target detection, a signal classification and recognition method based on compressed sensing is proposed. The sparse representation of the signal is constructed, that is, the sparse basis of the signal is formed by constructing the over-complete dictionary of the signal. The process of signal classification and recognition based on compressed sensing is described in detail. The signal recognition performance of compressed sensing is simulated under different Signal noise ratio (SNR). The result shows that the signal recognition method based on compressed sensing has good performance.
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Please write an abstract with title: Some Simplification for Analysis of Linear Circuits, and key words: Circuit analysis, Linear circuits, Polynomials, Frequency, Impedance, Voltage, Filtering theory, Sprites (computer), Equations, Feedback amplifiers. Abstract: Any linear, passive, or active two-terminal pair network is describable in terms of six, interrelated "characteristic polynomials." A method for finding them is presented which requires less labor than is usually involved in finding a set of the conventional circuit parameters. Examples are given. Having found the characteristic polynomials, all of the conventional parameters, such as the open-circuit impedances, can be written down simply as ratios of the polynomials. Methods are discussed for finding the characteristic polynomials for interconnected networks from those of their component networks. Such calculations utilizing all six polynomials save labor over conventional methods by introducing additional information at the outset and by eliminating redundant factors.
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Please write an abstract with title: Mechanical noise induced by acceleration or acoustic disturbances in MEMS microwave inductors, and key words: Acoustic noise, Acceleration, Micromechanical devices, Inductors, Semiconductor device noise, Background noise, Noise level, Microwave devices, Acoustic devices, Self-assembly. Abstract: A fully parallel self-assembly fabrication process has been developed previously, where microwave inductors are rotated away from the substrate in order to increase the quality factor and the self-resonant frequency. However, with the devices being up to 500 /spl mu/m high and freely standing on the semiconductor chip, their mechanical stability needs to be considered. In order to evaluate this issue, a finite element model has been developed. Using this model the displacement due to a mechanical load is determined and variations of electrical characteristics associated with the coil deformation are computed. Comparing the mechanically induced noise power to the thermal noise background level shows that for high signal power levels above approximately 1 mW, mechanical noise can not be neglected and proper care has to be taken with design and packaging in order to minimise this type of noise.
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Please write an abstract with title: Research and Implementation of LRU-Based Flow Table Management for Onboard Switch, and key words: Satellites, Simulation, Switches, Control systems, Hardware, Delays, Software defined networking. Abstract: In software defined networking (SDN), if a newly arriving flow does not match the rule in the flow table, the switch will send a message to the controller for further actions. Similarly, the flow-based onboard switch needs to interact with the network control center when an incoming flow does not match the flow entries in the flow table. At the same time, satellite network has less bandwidth, higher delay and strict hardware resource. To improve the efficiency of flow table management in the switch, an LRU-based flow table management circuit is designed in this paper. This design can fully utilize the storage of the flow table to enhance the flow entry matching rate and increase the active flow entry priority to reduce the matching time of the flow table. If the flow table storage is full when a new entry comes, it deletes the oldest unmatched flow entry. Thus, the performance can be improved in the channel utilization and delay. The whole design is realized with Verilog HDL, simulated with Modelsim SE 10.2c in a Xilinx xc6vlx240t FPGA. And the simulation results indicate that the design can meet the corresponding requirements with little resource, which is suitable for onboard switch.
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Provisioning of Storage Resources: A Case Study with Burst Buffers, and key words: Dynamic scheduling, Buffer storage, Tools, Containers, Hardware, Task analysis, Computer architecture. Abstract: Complex applications and workflows needs are often exclusively expressed in terms of computational resources on HPC systems. In many cases, other resources like storage or network are not allocatable and are shared across the entire HPC system. By looking at the storage resources in particular, any workflow or application should be able to select both its preferred data manager and its required storage capability or capacity. To achieve such a goal, new mechanisms should be introduced. In this work, we present such a tool that dynamically provisions a data management system on top of storage devices. We propose a proof-of-concept that is able to deploy, on-demand, a parallel file-system across intermediate storage nodes on a Cray XC50 system. We show how this mechanism can be easily extended to support more data managers and any type of intermediate storage. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the provisioned storage system with a set of benchmarks.
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Please write an abstract with title: Development of fine pitch solders joint interconnection technology for flip chip assembly, and key words: Soldering, Flip chip, Assembly, Bonding, Fingers, Integrated circuit interconnections, Gold, Intermetallic, Costs, Copper. Abstract: This paper presents the development of a new fine pitch (100 mum) solder-joint-based interconnection technology for flip chip assemblies. In contrast to existing flip chip technologies such as controlled collapse chip connection (C4) or solder alternatives like anisotropic conductive film (ACF), anisotropic conductive paste (ACP), or nonconductive paste (NCP), this method not only meets the requirements for fine pitch and high I/O density, but also provides a robust solder intermetallic (IMC) joint between die bumps and substrate bond fingers in flip chip assemblies. And perhaps even more importantly, this technology has a very low process cost. The fine pitch solder dots were pre-applied on printed circuit board (PCB) bond fingers through direct stencil printing and reflow. The stencil had apertures that were the same pitch as the die pads; thus, no redistribution layer on the die surface was necessary. Nonflow underfills were employed during flip chip assembly to bond the die on the PCB. During the die mounting process, the gold stud bump of die penetrated the oxidization layer of the solder dot. Then, when the solder dot was melted by bonder heat, it encompassed the gold bump and copper finger to form a robust intermetallic Au/Solder/Cu joint. The underfill also cured during the mounting process. Daisy chain boards with fine pitch bond fingers were constructed as a vehicle to evaluate the performance of this fine pitch interconnection technology. Both electrical tests and mechanical environment tests were performed. The initial evaluation results showed that this technology is viable in terms of its high electrical and mechanical performance and its low manufacturing cost
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5,367
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Please write an abstract with title: A Post-Processing Method for Time-Reassigned Multisynchrosqueezing Transform and Its Application in Processing the Strong Frequency-Varying Signal, and key words: Delays, Time-frequency analysis, Frequency estimation, Transforms, Iterative methods, Estimation, Analytical models. Abstract: Strong frequency-varying signal always undergoes a rapid frequency change within a short time duration. Converting its 1-D waveform into the 2-D time-frequency (TF) plane is convenient for us to understand the structure of the strong frequency-varying signal. Time-reassigned multisynchrosqueezing transform (TMSST) is a recently proposed time-frequency analysis (TFA) method, which owns the capability to provide an energy concentrated time-frequency representation (TFR) result for the strong frequency-varying signal. However, the fixed-point iterative estimation manner of the group delay in the TMSST method would lead to some non-reassigned TF points and further affect the readability of the TFR result. To address this issue, a post-processing method for the TMSST is proposed in this study. In the proposed method, the group delay of the strong frequency-varying signal is estimated by local maximizing the TFR result provided by TMSST in the time direction, and then the TF coefficients from the TMSST are rearranged among the time direction on the basis of the new estimated group delay. Results from simulation and experimental case studies verify that the proposed method can provide a more energy-concentrated TFR result in comparison with the other existing TFA methods.
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5,368
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Sensor Fusion Applied to the Detection of Person-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (PB-IEDs), and key words: Sensor fusion, Springs, Compounds, Photonics, Electromagnetics, Explosives, Clothing. Abstract: This paper describes the functionality of a sensor fusion toolbox designed to process data acquired by several state-of-the-art detection technologies during a trial on the detection of PB-IEDs, organized by TNO in 2016. The toolbox allows to define an operational scenario and determines successively the optimal combination of selected sensors which fulfills a number of given requirements.
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5,369
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Please write an abstract with title: Health Monitoring of Expecting Mothers using Multiple Sensor Approach: “Preg Care”, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Pregnancy, Medical services, Reliability, Biomedical monitoring, Monitoring. Abstract: Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of non-developing and developing countries stipulate that every year an enormous number of pregnant women succumbed to death due to lack of proper healthcare service. In the case of Bangladesh, maximum maternal deaths happen in the rural and hill-tracts area due to the communication gap during the emergency moments. To solve this situation, in this study, we have proposed multiple sensor-based systems that focus on the issue of complete health monitoring of an expecting mother. We envisioned to target the expecting mothers who are most of the time-deprived of complete health monitoring during the pregnancy time. Our developed system consists of non-invasive anemia and glucose rate detection, sudden fall detection, heart rate, and body temperature. We have also incorporated Wi-Fi and GSM modules in our device to make it viable for telemonitoring. To monitor all these physical parameters, we have also introduced a custom-made android application. These would allow the expecting mothers to assess their health conditions. The doctors and family members would also get notified through SMS if there is an emergency. The outcome of this research would help the health service providers to envision a different approach to give proper healthcare facilties to expecting mothers, specially in the rural areas.
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5,370
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Please write an abstract with title: TISIRC: A multichannel ASIC with gain control for SiPM detectors, and key words: Circuits and systems, Detectors, Capacitance, CMOS technology, Gain control, Integrated circuit modeling, Voltage control. Abstract: SiPM/MPPC are detectors that give a signal when a single photon hits them. To read those detectors circuits must, on the one hand, be fast enough to capture the signals, and on the other hand, manage the detector capacitance. Also, they must deal with SiPM gain variations depending on external variables, and read the complete range of fired pixels. This work aims to design and tape-out a SiPM readout chip that reads high-capacitance SiPMs with up to 3000 pixels and to control their gain. To achieve those objectives, a 4 channel chip was designed using a 180 nm CMOS technology, with bias voltage control of each detector to adjust their gains. The integrated circuit called TISIRC was designed, simulated, fabricated, and soon it will be tested.
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5,371
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Please write an abstract with title: Single-Phase to Ground Fault Line Identification for Medium Voltage Islanded Microgrids With Neutral Ineffectively Grounded Modes, and key words: Circuit faults, Transient analysis, Network topology, Fault diagnosis, High frequency, Oscillators, Transformers. Abstract: Considering single-phase to ground (SPG) faults accounting for more than 80% of all faults, neutral ineffectively grounded mode (NIGM) is the most promising choice for medium voltage (MV) islanded microgrids (MGs) to enhance operation reliability. But due to the weak fault current and flexible network topology of islanded MGs, it is difficult to detect SPG fault lines. To solve this issue, this paper firstly analyzes the SPG fault characteristics of the MV islanded MGs with different NIGMs and network topologies. It is found that the looped MGs have a virtual terminal, i.e., the point where zero-sequence current (ZSC) is zero. And the feature differences between fault and non-fault lines are revealed. Based on that, an SPG fault line identification method is proposed. The main criterion is constructed based on the skewness signs of high frequency zero-sequence voltage (ZSV) and ZSC. Additionally, the fundamental amplitude of the difference between the actual ZSC received from another terminal and the ZSC calculated from local ZSV and ZSC is used to formulate an auxiliary criterion. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated in a 10kV islanded MG model considering different NIGMs, different fault conditions, arc grounding faults, and the influences of the line parameter, operating point and measurement noises.
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5,372
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Please write an abstract with title: A novel dynamic cell configuration scheme in next-generation situation-aware CDMA networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Next generation networking, Multiaccess communication, Telecommunication traffic, Land mobile radio cellular systems, Resource management, Call admission control, Downlink, Multimedia systems, Communication system traffic control. Abstract: In next-generation CDMA networks, due to random user mobility and time-varying multimedia traffic activity, the system design of coverage and capacity is a challenging issue. To utilize radio resources efficiently, it is crucial for future cellular networks to be aware of the system situation and configures cell coverage and capacity dynamically to balance traffic loads over all cells. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic cell configuration scheme in multimedia CDMA networks via reinforcement-learning, which takes into account pilot, soft handoff, and maximum link power allocations as well as call admission control mechanisms. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in situation-aware CDMA networks.
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5,373
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Please write an abstract with title: Chip-scale multiwavelength hybridly modelocked semiconductor laser, and key words: Laser modes, Semiconductor lasers, Optical interferometry, Optical waveguides, Wavelength division multiplexing, Laser tuning, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, High speed optical techniques, Optical pulses, Integrated optics. Abstract: A partially integrated, multiwavelength hybridly modelocked semiconductor laser generates 14 ps FWHM pulses at 12.5 GHz. Spectral interferometry suppresses the odd-order longitudinal modes to produce a 25 GHz optical comb for wavelength division multiplexing.
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5,374
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Please write an abstract with title: A new control method of BLDCM based on internal model principle, and key words: Current control, Error correction, DC motors, Brushless DC motors, Steady-state, Stators, Open loop systems, Design methodology, Torque control, Transfer functions. Abstract: Using coordinate transformations techniques are conventional method in brushless DC motor (BLDCM) drives, but it needs more computational resource in coordinate conversions. In this paper, we propose a new control method of BLDCM based on "Internal Model Principle (IMP)". Considering the desired current in driving BLDCM is sinusoidal waveform, it is possible directly using IMP in current control loop. First, we introduce a control strategy based on IMP and verify that the current steady-state error can be completely eliminated. Then the design method of the current controller parameters is discussed. Many interesting simulation results have been obtained.
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5,375
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Please write an abstract with title: Clustering Analysis of Learners’ Watching Sequences on MOOC Videos, and key words: Computer aided instruction, Electronic learning, Education, Data visualization, Encoding, Data models. Abstract: In MOOC community, it is a challenge to analyze online learners’ video watching behaviors based on the MOOC videos’ log data. In this paper, we propose a research model on video watching behaviors of MOOC learners, by encoding the behavior sequences retrieved from the videos’ log data, evaluating the similarity between different online learners, clustering and visualizing the similarity results. To verify our findings, we present a case study on four courses from a popular Chinese MOOC platform. In particular, we divide the learners into 5 different clusters based on the learners’ behavior patterns. The clustering results show that the video watching coverage and completion rate are key attributes that affect the clustering of learners. Besides, the ordering and distribution of the learners’ different activities are also important factors that decide the learning patterns in each cluster. The distribution of learners is also affected by different types of courses in each cluster. Based on the exercise log data in the same MOOC platform, we further calculate average assessment scores in each cluster, which reveal obvious differences across different clusters.
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5,376
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Please write an abstract with title: Machine-Learning Object Detection and Recognition for Surveillance System using YoloV3, and key words: Computer vision, Vehicle detection, Object detection, Machine learning, Video surveillance, Classification algorithms, Information and communication technology. Abstract: Intelligent Video surveillance is one of the most emerging technologies in Computer vision, used for object detection and locating within the video or image. Majority of the research are carried on the Yolo algorithm on vehicle tracking, monitoring vehicles, and medical science. The main objective of this paper is to develop an optimal solution to detect, locate multiple objects such as person and vehicles in a single frame using Kitti dataset. Usually the kitti data set focuses on foreground vehicle detection; in the proposed algorithm it detects person, vehicle and also the background objects. The output obtained for every image includes the information of object such as probability, classification of the object, bonding box, object center (x, y coordinates), height, width using Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) algorithm. The Kitti dataset of 350 images is used and it is observed that classification rate is 80% at 0.3 confidence threshold value over bounding boxes pixel area for vehicle and person detection. This work can be further carried out in detecting and tracking of objects at different weather conditions like rainy, winter and also during night.
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5,377
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Please write an abstract with title: Threshold-Assisted Soft-Output Direct Detection FTN Algorithm for Bandwidth-Limited Systems, and key words: Degradation, Asia, Optics, Optical fiber communication, Computational complexity, Photonics. Abstract: A threshold-assisted soft-output direct detection faster than Nyquist (SO-DD-FTN) is proposed to compensate bandwidth-limitation impairments in 56-Gb/s PAM-4 systems using 10G-class optics. Experimental results show the computational complexity re-duces by 57% without performance degradation. © 2020 The Author(s).
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5,378
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Please write an abstract with title: IoT Based Approach for Load Monitoring and Activity Recognition in Smart Homes, and key words: Home appliances, Monitoring, Sensors, Support vector machines, Smart homes, Load modeling, Smart meters. Abstract: Appliance load monitoring in smart homes has been gaining importance due to its significant advantages in achieving an energy efficient smart grid. The methods to manage such processes can be classified into hardware-based methods, including intrusive load monitoring (ILM) and software-based methods referring to non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). ILM is based on low-end meter devices attached to home appliances in opposition to NILM techniques, where only a single point of sensing is needed. Although ILM solutions can be relatively expensive, they provide higher efficiency and reliability than NILMs. Moreover, future solutions are expected to be hybrid, combining the benefits of NILM along with individual power measurement by smart plugs and smart appliances. This paper proposes a novel ILM approach for load monitoring that aims to develop an activity recognition system based on IoT architecture. The proposed IoT architecture consists of the appliances layer, perception layer, communication network layer, middleware layer, and application layer. The main function of the appliance recognition module is to label sensor data and allow the implementation of different home applications. Three different classifier models are tested using real data from the UK-DALE dataset: feed-forward neural network (FFNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and support vector machine (SVM). The developed activities of daily living (ADL) algorithm maps each ADL to a set of criteria depending on the appliance used. The features are extracted according to the consumption in Watt-hours and the times where they are switched on. In the FFNN and the LSTM networks, the accuracy is above 0.9 while around 0.8 for the SVM network. Other experiments are performed to evaluate the classifier model using a new test set. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out to study the impact of the group size on the classifier accuracy.
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5,379
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Please write an abstract with title: Charged walls in fourfold symmetric, and key words: Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Garnet films, Crystallization, Magnetic anisotropy, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Substrates, Magnetostriction, Saturation magnetization, Convergence, Tracking loops. Abstract: The critical curve is derived for
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5,380
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Please write an abstract with title: Experiences Building and Deploying Wireless Sensor Nodes for the Arctic Tundra, and key words: Temperature measurement, Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Observatories, Climate change, Prototypes, Computer architecture. Abstract: The arctic tundra is most sensitive to climate change. The change can be quantified from observations of the fauna, flora and weather conditions. To do observations at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution, ground-based observation nodes with sensors are needed.However, the arctic tundra is resource-limited with regards to energy, data networks, and humans. There are also regulatory and practical obstacles. Consequently, observation nodes must be small and unobtrusive, have a year or longer operational lifetime from small batteries, and be able to report results and receive software updates over scarce back-haul networks.We describe the architecture, design, and implementation of prototype observation nodes deployed to the arctic tundra for the periods August 2019 to July 2020 and August 2020 to July 2021.For the 2019 deployment, ten nodes were each placed inside ten existing camera traps. A camera trap is a box with a wildlife camera taking pictures of rodents when they enter the box from tunnels under snow and ice. For the 2020 deployment, eight nodes were located pairwise inside four camera traps.Each node measures carbon dioxide level and temperature inside the camera trap during the winter season. A node reports its state and observational data each night over a commercial low power IoT telecom back-haul network, if available.We report on the issues encountered doing actual deployments of the prototype nodes. For each issue, we describe the reason for why it happened, relate it to the architecture, design and implementation, and explain what we did about it.
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5,381
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Please write an abstract with title: 2D Generalization of Fractional Cascading on Axis-aligned Planar Subdivisions, and key words: Data structures, Two dimensional displays, Computational geometry, Three-dimensional displays, Search problems, Data models, Computational modeling. Abstract: Fractional cascading is one of the influential and important techniques in data structures, as it provides a general framework for solving a common important problem: the iterative search problem. In the problem, the input is a graph G with constant degree. Also as input, we are given a set of values for every vertex of G. The goal is to preprocess G such that when we are given a query value q, and a connected subgraph π of G, we can find the predecessor of q in all the sets associated with the vertices of π. The fundamental result of fractional cascading, by Chazelle and Guibas, is that there exists a data structure that uses linear space and it can answer queries in O(log n+|π|) time, at essentially constant time per predecessor [15]. While this technique has received plenty of attention in the past decades, an almost quadratic space lower bound for “two-dimensional fractional cascading” by Chazelle and Liu in STOC 2001 [17] has convinced the researchers that fractional cascading is fundamentally a one-dimensional technique. In two-dimensional fractional cascading, the input includes a planar subdivision for every vertex of G and the query is a point q and a subgraph π and the goal is to locate the cell containing q in all the subdivisions associated with the vertices of π. In this paper, we show that it is actually possible to circumvent the lower bound of Chazelle and Liu for axis-aligned planar subdivisions. We present a number of upper and lower bounds which reveal that in two-dimensions, the problem has a much richer structure. When G is a tree and π is a path, then queries can be answered in O(log n+|π|+ min{|π|√{log n},α(n)√{|π|}log n}) time using linear space where α is an inverse Ackermann function; surprisingly, we show both branches of this bound are tight, up to the inverse Ackermann factor. When G is a general graph or when π is a general subgraph, then the query bound becomes O(log n+|π|√{log n}) and this bound is once again tight in both cases.
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5,382
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Please write an abstract with title: Transient conductivity in wide band-gap solids probed by THz pump-probe measurements, and key words: Sapphire, Photoconductivity, Charge carrier mobility, Ultrafast optics, Submillimeter wave spectroscopy, Charge carrier density. Abstract: Summary form only given. We have investigated sapphire (band-gap E/sub g/ = 8.7 eV) as a prototype crystalline insulator. The laser source for these measurements was an amplified, mode-locked Ti:sapphire system, which provided pulses of 100-fs duration and centered at a wavelength of 810 nm. Charge carriers in sapphire were created through a two-photon absorption process by femtosecond ultraviolet pulses (third harmonic). The pump-induced changes of the material were probed by THz electromagnetic pulses subsequent to the generation of the charge carriers. The THz pulse was generated and detected, respectively, by optical rectification and electro-optic sampling of the Ti:sapphire laser pulses in ZnTe crystals.
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5,383
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Please write an abstract with title: Self-Organizing Service-Oriented Peer Communities, and key words: Peer to peer computing, Topology, Management information systems, Information management, Resource management, Technology management, Appropriate technology, Runtime, Employment, Distributed computing. Abstract: A challenging issue in emerging Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems is the efficient locating appropriate resource within the great amount of available resources. To group peers with similar cooperative services into the same community appears very promising. However, most of the existing P2P systems group peers statically under the assumption of steady topology during runtime. This paper focuses on a method to form community topology by self-organization of peers based on interests for P2P systems. As peers interests change, peers dynamically adjust their configuration and move to the right community gradually. The experiment proves that the employment of selforganization mechanism leads to a flexible as well as scalable community formation technique.
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5,384
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Please write an abstract with title: Image restoration of arbitrarily warped documents, and key words: Image restoration, Shape, Optical distortion, Nonlinear distortion, Optical imaging, Cameras, Image processing, Software libraries, Cultural differences, Image enhancement. Abstract: We present a framework for acquiring and restoring images of warped documents. The purpose of our restoration is to create a planar representation of a once planar document that has undergone an arbitrary and unknown rigid deformation. To accomplish this restoration, our framework acquires and flattens the 3D shape of a warped document to determine a nonlinear image transform that can correct for image distortion caused by the document's shape. Our framework is designed for use in library and museum digitization efforts where very old and badly damaged manuscripts are imaged.
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5,385
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Please write an abstract with title: A /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ fractional-N frequency synthesizer with a multi-band PMOS VCOs for 2.4 and 5GHz WLAN applications, and key words: Frequency synthesizers, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Wireless LAN, Charge pumps, Diodes, Phase noise, Phase frequency detector, Inductors, Varactors, Voltage. Abstract: This paper presents a fully integrated multi-band frequency synthesizer architecture. The synthesizer is a /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ based fractional-N frequency synthesizer with three on-chip LC tuned VCOs to cover the entire frequency bands specified in IEEE802.11b, and 802.11a WLAN standards. The synthesizer includes a /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ shaper, a dead-zone-free phase frequency detector and a fully differential charge pump. The measured in-band phase noise is lower than -93dBc/Hz and the VCO out of band phase noise is -120dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset.
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5,386
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Please write an abstract with title: Prediction of Multiple Molten Iron Quality Indices in the Blast Furnace Ironmaking Process Based on Attention-Wise Deep Transfer Network, and key words: Predictive models, Silicon, Iron, Task analysis, Smelting, Heuristic algorithms, Computational modeling. Abstract: Molten iron quality (MIQ) indices prediction based on data-driven models is an important way to monitor product quality and smelting status in the blast furnace ironmaking process. However, some challenges still place in the MIQ prediction: 1) limited nonlinear and dynamic description capabilities and interpretability of data-driven models; 2) high demand on the number of the labeled samples; and 3) insufficient exploration of the underlying relationship between MIQ indices. In this case, we propose a novel data-driven deep model for the online prediction of MIQ indices. First, we design an attention-wise module to self-learn the nonlinear and dynamic relationship between process variables and prediction targets and enhance interpretability. Then, the minute-level molten iron temperature (MIT) data detected by our previously developed equipment is used to pretrain the attention-wise deep network to obtain the improved weights and reduce dependence on labeled samples. Finally, the pretrained model is extended to a structure with a weight-shared attention-wise module and task-separated prediction networks to explore the relationship between multiple prediction tasks. The effectiveness of the proposed attention-wise deep network is verified in an industrial ironmaking plant, which shows a significant improvement in performance, i.e., high accuracy and interpretability.
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5,387
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Please write an abstract with title: A Robust Layout-Independent License Plate Detection and Recognition Model Based on Attention Method, and key words: Feature extraction, Character recognition, Neural networks, Optical losses, Automobiles, Object detection, Deep learning, License plate recognition. Abstract: Auto License Plate Detection and Recognition (ALPDR) is required in many industrial fields, including visual surveillance systems and vehicle registration control. Even though this field has recently demonstrated high performance according to rapid advances in Deep Learning (DL) based technologies, there are still two problems that most related works have not yet solved. One is layout-dependent and the other is the problem of recognition accuracy degradation due to unconstrained environment conditions. In this paper, we present a more accurate, flexible and layout-independent method to improve LP detection and recognition accuracy under various outdoor conditions. For this, we proposed a new framework with lightweight and efficient anchor-free detection networks, employing the idea of CenterNet and attention-based recognition networks with residual deformable block suitable for LPR tasks. Various experiments demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, using famous LP benchmark datasets such as CCPD, AOLP and VBLPD. The proposed method outperformed the conventional LP detection and recognition methods. Additionally, Korean handicapped parking card (KHPC) data was tested to prove the usefulness of this method for marked character data different to license plates.
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5,388
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Please write an abstract with title: A New Analytical MPPT-Based Induction Motor Drive for Solar PV Water Pumping System With Battery Backup, and key words: Maximum power point trackers, Voltage control, DC motors, Estimation, Batteries, Steady-state, Space vector pulse width modulation. Abstract: In this article, an analytical method is presented to achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for a solar photovoltaic (PV) array-based water pumping system comprising of an induction motor drive (IMD). The gating signals are generated using the space vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) method for three-phase inverter. This analytical MPPT control (AMPPTC) scheme exhibits fast dynamic performance and minimum overshoot with the IMD-based water pumping system. Additionally, the AMPPTC scheme provides absolute steady-state robustness under variations in solar irradiance/parameters that improves the stability of the system under a wide speed range of IMD and makes the system insensitive toward parameter variations. The dc-link voltage regulation is assured by three-phase inverter, and MPPT regulation is achieved by the boost converter. This two-stage PV system, with MPPT controlled boost converter and SVPWM-based three-phase inverter operating the pump, is modeled and simulated in Simulink environment of MATLAB. The performance and robustness of the AMPPTC-based PV water pumping system are corroborated through the laboratory experimentation.
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5,389
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Please write an abstract with title: State set management for SAT-based unbounded model checking, and key words: Data structures, Boolean functions, State-space methods, Circuits, Hardware, Scalability, Robustness, Explosions, Computer bugs. Abstract: In recent years, Boolean satisfiability (SAT) has been shown to hold potential for unbounded model checking (UMC). The success of SAT-based UMC largely relies on (i) the SAT solver efficiency, (it) solution cube enlargement, and (Hi) state-set management. In this paper, we propose a simple, yet efficient, clause conversion technique to account for the state set obtained by SAT-based UMC. Our state set is stored in a zero-suppressed binary decision diagram (ZBDD), and the shared structures in the ZBDD are exploited to aggressively avoid repeated manipulation of common subsets in the state-set. The resulting number of clauses, generated for the state set, now depends on the number of nodes in the ZBDD, rather than the number of solutions found. We integrated the proposed techniques in an unbounded model checking framework that uses a pure SAT solver. The experimental results show that we can attain orders of magnitude improvement in both performance and capacity as compared to the existing techniques.
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5,390
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Please write an abstract with title: Point to Point Communication Link Design by Using Optical DWDM Network, and key words: Q-factor, Optical attenuators, Bandwidth, Optical fiber networks, Wavelength division multiplexing, Adaptive optics, Optical amplifiers. Abstract: Point to point Ethernet link demands high bit rate connection to enable access network delivering high bit rate traffics to backbone networks. Optical dense wavelength division multiplex (DWDM) has been able to provide the requirement. For long range point to point link, system also needs amplifier to strengthen received signal. This paper presents network design to fulfill the need for long range point to point DWDM link. The OptiSystem v.17 is employed to design the 100 km network link by using wavelength of 1555 nm. The designed link has 40 channels and able to work for bandwidth 100 GHz. However, the best bist error rate and Q-Factor are achieved when system work for bandwidth 8 GHz.
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5,391
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance Analysis and Evaluation of Implementing the MVDR Beamformer for the Circular Antenna Array, and key words: Antenna arrays, Linear antenna arrays, Geometry, Antenna radiation patterns, Array signal processing, Interference, Radar antennas. Abstract: In the area of pattern array synthesis, highly-directional radiation pattern guarantees accuracy and resolution, [1], which are accompanied by a drastic reduction in SLL. Pattern synthesis techniques are characterized by the two distinct scenarios; (1) the design of antenna array geometries for steering beampattern in an arbitrary direction in the space, and (2) the implementation of beamforming techniques for steering beampattern in the direction of interest in the space. This study has a major contribution for fully evaluating the performance of implementing the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer for the circular antenna array geometry in comparison with the different linear array geometries. A full and quantitative comparison between the circular antenna array and the different available linear antenna array geometries have been rigorously fulfilled for highlighting differences and advantages of the performance of the circular antenna array geometry over the different linear array antenna geometries using the four following concepts of (1) spatial correlation function (SCF), (2) antenna efficiency, (3) signal to interference ratio (SIR), and (4) propagation time delay.
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5,392
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and implementation of convenient and compulsory voting system using finger print sensor and GSM technologies, and key words: Fingerprint recognition, Fingers, GSM, Authentication, Voting, Servers. Abstract: India is a developing country, where still the electronic voting system is under threat due to the rigging in elections. The future of country is decided mainly by the elections, so the electronic voting machine must be trustworthy. The existing voting system, doesn't have person identification, so that there are chances to misuse the others rights. Fingerprint based authentication for voting is proposed in this paper, which eliminates the misuse in voting. GSM module is incorporated with finger print sensor to collect the data before election. The proposed model is implemented in Arduino for effective authentication and quick process with more flexibility. GSM module is used to transfer the collected information to near by taluk office or district office so that the authorized persons will access the information.
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5,393
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Please write an abstract with title: Leaf Disease Detection using Convolutional Neural Network, and key words: Training, Computational modeling, Food security, Crops, Machine learning, Parallel processing, Big Data. Abstract: The growth of a country is based upon the agricultural as well as its industrial development. In India, the two most commonly used vegetables are tomato and potato. In this article, there is detection of disease in the leaves of the plant so that it is beneficial to both farmers as well as its allied sectors. The importance of leaf disease detection is to ascertain the disease type on the leaves of the plant so that appropriate measures can be taken accordingly. In this, there is the implementation of convolutional neural network to perform this study and get more accurate results. Crop loss can be reduced by diagnosing and controlling plant disease. But early changes are not so much obvious, it fails the farmer to detect it. Too late detection leads our hard work into futile as it cannot be further prevented and cause plant loss which in turn decreases food security. The automated systems provide assistance by speeding up the convergence rate and decreasing the training time. It also promotes the final classification accuracy.
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5,394
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Field Collected Data for a Prototype Photovoltaic System in Nauta, Peru, and key words: Batteries, State of charge, Data acquisition, Water heating, Monitoring, Battery charge measurement, Energy measurement. Abstract: This paper describes the field collected data from a prototype photovoltaic power system at the home of the director of JungleMaster Ministries in Nauta, Peru. The system was designed and installed by a team from George Fox University in the summer of 2017. After almost two years of daily usage, the data was used to analyze the current health and functionality of the installation. Additionally, an unexpected issue with the loads and batteries is discussed, with possible causes and potential solutions.
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5,395
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Please write an abstract with title: CEDRO: an in-switch elephant flows rescheduling scheme for data-centers, and key words: Switches, Pipelines, Mice, Context, Topology, Routing, Process control. Abstract: Data-center topologies interconnect an ever larger number of servers using a high number of alternative paths to provide high bandwidth and a high degree of resiliency. The state-of-the-art routing strategy is based on Equal-cost multipath (ECMP) which employs static hashing mechanism over packet header fields to spread the traffic over multiple paths. Routing the traffic without considering the size of the flows and the utilization of the paths might cause congestion due to the collision of multiple large flows on a same downstream path. We present CEDRO, an in-switch mechanism to detect and reschedule colliding large flows. By exploiting the latest advances in SDN programmable network devices, we offload to the network the detection of both the elephant flows and the path congestion conditions and the rescheduling mechanism. CEDRO is able to promptly cope with path congestion and failures directly from the dataplane, regardless of the availability of the external controller. We implemented CEDRO in an emulated SDN network and tested it against realistic traffic scenarios. Numerical evaluation shows CEDRO is able to improve the average and 95-th percentile of the Flow Completion Time compared to ECMP.
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5,396
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Please write an abstract with title: Behavioral Science and Diversity in Software Engineering, and key words: Software engineering, Meetings. Abstract: The “Practioners' Digest” department in this issue of IEEE Software covers two topics: the behavioral science of software engineering and diversity in software engineering (this issue’s theme) and includes papers from the 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE20), 2019 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME19), 13th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE20), Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement 2020 (ESEM20), and Association for Computing Machinery Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE20). Feedback or suggestions are welcome. In addition, if you try or adopt any of the practices included in this article, please send me and the authors of the paper(s) a note about your experiences.
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5,397
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Please write an abstract with title: Doppler Signature Analysis of Over-The-Horizon Radar Signals with Target Altitude Perturbation, and key words: Chirp, Perturbation methods, Simulation, Conferences, Estimation, Dynamic scheduling, Frequency estimation. Abstract: In this paper, we examine the Doppler signatures of local-multipath signals in over-the-horizon radar for a target that moves with a constant horizontal velocity but experiences altitude perturbation. In practice, the target altitude may deviate from its scheduled altitude due to, e.g., flight dynamics. After describing the Doppler signatures for a target that maintains a constant altitude without perturbation, we develop the mathematical framework for target Doppler signature analysis that includes target altitude perturbations. It is observed that altitude variations result in spreading of Doppler frequencies, and the bias is associated with the average target altitude. It is observed that, for mild target altitude perturbations, existing analysis methods remain effective for local-multipath Doppler frequency estimation. The Doppler frequency estimation capability and performance are verified using simulation results.
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5,398
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Please write an abstract with title: Energy Harvesting For IoT Applications, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Energy resources, Voltage, Batteries, Internet of Things, Energy harvesting, Feeds. Abstract: Irrefutably, most of the IoT devices are energized through batteries. Owing to the restricted operating life of batteries, this is the need of hour to have IoT device which can get the power from device itself or there should be some alternative energy source which can continuously feed power to the IoT devices. As an alternative source, various energy harvesters are being used to power up the ample of IoT devices. Energy harvesters utilize some renewable resource of energy to produce the desired amount of DC output voltage to further feed to IoT devices. Therefore, the significance of energy harvesters for IoT applications is presented in this article. Starting with the demand of energy harvesters and their design, this article also presents the comparison and requirements of various energy harvesting systems for applications in IoT devices.
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5,399
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Please write an abstract with title: 2004 Index, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Power system modeling, Circuits and systems, Navigation, Robot control, Chemical processes, Very large scale integration, CMOS logic circuits, Circuit noise. Abstract: This index covers all technical items - papers, correspondence, reviews, etc. - that appeared in this periodical during the year, and items from previous years that were commented upon or corrected in this year. Departments and other items may also be covered if they have been judged to have archival value. The Author Index contains the primary entry for each item, listed under the first author's name. The primary entry includes the co-authors' names, the title of the paper or other item, and its location, specified by the publication abbreviation, year, month, and inclusive pagination. The Subject Index contains entries describing the item under all appropriate subject headings, plus the first author's name, the publication abbreviation, month, and year, and inclusive pages. Note that the item title is found only under he primary entry in the Author Index.
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