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5,900 | Please write an abstract with title: On the measurement of quantization noise in digital filters, and key words: Noise measurement, Quantization, Digital filters, Nonlinear filters, Chromium, Limit-cycles, Nonlinear distortion, Linear systems, Noise reduction, Stochastic resonance. Abstract: Quantization noise in digital filters caused by magnitude truncationi exhibits a rather strong correlation with the main signal. Therefore, such noise signals are appropriately considered as sums of completely correlated and completely uncorrelated components. The first component can be interpreted as a slight change of the linear transmission characteristic of the filter whereas the second part reflects the genuinely nonlinear properties induced by quantization. Results of measurements are given; these show that the latter part accounts for a relatively small percentage of the total noise. The separation of noise components also applies to controlled rounding which is shown to be reducible to magnitude truncation. |
5,901 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Stabilizing Control by Output-Feedback for a Class of Single-Link Robot System, and key words: Adaptive systems, Backstepping, Uncertainty, Mechatronics, Simulation, Observers, Regulation. Abstract: In this paper, the problem of global adaptive stabilization by output feedback for a family of single-link robot systems is investigated with unknown system parameters but known upper and lower bounds of inertia. To handle this problem, a controller based on high-gain observer is constructed by using backstepping technique and idea of universal control. The global regulation of robot system and global boundedness of the closed-loop system can be achieved by the designed high-gain observer-based controller respectively. The simulation results show the proposed control method is effective. |
5,902 | Please write an abstract with title: Sentiment Analysis of Kaspi Product Reviews, and key words: Sentiment analysis, Text analysis, Companies, Data collection, Classification algorithms, Consumer electronics. Abstract: Customer reviews are the key to the successful functionality of the companies. A producer will gain the true result of his products from the customer feedback. What should the seller do to achieve good quality for his product? Just by looking at the stars and reading the usual text, the seller will not be able to improve their product well enough, because different people can understand the same text in different ways. That’s why the seller can improve the wrong part of their product and make their product worse. Sentimental analysis can be applied here. He can make necessary changes to his product according to the feedback. However, it is common to see when the most clients may inadequately overestimate or underestimate the mark. To avoid confusion, it is better to analyze the text. This paper focuses on the sentiment feedback analysis and finding the relationship between reviews and ratings based on data collected from the “Kaspi.kz” marketplace. These data streams are cleaned, analyzed and reviews are got through opinion mining. After we performed data augmentation. We used several algorithms on both data to find the best one. |
5,903 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection of and compensation for shadows in colored urban aerial images, and key words: Lighting, Geometry, Photometry, Casting, Optical reflection, Urban areas, Educational institutions, Object detection, Object recognition, Layout. Abstract: A new method for shadow detection in colored urban aerial images is proposed. First, a new imaging model of shadows is presented, which indicates that hue values of shadowed image areas are larger than those of these areas non-shadowed. Based on this model, a thresholding technique is employed to detect shadowed areas. After detection, the Retinex technique is applied to shadowed and non-shadowed areas individually to compensate for shadows. Experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
5,904 | Please write an abstract with title: Compensation for changes in AC voltage at the building terminals using a hybrid transformer, and key words: Energy loss, Voltage measurement, Phase measurement, Buildings, Switches, Prediction algorithms, Power grids. Abstract: The article discusses the model predictive control of a hybrid transformer (HT) with matrix converter (MC) together with the algorithm of turn-on and turn-off the compensator when it working with the power grid with small voltage changes from nominal values. The proposed solution of HT is used to resolve power quality issues and power flow control in the electrical power distribution system and can be mounted on the connection terminals of buildings. The advantages of predictive control are its very simple realization and possibility to optimize various predefined criteria. However, the proposed algorithm based on the measurement of rms phase voltage values allows for effective management of compensator operation. The operation of both algorithms has been verified in simulation studies. |
5,905 | Please write an abstract with title: Quality Improvement and Management, and key words: Quality control, Productivity, Process control, Tools, Costs, Companies, Vaccines. Abstract: The quality of the final product depends on how the process to be used is designed and executed. Statistical quality control is a set of statistical tools used to monitor, control, and improve process performance. These essential tools are: statistical process control, acceptance sampling plans, and design of experiments. The customer or consumer plays a very important role in achieving quality, for it is the customer who defines the quality of the product. In the 1960s and 1970s, American companies continued to dominate in productivity, mainly by increasing their workforce. Quality control helps an organization to create products that, simply put, are of better quality. Continuous quality improvement makes operators, engineers, and supervisors more focused on customer requirements, and consequently, they are less likely to make any “mistakes.” Managing quality improvement requires accountability, daily defect analysis, preventive measures, data‐driven quality, teamwork, training, and optimizing process variables. |
5,906 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-fragile consensus for uncertain fractional-order nonlinear multi-agent systems with state time delay, and key words: Uncertainty, Delay effects, Control systems, Delays, Linear matrix inequalities, Consensus protocol, Multi-agent systems. Abstract: The problem of non-fragile consensus for nonlinear fractional-order multi-agent systems (FOMAS) with state time delay is investigated in this paper. The structured uncertainties occur in both the plant and the controller. By using the linear matrix inequality approach and the fractional-order Razumikhin theorem, a delay- and order-dependent consensus protocol is obtained. The proposed results can be applied to linear FOMASs, and the proposed analysis can be extended to different kinds of consensus problems for various FOMAS. |
5,907 | Please write an abstract with title: Electric Field Engineering to Extend Capability of NLDMOS from 70V to 90V Without Added Cost, and key words: Integrated circuits, Costs, Electric breakdown, Silicon-on-insulator, Implants, Switches, Logic gates. Abstract: In a given multipurpose BCD technology, the device implants are set by the main workhorse devices. Typically, doping levels are determined by optimizing Rsp and other key properties of the main devices, often settling with optimized Rsp-Bvdss trade-off. In some cases, HV applications (in particular automotive) require devices with higher Bvdss (breakdown) e.g. for level shifting to floating domains, switching external HV signals, protecting the IC against overstress, etc. This requires boosting the Bvdss of a given technology without adding cost or additional process steps. Moreover, the device architecture needs to be portable across many flavors of the core process, including e.g. SOI (Silicon On Insulator) version. This work outlines an architecture that increases operating voltage of NLDMOS device from 70V to 90V by electric field engineering. The proposed solution doesn’t require new layers and is portable to other technologies. |
5,908 | Please write an abstract with title: On Exact Distribution of Poisson-Voronoi Area in K-Tier HetNets With Generalized Association Rule, and key words: Distribution functions, Fading channels, Cellular networks, Closed-form solutions, Random variables, Density functional theory, Base stations. Abstract: This letter characterizes the exact distribution function of a typical Voronoi area in a K-tier Poisson network. The users obey a generalized association (GA) rule, which is a superset of nearest base station association and maximum received power based association (with arbitrary fading) rules that are commonly adopted in the literature. Combining the Robbins' theorem and the probability generating functional of a Poisson point process, we obtain the exact moments of a typical k-th tier Voronoi area, k ∈ {1, . . . , K} under the GA rule. We apply this result in several special cases. For example, we prove that in multi-tier networks with the GA rule, the mean of kth tier Voronoi area can exactly be expressed in a closedform. We also obtain simplified expressions of its higher-order moments for both average and instantaneous received power based user association. In single-tier networks with exponential fading, the later association rule provides closed-form expression of the second-order moment of a typical Voronoi area. We numerically evaluate this exact expression and compare it with an approximated result. |
5,909 | Please write an abstract with title: Intensity-based 2-D - 3-D registration of cerebral angiograms, and key words: X-ray imaging, Imaging phantoms, Image segmentation, Magnetic resonance, Angiography, Registers, Computed tomography, Image reconstruction, Radiography, Testing. Abstract: We propose a new method for aligning three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with 2-D X-ray digital subtraction angiograms (DSA). Our method is developed from our algorithm to register computed tomography volumes to X-ray images based on intensity matching of digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs). To make the DSA and DRR more similar, we transform the MRA images to images of the vasculature and set to zero the contralateral side of the MRA to that imaged with DSA. We initialize the search for a match on a user defined circular region of interest. We have tested six similarity measures using both unsegmented MRA and three segmentation variants of the MRA. Registrations were carried out on images of a physical neuro-vascular phantom and images obtained during four neuro-vascular interventions. The most accurate and robust registrations were obtained using the pattern intensity, gradient difference, and gradient correlation similarity measures, when used in conjunction with the most sophisticated MRA segmentations. Using these measures, 95% of the phantom start positions and 82% of the clinical start positions were successfully registered. The lowest root mean square reprojection errors were 1.3 mm (standard deviation 0.6) for the phantom and 1.5 mm (standard deviation 0.9) for the clinical data sets. Finally, we present a novel method for the comparison of similarity measure performance using a technique borrowed from receiver operator characteristic analysis. |
5,910 | Please write an abstract with title: Integration of 10 Gb/sec silicon lateral trench photodetector with high-performance CMOS, and key words: Silicon, Photodetectors, CMOS technology, Fingers, Voltage, CMOS process, Microelectronics, Photodiodes, Capacitance, Delay. Abstract: In this paper,we demonstrate the integration of optimized LTDs with 0.13/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Excellent characteristics were achieved for both the photodiodes and the CMOS transistors. 10Gb/s operation was demonstrated at a supply voltage of only 1.5V. |
5,911 | Please write an abstract with title: A Study on the Relationship between Digital Citizenship and Information Literacy among Middle School Students, and key words: Ethics, Face recognition, Government, Entertainment industry, Resists, Internet, Regression analysis. Abstract: The paper aims to analyze the relationship between the three dimensions of digital citizenship (respect yourself/respect others; educate yourself/connect with others; protect yourself/protect others) and the three dimensions of information literacy (Students' use of ICT applications; Students' school-related IeT use; Students' KT self-efficacy, interest, and enjoyment). This article takes 205 middle school students as the research object, collects data through questionnaire surveys, and uses SPSS to conduct correlation analysis and regression analysis on the digital citizenship and information literacy of middle school students. According to the research results, the digital citizenship of middle school students is better on the whole, and their performance in respecting yourself /respecting others is relatively outstanding, while their information literacy is relatively neutral. the three dimensions of digital citizenship are significantly correlated with the three dimensions of information literacy among middle school students, their digital citizenship can significantly predict information literacy. Finally, various strategies are proposed to enhance the information literacy of middle school students. |
5,912 | Please write an abstract with title: An adaptable connectionist text retrieval system with relevance feedback, and key words: Databases, Neural networks, State feedback, Learning systems, Information retrieval, Neurofeedback, Large-scale systems, Application software, Testing, Feedforward systems. Abstract: This paper introduces a new connectionist network for large-scale text retrieval applications. A learning mechanism is proposed to optimally map the original query using relevance feedback from multiple expert users. The query mapping not only meets the requirements of the expert users but also preserves the positions and ranks of other relevant documents. An updating algorithm is also proposed to incorporate new documents (or delete the obsolete ones) into the system either one-by-one or in a batch mode without requiring to retrain the system. The algorithms are successfully tested on a large database and for a large number of most commonly used single-term or multi-terms queries. |
5,913 | Please write an abstract with title: Making Decisions in Intelligent Video Surveillance Systems Based on Modeling the Pupillary Response of a Person, and key words: Computational modeling, Visual analytics, Video surveillance, Cameras, Optical imaging, Stability analysis, Calibration. Abstract: The prospects for using artificial intelligence in video analytics are becoming more and more undeniable. Researchers are actively working on methods for making decisions based on the results of automated analysis of the sequence of images received from video cameras. The purpose of our study was to develop a method for decision-making based on modeling a person's pupillary response to an information stimulus. A ZWO ASI120MC digital video camera was used for research. The studies carried out made it possible to reliably establish that the state of the optical system of the eye when viewing the calibration slide comes to a physical state common to all people. This made it possible to systematize the pupillograms, referring them to one of two categories (stress state is / is not). Having determined an individual threshold value during calibration, it becomes possible to quickly classify a person's emotional response to the received information impulse. Based on the developed methodology for systematizing the pupillary reaction to an information stimulus by categories, a decision tree for intelligent video surveillance systems was built. In addition to the size of the pupils, the algorithm takes into account the parameters of gaze fixation on stimulus images, the stability of the illumination of the surface of the pupils. |
5,914 | Please write an abstract with title: High Confidence Attribute Recognition For Vehicle Re-Identification, and key words: Image recognition, Conferences, Feature extraction, Cameras, Videos. Abstract: Vehicle re-identification aims to associate images or videos of the same vehicle collected from different cameras. Many existing methods address the vehicle re-identification problem by explicitly learning distinguishable global features. However, vehicle attributes, i.e., logo category and orientation, play an indispensable role in identifying vehicles. In this paper, we first propose deep models to recognize vehicle attributes. Then, based on these attributes, we adopt a High Confidence Attribute Network (HCANet) to extract weighted global features. A comprehensive evaluation on the VehicleID dataset shows that our approach achieves competitive results. |
5,915 | Please write an abstract with title: Colour Compression of Plenoptic Point Clouds Using Raht-Klt with Prior Colour Clustering and Specular/Diffuse Component Separation, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Rate-distortion, Color, Signal processing, Encoding, Light fields, Speech processing. Abstract: The recently introduced plenoptic point cloud representation marries a 3D point cloud with a light field. Instead of each point being associated with a single colour value, there can be multiple values to represent the colour at that point as perceived from different viewpoints. This representation was introduced together with a compression technique for the multi-view colour vectors, which is an extension of the RAHT method for point cloud attribute coding. In the current paper, we demonstrate that the best-proposed RAHT extension, RAHT-KLT, can be improved by performing a prior subdivision of the plenoptic point cloud into clusters based on similar colour values, followed by a separation of each cluster into specular and diffuse components, and coding each component separately with RAHT-KLT. Our proposed improvements are shown to achieve better rate-distortion results than the original RAHT-KLT method. |
5,916 | Please write an abstract with title: A Framework for Project Risk Assessment in Telehealth, and key words: High performance computing, Organizations, Internet of Medical Things, Computer architecture, Risk management, Information technology, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: This paper describes a practical application of risk assessment in a project involving governance and compliance of Artificial Intelligence and Internet-of-Things solutions in healthcare. The proposed methodology consists of five steps applied to the high performance computing platform used for managing Internet of Medical Things technologies. We describe the architecture of the tool as well as assets, dimensions, and levels of investigation. The main points of interest are discussed. The use case demonstrates the effectiveness of an Information Technology risk assessment process in healthcare organization management. |
5,917 | Please write an abstract with title: Bidirectional Graph Reasoning Network for Panoptic Segmentation, and key words: Image segmentation, Semantics, Cognition, Task analysis, Feature extraction, Visualization, Proposals. Abstract: Recent researches on panoptic segmentation resort to a single end-to-end network to combine the tasks of instance segmentation and semantic segmentation. However, prior models only unified the two related tasks at the architectural level via a multi-branch scheme or revealed the underlying correlation between them by unidirectional feature fusion, which disregards the explicit semantic and co-occurrence relations among objects and background. Inspired by the fact that context information is critical to recognize and localize the objects, and inclusive object details are significant to parse the background scene, we thus investigate on explicitly modeling the correlations between object and background to achieve a holistic understanding of an image in the panoptic segmentation task. We introduce a Bidirectional Graph Reasoning Network (BGRNet), which incorporates graph structure into the conventional panoptic segmentation network to mine the intra-modular and inter-modular relations within and between foreground things and background stuff classes. In particular, BGRNet first constructs image-specific graphs in both instance and semantic segmentation branches that enable flexible reasoning at the proposal level and class level, respectively. To establish the correlations between separate branches and fully leverage the complementary relations between things and stuff, we propose a Bidirectional Graph Connection Module to diffuse information across branches in a learnable fashion. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our BGRNet that achieves the new state-of-the-art performance on challenging COCO and ADE20K panoptic segmentation benchmarks. |
5,918 | Please write an abstract with title: Early detection of DDoS based on <tex>$\varphi$</tex>-entropy in SDN networks, and key words: Entropy, IP networks, Denial-of-service attack, Computer crime, Switches, Microsoft Windows. Abstract: Software defined network (SDN) is an emerging network architecture. Its control logic and forwarding logic are separated. SDN has the characteristics of centralized management, which makes it easier for malicious attackers to use the security vulnerabilities of SDN networks to implement distributed denial Service (DDoS) attack. Information entropy is a kind of lightweight DDoS early detection method. This paper proposes a DDoS attack detection method in SDN networks based on φ-entropy. φ-entropy can adjust related parameters according to network conditions and enlarge feature differences between normal and abnormal traffic, which can make it easier to detect attacks in the early stages of DDoS traffic formation. Firstly, this article demonstrates the basic properties of φ-entropy, mathematically illustrates the feasibility of φ-entropy in DDoS detection, and then we use Mini-net to conduct simulation experiments to compare the detection effects of DDoS with Shannon entropy. |
5,919 | Please write an abstract with title: Genome Sequence Alignment - Design Space Exploration for Optimal Performance and Energy Architectures, and key words: Sequential analysis, Bioinformatics, Genomics, Bandwidth, Three-dimensional displays, Data centers, Field programmable gate arrays. Abstract: Next generation workloads, such as genome sequencing, have an astounding impact in the healthcare sector. Sequence alignment, the first step in genome sequencing, has experienced recent breakthroughs, which resulted in next generation sequencing (NGS). As NGS applications are memory bounded with random memory access patterns, we propose the use of high bandwidth memories like 3D stacked HBM2, instead of traditional DRAMs like DDR4, along with energy efficient compute cores to improve both performance and energy efficiency. Three state-of-the-art NGS applications, Bowtie2, BWA-MEM, and HISAT2 are used as case studies to explore and optimize NGS computing architectures. Then, using the gem5-X architectural simulator, we obtain an overall 68 percent performance improvement and 71 percent energy savings using HBM2 instead of DDR4. Furthermore, we propose an architecture based on ARMv8 cores and demonstrate that 16 ARMv8 64-bit OoO cores with HBM2 outperforms 32-cores of Intel Xeon Phi Knights Landing (KNL) processor with 3D stacked memory. Moreover, we show that by using frequency scaling we can achieve up to 59 percent and 61 percent energy savings for ARM in-order and OoO cores, respectively. Lastly, we show that many ARMv8 in-order cores at 1.5GHz match the performance of fewer OoO cores at 2GHz, while attaining 4.5x energy savings. |
5,920 | Please write an abstract with title: Bipartite Output Consensus for Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems via Output Regulation Approach, and key words: Topology, Multi-agent systems, Protocols, Australia, State feedback, Output feedback. Abstract: This brief deals with the bipartite output consensus problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems (MASs) under antagonistic interactions. Two distributed controllers with state feedback control and output feedback control are designed, respectively. By virtue of the Lyapunov theory and the output regulation technique, it is proved that bipartite output consensus for heterogeneous MASs can be guaranteed under structurally balanced graph. Numerical examples are finally provided for demonstration of the validity of the derived results. |
5,921 | Please write an abstract with title: Quintic spline based computational scheme for singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problems, and key words: Spline, Computer science, Mathematics, Computer errors, Estimation theory, Computational efficiency, Fluid dynamics, Chemical engineering, Navier-Stokes equations, Books. Abstract: In this article, we propose a fourth-order difference scheme using quintic spline for singularly perturbed convection-diffusion Dirichlet boundary-value problems. Theoretical error estimates are derived for the method. Computational efficiency and accuracy are verified through numerical examples. |
5,922 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimation of default probability by three-factor structural model, and key words: Stochastic processes, Loss measurement, Economic indicators, Banking, Physics, Time measurement, Bonding, Cost accounting. Abstract: This paper develops a three-factor structural model for estimating probability of default. The model incorporates the stochastic asset value of a corporate, liability and risk-free interest rate with time-dependent model parameters. A corporate defaults when its leverage ratio increases above a predefined default-triggering level. Using average market data for corporates with different external credit ratings, the three-factor model is capable of producing the term structures of probability of default for rated corporates, that are broadly matched with the average default rates of the corresponding ratings reported by Standard & Poor's. The three-factor model can be applied to the estimation of probability of default under the internal ratings-based approach proposed in the New Basel Capital Accord. |
5,923 | Please write an abstract with title: An on-line technique for monitoring the insulation condition of AC machine stator windings, and key words: Condition monitoring, Insulation, AC machines, Stator windings, Current measurement, Phase measurement, Leakage current, Degradation, Protection, Capacitance. Abstract: A novel on-line technique for monitoring the insulation condition of AC machine stator windings is proposed in this paper. The concept is to measure the differential leakage currents of each phase winding from the terminal box in a non-invasive manner to assess the insulation condition during motor operation. The conventional differential CTs used for phase fault protection can be replaced with high performance current sensors to measure the leakage current with higher accuracy. Indicators for insulation condition such as the capacitance and dissipation factor are calculated based on the measurements to provide a low cost solution for on-line insulation condition assessment. A simplified on-line insulation system model is derived for analysis and interpretation of the measured data. Experimental results on a 15 hp induction motor under simulated insulation degradation conditions show that the proposed technique is a very sensitive method capable of detecting incipient signs of insulation degradation. |
5,924 | Please write an abstract with title: Hysteresis Modeling in MR Dampers, and key words: Actuators, Fluids, Magnetomechanical effects, External stimuli, Ferromagnetic materials, Magnetic hysteresis, Shock absorbers. Abstract: Magnetorheological dampers are known to exhibit non-linear hysteretic behaviour. The source of the mechanism is due to the compressible nature of the fluid as well as the magnetic hysteresis of the ferromagnetic materials constituting the control circuit of the actuator. In this study the authors reveal a lumped parameter model of the actuator based on the familiar Jiles-Atherthon hysteretic operator. In the paper the performance of the model is compared against a finite-element axi-symmetric model of the MR actuator subjected to a range of external stimuli. |
5,925 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Computer Network Information Security Problems and Prevention Based on Wireless Sensor Network, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Information security, Market research, Computer networks, Stability analysis, Real-time systems, Encryption. Abstract: With the continuous improvement of China's scientific and technological level, computer network has become an indispensable part of people's daily life. It can not only effectively improve the efficiency of production and life, and shorten the distance between people, but also further promote the speed of China's social and economic development, which has a positive impact on the realization of China's modernization. Under the new information security demand environment at present, we should pay attention to the related information security work and formulate effective security measures and strategies. In order to effectively prevent these information security problems, people should actively adopt firewall technology, encryption technology, network access control technology and network virus prevention technology for effective protection. This paper analyzes the security problems in the application of wireless sensor networks and explores the mechanism of defending information security, hoping to strengthen the security and stability of wireless sensor networks through effective measures, so that people can better enjoy the convenience brought by the network age. |
5,926 | Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication of Automated Knuckle Torque Testing Machine using PLC, and key words: Industries, Suspensions (mechanical systems), Torque, Simulation, Stacking, Production, Information processing. Abstract: Steering knuckle is an essential part of the vehicle which connects with directing, suspension and brake to body of vehicle and it also undergo diverse stacking under distinctive conditions. Torque is one of the most important things that affect the life of the Knuckle. So, they are tested in the industry for quality checking purposes but in conventional method the torque was tested by humans using the torque testing tools. By implementing this solution the torque testing time can reduced and huge quantity of Knuckles can be evaluated sequentially. In this paper, PLC is used for proper function in the industry Environment for its ruggedness and does not stop for any reason from its working process without Human interaction. By implementing this machine human errors can be reduced and machines only requires periodic checking for the proper functioning. |
5,927 | Please write an abstract with title: New type of matching layer for air-coupled ultrasonic transducers, and key words: Ultrasonic transducers, Surface impedance, Polymer films, Acoustic transducers, Impedance matching, Reflectivity, Surface acoustic waves, Boundary conditions, Gain, Polyethylene. Abstract: This paper presents a new concept in the design of an impedance matching structure for air coupled ultrasonic transducers. A reflective layer structure is inserted between the transducer and propagation medium with a small air space. Adjusting the air space and the reflectivity of the inserted structure causes the transducer impedance to match with the impedance of the propagation medium. Two such structures were investigated as a reflector: a polymer thin film and a thick plate with many holes. Wave impedance theory was applied to these reflecting structures, and the impedance of a thin film layer at the incident surface was calculated using boundary conditions. Impedance of holed plate is calculated in a similar fashion. It was found that the calculated impedance of these structures approximately matched the impedance of the PZT air transducer (40 KHz). The acoustic pressure output was maximized by adjusting the position of the matching structure. A theoretical gain of up to 10 dB in the acoustic pressure was predicted under ideal circumstances, and the experimental observations showed a gain of 9.5 dB in the acoustic pressure for a 12 /spl mu/m polyethylene film placed at a distance of /spl sim/0.1 mm from the transducer's surface. The increase was 9.8 dB for a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film and 9.7 dB for a 1.5 mm printed circuit board with many holes at a distance of /spl sim/25 /spl mu/m from the transducer's surface. |
5,928 | Please write an abstract with title: Visual-Semantic Matching by Exploring High-Order Attention and Distraction, and key words: Semantics, Visualization, Task analysis, Computational modeling, Computer vision, Image edge detection, Proposals. Abstract: Cross-modality semantic matching is a vital task in computer vision and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Existing methods mainly explore object-based alignment between image objects and text words. In this work, we address this task from two previously-ignored aspects: high-order semantic information (e.g., object-predicate-subject triplet, object-attribute pair) and visual distraction (i.e., despite the high relevance to textual query, images may also contain many prominent distracting objects or visual relations). Specifically, we build scene graphs for both visual and textual modalities. Our technical contributions are two-folds: firstly, we formulate the visual-semantic matching task as an attention-driven cross-modality scene graph matching problem. Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are used to extract high-order information from two scene graphs. A novel cross-graph attention mechanism is proposed to contextually reweigh graph elements and calculate the inter-graph similarity; Secondly, some top-ranked samples are indeed false matching due to the co-occurrence of both highly-relevant and distracting information. We devise an information-theoretic measure for estimating semantic distraction and re-ranking the initial retrieval results. Comprehensive experiments and ablation studies on two large public datasets (MS-COCO and Flickr30K) demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method and the effectiveness of both high-order attention and distraction. |
5,929 | Please write an abstract with title: A service risk-management approach to capacity protection in optical networks, and key words: Protection, Intelligent networks, Optical fiber networks, Risk management, Investments, Capacity planning, Technology management, Engineering management, Optical sensors, Telecommunication traffic. Abstract: We introduce a probabilistic framework, based on service risk mitigation and disruption management, for the problem of capacity protection in optical networks. This contrasts the established deterministic approach of designing the protection network to guarantee no service disruption for up to M failures. We present the novel problem formulation and establish a framework for optimal network design in this extended abstract, while leaving the detailed optimization results and algorithms for the full paper (N. Bambos et al., 2003). |
5,930 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Performance of Uplink ISAC Systems, and key words: Sensors, Radar, Copper, Signal to noise ratio, Uplink, Receiving antennas, Measurement. Abstract: This letter analyzes the performance of uplink integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) systems where communication users (CUs) and radar targets (RTs) share the same frequency band. A non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) protocol is adopted in the communication procedure of the ISAC system. Novel expressions are derived to characterize the outage probability, ergodic communication rate, and sensing rate. Besides, the diversity order and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) slope are unveiled to gain further insights. It is found that when achieving the same communication rate, the ISAC system enjoys a higher sensing rate than the conventional frequency-division sensing and communications (FDSAC) system where CUs and RTs share isolated bands. All the results are validated by numerical simulations and are in excellent agreement. |
5,931 | Please write an abstract with title: Unsupervised Object-aware Learning from Videos, and key words: Videos, Visualization, Unsupervised learning, Neural networks, Training, Detection algorithms, Computer vision. Abstract: We consider a novel unsupervised learning setup in which training examples are grouped into small bundles that preserve an identity of an object. Such setup may practically arise when we are able to detect moving objects in videos without being able to classify their identity. Our approach is based on a construction of a similarity graph of bundles from which we are able to recover the identities of objects by applying a community detection algorithm. Finally, we train Siamese Neural Network to discriminate examples from different components and show that thus acquired representations produce well-separated clusters. Part of our contribution is also a unique dataset we assembled in order to test the presented idea. |
5,932 | Please write an abstract with title: An optimized multiple access control protocol for a 'little LEO' satellite store-and-forward global data network, and key words: Access control, Access protocols, Low earth orbit satellites, Satellite broadcasting, Telecommunication traffic, Data engineering, Communication system traffic control, Traffic control, Performance analysis, Analytical models. Abstract: The reservation method used in a TD-SRMA protocol determines the protocol's efficiency. The typical reservation methods proposed are SALOHA and VCR-SALOHA (varying calling rate SALOHA). SALOHA is relatively simple to realize but it cannot adapt well to the dynamic traffic pattern in a 'little LEO' satellite network. VCR-SAOHA can better adapt the dynamic traffic, but its highest efficiency on average is still 0.38. To improve the reservation efficiency, a new reservation method, AP-SALOHA (adaptive polling and SALOHA), is proposed. In AP-SALOHA, polling is used for the stations, which have high probability to upload a message, and SALOHA is used for the stations, which have low probability to upload messages. Different from SALOHA and VCR-SALOHA, the length of a reservation period in AP-SALOHA varies according to the network traffic. Analysis and simulation show that AP-SALOHA provides better throughput performance. About 19% improvement over VCR-SALOHA can be achieved. |
5,933 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Stochastic Generation/Load Variations on Distributed Optimal Energy Management in DC Microgrids for Transportation Electrification, and key words: Limiting, Power system management, Measurement uncertainty, Transportation, Microgrids, Load management, Noise measurement. Abstract: This paper studies the impact of stochastic load variations on distributed optimal power management problems in cyber-physical DC microgrids (MGs) for transportation electrification. Without load variations, the distributed optimization strategies developed in our earlier work can achieve convergence to global optimal solutions in a multi-objective optimization that balances fair load allocation, loss reduction, and quality enhancement of voltage. Under persistent stochastic load variations, this paper develops distributed optimal strategies to track time-varying loads under noisy observations. Convergence properties and optimality errors are established under persistent load variations and measurement noises. The limiting behavior of the optimality errors reflects fundamental impact of the selection of the step size that must be balanced between attenuation of observation noises and tracking of the load changes. Optimality condition and algorithms for an optimal step size are derived to guide step size selection in practical applications. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and validate the theoretical results. |
5,934 | Please write an abstract with title: Designing Interactive Systems for Seniors: An Educational Experience, and key words: Interactive systems, Aging, Planning, Proposals. Abstract: This paper describes the results of a three years educational design experience targeted at collecting seniors' needs and wishes and to identify some possible answers through the proposal of a set of conceptual projects. The interaction design experience involved more than 150 undergraduate students who interviewed about 60 seniors aged 70 or more and then worked on their proposals. This paper reports the most interesting conceptual projects, organized by topic and complemented by observations about the challenges faced by the young designers, with the final goal of sharing them for inspiring further design and development. |
5,935 | Please write an abstract with title: Model-based Optimization of SEPIC DC-DC Converter, and key words: Training, Design methodology, DC-DC power converters, Power electronics, Mathematical models, Steady-state, Information and communication technology. Abstract: The manuscript presents the application of an approach to improve the dynamics of power electronic devices, based on the optimization of the transient process. This approach is realized by using a mathematical model of the converter and a reference curve for the output voltage. In this way, using the initial values of the circuit elements and setting the limits of their change, new ones are determined, through which an aperiodic transient process with a minimum duration is achieved. Thus, better qualities of power electronic devices are achieved not only through optimal synthesis of control, but also by using optimal design of the power circuit itself. The proposed approach is suitable not only for the purposes of training in power electronics, but also for the needs of development and design activities. |
5,936 | Please write an abstract with title: ACHS Optimizations on 3D Interconnect Arrangements, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Circuits and systems, Wires, Crosstalk, Integrated circuit interconnections, Interconnected systems, Nonhomogeneous media. Abstract: The Asymmetric Crosstalk Harnessed Signaling (ACHS) scheme [1]–[4] provides a significant improvement to the original Crosstalk Harnessed Signaling (CHS) technique [5]. This paper presents a study of design optimizations applied on 3D multilayer interconnect arrangements [2] [3] [6], in which alterations on the encoding matrices or the distribution of wires in the channel translate into a modification of the bit encoding regions and their associated performances. While ACHS has been presented as a vastly superior signaling option than the originally proposed CHS due to the elimination of the highly sensitive common encoding eigenmode [1], further encoding optimizations on the critical (worst performing) data bits and the strobe inside the ACHS implementation can further improve the bus performance. This work presents a full set of performance comparisons involving data and strobe bits, on a ACHS-encoded bus with channels adjacently routed in 3- and 4-layer 3D interconnect arrangements. |
5,937 | Please write an abstract with title: Point-source suppression for atmospheric wave extraction from airglow imaging measurements, and key words: Atmospheric waves, Atmospheric measurements, Pollution measurement, Atmosphere, Gravity, Data mining, Optical imaging, Contamination, Infrared detectors, Image edge detection. Abstract: Spectroscopic images of atmospheric chemiluminescent airglow contain fundamental diagnostic information about the structure and dynamics of the upper atmosphere. However, westward movement of stars causes non-negligible contamination in the two-dimensional horizontal wavenumber spectra extracted from all-sky airglow images. The conventional star-removing scheme is not effective in attenuating the star artifacts in the spectra of emission intensities of gravity wave perturbation, hindering the subsequent calculation of the angular spectra and the momentum fluxes of the profiles. To address this problem, a gradient-based edge detection algorithm for locating and attenuating the undesired star signal is developed. Comparatively, this algorithm is more effective than the conventional star-removing methods. The algorithm is validated in the context of experimentally obtained spectra. |
5,938 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and experience with thyristor controlled and thyristor protected series capacitors, and key words: Thyristors, Power capacitors, Power system protection, Impedance, Power transmission lines, Control systems, Power system stability, Valves, Power system interconnection, Substations. Abstract: Series compensation is widely used to increase stability in long-distance and heavily loaded transmission systems. With the use of power electronic devices, new possibilities came up to provide series capacitors with a higher degree of flexibility and availability. The benefits can be demonstrated with the TCSC- and TPSC-installations which have been in operation for several years. |
5,939 | Please write an abstract with title: Systemizing the Management of University-Industry Collaboration: Assessment and Roadmapping, and key words: Collaboration, Research and development, Industries, Technological innovation, Contracts, Patents, Laboratories. Abstract: Many firms increasingly collaborate with universities to create innovation through the commercialization of scientific knowledge. However, a variety of mismatches between a firm's interests and the value delivered by university partners (e.g., common knowledge base, strategic goals, agreements on intellectual property management, etc.) can cause rough interactions and relationships. Therefore, managers demand an effective practice to support the management of university-industry collaborations (UICs). This article builds on the previous work on a matching quality assessment model by extending its applicability to propose an analytical framework for developing a strategic roadmap to guide relationship development toward effective UIC. |
5,940 | Please write an abstract with title: Stochastic Image Transmission with CoAP for Extreme Environments, and key words: Vehicular and wireless technologies, Protocols, Image communication, Wireless networks, Real-time systems, Noise measurement, Object recognition. Abstract: Communication in extreme environments is an important research topic for various use cases including environmental monitoring. A typical example is underwater acoustic communication for 6G mobile networks. The major challenges in such environments are extremely high-latency and high-error rate. They make real-time image transmission difficult using existing communication protocols. This is partly because frequent retransmission in noisy networks increases latency and leads to serious deterioration of real-timeness. To address this problem, this paper proposes a stochastic image transmission with Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) for extreme environments. The goal of the proposed idea is to achieve approximate real-time image transmission without retransmission using CoAP over UDP. To this end, an image is divided into blocks, and value is assigned for each block based on the requirement. By the stochastic transmission of blocks, the reception probability is guaranteed without retransmission even when packets are lost in networks. We implemented the proposed scheme using Raspberry Pi 4 to demonstrate the feasibility. The performance of the proposed image transmission was confirmed from the experimental results. |
5,941 | Please write an abstract with title: Burst-error-correcting algorithm for Reed-Solomon codes and its performance over a bursty channel, and key words: Reed-Solomon codes, Error correction codes, Decoding, Water storage, Algorithm design and analysis, Polynomials, Degradation, System performance, Demodulation, Fading. Abstract: Various communication and storage systems are likely corrupted by bursts of noise. These bursts may be long in duration, resulting in a significant degradation for the system performance. Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are proven to be very effective in correcting burst errors. According to the Singleton bound, the maximum length of burst errors that can be corrected by an (n, k) RS code is (n-k)/2 symbols. However, it turns out that, if correlation between erroneous symbols within bursts is considered and well used, the variables for burst locations will be decreased and, accordingly, decoding capability may be enhanced with increased length of correctable bursts. As such, we propose a new burst-error-correcting algorithm. It is shown that, for (n, k) RS codes, this algorithm can correct continuous burst errors with length that approaches to n-k symbols with fairly low miscorrection probability, achieving a good performance over long-burst channels. |
5,942 | Please write an abstract with title: A Highly Parallel Fine-Grained Sort-Merge Join on Near Memory Computing, and key words: Data analysis, Circuits and systems, Layout, Memory management, Parallel processing, Data transfer, DRAM chips. Abstract: In-time processing of database system is imperative to reveal the hidden information. JOIN operation is critical in data analysis, as it occupies almost half of the average execution time in the standard TPC-H benchmark for database processing. In modern databases, transferring data between computing engines and system memory has become one of the main performance challenges. Previous works of Near Memory Computing (NMC) alleviated the costly data transfer, however, the designs still pose inefficiency in terms of processing flow and data management. In this paper, we propose FG-SMJ: a highly parallel fine-grained sort-merge join on near memory computing. The novel data layout allows us to access data from memory chips with fine-grained chip-level parallelism and exploit memory bandwidth. Compared with previous NMC designs, the proposed FG-SMJ attains 3.08x speedup. |
5,943 | Please write an abstract with title: A Lie algebraic method of motion planning for driftless nonholonomic systems, and key words: Control systems, Motion planning, Motion control, Mobile robots, Orbital robotics, Motion analysis, Kinematics, Cybernetics, Trajectory, State-space methods. Abstract: In this paper a Lie algebraic method is proposed to steer driftless nonholonomic systems. It uses the special instance of the generalized Campbell-Baker-Hausdorff-Dynkin formula for driftless nonholonomic systems to establish a mapping between controls and a resulting direction of motion. Then, locally, a motion planning task is to find the inverse of this mapping. Usually, it can be supported by analytic computations. |
5,944 | Please write an abstract with title: Practical Performance Enhancement of DAS by Using Dense Multichannel Signal Integration, and key words: Sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Sensitivity, Diversity reception, Optical fibers, Diversity methods, Spatial diversity. Abstract: Distributed fiber acoustic sensing (DAS) technology can measure acoustic waves along long-distance optical fiber with high spatial resolution. Due to its unique advantages, DAS has been applied in wide fields. However, DAS currently still suffers from limited sensitivity and severe signal fading. Due to the inherent random nature and low signal intensity of Rayleigh backscattering, it is a challenge to essentially eliminate these fundamental limitations. Here a DAS system using its distributed sensing feature is demonstrated with dense multichannel signal integration, complete elimination of signal fading and 100-fold improvement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are experimentally demonstrated. These results provide a simple and effective method to improve DAS performance in practical applications. As far as we know, it is the first time that the distributed sensing characteristic is utilized to tackle fading and sensitivity for DAS, simultaneously. It is believed that this method will promote the process of DAS large-scale applications and help DAS to attract widespread attentions, especially in intrusion detection, acoustic emission flaw detection, near-surface dynamics and characterization, etc. |
5,945 | Please write an abstract with title: Projection Mapping in the Light: A Preliminary Attempt to Substitute Projectors for Room Lights, and key words: Human-centered computing-Human computer interaction (HCI)-Interaction paradigms-Mixed /augmented reality, Computing methodologies-Computer graphics-Graphics systems and interfaces-Perception. Abstract: Projection mapping (PM) in a bright room creates the problem of reducing the contrast of the projected texture because ambient lighting elevates the black level of the projection target. In this paper, we developed a pseudo-ambient lighting technique that turns off the original ambient lighting and reproduces its illumination from the projectors on surfaces other than the target. We confirmed that the proposed technique could reproduce a bright room while suppressing the contrast reduction of the projected texture on the target, which helped to improve the viewing experience. |
5,946 | Please write an abstract with title: PAPR reduction of OFDM systems using input sequence envelope scaling, and key words: Peak to average power ratio, Digital video broadcasting, Equations, OFDM modulation, Robustness, Fading, Signal processing algorithms, Digital communication, Digital signal processing, Digital audio broadcasting. Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing or OFDM is a form of multi-carrier modulation technique. High spectral efficiency, robustness to channel fading, immunity to impulse interference, uniform average spectral density, capability of handling very strong echoes and less non linear distortion are among the favorite properties of OFDM. Even though there are many advantages of OFDM, it has two main drawbacks: high peak to average power ration (PAPR) and frequency offset. In this paper, the issue of PAPR in OFDM is discussed. A new algorithm is proposed to reduce PAPR by scaling the input envelope for some sub-carriers before they are sent to IFFT. Simulation results show that the PAPR can be reduced by 4 dB. |
5,947 | Please write an abstract with title: A non-Manhattan hexagon/triangle placement paradigm, and key words: Routing, Wire, Manufacturing, Integrated circuit interconnections, Throughput, Shape, Very large scale integration, Wiring, Delay, Costs. Abstract: A non-Manhattan hexagon/triangle placement (HTP for short) paradigm is proposed in the present paper. The main feature of the paradigm lies in adapting to the X- and Y-architectures. As is known the X architecture is supposed to be dominant in the nanometer realm for the coming years. Triangle circuit blocks are placed into a hexagonal shape chip by using a graph representation called helical sequence (HS for short) and a placement strategy named as corner coincidence compact placement (CCCP for short). Also provided is a theorem showing that a packing algorithm called HS2PL enables us to get a unique CCCP by the use of HS. Two examples with benchmark data transformed from the Manhattan BBL mode placement (ami33/49) are presented to justify the feasibility and effectiveness of our algorithms. |
5,948 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-pulsing GaAs laser for fiber-dispersion measurements, and key words: Gallium arsenide, Fiber lasers, Optical pulses, Pulse measurements, Atomic beams, Optical fiber devices, Delay, Atom lasers, Pump lasers. Abstract: Internal self-pulsing of commercially available GaAs lasers produces pulses as short as 100 ps. The simplicity and versatility of such devices make them very useful for fiber-dispersion studies. We describe pulse-transmission measurements in 178 m of a liquid-core fiber and explain the considerable pulse broadening (11 ns at the pulse base) in terms of mode delay and mode mixing. |
5,949 | Please write an abstract with title: Leveraging VR to spread awareness about energy conservation among children, and key words: Bridges, Planets, Energy conservation, Employment, Games, Immersive experience, Task analysis. Abstract: In today’s world, Energy conservation is not only the future but also the need of the hour. As the global society collectively gets smarter with the advent of technology it has also created a broader demand for energy. The only way to bridge the imbalance between consumption and availability is to conserve energy. In this paper, we construct a very efficient way to spread awareness about energy conservation by leveraging VR to create an immersive interactive experience that spreads awareness of energy conservation. The solution includes the user indulging in three game-based VR environments that make the user realize the need to conserve energy. The first environment is a domestic home where the kids participate in conserving energy, the second scene involves a game where the kids destroy eco-damaging products and take in eco-friendly items and the final environment is an office where children get to know efficiently practices to conserve energy in a workplace. The VR-enabled solution is aimed at children for fostering a sense of social consciousness about energy conservation. The interactive tasks created with the help of the Unity game engine enhance motivation and empathy towards energy conservation among young users. |
5,950 | Please write an abstract with title: Everyone is A Forensic Artist: Sketch-to-Photo Transformation for Human Face, and key words: Measurement, Training, Technological innovation, Law enforcement, Forensics, Transforms, Generative adversarial networks. Abstract: There are a lot of crimes happening all over the world every day. Among the criminal acts, homicide is the type of crime with a large number of victims. Occassionally there are witnesses who see the incident and remember the face of the criminal. Thus the police ask them to sketch to find out the suspect. Since the human face is the most significant and informative part of the human body, the sketch of the face is used to identify the suspect with high certainty. However, the suspects may change their facial features by makeup, such as putting on glasses or dyeing hair. If a sketch is converted into photographic images with modified facial features flexibly, the investigation of crime might accelerate effectively. Recent research has shown the techniques that transform a sketch of a human face into a photographic image or change the style of a human face according to the designated facial features. However there has not yet been an integrated architecture to transform pencil sketches to photographic images directly with desired facial features. In addition there is no fast and automatic evaluation approach that consider multiple metrics of images jointly. It is hence difficult to optimize and select the setting among a few alternatives efficiently. With the limitation we propose the Forensic GAN a network of performing the sketch-to-photo transformation and image manipulation according to the designated attributes. A voting mechanism with multiple metrics including PSNR SSIM SCC and ERGAS for fast evaluating the image quality jointly was proposed. Accordingly the training settings such as the loss function and the number of epochs can be optimized and selected based on the quality of the synthesized images. The performance of the Forensic GAN was tested and its potential for the real forensic task has been verified with synthesized pencil images and real hand-drawing sketches |
5,951 | Please write an abstract with title: Image Region Analysis Based Automated Meter Reading Using MATLAB, and key words: Real time, Automated, MATLAB, Raspberry PI 3B+, Region of Interest, Thresholding, User Interface. Abstract: The conventional method of taking meter reading is that the operator has to visit each site to take the images of the meter and then feed to their system. This task can be minimized by using an Automated meter reading system, using image processing technique the meter reading can be deduced from the image. A raspberry pi Module with camera connected to it will be used to capture the images of the meter and then compute those images, it can work on real time scenarios and at the instant when image is taken, the Region of Interest will be defined and meter reading will be extracted and uploaded to the server from where it can be accessed and displayed on User Interface. |
5,952 | Please write an abstract with title: Higher quality requirements specifications through natural language patterns, and key words: Natural languages, Embedded system, Software systems, Software engineering, Costs, Computer science, Systems engineering and theory, Computer industry, Delay, Proposals. Abstract: In most current industrial software engineering projects, the majority of requirements documents are written almost entirely in natural language. However, specifying the requirements in natural language has one major drawback, namely the inherent imprecision, i.e., ambiguity, incompleteness, and inaccuracy, of natural language. Since the requirements document forms the basis of the whole development process, such defects can have severe consequences for the whole project. Therefore, it is important to deal with these defects in a requirements specification right from the start. We present an approach for reducing the problem of imprecision in natural language requirements specifications with the use of natural language patterns, which allow formulating requirements sentences in a less ambiguous, more complete, and more accurate way. To ensure the applicability of our approach we based our patterns on a metamodel for requirements statements for embedded systems. With this metamodel, we ensure that all forms of requirements statements are described with the patterns. We validated the effectiveness of the patterns by using them to rewrite a substantial, previously written, requirements specification to eliminate its imprecisions. |
5,953 | Please write an abstract with title: Research of task re-allocation mechanism in agile supply chain based on combinatorial auction, and key words: Supply chains, Automation, Multiagent systems, Supply chain management, Intelligent control. Abstract: In multi-agent system based agile supply chain management, there are many complex task re-allocation problems at the transaction level. In this paper, we use the combinatorial auction theory to solve these problems. We first analyze the features of task re-allocation problems and build a problem model, and then design a comprehensive task re-allocation mechanism based on combinatorial auction. Some further research on the problem is also discussed. |
5,954 | Please write an abstract with title: Collaborative Inference via Ensembles on the Edge, and key words: Performance evaluation, Conferences, Neural networks, Collaboration, Signal processing, Delays, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: The success of deep neural networks (DNNs) as an enabler of artificial intelligence (AI) is heavily dependent on high computational resources. The increasing demands for accessible and personalized AI give rise to the need to operate DNNs on edge devices such as smartphones, sensors, and autonomous cars, whose computational powers are limited. Here we propose a framework for facilitating the application of DNNs on the edge in a manner which allows multiple users to collaborate during inference in order to improve their prediction accuracy. Our mechanism, referred to as edge ensembles, is based on having diverse predictors at each device, which can form a deep ensemble during inference. We analyze the latency induced in this collaborative inference approach, showing that the ability to improve performance via collaboration comes at the cost of a minor additional delay. Our experimental results demonstrate that collaborative inference via edge ensembles equipped with compact DNNs substantially improves the accuracy over having each user infer locally, and can outperform using a single centralized DNN larger than all the networks in the ensemble together. |
5,955 | Please write an abstract with title: On noise-to-state stability of stochastic discrete-time systems via finite-step Lyapunov functions, and key words: Stability analysis, Lyapunov methods, Asymptotic stability, Stochastic systems, Nonlinear systems, Covariance matrices, Discrete-time systems. Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a notion of so-called finite-step simulation functions for discrete-time control systems. In contrast to the existing notions of simulation functions, a finite-step simulation function does not need decay at each time step but after some finite numbers of steps. We show that the existence of such a function guarantees that the mismatch between output trajectories of the concrete and abstract systems lies within an appropriate bound. Using this relaxation, we develop a new type of small-gain conditions which are less conservative than those previously used for compositional construction of approximate abstractions of interconnected control systems. In particular, using finite-step simulation functions, it is possible to construct approximate abstractions, where stabilizability of each subsystem is not necessarily required. The effectiveness of our results is verified by an illustrative example. |
5,956 | Please write an abstract with title: CRYPTOGRAPHY, and key words: Cryptography, Encryption, Quantum computing, Computers, Data protection, Computer crime, Technological innovation. Abstract: The beauty of cryptography is that theoretically (which is perhaps the most important adverb in all of cybersecurity), it provides all three critical aspects of security: confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. Cryptography is an important tool for protecting information in computer systems. It is used to protect data transmitted in computer networks and data stored in long‐term storage. Despite its enormous success, cryptography is difficult to deploy correctly in practice. Even an error that leaks a small amount of information can be exploited by an attacker and result in a complete break. The chapter explores why cryptography is so hard to get right and ways to address this. It looks at some common mistakes and ways in which cryptography often fails in practice. Generally speaking, failures fall into one of three categories: mistakes in the design; mistakes in the implementation; and side‐channel attacks where the system is compromised by an attacker that measures side information. |
5,957 | Please write an abstract with title: Monitoring and Control System for High-Voltage Switching Devices of an Electrical Substation, and key words: Substations, Optical switches, Sensors, Control systems, Reliability, Monitoring, Grounding. Abstract: A variant of designing a monitoring and control system for high-voltage switching devices of an electrical substation using digital technologies is considered. A variant of execution of operational blocking of disconnectors and earthing switches is proposed to exclude incorrect actions of personnel during operational switching. A feature of the system is the use of inductive position sensors for switching devices instead of unreliable contacts. The use of a separate subnet, specialized controllers and digital exchange of information between them makes it possible to increase the information perfection of the system, increase information security, reduce the total length of the cable network of electromagnetic interlocking at the substation and reduce the cost of its operation. It is proposed to use standard information exchange protocols to integrate the blocking system into the substation ACS. |
5,958 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Features of Intra-Consistency and Inter-Diversity: Keys Toward Generalizable Deepfake Detection, and key words: Deepfakes, Task analysis, Forgery, Faces, Feature extraction, Data models, Transformers. Abstract: Public concerns about deepfake face forgery are continually rising in recent years. Most deepfake detection approaches attempt to learn discriminative features between real and fake faces through end-to-end trained deep neural networks. However, the majorities of them suffer from the problem of poor generalization across different data sources, forgery methods, and/or post-processing operations. In this paper, following the simple but effective principle in discriminative representation learning, i.e., towards learning features of intra-consistency within classes and inter-diversity between classes, we leverage a novel transformer-based self-supervised learning method and an effective data augmentation strategy towards generalizable deepfake detection. Considering the differences between the real and fake images are often subtle and local, the proposed method firstly utilizes Self Prediction Learning (SPL) to learn rich hidden representations by predicting masked patches at a pre-training stage. Intra-class consistency clues in images can be mined without deepfake labels. After pre-training, the discrimination model is then fine-tuned via multi-task learning, including a deepfake classification task and a forgery mask estimation task. It is facilitated by our new data augmentation method called Adjustable Forgery Synthesizer (AFS), which can conveniently simulate the process of synthesizing deepfake images with various levels of visual reality in an explicit manner. AFS greatly prevents overfitting due to insufficient diversity in training data. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art competitors on several popular benchmark datasets in terms of generalization to unseen forgery methods and untrained datasets. |
5,959 | Please write an abstract with title: In-service characterization of electronic voltage standards, and key words: Measurement standards, Temperature sensors, Power measurement, Humidity measurement, Pressure measurement, Data analysis, Voltage measurement, Diodes, Electric potential, Calibration. Abstract: The feasibility of measuring the pressure and humidity dependences of the 10-V output of electronic voltage standards, by analysis of data from routine within-group comparisons of an ensemble standard and accompanying records of environmental conditions, has been investigated. The method was found to be useful for identifying individual standards with significant sensitivities to either pressure or humidity. |
5,960 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploiting pipelined executions in OpenMP, and key words: Programming profession, Parallel processing, Proposals, Data structures, Parallel programming, Data flow computing, Yarn, Computer architecture, Runtime, Concurrent computing. Abstract: We propose a set of extensions to the OpenMP programming model to express point-to-point synchronisation schemes. This is accomplished by defining, in the form of directives, precedence relations among the tasks that are originated from OpenMP work-sharing constructs. The proposal is based on the definition of a name space that identifies the work parceled out by these work-sharing constructs. Then the programmer defines the precedence relations using this name space. This relieves the programmer from the burden of defining complex synchronization data structures and the insertion of explicit synchronization actions in the program that make the program difficult to understand and maintain. We briefly describe the main aspects of the runtime implementation required to support precedence relations in OpenMP. We focus on the evaluation of the proposal through its use two benchmarks: NAS LU and ASCI Seep3d |
5,961 | Please write an abstract with title: Refactoring Software in the Automotive Domain for Execution on Heterogeneous Platforms, and key words: Computer architecture, Graphics processing units, Automotive engineering, Software architecture, Industries, Real-time systems. Abstract: The most important way to achieve higher performance in computer systems is through heterogeneous computing, i.e., by adopting hardware platforms containing more than one type of processor, such as CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs. Several types of algorithms can be executed significantly faster on a heterogeneous platform. However, migrating CPU-executable software to other types of execution platforms poses a number of challenges to software engineering. Significant efforts are required in such type of migration, particularly for re-architecting and re-implementing the software. Further, optimizing it in terms of performance and other runtime properties can be very challenging, making the process complex, expensive, and error-prone. Therefore, a systematic approach based on explicit and justified architectural decisions is needed for a successful refactoring process from a homogeneous to a heterogeneous platform. In this paper, we propose a decision framework that supports engineers when refactoring software systems to accommodate heterogeneous platforms. It includes the assessment of important factors in order to minimize the risk of recurrent problems in the process. Through a set of questions, practitioners are able to formulate answers that will help in making appropriate architectural decisions to accommodate heterogeneous platforms. The contents of the framework have been developed and evolved based on discussions with architects and developers in the automotive domain. |
5,962 | Please write an abstract with title: High-quality organic 4-dimethylamino-n-methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) crystal for electro-optic measurement applications, and key words: Crystal growth, Electrooptic devices, Sensitivity, Ultrafast optics, Organic compounds, Submillimeter wave measurements. Abstract: We present a new method called the slope nucleation method (SNM) for the growth of high-quality DAST crystals. Electro-optic (EO) measurement shows DAST crystals exhibits five-times sensitivity enhancement as compared to KTiOPO/sub 4/ (KTP) crystals. |
5,963 | Please write an abstract with title: Threat response management system (TRMS), and key words: Transmission line measurements, Collaboration, Social network services, Cultural differences, Decision making, Management training, Environmental economics, USA Councils, Knowledge based systems, Disaster management. Abstract: We describe the motivations, concept of operation, and architecture of a threat response management system (TRMS): an information-integrated, dynamically reconfigurable, simulation-based decision support system that is deployable as (i) a dynamic planning and threat readiness training tool and (ii) an emergency response execution decision support tool. TRMS functions include (i) automated threat detection, (ii) collaborative (multinational and multiagency) plan development, (iii) social network representation and analysis, and (iv) agent-based simulation and optimization. Components of the TRMS solution are currently being developed and tested through an ongoing Navy-funded research project. |
5,964 | Please write an abstract with title: Advanced Data Analytics Platform for Manufacturing Companies, and key words: Data analysis, OWL, Production, Companies, Data structures, Real-time systems, Data models. Abstract: Data analytics is a key factor to make fully informed and data-driven decisions in modern manufacturing companies. With increasing international competition, classical approaches to data analytics have to be enhanced toward advanced data analytics to create smarter products, production processes and customer services. This leverages the full potential of the data to quickly gain insights and make decisions. Application areas include predictive analytics, augmented analytics and real-time analytics. In this paper an advanced data analytics platform (ADAP) for manufacturing companies is presented and verified on a real-world production line. ADAP combines process data obtained in a physical environment with domain knowledge from experts to create data-driven models in a digital environment. In addition, ADAP is well scalable and provides a comprehensible data structure throughout the entire data workflow. ADAP is verified on two different advanced data analytics applications on an electrocoating plant. In order to relate the applications to real production requirements, the needs of local manufactures from the region Ostwestfalen-Lippe (OWL) are taken into account. |
5,965 | Please write an abstract with title: Power Factor Improvement by Shunt Capacitor Bank at 33 Kv Busbar in a Distribution Substation, and key words: 33 Kv busbar, distribution substation, power factor correction, shunt capacitor bank. Abstract: Power factor (PF) is one of the important aspects affecting the performance of the electrical network. This phenomenon results from an increase in inductive loads, which leads to lower voltage, increase losses, and lower efficiency in the electrical network. Different types of shunt capacitor bank (SCB) configurations are installed in the distribution substation (DS), which can be grounded or ungrounded, fused or without fuses. These SCBs provide voltage support, power factor correction, power transport increment, loss reduction, and enhancement of system quality. This paper presents the evaluation of two fixed SCBs isolated by isolator at 33 Kv busbar in DS for PFC. The work is simulated and analyzed using MATLAB. |
5,966 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multi-Scale Feature Recalibration Network for End-to-End Single Channel Speech Enhancement, and key words: Convolution, Speech enhancement, Noise measurement, Kernel, Deconvolution, Logic gates, Feature extraction. Abstract: Deep neural networks based methods dominate recent development in single channel speech enhancement. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale feature recalibration convolutional encoder-decoder with bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BGRU) architecture for end-to-end speech enhancement. More specifically, multi-scale recalibration 2-D convolutional layers are used to extract local and contextual features from the signal. In addition, a gating mechanism is used in the recalibration network to control the information flow among the layers, which enables the scaled features to be weighted in order to retain speech and suppress noise. The fully connected layer (FC) is then employed to compress the output of the multi-scale 2-D convolutional layer with a small number of neurons, thus capturing the global information and improving parameter efficiency. The BGRU layers employ forward and backward GRUs, which contain the reset, update, and output gates, to exploit the interdependency among the past, current and future frames to improve predictions. The experimental results confirm that the proposed MCGN method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods. |
5,967 | Please write an abstract with title: ARSpy: Breaking Location-Based Multi-Player Augmented Reality Application for User Location Tracking, and key words: Geology, Global Positioning System, Throughput, Databases, Servers, Cryptography. Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) applications that overlay the perception of the real world with digitally generated information are on the cusp of commercial viability. AR has appeared in several commercial platforms like Microsoft HoloLens and smartphones. They extend the user experience beyond two dimensions and supplement the normal 3D world of a user. A typical location-based multi-player AR application works through a three-step process, wherein the system collects sensory data from the real world, identifies objects based on their context, and finally, renders information on top of senses of a user. However, because these AR applications frequently exchange data with users, they have exposed new individual and public safety issues. In this paper, we develop ARSpy, a user location tracking system solely based on network traffic information of the user, and we test it on location-based multi-player AR applications. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheme via real-world experiments on 12 volunteers and show that we could obtain the geolocation of any target with high accuracy. We also propose three mitigation methods to mitigate these side channel attacks. Our results reveal a potential security threat in current location-based multi-player AR applications and serve as a critical security reminder to a vast number of AR users. |
5,968 | Please write an abstract with title: A 400 kW Long Pulse X-Band Planetary RADAR, and key words: Flanges, Cooling, Radar antennas, Frequency, Ducts, Polarization, NASA, Aperture antennas, Antenna feeds, Waveguide theory. Abstract: Selected critical microwave components for a very long pulse (several hours) X-band RADAR system are discussed from a theoretical and practical viewpoint. Included are the special-sized waveguide and flanges, hybrid power combiner, couplers, switches, polarizer, rotary joints, feedhorn and radome. The system is installed on the NASA/JPL 64-m diameter reflector antenna at Goldstone, California. |
5,969 | Please write an abstract with title: Using Generative Adversarial Networks Based on Dual Attention Mechanism to Generate Face Images, and key words: Correlation, Image resolution, Convolution, Computational modeling, Media, Generative adversarial networks, Feature extraction. Abstract: Traditional Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) simulates the correlation between different regions through multiple convolution, but correlation between long-distance is relatively small, resulting in unclear details of generated images. To solve this problem, we propose a model based on dual attention mechanism which called DA-GAN. The self-attention mechanism can extract the dependency effectively between the local and global features of images, allowing the network to learn the connections purposefully between the features, thereby generating higher quality images. The channel-attention mechanism obtains the importance degree of each feature's channel automatically, and improves useful features and suppresses the features that are not useful for the current task according to the importance degree, so as to calculate resources more efficiently. Experiments demonstrate that our method achieves better performance than other method on the CelebA dataset and can produce higher-quality images. |
5,970 | Please write an abstract with title: Instability of single frequency oscillation in semilinear photorefractive oscillator with reflection gratings, and key words: Photorefractive effect, Oscillators, Gratings, Optical reflection, Frequency measurement, Mirrors, Couplings, Bifurcation, Loss measurement, Physics. Abstract: We show, experimentally and by calculation, that two-frequency oscillation in semilinear photorefractive coherent oscillator extends the range of pump intensity ratios where the oscillation is possible and ensures a higher output intensity. |
5,971 | Please write an abstract with title: Packet Aggregation Based on Encryption-Then-Compression for Highly Efficient Multi-Hop Transmission, and key words: Ciphers, Encryption, Wireless communication, Protocols, Payloads, Data communication, Wireless sensor networks. Abstract: In this paper, we tackle a critical bottleneck problem appeared in multi-hop transmissions; only a single node can forward packets from the other nodes in the network to a common destination. Since every node encrypts data before transmission for privacy protection, typical compression techniques cannot be applied to the aggregated packet. We hence propose the packet aggregation based on encryption-then-compression (EtC) technique enabling the efficient compression of the encrypted data. Assuming intermittent receiver-driven data transmission (IRDT) as a multi-hop transmission protocol, numerical results show that our proposed method can achieve the lower decompression error probability than the conventional EtC and significantly reduce the energy consumption per a correctly received packet. |
5,972 | Please write an abstract with title: Plasmonic Fiber Grating Biosensors Demodulated Through Spectral Envelopes Intersection, and key words: Fiber gratings, Optical fibers, Optical fiber sensors, Biosensors, Proteins, Microfluidics, Surface plasmons. Abstract: Gold-coated tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) have been highly studied over the last years, mainly for biosensing purposes. They present a comb-like spectrum of narrow-band cladding mode resonances that is often demodulated by tracking the change of a selected peak. In this paper, we report a twentyfold more sensitive demodulation method based on the intersection of the upper and lower envelopes of gold-coated TFBG spectra. This method has been successfully applied in biosensing experiments towards the detection of HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2) proteins, a relevant biomarker for breast cancer. Practical improvements have also been implemented. First, a uniform FBG has been superimposed on the TFBG to reduce the read-out wavelength span to 10 nm instead of 70 nm while keeping the temperature-compensated measurements. Second, a micro-fluidic system has been implemented to smoothly deliver the samples to the sensor. These 3 originalities make this sensing platform even more attractive for use in practical applications. |
5,973 | Please write an abstract with title: Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulence with a PC/Linux Cluster: Fact or Fiction?, and key words: Numerical simulation, Linux, Supercomputers, Costs, Personal communication networks, Scientific computing, Silicon, Graphics, Kernel, Libraries. Abstract: Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of turbulence requires many CPU days and Gigabytes of memory. These requirements limit most DNS to using supercomputers, available at supercomputer centres. With the rapid development and low cost of PCs, PC clusters are evaluated as a viable low-cost option for scientific computing. Both low-end and high-end PC clusters, ranging from 2 to 128 processors, are compared to a range of existing supercomputers, such as the IBM SP nodes, Silicon Graphics Origin 2000, Fujitsu AP3000 and Cray T3E. The comparison concentrates on CPU and communication performance. At the kernel level, BLAS libraries are used for CPU performance evaluation. Regarding communication, the free implementations of MPICH and LAM are used on fast-ethernet-based systems and compared to myrinet-based and supercomputer networks. At the application level, serial and parallel simulations are performed on state of the art DNS, such as turbulent wake flows in stationary and moving computational domains. |
5,974 | Please write an abstract with title: Construction and Application of Knowledge Bases, and key words: Knowledge based systems, Ontologies, Robots, Semantics, Urban areas, Iron, Internet. Abstract: In order to reduce the impact on complex information, a comprehensive knowledge base is of great urgency to be constructed and the knowledge needs to be hosted on the question-answering robot. A new kind of knowledge base - Association Map is constructed, which is based on human's association of entities and associate related entities. And this paper shows the application of the knowledge base in knowledge retrieval and reasoning of question-answering robot. |
5,975 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Reflection Removal with Reflection-free Flash-only Cues, and key words: Computer vision, Codes, Computational modeling, Computer architecture, Reflection, Pattern recognition. Abstract: We propose a simple yet effective reflection-free cue for robust reflection removal from a pair of flash and ambient (no-flash) images. The reflection-free cue exploits a flash-only image obtained by subtracting the ambient image from the corresponding flash image in raw data space. The flash-only image is equivalent to an image taken in a dark environment with only a flash on. We observe that this flash-only image is visually reflection-free, and thus it can provide robust cues to infer the reflection in the ambient image. Since the flash-only image usually has artifacts, we further propose a dedicated model that not only utilizes the reflection-free cue but also avoids introducing artifacts, which helps accurately estimate reflection and transmission. Our experiments on real-world images with various types of reflection demonstrate the effectiveness of our model with reflection-free flash-only cues: our model outperforms state-of-the-art reflection removal approaches by more than 5.23dB in PSNR, 0.04 in SSIM, and 0.068 in LPIPS. Our source code and dataset are publicly available at github.com/ChenyangLEI/flash-reflection-removal. |
5,976 | Please write an abstract with title: Semi-Supervised Object Detection With Sparsely Annotated Dataset, and key words: Training, Degradation, Annotations, Statistical analysis, Image processing, Object detection, Detectors. Abstract: When training an anchor-based object detector with a sparsely annotated dataset, the effort required to locate positive examples can cause performance degradation. Because anchor-based object detection models collect positive examples under IoU between anchors and ground-truth bounding boxes, in a sparsely annotated image, some objects that are not annotated can be assigned as negative examples, such as backgrounds. We attempt to solve this problem with two approaches: 1) using an anchor-less object detector and 2) using a single-object tracker for semi-supervised learning-based object detection. The proposed technique performs bidirectional single-object tracking from sparsely annotated bounding boxes as starting points in videos to obtain dense annotations. On applying our method to the EPIC-KITCHENS-55 dataset, we were able to achieve runner-up performance in the Unseen section, while achieving the first place in the Seen section of the EPIC-KITCHENS 2020 object detection challenge under IoU > 0.5 on the EPIC-KITCHENS 2020 object detection challenge. |
5,977 | Please write an abstract with title: Speed Observer Structure of Induction Machine Based on Sliding Super-Twisting and Backstepping Techniques, and key words: Observers, Rotors, Backstepping, Stators, Mathematical model, Informatics, Induction machines. Abstract: This article presents an analysis of the two speed observer structures which are based on the backstepping and sliding super twisting approach. The observer stabilizing functions result from the Lyapunov theorem. To obtain the observer tuning gains the observer structure is linearized near the equilibrium point. The rotor angular speed is obtained from nonadaptive dependence. In the sensorless control system structure the classical PI controllers and transformation to the multiscalar variables are applied. The theoretical derivations are verified in experimental waveforms. Comparison of both speed observer structures is presented for nominal speed, load torque injections while regenerating mode, very low speed range and the uncertainties of nominal parameters of induction machine. |
5,978 | Please write an abstract with title: Intra-Pair Skew Metric, EIPS (Effective Intra-Pair Skew), and key words: Measurement, Industries, Connectors, Receivers, Scattering parameters, Time-domain analysis, Optical signal processing. Abstract: In the high-speed differential (HSD) interface design, the intra-pair skew becomes more critical as the link speed is ever increasing beyond 56Gbps+ signaling. The skew within a differential pair (intra-pair skew) deteriorates eye opening at the receiver and degrades the channel performance significantly in HSD signaling. However, industry lacks in an accurate and stable intra-pair skew measurement methodology, which created a significant gap in interconnect testing and qualification. In this paper, the effective intra-pair skew (EIPS) is introduced, which is directly calculated from S-parameter data as a single value without time-domain conversion. The EIPS is verified by correlating to the eye opening and the common-mode noise (CMN) in the HSD link of PCIe Gen5 32Gbps NRZ signaling. The MATLAB script for the EIPS calculation is included in the appendix. |
5,979 | Please write an abstract with title: An IoT-Based Real-Time Intelligent Monitoring and Notification System of Cold Storage, and key words: Monitoring, Temperature sensors, Supply chains, Real-time systems, Temperature measurement, Personnel, Humidity. Abstract: The intake of the perishable fruits and vegetables (FVs) in the human diet can contribute to reduce the risk of some chronic diseases. But unfortunately, FVs loss rate is high among all the food produced annually and occurs at storage stage of post-harvest life cycle. One of the key factors contributing to this high loss rate is inability to gauge vital ambient environmental parameters in cold storage. The existing monitoring solutions about cold storage are limited to only gauge temperature, relative humidity and ignore other vital ambient environmental parameters such as luminosity and concentration of gases. This is a critical issue that needs to be addressed to overcome the loss rate of FVs. This paper presents a real-time intelligent monitoring and notification system (RT-IMNS) banked on an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled approach for real-time monitoring of temperature, relative humidity, luminosity and concentration of gas in cold storage and notifies the personnel on exceeding of dangerous limits of these parameters. Moreover, decision support is implemented in the RT-IMNS using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with forward propagation to classify the status of commodity into one of three classes i.e. good, unsatisfactory or alarming. The proposed prediction model outperforms Compress Sending (CS), Adaptive Naïve Bayes (ANB), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Data Mining (DM) with respect to forecasting accuracy. We achieved 99% accuracy using forward propagation neural network model while existing models such as CS, ANB, XGBoost, DM achieved 95.60%, 87.50%, 93.59%, 90% accuracy respectively. Moreover, proposed approach achieved 100% precision, 100% recall, 100% F1-score for good class is achieved, for unsatisfactory class precision is 98%, recall is 99%, F1-score is 98% and for alarming class precision is 100%, recall is 98% and F1-score is 99%. |
5,980 | Please write an abstract with title: IMep: Device-Free Multiplayer Step Counting With WiFi Signals, and key words: Wireless fidelity, Micromechanical devices, Legged locomotion, Tensors, Smoothing methods, Mobile computing, Matrix decomposition. Abstract: Currently, most of the mature WiFi-based step applications can only count the steps of a single individual, and their methods cannot capture amplitude information about each person's overall actions in multiuser scenes. It is still a challenging task to build a multiplayer step counting system in a device-free manner. In this paper, we present IMep, a novel device-free system based on WiFi that can obtain the amplitude information of each person's overall step actions and count the steps of multiple people simultaneously. Our main strategy is to establish a Multiplayer Stepping Amplitude Relation Model (MSARM) and design a Multiplayer Amplitude Decomposition Algorithm (MADA) that uses Block Term Decomposition (BTD). Moreover, we put forward a new Moving Energy Method (MEM) that captures each person's step number more clearly and accurately. The experimental results show that, IMep can function successfully in an environment of up to 7 people. The accuracies in three different room settings are 95.57%, 94.66%, and 89.94%, respectively, suggesting that IMep is effective in multi-person scenarios. |
5,981 | Please write an abstract with title: Multichannel transmission of music from concert hall to home, and key words: Costs, Loudspeakers, Music, Hardware, Psychology, Magnetic separation, Cities and towns, Audio systems, Frequency response, Acoustic distortion. Abstract: The basis for 2 or more channel transmission of music from a concert hall to a home living room is explored. Six assumptions are given. The 1933 "Symposium on Auditory Perspective" is reviewed to indicate the difference between a concert hall and a living room as a playback space. A 2-channel system is found optimum for directional effects. Transmission of the reverberant field could use an additional channel but can be done adequately and cost effectively with a 2- channel system. We conclude there is little justification for the use of more than 2-channels to transmit concert hall music. |
5,982 | Please write an abstract with title: Source Characterization of Aerosols and Trends During 2000–2019 Over Delhi (India), and key words: Aerosols, Monsoons, Market research, Time series analysis, Biomass, MODIS, Biomedical optical imaging. Abstract: In the last three last decades air pollution level has been increased significantly especially in the northern parts of India with Delhi being the most polluted city. Population growth, energy demand, industrial growth, increased crop burning, increased traffic density and coal burning have affected the air quality of Delhi and surrounding areas upto a great extent. In the present paper, we have used MODIS Terra and Aqua data to study the annual and seasonal variations of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Angstrom Exponent (AE) and also tried to identify the sources of pollution based on AOD and AE. A wide variation in AOD, (range 0.07 to 3.49) and AE, (range 0-1.8) is observed during 2000-2019 over Delhi and surrounding regions. This shows very poor air quality and highly polluted atmospheric. Different aerosol types are found to be season dependent based on the detailed analysis of AOD and AE retrieved from satellite data during the period 2000-2019. The present analysis shows dominance of anthropogenic aerosols (AA) during winter whereas biomass burning (BB) during post monsoon seasons. During pre monsoon season pollutant continental (PC) and mostly dust (MD) were observed for many days as air mass travel from Thar Desert, Middle East and Arabia with the westerly winds. In the recent decade, clean days in Delhi are reduced significantly. |
5,983 | Please write an abstract with title: Approximate GP Inference for Nonlinear Dynamical System Identification Using Data-Driven Basis Set, and key words: Kernel, Data models, Gaussian processes, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Monte Carlo methods, Mathematical model, Principal component analysis. Abstract: We address the problem of nonlinear dynamical system identification in state space formulation using an approximate Gaussian process (GP) regression framework where the basis for GP are learned from data. Approximate GP inference is used to address the high computational cost of exact GP frameworks, and is based on basis function expansion concept. We address the design of these basis functions using data and eigenvalue decomposition framework. The need for such design arises in practical applications where the collected data has outliers, discontinuities and other non-stationary characteristics which limit not only the applicability but also the performance of traditional GP framework with inherent stationary assumptions. Using the available data set, a kernel eigenvalue problem is formulated which is solved using Monte Carlo techniques to construct basis functions. Then, a low-rank approximation to the exact GP is obtained by an approach similar to kernel principle component analysis (k-PCA). The coefficients in the basis function expansion and other unknown parameters are learned from data using sequential Monte Carlo technique. The proposed GP framework for dynamical system identification is tested and validated against fixed basis framework using simulations and experimental data. |
5,984 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-layered GaAs-AlGaAs millimeter wave impatt devices, and key words: Ionization, Gallium arsenide, Performance evaluation, Radio frequency, Millimeter wave technology, Electric fields, Degradation. Abstract: Studies of millimeter-wave IMPATT devices have demonstrated a drastic fall off of conversion efficiencies above 100 GHz. The saturation of ionization rates at very high electric field and the impossibility of maintaining the avalanche zone in a confined geometry are certainly two of the main fundamental causes of this degradation of performances [1]. |
5,985 | Please write an abstract with title: Unsupervised Deep Learning For Accelerated High Quality Echocardiography, and key words: Image quality, Deep learning, Visualization, Machine learning algorithms, Ultrasonic imaging, Image resolution, Echocardiography. Abstract: Echocardiography is a pivotal imaging tool for emergency medicine. Unfortunately, it suffers from poor image quality due to the intrinsic limitations of sonography systems. Towards this end, a better quality can be achieved at the cost of reduced frame rate by increasing the number of transmit/receive events and utilizing computationally expensive noise suppression algorithms. However, this visual quality and temporal resolution trade-off is a bottleneck for many echocardiography applications. Conventional acceleration methods, such as multi-line acquisition (MLA), work only for limited acceleration factors and produce blocking artifacts at a high frame rate. Accordingly, various machine learning algorithms have been designed to reduce blocking artifacts in MLA. These algorithms require access to either high-quality raw RF data or time-delayed baseband IQ data. Unfortunately, in many lower-end commercial systems, such data are not accessible. On the other hand, ultrasound images are badly affected by speckle noises which significantly reduces the image quality. We propose an image domain unsupervised deep learning framework using cycleGAN architecture for high quality accelerated echocardiography that simultaneously reduces the blocking artifacts and the speckle noise. The method is evaluated on real in-vivo and phantom data and achieves notable performance gain. |
5,986 | Please write an abstract with title: A Dynamic Power Management System for PV-Wind based DC Microgrid, and key words: Power system management, Heuristic algorithms, Loading, Microgrids, Supercapacitors, Load management, Batteries. Abstract: This paper represents a dynamic power management system for a PV and Wind based hybrid microgrid using battery energy storage system (BESS) and supercapacitor. The normal load variations are supported by battery energy storage while sudden changes in load or transient loads are supported by using supercapacitor bank. The dc microgrid is simulated under variable load and solar insolation. It was observed that power management system is efficient to keep dc bus voltage constant in all situations. The sudden changes in dc bus voltage due to transient loads have been effectively nullified by using supercapacitor. Hence stress on the battery is reduced and its life time will be enhanced. |
5,987 | Please write an abstract with title: Air Traffic Simulation and Modeling Framework, and key words: Costs, Atmospheric modeling, Surveillance, Europe, Radar, Delays, Safety. Abstract: The development of air traffic and the variety of aircraft accessing European airspace poses special challenges for the Air Traffic Management (ATM) network. One of the main tasks in this respect is Air Traffic Control (ATC). Until today, European airspace is fragmented and divided along national borders. In other words, limited resource airspace is divided into zones, where each zone is subdivided into sectors and managed by air traffic controllers. This fact in turn leads to inefficiency and congestion, resulting in a deterioration of flight safety, greater costs, more delays and higher emissions. To develop a more comprehensive understanding of airspace utilization, economic, emission-related effects and mechanisms for detecting and resolving air traffic conflicts, flight models are indispensable. This research simulates different realistic air traffic models with and without air traffic conflicts that can compromise flight safety and paralyze airspace. Regarding to the air traffic conflicts, weather events, emergency situations, human factors and cyber attacks against aircraft and ground infrastructure are investigated and considered. In the simulation process an user defined number of flights with a selection of pseudo-random weighted air traffic conflicts is generated to obtain reliable and structured data. These event-driven data are subsequently used for future ATM solutions such as digital human assistance systems or for fully automated Unmanned ATM (UTM) solutions to ensure safe and efficient operations while reducing costs, delays and emissions. |
5,988 | Please write an abstract with title: Coupled RT-fluxgates, and key words: Couplings, Magnetic sensors, Bifurcation, Magnetic field measurement, Magnetic cores, Magnetometers, Frequency synchronization, Signal resolution, Extraterrestrial measurements, Magnetic hysteresis. Abstract: A novel system, based on oscillating coupled hysteretic fluxgates, that allows the measuring of weak magnetic fields is presented here. The core device is the "residence times differences fluxgate" magnetometer (RT-fluxgate). The coupling of such systems via a linear unidirectional connection can lead to synchronized oscillations past a critical value of the coupling coefficient. The oscillation signal is very sensitive to small changes in target magnetic field and thus this coupled device can be used to quantify a weak target signal. A device prototype has been developed, and experimental characterizations showed oscillation phenomena and frequency shift in the presence of dc target signal as expected. |
5,989 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural Network based Smart Weed Detection System, and key words: Training, Productivity, Deep learning, Irrigation, Neural networks, Memory management, Feature extraction. Abstract: Agriculture is a critical field of economy that needs consistent care and attention. The crops during the growing phase regularly need tending and are prone to pest and weed infestation that severely affects crop productivity. In today’s age when sufficient man power is not available in agriculture, machine learning and neural networks can be used to detect the weeds in the crop field. . It would also help in harvesting of species at different times to improve production and labor costs. The present paper attempts to demonstrate an automatic plant and weed identification system that could be extremely beneficial for application of pesticides, fertilizers and weedicides. The model developed in this paper employs a Convolutional neural network to extract image features and provide for early detection of weeds in crop field with better accuracy. |
5,990 | Please write an abstract with title: Stress induced performance degradation in LC oscillators, and key words: Stress, Degradation, Voltage-controlled oscillators, CMOS technology, Aging, Phase noise, Testing, MOS devices, Phase locked loops, MOSFETs. Abstract: Stress induced performance degradation in CMOS LC oscillators are investigated systematically. Three architectures of LC oscillators are studied, including NMOS, PMOS, and complementary LC oscillators, for 0.16 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The 0.16 /spl mu/m wafers are stressed, and the aged parameters are extracted. The aged parameters are used to study the stress induced parameter degradations of LC oscillators, including phase noise, amplitude, and the tuning range. After the comparison among the three LC oscillators, it is shown that the complementary LC oscillators are more reliable. |
5,991 | Please write an abstract with title: 2D vs. 3D LiDAR-based Person Detection on Mobile Robots, and key words: Laser radar, Three-dimensional displays, Navigation, Social robots, Detectors, Robustness, Sensors. Abstract: Person detection is a crucial task for mobile robots navigating in human-populated environments. LiDAR sensors are promising for this task, thanks to their accurate depth measurements and large field of view. Two types of LiDAR sensors exist: the 2D LiDAR sensors, which scan a single plane, and the 3D LiDAR sensors, which scan multiple planes, thus forming a volume. How do they compare for the task of person detection? To answer this, we conduct a series of exper-iments, using the public, large-scale JackRabbot dataset and the state-of-the-art 2D and 3D LiDAR-based person detectors (DR-SPAAM and CenterPoint respectively). Our experiments include multiple aspects, ranging from the basic performance and speed comparison, to more detailed analysis on localization accuracy and robustness against distance and scene clutter. The insights from these experiments highlight the strengths and weaknesses of 2D and 3D LiDAR sensors as sources for person detection, and are especially valuable for designing mobile robots that will operate in close proximity to surrounding humans (e.g. service or social robot). |
5,992 | Please write an abstract with title: Animation and visualization of spot prices via quadratized power flow analysis, and key words: Animation, Visualization, Load flow analysis, Power system modeling, Load flow, Load modeling, Equations, Impedance, Induction motors, Random variables. Abstract: This paper presents a new model for efficient calculation of spot prices and animation and visualization of spot price evolution as the system operating point is changing. The computational method is based on the quadratized power flow approach that cast the power flow problem as a set of quadratic equations. The load model consists of constant power, constant impedance and induction motor loads. The electric load time variation is modeled via a small set of independent random variables resulting in a nonconforming electric load model. Constraints of voltage limits as well as circuit loading are imposed. For a specific load point, the operation of the system is determined by the appropriate formulation of the power flow problem and subsequent solution. At this operating point, the spot prices are computed from a linear program defined at the operating point. The results are visualized in a three-dimensional OpenGL display. As the system load evolves, the spot prices are recomputed and the visualization display is updated thus generating an animated evolution of the system spot prices. The paper describes the proposed computational method and discusses the efficiency of the proposed method. The method is also demonstrated on the IEEE RTS system which has been modified to include a model of a spot price market. The presentation of the paper will include a demonstration of the visualization and animation of the spot prices for the IEEE RTS system. |
5,993 | Please write an abstract with title: Solutions, experiences in online education in Hungary and Serbia related to the situation caused by Covid-19, and key words: COVID-19, Conferences. Abstract: The authors focused on the challenges and options implied by the digital work form in both countries. Describing the specific technological and methodological solutions,. the article provides a detailed introduction of the way Serbia and Hungary responded to the respective VUCA phenomenon. An important aspect of such approach is the application of virtual and augmented learning spaces and presentation methods in education. The essay will include the description of future plans as well. |
5,994 | Please write an abstract with title: Applications of Artificial Neural Networks With Input and output Degradation data for Renewable Energy Systems Fault Prognosis, and key words: Degradation, Measurement, Renewable energy sources, Uncertainty, Artificial neural networks, Prediction methods, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: This paper deal with the application of neural networks (NN) for power systems failures prognosis. The NN-based prediction method is called long-term prediction, where predicted degradations are used to predict the degradation at a further future time. The proposed method predicts degradation accurately with very small uncertainty |
5,995 | Please write an abstract with title: A Robust Localization Algorithm for Mobile Robots with Laser Range Finders, and key words: Mobile robots, Cost function, Laser theory, Least squares methods, Image segmentation, Noise robustness, Computer science, Microwave integrated circuits, Laser stability, Computational modeling. Abstract: We present a robust localization algorithm for mobile robots with laser range finders, which takes feature based approach for reliable matching process as well as point based approach for accurate and stable pose calculation. An efficient sequential segmentation algorithm is suggested, which also performs least square fitting processes simultaneously. Hence robust line segment features can be obtained with much less computation time. A novel cost function for pose calculation is suggested and formulated, which makes it possible to compute the location and orientation accurately and reliably. We examined the validity of the proposed algorithm with various simulations and experiments, and revealed its robustness and accuracy compared to other typical localization algorithms. The results show that the localization error of the proposed algorithm is 40% to 80% less than conventional localization algorithms. |
5,996 | Please write an abstract with title: From paragraph networks to document networks, and key words: Information technology, Computer networks. Abstract: We investigate hypertext repositories with automatically generated hyperlinks among paragraphs. The algorithms that generate the links yield results with significant common characteristics despite large differences among the algorithms. Furthermore, different repositories, generated by the same algorithms show significant common characteristics, although generated from the return lists of different search engines. Finally, repositories generated for different domains also have common characteristics. This suggests that these characteristics are pervasive properties of judiciously retrieved document sets. The common characteristics revolve around a tendency for some documents (the kernel) to be destinations of a disproportionately high fraction of the hyperlinks in the repository. An emergent property of such repositories with practical significance is that browsing activities will have a tendency to trap the user within the kernel, perhaps without their realizing it. To enable users to choose to avoid trapping, we propose a ring structure for hypertext repositories which is exposed to the user by annotations to the hyperlinks. |
5,997 | Please write an abstract with title: An Accurate VSI Nonlinearity Modeling and Compensation Method Accounting for DC-Link Voltage Variation Based on LUT, and key words: Table lookup, Harmonic analysis, Delays, Voltage control, Switches, Voltage measurement, Transient analysis. Abstract: The nonlinearity of the voltage source inverter (VSI) leads to the error between output voltage and reference voltage, and causes the phase current harmonics. It is necessary to compensate its influence in the fields such as parameter identification, sensorless control, and servo drives. In this article, an industrial solution for VSI nonlinear compensation method based on lookup table (LUT) is introduced. The characteristics of semiconductor devices, equivalent dead-time and influence of parasitic capacitance effects are calculated quantitatively though injecting increase and decrease current during self-commissioning process. The critical current value for parasitic capacitor and the variation of equivalent dead time are verified through different distorted voltage curves. Considering dc-link voltage variation is irresistible for industrial products, 3-D linear interpolation is adopted to compensate the variation of VSI nonlinearity under different voltage conditions. Proposed LUT method does not require VSI datasheet and complicated calculation formula during implementation. Experiments are carried out on a commercial permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system to verify the proposed LUT method. |
5,998 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Motion Estimation Errors on DVB-S Based Passive ISAR Imaging, and key words: Passive radar, Estimation error, Satellites, Motion estimation, Spaceborne radar, Focusing, Radar imaging. Abstract: This work explores the effects of inaccuracies on the rotation motion estimation on DVB-S based passive ISAR images focused via Back-Projection Algorithm (BPA). BPA can produce images in a target fixed reference system, thus giving rise to the possibility of directly extracting relevant geometrical features from the ISAR products, such as target width and length; moreover, as the support region does not depend on the particular geometry/frequency, it is suitable for comparing/fusing image products achieved on different channels (even distributed and/or operating on different bands). However, as the exploitation of satellite illuminators can complicate the target motion estimation task, the focusing must deal with inaccurate target kinematics information. In this work, after deriving the theoretical PSF, we derive the image pulse response under estimation errors on the yaw, pitch, and roll motions. Moreover, consequently distortions affecting the image are evaluated via closed-form equations. The theoretical findings are confirmed by experimental data analysis using a passive radar receiving system developed by FHR and an Astra satellite as opportunistic illuminator. |
5,999 | Please write an abstract with title: Supplement schemes to 3GGP ARQ for reducing occupancy and sojourn at re-ordering buffer, and key words: Automatic repeat request, Throughput, Delay effects, Approximation methods, Error correction, Multiaccess communication, Buffer storage, Electronic mail, Protocols, Wideband. Abstract: 3GPP RLC protocol specification adopted an error control scheme based on window-controlled selective-repeat ARQ. As a member of selective-repeat clan, the 3GPP ARQ inherently possesses the problem of re-ordering at the receiving station. In this paper, aiming at suppressing the occupancy and sojourn time at the re-ordering buffer while maintaining the level of delay and throughput performance, we propose two schemes (identified as confined selective-repeat and extended go-back-N schemes) as a supplement to the 3GPP ARQ. For the performance evaluation of the proposed schemes, we first develop an approximation method to calculate the maximum throughput of a window-controlled ARQ. Secondly, using a simulation method, we investigate the peak occupancy, mean sojourn time, mean delay time, and maximum throughput exhibited by the schemes in various environments. From numerical examples, we confirm the validity of our approximation method and conclude that the proposed schemes are able to improve the delay and throughput performance of the 3GPP ARQ without inflating the occupancy and sojourn time at the re-ordering buffer. |
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