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5,800 | Please write an abstract with title: Artificial neural network classification of asteroids in the M1:2 mean-motion resonance with Mars, and key words: methods: data analysis, celestial mechanics, minor planets, asteroids: general. Abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been successfully used in the last years to identify patterns in astronomical images. The use of ANN in the field of asteroid dynamics has been, however, so far somewhat limited. In this work, we used for the first time ANN for the purpose of automatically identifying the behaviour of asteroid orbits affected by the M1:2 mean-motion resonance with Mars. Our model was able to perform well above 85 per cent levels for identifying images of asteroid resonant arguments in term of standard metrics like accuracy, precision, and recall, allowing to identify the orbital type of all numbered asteroids in the region. Using supervised machine learning methods, optimized through the use of genetic algorithms, we also predicted the orbital status of all multi-opposition asteroids in the area. We confirm that the M1:2 resonance mainly affects the orbits of the Massalia, Nysa, and Vesta asteroid families. |
5,801 | Please write an abstract with title: A technique for perceptually reducing periodically structured noise in speech, and key words: Noise reduction, Speech enhancement, Interpolation, Teeth, Speech processing, Filtering, Speech coding, Frequency, Power harmonic filters, Transform coding. Abstract: Periodically structured noise is noise which occurs randomly but with a fixed or slowly varying period. The noise periodicity is usually due to some underlying process, such as block processing of the speech where discontinuities between successive blocks result. This type of noise permeates the entire speech spectrum and is not removable by standard filtering techniques. The recently developed time domain harmonic sealing (TDHS) algorithm has been found to be the basis for an effective enhancement technique. In this paper we discuss the underlying theory of this technique and establish a class of windows for its implementation. As an example the frame rate noise of adaptive transform coding was perceptually reduced using this technique. Results from a subjective testing experiment using ATC coded speech with bit rates of 7.2 to 16 Kb/s indicated an improvement in quality equivalent to an increase in code rate of 2.4 to 3 Kb/s for speech originally coded at 7.2 to 12 Kb/s. |
5,802 | Please write an abstract with title: Vertebra-Focused Landmark Detection for Scoliosis Assessment, and key words: Feature extraction, Heating systems, X-ray imaging, Atmospheric measurements, Particle measurements, Indexes, Image resolution. Abstract: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a lifetime disease that arises in children. Accurate estimation of Cobb angles of the scoliosis is essential for clinicians to make diagnosis and treatment decisions. The Cobb angles are measured according to the vertebrae landmarks. Existing regression-based methods for the vertebra landmark detection typically suffer from large dense mapping parameters and inaccurate landmark localization. The segmentation-based methods tend to predict connected or corrupted vertebra masks. In this paper, we propose a novel vertebra-focused landmark detection method. Our model first localizes the vertebra centers, based on which it then traces the four corner landmarks of the vertebra through the learned corner offset. In this way, our method is able to keep the order of the landmarks. The comparison results demonstrate the merits of our method in both Cobb angle measurement and landmark detection on low-contrast and ambiguous X-ray images. Code is available at: https://github.com/yijingru/Vertebra-Landmark-Detection. |
5,803 | Please write an abstract with title: Shear strength and fracture behavior of locally-melted hybrid Cu/Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Sn58Bi/Cu joints under different loading rates, and key words: hybrid Cu/SnAgCu/SnBi/Cu joint, shear strength, fracture behavior, low temperature soldering, BGA solder joint, mobile electronic packaging. Abstract: With the increasing demand for low temperature reflow processes in electronic packaging, SnBi-based solders have been increasingly explored to replace partially SnAgCu solders (typically Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu, i.e., SAC305) in the board-level BGA packaging due to their features of low thermal effects on devices and PCBs. In order to verify whether the hybrid Cu/SnAgCu/SnBi/Cu joints, in which SnBi solder exhibits the significant phase segregation, are suitable for mobile electronic packaging, the fracture behavior of locally-melted hybrid Cu/SAC305/Sn58Bi/Cu joints under different loading rates ranging from 100 to 5000 μm/s were studied systematically. It is found that the shear strength of hybrid joints increases significantly with increasing loading rate. Meanwhile, due to different loading rate sensitivities of Sn58Bi solder and SAC305 solder, the deformation behavior, fracture position (path) and fracture mode of the hybrid Cu/SAC305/Sn58Bi/Cu joints are significantly different when subjected to shear stress with different loading rates. |
5,804 | Please write an abstract with title: Pulse dispersion in a gyrotropic plasma, and key words: Gyrotropism, Plasma measurements, Plasma confinement, Plasma properties, Magnetic confinement, Pulse measurements, EMP radiation effects, Coaxial components, Transmission line theory, Transient response. Abstract: The dispersion of nanosecond electromagnetic pulses in a longitudinally magnetized plasma confined in a coaxial transmission line is observed experimentally. The transient response exhibits weakly damped oscillations characteristic of the natural frequencies of a bounded gyrotropic plasma. Measurements of the pulse dispersion caused by reflection from the plasma interface and transmission through the plasma are compared with theoretical results obtained on the basis of a dielectric model of the plasma, in which ion motion and random motions of electrons are neglected. |
5,805 | Please write an abstract with title: On Fast Learning of Cooperative Transport by Multi-robots using DeepDyna-Q, and key words: Learning systems, Instruments, Transportation, Reinforcement learning, Robots. Abstract: In recent years, there have been many studies on cooperative transport. Reinforcement learning has attracted attention for formation changes. As reinforcement learning requires a large number of learning cycles, fast learning algorithms are needed. Model-based learning has been studied for unknown environments to learn efficiently. Deep Dyna-Q, a model-based learning method, has been proposed. In this paper, reinforcement learning using model-based learning is applied to formation changes of cooperative transportations. This study constructed Deep Dyna-Q using model-based learning to improve learning speed and applied it to robot formation change. The results showed that Deep Dyna-Q improved the number of episodes by about half compared to DQN. The formation change achievement rate in Deep Dyna-Q was 74% in an environment with a transport object and was slightly low. As it was reported that the achievement rate of the literature was 99%, an improvement in the success rate is desired. Future studies should aim to use a multi-agent algorithm MADDPG that uses model-based learning to achieve both achievement rate and learning time. |
5,806 | Please write an abstract with title: Developing a Fuzzy C-Means Inference System for Muscle Strength Prediction Using sEMG, and key words: Grip Strength, sEMG, Generated Fuzzy rules, Fuzzy C-Means, Fuzzy Inference System Introduction. Abstract: The research involved the development of a fuzzy inference system (FIS) to predict grip strength through the analysis of sEMG signals. Fuzzy rules were generated using fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering. In an experiment focused on lifting motions and including nine participants, the FIS demonstrated promising results. Specifically, in the non-weight condition, the FIS achieved a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.1246 and an R-squared value of 0.3357 for grip strength prediction. However, when an 11-lb weight load was introduced, the accuracy of the FIS dropped significantly, leading to less reliable predictions. This was reflected in an increased MSE of 0.1804 and a reduced R-squared value of 0.0379. These outcomes underscore the potential of wearable sEMG devices coupled with a fuzzy inference system for grip strength prediction. The research also highlights the need for further research in this evolving field. |
5,807 | Please write an abstract with title: Cylindrical EBG surfaces for omni-directional wireless LAN antennas, and key words: Wireless LAN, Dipole antennas, Antenna measurements, Periodic structures, Metamaterials, Wireless communication, Antenna radiation patterns, Antenna arrays, Engine cylinders, Microstrip antennas. Abstract: This paper presents a new method to realise omni-directional antennas for wireless communication applications such as wireless local area networks (WLAN) by incorporating cylindrical metallodielectric electromagnetic band gap (MEBG) structures. These structures behave as partially reflecting surfaces (PRS) and significantly enhance the directivity of simple radiating sources. Micro-stripes (TLM) is used for the simulation and design of cylindrical antenna structures. A novel cylindrical antenna that operates at 2.33 GHz and is fed by a balanced dipole was constructed to illustrate the design methodology. |
5,808 | Please write an abstract with title: A ROS 2 Response-Time Analysis Exploiting Starvation Freedom and Execution-Time Variance, and key words: Analytical models, Real-time systems, Time factors, Robots. Abstract: Robots are commonly subject to real-time constraints. To ensure that such constraints are met, recent work has analyzed the response times of processing chains under ROS 2, a popular robotics framework. However, prior work supports only scalar worst-case execution time bounds and does not exploit that the ROS 2 scheduling mechanism is starvation-free. This paper proposes a novel response-time analysis for ROS 2 processing chains that accounts for both the high execution-time variance typically encountered in robotics workloads and the starvation freedom of the default ROS 2 callback scheduler. Experimental results from both synthetic callback graphs and a real ROS 2 workload empirically show the proposed analysis to be much more accurate (often by a factor of 2x or more). |
5,809 | Please write an abstract with title: Seamless Mode Shifting of Double-Stage Solar PV System Interfaced to the Utility Grid, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Renewable energy sources, System performance, Power quality, Adaptive filters, Solar energy, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: A double stage PV with grid connection and disconnection ability is presented here. With the requirement of energy surety and improved power quality, several steps are being undertaken to incorporate distributed energy resources (DERs) based on renewable power. Therefore, the need of an efficient control is paramount, which allows seamless transfer of power between grid connection and disconnection. In order to obtain a coordinated control, a subband adaptive filter is utilized, which improves power quality (PQ), power transfer proficiency along with reduced intermittency. Moreover, the changeover is governed by static transfer switches (STS) between the grid connection and disconnection state. In accordance with IEEE-1547 and IEEE-519 standards, the results validate the system performance during weak grid conditions and changeover to standalone mode of operation. |
5,810 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental study of R134a condensation heat transfer inside the horizontal micro-fin tubes, and key words: Heat transfer, Refrigerants, Heat engines, Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Manufacturing, Thermal factors, Mechanical engineering, Geometry, Conductivity. Abstract: The condensation heat transfer for R134a in the two kinds of in-tube three-dimensional (3-D) micro-fin tubes with different geometries is experimentally investigated. Based on the flow pattern observations, the flow patterns in the Soliman flow regime map are divided into two-flow regimes; one with the vapor-shear-dominant annular regime and the other with the gravitational-force-dominant stratified-wavy regime. The flow regime transition criterion between the annular regime and the stratified-wavy regime is at Fr equal to 2. In the annular regime, the heat transfer coefficients h of the two kinds of in-tube 3-D micro-fin tubes decreases as the vapor quality x decreases. The regressed condensation heat transfer correlation from the experimental data of the annular flow region is obtained. The dispersibility of the experimental data is inside the limits of /spl plusmn/25%. In the stratified-wavy regime, the number of micro fins in the 3-D micro-fin tube is not the controlling factor for the performance of a condensation heat transfer and the average heat transfer coefficient h of the two kinds of in-tube 3-D micro fin tubes increases as the mass flux increases. The regressed condensation heat transfer correlation of the stratified-wavy flow regime is experimentally obtained. The dispersibility of the experimental data is inside the limits of /spl plusmn/22%. |
5,811 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Kernel Excitation Network for Video Action Recognition, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Computational modeling, Signal processing, Computational efficiency, Convolutional neural networks, Residual neural networks. Abstract: Video action recognition based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) relies on enough spatial and temporal information captured from the videos by CNN. Conventional 2D CNN-based methods are usually of low computational cost but cannot reason the temporal relationships; 3D CNNs achieve high accuracy accompanied by huge parameters and computational consumption. This paper proposes a piece of spatial-temporal information capturing module, namely Multi-Kernels Excitation (MKE), which can be embedded into 2D CNNs to improve their temporal modeling capability dramatically. The critical part of MKE is Multi-Kernel Attention (MKA), which utilizes attention mechanisms to capture spatial-temporal features. We equip 2D CNNs with the proposed MKE module to construct a simple yet effective MKE-Net. We demonstrate our MKE-Net on ResNet50 and verify its performance on complicated temporal-related datasets (i.e., Something-Something V1 and Something-Something V2). |
5,812 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficiency of transient bit-flips detection by software means: a complete study, and key words: Circuit faults, Application software, Microcontrollers, Fault tolerance, Fault detection, Radiation detectors, Digital signal processors, CMOS technology, Electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic transients. Abstract: This-paper characterizes the effectiveness of an error detection technique that addresses transient faults induced by the environment (radiation, EMC) in processor-based architectures. Experimental results obtained from fault injection sessions performed on two platforms built around a 32-bit digital signal processor and an 8-bit microcontroller, provide objective figures about the efficiency of the proposed approach. |
5,813 | Please write an abstract with title: Generalizability of EEG-based Mental Attention Modeling with Multiple Cognitive Tasks, and key words: Task analysis, Electroencephalography, Brain modeling, Cognition, Training, Feature extraction, Standards. Abstract: Attention is the foundation of a person's cognitive function. The attention level can be measured and quantified from the electroencephalogram (EEG). For the study of attention detection and quantification, we researchers usually ask the subjects to perform a cognitive test with distinct attentional and inattentional mental states. Different attention tasks are available in the literature, but there is no empirical evaluation to quantitatively compare the attention detection performance among the tasks. We designed an experiment with three typical cognitive tests: Stroop, Eriksen Flanker, and Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), which are arranged in a random order in multiple trials. Data were collected from ten subjects. We used six standard band power features to classify the attention levels in four evaluation scenarios for both subject-specific and subject-independent cases. With cross-validation for the subject-independent case, we achieved a classification accuracy of 61.6%, 63.7% and 65.9% for PVT, Stroop and Flanker tasks respectively. We achieved the highest accuracy of 74.1% and 65.9% for the Flanker test in the subject-dependent and subject-independent cases respectively. Our evaluation shows no statistically significant differences in classification accuracy among the three distinct cognitive tasks. Our study highlights that EEG-based attention recognition can generalize across subjects and cognitive tasks. |
5,814 | Please write an abstract with title: Use of multiple antennas for DS/CDMA code acquisition, and key words: Multiaccess communication, Diversity reception, Receiving antennas, Performance analysis, Fading, Signal processing, Frequency, Rayleigh channels, Antenna arrays, Diversity methods. Abstract: A generalized acquisition scheme is proposed for direct sequence code-division multiple-access systems with multiple antennas. The proposed scheme employs grouping of multiple antennas as a means of a tradeoff between two important factors determining the mean acquisition time, combining gain and search time. The performance of the proposed acquisition scheme is analyzed in frequency-selective Rayleigh-fading channels with consideration of spatial correlations. Numerical results show that the use of the largest number of antenna groups is preferable to reducing the mean acquisition time at low signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) values. At high SIR values, on the contrary, the mean acquisition time is found to increase in proportion to the number of antenna groups. In a typical environment, the presence of spatial correlation is shown to increase or decrease the mean acquisition time within 50% compared with the uncorrelated fading case. |
5,815 | Please write an abstract with title: Classification of Deepfake Videos Using Pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: Support vector machines, Visualization, Data privacy, Feature extraction, Generative adversarial networks, Security, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought a revolution in the field of information technology. Furthermore, AI has empowered the new applications to run with minimum resources and computational cost. One of such applications is Deepfakes, which produces extensively altered and modified multimedia content. However, such manipulated visual data imposed a severe threat to the security and privacy of people and can cause massive sect, religious, political, and communal stress around the globe. Now, the face-swapped base visual content is difficult to recognizable by humans through their naked eyes due to the advancement of Generative adversarial networks (GANs). Therefore, identifying such forgeries is a challenging task for the research community. In this paper, we have introduced a pipeline for identifying and detecting person faces from input visual samples. In the second step, several deep learning (DL) based approaches are employed to compute the deep features from extracted faces. Lastly, a classifier namely SVM is trained over these features to classify the data as real or manipulated. We have performed the performance comparison of various feature extractors and confirmed from reported results that DenseNet-169 along with SVM classifier outperforms the rest of the methods. |
5,816 | Please write an abstract with title: Faster-Than-Real-Time Dynamic Simulation of AC/DC Grids on Reconfigurable Hardware, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Power system stability, Hardware, Stability analysis, Real-time systems, Mathematical model, Field programmable gate arrays. Abstract: Dynamic simulation of integrated AC and DC grids is paramount to address real-time operation challenges in energy control centers, such as available transfer capacities, relieving grid congestion, and taking effective control actions for improving the integrated grid system stability and reliability. This paper proposes a faster-than-real-time (FTRT) dynamic simulation of integrated AC/DC grids on the reconfigurable parallel hardware architecture of the field programmable gate array (FPGA). A fine-grained relaxation algorithm (FGRA) is proposed for a more efficient solution of the nonlinear differential algebraic equations of the integrated system model, including the detailed nonlinear models of the synchronous generators in the AC system which can be solved in parallel without matrix on the FPGA. The system solution is massively parallelized and pipelined in hardware to realize the lowest latencies and minimum utilization of hardware resource. Two case studies are used to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm and demonstrated a closed-loop prediction scenario for improving grid stability. Computational acceleration of up to 134 times faster than real-time are reported for the two case studies, and the accuracy of the dynamic interaction is validated using the off-line transient stability simulation tool TSAT of the DSAToolsTM package. |
5,817 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure UHF RFID Authentication With Smart Devices, and key words: Smart devices, RFID tags, Authentication, Correlation, Servers, Usability, Communication system security. Abstract: Commodity ultra-high-frequency (UHF) RFID authentication systems only provide weak user authentication, as RFID tags can be easily stolen, lost, or cloned by attackers. This paper presents the design and evaluation of SmartRFID, a novel UHF RFID authentication system to promote commodity crypto-less UHF RFID tags for security-sensitive applications. SmartRFID explores extremely popular smart devices and requires a legitimate user to enroll his smart device along with his RFID tag. Besides authenticating the RFID tag as usual, SmartRFID verifies whether the user simultaneously possesses the associated smart device with both feature-based machine learning and deep learning techniques. The user is considered authentic if and only if passing the dual verifications. Comprehensive user experiments on commodity smartwatches and RFID devices confirmed the high security and usability of SmartRFID. In particular, SmartRFID achieves a true acceptance rate of above 97.5% and a false acceptance rate of less than 0.7% based on deep learning. In addition, SmartRFID can achieve an average authentication latency of less than 2.21 s, which is comparable to inputting a PIN on a door keypad or smartphone. |
5,818 | Please write an abstract with title: A Dynamic Reweighting Strategy For Fair Federated Learning, and key words: Training, Machine learning, Signal processing, Collaborative work, Data models, Speech processing, Optimization. Abstract: Federated learning is an emerging machine learning framework where models are trained using heterogeneous datasets collected by a large number of edge clients. Standard methods to aggregate local training models weigh each model by a fraction of data size at that client. However, such approaches result in unfairness to clients with small and unique datasets, leading to inferior accuracy of the global model at these clients. In this work, we propose a novel optimization framework called DRFL that dynamically adjusts the weight assigned to each client, and we combine it with a biased client selection strategy, both of which encourage fairness in federated training. We validate the effectiveness of our proposed method on a suite of both synthetic and real federated datasets, revealing the proposed method outperforms existing baselines in terms of resulting fairness. |
5,819 | Please write an abstract with title: MPRS: Medipix parallel readout system for angiography digital imaging, and key words: Angiography, Digital images, Bonding, Gallium arsenide, Real time systems, X-ray imaging, Blood vessels, Biomedical imaging, Readout electronics, Joining processes. Abstract: A fast readout system for a low noise CMOS pixel chip, working in single photon counting mode (Medipix2) has been developed for digital angiography applications. Each chip has an active area of about 2 cm/sup 2/, with 256/spl times/256 square pixels 55 /spl mu/m side size, and can be bump bonded to Si or GaAs for direct charge conversion of incoming photons. The system permits the parallel readout of up to 8 chips at a rate of at least 25 frames/s, to allow real time X-ray imaging of contrast medium flowing in blood vessels. The readout electronics is PCI bus-based and consists of two boards, the motherboard directly interfacing the chip for settings and data flow, and the PCI board linking the motherboard to the bus. Dedicated software has been developed to test each single pixel, set configuration patterns and perform data transfer. With parallel readout transfer rate up to 64 MByte/s has been achieved. |
5,820 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal two-point static calibration of measurement systems with quadratic response, and key words: Calibration, Interpolation, Capacitive sensors, Manufacturing, Temperature sensors, Irrigation, Cellular neural networks, Polynomials, Fitting, Microcontrollers. Abstract: Two-point static calibration can be easily performed by any system having a minimal computation capability. Often, the reference inputs for that calibration are the end values of the measurement range. However, they are not the optimal selection because the resulting error is minimal only for those reference inputs, which are not necessarily those with most interest. This paper proposes two optimization criteria for the selection of calibration points that need reference inputs whose values do not depend on the nonlinearity of the actual response, provided this is quadratic. Both criteria give parallel calibration lines and can also be applied to other nonlinear responses if the measurement range is divided into convenient intervals. A numerical example shows the performance of each criterion, and their application to thermocouple linearization illustrates their advantage with respect to simple end-point linearization. |
5,821 | Please write an abstract with title: The Comparison of different approaches for solar radiation forecasting using Artificial Neural Network, and key words: Neurons, Forecasting, Biological neural networks, Artificial neural networks, Solar radiation, Predictive models, Radiation effects. Abstract: The paper presents the comparison of different approaches for forecasting of the solar radiation using artificial neural networks (ANN). The estimation of the energy yield of photovoltaic installation is very important for the electrical grid stability. This estimation is only possible if a good solar radiation forecast is available. Different approaches for this forecasting are possible. One of the most used statistical method is the artificial neural network. The main drawback of this method is the need of large amount of collected data for the network learning. The authors' team dispose with large database to avoid this disadvantage. Three approaches for the solar radiation forecasting are considered. The difference is in the input variables. The first approach uses information for the solar radiation for 6 days before the forecasted one. The others two approaches use historical data for the forecasted day - respectively 2 and 4 years before this day. For each approach two different topologies are considered - with one and two hidden layers. The number of neurons in the layers varies. The results show the advantages and the drawbacks of each approach in function of the topology. However, all three approaches are more or less appropriate for the solar radiation forecasting. |
5,822 | Please write an abstract with title: Algorithms for multicriterion optimization, and key words: Pareto optimization, Optimization methods, Vectors. Abstract: In this paper we report new methods for obtaining a noninferior solution to a multicriterion optimization problem. Unlike existing methods, which convert vector-valued optimization problems into scalar-valued ones, our methods treat the multiple objectives as they are, without employing an artificial single objective. Each of the new methods is readily implementable and convergent to a local noninferior solution under suitable assumptions. We also propose interactive methods for locating a noninferior solution that will be satisfactory to the decision maker. |
5,823 | Please write an abstract with title: An in-parallel actuated manipulator with redundant actuators for gross and fine motions, and key words: Actuators, Manipulators, Space technology, Kinematics, Research and development, Joining processes, Mechanical engineering, DVD, Vibrations, Spatial resolution. Abstract: We propose an in-parallel actuate mechanism that can simultaneously realize fine positioning resolution and a large working space, and we discuss its infinitesimal displacement characteristics. Based on a kinematic synthesis of this mechanism, an experimental manipulator has been developed and we discuss the results of experiments regarding its fine positioning characteristics. |
5,824 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a Rapid, Reliable Urban Mobility System for the DC Region, and key words: Space vehicles, Navigation, Surveillance, Roads, Transportation, Reliability engineering, Random variables. Abstract: The Washington D.C. region is ranked 5th in the U.S. by GDP per capita and 3rd worst for traffic congestion causing friction in the local economy. A confluence of technological advances enables Urban Air Mobility (UAM) transportation systems to bypass road congestion and transport passengers in electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing vehicles. Analysis of travel demand profiles have identified the initial phase of a Rapid, Reliable Urban Mobility System (RRUMS) for the D.C. Region servicing private jet owners and first-class passengers from local airports to and from central business districts, assuming relaxed aerial vehicle and FAA restrictions. A stochastic simulation with random variables for vehicle speed, boarding times, vertiport operation times, and passenger inter-arrival times identified the need for a 5 node network with 70 vehicles, 3 landing pads, and 2 UAM vehicle parking space at the business Vertiports, servicing 369 flights per day. A Return on Investment of 122% can be achieved with a break-even in 2 years on an investment of $160M. |
5,825 | Please write an abstract with title: Symbol recognition using graphs, and key words: Image recognition, Shape, Prototypes, Face recognition, Pattern recognition, Computer vision, Computer graphics, Text analysis, Image analysis, Image converters. Abstract: Symbol recognition is a well-known challenge in the field of graphics recognition. A symbol can be defined as a structure within a document that has a particular meaning in the context of the application. Due to their representational power, graph structures are usually used to represent line drawings images. Thus, a number of graph comparison approaches are required to answer whether a known symbol appears in a document and under which degree of confidence. In this paper we propose two strategies to recognize symbols depending on the type of their substructures. For those symbols that can be defined by a prototype pattern, we propose a graph isomorphism approach. On the other hand, for those structures consisting of repetitive patterns, we propose a syntactic approach based on graph grammars. |
5,826 | Please write an abstract with title: Matrix decomposition and multiple source location, and key words: Matrix decomposition, Position measurement, Covariance matrix, Array signal processing, Sensor arrays, Background noise, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Radio access networks, Signal resolution, Vectors. Abstract: In this paper we present a method, based on the decomposition of matrix, for determination of the number d and the directions of sources with making no assumption about d. We at first give the uniqueness of the decomposition. Then we give an algorithm which can be used for either coherent or non-coherent case with d unknown. In our procedure a number p is calculated and used for determination of the maximum number of sources distinguishable by a given array system. |
5,827 | Please write an abstract with title: A sub-cellular algorithm for wire transmission lines in the FDTD method, and key words: Wire, Transmission lines, Finite difference methods, Transmission line theory, Time domain analysis, Differential equations, Inductance, Approximation error, Impedance. Abstract: In this contribution the application of a sub-cellular algorithm, based on the weighted residuals interpretation of FDTD, to wire transmission lines has been described. The method is shown to be capable of giving results which are in good agreement with analytical formulae. This approach is readily extended to other types of transmission line, such as microstrip, by choosing the appropriate basis functions. |
5,828 | Please write an abstract with title: An Advanced Modulation Technique for Transformerless Grid Connected Inverter Circuits Used in Solar Photovoltaic Systems, and key words: Inverters, Switches, Topology, Modulation, Pulse width modulation, Transformers, Reactive power. Abstract: This article presents a new current peak point tracking third harmonic injected bus clamping pulsewidth modulation (CPPTTHBCPWM) technique for effective active and reactive power control in a transformerless H5 solar photovoltaic inverter. The proposed technique reduces the switching loss compared to that of the traditional switching technique by using a new reference signal and eliminating unwanted gate pulses. The proposed CPPTTHBCPWM technique ensures better utilization of the dc bus voltage, lowers the total harmonic distortion, and lowers the converter loss compared to the conventional modulation techniques. The proposed modulation technique also reduces the thermal stress in the switching devices and increases the power converter lifetime. The proposed modulation technique is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment and validated in the laboratory using a reduced-scale prototype test platform. |
5,829 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Discontinuities on the Group Delay of a Microwave Transmission Line (Short Papers), and key words: Transmission line discontinuities, Delay effects, Transmission lines, Transmission line theory, Reflection, Extraterrestrial measurements, Frequency, Delay lines, Atmospheric measurements, Distortion measurement. Abstract: The problem is considered of the effect of reflections from discontinuities at each end of a transmission line on the group delay at microwave frequencies. Previous work is briefly reviewed and a general analysis is made. Graphical data are presented based upon the formulas developed. Experimental results are given which confirm the theory. |
5,830 | Please write an abstract with title: GPU-BRKGA: A GPU accelerated library for optimization using the biased random-key genetic algorithm, and key words: Graphics processing units, Central Processing Unit, Kernel, Genetic algorithms, Libraries, IEEE transactions, Decoding. Abstract: This paper presents a CUDA/C++ library, called GPU-BRKGA, for accelerating the biased random-key genetic algorithm (BRKGA). Our library features an easy to use API that allows designers with little experience in GPU development to accelerate the solution of their optimization problems. It automatically handles the problem-independent modules of BRKGA, and leaves the designer in charge with only the decoding procedure, that is, to convert a random-key vector into a solution to the optimization problem. We compared our solution with two other BRKGA API implementations: the standard CPU-based BRKGA API implementation (brkgaAPI) and another GPU-based BRKGA API from the literature (brkgaCuda). Experimental results show that GPU-BRKGA is up to 28x faster than brkgaAPI and up to 3x faster than brkgaCuda. |
5,831 | Please write an abstract with title: Allocation of Available Link Resources Based on the Number of Aircraft in Different Airspaces, and key words: Aircraft, Aircraft propulsion, Military aircraft, Atmospheric modeling, Resource management, Electronic mail, Monte Carlo methods. Abstract: Since the Poisson distribution is not universal for the arrival of aircraft in the airspace, in this paper, we leverage the negative binomial distribution to simulate the aircraft’s arrival process, and combine the flight speed to estimate the total number of aircraft in the regular airspace. Then, we obtain the estimated number of aircraft in the irregular airspace by utilizing the Monte Carlo and pixel counting methods. Finally, we allocate the available link resources in different airspaces based on the estimated number of aircraft. Numerical results show that the Monte Carlo method has better performance than the pixel counting method, but their allocated results are very close. |
5,832 | Please write an abstract with title: Computer Intelligent Evaluation Model and Algorithm Optimization of Driving Distraction from In-Vehicle Information System Secondary Tasks, and key words: Visualization, Layout, Wheels, Production, Touch sensitive screens, Safety, Automobiles. Abstract: To optimize the in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) design and ensure driving safety, it is important to evaluate driving distractions in each interaction mode for specific secondary tasks. This study introduced a driving simulator to test eight production vehicles to evaluate the safety impact of IVIS secondary tasks. Ten frequent secondary tasks were tested via four interaction modes: knob and button on the center console, touch screen, steering wheel button, and voice control. In the driving simulator, the speed deviation, lane departure standard deviation, visual distraction percentage, visit count, and mean glance time were collected during the secondary tasks. For less complex/difficult tasks, the knob and button, as well as the steering wheel button, are the best interaction modes. Voice control is the best interaction mode for both medium-complexity/difficult tasks (like calling a contact) and highly complex/difficult tasks (like destination setting). The touch screen has become popular recently, which is necessary for highly complex/difficult tasks because of its reasonable performance and high customer acceptance, but its safety impact was very strong for other tasks due to increased visual distraction. The center display layout is also a factor that impacts driving safety for touch screen interaction. |
5,833 | Please write an abstract with title: Dual-Polarized Cavity-Backed Bow-Tie Slot Arrays for 5G Mobile Handsets, and key words: Solid modeling, Slot antennas, Metals, Solids, Mobile handsets, Gain, Antenna arrays. Abstract: In this work, dual-polarized cavity-backed bow-tie slot arrays are designed at mm-wave band for the mobile handset. The dual-polarized slot antennas can cover the frequency range from 27.3 GHz to 28.2 GHz, with an isolation of above 13 dB between two orthogonally polarized antennas. Two antenna arrays, with each composed of four dual-polarized cavity-backed slot units, are then utilized on the longer metal frames of the handset. The scanning beamwidth for each array is 138° for the gain of above 7 dBi, indicating large coverage area and high gain with dual polarizations. The easy integration with the metal frame makes the design practical for handset antennas. |
5,834 | Please write an abstract with title: Control of the modes of architectural and artistic lighting systems, and key words: Power supplies, Urban areas, Lighting, Control systems, Mathematical models. Abstract: The article gives a general assessment of architectural and artistic lighting, developed a methodology and model for the quantitative and qualitative assessment of artistic lighting. An approach was proposed and the structure of the control system for architectural and artistic lighting objects was developed as an integral part of the Smart-Light system for power supply and lighting of the city. |
5,835 | Please write an abstract with title: Independent Vector Analysis Based Subgroup Identification from Multisubject fMRI Data, and key words: Precision medicine, Conferences, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Signal processing, Fingerprint recognition, Brain modeling, Acoustics. Abstract: Identification of homogeneous subgroups of subjects plays a key role in the study of precision medicine. While there are a number of approaches based on the clustering of low-level features such as behavioral variables, work that makes use of fully multivariate nature of medical imaging data is very limited. Given that the individual variability in brain functional networks obtained from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is noted as being both significant and consistent like fingerprints, its use provides a particularly appealing approach to this challenging problem. We present a completely data-driven approach, subgroup identification using independent vector analysis (SI-IVA), which leverages the desirable properties of IVA to uncover the relationship across subjects along with the discovery of subgroup structures revealed by Gershgorin disc theorem. We show that SI-IVA outperforms an eigenanalysis-based approach by simulations. We then apply the method to real fMRI data obtained from patients of during resting state to identify group differences in multiple relevant brain regions including primary somatosensory and motor cortex, which demonstrates that SI-IVA provides interpretable and meaningful results. |
5,836 | Please write an abstract with title: Microcontroller in measuring system for UWB antennas, and key words: Microcontrollers, Antenna measurements, Ultra wideband antennas, Sampling methods, Measurement units, Time measurement, Oscilloscopes, Signal sampling, Delay, Transmitting antennas. Abstract: The given work is devoted to the development of a portable measuring system intended for investigation of the UWB antenna characteristics and capable of data preprocessing. The system ultrawidebandness is provided by using the sampling measuring unit. |
5,837 | Please write an abstract with title: Moiré Fringe Signal Subdivision System of a Stained Code Disc of a Grating Displacement Sensor, and key words: Sensors, Codes, Gratings, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Pins, Distortion, Shape. Abstract: When a code disk of a displacement sensor is exposed to dust or other impurities, it causes distortion of the grating moiré fringe signal, and thereby provides wrong displacement information from the sensor. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the distortion in the reading due to the stains. In this paper, multiple reading heads were used to collect the moiré fringe signal of the sensor and were evenly distributed on the fine code channel. Each reading head was used to subdivide the moiré fringe signal collected by it, calculate the signal amplitude value corresponding to each sampling point, and analyze the stains of the code disk corresponding to the reading head according to the signal amplitude value. According to the stains of the code disk, the subdivision value of each reading head was considered to have a certain weight. It was found that when the reading head is stained, the weight decreases, whereas when it is clean, the weight increases. Finally, the weighted average value of the two reading heads was taken as the final subdivision value of the sensor. The experimental results showed that the system provides output with high-precision displacement values even when the moiré fringe signal was abnormal due to the local stains of the sensor’s code disk, therefore it significantly increases the anti-stain ability of the sensor. |
5,838 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhancing the Thermal Performance of Epoxy Adhesive used in the CFRP/Concrete Bond, and key words: Temperature distribution, Polyethylene, Adhesives, Glass, Mechanical factors, Carbon. Abstract: Epoxy adhesive used as the bonding agent in the Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer/concrete bond shows poor thermal performance. Therefore, this experimental study focused on modifying the epoxy adhesive by blending recycled Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibres to enhance thermal performance. The single-lap shear test was conducted by varying the fibre content in the epoxy adhesive to determine the optimum PET fibre to develop the modified epoxy adhesive. The optimum PET fibre content was selected as 30% of the volume of epoxy. The modified adhesive showed a successful bond strength enhancement in both ambient and elevated temperature conditions when compared to the pure epoxy adhesive. The mechanical properties were tested for the developed epoxy-based adhesive. The modified epoxy adhesive achieved an average bond strength of 827.31 MPa (at 30 °C) for 150 mm bond length. Although the glass transition temperature of pure epoxy was between 60 °C and 80 °C, it was between 120°C and 150 °C for the modified epoxy adhesive. |
5,839 | Please write an abstract with title: Construction and Demolition Waste Generation Forecasting Using a Hybrid Intelligent Method, and key words: Construction and demolition waste, Time series prediction, Singular spectrum analysis, Support vector machine regression, Long and short-term memory network. Abstract: To effectively forecast the construction and demolition waste (C&DW) generation, this paper proposes a hybrid intelligent method, which integrates singular spectrum analysis (SSA), support vector regression (SVR) and long and short-term memory (LSTM) network. The key idea of this method is to use SSA to divide the original time series into trend and fluctuation sub-series, separately perform LSTM and SVR approach, then to combine the forecasts generated from each model. Grid search optimization is further utilized to seek for the optimal parameters of the proposed forecasting model. Experiments are conducted to compare the proposed method and several benchmark approaches. Results show that it is statistically significant that the proposed method can provide much better forecasts than other approaches, indicating that our method can be used as a promising tool for the C&DW generation forecasting. |
5,840 | Please write an abstract with title: Finite Time Stability of Discrete-Time Stochastic Dynamical Systems, and key words: Sufficient conditions, Difference equations, Conferences, Optimal control, Trajectory, Dynamical systems, Standards. Abstract: In this paper, we address finite time stability in probability of discrete-time stochastic dynamical systems. Specifically, a stochastic comparison lemma is constructed along with a scalar system involving a generalized deadzone function to establish almost sure convergence and finite time stability in probability. This result is used to provide Lyapunov theorems for finite time stability in probability for Ito-type ^ stationary nonlinear stochastic difference equations involving conditions on the minimum of the Lyapunov function itself along with a fractional power of the Lyapunov function. In addition, we establish sufficient conditions for almost sure lower semicontinuity of the stochastic settling-time capturing the average settling time behavior of the discrete-time nonlinear stochastic dynamical system. |
5,841 | Please write an abstract with title: A Branch-Gain-Balanced LNA Based on Voltage- Controlled Resistor Feedback and Shared CMFB Amplifier, and key words: Resistors, Resistance, Low-noise amplifiers, Ultrasonic imaging, Negative feedback, Fluctuations, Linearity. Abstract: The low-noise amplifier (LNA) determines the noise performance and linearity of the ultrasound imaging system. However, due to the characteristics of the ultrasound system, the LNA is single-ended input and double-ended output which can lead to unbalanced branch gains. To address this issue, a negative feedback mechanism based on voltage-controlled resistor and shared common-mode feedback (CMFB) amplifier is proposed to make the gains at the two branches of the LNA equal and resistant to PVT fluctuations. Test results show LNA’s equivalent input-referred noise voltage density is $1.37 \mathrm{nV} / \sqrt{} \mathrm{Hz}$ at 5MHz, and the −3dB bandwidth is 200MHz. The proposed negative feedback mechanism optimizes the gain difference between VON and VOP at the frequency of 5MHz from 2.3dB to 0.5dB. |
5,842 | Please write an abstract with title: Seizure Prediction using Hybrid features, and key words: Sensitivity, Correlation, Databases, Prediction algorithms, Feature extraction, Electroencephalography, Complexity theory. Abstract: Sudden change in the brain”s electrical activity, result in some sort of brain disorder and hypersynchronous firing in abnormal neural network results in a seizure. We aim to develop the low-complexity seizure prediction algorithm which able to predict all seizures well in advance with low FPR which increases the quality of life of an epileptic patient. In this work, the Freiburg seizure prediction EEG database is used which consists of 21 patients and signal acquired here at a sampling rate of 256 Hz. First and foremost, raw EEG is preprocessed and segmented over which few statistical features (MAD, skewness, and kurtosis) were extracted which then fed to the ensemble classifier and finally the post-processing procedure is performed to predict the seizure. This study found to exhibit an average prediction time of all patients understudy to be 101.81 minutes, and the best results with 100% sensitivity and 0.00/h FPR also obtained. |
5,843 | Please write an abstract with title: Media Streaming in Cloud with Special Reference to Amazon Web Services: A Comprehensive Review, and key words: Cloud computing, Portable computers, Streaming media, Media, Software, Mobile handsets, Encoding. Abstract: Media Streaming is handling, consuming and saving multimedia content, such as audio, video and picture, using resources and software available in the cloud without manually gaining them. It is a data processing method so that it can be interpreted as a continuous stream. Cloud consumers can use their laptops or mobile devices to stream media content and enjoy music anywhere and at any time. The main objective is to give consumers uninterrupted streaming of videos with no buffering problems and to conserve their resources and furnish them with great quality and high bandwidth videos. AWS provides you with the mobility that implies you don't have to think about computation, encoding, storing data, data security and credibility. It immediately expands the cloud servers if information size rises. It even provides free-tier access to AWS console for a year in the beginning to allow the use of AWS services simple. And that is why Amazon Web Service is the perfect cloud service supplier in the entire globe. A detailed review of the Media Streaming and services of Amazon Web Service is done together. |
5,844 | Please write an abstract with title: A Configurable 10T SRAM-Based IMC Accelerator With Scaled-Voltage-Based Pulse Count Modulation for MAC and High-Throughput XAC, and key words: Hardware accelerator, In-memory computation (IMC), machine learning algorithm, multiply-and-accumulate (MAC), SRAM, XNOR-and-accumulate (XAC). Abstract: This work proposes a 10T SRAM-based in-memory computation (IMC) architecture that can be configured to perform linear multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations and high-throughput XNOR-and-accumulate (XAC) operations. The IMC-MAC operation is performed by using the proposed scaled-voltage-based pulse count modulation (PCM) technique, which improves the linearity and signal margin of the MAC operation. The IMC-XAC operation is performed by using the proposed single capacitor discharge (SCD) approach with various advantages such as no deterministic error in XAC output, low latency, and less variation compared to the traditional charge sharing (TCS)-based XAC operation. The post-layout simulations of the proposed IMC architecture in a 65-nm CMOS process shows that the IMC architecture achieves a signal margin of 44.3 mV using the proposed scaled-voltage-based PCM approach in IMC-MAC mode whereas 37% less variation using the proposed SCD approach in IMC-XAC mode. In IMC-MAC mode, we achieve a 54.6 GOPS, 273 TOPS/W, and 98.67%/88.72% classification accuracy on MNIST/CIFAR-10 dataset using the convolution neural network (CNN)/ResNet20 algorithm. In IMC-XAC mode, we achieve a 3276.8 GOPS, 1092.2 TOPS/W, and 97.12% classification accuracy on the MNIST dataset using the binary neural network (BNN) algorithm. |
5,845 | Please write an abstract with title: A 48-16-MHz CMOS SC decimation filter, and key words: Filters, Dynamic range, Power measurement, Capacitors, Signal processing, Communication switching, Communication systems, Analog-digital conversion, Laboratories, Size measurement. Abstract: This paper presents a CMOS switched-capacitor decimation filter for prefiltering operations in video communications systems, reducing the complexity of continuous-time antialiasing filters and alleviating dynamic range requirements of analog-to-digital converters. As a consequence of the structure's low sensitivity to process variations, predicted by theory and verified in the laboratory by measurements on all samples of the same batch, it was possible to apply capacitor arrays having minimum feasible size units of 100 fF to implement the filter coefficients, leading to substantial savings in power consumption. Implemented in a standard 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS process with poly-poly capacitors, the experimental device samples the incoming continuous-time analog signal at 48 MHz and presents a filtered sampled-data output at 16 MHz, with a measured pass-band deviation smaller than 0.22 dB up to the cutoff frequency of 3.6 MHz, output noise power spectrum of 1.1 nV/sub RMS///spl radic/(Hz) and a signal handling ability of 1.4 V/sub pp/, resulting in a dynamic range of 48 dB, meeting the usual specifications for video-frequency signal processing. |
5,846 | Please write an abstract with title: An Intelligent IoT Fuzzy Based Approach for Automated Indoor Air Quality Monitoring, and key words: Fuzzy logic, Urban areas, Smart homes, Sensor systems, Pollution measurement, Internet of Things, Indexes. Abstract: Indoor air quality has a critical impact on human and animal health and well-being. Because of the confinement during the Covid-19 health crisis, millions of people were forced to stay at home. Therefore, living environments should incorporate an automated monitoring system to detect unfavorable air quality scenarios. Also, Internet of things (IoT) due to their ability to carry air low-cost sensing units have become a cheap alternative to monitor pollution values in a given area. However, enough still needs to be learned as these types of studies are expected to increase in the future years. In this paper, we have developed an intelligent IoT-fuzzy-based device based on low-cost sensors for indoor air quality monitoring (IoT-fuzzy-based AQM). It used a type-1 fuzzy inference system to improve the measurement accuracy of the low-cost sensors and to estimate the air quality index. Experiment tests are made in an indoor environment (home), where the obtained results have proved the effectiveness of the realized system. |
5,847 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of the neutral conductor current in a three-phase supplied network with nonlinear single-phase loads, and key words: Conductors, Intelligent networks, Power system harmonics, Power supplies, Voltage, Equations, Distortion measurement, Power measurement, Harmonic distortion, Power quality. Abstract: This paper describes what factors (i.e., load and supply) have an important effect on the neutral conductor current. It is shown that an asymmetry up to 10/spl deg/ or an unbalance of 10% in the power supply has only a minor effect on the RMS value of the neutral conductor current. An unbalance in load conditions increases the neutral conductor current. Harmonics in the power supply voltage highly affect the RMS value of the neutral conductor current. |
5,848 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Two-Element Array Antenna, and key words: Phased arrays, Mutual coupling, Azimuth, Dipole antennas, Antenna theory, Numerical simulation, Mathematical model. Abstract: A challenge in array antenna theory is to obtain an array with a maximally selective array factor implemented with minimum number of radiators. The simplest array antenna consists of two radiators only. This paper presents an approach for designing such an array antenna with an array factor with the following properties: two-dimensional selectivity of the main lobe with an arbitrary half-power beamwidth (HPBW), absence of side lobes, arbitrary distance between the elements, azimuthal steering of the main lobe without appearance of side lobes. The proposed theory is verified using numerical simulations. In addition, a new closed form expression for the HPBW for binomial array antennas is proposed. |
5,849 | Please write an abstract with title: Exponential Stabilization of Port-Hamiltonian Boundary Control Systems via Energy Shaping, and key words: Damping, Control theory, Stability, Closed loop systems, Convergence, Regulators. Abstract: This article is concerned with the exponential stabilization of a class of linear boundary control systems (BCSs) in port-Hamiltonian form through energy shaping. Starting from a first feedback loop that is in charge of modifying the Hamiltonian function of the plant, a second control loop that guarantees exponential convergence to the equilibrium is designed. In this way, a major limitation of standard energy shaping plus damping injection control laws applied to linear port-Hamiltonian BCSs, namely the fact that only asymptotic convergence is assured, has been removed. |
5,850 | Please write an abstract with title: An Approach to Noise Rejection and Partial Discharge Separation in DC Cable Testing, During Steady State and Voltage Polarity Inversion Transients, and key words: Partial discharges, Quality control, Cable insulation, Steady-state, Transient analysis, Monitoring, Testing. Abstract: Quality control, commissioning and operation of DC cable systems (and, in general, electrical apparatus) require PD testing and monitoring technologies that are effective in rejecting noise and identifying partial discharges and their source, both under DC and AC power supply. Such technologies are not fully available at present, so that this paper presents a contribution to make them feasible. A new algorithm is suggested that may be effective to separate partial discharges from noise both under steady-state DC and during voltage transients, through an automatic and unsupervised approach which looks very promising for laboratory and on-field testing and monitoring of partial discharges in DC cable systems. |
5,851 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Agent Approach to SOFC-Based Generation System Control, and key words: Software packages, Systems operation, Software algorithms, Control systems, Solids, Steady-state, Voltage control. Abstract: The problem of the optimal control for a SOFT-based generation system is being solved with a multi-agent approach which allows to take into account the environmental friendliness and low maneuverability of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). For the SOFT-based generation system, a SOFC-agent and a load-agent have been created. Algorithms for the agent operation have been developed. To study the multi-agent control system effectiveness, the JADE platform and the RastrWin software package have been used. In the JADE simulation environment, an interaction model of the SOFT-based generation system agents with other agents within distributed energy system (DES) has been developed and investigated. Using the RastrWin platform, a simulation model of the DES electrical network has been implemented and the indicators of steady-state operating modes of the SOFT-based generation system have been investigated. The research results have shown the positive effects achieved when using a multi-agent control system (complete use of the SOFC generated electricity, ensuring the required voltage level on the buses of consumers with a SOFC power plant). |
5,852 | Please write an abstract with title: A Smart Design of Hardware Trojan and Differential Fault Analysis in AES, and key words: Trojan horses, Hardware, Circuit faults, Encryption, Registers, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: Hardware Trojan is an additional circuit with malicious functions in integrated circuit (IC), which can leak the secret information of integrated circuit under rare conditions. In this paper, we propose a hardware Trojan of small scale and low trigger probability in AES encryption circuit, which can inject fault in AES circuit. And we can get the key information in AES circuit by differential fault analysis. The result of attack experiment on the FPGA chip shows that two groups of correct ciphertext and wrong ciphertext can be used to restore the whole key in AES, and it only takes 5s. |
5,853 | Please write an abstract with title: FES-RF: A Feature Ensemble Selection Based Random Forest Method For Accurate Cancer Screening, and key words: Codes, Statistical analysis, Biological system modeling, Conferences, Forestry, Biomedical measurement, Task analysis. Abstract: The diagnosis and analysis of cancer are usually roughly judged through the accumulation of professional knowledge, which is difficult to deal with a large number of patient samples and a variety of causes and symptoms. Moreover, most of the existing machine learning methods are black-box, and can not give reasonable diagnosis basis. Therefore, an accurate and interpretable method is urgently required for cancer diagnosis. In this paper, a total of 700 serum samples consisting of three groups of patients and one group of healthy individuals were collected and subjected to SERS measurements. We rank the Raman spectra of 700 human SERA according to the feature importance, and construct the feature importance vector reflecting the spectral feature importance. We further construct candidate feature sets based on importance selection, so as to construct a random forest model based on feature ensemble selection. On the one hand, we compare the proposed method with the popular machine learning methods to verify the effectiveness in the task of cancer screening. On the other hand, we conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of cancer characteristics, and give model basis and biomedical explanation for the impact of different important cancer characteristics on the final classification and diagnosis. Some more experimental results and discussions are included in the appendix. Our source code and appendix are available under https://github.com/liujiatong429/BIBM2021 |
5,854 | Please write an abstract with title: Co-simulation of an electrical distribution network and its supervision communication network, and key words: Wireless communication, Scalability, Distribution networks, Quality of service, Smart grids, Power system reliability, Communication networks. Abstract: Smart grids require the large-scale deployment of communication means to interconnect the electrical devices and to autonomously pilot their management. Hence, interconnected tools from both the communication and the power system communities are required in order to adequately simulate the mutual dependencies between these two infrastructures. In this paper, we propose an open-source co-simulation framework for evaluating the mutual impacts between an electrical distribution network and its supervision communication network. A case study dealing with line congestion mitigation is presented to illustrate the versatility of our tool. |
5,855 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of size of tree crown on aerial image using circle unification, and key words: Image analysis, Brightness, Pixel, Shape, Fractals, Image processing, Earth, Insects, Condition monitoring, Area measurement. Abstract: This paper presents an image processing method to calculate tree crown area. At first, the crown and its components are displayed with circles. Then, circles that include little tree area are deleted and other circles are unified to each crown area. The method using circle unification was adapted to aerial images and individual crown area was computed. |
5,856 | Please write an abstract with title: Radiation patterns of finite-size corner-reflector antennas, and key words: Antenna radiation patterns, Reflector antennas, Apertures, Antennas and propagation, Dipole antennas, Scattering, VHF circuits, Antenna measurements, Testing, Antenna theory. Abstract: Radiation patterns were measured for corner-reflector antennas having various combinations of widths and lengths of the reflecting surfaces. The widths of these ranged from 1 to 10 wavelengths, the lengths from 0.5 to 5 wavelengths. The aperture angle was, in general, set at a value required to maximize the gain. Radiation patterns are arranged according to the size of the reflecting surfaces. The effect of the widths and lengths of the surfaces on the widths of the main lobe and on the level of the radiation to the rear is summarized in a series of curves. A corner-reflector antenna with a collinear array of dipoles was designed, constructed, and tested to have sidelobe radiation below -40-db level. |
5,857 | Please write an abstract with title: A probabilistic approach to power system network planning under uncertainties, and key words: Power system planning, Uncertainty, Power generation, Data mining, Robustness, Power system simulation, Relational databases, Data security, Power system security, Statistics. Abstract: This work proposes a methodology and a practical tool for the study of long-term network planning under uncertainties. In this approach the major external uncertainties during the planning horizon are modeled as macroscenarios at different future time instants. On the other hand, the random nature of actual operating conditions is taken into account by using a probabilistic model of microscenarios based on past statistics. Massive Monte-Carlo simulations are used to generate and simulate a large number of scenarios and store the detailed results in a relational database. Data mining techniques are then applied to extract information from the database so as to rank scenarios and network reinforcements according to different criteria. |
5,858 | Please write an abstract with title: Compact SiGe HBT low noise amplifiers for 3.1-10.6 GHz ultra-wideband applications, and key words: Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Low-noise amplifiers, Ultra wideband technology, Circuit noise, Noise figure, Bandwidth, Current measurement, Semiconductor device measurement. Abstract: Two compact SiGe HBT low noise amplifiers for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications are presented. The measured noise figure of the first approach is 2.4dB at 7GHz and below 2.9dB in the UWB bandwidth from 3.1GHz up to 10.6GHz. The circuit delivers 17.3dB peak gain with gain variations of less than 1.6dB within the entire band. The measured input 1-dB compression point at 7GHz is -13.5dBm with 16.6mA total current consumption from a 3.3V supply. The second approach exhibits noise figures between 2.8dB and 3.2dB within the UWB band. Measurements show 23.5dB of gain with 0.6dB variation over the full bandwidth. The measured input 1-dB compression point at 7GHz is -19.5dBm with a 18.2mA bias current at a 3.0V supply. The first and second design occupy a chip size of 0.39mm times 0.38mm and 0.44mm times 0.38 mm, respectively |
5,859 | Please write an abstract with title: Feature Fusion Transformer Network for Natural Language Inference, and key words: Recurrent neural networks, Mechatronics, Automation, Convolution, Feature extraction, Transformers, Natural language processing. Abstract: Natural Language Inference (NLI) is a branch of Natural Language Processing (NLP) whose main task is to determine the relationship between a sentence pair (two sentences). Early attempts were made to use Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) to solve such problems, butit was difficult to achieve ideal results. Until the last few years, satisfactory results have been achieved using various methods based on attention mechanisms. Attention mechanism has unique advantages in a wide range of receptive fields, but it is difficult to extract local structure features effectively, while neural networks represented by CNN are good at local feature extraction. Therefore, we first verified the above point by experiments, then proposed the inference network models Feature Fusion Transformer Network (FFTN). The model is improved based on the Transformer model structure, retaining the non-local feature extraction advantages of the self-attention mechanism, combining the convolution method to enhance the feature attention of the local domain, and efficiently combining local and non-local features. Finally, excellent accuracy performance is achieved on the SNLI and MultiNLI datasets. |
5,860 | Please write an abstract with title: A Concept for Detection of Humidity-Driven Degradation of IGBT Modules, and key words: Voltage measurement, Degradation, Leakage currents, Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Humidity, Semiconductor device measurement, Breakdown voltage. Abstract: Degradation caused by humidity affects the blocking characteristic of an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module, leading to an increased leakage current and/or a reduced voltage blocking capability. The proposed measurement system enables the in situ detection of decreased breakdown voltage and increased leakage current. Thus, it can assess the degradation level of power modules when installed in a converter. This test is intended primarily for wind power converters and can be part of the start-up procedure of the system. The working principle has been validated on predamaged power modules arranged in half-bridge configuration, using a demonstrator implementation of the proposed approach in laboratory experiments. Due to the simplicity of the circuit, this concept is easy to integrate in existing inverter systems at a comparatively low cost. |
5,861 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating the Eavesdropper Entropy via Bloch-Messiah Decomposition, and key words: Phase shift keying, Protocols, Upper bound, Thermal decomposition, Phase shifters, Modulation, Computer architecture. Abstract: We explore the Bloch-Messiah decomposition of Gaussian unitary to analyze the Entangling Cloner Attack performed by an eavesdropper on a discrete modulated continuous variable QKD scenario. Such a decomposition allows to replace the nonlinear unitary resulting from eavesdropping and tracing out Bob’s mode into an architecture of single-mode operations (squeezers, phase shifters and displacements) and a two-mode beam splitter. Based on such architecture we were able to get tighter upper bounds to the eavesdropper entropy for a discrete modulated CVQKD scheme. The new bounds are justified from the Gaussian extremality property valid for entangled-based equivalent protocols. |
5,862 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and implementation of the scalable multicast balanced gamma (BG) switch, and key words: Switches, Communication switching, Communication system traffic control, CMOS technology, Broadband communication, Distributed control, Unicast, Very large scale integration, Fabrics, Scalability. Abstract: The paper presents the design and implementation of a new multicast switch for broadband communications. Using distributed control and modular design, the multicast balanced gamma (BG) switch features a scalable, high performance architecture for unicast, multicast and combined traffic under both uniform and non-uniform traffic conditions. The important design characteristic of the switch is that a distributed cell replication function for multicast cells is integrated into the functionality of the switching element (SE) with the self-routing and conflict contention functions. We discuss in detail the design issues associated with the multicast functionality of the switch. VLSI implementation results for the BG switch fabric using 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology are presented. Scalability and performance properties of the multicast BG switch are also briefly discussed. |
5,863 | Please write an abstract with title: Low DC-power ku-band differential VCO based on an RTD/HBT MMIC technology, and key words: Voltage-controlled oscillators, Heterojunction bipolar transistors, MMICs, Energy consumption, Phase noise, Fabrication, Resonant tunneling devices, Diodes, Power generation, Low voltage. Abstract: This letter presents the design and fabrication of a Ku-band differential-mode voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with extremely low power consumption and good phase noise characteristics based on a monolithic InP-based resonant tunneling diode/heterojunction bipolar transistor (RTD)/(HBT) technology. In order to reduce the power consumption, an InP-based RTD is used for microwave power generation, which shows the negative resistance characteristics at a low voltage. The fabricated VCO shows an extremely low dc power consumption of 1.42mW and fairly good phase noise performance of -112 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz frequency offset. The figure-of-merit (FOM), which is used for comparing the performance of the fabricated oscillator with the previously reported results, was obtained to be -195 dBc/Hz. The obtained FOM is one of the best values among Ku-band differential VCOs reported so far. |
5,864 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Pump Control for Water Distribution Networks via Data-Based Distributional Robustness, and key words: Valves, Stochastic processes, Training, Water conservation, Reservoirs, Junctions, Hydraulic systems. Abstract: In this article, we propose a data-based methodology to solve a multiperiod stochastic optimal water flow (OWF) problem for water distribution networks (WDNs). The framework explicitly considers the pump schedule and water network head level with limited information of demand forecast errors for an extended period simulation. The objective is to determine the optimal feedback decisions of network-connected components, such as nominal pump schedules and tank head levels and reserve policies, which specify device reactions to forecast errors for accommodation of fluctuating water demand. Instead of assuming that the uncertainties across the water network are generated by a prescribed certain distribution, we consider ambiguity sets of distributions centered at an empirical distribution, which is based directly on a finite training dataset. We use a distance-based ambiguity set with the Wasserstein metric to quantify the distance between the real unknown data-generating distribution and the empirical distribution. This allows our multiperiod OWF framework to trade off system performance and inherent sampling errors in the training dataset. Case studies on a three-tank WDN systematically illustrate the tradeoff between pump operational cost, risks of constraint violation, and out-of-sample performance. |
5,865 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterizing and Exploiting Soft Error Vulnerability Phase Behavior in GPU Applications, and key words: Graphics processing units, Transient analysis, Circuit faults, Kernel, Resilience, Hardware, Reliability. Abstract: System reliability has become a first-class design constraint. As the use of Graphics Processing Units (GPU) continues to increase in compute applications, including High Performance Computing (HPC) and safety-critical applications, so do the number of transient faults in GPUs. However, our understanding of the potential impact of transient fault propagation in GPU applications remains limited. This study shows that the resilience characteristics of GPU programs change significantly during program execution and these characteristics show repetitive, time-varying behavior. Interestingly, these repetitive, time-varying, resilience characteristics of GPU programs do not align or correlate well with the performance phases of GPU programs. Furthermore, this work discovers and validates that temporal changes in the vulnerability behavior during a kernel execution tends to coincide with changes in basic block execution paths. Finally, we demonstrate how these observations can be exploited to accelerate the fault injection campaigns for reliability assessment of GPU programs by an order of magnitude and open opportunities for designing other effective resilience mitigation strategies. |
5,866 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time range imaging for dynamic scenes using colour-edge based structured light, and key words: Dynamic range, Layout, Cameras, Colored noise, Optical reflection, Acoustic reflection, Optical imaging, Lungs, Computed tomography, Man machine systems. Abstract: A novel real time 3D-data acquisition system for highly dynamic scenes is presented. It is based on colour coded structured light using a single projection pattern. Existing systems utilising this approach are usually limited to scenes with neutral surfaces or not very robust. The presented system overcomes these shortcomings by using an innovative approach for recognising the projected pattern based on colour edges. The low-cost system is integrated using off-the-shelf components only. Experimental results are presented including a report on the successful use of the system with a 3D gesture recognition application. |
5,867 | Please write an abstract with title: An Approach for Process FMEA Based on Blackboard Structure and Semantics, and key words: Databases, Ontologies, Semantics, Reliability, Process control, Aircraft, Skin. Abstract: Nowadays, the mainstream researches of FMEA (Failure Mode Effect Analysis) are mostly about products, the few process FMEA researches often ignore the influences of single process failure on the whole manufacture process, or are just failure modes arranging without considering the further influence of process failure. So, in this article, we firstly build a process mode and process failure mode knowledge database using ontology in order to deal with the complicated production process knowledge. Secondly, we build a blackboard structure, which can use our ontology database and semantics to execute process FMEA automatically. Being exemplified by the analysis of a aircraft skin, the present study demonstrates that all approaches are feasible, efficient, and could be applied in real engineering scenarios. |
5,868 | Please write an abstract with title: Packaged Microbottle Resonator for Flow Rate Sensing, and key words: Sensitivity, Asia, Minimization, Robustness, Sensors, Photonics. Abstract: We demonstrate a flow rate sensor with high sensitivity by a packaged microbottle resonator, and the maximum flow rate sensitivity of 0.285 pm/(m/s) is achieved by analyzing different resonant modes. |
5,869 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of High Power Density 100 kW Surface Permanent Magnet Machine with No Heavy Rare Earth Material Using Current Source Inverter for Traction Application, and key words: Performance evaluation, Permanent magnet machines, Power system measurements, Density measurement, Rotors, Permanent magnets, Inverters. Abstract: Surface permanent magnet (SPM) machines are appealing candidates for traction applications because of high power density and high efficiency. Rare-earth magnets deliver high performance but raise concerns about material supply dependability, particularly if they use heavy rare-earth materials. This paper presents the design of a high-performance SPM machine without any heavy rare-earth material that is optimized specifically for a current-source inverter (CSI) traction drive. This machine is designed for a constant-power speed ratio (CPSR) of 3. A genetic algorithm has been performed to achieve a target of 50 kW/L active power density at speeds up to 20,000 rpm. Operation at a peak line-to-line voltage of 800 V can be achieved using 1200 V power devices with a safety margin. The predicted electromagnetic and rotor structural performance characteristics are presented using both analytical and finite element analysis (FEA) results. |
5,870 | Please write an abstract with title: TDM-Stargan: Stargan Using Time Difference Map to Generate Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Mri from Ultrafast Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Mri, and key words: Measurement, Magnetic resonance imaging, Semisupervised learning, Generative adversarial networks, Breast cancer, Delays, Lesions. Abstract: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a sensitive imaging technique to manage many types of cancer including breast cancer. The conventional DCE-MRI takes a long time (7-12 minutes) to acquire and there is a clinical need to reduce scan time. Ultrafast DCE-MRI takes less than a minute to acquire and has sufficient information relative to conventional DCE-MRI. We propose a generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate the delay phase of synthetic conventional DCE-MRI from ultrafast DCE-MRI. We allow our model to better generate the area expected to be a lesion through the difference map of different phases to incorporate time-varying enhancement patterns. The difference map also allows us to generate pseudo tumor labels for segmentation. Our approach was trained and tested on 300 cases using three evaluation metrics. Our method showed better performance (structural similarity index map increase of 11.69%) compared to Pix2Pix baseline method. |
5,871 | Please write an abstract with title: Techniques for the simulation of large-scale integrated circuits, and key words: Integrated circuit modeling, Large scale integration, Computational modeling, Circuit analysis computing, Timing, Logic circuits, Integrated circuit packaging, Performance analysis, Circuit simulation, MOS devices. Abstract: New techniques for the efficient simulation of large-scale integrated MOS circults are described. These techniques have been implemented in the computer program SPLICE which combines circuit, timing, and logic analyzes in a single package. The use of SOR-Newton methods permits all three forms of analysis to be performed simultaneously, while event-control is used to enhance execution speed. The performance of SPLICE for the simulation of large NMOs circuits is also described. |
5,872 | Please write an abstract with title: Fault tolerant solid state mass memory for space applications, and key words: Fault tolerance, Solid state circuits, Aerospace electronics, Space technology, Costs, Memory architecture, Error correction codes, DRAM chips, Control systems, Fault tolerant systems. Abstract: In this paper, an innovative fault tolerant solid state mass memory (FTSSMM) architecture is described. Solid state mass memories (SSMMs) are particularly suitable for space applications and more in general for harsh environments such us, for example, nuclear accelerators or avionics. The presented FTSSMM design has been entirely based on commercial off the shelf (COTS) components. In fact, cost competitive and very high performance SSMMs cannot be easily implemented by using space qualified components, due the technological gap and very high cost characterizing these components. In order to match the severe reliability requirements of space applications a COTS-based apparatus must be designed by using suitable system level methodologies (Kluth, 1996 and Fichna, 1998). In the proposed architecture, error-correcting codes are used to strengthen the commercial dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chips, while the system controller has been designed by applying suitable fault tolerant design techniques. Different from other proposed solutions, our architecture fully exploits the reconfiguration capabilities of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, discriminates between permanent and transient faults reducing the use of spare elements, and provides dynamic reconfiguration and graceful degradation capability, i.e., the FTSSMM performances are gracefully reduced in case of permanent faults, maintaining part of the system functionality. The paper shows the FTSSMM design methodology, the architecture, the reliability analysis, some simulation results, and a description of its implementation based on fast prototyping techniques. |
5,873 | Please write an abstract with title: On three-dimensional layout of de Bruijn networks, and key words: Very large scale integration, Circuits, Concurrent computing, Electronic mail, Computer networks, Costs, Volume measurement, Viterbi algorithm, Decoding, Wiring. Abstract: The de Bruijn networks are well-known as suitable structures for parallel computations such as FFT. This paper shows an efficient 3D VLSI layout of the de Bruijn network with optimal volume and near optimal wire-length. Our layout consists of a number of copies of a single 2D VLSI layout for a subnetwork of the de Bruijn network. |
5,874 | Please write an abstract with title: Reinforcement Learning using Physics Inspired Graph Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Transfer learning, Reinforcement learning, Feature extraction, Inverters, Robustness, Topology. Abstract: In this work, we propose a physics inspired Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCN)-Reinforcement Learning (RL) architecture to train online controllers policies for the optimal selection of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) set-points. While the use of GCN is compatible with any DRL scheme, we test it in combination with the popular proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm and, as application, we consider the selection of set-points for Volt/Var and Volt/Watt control logic of smart inverters as the case study for DER control. We are able to show numerically that the GCN scheme is more effective than various benchmarks in regulating voltage and miti-gating undesirable voltage dynamics generated by cyber-attacks. In addition to exploring the performance of GCN for a given network, we investigate the case of grids that are dynamically changing due to topology or line parameters variations. We test the robustness of GCN-RL policies against small perturbations and evaluate the scheme so called “transfer learning” capabilities. |
5,875 | Please write an abstract with title: Inverse polynomial transform algorithms for DFTs and convolutions, and key words: Polynomials, Discrete Fourier transforms, Multidimensional systems, Discrete transforms, Noise reduction, Laboratories, Computational complexity, Arithmetic, Equations. Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a new fast computation algorithm for multidimensional DFTs. This method uses inverse polynomial transforms to perform an efficient mapping of multidimensional DFTS into one-dimensional DFTs in a way similar to earlier polynomial transform techniques, but with all operations performed in reversed order. This is shown to yield fast DFT algorithms which retain the basic advantages related to the use of polynomial transforms while allowing a significant reduction in round-off noise. We then combine the direct and inverse polynomial transform methods to derive new fast algorithms for multidimensional convolutions. |
5,876 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental study of slit selection for an arc channel schlieren observation system, and key words: Technological innovation, Insulation, Electrooculography, Power transmission, Lightning, Arc discharges, Apertures. Abstract: When the external insulation of a power transmission system is subjected to severe lightning and operating surges, the leader discharge would form an arc channel resulting in the system failure. Thermal parameters are the key parameters in the study of arc channels, and can be obtained through schlieren measurement. In this paper, an arc channels' schlieren observation platform is built, a calibration curve for the arc channels' schlieren observation system is established by this platform; the optimal slit for arc discharge schlieren observation is selected through the calibration curve established before, and the arc channels' schlieren observation test is verified by calculation. The results show that the biggest square slit is the best for arc channels' schlieren observation and the smallest diameter slit is the worst. This paper provided guidance for the selection of slits for subsequent schlieren measurements. |
5,877 | Please write an abstract with title: Age-Oriented Face Synthesis With Conditional Discriminator Pool and Adversarial Triplet Loss, and key words: Faces, Generators, Generative adversarial networks, Task analysis, Aging, Training, Games. Abstract: The vanilla Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are commonly used to generate realistic images depicting aged and rejuvenated faces. However, the performance of such vanilla GANs in the age-oriented face synthesis task is often compromised by the mode collapse issue, which may produce poorly synthesized faces with indistinguishable visual variations. In addition, recent age-oriented face synthesis methods use the L1 or L2 constraint to preserve the identity information in synthesized faces, which implicitly limits the identity permanence capabilities when these constraints are associated with a trivial weighting factor. In this paper, we propose a method for the age-oriented face synthesis task that achieves high synthesis accuracy with strong identity permanence capabilities. Specifically, to achieve high synthesis accuracy, our method tackles the mode collapse issue with a novel Conditional Discriminator Pool, which consists of multiple discriminators, each targeting one particular age category. To achieve strong identity permanence capabilities, our method uses a novel Adversarial Triplet loss. This loss, which is based on the Triplet loss, adds a ranking operation to further pull the positive embedding towards the anchor embedding to significantly reduce intra-class variances in the feature space. Through extensive experiments, we show that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of synthesis accuracy and identity permanence capabilities, both qualitatively and quantitatively. |
5,878 | Please write an abstract with title: User Perspective on Usages and Privacy of eHealth Systems in Bangladesh: A Dhaka based Survey, and key words: Computer science, Privacy, Data privacy, Conferences, Employment, Education, Developing countries. Abstract: Electronic Health (eHealth)systems and devices are getting popular in developing countries due to many benefits to the users. To improve wider users’ acceptance of eHealth systems in developing countries, eHealth community needs a clear understanding of user’ expectations and needs which may not be the same as developed countries due to differences in education, socio-economic status, social values and beliefs. This paper contributes to the understanding of users’perspectives on usages and privacy aspects of the eHealth systems and devices in Bangladesh. In this study, the participants who were 18 years or older were randomly selected across Dhaka for the electronic response to the survey questions. The survey result shows that 64% of the young generation under 35 years of age are not seriously concern about the privacy of their general and personal health information, though it is a primary concern to most of the people in Bangladesh. Regarding the consequences of disclosing health information to others, female respondents were more reactive than their counterparts. |
5,879 | Please write an abstract with title: A hybrid OCC-LiFi system with dimming capability, and key words: Codes, Computer simulation, Light fidelity, Particle measurements, Cameras, Optical fiber communication, Decoding. Abstract: This paper introduces a hybrid system that simultaneously provides two communication links, a Light Fidelity (LiFi) link and an Optical Camera Communications (OCC) link. It aims to take advantage of OCC to support LiFi in a mobile scenario with reduced alignment constraints. Novel codes are proposed to enable OCC modulation and dimming control, while Augmented Spectral Efficiency Discrete Multitone (ASE-DMT) is selected as a high spectral-and-energy efficient LiFi modulation technique. An experimental demonstration, supported by computer simulations, shows the high performance of the system. Particularly, during the simultaneous OCC-LiFi transmission and dimming control, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of at least 25 dB is achieved in various measurements from both OCC and LiFi decoders. Also, a data rate gain of 18.75 kbps is achieved by the OCC link in the hybrid system when compared to the LiFi link at the communication bandwidth of 20 MHz. |
5,880 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Optimized Pedestrian Detection Based on Sliding Window, and key words: Training, Support vector machines, Deep learning, Histograms, Conferences, Feature extraction, Market research. Abstract: Pedestrian detection is a key part of image processing technology, which needs to accurately identify the pedestrian’s images. How to improve the robustness of the detection algorithm while maintaining high detection efficiency has always been a research topic. This paper first introduces the application of pedestrian detection, then discusses the current research, and introduces the principle of Histogram of Oriented Gradient feature extraction and Support Vector Machine classifier based on a sliding window. This study helps to enhance the contrast of the test image by histogram equalization and then uses multiple training methods to improve the performance of the model. Experiments are carried out by using a self-built training set and test set, and the test results show good results. |
5,881 | Please write an abstract with title: Prediction method of green transportation carbon emission in smart city based on gray joint algorithm, and key words: Support vector machines, Automation, Smart cities, Fitting, Carbon dioxide, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of green transportation carbon emission prediction in smart city, this paper proposes a new green transportation carbon emission prediction method based on gray joint algorithm. This method first analyzes the factors that affect the green transportation carbon emission of smart city, and selects the carbon emission intensity and urban energy efficiency as the key factors to calculate. Based on the calculation results, support vector machine is used to solve the linear prediction problem of traffic carbon emissions. The result of support vector regression is regarded as gray value, and the gray value fitting calculation is completed by using accumulation method. Based on the gray value calculation results, combined with the residual calculation results, the gray prediction model of carbon emission is constructed, and the prediction of green transportation carbon emission in smart city is significantly improved. |
5,882 | Please write an abstract with title: Keynote Talk 1: AI and Psychology, and key words: Artificial intelligence, Robots, Psychology, Media, Visual communication, Multimedia communication, Information science. Abstract: Recent development of AI technology may make it possible to construct a robot which behaves as if it has mind from the view point of humans. This research will be interested in both basic science in which we consider what is mind and how the mind works an d AI technology in which we will develop robot easier to be used. From this view point, RIKEN started a new project called temporarily. Psychology based AI Robotics. In this talk, I will give you a rough sketch of how phycology will be used in AI and Robotics. |
5,883 | Please write an abstract with title: High-G Shock Reliability of 3-D Integrated Structure Microsystem Based on Finite Element Simulation, and key words: Strain, Electric shock, Stress, Loading, Through-silicon vias, Substrates, Reliability. Abstract: In order to understand high-G shock reliability of the 3-D integrated structure microsystem (3-D-ISM), it is studied by the finite element method (FEM). First, a numerical model of the 3-D-ISM is established for simulation. Then, appropriate elements are used to discretize the geometry, and certain initial and boundary conditions are enforced. Acceleration up to 20000 G is applied to the high-G shock simulation process. The simulation results showed that the filler can significantly improve the high-G shock reliability of the 3-D-ISM. And by filling with the filler, the 3-D-ISM under different loading types and different substrates can meet the strength requirement after being subjected to the high-G shock. This study could provide reliability prediction for the designed 3-D-ISM. |
5,884 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Vehicle Speed Tracking Controller Based on The UniTire Model, and key words: Adaptation models, Adhesives, Software packages, Roads, Process control, Stability analysis, Tires. Abstract: In this paper, the characteristics of different roads and speeds can be expressed uniformly by using the Unitire model, and a speed tracking controller which can adapt to many kinds of roads and different speeds is established. The longitudinal force of the vehicle at the current moment is obtained from the tire model, the vehicle speed is serve as the input of the MPC controller; the optimization function takes the reference speed as the target, constrains the acceleration and the change of acceleration, and obtains the expected acceleration; the expected acceleration is taken as the input of the lower controller, and through the automobile inverse dynamic model, it is transformed into the control of engine throttle opening and brake master cylinder pressure. The simulation effects exhibit that the controller has well applicability on diverse roads and speeds, and maintains the speed tracking accuracy without losing the stability of the vehicle. |
5,885 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling and design of a novel high-sensitivity electric field silicon-on-insulator sensor based on a whispering-gallery-mode resonator, and key words: Silicon on insulator technology, Optical resonators, Optical scattering, Optical sensors, Capacitors, Optical losses, Fabry-Perot, Semiconductor process modeling, Capacitive sensors, Sensor phenomena and characterization. Abstract: In this paper, we present the modeling and design of a new approach to a miniaturized electric field sensor, based on a whispering-gallery-mode resonator coupled with a Fabry-Perot cavity in silicon-on-insulator technology. The sensing element consists of a metal oxide semiconductor capacitor, optimized to achieve high electrical sensitivity and low optical losses. The theoretical model of the whole sensor architecture includes the influence of all electrical and optical parameters, including thin oxide thickness, silicon and polysilicon doping concentration, optical losses due to propagation, absorption and scattering, wavelength and amplitude characteristics of the architecture, charge accumulation effects in the capacitor, and thermal effects. The very high sensitivity of this device, demonstrated by simulations, is due to the simultaneous influence of the two coupled resonators and the metal oxide semiconductor structure. |
5,886 | Please write an abstract with title: Probability Prediction of Short-term Wind Power Based on Quantile Regression Forest and Variable Bandwidth, and key words: Support vector machines, Uncertainty, Neural networks, Bandwidth, Forestry, Wind power generation, Predictive models. Abstract: It is important to predict the probability interval of wind power with uncertainty, which is usually applied to optimize the capacity of spinning reserve in electric power system. In order to quantify the confidence interval of the wind power prediction, a kind of probability prediction method called the quantile regression forests model(QRF) has been proposed to construct the non-linear mapping relations between multi-inputs and double-outputs, in which the clustering effect of different forecasting results is estimated by nonlinear regression analysis to obtain the lower-upper bounds of confidence interval under different confidence levels. Instead of the fixed bandwidth, an index of variable bandwidth based on the instantaneous mean value and standard deviation is proposed, in order to acquire the higher coverage rate and the narrower bandwidth. Case study suggests that it has a better application effect on probability interval prediction of wind power by the proposed method in the paper, compared with the BP neural network & Bayesian network & Support Vector Machines model. |
5,887 | Please write an abstract with title: Snafu: An Ultra-Low-Power, Energy-Minimal CGRA-Generation Framework and Architecture, and key words: Performance evaluation, Computer architecture, Switches, Spread spectrum communication, FinFETs, Fabrics, Energy efficiency. Abstract: Ultra-low-power (ULP) devices are becoming pervasive, enabling many emerging sensing applications. Energy-efficiency is paramount in these applications, as efficiency determines device lifetime in battery-powered deployments and performance in energy-harvesting deployments. Unfortunately, existing designs fall short because ASICs’ upfront costs are too high and prior ULP architectures are too inefficient or inflexible.We present Snafu, the first framework to flexibly generate ULP coarse-grain reconfigurable arrays (CGRAs). Snafu provides a standard interface for processing elements (PE), making it easy to integrate new types of PEs for new applications. Unlike prior high-performance, high-power CGRAs, Snafu is designed from the ground up to minimize energy consumption while maximizing flexibility. Snafu saves energy by configuring PEs and routers for a single operation to minimize switching activity; by minimizing buffering within the fabric; by implementing a statically routed, bufferless, multi-hop network; and by executing operations in-order to avoid expensive tag-token matching.We further present Snafu-Arch, a complete ULP system that integrates an instantiation of the Snafu fabric alongside a scalar RISC-V core and memory. We implement Snafu in RTL and evaluate it on an industrial sub-28 nm FinFET process across a suite of common sensing benchmarks. Snafu-Arch operates at <1 mW, orders-of-magnitude less power than most prior CGRAs. Snafu-Arch uses 41% less energy and runs 4.4× faster than the prior state-of-the-art general-purpose ULP architecture. Moreover, we conduct three comprehensive case-studies to quantify the cost of programmability in Snafu. We find that Snafu-Arch is close to ASIC designs built in the same technology, using just 2.6× more energy on average. |
5,888 | Please write an abstract with title: Server-Based Secure Key Management for the IEEE 802.15.6 standard, and key words: IEEE 802.15 Standard, Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Simulation, Authentication, Impersonation attacks, Encryption. Abstract: Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) connects a variety of sensor nodes that operate in close vicinity to, on or inside a human body. Recently, the IEEE Task Group 6 has established the first international WBANs standard, called IEEE 802.15.6. Since some communications can carry sensitive information, the standard provides for strong security by a security association procedure that identifies WBANs' nodes and the Body Network Coordinator (BNC) to each other. However, many security vulnerabilities are noticed in the above procedure, especially to the Key Compromise Impersonation (KCI) and the Impersonation attacks. In this paper, we design a secure key management and nodes authentication scheme, called Server-Based Secure Key Management for the IEEE 802.15.6 standard (SBSKM). The objective of the proposed scheme is to improve the IEEE 802.15.6 security by ensuring the encryption of all communications, starting from the beginning of the security association procedure. To that end, we extended the security architecture of the standard with a trusted server, responsible for the creation, initialization, and distribution of encryption keys as well as guarantee of the identity of the sensor nodes joining the network. Over Castalia simulator based on OMNeT++, expanded simulations have been performed and the results show the robustness of our solution which, on the one hand, allowed us to overcome the lack of authentication and confidentiality in the standard security scheme, and on the other hand, it doesn't lead to a reduction in the standard's performances. |
5,889 | Please write an abstract with title: Traffic Data Classification to Detect Man-in-the-Middle Attacks in Industrial Control System, and key words: Rails, Integrated circuits, Industries, Industrial control, Telecommunication traffic, Water conservation, Feature extraction. Abstract: Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are widely used in critical infrastructure in industries such as power, rail transit, and water conservancy. As the connection between the corporate network and the Internet continues to increase, the industrial control system has gradually become the target of hackers, which constantly threaten the personal safety of citizens. The Man-inthe-Middle (MITM) attack is one of the most famous attacks in the field of computer security. Once being used in the factory control network, it will not only cause data leakage, but also control the core industrial component PLC and cause serious security accidents. This paper proposes a method for classifying network traffic data in industrial control system to detect MITM attacks. In the simulation experiment, the method can identify normal and abnonnal data packets that have been tampered by the MITM, and the classification accuracy is up to 99.74%. |
5,890 | Please write an abstract with title: Response of a simple dependent switched capacitor circuit to a pulse-train input, and key words: Switched capacitor circuits, Pulse circuits, RLC circuits, Chaos, Switches, Switching circuits, Personal communication networks, Circuit testing, Threshold voltage, Image processing. Abstract: This paper studies a simple nonautonomous circuit consisting of an RLC resonator, a dependent switch and a periodic pulse-train input. The circuit can exhibit chaotic behavior if an equidistant pulse-train input is applied. The dynamics can be analyzed by a mapping procedure based on a one-dimensional (1-D) return map focusing on the moments when the input is applied. If the periodic pulse-train input is nonequidistant, the dynamics can be analyzed by a composite of different 1-D return maps corresponding to different pulse intervals. We show typical chaotic and periodic phenomena in this case. Using a simple test circuit, we can verify typical phenomena in the laboratory. |
5,891 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Simulation of an Automated Domestic Helper Robot for Home Isolated COVID-19 Patients, and key words: COVID-19, Pandemics, Force, Medical services, Robots, Diseases. Abstract: COVID-19 is a disease that is spreading exponentially worldwide. This pandemic situation proved that doctors, nurses, and front-line workers are real-life heroes. The patients and their family affected due to COVID-19 are increasing drastically. Family members who treat the patients wear all their personal protective accessories and clothes, yet, they get influenced as well. Family members can’t be in direct contact with the patients frequently since the probability of spread is high. The patients need to be served with food, medicines, and other required things on a regular time basis. To reduce the spread, human force, and to maintain a strategic distance fromCOVID-19 affected patients, the best way is to utilize an COVID-19 Assist Robot (COBOT) to carry the essentials and transport it to the patient's room as per the line map given. A home environment that depicts the isolated ward with the COVID-19 affected patients is created using webots. The robots are simulated with the environment as such two robots take care of the left half and the other two robots take care of the right half of the isolated ward. |
5,892 | Please write an abstract with title: PR and PP ECG intervals as indicators of autonomic nervous innervation of the cardiac sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, and key words: Electrocardiography, Heart, Autonomic nervous system, Blood pressure, Protocols, Educational institutions, Human anatomy, Physiology, Hospitals, Data analysis. Abstract: Two different methods to elucidate the dependent or independent nature of the autonomic nervous system influence on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes are considered. ECG PP and PR intervals are extracted from 20 normal, young healthy subjects using a wavelet based technique. The first analysis technique focuses upon a supine to stand transition. This transient event serves to highlight the uncoupled nature of PP and PR interval duration for about five beats, suggesting an independent ANS drive to each node. Secondly, sections of quiet supine and standing data are analyzed. Parametric spectral analysis shows variable LF and HF component behavior across different subjects. The relative distribution of recovery RP intervals versus PR for supine and standing are clearly separate for 10 different subjects and borderline for 5. Large intersubject variation is evident. |
5,893 | Please write an abstract with title: Device-Free Localization Scheme With Time-Varying Gestures Using Block Compressive Sensing, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Wireless communication, Dictionaries, Sensors, Compressed sensing, Inference algorithms, Communication system security. Abstract: In Device-Free Localization (DFL) schemes, most researches assume that the targets are stationary with fixed gestures and motions. However, objects always change their gestures in practice, undoubtedly influencing the localization accuracy. To solve the issue, we propose a new algorithm named Ges-DFL under the Compressive Sensing (CS) framework, which considers the time-varying target gestures in the DFL scheme. Firstly, leaning that the matrixes referring to different target gestures cannot be achieved, we transfer them to a fixed sensing matrix by the transferring method. Secondly, we build the localization scheme as an MMV recovery issue and exploit the block sparsity property of transferred location vectors to improve the localization accuracy. Thirdly, the new algorithm Ges-DFL scheme is designed under the framework of the variational Bayesian inference to reconstruct transferred location vectors. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm performs well both in localization accuracy and robustness. |
5,894 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Integrated Distribution Transformer with Vacuum Circuit Breaker, and key words: Temperature distribution, Circuit breakers, Oil insulation, Finite element analysis, Electric fields, Integrated circuit reliability, Wrapping. Abstract: Transformer is the most important component of power transmission and distribution system. An integrated distribution transformer is developed in this paper, which is suitable for harsh environments. Vacuum circuit breaker is adopted as the high-voltage switch of the transformer. In order to improve the protection ability and operation reliability of the transformer, vacuum circuit breaker and transformer body are encapsulated in the oil tank together. The transformer internal structure is optimized. The electric field and the temperature field inside the transformer are simulated and analyzed, so as to obtain the reasonable insulation and heat dissipation design. |
5,895 | Please write an abstract with title: Orientation of z-pinch instabilities from an intense aurora as recorded in antiquity: South America, and key words: South America, Electrons, Plasmas, Differential equations, Laboratories, Magnetic analysis, Global Positioning System, Databases, Space technology, Physics. Abstract: Summary form only given. In the first presentation we reported an analysis of a GPS database of petroglyphs recorded in the western US and British Columbia. These results indicated that a plasma flowing into the Earth's south magnetic pole produced an intense aurora seen worldwide. In this paper we report the findings of logged petroglyphs in Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guyana and northern Brazil as well as some preliminary results from 93 countries. With decreasing longitude towards the Greenwich Meridian, petroglyphs appear to take on an increasingly easterly orientation. This swing from south to east can be tracked through the eastern US and the Caribbean Islands to the petroglyph sites shown below (dots), between 0 and 8 degrees north and 51 to 62 degrees west. The morphological types of petroglyphs oriented eastwards appear to belong to instabilities much further out in the inflowing plasma. This suggests that the plasma, at least intense enough to to be seen at dawn and/or dusk, curved in from the east to flow inwards along the Earth's southern magnetic pole. |
5,896 | Please write an abstract with title: Noise removal and contrast enhancement in fundus images via morphological operations, and key words: Image analysis, Noise reduction, Morphology, Transforms, Filtering algorithms, Retina, Cardiovascular diseases. Abstract: Retinal images or fundus images are used to support the diagnosis of eye diseases and cardiovascular diseases. However, if these images present poor quality such as noise, low contrast or poor details, they may not be useful for diagnosis, especially in automated image analysis systems. In this paper, a scheme for noise reduction and contrast enhancement of fundus images is presented. This approach is based on mathematical morphology operations and consists of two steps. In the first step, the Open-Close Close-Open (OCCO) morphological filter is used to smooth the image. In the second step, a contrast enhancement algorithm based on the top-hat transform is used. The proposed approach obtains better results in terms of noise reduction and contrast enhancement compared to state-of-the-art methods. |
5,897 | Please write an abstract with title: A systematic approach for closer integration of cellular and Internet services, and key words: Web and internet services, Land mobile radio cellular systems, IP networks, Bandwidth, Computer architecture, Sun, Roads, Message service, Access protocols, XML. Abstract: The road to 4G runs through 3G, 2G and 2.5G networks. Until 3G is deployed ubiquitously, 2-2.5G networks and endpoints dominate. Because of their widespread deployment and adoption, these endpoints can help ease the transition to an all-Internet 3G/4G network. We describe a standards-based service architecture and its implementation that allows 2-2.5G endpoints to participate as active actors in realizing Internet services like presence and instant messaging without the endpoints themselves being connected to the Internet. Our architecture also demonstrates service migration, wherein a successful 2G service such as short messaging service morphs transparently into its Internet equivalent, an instant message. Our methodology conserves precious radio access bandwidth by offloading such data services from the bandwidth normally allocated to voice. Our approach, as embodied in the service architecture, is to leverage the best of the Internet protocols (SIP, XML) and technologies (instant messaging, presence) to provide a general framework for personalized service specification and execution. |
5,898 | Please write an abstract with title: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Multiuser MISO Systems Exploiting Deep Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Array signal processing, MIMO communication, Optimization, Wireless communication, MISO communication, Antenna arrays, Receivers. Abstract: Recently, the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), benefited from the breakthrough on the fabrication of programmable meta-material, has been speculated as one of the key enabling technologies for the future six generation (6G) wireless communication systems scaled up beyond massive multiple input multiple output (Massive-MIMO) technology to achieve smart radio environments. Employed as reflecting arrays, RIS is able to assist MIMO transmissions without the need of radio frequency chains resulting in considerable reduction in power consumption. In this paper, we investigate the joint design of transmit beamforming matrix at the base station and the phase shift matrix at the RIS, by leveraging recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (DRL). We first develop a DRL based algorithm, in which the joint design is obtained through trial-and-error interactions with the environment by observing predefined rewards, in the context of continuous state and action. Unlike the most reported works utilizing the alternating optimization techniques to alternatively obtain the transmit beamforming and phase shifts, the proposed DRL based algorithm obtains the joint design simultaneously as the output of the DRL neural network. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is not only able to learn from the environment and gradually improve its behavior, but also obtains the comparable performance compared with two state-of-the-art benchmarks. It is also observed that, appropriate neural network parameter settings will improve significantly the performance and convergence rate of the proposed algorithm. |
5,899 | Please write an abstract with title: Economic Operation Optimization of Electro-thermal Coupling System Considering Integrated Demand Response, and key words: Couplings, Energy consumption, Costs, Systems operation, Simulation, Wind power generation, Demand response. Abstract: In this paper, an economic operation optimization model considering integrated demand response is proposed for electro-thermal coupling system. Firstly, based on the construction of the electro-thermal coupling system, according to the load response characteristics, and considering the vertical conversion and horizontal translation of energy, the loads are divided into curtailable, shiftable and replaceable loads, and an integrated demand response model is established. Secondly, taking the minimum sum of energy purchase cost, environmental cost and integrated demand response compensation cost as the objective function, and considering energy balance, energy conversion of equipment, energy storage equipment and IDR constraints, the system operation optimization model is established and the solution method is given. The simulation results show that the proposed model has good applicability to the economic operation of the electro-thermal coupling system. By fully exploiting the system's demand response capacity and exerting the multi-energy complementary and collaborative capacity, the economic operation capacity of the system can be further improved, and it has a good absorption capacity for clean energy. Also, it provides reference for economic operation of electro-thermal coupling system. |
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