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6,000 | Please write an abstract with title: Blockchain-based Charging Pile Detection Data Uploading and Sharing, and key words: Industries, Conferences, Organizations, Maintenance engineering, Electric vehicle charging, Safety, Blockchains. Abstract: Aiming at the problems that the existing charging pile detection data is easy to lose, difficult to query, and difficult to ensure the uniqueness and integrity in the process of offline transfer between multiple departments, this paper proposes a charging pile detection data uploading method based on blockchain technology. Shared platform implementation. The charging pile first detects and analyzes the data through a third-party testing agency, and transmits abnormal data to the chain in a timely manner, and ensures the validity of the data detection. Secondly, the charging pile operator manages later operations and services, handles faults, etc., to ensure the quality and service of the charging pile. Finally, use the operation and maintenance organization to optimize and improve the test data to control the quality of the charging pile. Through this platform, the online flow of test data between different departments is effectively realized, which ensures the safety protection and efficient sharing of test data. |
6,001 | Please write an abstract with title: V-Band Dual-Polarized Filtering Transmitarray Antenna Enabled by a Planar Filtering Illumination Source, and key words: Filtering, Substrates, Transmitting antennas, Antennas, Antenna feeds, Antenna arrays, Surface impedance. Abstract: This article introduces a transmitarray antenna presenting excellent filtering and dual-polarization properties. Conventional transmitarrays resort to multilayered frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs) for filtering responses. In contrast, we propose a planar dual-polarized filtering antenna as an illumination source to enable a filtering transmitarray. The V-band dual-polarized filtering antenna is excited by a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding structure. By a novel trisection feed and a well-design radiating element, up to four radiation nulls are produced, leading to an excellent filtering response validated with experimental results. Subsequently, the antenna is employed to illuminate a phase-shifting surface (PSS), achieving outstanding filtering response, stable dual-polarization characteristics, low profile, and ease of integration. The proposed antenna and transmitarray demonstrate significant potential in V-band millimeter-wave (mmW) applications. |
6,002 | Please write an abstract with title: Zero-Mode Current Distribution Analysis in Neutral Ungrounded Distribution Systems with Distributed Photovoltaic Generators under SPG Faults, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Wiring, Simulation, Windings, Current distribution, Transformers, Generators. Abstract: The fault current is determined by the zero-sequence parameters in neural ungrounded distribution systems (NUDSs) when a single phase-to-ground (SPG) fault occurred. Hence most traditional fault location methods are proposed and realized based on the zero-mode currents along the faulty distribution line. Nowadays, high penetration of distribution generators (DGs) exists in NUDGs and the zero-mode currents would be influenced by these grid-connected inverters. In this paper, the zero-mode currents located at the upstream side and the downstream side of the fault point are analyzed and compared in NUDSs with distributed photovoltaic generators under SPG faults. The equivalent composite sequence network diagram of NUDSs with SPG faults are constructed, and the control strategy of grid-connected inverter is analyzed. The derived zero-mode currents during SPG faults would be verified in the simulation both in the time domain and frequency domain. The results show that the high-frequency components of zero-mode currents are different at upstream side and downstream side of the fault point, while the high-frequency components of zero-mode currents are the same at the same side of the fault point. |
6,003 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multimode Two-Wheel-Legged Land-Air Locomotion Robot and Its Cooperative Control, and key words: Cooperative control, land-air locomotion robot, tilting quadrotor, two-wheel-legged. Abstract: In recent years, land-air locomotion robot has emerged in an endless stream. However, the increasingly complex working conditions pose higher challenges to the stability, flexibility, and other characteristics of robots. In this article, the two-wheel-legged self-balancing robot (TSR) is adopted as the crawling mechanism for the first time, and a new two-wheel-legged land-air locomotion robot (TLR for short) is designed. It has three independent modes of flight, two-wheel and four-wheel designed for various working environments. In flight mode, TLR has the fastest speed. In two-wheel mode, TSR as the crawling mechanism has the advantage of flexibly moving at high speed and being adaptive to complex terrains. The four-wheel mode provides TLR with maximum stability and load capacity. To achieve flexible mode switching and high energy utilization efficiency, we studied the cooperative control of rotor power and leg power. Two cooperative algorithms are proposed: stable cooperative algorithm with better impact resistance and stability and walking cooperative algorithm with better mobility. Both algorithms improve the stability, load capacity, and uphill ability of two-wheel mode, even breaking the constraint of the inverted pendulum, which demonstrates that TLR can balance at the specific pitch angle for completing more complex tasks. |
6,004 | Please write an abstract with title: Safe Online Gain Optimization for Cartesian Space Variable Impedance Control, and key words: Force, Aerospace electronics, Control systems, Real-time systems, Behavioral sciences, Safety, Impedance. Abstract: Smooth behaviors are preferable for many contact-rich manipulation tasks. Impedance control provides an effective way to regulate robot movements by mimicking motions of a mass-spring-damping system. Consequently, the robot behavior can be determined by the impedance gains. However, tuning of the impedance gains for different tasks is not straightforward, especially for unstructured environments. Moreover, online adaption of the optimal gains to deal with the time-varying performance index is even more challenging. In this paper, we present Safe Online Gain Optimization for Cartesian space Variable Impedance Control (Safe OnGO-VIC) to overcome these challenges. By reformulating the dynamics of impedance control as a control-affine system, in which the impedance gains are the inputs, we provide a novel perspective to understand the relation between impedance gains and the robot behaviors. Furthermore, we innovatively formulate an optimization problem that utilizes force measurement collected online to obtain the optimal impedance gains in real-time. Safety constraints are also embedded in the proposed framework. We experimentally validated the proposed algorithm on three contact-rich manipulation tasks. Comparison results with a constant gain baseline and an adaptive control baseline prove that the proposed algorithm is effective and generalizable to different scenarios. Experiment videos are available at https://msc.berkeley.edu/research/safe-ongo-vic.html. |
6,005 | Please write an abstract with title: IOT Based Smart Shopping System, and key words: Smart cards, Schedules, Urban areas, Sociology, Radio navigation, Reliability, Sustainable development. Abstract: With the advancement of technology, the level of acceptance of people of all ages towards electronic accessories is increasing day by day. Electronic accessories such as smart card readers, bar code scanner, radio frequency identification are gaining more attention, specially in shopping malls. In Sri Lanka, cities with high population create a huge rush in shopping malls and super markets. Though they have several counters, only one customer can be served at a time, rest should be waited in a queue until the whole billing process is completed. Such long queues in the shopping malls create unpleasant experience for the customers. In this study, a smart shopping system is introduced by addressing above mentioned issues and has attempted to overcome the discomfort that the customer would undergo during the current shopping process. The internet of things based smart shopping cart navigates the customer to the exact item location through the shortest path based on the customer purchasing list uploaded via his mobile. The cart itself can recognize radio frequency tagged consumables in the shopping mall and billing is automated accordingly. |
6,006 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Discrimination Accuracy Rate Of DDoS Attacks and Flash Events, and key words: Denial-of-service attack, Random forests, Feature extraction, Computer crime, Classification algorithms, Web servers, Training. Abstract: Millions of people across the world are using internet for their day to day activities. People are highly dependent on internet as they are using internet resources for their work in every field. It connects billions of people across the world. Internet Security has become a big issue and with passage of time. Among many threats, the Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack is the most frequent threats in the networks. Consequences of these attacks are more powerful when launched during flash events which are legitimate traffic and cause denial of service. This paper focuses on improving discrimination accuracy rate of DDoS Attacks and Flash events. Random forest is used for classification. Symmetric uncertainty is used for feature selection. NSL KDD data set used to evaluate performance of classifier. Weka is used for implementing algorithms. |
6,007 | Please write an abstract with title: Which road will you take [motor testing], and key words: Coils, Impedance, Frequency, Circuit testing, Insulation, Inductance, Pollution measurement, Electrical resistance measurement, Electric resistance, Circuit analysis. Abstract: This paper deals with the importance of using motor circuit analysis when testing motors. Testing with a volt ohmmeter and an insulation to ground tester is not giving the full condition of the motor. |
6,008 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Design of a Wall-Climbing Robot and Experimental Study on Magnetic Wheels, and key words: Adsorption, Force, Wheels, Prototypes, Magnetic forces, Cleaning, Optimization. Abstract: The adhesion of marine organisms will increase resistance and accelerate corrosion of the vessel, so the hull must be cleaned and repaired regularly. At present, underwater cleaning mainly relies on divers carry the cleaning equipment to operate the tool in the water, which is costly and inefficient. Compared with the manual maintenance, the wall-climbing robot can clean and inspect the hull safely, efficiently and at low cost. One of the key technologies of the underwater wall-climbing robot (UWCR) is to ensure that it could attach to the hull to achieve flexible movement and complete safe operations such as cleaning or inspection. In this paper, we present the mechanical design of an UWCR used for inspecting the hull. The novel design of magnetic wheel of the UWCR is discussed in detail. In order to avoid the unstable phenomena such as tumbling or overturning, the static model of the UWCR was established. The ANSOFT MAXWELL is used to simulate the magnetic force provided by the magnetic wheel. The structure of magnetic wheel is optimized based on the simulation result. The experiment verifies the reliability of the magnetic wheel, the motion characteristics of the UWCR and the feasibility of the optimal design. |
6,009 | Please write an abstract with title: Digital transformation of Human Resources Management: A Roadmap, and key words: Training, Technology management, Pandemics, Digital transformation, Conferences, Companies, Planning. Abstract: Digital transformation aims to help Human Resources (HR) management to achieve his strategic goals. It improves the time, the costs, the methods and the quality of HR services. The modern company performs digital transformation for practically all HR activities, hiring, compensation, assessment, Workforce planning and training. In this paper, we aim to determine the different digital transformation types in the HR field. Hence, this article is an attempt to identify and analyze seven HR digital transformation roadmaps (Four are specifics to e-HRM, Smart HR 4.0, HRIS and Cloud computing). In our study, we try to know and describe the principal steps and the essential elements of a roadmap in this field. |
6,010 | Please write an abstract with title: An Energy-Efficient Service Scheduling Algorithm in Federated Edge Cloud, and key words: Servers, Cloud computing, Energy consumption, Quality of service, Scheduling algorithms, Heuristic algorithms, Schedules. Abstract: Federated edge cloud (FEC) is an edge cloud environment where multiple edge servers in a single administrative domain collaborate together to provide real-time services. This environment reduces the possibility of violating the quality of service (QoS) requirements of target services by locating delay-sensitive services at nearby edge servers instead of deploying them on the cloud. However, as the number of edge servers increases, the amount of energy consumed by servers and network switches also increases. This creates another challenge for how to schedule delay-sensitive services over FEC, while minimizing the total energy consumption and reducing the QoS violation of a service at the same time. This paper proposes an energy-efficient service scheduling algorithm in FEC. The proposed algorithm is based on an observation that as the number of edge servers along the service path is reduced, the total energy consumption can be minimized. Traditional approaches place services using their maximum traffic requirements to ensure QoS without considering the actual traffic change. In contrast, the proposed algorithm schedules them with actual traffic requirements to increase the number of services co-located in a single server. This maximizes the consolidation of services in a single server and thus minimizes the energy consumption. Moreover, when edge servers are overloaded, the proposed algorithm reconfigures the service path such that service migration overhead and energy consumption are minimized while guaranteeing the QoS requirements of services. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves energy efficiency by up to 21% and lowers the service violation rate by up to 80% against existing approaches. |
6,011 | Please write an abstract with title: A desired load distribution model for agent-based distributed scheduling, and key words: Load modeling, Job shop scheduling, Processor scheduling, Resource management, Optimal scheduling, Load management, Environmental economics, Computer aided manufacturing, Grid computing, Dynamic scheduling. Abstract: Scheduling problems concern the allocation of limited resources over time among both parallel and sequential activities. The majority of these problems belong to the class of NP-hard. Agent-based approaches have been applied to solve difficult scheduling problems. Load balancing is usually adopted as an optimization criterion for some scheduling problems, such as resource allocation in grid computing environments. However, in many practical situations, a load balanced solution may not be feasible or attainable. To deal with this limitation, this paper presents a generic mathematical model of load distribution for resource allocation, called desired load distribution. The objective is to develop a model that can be utilized for classical resource management settings as well as a model for a many-to-many optimized market setting. |
6,012 | Please write an abstract with title: A battery backup 64K CMOS RAM with double level aluminum technology, and key words: Batteries, Aluminum, CMOS technology, Read-write memory, Random access memory, Power dissipation, CMOS memory circuits, Power supplies, Detectors, Decoding. Abstract: A 10mW 64K CMOS RAM with auto data retention mode will be described. The RAM was fabricated with a double-level aluminum process technology. To reduce active power, a split power control technique was employed. The address access time is 80ns. |
6,013 | Please write an abstract with title: Dual-Frequency Out-Of-Phase Power Divider with Integrated Impedance Transformation, and key words: Power dividers, Microwave measurement, Insertion loss, Frequency conversion, Loss measurement, Frequency measurement, Impedance. Abstract: Design of a dual-band out-of-phase power divider (PD) exhibiting inherent impedance transformation at arbitrary frequency ratios is presented in this paper. The proposed PD is augmented with an effective design strategy to obtain wide band-ratios and wide impedance ratios, concurrently. The analytical design procedure is obtained using classical even-odd mode approach. The proposed design is validated through a prototype on Rogers RO5880 substrate. An excellent agreement between the EM simulation and measurement results is a testament to the robustness of the proposed design. |
6,014 | Please write an abstract with title: Gestures as input: neuroelectric joysticks and keyboards, and key words: Keyboards, Electrodes, Electromyography, Skin, Computer displays, Muscles, Space technology, Personal digital assistants, NASA, Aerospace control. Abstract: EMG (electromyogram) technology helps capture gestures as input for virtual joysticks and keyboards and thus could lead to new applications in flight control, space, and the video game industry. |
6,015 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of a Scalable Distributed DNS System, and key words: Handwriting recognition, File systems, Distributed ledger, Scalability, Distributed databases, Systems architecture, Blockchain. Abstract: Based on blockchain technology and interstellar file systems, this paper proposes a domain name system (DNS), in which the domain specific names of important institutions and organizations are permanently and safelyidentified in the super account management system in the form of transaction, so as to realize the naming on the blockchain, while the domain names that need to be expanded by institutions, teams and individuals adopt the distributed storage under the chain to form a DNS system architecture with the combination of online blockchain and offline blockchains. This paper analyzes the specific deployment of the architecture and the implementation of domain name management in detail. The domain naming management for organizations on the chain is based on a fabric alliance chain, while the extended domain naming data management under the chain uses distributed file storage technology to store, update and query the extended domain names. At the same time, the hyperledger on the chain is used to establish the trust chain of signature verification for the extended domain names and the extended domain name data files. Finally, it ensures the scalability of the whole domain name system and the efficiency and security of domain name resolution dynamically. |
6,016 | Please write an abstract with title: A Smart Flexible Vital Signs and Sleep Monitoring Belt Based on MEMS Triaxial Accelerometer and Pressure Sensor, and key words: Internet of Things, Monitoring, Heart rate, Biomedical monitoring, Accelerometers, Sleep apnea, Temperature sensors. Abstract: People spend about one third of their lifetime in sleep, and sleep quality has a great impact on people’s health. Therefore, vital signs and sleep quality monitoring are more and more important. In this article, a novel smart flexible sleep monitoring belt with MEMS triaxial accelerometer and pressure sensor is developed to detect vital signs, snore events, and sleep stages. Besides, the related algorithms and methods for data preprocessing, heart and respiration rates detection, snoring recognition, and sleep stages classification are proposed in detail. Then, a series of sleep experiments is performed based on the experimental platform for the smart flexible belt, and the test results measured by PolySomnoGraphy are used as the golden standards for comparison. The experimental results demonstrate that the detection accuracies of heart rate and respiration rate of the belt are about 1.5 and 0.7 bpm, respectively. The accuracy of 97.2% is achieved by the proposed snoring recognition method. In addition, as for 2-stage analysis, the sensitivities of awake and asleep stages are 90.2% and 100%, respectively; meanwhile, the corresponding accuracy of sleep stages prediction is as high as 95.1%. However, as for 4-stage analysis, the sensitivities of awake, rapid eye movement, light sleep, and deep sleep stages are 90.2%, 77.1%, 78.1%, and 73.5%, respectively; meanwhile, the corresponding accuracy of sleep stages prediction decreases to 79.7%. In general, the test results indicate that vital signs detection, snoring recognition, and sleep stages classification based on the sleep monitoring belt are feasible and effective. Hence, this smart flexible belt can be widely used for sleep monitoring at home due to low cost and high performance. |
6,017 | Please write an abstract with title: Adversarial Sample Attack and Defense Method for Encrypted Traffic Data, and key words: Cryptography, Deep learning, Convolutional neural networks, Resists, Training, Classification algorithms, Task analysis. Abstract: Resisting the adversarial sample attack on encrypted traffic is a challenging task in the Intelligent Transportation System. This paper focuses on the classification, adversarial samples attack and defense method for the encrypted traffic. To be more specific, the one-dimensional encrypted traffic data is firstly translated into the two-dimensional images for further utilization. Then different classification networks based on the deep learning algorithm are adopted to classify the encrypted traffic data. Moreover, various adversarial sample generation methods are employed to generate the adversarial sample to implement the attacking process on the classification network. Furthermore, the passive and active defense method are proposed to resist the adversarial sample attack: 1) the passive defense is used to denoise the perturbation in the adversarial sample and to restore to the original image; and 2) the active defense is used to resist the adversarial sample attack by leveraging the adversarial training method, which can improve the robustness of the classification network. We conduct the extensive experiments on the ISCXVPN2016 dataset to evaluate the effectiveness of classification, adversarial sample attacking and defending. |
6,018 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-Rigid Transformation Based Adversarial Attack Against 3d Object Tracking, and key words: Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Perturbation methods, Neural networks, Signal processing, Object tracking, Task analysis. Abstract: It is well-recognized that 3D visual tasks based on deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Existing methods to generate adversarial examples are mainly developed from injecting imperceptible perturbations into the inputs. However, aggressive characteristic of geometric transformations, which are common in 3D objects, are rarely investigated. In this paper, we propose the non-rigid transformation based adversarial attack method against 3D object tracking. The adversarial example is generated by deforming parts of the tracking template, leading to deviation of the tracking predictions from the ground truth. Specifically, a clustering-based region segmentation module is designed to divide the tracking template into local regions. Furthermore, an objective function, which combines IoU loss, confidence loss and distance loss, is leveraged to update the poses of local regions. Experiments conducted on an efficient 3D tracker demonstrate that 3D trackers are extremely vulnerable to non-rigid deformation. |
6,019 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Real-World Deployment of Reinforcement Learning for Traffic Signal Control, and key words: Training, Machine learning algorithms, Conferences, Clustering algorithms, Transportation, Reinforcement learning, Benchmark testing. Abstract: Sub-optimal control policies in intersection traffic signal controllers (TSC) contribute to congestion and lead to negative effects on human health and the environment. Reinforcement learning (RL) for traffic signal control is a promising approach to design better control policies and has attracted considerable research interest in recent years. However, most work done in this area used simplified simulation environments of traffic scenarios to train RL-based TSC. To deploy RL in real-world traffic systems, the gap between simplified simulation environments and real-world applications has to be closed. Therefore, we propose LemgoRL, a benchmark tool to train RL agents as TSC in a realistic simulation environment of Lemgo, a medium-sized town in Germany. In addition to the realistic simulation model, LemgoRL encompasses a traffic signal logic unit that ensures compliance with all regulatory and safety requirements. LemgoRL offers the same interface as the well-known OpenAI gym toolkit to enable easy deployment in existing research work. To demonstrate the functionality and applicability of LemgoRL, we train a state-of-the-art Deep RL algorithm on a CPU cluster utilizing a framework for distributed and parallel RL and compare its performance with other methods. Our benchmark tool drives the development of RL algorithms towards real-world applications. |
6,020 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Adaptive Noise Canceller Algorithm with Snr-Based Stepsize Control and Noise-Path Gain Compensation, and key words: Conferences, Signal processing algorithms, Switches, Speech enhancement, Noise cancellation, Distortion, Robustness. Abstract: This paper proposes a robust adaptive noise canceller algorithm with SNR-based stepsize control and noise-path gain compensation. The stepsize for coefficient adaptation is controlled with an estimated SNR for low distortion of the output signal and a small residual noise. A second SNR estimate, which is the output over an adjusted reference input, initially controls the stepsize to promote co-efficient growth, followed by a more accurate first SNR estimate defined as the output over the noise replica. The power gap between the reference input and the noise replica is compensated for by a factor estimated during an initial target-signal absence. Switchover from the second to the first SNR estimate takes place when the coefficient growth is saturated to guarantee robustness to different noise-path gains. Evaluations with clean speech and noise recorded at a busy station demonstrate that conventional algorithms exhibit initial in-crease in the coefficient error and never reach the switchover status at a high SNR whereas the proposed algorithm achieves as much as 8dB smaller coefficient error than that without gain compensation. |
6,021 | Please write an abstract with title: PPD: A Scalable and Efficient Parallel Primal-Dual Coordinate Descent Algorithm, and key words: Optimization, Approximation algorithms, Convergence, Parallel processing, Partitioning algorithms, Scalability, Message systems. Abstract: Dual Coordinate Descent (DCD) is one of the most popular optimization methods. The parallelization of DCD is difficult, as DCD is sequential in nature. As such, simultaneously running multiple DCD threads on batches of data elements causes result inaccuracy and slow convergence, due to the concurrent updates of multiple coordinates. Some parallelization methods adopt separable approximate functions that depend on the degree of parallelism. Such dependencies result in both poor scalability and slow-convergence. To address these challenges, in this paper we present a new parallel primal-dual algorithm for DCD, called PPD. In PPD, the block data distribution is utilized to obtain a new approximate function that is independent from the parallelism. Moreover, PPD is designed with a novel primal-dual acceleration scheme to approach the optimal solution closely and quickly. We demonstrate the advantages of PPD in terms of scalability and efficiency through experiments. |
6,022 | Please write an abstract with title: A regulating capacity determination method for pumped storage hydropower to restrain PV generation fluctuations, and key words: Fluctuations, Real-time systems, Hydroelectric power generation, Power supplies, Reservoirs, Hybrid power systems. Abstract: The variable speed and constant frequency pumped storage hydropower (PSH) unit can strongly support the complementation and joint power supply of cascaded hydropower and photovoltaic (PV) plants. Its fast response capability has provided a feasible solution for the rapid power and voltage regulation caused by real-time fluctuations of PV systems. However, currently there is a lack of research on precise evaluation on regulation capability and regulating capacity configuration for PSH to restrain the real-time fluctuations. In this paper, a cascaded hydro-PV-PSH complementary joint power system (CHPP) is studied, and a "rule-based" method for regulating capacity determination is proposed. A combined statistical technique is introduced to analyze the initial estimated regulating capacity of PSH. A continuous cyclic revision method is adopted to renew the ideal PV curve by repeatedly using the main operating constraints until an optimal regulating capacity of PSH matching the PV generation scale is achieved. The results of the case study verified the feasibility and effectiveness of PSH for restraining the fast fluctuations of PV systems in real-time, and the configuration between PV and PSH regulating capacity is obtained with real-time application requirements. Finally, analyses including weather conditions, curtailed energy and electricity shortage, the sensitivity analysis, and state transition frequency are presented to demonstrate the robustness of this study. |
6,023 | Please write an abstract with title: Inertia Emulation in Autonomous DC Microgrids by Attenuation and Low Pass Filtering of Capacitor Current, and key words: Filtering, Capacitors, Emulation, Low-pass filters, Microgrids, Capacitance, Attenuation. Abstract: With DC microgrids (DC MG) gaining attention, virtual inertia (VI) schemes for stabilizing the system voltage become increasingly important. With decreased inherent energy storage, conventional droop control causes severe fluctuations in the DC bus voltage. Hence, this paper proposes a VI scheme that emulates inertia by attenuating and low-pass filtering the converter’s capacitor current. Since the capacitor’s current is directly proportional to its rate of change of voltage, attenuating the capacitor current restricts its voltage change which would otherwise occur with higher capacitance. Thus attenuating the capacitor current virtually increases the system capacitance. However, since practical capacitors have some parasitic equivalent series resistance (ESR), attenuation of capacitor current cannot guarantee a distortion-less inertial response when ESR is high. It was found that cascading a low pass filter of time constant governed by the capacitance and ESR can compensate for its impact. Time-domain simulations performed in MATLAB/Simulink and experiments carried out in laboratory-scale setup validate the effectiveness of the proposed VI scheme. |
6,024 | Please write an abstract with title: Multitemporal change analysis of multispectral imagery using principal components analysis, and key words: Image analysis, Multispectral imaging, Principal component analysis, Heart rate variability, Earth, Remote sensing, Vegetation mapping, Satellites, Laboratories, Geography. Abstract: Early change analysis studies established the fundamental basis for applying the principal components analysis (PCA) transformation to remote sensing images acquired on two dates. There are an increasing number of studies, however, which extend this basis to longer image time series with little concern for its appropriateness. In particular, when multispectral and multitemporal data are used in the same analysis, the components may be difficult to interpret since they would contain not only temporal variation, but spectral changes as well. In this paper we seek to establish an appropriate ordination technique to condense the multispectral information from each date prior to multitemporal PCA. We find that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) provides superior results because it produces annual composites with a strong physical basis. |
6,025 | Please write an abstract with title: The Characteristics of Virtual Reality Usage in Educational Systems, and key words: Training, Games, Tools, Virtual reality, Resists, Biomedical imaging. Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to provide a brief insight into the characteristics of virtual reality technology and its current educational potential. As this technology is becoming widespread in consumer electronic market, its effect on student (digital) lives is starting to gain importance, and as such becomes interesting alternate educational technology. Even though there still are many obstacles to its everyday use, its advantages and increasing availability puts it in the focus of many educational researchers. |
6,026 | Please write an abstract with title: Texture mapping with a Jacobian-based spatially-variant filter, and key words: Jacobian matrices, Kernel, Filters, Sampling methods, Frequency, Image sampling, Asia, Surface texture, Filtering, Computer graphics. Abstract: In this paper we describe a new method to map a texture on a surface with a spatially-variant filter. Our filter takes into consideration the effects of anisotropy using a Jacobian approximation while computing the sampling rate, and the interpolation weights are computed with a sinc function. We also discuss how to do forward and backward mapping with the filter and extend our algorithms to 3D meshes. Our experimental results verify our analysis. |
6,027 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel three-input one-output voltage-mode universal filter using differential difference current conveyor (DDCC), and key words: Voltage, Circuits, Active filters, Band pass filters, Passive filters, Analytical models, Low pass filters, SPICE, Bandwidth, Resistors. Abstract: A novel three-input one-output voltage-mode universal filter using differential difference current conveyor (DDCC) based universal filter is presented. The circuit uses two DDCCs as active elements and together with two resistors and two capacitors as passive elements. The circuit enjoys the following advantageous features: realization of all the basic filter functions, low passive sensitivities, and minimum number of passive elements employment, SPICE simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis. |
6,028 | Please write an abstract with title: Two dual classes of time-varying well-posed linear systems constructed from passive systems, and key words: Time varying systems, Linear systems, State-space methods, Electromagnetic scattering, Hilbert space, Educational institutions, Electromagnetic fields, Partial differential equations, Jacobian matrices, Terminology. Abstract: We introduce two classes of well-posed linear time-varying (LTV) systems. Each of these can be constructed easily, starting from a time-invariant scattering-passive system, by introducing a time-dependent inner product on the state space and modifying some of the generating operators. These classes of LTV systems are motivated by physical examples, such as an electromagnetic field around a moving object. To prove the well-posedness of these LTV systems, we use the Lax-Phillips semigroup induced by a well-posed linear system, as in scattering theory. We modify this semigroup to obtain a Lax-Phillips type evolution family. |
6,029 | Please write an abstract with title: High switching performance 0.1-μm metamorphic HEMTs for low conversion loss 94-GHz resistive mixers, and key words: Performance loss, mHEMTs, HEMTs, MODFETs, Switching circuits, Microwave devices, MIMICs, MMICs, Capacitance, PHEMTs. Abstract: We report high switching performance of 0.1-μm metamorphic high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) for microwave/millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) resistive mixer applications. Very low source/drain resistances and gate capacitances, which are 56 and 31% lower than those of conventional pseudomorphic HEMTs, are due to the optimized epitaxial and device structure. Based on these high-performance metamorphic HEMTs, a 94-GHz MMIC resistive mixer was designed and fabricated, and a very low conversion loss of 8.2 dB at a local oscillator power of 7 dBm was obtained. This is the best performing W-band resistive field-effect transistor mixer in terms of conversion loss utilizing GaAs-based HEMTs reported to date. |
6,030 | Please write an abstract with title: A Framework for a Crowdsourced Creation of Smart City Wheels, and key words: Smart cities, Wheels, Companies, Benchmark testing, Task analysis, Stakeholders. Abstract: Benchmarking different components of a smart city is a fundamental process for its aimed improvement. Although solutions to this problem have already been proposed, all of them are difficult to be concretely put in place in cities nowadays. This article proposes a framework able to simplify this task through the inclusion of different stakeholders in the process, thanks to crowdsourcing and fuzzy surveys. The presented framework provides potential improvements with respect to a reference framework for what concerns availability of data, citizen inclusion in city decision-making processes and completeness of results. |
6,031 | Please write an abstract with title: Research and Analysis Efficiency Optical Telecommunication Networks on the Basis Optical WDM and DWDM Technologies, and key words: Optical fibers, Protocols, Information security, Optical fiber networks, Wavelength division multiplexing, Communications technology, Optical modulation. Abstract: The performance characteristics of optical transport communication networks based on the technology of spectral separation of channels using a transmitting and receiving optical module (TOM and ROM) are analyzed. The performance indicators of optical transport networks based on optical WDM & DWDM technologies are investigated and a method for calculating an optical signal transmission system (OSTS) is proposed. This method takes into account the principles of spectral separation of optical channels and operation algorithms, the functioning scheme of the studied fiber-optic transmission systems, as well as information security indicators of fiber-optic communication lines using quantum cryptography. Based on the calculation method, important analytical expressions were obtained that evaluate the performance indicators of multiservice optical telecommunication networks based on the FN (Future Network) architectural concept using SDN (Software Defined Network) technology. |
6,032 | Please write an abstract with title: Classification of Commercial SiC-MOSFETs Based on Time-Dependent Gate-current Characteristics, and key words: SiC-MOSFETs, hole-trapping, nitridation, screening, time-dependent gate-current. Abstract: SiC-MOSFETs with high reliability have been desired for electric vehicles. We classify commercial SiC-MOSFETs into “heavily nitrided” and “lightly nitrided” based on time-dependent gate-current characteristics of fabricated devices. In “heavily nitrided” devices for higher mobility, high-voltage gate pulse for screening of B-mode (extrinsic defects) causes hole-trapping near the SiO2/SiC interface through impact ionization. This phenomenon leads to an increase in gate current as well as a negative shift of threshold voltage. Moreover, this is enhanced at low temperatures (-60, 25°C). Thus, high-temperature (200°C) screening is preferable. In addition, the relation between Weibull slopes for time-to-breakdown and charge-to-breakdown is closely examined. |
6,033 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatio-Temporal Attention-based Neural Network for Wind Turbine Blade Cracking Fault Detection, and key words: Correlation, Blades, Wind turbines, Data models, Training, Data mining, Timing. Abstract: Cracking of wind turbine blades is one of the main faults affecting the safety and efficiency of wind turbines. Because the unit has multiple operating conditions, under different working conditions, the influence weight of each dimensional feature on the final result is different. To solve this problem, a network model based on self-attention mechanism and long and short-term memory network is proposed, which can not only dynamically adjust each feature in space according to different input data, but also capture temporal correlation of data. The model is divided into three stages. First, the self-attention mechanism is used to obtain the correlation between time and space, and the weight of each feature is dynamically adjusted according to the different input data. Then the processed features are segmented and the self-attention mechanism is used for local sequential processing. Finally, the global temporal correlation of the segmented data is obtained through LSTM network. Based on the actual problems of unit and time, this model presents an end-to-end fault warning scheme. The model integrates the self-attention mechanism and LSTM network together, which is more conducive to deeply mining the characteristics of data in time and space, so as to realize accurate warning of blade cracking fault. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed model is superior to the traditional classification model in detection performance. |
6,034 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Development of a Novel Portable Optical System with a Shallow Neural Network to Characterise Liquid Turbidity, and key words: Liquids, Optical design, Semiconductor lasers, Neural networks, Detectors, Water quality, Optical fiber networks. Abstract: Clean water is a very important resource to all living things. This paper describes the design and development of a novel optical system for water quality characterisation. The system utilises transmitted light as well as scattered light from a sample to determine the level of turbidity of the liquid sample. The developed system can also be used to perform quality control on food and beverage (F&B) products that are manufactured on a large scale. The system was tested on various liquids of different concentrations. This was then used to train a shallow neural network and tested on new samples to identify the level of contaminants. For a good liquid sample the system was able to provide a good estimate with an error of less than 2 % with the 180°detector and about 12 % based on the reflected light. In addition to this, it was also used to determine if the beverage sample has gone rancid. For such a sample both the detectors were able to indicate abnormality. |
6,035 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on remote sensing image data mining prototype system and the RSIDMM-DTM, and key words: Remote sensing, Data mining, Prototypes, Image analysis, Decision trees, Geographic Information Systems, Classification tree analysis, Data visualization, Data warehouses, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: With mass production and widespread application of remote sensing (RS) image, the management of RS data and its processing theories, techniques and algorithms need a new breakthrough. Different levels of knowledge from very large volume of RS data will be applied to RS image classification, so as to improve the efficiency and accuracy of RS image analysis and to establish an intelligent GIS based on RS images. Difficulties in RS images data mining are listed And a prototype system of RS image data mining is designed. Besides experiments are made with RSIDMM-DTM, RS image data mining classification model, based on the Microsoft decision tree mining algorithm. By comparison with ERDAS IMAGINE Expert Classifier's effects, the experiments show that the RSIDMM-DTM takes spatial relationships and other contextual information into account. In addition, the acquisition, presentation and application of knowledge are highly automatic, and the classification is rather accurate. |
6,036 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast and accurate vision-based pattern detection and identification, and key words: Machine vision, Object detection, Robot vision systems, Cameras, Algorithm design and analysis, Computer science, Application software, Robustness, Detection algorithms, Solids. Abstract: Fast pattern detection and identification is fundamental problem for many applications of real-time vision systems. The desirable characteristics for a solution are that it requires little computation, localizes a pattern robustly and with high accuracy, and can identify a large number of unique pattern identifiers so that many of these markers can be tracked within a field a view. We will present a system that can accurately track a broad class of patterns both accurately and quickly, when used with a suitable low level vision system that can return calibrated coordinates of regions in an image. Both pattern design and the detection algorithm are considered together to find a solution meeting the above criteria. Along the way, assumptions are verified to make informed choices without relying on guesswork, and allowing similar system to be designed on a solid experimental and statistical basis. |
6,037 | Please write an abstract with title: Visualization of Object-Oriented Variability Implementations as Cities, and key words: Measurement, Couplings, Visualization, Codes, Three-dimensional displays, Software metrics, Urban areas. Abstract: Many large software systems are variability-rich, object-oriented, and implemented in a single code base. They then rely on multiple traditional techniques (inheritance, patterns) to realize variability, making these implementations not explicit. This directly hampers the comprehension of variability implementations, especially for newcomers in a project that need, in a short time, to understand the most important parts. In this paper, we propose VariCity, a visualization using the city metaphor to exhibit zones of interest, being zones of high density of variability implementations. The different forms of variability implementations are first detected through the usage of symmetries in code (e.g., inheritance defines a substitution symmetry between the immutable part of the superclass and the possible changes in its subclasses). VariCity then creates a 3D city representation with buildings being classes while the metrics on the number of symmetries (e.g., the number of overloaded methods, influence the building size, and their color if they are heavily loaded in symmetries). Contrary to the usual package-based organization in code-related city representations, the city streets are arranged according to the usage relationships between classes. Inheritance is simply represented with hoverable aerial links. Variability-related design patterns are depicted as buildings with specific geometric forms, while some classes specified as entry points can help in shaping the whole city organization. We also report on the evaluation of VariCity on a set of large object-oriented systems, showing that several usage scenarios helping a newcomer to spot critical variability-related zones are covered. |
6,038 | Please write an abstract with title: Linear and nonlinear parameters for the analysisof fetal heart rate signal from cardiotocographic recordings, and key words: Signal analysis, Fetal heart rate, Cardiography, Pathology, Data mining, Information analysis, Fetus, Condition monitoring, Spectral analysis, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: Antepartum fetal monitoring based on the classical cardiotocography (CTG) is a noninvasive and simple tool for checking fetal status. Its introduction in the clinical routine limited the occurrence of fetal problems leading to a reduction of the precocious child mortality. Nevertheless, very poor indications on fetal pathologies can be inferred from the even automatic CTG analysis methods, which are actually employed. The feeling is that fetal heart rate (FHR) signals and uterine contractions carry much more information on fetal state than is usually extracted by classical analysis methods. In particular, FHR signal contains indications about the neural development of the fetus. However, the methods actually adopted for judging a CTG trace as "abnormal" give weak predictive indications about fetal dangers. We propose a new methodological approach for the CTG monitoring, based on a multiparametric FHR analysis, which includes spectral parameters from autoregressive models and nonlinear algorithms (approximate entropy). This preliminary study considers 14 normal fetuses, eight cases of gestational (maternal) diabetes, and 13 intrauterine growth retarded fetuses. A comparison with the traditional time domain analysis is also included. This paper shows that the proposed new parameters are able to separate normal from pathological fetuses. Results constitute the first step for realizing a new clinical classification system for the early diagnosis of most common fetal pathologies. |
6,039 | Please write an abstract with title: A new TPS design structure for DOD ATS, and key words: US Department of Defense, System testing, Automatic testing, Costs, Software testing, Weapons, Standards development, Instruments, Automatic test equipment, Concrete. Abstract: While the Department of Defense (DOD) has made some progress in addressing the difficult issues dealing with the convergence of automatic test system (ATS) functional interfaces, the definition of the next generation test software environment, and the development of DOD ATS modernization processes, it remains that the development of test program sets (TPS) continues to be an increasingly costly effort. Furthermore, TPS run time performance continues to be an issue within the user community. One key reason is that the primary test program set design approach used today is: (a) based on a static, hard coded design structure which does not include the weapon system's self-diagnostics data or other information-based diagnostic techniques; and (b) it is still based on the traditional TPS performance specifications which require strict compliance with parametric test requirements and sometimes unrealistic fault isolation design parameters. With very few exceptions, the typical TPS design structure which results from this traditional approach consists of parametric performance tests with in-line diagnostics. The TPS design structure presented in this paper answers the question of "what can be done today that will have an immediate effect on reducing the cost of test program sets?." The design structure takes into consideration the self-diagnostics architecture of the system under test (SUT) and addresses the value of using a more practical, modular approach, that would minimize the development of hard coded diagnostics in the early phases of system development and, at the same time, include the use of dynamic, information-based diagnostic techniques. The design structure also addresses the issue of producing a rehostable test program as an end item. |
6,040 | Please write an abstract with title: Orthorectified Polar Format Algorithm for Generalized Spotlight SAR Imaging With DEM, and key words: Imaging, Synthetic aperture radar, Distortion, Radar imaging, Apertures, Radar polarimetry. Abstract: In conventional polar format algorithm (PFA), the effective imaging scene is bounded to a limited region near the reference point unless postprocessing is utilized. In a previous paper, refocusing and zoom-in PFA (RZPFA) for curvilinear spotlight SAR imaging were proposed to produce a refocused image for an arbitrary region of interest (ROI) with constant elevation. However, for certain applications, the residual distortion and defocus caused by rugged terrain could not be ignored. In this article, RZPFA is adapted to incorporate the known digital elevation model (DEM) into the imaging process, which is named as orthorectified PFA (OPFA). With just little additional computations than RZPFA, OPFA can realize georeferenced orthorectified imaging via a nonuniform fast Fourier transform of type 3 (NuFFT-3) without the need of postprocessing. The quantitative metrics for the residual DEM distortion and residual DEM defocus were also derived to determine the effective imaging extent of OPFA. Within the effective extent, the proposed OPFA can obtain an orthorectified image efficiently, and the image has a very high quality comparable to backprojection (BP). The imaging results of measured echo and DEM data demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. |
6,041 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating Digital Worksheets with Interactive Programming Exercises for K-12 Education, and key words: Programming profession, Education, Tools, Task analysis, Videos, Software. Abstract: This Research Full Paper presents insights from digital worksheets with embedded interactive programming exercises tailored for high-school students new to programming. Computer science teachers often incorporate existing videos, quizzes, and practical programming exercises from Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). However, teachers' options to adapt the content to their specific needs are currently limited. Based on a qualitative survey with thirteen teachers, we developed a software prototype which allows teachers to create their own interactive worksheets consisting of texts, videos, quizzes, and practical programming exercises. Additionally, teachers can embed and further customize existing exercises from MOOCs. Further, we enable teachers to gain deeper insights by providing results from automated submission analysis, thus uncovering knowledge gaps and fostering content-driven in-class discussions. Our evaluation shows that the concept was well received by students and teachers alike: Teachers noticed the possibility of a shift in their role from a lecturing instructor to an individual tutor, as students are enabled to learn at their own pace and receive specific, direct feedback based on automated unit tests. Interactive worksheets, as an integrated part of digital education, thus foster informed teacher interventions as part of an individualized student learning process. |
6,042 | Please write an abstract with title: On-line neurocontroller based on microcontroller, and key words: Neurocontrollers, Microcontrollers, Process control, Costs, Error correction, Control systems, Hardware, Algorithm design and analysis, Furnaces, Robust control. Abstract: This paper presents a practical implementation of general-purpose low cost neurocontroller using a microcontroller. A neural model of the controlled process is obtained on-line using the error back-propagation learning algorithm. A neural controller based upon this model is then used to control the process. The introduced technique explains the learning and the control algorithms, the hardware design of the complete system and the programming requirements. Experiments are carried out to on-line control a furnace using the present technique. The results show that, the introduced controller has considerable robustness |
6,043 | Please write an abstract with title: The Problem of Predicting the Course and Outcomes of Acute Surgical Abdominal Diseases. Approaches and Methods for its Solution, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Pathological processes, Surgery, Biological systems, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Mathematical models. Abstract: The paper presents the results of the analysis of approaches and methods for solving an urgent and acute problem of predicting the severity and outcomes of acute surgical abdominal diseases. The goal is to develop a study aimed at organizing a dynamic situational synthesis of an algorithm for developing diagnostic solutions (identifying a disease or its prerequisites determining its form, stage and presence of complications) and predicting future states of a complex object (disease outcomes). The latter is a heterogeneous biological system and its subsystems in medicine. |
6,044 | Please write an abstract with title: A parallel digital architecture for delta-sigma modulation, and key words: Delta-sigma modulation, Clocks, Bandwidth, Concurrent computing, Computer architecture, Digital modulation, Filters, Topology, Sampling methods, Delta modulation. Abstract: A major drawback of delta-sigma modulation is the high oversampling ratios required, especially for single-bit quantization. Accordingly, much of the research in the area has focused on lowering the sampling rate through various parallelization approaches. However, this research has been overwhelmingly concentrated on continuous and discrete-time analog modulator implementations for A/D converters, and not on reducing the critical path in a digital implementation for D/A conversion. In this paper the popular time-interleaved modulator is paired with a vector quantizer implementation of a finite-length modulator to form a parallel implementation of a delta-sigma DAC with a reduced critical path. |
6,045 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of optical nonlinearity in semiconductor photodiodes using cross-polarized autocorrelation, and key words: Photodiodes, Autocorrelation, Optical harmonic generation, Nonlinear optics, Ultrafast optics, Optical pumping, Optical saturation, Optical refraction, Optical variables control, Photonic band gap. Abstract: We study the various nonlinear effects produced during the detection of high-intensity signals in semiconductor photodiodes. Experimental results on few commercial detectors are compared with theoretical analysis. This analysis is based on the tensor coefficients from second- and third-order optical nonlinearities. Both contributions are measured using collinear orthogonally polarized beams in a pump-probe setup. The photoelectric signal is obtained for several orientations of the crystal optic axis. |
6,046 | Please write an abstract with title: Shortening Burn-In Test: Application of Weibull Statistical Analysis & HVST, and key words: Statistical analysis, Circuit testing, Integrated circuit testing, Life estimation, Voltage, Stress, Temperature, Costs, Manufacturing processes, Assembly. Abstract: Burn-in is currently the most popular form of accelerated testing in the semiconductor industry. It subjects devices under test to accelerated temperature and voltage stresses to scree so-called `infant mortalities' (latent failures). However, burn-in incurs high cost and turnaround time. This paper presents a methodology for burn-in test reduction based on the extended use of the High-Voltage Stress Test (HVST) technique. The Welbull statistical analysis is used to model the infant mortality failure distribution. The Linear Rectification Method is employed to estimate the Weibull parameters. The results show that the burn-in duration can be reduced by up to 90% using the proposed approach. |
6,047 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental analysis of outage times for PROFIBUS network, and key words: Circuit faults, Field buses, Communication system control, Control systems, Automatic control, Performance analysis, Electrical equipment industry, Electromagnetic interference, Delay, Degradation. Abstract: Distributed control systems operation strongly depends on the communication system performance. Therefore, their analysis becomes an important aspect to be considered, particularly in situations where communications have real-time constrains and the network operates on faulty environments. In this paper the behavior of PROFIBUS network in the presence of faults is analyzed. This analysis is performed in an experimental base supported by a real network. The network operation is disturbed through a set of fault injection experiments from which performance metrics related with PROFIBUS outage times are evaluated. |
6,048 | Please write an abstract with title: Error correction of statistically unstable signals in consumer wireless networks, and key words: Error correction, Intelligent networks, Wireless networks, Decoding, Computer errors, Working environment noise, Error correction codes, Laboratories, Consumer electronics, Power system interconnection. Abstract: More and more consumer electronics devices are being interconnected wirelessly in private homes as well as in public spaces. While these wireless networks must use signal powers as low as possible so that they will not adversely affect human bodies, they must be reliable in noisy and physically-complex indoor environments. Consumer wireless networks therefore need to use new and better error-correction techniques. Previous error-correction techniques concerned both coding and decoding. Research in coding gave us the BCH and Reed-Solomon codes, extending the correction limitation (the number of correctable bit errors). Research in decoding explored ways of recovering more bit errors. This work proposes a new decoding method suitable for consumer wireless networks, one that can recover roughly 40% more errors than the current correction limitation. |
6,049 | Please write an abstract with title: Path Optimization for Ground Vehicles in Off-Road Terrain, and key words: Space vehicles, Actuators, Velocity control, Refining, Optimization methods, Kinematics, Transforms. Abstract: We present a method for path optimization for ground vehicles in off-road environments at high speeds. This path optimization considers the kinematic constraints of the vehicle. By thinking in the actuator space we can represent such constraints as limits in the space rather than derived properties of the path. In this paper we present an actuator space approach to path optimization for off-road ground vehicles. This is done by representing the path as a list of steering angles over the path length. This transforms the set of kinematic constraints into constraints on the steering angle. We then put this path into a gradient descent solver. This produces paths that are kinematically feasible and optimized in accordance with our cost function. Finally, we tested the system both in simulation and on an off-road vehicle at speeds of 5 m/s. |
6,050 | Please write an abstract with title: MIMO Diversity Antenna for UWB and WIMAX Wireless Applications, and key words: Ultra wideband antennas, MIMO communication, Antenna feeds, WiMAX, Slot antennas, Shape, Antennas. Abstract: In this paper MIMO (multiple input multiple output) diversity antenna is designed for UWB (ultra wideband) and WIMAX wireless applications. In proposed antenna a compact size dual band (26*28mm2) designed, two feed line rectangular shape antenna tapering with micro strip lines and two L shaped slits are used inside the patch. Isolation level achieved at less than -23dB, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain, S parameters are discussed and simulated for better isolation at compact size. |
6,051 | Please write an abstract with title: Unified analysis of switched-capacitor resonant converters, and key words: Resonance, Switching converters, Voltage, Switching circuits, Switched capacitor circuits, Inductors, Switching loss, Power conversion, Power supplies, Switching frequency. Abstract: A family of switched-capacitor resonant circuits using only two transistors is presented. The circuit operates under zero-current switching and, therefore, the switching loss is zero. It also offers a wide choice of voltage conversions including fractional as well as multiple and inverted voltage conversion ratios. |
6,052 | Please write an abstract with title: Speed-Up Gate Pulse Method to Suppress Switching Loss and Surge Voltage for MOS Gate Power Devices, and key words: Switching loss, Voltage, Logic gates, Search problems, Discharges (electric), Pulse circuits, Timing. Abstract: There is a trade-off between surge voltage and switching loss in power semiconductors, and it has been difficult to reduce both. In order to solve this problem, the digital gate drive method has been studied. However, the digital gate drive method has the problem that the gate drive circuit is complicated and it takes time to search for the optimal drive waveform. In this study, we have proposed a new method that does not require optimization search, but only adds a simple circuit, which is expected to have the same effect as the digital gate drive method. |
6,053 | Please write an abstract with title: Electricity industry reform in Western Australia, and key words: Australia, Power generation, Government, Electricity supply industry, Power markets, Power supplies, Standby generators, Legislation, Costs, Power generation economics. Abstract: The Government of Western Australia has recently embarked on a major restructuring of the electricity industry and the development of a wholesale electricity market. It plans to split Western Power, the dominant government owned integrated electricity utility, into four entities by July 2004 and to implement a competitive wholesale electricity market in the South West of WA by July 2006. The four successor entities representing the current networks, generation, retail and regional power business units of Western Power will remain government owned and will initially be the dominant players in the electricity marketplace. Because of the isolation and the relatively small size of the South West System, to design a competitive market that will provide real benefits from greater competition in trading electricity without compromising security is not an easy task. The solution that has been proposed is unique to Western Australia and will provide for five separate trading mechanisms. Initially it will substantially replicate the current limited electricity trading in which the dominant supplier. Western Power provides access to its networks for third parties to undertake bilateral trading. However the design will provide sufficient flexibility to accommodate greater levels of competition as the market matures. |
6,054 | Please write an abstract with title: Wind Direction Estimation and Accuracy Retrieval from Sentinel-1 SAR Images Under Thermal and Dynamical Unstable Conditions, and key words: Analytical models, Wind speed, Geoscience and remote sensing, Estimation, Predictive models, Radar polarimetry, Wind forecasting. Abstract: Windrows signatures on SAR images are analyzed to estimate their orientation and their estimated accuracy with respect to reference wind direction provided by buoy and model. The accuracy dependency to several parameters of interest such as wind speed, processing internal variables, incidence angle, a priori presence of wind streaks but also SAR product acquisition modes and polarizations is analyzed. Regression models provide a satisfying method to combine these parameters and predict the a priori error on the estimated wind direction, crucial for any downstream application. |
6,055 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fuzzy Logic-Based System of Abnormal Behavior Detection Using PoseNet for Smart Security System, and key words: Training, Fuzzy logic, Visualization, Image resolution, Pose estimation, Media, Real-time systems. Abstract: This paper aims to contribute towards creating ambient abnormal behavior detection for smart security system from real-time human pose estimation using fuzzy-based systems. Human poses from keypoint detected by pose estimation model are transformed to as angle positions of the axis between human bodies joints comparing to reference point in the axis x to deal with problem of the position change occurred when an individual move in the image. Also, the article attempts to resolve the problem of the ambiguity interpreting the poses with triangular fuzzy logic-based system that determines the detected individual behavior and compares to the poses previously learnt, trained, and recorded by the system. The experiment reveals that the accuracy of the system ranges between 90.75% (maximum) and 84% (minimum). This means that if the accuracy of the system at 85%. The system can be applied to guide future research for designing automatic visual human behavior detection systems. |
6,056 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast Analysis of Metasurfaces Composed of Asymmetric Scatterers Using FDTD With Anisotropic Surface Susceptibility Model, and key words: Mathematical models, Metasurfaces, Time-domain analysis, Finite difference methods, Finite element analysis, Scattering, Surface waves. Abstract: The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with surface susceptibility model (SSM) had been developed to accelerate metasurfaces analysis before. However, the previous work is confined to symmetric scattering elements. This letter thus generalizes the FDTD-SSM algorithm to analyze metasurfaces composed of asymmetric scattering elements. We first classify the problem and then derive and present the corresponding FDTD-SSM equations. The validity and efficiency of the proposed FDTD-SSM algorithms are demonstrated through numerical experiments. |
6,057 | Please write an abstract with title: Quality Assurance for Automated Commit Message Generation, and key words: Quality assurance, Filtering, Conferences, Collaborative filtering, Semantics, Writing, Filtering algorithms. Abstract: Many automated commit message generation (CMG) approaches have been proposed for facilitating the understanding of software changes. They are shown to be promising and can generate commit messages that are semantically relevant to the reference messages for a number of commits. However, a large proportion (over 50%) of semantically irrelevant commit messages are also generated simultaneously. Such messages may mislead developers, require additional efforts of developers to confirm and filter out, and hinder the application of existing CMG approaches in practice. For tackling this problem, prior work mainly focuses on proposing new methods to improve the generation accuracy. However, another promising way for bridging the gap between CMG approaches and the practice has not been well investigated, which is: can we automatically assure the semantic relevance of the generated messages?To that end, in this work, we propose an automated Quality A ssurance framework for commit message generation (QAcom). QAcom can assure the quality of generated commit messages by automatically filtering out the semantically-irrelevant generated messages and preserving the semantically-relevant ones as many as possible. In particular, QAcom consists of a Collaborative-Filtering-based (CF) component and a Retrieval-based (RE) component. Given a commit message generated by a CMG approach, QAcom estimates whether this generated message is semantically relevant to its ground truth, which is unknown when estimating, based on both the collaborative filtering algorithm and the similarity between this commit and historical commits. We evaluate the effectiveness of QAcom by "plugging" it in three state-of-the-art CMG approaches. Experimental results on three public datasets show that QAcom can effectively filter out semantically-irrelevant generated messages and preserve semantically-relevant ones. |
6,058 | Please write an abstract with title: Mechanical Design Solutions for Buoys to be Used in the Marginal Ice Zone, and key words: Connectors, Ice thickness, Thickness measurement, Transportation, Temperature sensors, Hoses, Capacitive sensors, Robustness, Seismic measurements, Assembly. Abstract: A series of four hulls were to be designed for launch either in open water or through ice in the marginal ice zone (MIZ). This paper reports on solutions implemented up to the third buoy of the series. Maintaining structural integrity for each of these buoys is critical to their survival. The units must be small enough to permit insertion via an eight inch hole if deployed through the ice, they must be designed rugged enough to survive the unfriendly MIZ environment, and since they are to be expendable, cost must be minimized. Units are to have an operating life of six months minimum and must be modular for transportation reasons but easily assembled on site without tools. Details of the ice penetrator and electro-mechanical connector designs are highlighted along with some details of the environmental considerations. |
6,059 | Please write an abstract with title: Sampled-Data Observer Design With Exponential Time-Varying Gains for Semilinear Parabolic PDE Systems, and key words: Estimation error, Automation, Stability, Observers, Gain measurement, Linear matrix inequalities, Control theory. Abstract: For semilinear parabolic PDE systems, the sampled-data observer (SDO) design under spatially point measurements (SPMs) with exponential time-varying gains is concerned. On basis of a Lyapunov functional, a SDO with exponential time-varying gains under SPMs via linear matrix inequalities is presented to guarantee the exponential stability of estimation error PDE system. Lastly, two numerical examples are provided to support the proposed SDO design approach. |
6,060 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Research of The Multifunctional Mobile Manipulator Based on ROS, and key words: Manipulators, Navigation, Cameras, Grasping, Robots, Pose estimation, Task analysis. Abstract: The mobile manipulator is a composite robot which has the characteristics of the mobile base and the manipulator, achieves the functions of each separate platform and completes more complex tasks. This paper proposes a multifunctional configuration of a mobile manipulator which could achieve multiple functions, including navigation and positioning, manipulator control, object pose estimation, indoor planar environment detection and object grasping. It could be widely used in the field of logistics sorting and complex assembly tasks. |
6,061 | Please write an abstract with title: A LC Voltage Equalization Methodology to Enable Balancing of Li-ion Cells Connected in Series, and key words: Lithium-ion batteries, Electric potential, Technological innovation, Greenhouse effect, Transportation, Electric vehicles, Safety. Abstract: A Li-ion cells are rechargeable batteries, commonly used in portable electronics as well as electric vehicles. The electric transportation will represent 35% of the world's vehicles by 2040 due to its potential to reduce the Greenhouse gases (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere by 65%. Electric vehicles have received considerable attention as a valid alternative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, a BMS with balancing of Li-Ion batteries as well as individual cell monitoring in EV applications, there are still significant problems. The effective cell balancing as well as monitoring techniques are necessary to extend the battery life along with protection. The development of an LC voltage equalization mechanism is discussed in this paper for maintaining equal voltage across each cell connected in series in the battery pack. The developed control procedure manages the entire processes of battery cell balancing, charging, discharging and monitoring respectively. |
6,062 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental Wargames to Address the Complexity–Scarcity Gap, and key words: Data models, Games, Biological system modeling, Tools, Stability analysis, Computational modeling, National security. Abstract: National security decisions are driven by complex, interconnected contextual, individual, and strategic variables. Modeling and simulation tools are often used to identify relevant patterns, which can then be shaped through policy remedies. In the paper to follow, however, we argue that models of these scenarios may be prone to the complexity-scarcity gap, in which relevant scenarios are too complex to model from first principles and data from historical scenarios are too sparse-making it difficult to draw representative conclusions. The result are models that are either too simple or are unduly biased by the assumptions of the analyst. We outline a new method of quantitative inquiry-experimental wargaming-as a means to bridge the complexity-scarcity gap that offers human-generated, empirical data to inform a variety of model and simulation tasks (model building, calibration, testing, and validation). Below, we briefly describe SIGNAL-our first-of-a-kind experimental wargame designed to study strategic stability in conflict settings with nuclear weapons. We then highlight the potential utility of this data for modeling and simulation efforts in the future using this data. |
6,063 | Please write an abstract with title: Two-point estimate method for quantifying transfer capability uncertainty, and key words: Uncertainty, Safety, Load flow, Probability distribution, Power system reliability, Power system analysis computing, Transmission line measurements, Power system security, Monte Carlo methods, Parameter estimation. Abstract: A two-point estimate method is proposed in this paper to assess the power transfer capability uncertainty. This paper assumes that the uncertainty of the line parameters and bus injections involved in transfer capability calculations can be estimated or measured and shows how to estimate the corresponding uncertainty in the transfer capability. Instead of using a large number of simulations as required in the Monte Carlo approach, for a system with n uncertain parameters, the two-point estimate method uses 2n calculations of transfer capability to quantify the uncertainty. The proposed method uses a numerical method to calculate the moments of the transfer capability. The moments are then used in the probability distribution fitting. Using the obtained transfer capability uncertainty information and a desired level of reliability, an adequate transmission reliability margin can be determined for each transmission service. The proposed method can be used directly with a deterministic computer program and it does not require derivatives of the transfer capability. Test results of the proposed method are compared with those obtained from the Monte Carlo simulations and a truncated Taylor series expansion method. |
6,064 | Please write an abstract with title: Online Evaluation and Deduction of Power System Dynamic Voltage Support Availability, and key words: Dynamic Voltage Support Availability, online evaluation, future state reduction. Abstract: The online utility renewable energy station has increased continuously in scale into the major power grid. The local power-load balance has shifted entirely into the UHVDC long-distance transfer and remote load center consumption mode. The new mode leads to a considerable amount of conventional units at both the sending and receiving end being retired. These retire trend results in a new challenge to the security of grid voltage on both sides. In this paper, the downward dynamic voltage support availability (DVSA) is first proposed to provide a quantitively judgement for the prominent transient voltage instability and power grid transient overvoltage at both ends. Thereafter, the relationship between the dynamic voltage support availability and the reactive power demand after disturbances is also discovered. The DVSA problem has a strong connection to their local reactive power reserve. Therefore, to distinguish the difference of multi-area power system DVSAs, the DVSA-based partition and weak partition screening methods are proposed as well. In the end, an online evaluation method of the area DVSA value is proposed considering the analysis time-window. This fast evaluation method for the power grid's DVSA weak moment and weak area is proposed in response to the grid's future operation mode. The rationality of the DVSA index proposed in this paper is verified by using industrial provincial power grid simulations. |
6,065 | Please write an abstract with title: Mutual information-based 3D surface matching with applications to face recognition and brain mapping, and key words: Face recognition, Brain mapping, Mutual information, Shape, Biomedical imaging, Computer applications, Brain modeling, Anatomy, Geometry, Topology. Abstract: Face recognition and many medical imaging applications require the computation of dense correspondence vector fields that match one surface with another. In brain imaging, surface-based registration is useful for tracking brain change, and for creating statistical shape models of anatomy. Based on surface correspondences, metrics can also be designed to measure differences in facial geometry and expressions. To avoid the need for a large set of manually-defined landmarks to constrain these surface correspondences, we developed an algorithm to automate the matching of surface features. It extends the mutual information method to automatically match general 3D surfaces (including surfaces with a branching topology). We use diffeomorphic flows to optimally align the Riemann surface structures of two surfaces. First, we use holomorphic I-forms to induce consistent conformal grids on both surfaces. High genus surfaces are mapped to a set of rectangles in the Euclidean plane and closed genus-zero surfaces are mapped to the sphere. Next, we compute stable geometric features (mean curvature and conformal factor) and pull them back as scalar fields onto the 2D parameter domains. Mutual information is used as a cost functional to drive a fluid flow in the parameter domain that optimally aligns these surface features. A diffeomorphic surface-to-surface mapping is then recovered that matches surfaces in 3D. Lastly, we present a spectral method that ensures that the grids induced on the target surface remain conformal when pulled through the correspondence field. Using the chain rule, we express the gradient of the mutual information between surfaces in the conformal basis of the source surface. This finite-dimensional linear space generates all conformal reparameterizations of the surface. Illustrative experiments apply the method to face recognition and to the registration of brain structures, such as the hippocampus in 3D MRI scans, a key step in understanding brain shape alterations in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. |
6,066 | Please write an abstract with title: Probabilistic analysis for basis selection via /spl lscr//sub p/ diversity measures, and key words: Dictionaries, Performance analysis, Electric variables measurement, Application software, Signal representations, Sparse matrices, Veins, Vectors, Linear programming. Abstract: Finding sparse representations of signals is an important problem in many application domains. Unfortunately, when the signal dictionary is overcomplete, finding the sparsest representation is NP-hard without some prior knowledge of the solution. However, suppose that we have access to such information. Is it possible to demonstrate any performance bounds in this restricted setting? We examine this question with respect to algorithms that minimize general /spl lscr//sub p/-norm-like diversity measures. Using randomized dictionaries, we analyze performance probabilistically under two conditions. First, when 0/spl les/p/spl les/1, we quantify (almost surely) the number and quality of every local minimum. Next, for the p=1 case, we extend the deterministic results of D.L. Donoho and M. Elad (see Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol.100, no.5, 2003) by deriving explicit confidence intervals for a theoretical equivalence bound, under which the minimum /spl lscr//sub 1/-norm solution is guaranteed to equal the maximally sparse solution. These results elucidate our previous empirical studies applying /spl lscr//sub p/ measures to basis selection tasks. |
6,067 | Please write an abstract with title: The iterative NCDE algorithm for ARMA system identification and spectral estimation, and key words: Iterative algorithms, System identification, Autoregressive processes, White noise, Taylor series, Nonlinear equations, Least squares approximation, Parameter estimation, System testing, Transfer functions. Abstract: The problem of identifying autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models with observational output data is addressed within this report. In the absence of actual input data, the ARMA identification problem is nonlinear in the parameters. The new general ARMA algorithm derived within, entitled NCDE, makes use of the Yule-Walker equations for input estimation and a least squares input-output ARMA algorithm for initial parameter estimation. The NCDE algorithm has been tested and results show that it is both effective and efficient for autoregressive (AR), moving average (MA) and ARMA system identification via the application of an ARMA model. |
6,068 | Please write an abstract with title: Lite-Stereo: A Resource-Efficient Hardware Accelerator for Real-Time High-Quality Stereo Estimation Using Binary Neural Network, and key words: Hardware acceleration, Field programmable gate arrays, Stereo vision, Deep learning, Neural networks. Abstract: Stereo estimation plays a key role in many autonomous systems, such as robotics and self-driving cars. Recent work on StereoEngine, an FPGA-based accelerator for deep neural network (DNN)-based stereo estimation, has been demonstrated as a promising solution to achieve both real-time and high accuracy performance for depth sensing. However, this solution still suffers from over-utilizing the hardware resource of FPGAs. In this article, we present Lite-Stereo, a resource-efficient DNN-based stereo vision accelerator to improve the hardware efficiency for StereoEngine running on a resource-constrained FPGA. To achieve this, we design a set of optimized hardware architectures for resource-demanding bottleneck modules. In order to balance the gap between the processing speed and resource efficiency, the process elements in binary neural network modules are shared within and across modules. In addition, we provide reusing strategies on path aggregation and neighbor calculation to improve the resource efficiency of the semi-global matching module. Evaluation results demonstrate that Lite-Stereo reduces the hardware cost of ALUTs and RAM bits by 60% and 29%, respectively, without compromising the accuracy and energy efficiency compared with StereoEngine. |
6,069 | Please write an abstract with title: Packet Chasing: Spying on Network Packets over a Cache Side-Channel, and key words: Side-Channel Attacks, Cache Attacks, DDIO, Packet Processing, Security, Microarchitecture Security. Abstract: This paper presents Packet Chasing, an attack on the network that does not require access to the network, and works regardless of the privilege level of the process receiving the packets. A spy process can easily probe and discover the exact cache location of each buffer used by the network driver. Even more useful, it can discover the exact sequence in which those buffers are used to receive packets. This then enables packet frequency and packet sizes to be monitored through cache side channels. This allows both covert channels between a sender and a remote spy with no access to the network, as well as direct attacks that can identify, among other things, the web page access patterns of a victim on the network. In addition to identifying the potential attack, this work proposes a software-based short-term mitigation as well as a light-weight, adaptive, cache partitioning mitigation that blocks the interference of I/O and CPU requests in the last-level cache. |
6,070 | Please write an abstract with title: RNN-BOF: A Multivariate Global Recurrent Neural Network for Binary Outcome Forecasting of Inpatient Aggression, and key words: Recurrent neural networks, Instruments, Time series analysis, Machine learning, Predictive models, Probabilistic logic, Data models. Abstract: Psychometric assessment instruments aid clinicians by providing methods of assessing the future risk of adverse events such as aggression. Existing machine learning approaches have treated this as a classification problem, predicting the probability of an adverse event in a fixed future time period from the scores produced by both psychometric instruments and clinical and demographic covariates. We instead propose modelling a patient's future risk using a time series methodology that learns from longitudinal data and produces a probabilistic binary forecast that indicates the presence of the adverse event in the next time period. Based on the recent success of Deep Neural Nets for globally forecasting across many time series, we introduce a global multivariate Recurrent Neural Network for Binary Outcome Forecasting, that trains from and for a population of patient time series to produce individual probabilistic risk assessments. We use a moving window training scheme on a real world dataset of 83 patients, where the main binary time series represents the presence of aggressive events and covariate time series represent clinical or demographic features and psychometric measures. On this dataset our approach was capable of a significant performance increase against both benchmark psychometric instruments and previously used machine learning methodologies. |
6,071 | Please write an abstract with title: Observation of flexural modes in FBAR resonators at MHz frequencies, and key words: Film bulk acoustic resonators, Resonant frequency, Biomembranes, Laboratories, Visualization, Stress, Drives, Laser modes, Lasers and electrooptics, Probes. Abstract: Agilent GHz FBAR resonators are fabricated as suspended membranes of piezoelectric AlN. These vibrate as plate mode resonators in a symmetric or S/sub m,n/ type mode, with the resonant frequencies controlled by the thickness of the membrane, /spl sim/1 micron for GHz frequencies. There also exists a class of anti-symmetric or A/sub m,n/ type flexural plate modes. Resonators operating in this mode exhibit frequencies controlled by both the lateral dimensions and the residual stress in the plate. Unlike the symmetric modes, the A/sub m,n/ modes are much harder to excite by the symmetric FBAR structure, are not easily observed at the electrical port, and occur in the MHz range for structures with lateral dimensions /spl sim/100 microns. The imaging acoustic interferometer is a technique to visualize GHz rate vibrations in FBAR resonators, at sub-nanometer displacements. This paper describes an extension of that technique, which allows MHz rate A/sub m,n/ mode vibrations to be visualized. The first few flexural modes were observed, and will be presented as images made while operating at their respective resonant frequencies. Such modes exhibit a rich structure of nodes and phase reversals of the vertical motion. Over 21 modes were observed in the range 0.5 to 15 MHz. The Q is observed to be /spl sim/100. The flexural modes can be analyzed with a combined plate/drumhead theory, and the resonant frequencies f/sub m,n/ are found to depend on the material properties, static film stress, and the lateral dimensions. This theory yields a regression fit to the data with a goodness of fit coefficient r/sup 2/>0.95. |
6,072 | Please write an abstract with title: High-density magnetic recording, and key words: Magnetic recording, Magnetic heads, Coils, Audio recording, Magnetic separation, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness, Frequency, Magnetic noise, Aging. Abstract: By improving the mechanical properties of magnetic recording heads and recording media, it has been possible to demonstrate consistent recordings at information densities up to 40,000 cycles per inch. No fundamental magnetic limit to the maximum recording density has been detected. The major mechanical limitation appears to be the effective head-tape separation due to mechanical surface roughness of the medium. Tape noise arises from both body and surface effects, but their relative importance is not clear. High-frequency recording in the region of several megacycles introduces no special problems with heads of suitable design, such as the outside coil head. Based on present experimental results, a maximum recording density of the order of 100,000 cycles per inch is predicted. |
6,073 | Please write an abstract with title: A System for Co-Registration of High-Resolution Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Whole-Mount Pathology for Prostate Cancer, and key words: Pathology, Ultrasonic imaging, Magnetic resonance imaging, Sensitivity and specificity, Clinical trials, Imaging phantoms, Biology. Abstract: In order to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) for detection of prostate cancer, it must be validated against whole-mount pathology. An ex-vivo HRUS scanning system was developed and tested in phantom and human tissue experiments to allow for in-plane computational co-registration of HRUS with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and whole-mount pathology. The system allowed for co-registration with an error of 1.9mm±1.4mm, while also demonstrating an ability to allow for lesion identification.Clinical Relevance— Using this system, a workflow can be established to co-register HRUS with MRI and pathology to allow for the diagnostic accuracy of HRUS to be determined with direct comparison to MRI. |
6,074 | Please write an abstract with title: A Single Stage Three Phase Modified Vienna Rectifier with Power Electronic Scott Connection Transformer, and key words: Reactive power, Power system measurements, Density measurement, Capacitors, Rectifiers, Switches, Power electronics. Abstract: The need for non regenerative pulse width modulated type rectifier is increasing day by day in areas requiring unidirectional power flow. A three phase modified Vienna Rectifier based on power electronic Scott connection transformer with reduced switch count is proposed in this paper. Power electronic Scott connection transformer avail the advantage of size and weight reduction. Major advantages are: there is a single stage conversion, there is no need of intermediate bulky dc link capacitor which is not reliable, also high power density is achieved. This paper uses decoupled d-q reference frame control technique for maintaining unity power factor and to give rectified output. |
6,075 | Please write an abstract with title: Benchmark for Evaluating Pedestrian Action Prediction, and key words: Convolutional codes, Training, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Protocols, Computational modeling, Benchmark testing. Abstract: Pedestrian action prediction has been a topic of active research in recent years resulting in many new algorithmic solutions. However, measuring the overall progress towards solving this problem is difficult due to the lack of publicly available benchmarks and common training and evaluation procedures. To this end, we introduce a benchmark based on two public datasets for pedestrian behavior understanding. Using the proposed evaluation procedures, we rank a number of baseline and state-of-the-art models and analyze their performance with respect to various properties of the data. Based on these findings we propose a new model for pedestrian crossing action prediction that uses attention mechanisms to effectively combine implicit and explicit features and demonstrate new state-of-the-art results. The code for models and evaluation is available at https://github.com/ykotseruba/PedestrianActionBenchmark. |
6,076 | Please write an abstract with title: On the complexity of "Always Best Connected" in 4G mobile networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Wireless LAN, Intelligent agent, 4G mobile communication, Wireless application protocol, Roaming, Mobile communication, GSM, 3G mobile communication, Cellular networks. Abstract: Global developments in wireless communications have shaped a novel, user-centric vision for the next generation of mobile systems and wireless access network broadly termed "4G". This widely accepted vision sketches a heterogeneous infrastructure comprising different wireless access systems in a complementary manner, where the user, supported by his/her personal intelligent agent(s), enjoys untethered connectivity and ubiquitous access to applications, value-added services and multimedia content over the most efficient combination of wireless and wireline systems available. We proceed to analyze the implications of this "Always Best Connected" vision to identify pivotal concepts and formulate an appropriate model. Furthermore, we proceed to analyze the complexity of our proposed model by showing that, in principle, being "Always Best Connected" translates to family of problems that are known to be NP-hard. |
6,077 | Please write an abstract with title: Max-Min Fairness Optimization in Uplink Cell-Free Massive MIMO Using Meta-Heuristics, and key words: Optimization, Resource management, Power control, Receivers, Computational complexity, Scalability, Programming. Abstract: One of the most promising technologies to be employed in beyond 5G networks is based on the concept of cell-free (CF) massive MIMO, in which a predetermined set of access points (APs) jointly cooperate in the data transmission and reception to/from the user equipment (UE). In order to efficiently manage radio resources, the CF central processing unit implement uplink power control policies. These policies aim to optimize a given network utility function. In this paper, we investigate the max-min fairness optimization problem, in which the spectral efficiency performance of the UE with the worst channel conditions is prioritized, taking into account a per-UE power constraint and assuming linear maximum ratio combining at APs. Existing solutions have typically relied on second-order cone programming with convex approximations, which exhibit high computational complexity and scalability issues. Therefore, meta-heuristics (MHs) are explored as alternative optimization schemes, capable of providing (near)-optimal solutions with reasonable computational effort. Three MH approaches with different operation principles are compared. Numerical results show that the differential evolution algorithm exhibits the best trade-off between solution quality and run time, being able to reach (near)-optimal solutions faster than the bisection approach while coping with the scalability issues of the geometric programming-based algorithm. |
6,078 | Please write an abstract with title: Modern Stage Performance Simulation Based on Augmented Reality Style, and key words: Industries, Human computer interaction, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Art, Visual effects, Software. Abstract: Drawing on the Spring Festival Gala stage, a virtual simulation system based on Unity3D and adapted to contemporary stage effects is developed for the characteristics of modern Augmented Reality (AR) style stage shows. This paper proposes the realization ideas and methods of using the Shader module of Unity3D and the OpenCV plug-in component in Unity3D to simulate the stage effects such as naked-eye 3D, AR technology, and video matting effects. The combination of Unity3D virtual simulation and stage performance art can assist the program team in the design and rehearsal of the stage performance, and promote the transformation of the performance industry and the transformation of the production model. |
6,079 | Please write an abstract with title: Ventilatory Thresholds Estimation Based on ECG-derived Respiratory Rate, and key words: Economics, Estimation error, Smoothing methods, Wearable computers, Electrocardiography, Lead, Cardiology. Abstract: The purpose of this work is to study the feasibility of estimating the first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2, respectively) by using electrocardiogram (ECG)-derived respiratory rate during exercise testing. The ECGs of 25 healthy volunteers during cycle ergometer exercise test with increasing workload were analyzed. Time-varying respiratory rate was estimated from an ECG-derived respiration signal obtained from QRS slopes' range method. VT1 and VT2 were estimated as the points of maximum change in respiratory rate slope using polynomial spline smoothing. Reference VT1 and VT2 were determined from the ventilatory equivalents of <tex>$O_{2}$</tex> and <tex>$CO_{2}$</tex>. Estimation errors (in watts) of -13.96 (54.84) W for VT1 and -8.06 (39.63) Wfor VT2 (median (interquartile range)) were obtained, suggesting that ventilatory thresholds can be estimated from solely the ECG signal. |
6,080 | Please write an abstract with title: Replicability and Transparency for the Creation of Public Human User Video Game Datasets, and key words: Open source software, Computer games, Replicability, Transparency, Human computer interaction, Human-centered computing—Collaborative and social computing—Collaborative and social computing systems and tools—Open source software, Applied computing—Computers in other domains—Personal computers and PC applications—Computer games. Abstract: Replicability is absent in games research; a lack of transparency in protocol detail hinders scientific consensus and willingness to publish public datasets, impacting the application of these techniques in video games research. To combat this, we propose and give an example of the use of a set of experimental considerations, such as games and materials choice. This work promotes the communication of research protocols when publishing datasets, benefiting researchers when designing experiments. |
6,081 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a Multichannel PAM Telephone Transmission System, and key words: Telephony, Road transportation, Filters, Integrated circuit interconnections, Time division multiplexing, Insertion loss, Propagation losses, Pulse modulation, Communications technology, Time measurement. Abstract: This paper outlines the design features, principles of operation, and performance characteristics of a voice transmission path employed in an electronic telephone switching system. The transmission path is two-wire, bidirectional, and incorporates PulseAmplitude Modulation (PAM) as a means of interconnecting the subscribers' line circuits. The system provides facility for 100 simultaneous conversations or "links" in the form of 100 discrete time positions. The techniques employed for supervising and signaling the subscriber's line are also described. |
6,082 | Please write an abstract with title: Soft Growing Robot to Enable Monitoring Applications in Remote Constrained Environments, and key words: Temperature measurement, Temperature sensors, Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Transducers, Transportation, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: Soft continuum robots are a new class of robotic devices, which are very promising for enabling measurement applications especially in remote, difficult-to-reach environments. In this work, we propose the use of a particular soft robot, which is able to evert and steer from the tip, as a sensor delivery system. The measurement system consists of two major sections: i) the robotic platform for movement purposes; and ii) the sensing part (i.e., a sensor attached to its tip to enable the measurement). As a case study of the use of the soft-growing robot as a sensor-delivery system, the transportation of a wireless temperature sensor towards a remote hot source was considered. The preliminary results anticipate the suitability of soft continuum robotic platforms for remote applications in confined and constrained environments. |
6,083 | Please write an abstract with title: Influence of laser radiation on carbon nanostructures in order to improve their electrophysical characteristics, and key words: Radiation effects, Graphene, Carbon dioxide, Carbon nanotubes, Optics, Chemical lasers, Silicon. Abstract: This paper presents a method for creating electrically conductive nanostructures from carbon nanotubes (CNT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on a Si substrate by laser irradiation and a method for structuring vertical CNT arrays. Electrically conductive CNT/rGO network was obtained under the action of pulsed laser radiation. Also, laser radiation in combination with the chemical BaO treatment led to the structuring of a vertically grown CNT array with improved emission characteristics. |
6,084 | Please write an abstract with title: Generic Intent-based Networking Platform for E2E Network Slice Orchestration & Lifecycle Management, and key words: Hafnium compounds, Runtime, Quality of service, Machine learning, Graphical user interfaces, Decision making, Contracts. Abstract: 5G claims the service provisioning for a variety of new applications increasing orchestration complexity. Additionally, many different orchestrators and platforms have been developed over recent years to handle and control the network infrastructures. However, each of the orchestration platforms requires different expertise for handling them. The diversity and dynamicity in terms of requirements made it very complex for the operators to handle runtime operations. As with the increasing number of devices, the amount of traffic streamed over network deviates drastically making it impossible for network operators to handle the network operations manually. Hence automated platforms are a dire need, this work proposed a generic intent-based system that can automatically orchestrate and manage network lifecycle over multiple domains, sites and orchestrators. This system will include the orchestration over multiple domains access, transport and core and it also includes the use of Machine Learning for prediction of resource status for proactive decision making to manage the slice lifecycle automatically. |
6,085 | Please write an abstract with title: Entropy-Based Proofs of Combinatorial Results on Bipartite Graphs, and key words: Upper bound, Color, Entropy, Bipartite graph, Information theory. Abstract: This work considers new entropy-based proofs of some known, or otherwise refined, combinatorial bounds for bipartite graphs. These include upper bounds on the number of the independent sets, lower bounds on the minimal number of colors in constrained edge coloring, and lower bounds on the number of walks of a given length in bipartite graphs. The proofs of these combinatorial results rely on basic properties of the Shannon entropy. |
6,086 | Please write an abstract with title: Complex Systems - Network Component Security of SCADA Systems, and key words: Integrated circuits, Protocols, SCADA systems, Process control, Market research, Software, Safety. Abstract: Over the past decade the complexity of industrial control systems (ICS) has been increasing rapidly. There are many reasons for this trend considering new technologies that offer a higher level of control and integration. In addition to that, the amount of data generated during the control of the industrial process is growing rapidly, which further generates a huge amount of internet traffic. Consequently, the resulting industrial control systems get more difficult to maintain, more exposed and more vulnerable to internal and external threats. These issues affect almost every component and ensuring adequate level of reliability and security of industrial control systems network components presents the biggest challenge. This paper addresses security issues of the supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) network component as a complex system and some of the best practices in the application of security guidelines of relevant institutions. In order to provide a basic understanding of the industry-specific environment from a security point of view, we will first give a brief overview of the ICS system as the wider SCADA system working environment, with a focus on core functions and quality requirements. We will further address SCADA system vulnerabilities, threats and protection methods. Finally, we will provide recommended protection and prevention strategies with an example of implementation. |
6,087 | Please write an abstract with title: Receiver-driven layered multicast using active networks, and key words: Error correction, Streaming media, Protection, Computer networks, Bandwidth, Multicast protocols, Transport protocols, Multicast algorithms, Throughput, IP networks. Abstract: This paper proposed a receiver-driven layered multicast scheme using active networks (RLM-AN). The multicast tree is regarded as a set of virtual links. TCP-friendly congestion control and FEC-based error control are performed on each virtual link. In order to solve the loss path multiplicity problem, the intermediate active nodes also perform error recovery. By introducing congestion control and error mechanisms in active nodes inside the network, we obtain smoother and more TCP-friendly throughputs and quicker response to congestion inside the network and much lower packet loss rate. |
6,088 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on fusion navigation of mobile robots based on map and no map, and key words: Electrical engineering, Navigation, Heuristic algorithms, Conferences, Switches, Radar, Real-time systems. Abstract: A robot fusion navigation system based on a map without a map is introduced. The A* algorithm is used for global planning, and the DWA algorithm is used for self-adaptation and dynamically adjust the navigation route. Experiments show that the fusion navigation system has higher scene adaptability and can complete navigation more efficiently. The new navigation mode of integrated navigation without map and map is introduced in detail. Can be more dynamic and flexible to complete navigation tasks on unknown map terrain. This project can automatically switch the behavior mode between the known and unknown map navigation. The A* algorithm is mainly used for global planning in areas with maps, two-dimensional radar scanning in unknown areas[1], real-time feedback of map roadblocks, and improved DWA algorithm for self-adaptation, dynamically planning routes, and providing the most efficient navigation route. |
6,089 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel joint estimator of direction-of-arrival and time-delay for multiple source localization, and key words: Direction of arrival estimation, Signal processing algorithms, Frequency estimation, Maximum likelihood estimation, Sensor arrays, Vectors, Biomedical signal processing, Signal resolution, Delay estimation, Filtering. Abstract: Source localization is one of the important topics in signal processing, in which a key problem is to jointly estimate direction-of-arrival (DOA) and time-delay for multiple sources. In this paper, a novel and efficient algorithm of joint DOA and time-delay estimation (named as ESPRIT-TDF algorithm) is proposed. Based on constructing two special types of covariance matrixes for two identical subarrays, both DOA and time-delay can be estimated simultaneously via rotational invariance technique and high-resolution time-delay frequency (TDF) technique. This algorithm is not only easy to be implemented with low computation but also suitable for multiple source localization where the non-minimum phase signal is frequently employed. Computer simulations and experiments in water tank are conducted to show the improved performance in precision and resolution by using the ESPRIT-TDF algorithm. |
6,090 | Please write an abstract with title: Signal Useful Information Recovery by Overlapping Supports of Time-Frequency Representations, and key words: Entropy, Complexity theory, Time-frequency analysis, Substrates, Frequency modulation, Feature extraction, Noise measurement. Abstract: This paper presents a novel method for automatic extraction of useful information from time-frequency distributions of noisy signals. Signals' features are examined through the combined analysis of their time-frequency energy distributions and inverse complexity maps. The inverse complexity approach gives a new entropy-based insight into the signal structure. These two approaches result in mostly disjoint time-frequency supports, overlapping only in the proximity of the signal components. Locations of the signal components (i.e., useful information) are thus identified by low complexity and high amplitude occurring together in the time-frequency plane. Compared to existing methods using only the time-frequency energy distribution, useful information extraction by the proposed method exhibits a significantly reduced error rate. |
6,091 | Please write an abstract with title: Collaborative Heterogeneity-Aware OS Scheduler for Asymmetric Multicore Processors, and key words: Instruction sets, Multicore processing, Runtime, Message systems, Acceleration, Sensitivity, Processor scheduling. Abstract: Asymmetric multicore processors (AMP) offer multiple types of cores under the same programming interface. Extracting the full potential of AMPs requires intelligent scheduling decisions, matching each thread with the right kind of core, the core that will maximize performance or minimize wasted energy for this thread. Existing OS schedulers are not up to this task. While they may handle certain aspects of asymmetry in the system, none can handle all runtime factors affecting AMPs for the general case of multi-threaded multi-programmed workloads. We address this problem by introducing COLAB, a general purpose asymmetry-aware scheduler targeting multi-threaded multi-programmed workloads. It estimates the performance and power of each thread on each type of core and identifies communication patterns and bottleneck threads. With this information, the scheduler makes coordinated core assignment and thread selection decisions that still provide each application its fair share of the processor's time. We evaluate our approach using both the GEM5 simulator on four distinct big.LITTLE configurations and a development board with ARM Cortex-A73/A53 processors and mixed workloads composed of PARSEC and SPLASH2 benchmarks. Compared to the state-of-the art Linux CFS and AMP-aware schedulers, we demonstrate performance gains of up to 25 and 5 to 15 percent on average, together with an average 5 percent energy saving depending on the hardware setup. |
6,092 | Please write an abstract with title: An Optimal Placement Model for Electric Springs in Distribution Networks, and key words: Reactive power, Load modeling, Mathematical model, Power electronics, Automatic voltage control. Abstract: The electric spring (ES) is a type of demand-response technology that improves the voltage quality of critical loads (CLs) in a distribution network. This paper, proposes an optimal placement model to determine the optimal placement locations and power ratings of ESs in a radial distribution network. The total voltage deviations with respect to the buses are proposed as the placement criteria. The non-critical loads (NCLs) with ESs are extended to power-electronics-based loads, and they are modeled as constant-power-type loads. The operation characteristics of the individual ESs are investigated and linearized. On the basis of the linearized Distflow equations, an optimal placement model is proposed for ESs in a radial distribution network. The proposed model is solved as a mixed integer linear program problem. As per the case-study results, the installation locations and power ratings of the ESs are mainly associated with the network topology, weight coefficients of the voltage deviations on different buses, and bus loads in the radial distribution network. |
6,093 | Please write an abstract with title: Stability Margin Analysis of Multi-inverter Grid-connected System Considering Asynchronous Control Period Under High Penetration, and key words: Resonant frequency, Power system stability, Harmonic analysis, Inverters, Stability analysis, Delays, Synchronization. Abstract: With the growth of renewable energy, grid-connected inverter as the interface has gradually increased its application. However, with the large-scale connection of inverters, resonance and stability problems have also been brought to distributed systems. Aiming at this issue, in this paper, a multi-parallel equivalent small signal model based on the structure of the multi-inverter grid-connected system is established firstly, and the expression of the output current of each inverter is obtained. According to the phase characteristics of the inverter’s output at different frequency bands, the output current expressions for synchronized and interleaved control period are further obtained. On this basis, influences of penetration, control gain and delay on harmonic or resonance are analyzed. Finally, a platform of four 30kW inverters is setup, and "resonance stability margin" method is proposed to verify the harmonic resonance characteristics of the inverter output current under high penetration. |
6,094 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards an IPFS-Blockchain based Authentication/Management System of Academic Certification in Western Balkans, and key words: Education, Prototypes, Technology transfer, Predictive models, Microcomputers, Real-time systems, Blockchains. Abstract: This paper presents an implementation which uses decentralized technologies such as blockchain and IPFS on the issuance and management of the academic certificates. The focus is on improving the actual process, as well as increasing integrity and trustworthiness of ownership of those certificates. The prototype we have developed is called BCert and its purpose is to add the certificates to blockchain network and to offer the possibility to verify them and make accessible to the potential stakeholders. It will also be used to verify that it is possible to upload a minimum of 32 certificates at one time and to evaluate speed of upload. BCert will aim to make the deployment and verification of those certificates quick, fast, secure, and efficient. It uses IPFS (Interplanetary File System) to have private logs and to increase efficiency. Additionally, based on the Technology Transfer concept, we predicted a model related to the launch of the technology to the market. The study was conducted online with 421 responses chosen randomly from several public and private universities in Albania and in Western Balkans. |
6,095 | Please write an abstract with title: Extended reach NRZ-OOK data transmission for 40G/60G/100G SWDM4 systems over multimode OM3/OM4 fibers, and key words: Optical fibers, Data centers, Stimulated emission, Bandwidth, Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical fiber communication, Optical fiber LAN. Abstract: We propose by system simulation, an extension of transmission distances for shortwave wavelength division multiplexing applications such as 40G-SWDM4, 60G-SWDM4 and 100G-SWDM4 links over multimode (MMF) OM3 and OM4 fibers using vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) as an optical source. This could be a solution for upgrading optical transmission systems in data centers. Non-return to zero - on off keying (NRZ-OOK) data is transmitted over 420 m of OM3 fiber and 655 m of OM4 fiber for 40G-SWDM4 applications, as well as 220 m of OM3 fiber and 340 m of OM4 fiber for 60G-SWDM4 applications, whereas for 100G-SWDM4 applications, this data is transmitted over 150 m of OM3 fiber and 225 m of OM4 fiber. Bit error rate curves as a function of the received optical power for all the wavelengths 850 nm, 880 nm, 910 nm and 940 nm used made it possible to demonstrate the impact of the modal bandwidth of these fibers on each of these wavelengths. |
6,096 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of High-level Synthesis Oriented Background Scroll Function Considering Hierarchy of Game Display Frame, and key words: Image resolution, Games, Programming, Logic gates, Hardware, Software, Libraries. Abstract: We are developing background scrolling function in High-Level Synthesizable game programing library to realize high-performance and power-saving mobile terminals executing game applications by using hardware execution in Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA. High-Level Synthesis converts software into hardware automatically and it can reduce heavy burden of hardware development. In game application, display resolution has not to be always same as game screen size. The hierarchy layering game screens with varying sizes on the display frame may provide more engaging effect to the game application. In such case like the size of game screen differs from the display resolution, the appropriate integration of the updated game screen into the display frame is required. Performing updating and embedding the game screen individually may lead to degrade the performance of hardware because useless memory copies become bottleneck. To solve this problem for the background scrolling on the game screen, we extend our function to fit the background scrolled to physical display resolution simultaneously. That is, this paper proposes a high-level synthesizable software description method for background scrolling considering hierarchy of display frame and evaluates this effect. |
6,097 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Position Control for Unmanned Small Vehicle (Application for Vessel), and key words: Industries, Computational modeling, Transportation, Control systems, Land vehicles, Filtering theory, Stability analysis. Abstract: Unmanned surface and the underwater vehicle in the marine industry have advanced since 1960s, in terms of delivery and technology but a bit left behind compared to the development of unmanned ground vehicles. The system for stability is vast for ground vehicles since it is less complex and becomes more common transports used by men. Therefore, many kinds of research have been explored in this area to improve water transportation due to many losses of benefits if the field is to be neglected. Therefore, this paper conducts and collects study on Dynamic Positioning (DP) control system for small vessels to gain and proposed the optimized solution based on the recent theories regarding the field area. By initially experimenting on computer simulation, the methodology is applied carefully, step by step before being implemented on the real USV planned for this study. In short, the Fuzzy control system is applied in conjunction with the Kalman filtering theory, which both have been proved efficient based on recent study and simulation on a model ship. |
6,098 | Please write an abstract with title: Resonant Oscillations of the Coupled Controlled System Near Equilibrium, and key words: Oscillators, Control systems, Resonant frequency, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Autonomous systems, Linear approximation. Abstract: We consider a nonlinear autonomous coupled system of a general type in the vicinity of equilibrium. It is assumed that the linear approximation matrix has a pair of purely imaginary eigenvalues; other eigenvalues are not multiples of the specified ones and are different from zero. We study the oscillations under the action of a periodic controls with a small regulator gain. The existence of a resonant oscillation of the controlled system is established, the oscillation amplitudes are estimated in terms of the value of regulator gain, the stability of the oscillation is analyzed. Previously, the result was known for the Lyapunov system. |
6,099 | Please write an abstract with title: Vision based Integrated System for Automated Anodic Bonding of MEMS Sensors, and key words: Machine vision, Micromechanical devices, Sensor systems, Aerospace industry, Batch production systems, Micromanipulators, Bonding forces, Piezoresistance, Silicon, Automotive engineering. Abstract: Piezoresistive silicon pressure sensors are widely used in automotive, aerospace and medical equipment industries. Batch bonding of the sensors is limited by the manual manipulation required specially trained technicians. In order to reduce the production costs and simultaneously obtain high production quality, a vision based integrated system for automated anodic bonding is presented. This system consists of a vision subsystem, macro/micro stages, a vacuum micromanipulator, and some additional subsystems. The macro/micro stage performs fine positioning and bonding under the navigation of the vision, the vacuum micromanipulator integrated with smart force sensor can perform highly-precise bonding tasks and a nondestructive transportation of the chip and the quartz base. To perform manipulations automatically, a control system, including a task planning level and a real-time execution level, was developed. The automated batch bonding is validated by further experiment |
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