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6,600 | Please write an abstract with title: Delay-sensitive and Priority-aware Task Offloading for Edge Computing-assisted Healthcare Services, and key words: Processor scheduling, Computational modeling, Medical services, Time factors, Servers, Reliability, Task analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we study the priority-aware task data offloading in edge computing-assisted healthcare service provisioning. The edge server aims to provide additional computing resources to the end-users for processing the delay-sensitive tasks. However, at the same time, it becomes a challenging issue when some of the tasks demand lower response time compared to the other tasks. We present a priority-aware task offloading and scheduling strategy that allocates the computing resources to the high-priority tasks. The hard-deadline tasks are processed first. Later, the remaining computing resources are used to tolerate longer average response time for the soft-deadline tasks. Moreover, we derive a lower bound of the average response time for all hard- and soft-deadline tasks. Through extensive simulations, we show that the proposed task scheduling manages to allocate the computing resources of both end-users and edge server to the hard-deadline tasks while scheduling the soft-deadline tasks with low priority. |
6,601 | Please write an abstract with title: Interaction-Aware Trajectory Prediction of Connected Vehicles using CNN-LSTM Networks, and key words: Trajectory, Vehicle dynamics, History, Predictive models, Feature extraction, Connected vehicles, Decoding. Abstract: Predicting the future trajectory of a surrounding vehicle in congested traffic is one of the necessary abilities of an autonomous vehicle. In congestion, a vehicle's future movement is the result of its interaction with surrounding vehicles. A vehicle in congestion may have many neighbors in a relatively short distance, while only a small part of neighbors affect its future trajectory mostly. In this work, An interaction-aware method that predicts the future trajectory of an ego vehicle considering its interaction with eight surrounding vehicles is proposed. The dynamics of vehicles are encoded by LSTMs with shared weights, and the interaction is extracted with a simple CNN. The proposed model is trained and tested on trajectories extracted from the publicly accessible NGSIM US-101 dataset. Quantitative experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms previous models in root-mean-square error (RMSE). Results visualization shows that the model is able to predict future trajectory induced by lane change before the vehicle operates noticeable lateral movement to initiate lane changing. |
6,602 | Please write an abstract with title: Hyperspectral Image Denoising via Clustering-Based Latent Variable in Variational Bayesian Framework, and key words: Runtime, Gaussian noise, Simulation, Noise reduction, Switches, Bayes methods, Mathematical model. Abstract: The hyperspectral-image (HSI) noise-reduction step is a very significant preprocessing phase of data-quality enhancement. It has been attracting immense research attention in the remote sensing and image processing domains. Many methods have been developed for HSI restoration, the goal of which is to remove noise from the whole HSI cube simultaneously without considering the spectral-spatial similarity. When a noise-removal algorithm is used globally to the entire data set, it would not eliminate all levels of noise, effectively. Furthermore, most of the existing methods remove independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian noise. The real scenarios are much more complicated than this assumption. The complexity created by natural noise that has a non-i.i.d. structure leads to inefficient methods containing underestimation and invalid performance. In this article, we calculated the spatial-spectral similarity criteria by defining a set of clustering-based latent variables (CLVs) in a Bayesian framework to improve the robustness. These criteria can be extracted using the clustering operators. Then, by applying the CLV to the variational Bayesian model, we investigated a new low-rank matrix factorization denoising approach based on the proposed clustering-based latent variable (CLV-LRMF) to remove noise with the non-i.i.d. mixture of Gaussian structures. Finally, we switched to the GPU for MATLAB implementation to reduce the runtime. The experimental results show that the performance has been improved by applying the proposed CLV and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CLV-LRMF over other state-of-the-art methods. |
6,603 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a High-Frequency Burst Pulse Generator for Cancer Cell Treatment and Comparison Between a High-Power Burst Pulse and a Single Pulse, and key words: Magnetic cores, Inductance, Capacitors, Saturation magnetization, Pulse generation, Magnetic circuits, Cancer. Abstract: Cancer treatment based on ultrashort pulses of strong electric fields has been developed as a novel biological application. This article focuses on the design of a compact high-power nanosecond pulsed electromagnetic wave generator for realizing cancer treatment via ultrashort pulsed electric fields. For this purpose, we developed a pulsed power generator that continuously outputs multiple pulses via a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) using magnetic switches. The NLTL comprises a ladder of capacitors and saturable inductors and generates a pulse train by delaying the propagation of each pulse using the magnetic switch of each ladder. In this article, we achieved a higher output frequency compared to the previous generator. The frequency was increased from 13 to 150 MHz by employing a coaxial structure instead of discrete components. In addition, we demonstrate that the application of burst pulses to cancer cells is more effective than single pulses under the same conditions. |
6,604 | Please write an abstract with title: The RBMLE method for Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Maximum likelihood estimation, Analytical models, Limiting, Process control, Reinforcement learning, Markov processes, Control systems. Abstract: The Reward Biased Maximum Likelihood Estimate (RBMLE) method was proposed about four decades ago for the adaptive control of unknown Markov Decision Processes, and later studied for more general Controlled Markovian Systems and Linear Quadratic Gaussian systems. It showed that if one could bias the Maximum Likelihood Estimate in favor of parameters with larger rewards then one could obtain long-term average optimality. It provided a reason for preferring parameters with larger rewards based on the fact that generally one can only identify the behavior of a system under closed-loop, and therefore any limiting parameter estimate has to necessarily have lower reward than the true parameter. It thereby provided a reason for what his now called “optimism in the face of uncertainty”. It similarly preceded the definition of “regret”, and it is only in the last three years that it has been analyzed for its regret performance, both analytically, and in comparative simulation testing. This paper provides an account of the RBMLE method for reinforcement learning. |
6,605 | Please write an abstract with title: SocialCar: A Task Allocation Framework for Social Media Driven Vehicular Network Sensing Systems, and key words: Sensors, Automobiles, Task analysis, Social network services, Reliability, Resource management. Abstract: Vehicular sensor networks (VSNs) have become a reliable sensing instrument utilizing sensors built into cars. However, VSNs have limited sensing scopes since car drivers only opportunistically discover new events. Conversely, social sensing is protruding as a new sensing paradigm where measurements about the physical world are collected from humans. In this paper, we develop SocialCar, a task allocation framework for social media driven vehicular network sensing systems that exploits the collective powers of social sensing and VSNs for a robust sensing application. However, integrating VSNs with social sensing introduces a new set of challenges. The first challenge is leveraging the noisy and unreliable social signals to route vehicles to the regions of interest. The second challenge is the inconsistent availability attributed to car drivers being rational actors causing churn in the system. To address the above challenges, this paper introduces a bottom-up game-theoretic task preference model along with a top-down dynamic incentive control mechanism to allow car drivers to be selectively dispatched to event locations and verify the truthfulness of reported events. The results on a real-world disaster recovery case study show that SocialCar significantly outperforms current VSNs based solutions in detection effectiveness and deadline hit rate. |
6,606 | Please write an abstract with title: Enabling multi-finger, multi-hand virtualized grasping, and key words: Haptic interfaces, Grasping, Force feedback, Imaging phantoms, Robots, Humans, Fingers, Thumb, Computational modeling, Costs. Abstract: This paper presents a series of kinematic and haptic analysis, which lead to the design of a particularly simple, yet useful multi-hand multi-finger haptic interface. We also discuss rendering issues, which must be addressed in utilizing it, including and extension of the proxy to more general contact. |
6,607 | Please write an abstract with title: Construction of perspective and panoramic images from omni-images taken from hypercatadioptric cameras for visual surveillance, and key words: Cameras, Surveillance, Interpolation, Pixel, Information science, Monitoring, Image reconstruction, Mirrors, Lenses, Humans. Abstract: A novel method for construction of perspective and panoramic images from omni-images taken from hypercatadioptric cameras for visual surveillance is proposed. The constructing work includes two major steps: unwarping of the omni-image into a rectangularly tessellated perspective or panoramic image, followed by interpolation of the coordinates of the image pixels which are unfilled in the first step. For the former step, techniques for combining the uses of a back-projection method and some geometric relations within the camera system to yield a forward-projection effect to accomplish the unwarping task are employed. And for the latter step, a novel scheme, called 8-directional-regions interpolation, to interpolate the unfilled pixels' coordinates in the image yielded in the first step to complete the image construction work is proposed. Good experimental results are also included to show the feasibility of the proposed method. |
6,608 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed health monitoring for aero-engines on the GRID: DAME, and key words: Engines, Fault diagnosis, Grid computing, Project management, Collaborative work, Data analysis, Computerized monitoring, Control systems, Systems engineering and theory, Data systems. Abstract: We provide an overview of the DAME project, and a discussion of the progress made to date on the development of a distributed aeroengine diagnosis environment as a proof of concept demonstration for grid computing. We discuss the development of a demonstration diagnosis workbench system for this complex, data intensive, diagnosis application that must be operated as a distributed 'virtual organisation'. We describe the core diagnosis applications that have been implemented as grid services, and explain how these services are being deployed within the overall diagnosis process. |
6,609 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement Device for Inverter Output Impedance Considering the Coupling Over Frequency, and key words: Inverters, Impedance, Impedance measurement, Harmonic analysis, Frequency measurement, Admittance, Voltage measurement. Abstract: Inverter output impedance is an important parameter for assessing the stability of a grid-connected system. However, measuring the inverter output impedance is not straightforward because the impedance is affected by a nonlinear coupling over frequency. In a typical measurement setup the inverter output impedance is measured by applying an external perturbation injected by an additional (source) inverter. Under non-ideal conditions, the inverter under test produces undesired (mirrored) frequency harmonics which interact with the source inverter thus affecting the measured output impedance. This paper proposes a measurement technique that decouples the mirrored frequency harmonics during the impedance measurement. In the method, the impedance of the source inverter performing the measurement is shaped so that the coupling over frequency is minimized. By applying this method, the inverter output impedance can be accurately and reliably measured in non-ideal conditions. |
6,610 | Please write an abstract with title: Winding Geometry Impact on High Power Medium Frequency Transformer Design, and key words: Technical requirements, Power system measurements, Windings, Prototypes, Power distribution, Medium voltage, Transformer cores. Abstract: DC transformers make an essential building block in empowering future medium voltage direct current power distribution grids. To reach high efficiencies, the design of medium frequency transformers, one of the key elements of DC transformers, needs to be carried out, while fulfilling all technical requirements. The paper discusses the influence of the winding arrangement on the overall performance of a high power medium frequency transformer design. The particular influence is studied on a combination of nanocrystalline core material in a core-type transformer structure with various dispositions of hollow copper conductors as windings. The 2-vessel medium frequency transformer option proved to be the most efficient out of the three suggested ones and a prototype is made for the purpose of design verification. |
6,611 | Please write an abstract with title: The SEMI-THERM Educational Foundation Thermal Hall of Fame, and key words: Awards. Abstract: The Lifetime Achievement Award was presented to Dr. Dereje Agonafer, In Recognition of Significant Contributions to the Field of Electronics Thermal Management. |
6,612 | Please write an abstract with title: Realtime Facial Emotion Detection Using Machine Learning, and key words: Emotion recognition, Face recognition, Robot vision systems, Streaming media, Airports, Software, Real-time systems. Abstract: This work aims to help the Narcotic officers for investigation purposes and it is also useful for robotics to identify human emotions. Nowadays, drug smuggling has been growing enormously day-by-day at airports. To handle these suspects, narcotics officer are using the old process of searching for the suspicious persons, taking them aside and proceeding with the investigation. This work proposes a solution to this problem by installing a software in the CCTV camera. This captures the person’s facial expressions, which will be notified to the needed persons to identify the suspect. In this way, this work helps to capture and detect different emotions and provide a supportive mechanism which is useful for the Narcotic officers and Robotics. |
6,613 | Please write an abstract with title: Frequency response of 2-D median filters, and key words: Frequency response, Nonlinear filters, Filtering, Power harmonic filters, Shape, Signal analysis, Digital filters, Digital signal processing, Frequency domain analysis, Linear circuits. Abstract: Because of their unique nonlinear features medians are used in filtering procedures since many years, both in one- or twodimensional procedures, medians are able to reject numbers or signal samples differing substantially from all neighbouring elements of a sequence. On the other hand medians can be approximately described by their frequency characteristics, which are typically used for linear circuits. An analysis of frequency responses for some popular median windows in twodimensional case is given in the contribution. |
6,614 | Please write an abstract with title: Affective factors and student achievement: a quantitative and qualitative study, and key words: Computer industry, Guidelines, Mathematics, Educational institutions, Mobile computing, Instruments, Pressure measurement, Programming profession, Educational programs, Communication standards. Abstract: The affective domain can be used to support the internalization of cognitive content and foster the development of curriculum and industry-related interests, attitudes, values, and practices. During a two-year period, using validated instruments, the authors measured student interest, value, effort, perceived competence, lack of pressure, student-peer belonging, and student-faculty belonging. Initial findings included a positive correlation between each affective factor and course grade, a significant decrease in the levels of affective factors over the course term, and a lessening of those decreases with the use of specific affective objectives and instructional strategies. The current study built upon these initial results by incorporating new quantitative and qualitative data for each affective factor. The paper reports on the results of these analyses and offers practical suggestions and instructional guidelines based upon the findings. These findings appear to be broadly applicable throughout our curriculum and could extend to other science, mathematics, engineering, and technology disciplines. |
6,615 | Please write an abstract with title: On the state and distribution of iron in the alnico 8 alloy, and key words: Iron alloys, Paramagnetic materials, Saturation magnetization, Aging, Magnetic separation, Heat treatment, Temperature measurement, Phase measurement, Coercive force, Magnetic anisotropy. Abstract: Mössbauer measurements have been carried out on Alnico 8 alloy after various heat treatments. The spectrum measured at room temperature (RT) of the sample heat treated for optimum permanent-magnet characteristics shows the presence of Fe in paramagnetic environment, with an average quadrupolar splitting Δ = 0.16 mm/s probably due to tetragonal distortion of the matrix. For the sample quenched and aged for 111 hours at 650°C the spectra measured at temperatures close to RT clearly show that the Curie point of the matrix is very near to RT. The obtained results allow us to interpret the behavior of saturation magnetization σ of the alloy as a function of the aging temperature. From Mössbauer measurements carried out on overaged samples the homogeneity characteristics of the phases are inferred. |
6,616 | Please write an abstract with title: Frequency Control Strategy of Energy Storage System Based on SOC under Distributed Photovoltaic Intensive Access, and key words: Frequency modulation, Fluctuations, Power system stability, Inverters, Power grids, Batteries, Frequency control. Abstract: With the increasing permeability of new energy generation, a large number of conventional thermal power units have been replaced, and the equivalent inertia of the system has been reduced. The randomness and fluctuation of distributed photovoltaic output may lead to serious frequency fluctuations. It is necessary to fully exploit other frequency modulation equipment in the power grid. Because of its ability to smooth the fluctuation in new energy, energy storage systems have been widely studied and applied in power system. The energy storage system is connected to the power grid through the inverter, but there is no inertia link. This paper simulates the traditional synchronous generator operation mode, and adds virtual inertia link in the inverter control process to slow down the frequency change rate when the system fails. At the same time, the charging state of the battery energy storage system is incorporated into the inverter droop control to correct the inverter droop control coefficient in time. In this paper, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified in the simplified model of a real power grid. The results show that the system’s frequency transient stability is improved. |
6,617 | Please write an abstract with title: RLS-based adaptive algorithms for generalized eigen-decomposition, and key words: Adaptive algorithm, Signal processing algorithms, Approximation algorithms, Convergence, Cost function, Parallel algorithms, Adaptive signal processing, Approximation methods, Resonance light scattering, Computer errors. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to develop efficient online adaptive algorithms for the generalized eigen-decomposition problem which arises in a variety of modern signal processing applications. First, we reinterpret the generalized eigen-decomposition problem as an unconstrained minimization problem by constructing a novel cost function. Second, by applying projection approximation method and recursive least-square (RLS) technique to the cost function, a parallel adaptive algorithm for a basis for the r-dimensional (r>0) dominant generalized eigen-subspace and a sequential algorithm based on deflation technique for the first r-dominant generalized eigenvectors are derived. These algorithms can be viewed as counterparts of the extended projection approximation subspace tracking (PAST) and PASTd algorithms, respectively. Furthermore, we modify the parallel algorithm to explicitly estimate the first r-generalized eigenvectors in parallel, not the generalized eigen-subspace. More important, the modified parallel algorithm can be used to extract multiple generalized eigenvectors of two nonstationary sequences, while the proposed sequential algorithm lacks this ability because of slow convergence of minor generalized eigenvectors due to error propagation of the deflation technique. Third, following convergence analysis methods for PAST and PASTd, we prove the asymptotic convergence properties of the proposed algorithms. Finally, computer simulations are performed to investigate the accuracy and the speed advantages of the proposed algorithms. |
6,618 | Please write an abstract with title: A New hybrid classification algorithm for predicting customer churn, and key words: Support vector machines, Analytical models, Computational modeling, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Boosting, Data models. Abstract: Decision trees, support vector machine and gradient boosting are very popular algorithms for predicting the customer churn with good comprehensibility and strong predictive performance. In spite ofall strengths, the decision trees be likely have some problems forholding linear-relations amongthe variables, support vector machine performs marginally better than logistic regression, and gradient boosting givesgreater results when compared with logistic regression, with less development effort. Hencenew hybrid-algorithm, aboosting leaf model (BLM), was proposed forclassifying the data in better way. The basic idea behind this BLM is diverse models was constructed among the segments of data instead of entire dataset thusleads to improved predictive performances how ever observance comprehensibility among those models which constructed on leaves. ThisBLM resides two stages they are one is segmentation and the other one is prediction stages. Inthe first stageby using decision tree segments of customers are identified and second stagemodel wasappliedon each leaf of the tree. This new hybrid-approach was bench-marked compared with decision trees, support leaf model, andlogit leaf model (LLM)regards predictive performance and comprehensibility. The top decile lift (TDL), area under Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (AUC) which used to measure theirpredictive performancesof which BLM marksknowinglyimprovedtheirblocks support vectormachine, decision trees which performs howeverwith advanced ensemble methods logit leaf model. |
6,619 | Please write an abstract with title: Base rate electrical clock recovery and demultiplexing of 40 Gb/s OTDM signals with injection locked Fabry-Perot laser and electronic feedback, and key words: Laser feedback, Clocks, Demultiplexing, Fabry-Perot, Optical feedback, Laser mode locking, Radio frequency, Optical filters, Optical modulation, Lasers and electrooptics. Abstract: We demonstrate stable base rate electrical clock recovery at 10 GHz from 40 Gb/s OTDM data streams using an injection locked Fabry-Perot laser diode with electronic feedback and show 40 to 10 Gb/s demultiplexing after fiber transmission using the recovered clock |
6,620 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic power-performance adaptation of parallel computation on chip multiprocessors, and key words: Concurrent computing, System-on-a-chip, Parallel processing, Energy consumption, Frequency, Circuits, Yarn, Runtime environment, Voltage, Laboratories. Abstract: Previous proposals for power-aware thread-level parallelism on chip multiprocessors (CMPs) mostly focus on multiprogrammed workloads. Nonetheless, parallel computation of a single application is critical in light of the expanding performance demands of important future workloads. This work addresses the problem of dynamically optimizing power consumption of a parallel application that executes on a many-core CMP under a given performance constraint. The optimization space is two-dimensional, allowing changes in the number of active processors and applying dynamic voltage/frequency scaling. We demonstrate that the particular optimum operating point depends nontrivially on the power-performance characteristics of the CMP, the application's behavior, and the particular performance target. We present simple, low-overhead heuristics for dynamic optimization that significantly cut down on the search effort along both dimensions of the optimization space. In our evaluation of several parallel applications with different performance targets, these heuristics quickly lock on a configuration that yields optimal power savings in virtually all cases. |
6,621 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel prefilter design for higher multiplicity discrete multiwavelet transforms, and key words: Discrete transforms, Noise reduction, Filter bank, Design methodology, Equations, Fourier transforms, Signal processing, Signal design, Symmetric matrices, Sampling methods. Abstract: Recent studies show that multiwavelet methods give consistently better performance over traditional methods, such as denoising. It is because multiwavelet gives better representation by using more than one scaling and wavelet functions which have shorter support while keeping desired properties such as orthogonality and symmetry. However, there are still many burden in applying discrete multiwavelet transforms to scalar signals, especially the prefilter design for higher multiplicity (>2). In this paper, we first suggest a simple and direct prefilter design method for any multiplicity. The resulted prefilter is orthogonal and possess second order approximation power. Then, we investigate the performance of higher multiplicity wavelet with the proposed filter on the application of denoising. Simulation results show that the higher multiplicity wavelets usually give better denoising results. |
6,622 | Please write an abstract with title: Low PAPR Waveform Design with EVM and OOBE Constraints in OFDM Systems, and key words: Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), error vector magnitude (EVM), out-of-band emissions (OOBE), waveform design. Abstract: In this paper, we address the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction problem of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system under error vector magnitude (EVM) and out-of-band emissions (OOBE) constraints. Unlike the existing methods, we first equivalently transform the non-convex objective function—PAPR into the difference between the numerator and denominator, and then analyze its monotonicity of the auxiliary variable. Subsequently, we propose a novel algorithm based on bisection searching to tackle the equivalent PAPR optimization problem. Furthermore, an efficient PAPR reduction algorithm is developed to overcome the challenge of high computational complexity, and a simplified version of this algorithm is provided. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithms is compared with the state-of-the-art schemes. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithms. |
6,623 | Please write an abstract with title: Reducing Reflectance on Silicon Solar Cells Surfaces by Controlling X-Y Translation Table Speeds of Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser System, and key words: Silicon, Surface emitting lasers, Laser beams, Photovoltaic cells, Surface texture, Surface treatment, Reflectivity. Abstract: Surface texturing is very important in silicon solar cells fabrication in order to enhance light trapping by reducing surface reflectance. Basically, silicon solar cells surfaces will be etched by chemical solution either anisotropic etched or isotropic etched which are known as conventional methods. The chemicals that have been used for this conventional method includes alcohol, acids, potassium hydroxide and addictive chemical like surfactant. Even though the texture surfaces created by chemical etched can reduce the reflectance, this technique is not environmental friendly. This technique could only be applied on monocrystalline silicon, but not for the multicrystalline silicon because of the presence of high selectivity of etching along specific directions and multiple crystallographic grain orientation. Moreover, the chemicals waste could harmed and give pollution to the environment. In this paper, new technique has been used to texture the silicon solar cells surfaces. The new texturing technique proposed in this paper is pulsed Nd:YAG laser. By using pulsed Nd:YAG laser, it can texture silicon solar cells surfaces and reduce the reflectance. Pulsed Nd:YAG laser also can working independently on any types of silicon surfaces. However, the groove lines of laser texturing depending on X-Y translation table that connected to pulsed Nd:YAG laser system. This paper explained the effect of various X-Y translation table settings of pulsed Nd:YAG laser to texturing silicon solar cells surfaces in order to reduce the reflectance percentage. As a result, pulsed Nd:YAG laser texturing on silicon solar cells surfaces in this paper shown the reflectance below than 5% which is very significant in order to increase absorption of incident solar radiation. |
6,624 | Please write an abstract with title: Indoor field-trial in X band of a photonics-based multiband radar on a packaged silicon chip, and key words: Radio frequency, Semiconductor device measurement, Data integration, Radar, Packaging, Silicon photonics, Radar equipment. Abstract: This paper reports the advancements on a recently presented silicon photonic chip implementing a photonics-based coherent multiband radar transceiver. In this work, the chip has been packaged and engineered for its use in a complete radar system capable of operating up to the X band. The electronic RF frontend and the digital baseband equipment have been developed in order to guarantee performance aligned with the state of the art of conventional radars. A first indoor field trial has been carried out in X band. Range/Velocity acquisitions allow to confirm the radar system effectiveness, posing the base for the next step: the multiband field trial and coherent data fusion. |
6,625 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy inference based augmented reality in MR cholangiopancreatography images, and key words: Augmented reality, Pancreas, Ducts, Biomedical imaging, Layout, Ultrasonic imaging, Image recognition, Hospitals, Shape, Surgery. Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is a combination of a real scene viewed and a virtual scene generated by a computer. This paper introduces fuzzy inference techniques into AR. The fuzzy inference based AR enhances a region of interest (ROI) in medical images using expert knowledge expressed with fuzzy if-then rules. Therefore, the AR enables users who are not familiar with such medical images to observe the ROIs as well as expert's observation. Especially this paper discusses the fuzzy inference based AR in MR Cholangiopancreatography images. The AR enhances tube-formed tissues such as the pancreatic duct. In this case, a step for finding the tissue using fuzzy inference is included. We apply the proposed the fuzzy inference based AR to three subjects. Through experimental results, we showed the pancreatic duct was successfully found from any subjects and could clearly augment the 3D shape of the pancreatic duct. |
6,626 | Please write an abstract with title: Lane change decision planning for autonomous vehicles, and key words: Trajectory, Mathematical model, Safety, Autonomous vehicles, Analytical models, Planning, Acceleration. Abstract: This article constructs a simplified lane-changing scene model. Frequent lane-changing in actual driving scenarios will reduce driving safety and comfort. This article uses a gain function to analyze the generation of lane-changing intentions and rely on the minimum safety distance formula to judge The risk of changing lanes. When the relevant conditions are met, the vehicle executes the lane-changing action, otherwise it continues to maintain the car following state. In this paper, the lane-changing trajectory is generated based on the general model of the fifth degree polynomial, and the relatively optimal lane-changing trajectory is selected by calculating the value of the loss function. Finally, it is verified and analyzed through the MATLAB simulation environment. The results show that the method proposed in this paper has achieved a significant improvement in the safety and stability of the lane changing action. |
6,627 | Please write an abstract with title: Equity and Inclusion in Peer Reviewing: Grand Challenges for Engineering Education Researchers, and key words: Conferences, Engineering education. Abstract: This workshop aims to help individuals write constructive and insightful reviews for scholarly work in engineering education research while considering aspects of diversity, equity and inclusion in the work. The topic, goal and activities of this workshop align with the conference theme of "Grand Challenges in Engineering Education" as it will help participants identify and overcome the challenges involved with equitable and inclusive peer review practices in engineering education research. |
6,628 | Please write an abstract with title: Ataques de phishing y cómo prevenirlos Phishing attacks and how to prevent them, and key words: Training, Economics, Computer science, Phishing, Globalization, Organizations, Computer crime. Abstract: The vertiginous technological advance related to globalization and the new digital era has led to the design of new techniques and tools that deal with the risks of technology and information. Terms such as "cybersecurity" stand out, which corresponds to that area of computer science that is responsible for the development and implementation of information protection mechanisms and technological infrastructure, in order to deal with cyberattacks. Phishing is a crime that uses social engineering and technical subterfuge to steal personal identity data and financial account credentials from users, representing a high economic and financial risk worldwide, both for individuals and for large organizations. The objective of this research is to determine the ways to prevent phishing, by analyzing the characteristics of this computer fraud, the various existing modalities and the main prevention strategies, in order to increase the knowledge of users about this. subject, highlighting the importance of adequate training that allows establishing efficient mechanisms to detect and block phishing. |
6,629 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning Enabled Optimization of Pick-up Process for Thin Die, and key words: Costs, Dies, Computational modeling, Machine learning, Gaussian processes, Finite element analysis, Pins. Abstract: Driven by the demand of artificial intelligent, high-performance computing, electric vehicle and smart city, semiconductor industry is building high performance and high integrated systems. To increase the energy efficiency of these complicated systems, particularly in power modules, reducing the power consumption is needed. Thinning the die is one of the solutions, which can provide a lot of advantages including faster heat dissipation, low junction temperature, low electrical resistance, etc. However, due to its sensitivity of stress, processing of thin die is a challenging, including die pick-up process. In this paper, we proposed a methodology using machine learning and finite element method (FEM) to optimize the pin designs with the objective to minimize the stress in the die during pick-up process. A dynamic numerical model was first built up to simulate the stress distribution in the die during pick-up process, and a Gaussian process regression was applied to generate the relationships between pin parameters and die stress. Meanwhile, a Bayesian optimization was used to optimize the parameters. The optimized pin designs using the above methodology was further validated by FEM. Compared with traditional DOE method, the proposed methodology using machine learning and FEM exhibits much higher effectiveness in parameter optimization with less testing cost and efforts. |
6,630 | Please write an abstract with title: A study of extraction method of motion patterns observed frequently from time-series posture data, and key words: Data mining, Robots, Humans, Cities and towns, Costs, Robotics and automation, Motion detection, Pattern recognition, Filters, Noise reduction. Abstract: In this paper, we describe a motion pattern acquisition system from time-series posture data for a robot. In order to extract reusable motion patterns without the target pattern information a priori, proposed system extracts the patterns observed frequently. The extracted motion patterns often include transition motion at first and last. In order to reduce the transition part, we propose common block extraction method. The similar common block is classified to the same category. Then, the proposed system obtains the average of each cluster as representative motion patterns. Experimental results show remarkable motion patterns extracted by proposed system from time-series posture data. |
6,631 | Please write an abstract with title: Texture refreshment need metric for resilient object-based video coding, and key words: Video coding, Decoding, Resilience, Streaming media, Shape measurement, Redundancy, MPEG 4 Standard, Telecommunications, Layout, Bit rate. Abstract: Video encoders may use several techniques to improve error resilience. In particular, for video encoders that rely on predictive (inter) coding to remove temporal redundancy, intra coding refreshment is especially useful to stop error propagation when errors occur in the transmission or storage of the coded streams, which can cause the decoded quality to decay very rapidly. In object-based video coders, intra coding refreshment can be applied to both shape and texture data. A texture refreshment need metric is proposed which can be used by object-based video encoders, notably MPEG-4 video encoders, to determine when the texture of the various video objects in a scene should be refreshed in order to improve the decoded video quality, e.g. for a certain amount of bitrate resources. |
6,632 | Please write an abstract with title: A High Dimensional Entanglement-Based Fully Connected Quantum Key Distribution Network over 100 Users, and key words: Photonics, Quantum entanglement, Network architecture, Wavelength division multiplexing, Dispersion, Contracts. Abstract: A high-dimensional entanglement-based fully connected quantum key distribution network is proposed and demonstrated experimentally over 100 users, where a broadband entanglement photon pair source is shared by end users via wavelength and space division multiplexing. |
6,633 | Please write an abstract with title: A game theory based pricing strategy for job allocation in mobile grids, and key words: Game theory, Pricing, Mobile computing, Grid computing, Load management, Bandwidth, Portable computers, Personal digital assistants, Load modeling, NIST. Abstract: Summary form only given. This article realizes the vision of mobile grid computing by proposing a fair pricing strategy and an optimal, static job allocation scheme. Mobile devices has not yet been integrated into grid computing platforms mainly due to their inherent limitations in processing and storage capacity, power and bandwidth shortages. However, millions of laptops, PDAs and other mobile devices remain unused most of the time and this huge resource repository can be potentially utilized in the grid environment. Here, we propose a game theoretic pricing model, to address load balancing issues in mobile grids. In particular, by drawing upon the Nash bargaining solution (NBS), we show that we can obtain an unified framework for addressing such issues as network efficiency, fairness, utility maximization, and pricing. The advantage of this framework is that we have a precise mathematical characterization of the solutions and their properties. Our current endeavor characterizes a two-player alternating-offer bargaining game between the wireless access point (WAP) server and the mobile devices to determine the pricing strategy. This pricing strategy is then made use of to effectively distribute jobs to the mobile devices. Our job allocation scheme maximizes the revenue of the grid user, and yet is comparable to the overall system response time of other load balancing schemes. |
6,634 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of Process-Induced Warpage of 3D-Stacked Memory Packaging, and key words: Industries, Temperature measurement, Thermal expansion, Temperature dependence, Memory management, Epoxy resins, Companies. Abstract: Due to the advantages of low cost and high integration, 3D-stacked packaging is widely used in the industry for encapsulation of muli-chip memories. However, warpage is inevitable during the packaging process due to the mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the chips, adhesive, substrate and Epoxy Molding Compound (EMC). Different packaging structures will lead to different warpage values, so predicting and optimizing the warpage of multiple memory devices is still a challenging task. In many studies, EMC materials are often simplified as elastic materials or elastic materials only dependent on temperature, but EMC is actually viscoelastic materials.In this paper, according to the industry company requirements, two stack structures for memory chips, step type, and staggered type, are considered for the study. The viscoelastic parameters of EMC were determined by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The relaxation modulus was described in the form of the Prony series using the generalized maxwell model. Then, the finite element model for the 3D-stacked packages is set up and simulations are carried out. The main parameters such as the thickness of the memory chip, the thickness of the adhesive, and the thickness of EMC were selected to conduct orthogonal experiments and range analysis to study the effects of different packaging structures and various factors on warpage. The results show that the packaging structure of the chip has an effect on chip warpage, and the influence degree is EMC thickness > adhesive thickness > chip thickness. Proper arrangement of stacked chips can reduce the warpage. |
6,635 | Please write an abstract with title: Submillimeter bolometers large arrays for Herschel/PACS, and key words: Bolometers, Picture archiving and communication systems, Photometry, Detectors, Testing, Manufacturing, Impedance, Qualifications, Observatories, Silicon. Abstract: In July 2004, with the PACS qualification model (5 /spl times/ 256 active pixels), the first images from a fully sampled multiplexed submillimeter detector system, were recorded. The final photometer, two focal planes (a total of 2560 pixels), operating at a 0.3 K in the 60-210 /spl mu/m range, is part of the PACS instrument on the Herschel Space Observatory. Recent results demonstrate, on flight model units, the performance achievement (NEP around 10/sup -16/ W/spl middot/Hz/sup - 1/2 /, very close to the background limit) of the monolithic silicon bolometer arrays that CEA/LETI and SAp are developing for this application. This paper gives an overview of the detector system, an update of its status and its perspectives. |
6,636 | Please write an abstract with title: ICT Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities, and key words: Training, Procurement, Pandemics, Sociology, Assistive technologies, Information age, Internet. Abstract: Accessibility is a key for the social and economic development of persons with disabilities. In the digital age, digital or ICT accessibility is imperative, which includes identifying and eliminating obstacles and barriers that persons with disabilities face in using ICT.The purpose of this article is to give a short introduction to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, universal design principles, assistive technology, accessibility, and relevant EU directives and standards.Additionally, the Internet Society in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s activities in empowering blind persons through computer training will be presented. Acquiring ICT skills is a necessary condition for access to the opportunities offered by the Internet, which is in line with the Internet Society mission - Internet for All. |
6,637 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a transformable mobile robot composed of homogeneous gear-type units, and key words: Mobile robots, Shape, Robot sensing systems, Floors, Actuators, Hardware, Cleaning, Electronic mail, Buildings, Orbital robotics. Abstract: Recently, there has been significant research interest in homogeneous modular robots that can transform (i.e. reconfigure their overall shape). However, many of the proposed transformation mechanisms are too expensive and complex to be practical. The transformation process is also normally slow, and therefore the mechanisms are not suitable for situations where frequent, quick reconfiguration is required. To solve these problems, we have studied a transformable mobile robot composed of multiple homogeneous gear-type units. Each unit has only one actuator and cannot move independently. But when engaged in a swarm configuration, units are able to move rapidly by rotating around one another. The most important problem encountered when developing our multi-module robot was determining how units should join together. We designed a passive attachment mechanism that employs a single, six-pole magnet carried by each unit. Motion principles for the swarm were confirmed in simulation, and based on these results we constructed a series of hardware prototypes. In our teleoperation experiments we verified that a powered unit can easily transfer from one stationary unit to another, and that the swarm can move quickly in any direction while transforming. |
6,638 | Please write an abstract with title: Adversarial Learning via Probabilistic Proximity Analysis, and key words: Analytical models, Conferences, Signal processing, Lead, Benchmark testing, Probabilistic logic, Data models. Abstract: We consider the problem of designing a robust classifier in the presence of an adversary who aims to degrade classification performance by elaborately falsifying the test instance. We propose a model-agnostic defense approach wherein the true class label of the falsified instance is inferred by analyzing its proximity to each class as measured based on class-conditional data distributions. We present a k-nearest neighbors type approach to perform a sample-based approximation of the aforementioned probabilistic proximity analysis. The proposed approach is evaluated on three different real-world datasets in a game-theoretic setting, in which the adversary is assumed to optimize the attack design against the employed defense approach. In the game-theoretic evaluation, the proposed defense approach significantly outperforms benchmarks in various attack scenarios, demonstrating its efficacy against optimally designed attacks. |
6,639 | Please write an abstract with title: A research on multi-level networked RAID based on cluster architecture, and key words: Costs, Availability, Scalability, Storage area networks, Electronic mail, Network servers, Semiconductor device measurement, Delay effects, Hard disks, Operating systems. Abstract: Storage networks is a popular solution to constraint servers in storage field. As described by Gibson's metrics, the performance of multi-level networked RAID (redundant arrays of inexpensive disks) based on cluster is almost the same to that of improved 2D-parity. Compared with other schemes, it is lower cost and easier to realize. |
6,640 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of Passenger Car Unit (PCU) for Streets in Erbil City, and key words: Geometry, Statistical analysis, Roads, Urban areas, Motorcycles, IEC, Interference. Abstract: Passenger car units (PCU)s are used to represent the effects of varying mixed vehicle types on traffic stream. Traffic volume data is very important to design, planning and analysis of traffic roadways system. PCU of different types of vehicles offer different degrees of interference to other traffic stream. It is necessary to bring all types of vehicles to a common unit. The common unit adopted for expressing the volume as PCU per hour. In this paper, the required data was collected at five main urban roads in Erbil City using a digital video recorder technique. The aim of the study is to work on the PCU for different types of vehicles under mixed traffic conditions. It has been observed from the present study that the PCU values of vehicles significantly change with change in traffic volume and width of roadway. Statistical analysis of the results show that a PCU value for buses was found to be 2.92. The PCU value for buses in Erbil was found to be similar to that obtained in Iraq but different from UK and same idea about other types of vehicles. Also, the capacity of highways increases with the use of shoulder areas and it has a positive effect on PCU values for type of vehicle increase with increases lane widths. PCU values for Motorcycles, Tricycles, Cars and buses/trucks have been evaluated. The average (PCU) value of the Three different methods were used to determine the PCU. These methods are Headway, Density and Homogeneous Coefficient method, mentioned in detail differ by 0.3 in SORB, but It differing by 1 to 1.5 in HCM. |
6,641 | Please write an abstract with title: The performance analysis of EV-T method for two-dimensional code acquisition, and key words: Performance analysis, Parameter estimation, Sensor arrays, Array signal processing, Signal processing, Delay effects, Direction of arrival estimation, Multiaccess communication, Statistical analysis, Multiple signal classification. Abstract: A large number of signal processing researches consider estimating the parameters of unknown signal from sensor arrays. In this paper, the parameter estimation problem is focused on time delay and direction-of-arrival (DOA) in DS-CDMA arrays, here called two-dimensional code acquisition. A new subspace based estimator is introduced with a rigorous statistical analysis. We assume the training sequence corresponding to the desired user is known. Through the performance comparison with traditional MUSIC, we see the proposed method can be used for parameter estimation in highly correlated multipath propagation environment without knowing the number of correlated signals. Meanwhile, it is a powerful estimator with larger number of antenna elements, and an effective estimator to resist high MAI |
6,642 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of digital waveform set for multiuser CDMA communications with matched filter receivers, and key words: Multiaccess communication, Matched filters, Interference constraints, Digital filters, Transmitters, Minimax techniques, Constraint optimization, Design optimization, Bandwidth, Spectral shape. Abstract: This paper presents a new approach for the design of a set of bandwidth-efficient quasiorthogonal digital filters which can be used as signature waveforms for multiuser CDMA communication systems. The design problem is formulated in such a way when matched filter is used at the receiver end, the overall impulse response from the transmitter to the receiver will approximated be a Nyquist pulse. It will be shown that the digital waveform set design problem can be converted to a constrained nonlinear minimax optimization problem. For bandwidth efficiency, all the digital waveforms in the set are designed to have approximately the same desired magnitude spectral shape in a prescribed passband. To minimize intersymbol and cochannel interferences, all the digital waveforms in the set are constrained to have low autocorrelation at nonzero translates of multiple symbol intervals and low cross correlation at all translates of multiple symbol intervals. Methods to solve the proposed optimization problem are discussed. A demodulation scheme with the proposed matched filter receiver is briefly outlined. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
6,643 | Please write an abstract with title: Image Based Food Calories Estimation Using Various Models of Machine Learning, and key words: Computational modeling, Estimation, Object detection, Machine learning, Detectors, Computer applications, Market research. Abstract: For the last few decades, it has been the popular trend in China that people are putting more attention on improving their healthiness and regulating calorie intake for every meal, so that we build a model for calorie estimation of Chinese food. In an attempt to express our concerns on this issue, and with our great interests, we used object detection to estimate the calories count of some famous Chinese dishes as well as that of Western dishes. Based on the food images and previously defined calorie data, we built some image-based calorie estimation models, which we hoped can accurately identify the name of the Chinese and Western foods and provide their calorie intake and recipe, and finally offer meal plan advice for different groups of people. To identify the dish, we used the SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector) for real-time processing of object detection and classification. We also used a computer application called “labelImg” to manually label our dishes with their respective original dish names. Using our models, users can easily calculate the calorie intake of their desired foods by taking photos, saving a lot of time compared to their conventional methods. |
6,644 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Boost-Based Quasi Resonant DC-DC Converter with Low Component Count for Stand-Alone PV Applications, and key words: Switching frequency, Soft switching, Switches, Voltage, High-voltage techniques, DC-DC power converters, Resonant converters. Abstract: In this paper, a novel boost-based quasi resonant DC-DC converter is proposed, featuring low component count. The proposed topology also achieves a high voltage gain with a wide output power range while profiting from a simple structure. An inductor is introduced in the termination of the circuit that takes part in the resonant process instead of creating a voltage spike across the switch during the switching time. Moreover, the circuit achieves soft switching (ZVS-ZCS in turn on/off transitions of the switch), leading to reduced losses and improved efficiency. Working with a suitable switching frequency is a contributory factor in reducing the size of passive components. The operational principles and a comprehensive steady state analysis in the continuous conduction mode (CCM) as well as design considerations for the proposed converter are discussed in details. |
6,645 | Please write an abstract with title: Thermoregulation of immune cell dynamics, and key words: Shape, Animals, Europe, Temperature control, Immune system, Blood flow. Abstract: Fever is an evolutionary conserved response able to stimulate and boost both innate and adaptive immunity. Temperature variations in general modify the homeostatic setpoint such as blood flow in warm blooded animals and can change gene-expression patterns on the single cell level [1] . Neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs) patrol tissues under various temperature levels and their effective encounter and response to ‘danger signals’ is key for optimal immune defence [2] . Still, the thermo-regulation of immune cell dynamics remains largely elusive. Here we show that the local temperature controls immune cell dynamics, such as shape changes, cell migration speed and persistence in 2D/2.5D/3D biomimetic micro-environments. |
6,646 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Optimization of Headbox Control System for Paper Factory, and key words: PI control, Paper mills, Mathematical models, Paper making, PD control, Optimization, Genetic algorithms. Abstract: Paper mills have exhibited a significant contribution in the development of economy of India for last so many years. The process of a good quality paper making is very complex that is accomplished in many stages. The one very vital stage is in this entire process is the headbox. It has been chosen as the topic of research in this paper. There is always a need to have optimum automatic controllers for almost every stage. In this work two very effective control strategies have been used i.e. PID and LQG for developing the control system in MATLAB. Further, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been applied to optimize the PID controller parameters. |
6,647 | Please write an abstract with title: Electric and Magnetic Coupling through Small Apertures in Shield Walls of Any Thickness, and key words: Magnetic shielding, Couplings, Apertures, Polarization, Magnetic moments, Magnetic resonance, Frequency, Shape measurement, Australia, Directional couplers. Abstract: A method is presented for evaluating the coupling between two identical resonant cavities coupled by a small aperture in a plane common wall of arbitrary thickness. The coupling is related to the frequencies of the symmetric and asymmetric modes of oscillation of the coupled cavity structure, and a variational technique is used to determine those frequencies. The method is applied to circular and rectangular apertures, and it is shown that the coupling is separable into electric and magnetic terms. The results enable theoretical solutions to be obtained for the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of circular and rectangular apertures in walls of zero thickness, and equivalent polarizabilities to be obtained when the wall thickness is nonzero. Curves of numerical values are given for circular and rectangular apertures. With zero wall thickness, the results obtained are the same as those of Bethe for a circular aperture and give good agreement with Cohn's experimental results for rectangular apertures. |
6,648 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel Pulse Detection System Using Differentiation: Prototyping and Experimental Results, and key words: Laser radar, Costs, Emulation, Prototypes, Data processing, Control systems, Distance measurement. Abstract: Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors play an important role in obstacle detection and avoidance in autonomous vehicles. In a Direct Time Of Flight (DTOF) Li-DAR, pulse detection is an important function which is often accomplished using high speed ADCs with sampling rates in the range of 0.5-1 giga samples per second. This poses problems for multi-channel single-chip LiDAR sensors due to area and power requirements of giga sample ADCs. In this paper, experimental results are presented from an implementation of pulse detection using differentiation by employing comparators, a novel method. A prototype for pulse detection mechanism has been implemented on a PCB using an array of sample and hold capacitors followed by a comparator. The performance of a low-area, low-power comparator-based pulse detection has been compared to that of a high-area, high-power ADC-based pulse detection system. The control circuitry and data processing are implemented on a Xilinx ZYNQ-based FPGA. Results of emulation of distance measurement show that the performance of comparator-based system is similar to that of an ADC-based system but potentially with less than 50% of area and power on a single-chip implementation. |
6,649 | Please write an abstract with title: Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease Progression with Multi-Information Generative Adversarial Network, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Diseases, Magnetic resonance imaging, Brain modeling, Solid modeling, Generative adversarial networks. Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, and its long-term progression prediction is definitely important. The structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) can be used to characterize the cortical atrophy that is closely coupled with clinical symptoms in AD and its prodromal stages. Many existing methods have focused on predicting the cognitive scores at future time-points using a set of morphological features derived from sMRI. The 3D sMRI can provide more massive information than the cognitive scores. However, very few works consider to predict an individual brain MRI image at future time-points. In this article, we propose a disease progression prediction framework that comprises a 3D multi-information generative adversarial network (mi-GAN) to predict what one's whole brain will look like with an interval, and a 3D DenseNet based multi-class classification network optimized with a focal loss to determine the clinical stage of the estimated brain. The mi-GAN can generate high-quality individual 3D brain MRI image conditioning on the individual 3D brain sMRI and multi-information at the baseline time-point. Experiments are implemented on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Our mi-GAN shows the state-of-the-art performance with the structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.943 between the real MRI images at the fourth year and the generated ones. With mi-GAN and focal loss, the pMCI vs. sMCI accuracy achieves 6.04% improvement in comparison with conditional GAN and cross entropy loss. |
6,650 | Please write an abstract with title: Variable-magnetization PM-motor Yield Widely Variable Flux due to Small Magnetizing Current, and key words: Permanent magnet motors, Magnetization, Magnetic cores, Traction motors, Demagnetization, Magnetic circuits, Magnetic flux density. Abstract: Energy saving in electric motors is important for variable-speed drives. Permanent magnet (PM) motors exhibit high power and efficiency. The operation of PM motors can be controlled by magnetic flux weakening to decrease the back-EMF at high speed because the magnetic flux in the PM is constant. However, the flux-weakening control technique at high speed may cause significant iron and copper losses and high harmonic iron losses. In this paper, a variable-magnetization technique for the PM by a field due to small magnetizing current is proposed to achieve variable back-EMF. Thus, a novel PM motor capable of varying the magnetization of the PM is proposed. Our results indicate that the proposed PM motor is capable of varying the magnetization on the load and achieves compatibility between a wide variable back-EMF range and a small magnetizing current. |
6,651 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement of coaxiality of rectangular spline shaft based on image processing, and key words: Shafts, Visualization, Information science, Coordinate measuring machines, Image processing, Education, Robustness. Abstract: The existing measurement methods of coaxiality of rectangular spline shaft include rotation axis method, coordinate method and V-frame method. These methods belong to the contact measurement, which are low measurement efficiency and can not realize the real-time on-line measurement of coaxiality of rectangular spline shaft. In this paper, a visual measurement method of coaxiality of rectangular spline shaft based on image processing is proposed, and it is an active non-contact measurement method. The on-line measurement of coaxiality of rectangular spline shaft is achieved, and its feasibility is verified by experiments, therefore the robustness of coaxiality measurement of rectangular spline shaft is improved. |
6,652 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of PSG signals and Respiratory Movement Signal via 3D Camera in Detecting Sleep Respiratory Events by LSTM Models, and key words: Sleep apnea, Three-dimensional displays, Cameras, Belts, Sensors, Neural networks, Indexes. Abstract: A contactless system to detect respiratory events during sleep may be advantageous because it enables normal sleeping pattern and eliminates the need for constant monitoring of contact sensors. To detect sleep respiratory events, a 3D timeof-flight (TOF) camera is placed above the bed to measure a respiratory movement signal. Using this signal, we trained a long-short term memory (LSTM) model to detect respiratory events. In addition, we trained LSTM models based on SpO2, and abdomen and thorax respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIPsum). LSTM models were trained on 8 folds using 61 synchronized 3D video and polysomnography (PSG) recordings of patients with suspected sleep apnea to classify 30-second segments as either respiratory event or normal breathing. Manual PSG annotations served as ground truth. The LSTM model based on 3D TOF camera achieved a mean accuracy of 0.79 and mean Cohen’s kappa of 0.54. SpO2 based model scored a mean accuracy of 0.86 and mean Cohen’s kappa of 0.68 while RIPsum based model scored a mean accuracy of 0.82 and mean Cohen’s kappa of 0.61. The 3DRespMvt performance can be improved by combining it with SpO2, resulting in a mean accuracy of 0.87 and mean Cohen’s kappa of 0.71. |
6,653 | Please write an abstract with title: A multisensor approach to dust storm monitoring over the Nile Delta, and key words: Storms, Remote monitoring, Microwave theory and techniques, Instruments, Data analysis, Optical sensors, Image resolution, Microwave imaging, Optical imaging, Spectroscopy. Abstract: This work analyzes several remote sensing instrument capabilities in monitoring dust storms. Multisensor data analysis is carried out to study the behavior of dust particles at different wavelengths. A technique based on a combination of optical and microwave sensing of dust storms, using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) respectively, is found to be particularly useful. |
6,654 | Please write an abstract with title: Motivating Female Students for Engineering Courses, and key words: Conferences, Engineering education. Abstract: Worldwide initiatives for promoting motivation in female students for engineering courses are taking place in a regular form. Those initiatives are directed to different age groups and scholar levels. This paper addresses a methodology that was recently developed in Portugal to allow custom actions for motivating female students to those courses that historically rises them less interest. A workshop with different engineering universities and polytechnic institutions from Portugal, Brazil and Mozambique took place allowing to generate a network and a list of proposed actions. From this list each institution selected one or more actions to be implemented in their own institution. The workshop named “Good practices network for motivating female students to engineering courses” was the kick-off for this initiative. Detailed procedure of the work-in-progress and future working plan are here detailed. |
6,655 | Please write an abstract with title: Human Heart Disease Prediction Using Data Mining Techniques, and key words: Heart Disease, Data Mining, Prediction, RBF SVM, Linear SVM, KNN, Naive Bayes classifiers. Abstract: Heart disease is the major cause of death nowadays. Bad lifestyle habits as well as unavoidable hereditary issues are only contributing even more towards this dynamic. There is an abundance of data which resides in the medical databases. Our purpose behind this project is to apply the field of data science and analysis in the medical sector so as to help the doctors and healthcare professionals all over the world by providing them with meaningful insight and predictions that they can rely upon if need be. We intend to achieve our goal by the using machine learning algorithms to perform data mining on medical datasets of patients so as to find patterns in the data in order to make accurate predictions on the presence of heart disease in an individual. We've identified a list of 13 medical attributes such as age, gender, cholesterol level, resting blood pressure etc. which directly influence the likelihood of a person acquiring a heart disease. We propose the use of classifiers such as RBF SVM and Linear SVM along with KNN and Naive Bayes classifiers to classify users into classes which is non-zero for severity of presence and zero for absence of heart disease and also to measure the performance of our classifiers. |
6,656 | Please write an abstract with title: Precise total electron content map monitoring in low latitude region, and key words: Computers, Global navigation satellite system, Kinematics, Real-time systems, Delays, Ionosphere, Monitoring. Abstract: The need for accurate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is necessary for GNSS applications such as Real-Time Kinematic (RTK), Precise Point Positioning RTK (PPP-RTK), etc. The ionosphere delay, especially in low latitude region, is a main cause of positioning error. The usage of electron maps in GNSS applications can help with the first ionosphere correction. The Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) is a large-scale service for the Total Electron Content (TEC) with a resolution of 2.5 for latitude and 5 for longitude which may not be proper to high resolution GNSS applications in the small or regional regions. Over the low latitude region, we apply the local TEC from 4 stations which has similar longitude to observe the differential TEC. Then, we generate the precise grid TEC maps from 18 GNSS stations with different resolution of grid for observe the appropriate values. The results are shown that the resolution of 1.5 for latitude and 3 for longitude has RMS 1.58 of TECu compare with the local TEC value, while GIM has RMS of 2.11 TECu. |
6,657 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a parameterizable silicon intellectual property core for QR-based RLS filtering, and key words: Silicon, Intellectual property, Resonance light scattering, Hardware design languages, Circuits, Timing, Least squares methods, Filtering algorithms, Least mean square algorithms, Arithmetic. Abstract: The availability of an intellectual property core for recursive least squares (RLS) filtering could enable the RLS algorithm to replace the least mean squares algorithm in a wide range of applications. The goal of this study is to develop a parameterizable generic architecture for RLS filtering in the form of a hardware description language (HDL) description, which can be used to generate highly efficient silicon layout. The key issue is to develop a family of circuit architectures that are 100% efficient and locally connected. This paper presents a generic mapping for RLS filtering and circuit architectures that can be mapped to a range of application requirements. It outlines the transition from array to architecture covering detailed design issues such as timing and control generation. The result is a family of QR designs, which are parameterized in terms of architecture size, wordlength, performance, and arithmetic processor timing. |
6,658 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Feature Extraction of Ship-Radiated Noise Based on Compressed Sensing and Center Frequency, and key words: Marine vehicles, Feature extraction, Time-frequency analysis, Compressed sensing, Spectral analysis, Frequency estimation, Frequency conversion. Abstract: In the field of underwater acoustic signal processing, the ship radiated noise contains a large amount of ship information, which is of great significance to the ship identification. The traditional method relies too much on the operator and prior knowledge, which seriously reduces the efficiency and accuracy of the ship radiated noise identification. This paper presented a novel ship radiated noise feature extraction method based on compression sensing and center frequency. Firstly, to compression sensing of the ship radiated noise, enhance its line spectrum energy. Then, the ship radiated noise is decomposed by empirical mode decomposition to obtain multiple intrinsic mode function, calculate the mutual information entropy of adjacent intrinsic mode function to determine the key parameter K of the variational mode decomposition. Finally, perform variational model of ship radiated noise based on K, extract the center frequency of maximum energy intrinsic mode function as the ship radiated noise recognition feature. Experimental results show that the proposed feature extraction method can classify ship radiated noise quickly and effectively, and reduce the dependence on operators and prior knowledge. |
6,659 | Please write an abstract with title: Discovery and Innovation in Science and Technology: Inter- and trans-disciplinary in cognitive learning, and key words: Education, Government, Biology, Technological innovation, Next generation networking, Physics, Chemistry. Abstract: The modern approach to research cuts across traditional boundaries. In order to obtain maximum benefit from research effort globally, Universities need to adapt their approaches to the management and organization of research and teaching, to foster cross-discipline working and promote global mobility for the next generation of students. |
6,660 | Please write an abstract with title: Trustworthy Data Acquisition and Faulty Sensor Detection using Gray Code in Cyber-Physical System, and key words: Wireless communication, Scientific computing, Data acquisition, Sensor systems, Data models, Sensors, Reliability. Abstract: Due to environmental influence and technology limitation, a wireless sensor/sensors module can neither store or process all raw data locally nor reliably forward it to a destination in heterogeneous IoT environment. As a result, the data collected by the IoT's sensors are inherently noisy, unreliable, and may trigger many false alarms. These false or misleading data can lead to wrong decisions once the data reaches end entities. Therefore, it is highly recommended and desirable to acquire trustworthy data before data transmission, aggregation, and data storing at the end entities/cloud. In this paper, we propose an In-network Generalized Trustworthy Data Collection (IGTDC) framework for trustworthy data acquisition and faulty sensor detection in the IoT environment. The key idea of IGTDC is to allow a sensor's module to examine locally whether the raw data is trustworthy before transmitting towards upstream nodes. It further distinguishes whether the acquired data can be trusted or not before data aggregation at the sink/edge node. Besides, IGTDC helps to recognize a faulty or compromised sensor. For a reliable data collection, we use collaborative IoT technique, gate-level modeling, and programmable logic device (PLD) to ensure that the acquired data is reliable before transmitting towards upstream nodes/cloud. We use a hardware-based technique called “Gray Code” to detect a faulty sensor. Through simulations we reveal that the acquired data in IGTDC framework is reliable that can make a trustworthy data collection for event detection, and assist to distinguish a faulty sensor. |
6,661 | Please write an abstract with title: Backward Energy Flux in Sharp Focus of Beams with Linear and Circular Polarization, and key words: Optical vortices, Springs, Polarization, Optical polarization, Focusing, Photonics, Gratings. Abstract: Using the FDTD-aided numerical simulation, we show that uniform linearly or circularly polarized light passing through the described optical metasurface and then tightly focused with a binary zone plate generates an on-axis near-focus energy backflow comparable in magnitude with the incident energy. Notably, the magnitude of the reverse energy flow is shown to be the same when focusing a circularly polarized optical vortex with topological charge m = 2 and a light beam with the second-order polarization singularity. |
6,662 | Please write an abstract with title: Data Analysis in Predicting Crime : Predictive Policing, and key words: Data analysis, Law enforcement, Bibliographies, Software, Resource management, Information systems. Abstract: Crime is a constant in our society. Even though there is a huge amount of data available about crime it is hard to find the best solution to prevent it. However, through analysis of historical crime data it is possible to predict the risk of crime in time and space. This article presents the results of a literature review that gives insights into what predictive policing is, its theoretical foundations and its application in a real-world context. It also gives an overview of known predictive policing softwares - Crime Antecipation System, PreCobs, PredPol and Hunchlab along with their main characteristics. These systems allow a more efficient allocation of resources of law enforcement agencies and informs crime prevention strategies. Nevertheless, these solutions are new and come with limitations, which makes the evaluation of its impact in crime rates difficult. |
6,663 | Please write an abstract with title: Global motion estimation from coarsely sampled motion vector field and the applications, and key words: Motion estimation, Application software, MPEG 4 Standard, Video compression, Computer vision, Computer errors, Newton method, Video coding, Application specific processors, Transcoding. Abstract: Global motion estimation is a powerful tool widely used in video processing and compression as well as in computer vision areas. We propose a new approach for estimating global motions from coarsely sampled motion vector fields. The proposed method minimizes the fitting error between the input motion vectors and the motion vectors generated from the estimated motion model using the Newton-Raphson method with outlier rejections. Applications of the proposed method in video coding include fast global motion estimation for MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile coding, MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 ASP transcoding, and error concealments. Simulation results and analyses are provided for the proposed method and the applications, which show the effectiveness of the method in terms of accuracy, robustness, and speed. |
6,664 | Please write an abstract with title: Online global learning in direct fuzzy controllers, and key words: Fuzzy control, Control systems, Fuzzy systems, Adaptive control, Adaptive systems, Tuning, Error correction, Real time systems, Programmable control, Fuzzy logic. Abstract: A novel approach to achieve real-time global learning in fuzzy controllers is proposed. Both the rule consequents and the membership functions defined in the premises of the fuzzy rules are tuned using a one-step algorithm, which is capable of controlling nonlinear plants with no prior offline training. Direct control is achieved by means of two auxiliary systems: The first one is responsible for adapting the consequents of the main controller's rules to minimize the error arising at the plant output, while the second auxiliary system compiles real input-output data obtained from the plant. The system then learns in real time from these data taking into account, not the current state of the plant but rather the global identification performed. Simulation results show that this approach leads to an enhanced control policy thanks to the global learning performed, avoiding overfitting. |
6,665 | Please write an abstract with title: Review and Classification of MTPA Control Algorithms for Synchronous Motors, and key words: Reluctance motors, Induction motors, Torque, Permanent magnet motors, Traction motors, Rotors, Magnetic flux. Abstract: This article discusses the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control of synchronous motors, which have become an indispensable part of highly efficient motor drives. It explains the nature of torque produced by synchronous motors, ways to find its maximum and algorithms to operate at this point, despite changes of loads and motor parameter variations. The authors propose a classification of the MTPA methods, based on the features of each algorithm or group of similar methods. They demonstrate the conventional control scheme and discuss the modifications necessary for the implementation of each method. This article reviews existing MTPA control algorithms, discusses their pros and cons, and suggests possible areas of usage for each group of methods. The authors of the article share their vast experience in the industry and research aspects, which were obtained by developing industrial, commercial, traction, and military drives, and report on their views on the perspective of each method taken into consideration. |
6,666 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Layer Control for Hybrid Balancing Systems, and key words: Energy loss, Computational modeling, Simulation, Supercapacitors, Predictive models, Batteries, Temperature control. Abstract: Hybrid balancing is a recently-proposed class of battery balancing systems that simultaneously provide capacity and thermal equalization, while enabling hybridization with supercapacitors. This integration of functions poses a challenging control problem, requiring the fulfillment of multiple objectives (e.g., reduction of charge and temperature imbalances, energy losses and battery stress) and the coordination of a large number of power converters. To tackle this challenge, we propose a multi-layer model predictive control (MPC) framework, which splits the control tasks into two layers. The first layer uses long prediction horizons and a simplified model of the energy storage system to compute the state-of-charge reference for the supercapacitors. The second layer uses module-level models of the battery pack to track this reference, while minimizing charge and temperature imbalances with a small prediction horizon. Simulation results demonstrate that the multi-layer MPC provides similar performance as single-layer MPC, but at a fraction of the computational effort. |
6,667 | Please write an abstract with title: SPICE Model of a Real Coil Inductance feature analysis with current variation, and key words: Inductance, SPICE, Integrated circuit modeling, Inductors, Current measurement, Metals, Mathematical model. Abstract: As it is known the passive components such as the resistor, the capacitor and the coil are not ideal components and have a nonlinear behavior. In this paper the study will start from the real equivalent circuit of a coil and a nonlinear SPICE model whose inductance varies with current will be created. The correctness of the SPICE model will be studied on the inductance region of the coil. The behavior of the SPICE model without considering the variation with temperature, parasite capacitance and RP will be presented in a future paper. The behavior of the SPICE model is compared with the behavior of the real coil and with the SPICE behavior of the coil proposed by the component manufacturer. |
6,668 | Please write an abstract with title: Observers for a class of 2-D filters, and key words: State estimation, Observers, Filters, Equations, State feedback, Boundary conditions, Stability, Measurement errors, Councils. Abstract: In this paper, a 2-D observer is proposed for 2-D systems of the Fornasini-Marchesini type. Conditions are given for the existence of the proposed observer where both the case of known and unknown boundary conditions are considered. Design equations are developed for calculation of the observer matrices. Conditions are also given for being able to choose the form of the observer in the simple form for 2-D systems proposed by Attasi. Finally, it is shown how the proposed observer can be used in a feedback scheme to stabilize a 2-D filter having a state-space model of the Attasi type. |
6,669 | Please write an abstract with title: mm-Wave Single-Pole Double-Throw switches: HBT- vs MOSFET-based designs, and key words: MOSFET, Power demand, Insertion loss, Bandwidth, BiCMOS integrated circuits, Loss measurement, Frequency measurement. Abstract: This paper aims to compare the performance of HBT-based and MOSFET-based mm-Wave SPDT switches in a single BiCMOS technology. To the best of authors' knowledge, a direct comparison of this function in the same integrated process has never been reported before. Measurement results on two 50-GHz integrated SPDTs reveal that the HBT-based SPDT switch yields 1.7 dB of insertion loss and 14 dB of isolation in its central frequency, with a bandwidth covering the 30-80 GHz frequency range when considering a return loss greater than 10 dB. On the other hand, the MOSFET-based SPDT switch yields 2.1 dB of insertion loss and 12 dB of isolation at center frequency and a bandwidth covering the 33-80 GHz frequency range. |
6,670 | Please write an abstract with title: A Review on Image Processing Approaches for Glioma Grading, and key words: Tumors, Magnetic resonance imaging, Computed tomography, Gadolinium, Image resolution, Cancer. Abstract: In recent years, brain tumour cases have been on the rise and late diagnosis leads to high morbidity and mortality. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), brain tumours occur in around 250,000 people throughout the world. To detect the tumour at an early stage, appropriate usage of imaging modality yielding high resolution images play a vital role. Also, accurate grading of tumours is important to find the severity of the disease and the clinical condition of the patient. This paper reviews the types of brain tumours, modalities used for imaging and the already developed algorithms and their respective results. |
6,671 | Please write an abstract with title: Channel Statistics based Adaptive Feedback for Cooperative Massive MIMO Systems, and key words: Base stations, Quantization (signal), Adaptive systems, Bit rate, Massive MIMO, MIMO, Information and communication technology. Abstract: Feedback overhead for channel state information (CSI) acquisition and accordingly backhaul overhead for base station (BS) cooperation can be significantly reduced by channel statistics based codebook in cooperative massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. When utilizing the skewed codebook based on the channel covariance matrices, the effect of the quantization error on the achievable rate depends on the channel covariance matrices of the serving and interfering channels. Leveraging the analysis, we propose channel statistics based adaptive feedback by deriving optimal feedback bit allocation to the serving and interfering channels in a closed-form according to their channel covariance matrices. |
6,672 | Please write an abstract with title: On the optimum number of hops in linear wireless networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Wireless networks, Delay, Bandwidth, Time division multiple access, Relays, Wireless sensor networks, Spread spectrum communication, Decoding, Wireless communication. Abstract: We consider a wireless communication system with a single source node, a single destination node, and multiple relay nodes placed equidistantly between them. We limit our analysis to the case of coded TDMA multihop transmission, i.e., the nodes do not cooperate and do not try to access the channel simultaneously. Given a global constraint on bandwidth, we determine the number of hops that achieves a desired end-to-end rate with the least total transmission power. Furthermore, we examine how the optimum number of hops changes when an end-to-end delay constraint is introduced using the sphere-packing bound and computer simulations. The analysis demonstrates that the optimum number of hops depends on the end-to-end rate and the path-loss exponent. Specifically, we show the existence of an asymptotic per-link spectral efficiency, which is the preferred spectral efficiency in TDMA multihop transmission. |
6,673 | Please write an abstract with title: Model-based fuzzy control for the thermal management of PEM fuel cells, and key words: Cooling, Fuel cells, Water heating, Feedforward systems, Temperature distribution, Heating systems, Fans. Abstract: The reliability and durability of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) significantly depend on effective temperature control. However, temperature variation caused by dynamical load scenario and system disturbances will decrease its output performance and shorten lifetime. To address this problem, a compound control strategy of feedforward+fuzzy feedback for regulating the stack temperature is proposed in this paper. First, this paper explains the working mechanism of the fuel cell cooling system and establishes its dynamic model. Then, a stack temperature tracking controller based on feedforward+fuzzy feedback is proposed, which has strong robustness to system disturbance. Finally, simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness and superiority of the designed control strategy compared to feedforward control and feedforward+PID feedback control under different working conditions. |
6,674 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Use of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Forecasting the Labor Force Balance in the Russian Federation, and key words: Visualization, Scalability, Force, Sociology, Big Data, Forecasting, Statistics. Abstract: The relevancy of Big Data usage for the analysis and forecasting of labor force balance in the Russian Federation is substantiated in this article. This study takes into account the development of the digital economy in the Russian Federation, which increasingly includes telemediated working enforcing the organizations to process the required information quickly and efficiently to forecast correctly the labor force balance. The use of Big Data for labor force balance forecasting can improve communication between employers and prospective employees, increase the employee interest in professional development for the most lucrative jobs and provide the company that posts jobs with the best employees.The approbation of the main theoretical provisions of the proposed model and the practical implementation of the solution developed on its basis take place in the structural divisions of the Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy of Sciences (branch) of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University in Yalta. |
6,675 | Please write an abstract with title: Human-Robot Interaction Control using a Sliding Mode Controller with Disturbance Observer, and key words: Legged locomotion, Torque, Friction, Exoskeletons, Human-robot interaction, Disturbance observers, Trajectory. Abstract: Successful performance of an assistive exoskeleton robot relies on the proper adjustment of human-robot interaction torques. Arbitrary human movements, modeling uncertainties, and available disturbances are some of the challenges in achieving a high-precision torque control. In this paper, a sliding mode controller (SMC) is proposed for the adjustment of human-robot interaction torques in an assistive hip exoskeleton. The controller is equipped with a disturbance observer (DOB) that estimates the modeling errors and available disturbances. Some compensation terms are also added to the controller to compensate for the observed disturbances and other factors like gravity, friction and human movements. Performance of the proposed controller is experimentally evaluated by implementing on a custom-made hip exoskeleton robot, HEXA-I, worn by a healthy subject. The tests are conducted in different situations of stance leg, swinging leg, and walking in-phase/out-of-phase with the torque trajectory. The results show that the interaction torque successfully tracks the desired torque trajectory in all conditions. The results also verify the superior performance of the proposed controller in comparison with a PI controller and a SMC controller with no DOB. |
6,676 | Please write an abstract with title: Crowdsourcing-Based Fingerprinting for Indoor Location in Multi-Storey Buildings, and key words: Wireless fidelity, Crowdsourcing, Buildings, Trajectory, Sensors, Smart phones, IP networks. Abstract: The number of available indoor location solutions has been growing, however with insufficient precision, high implementation costs or scalability limitations. As fingerprinting-based methods rely on ubiquitous information in buildings, the need for additional infrastructure is discarded. Still, the time-consuming manual process to acquire fingerprints limits their applicability in most scenarios. This paper proposes an algorithm for the automatic construction of environmental fingerprints on multi-storey buildings, leveraging the information sources available in each scenario. It relies on unlabelled crowdsourced data from users’ smartphones. With only the floor plans as input, a demand for most applications, we apply a multimodal approach that joins inertial data, local magnetic field and Wi-Fi signals to construct highly accurate fingerprints. Precise movement estimation is achieved regardless of smartphone usage through Deep Neural Networks, and the transition between floors detected from barometric data. Users’ trajectories obtained with Pedestrian Dead Reckoning techniques are partitioned into clusters with Wi-Fi measurements. Straight sections from the same cluster are then compared with subsequence Dynamic Time Warping to search for similarities. From the identified overlapping sections, a particle filter fits each trajectory into the building’s floor plans. From all successfully mapped routes, fingerprints labelled with physical locations are finally obtained. Experimental results from an office and a university building show that this solution constructs comparable fingerprints to those acquired manually, thus providing a useful tool for fingerprinting-based solutions automatic setup. |
6,677 | Please write an abstract with title: Accelerating Web page retrieval through object usage declaration, and key words: Acceleration, Web pages, Delay, Encoding, Data compression, Transcoding, Content based retrieval, Containers, Network servers, Bandwidth. Abstract: With the increasing amount of dynamic and personalized Web content, researchers start to address the acceleration of the first time access of Web pages, hopefully to bring significant improvement to content delivery. While most of these efforts are related to the optimization of connectivity usage (e.g. persistent connection) and efficient content encoding (e.g. data compression and transcoding), this paper tries to address the same issue from the view point of content retrieval dependence within a Web page. A novel mechanism, called the object declaration (OD), is proposed to pass information about embedded object usage of a page to a client earlier, preferably without the need to fetch the data chunks of the page container object that defines them. Result shows that Web page latency can be reduced by about 3% to over 13%. |
6,678 | Please write an abstract with title: The Construction of Information Technology in Universities under the New Situation, and key words: Education, Organizations, Big Data applications, Data mining, Information technology, Optimization. Abstract: From the beginning of information technology entering the campus, the application of information technology has injected new vigor into the study, life and scientific research of university teachers and students, realized the digitized transformation of teaching, improved the ability of university administration, and promoted the overall development of the university. With the rapid development of information technology, information technology in universities has also ushered in a period of change. The original information technology in universities can no longer meet the soaring information needs of teachers and students. In addition, the in-depth mining of “data value” and the wide application of “big data” expose many drawbacks of university information technology in data application. The transformation of university information technology is imminent. |
6,679 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Method to Identify the Best Conventional Power Generation Technology in Saudi Arabia, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Wind, Costs, Oils, Low-carbon economy, Power generation planning, Sun. Abstract: This paper presents the developed methodology to determine the most optimal solution to generate electricity in Saudi Arabia by conventional power generators. The analysis will consider all parameters and factors in the country that influence the decision-making process such as efficiency, cost, water utilization, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and land use. The methodology utilizes the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), which is one of the Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods. This approach can support and assist power generation planning firms to adopt the most accurate generation system anywhere in the world. In this paper, the methodology is applied to Saudi Arabia, as the country has ambitious targets of relying more on environmentally friendly generation; such as renewables, natural gas turbines and nuclear power plants. |
6,680 | Please write an abstract with title: Growth Optimization of Multi-Layer Graphene for Thermal-TSV Application in 3D-LSI, and key words: Through-silicon vias, Graphene, Three-dimensional displays, Heating systems, Silicon, System integration, Nickel. Abstract: A feasibility study for the continuous formation of multi-layer graphene (MLG) on both through-Si-via (TSV) top surface and all through the TSV sidewall and the bottom surface of high-aspect-ratio TSV by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique has been carried out. Both microstructural and μ-Raman studies on cross-sectional graphene-TSV samples confirmed that the continuous formation of MLG all along the TSV side wall for the CVD growth temperatures of 650°C and above, and it may be used as thermal TSVs for heat removal in the stacked tiers of 3D-LSI/IC. |
6,681 | Please write an abstract with title: Anomalous changes in the band gap of ZnO during the oxidation of zinc nanoparticles, and key words: Nanoparticles, Temperature dependence, Temperature, Photonic band gap, II-VI semiconductor materials, Zinc oxide, Pulsed laser deposition. Abstract: Granulated zinc metal films on fused quartz and sapphire supports were obtained via pulsed laser deposition and then oxidized in air. We found that the properties of the formed ZnO nanostructured film depend on the oxidation temperature and the nature of the film support in a complicated way. The reduced dimension of the zinc oxide nanoparticles manifests itself in the enhanced optical band gap. |
6,682 | Please write an abstract with title: An Online Method for Monitoring Substation Grounding Grid Impedances—Part II: Verifications and Applications, and key words: Grounding, Substations, Impedance, Wires, Voltage control, Software packages, Conductors. Abstract: This paper presents extensive verification, sensitivity, and application studies for an online substation grounding grid condition monitoring method proposed in a companion paper. The studies are conducted using a realistic substation grounding grid and associated feeder configurations commonly encountered in North America. The verification studies confirm that the proposed method is able to estimate the substation grounding impedances with acceptable accuracy. Main factors impacting measurement accuracy are identified and quantified through sensitivity studies. The findings lead to a guide for the implementation and operation of the proposed method. An application case is presented to demonstrate how the gradual deterioration of substation grounding grid can be monitored using the proposed method. |
6,683 | Please write an abstract with title: Scanning Angle Control of MEMS Micro-mirror Used in LIDAR, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Laser radar, PI control, Target tracking, Real-time systems, Laser beams, PD control. Abstract: In this paper, a robust-control scheme of scanning angle of MEMS micro-mirror-based LIDAR is proposed. The structure of LIDAR using an electromagnetically driven scanning micro-mirror for laser beam scanning is presented. Then, based on the analysis of the characteristic of the micromirror, a nonlinear hysteresis compensation scheme is used for compensating the effect of hysteresis, then a PID strategy based on robust design is proposed for controling the angular movement. The corresponding experimental results are illustrated. |
6,684 | Please write an abstract with title: A Lightweight Secure Mutual Authentication Protocol for IoT Devices, and key words: Protocols, Costs, Authentication, Process control, Resists, Physical unclonable function, Hardware. Abstract: To solve the problem of high overhead and low security of some traditional IoT authentication protocols, a lightweight authentication protocol based on a physical unclonable function is proposed. The protocol limits the authentication information that an attacker may obtain through a two-stage authentication process controlled by two physical unclonable function (PUF) instances and can effectively resist a variety of attacks including PUF modeling attacks while maintaining a small hardware overhead. The proposed protocol is simulated by FPGA and analyzed by theoretical and experimental results. The protocol has a simple structure, low hardware, and communication overheads compared to the same type of design. It can resist a variety of attacks and is suitable for authenticating between IoT devices. |
6,685 | Please write an abstract with title: Quality processing of microarray image data through image inpainting and texture synthesis, and key words: Image reconstruction, RNA, Microscopy, Pipelines, Image analysis, Biological information theory, DNA, Information systems, Noise reduction, Background noise. Abstract: Image inpainting techniques are usually employed to reconstruct small areas of images that may have been damaged, producing results which are often aesthetically indistinguishable from the original. In this paper these techniques are used in a more error critical manner, as the aim is to reconstruct areas of real-world noisy cDNA microarray images and, thus, help reduce variation and remove background artifacts before post processing of this data. The paper evaluates a number of existing techniques and proposes some directions to further develop them in the context of microarray image processing. |
6,686 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Utilization of L-PAM Technique in Transdermal Optical Wireless Links with Stochastic Pointing Errors for ABER Performance Estimation, and key words: Wireless communication, Biomedical optical imaging, Optical recording, Bandwidth, Optical fiber communication, Adaptive optics, Optical modulation. Abstract: Ongoing research into implantable medical devices (IMDs) and optical wireless communication (OWC) links has recently revealed the feasibility of establishing high speed transdermal optical wireless (TOW) communication links between an in-body device and an external one with a reasonable low power consumption. Still, numerous emerging biomedical applications including mainly cortical recording and neural prosthesis require an increasingly higher modulation bandwidth and need to harvest the full benefits of this optical wireless communication modality. Thus, in the present contribution the potential of the enhancement of TOW spectral efficiency is investigated by utilizing the bandwidth efficient L symbol pulse amplitude modulation (L-PAM) scheme. In more detail, by taking varying and realistic parameter values for a typical direct TOW link into account and by considering also transdermal pathloss and the stochastic nature of weak to strong pointing errors, the average bit error rate (ABER) performance metric is evaluated for various PAM configurations. In this context, novel ABER analytical expressions are derived. Corresponding results which are further validated by Monte Carlo simulations over a wide signal to noise ratio (SNR) regime demonstrate the feasibility of our suggestions. |
6,687 | Please write an abstract with title: ERM: Energy-Based Refined-Attention Mechanism for Video Question Answering, and key words: Spatiotemporal phenomena, Visualization, Object oriented modeling, Transformers, Task analysis, Neurons, Cognition. Abstract: Spatiotemporal attention learning remains a challenging video question answering (VideoQA) task as it requires a sufficient understanding of cross-modal spatiotemporal information. Existing methods usually leverage different cross-modal attention mechanisms to reveal potential associations between video and question. While these methods effectively remove irrelevant information from the spatiotemporal attention, they ignore the pseudo-related information within the cross-modal interaction attention. To address this problem, we proposed a novel energy-based refined-attention mechanism (ERM). ERM leverages the significant difference distribution as a discriminative criterion derived from question-guided cross-modal interaction information to determine question-related and question-irrelated cross-modal interaction information. The specific method is to measure the linear separability between the target neuron and other neurons in the neural network to confirm the importance of neurons. In addition, to solve the statistical bias caused by the differences between different modes in video tasks, the ERM proposed in this paper has learnable parameters. The correlation between different modes can be learned adaptively through learnable parameters. The advantages of the proposed ERM are that it is more flexible and modular while remaining lightweight. With the help of the ERM, we construct a lightweight VideoQA model that efficiently integrates the cross-modal feature representations in an energy-based manner. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we carried out extensive experiments on five publicly available datasets and compared them with state-of-the-art VideoQA methods. The experiment results demonstrate that our method brings a noticeable performance improvement compared to state-of-the-art VideoQA methods. ERM can be flexibly integrated into different VideoQA methods to improve their Q&A performance. |
6,688 | Please write an abstract with title: Review on Panoramic Imaging and Its Applications in Scene Understanding, and key words: Imaging, Optical imaging, Optical sensors, High-speed optical techniques, Instruments, Optical design, Solid modeling. Abstract: With the rapid development of high-speed communication and artificial intelligence technologies, human perception of real-world scenes is no longer limited to the use of small Field of View (FoV) and low-dimensional scene detection devices. Panoramic imaging emerges as the next generation of innovative intelligent instruments for environmental perception and measurement. However, while satisfying the need for large-FoV photographic imaging, panoramic imaging instruments are expected to have high resolution, no blind area, miniaturization, and multidimensional intelligent perception and can be combined with artificial intelligence methods toward the next generation of intelligent instruments, enabling deeper understanding and more holistic perception of 360° real-world surrounding environments. Fortunately, recent advances in freeform surfaces, thin-plate optics, and metasurfaces provide innovative approaches to address the human perception of the environment, offering promising ideas beyond conventional optical imaging. In this review, we begin by introducing the basic principles of panoramic imaging systems and then describe the architectures, features, and functions of various panoramic imaging systems. Afterward, we discuss, in detail, the broad application prospects and great design potential of freeform surfaces, thin-plate optics, and metasurfaces in panoramic imaging. We then provide a detailed analysis of how these techniques can help enhance the performance of panoramic imaging systems. We further offer a detailed analysis of applications of panoramic imaging in scene understanding for autonomous driving and robotics, spanning panoramic semantic image segmentation, panoramic depth estimation, panoramic visual localization, and so on. Finally, we cast a perspective on future potential and research directions for panoramic imaging instruments. |
6,689 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of the bounding box uncertainty of deep-learning object detection in HALCON software, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Uncertainty, Machine vision, Neural networks, Object detection, Production. Abstract: Deep neural networks have become more and more relevant for vision systems, for object detection and classification in industrial fields, such as robot navigation, monitoring and tracking. For such applications, vision systems have to be robust to environment conditions, occlusions and very accurate, as for bin picking. In this paper, we evaluate the performances of deep learning object detection neural networks in HALCON software, by investigating the uncertainty of bounding box position for object detection and the impact of disturbances. In this study, results evidenced the increase of bounding box uncertainty and the reduction of confidence of neural networks when disturbances are introduced, as well as the increment of uncertainty, when confidence lowers. When errors are introduced in labeling, the uncertainty of the bounding box position becomes higher, but lower than the error introduced. |
6,690 | Please write an abstract with title: Frequency dependence of Q-factor of high-Q adjustable HTSC circuit, and key words: Frequency dependence, Q factor, Coils, Surface resistance, Tunable circuits and devices, Coupling circuits, Equivalent circuits, Organizing, IEEE catalog, Message-oriented middleware. Abstract: An investigation of the Q-factor of an adjustable HTSC circuit in the 8-32 MHz range is carried out. The loss mechanisms are considered, and the mechanisms responsible for the observed behaviour of the Q-factor are determined. |
6,691 | Please write an abstract with title: The optimal logic depth per pipeline stage is 6 to 8 FO4 inverter delays, and key words: Pulse inverters, Delay, Clocks, Pipeline processing, Logic, Microprocessors, Frequency conversion, Fabrication, Jitter, Process design. Abstract: Microprocessor clock frequency has improved by nearly 40% annually over the past decade. This improvement has been provided, in equal measure, by smaller technologies and deeper pipelines. From our study of the SPEC 2000 benchmarks, we find that for a high-performance architecture implemented in 100 nm technology, the optimal clock period is approximately 8 fan-out-of-four (FO4) inverter delays for integer benchmarks, comprised of 6 FO4 of useful work and an overhead of about 2 FO4. The optimal clock period for floating-point benchmarks is 6 FO4. We find these optimal points to be insensitive to latch and clock skew overheads. Our study indicates that further pipelining can at best improve performance of integer programs by a factor of 2 over current designs. At these high clock frequencies it will be difficult to design the instruction issue window to operate in a single cycle. Consequently, we propose and evaluate a high-frequency design called a segmented instruction window. |
6,692 | Please write an abstract with title: Fixed Point and Stability of a Class of Stochastic Dynamic Systems with Markovian Switching, and key words: Military communication, Sufficient conditions, Stochastic systems, Conferences, Social sciences, Finance, Switches. Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the stability of impulsive neutral stochastic differential dynamic systems with Markovian switching. Some new sufficient conditions proving the stability in mean square of this impulsive neutral stochastic dynamic systems are derived by using of the Banach fixed point technique. Some well-known results are generalized and improved. |
6,693 | Please write an abstract with title: Slope-matched dispersion-compensating photonic crystal fibre, and key words: Photonic crystal fibers, Telecommunications, Dispersion, Wavelength measurement, Fiber nonlinear optics, Optical refraction, Optical variables control, Optical design, Optical device fabrication, Refractive index. Abstract: We report the first experimental realisation of a dispersion-compensating photonic crystal fibre. With a dispersion of -1211 ps/nm/!un, the fibre compensates 75 times its length of conventional telecoms fibre, and is 85% slope-matched. |
6,694 | Please write an abstract with title: Passive reduction algorithm for RLC interconnect circuits with embedded state-space systems (PRESS), and key words: Integrated circuit interconnections, RLC circuits, Equations, Reduced order systems, Transmission line measurements, Electromagnetic measurements, Microwave circuits, Transmission line matrix methods, Design automation, Computational modeling. Abstract: With the increasing operating frequencies and functionality in modern designs, the resulting size of circuit equations of high-frequency interconnect and microwave subnetworks are becoming large. Model-order reduction-based algorithms were recently suggested to handle the solution complexity of such circuits. The major objectives in state-of-the-art model-reduction algorithms are: 1) achieving accurate and compact models; 2) numerically stable and efficient generation of models; and 3) preservation of system properties such as passivity. Algorithms such as PRIMA generate guaranteed passive reduced-order models for large interconnect circuits described by RLC type of circuits. However, with the diverse technologies and complex geometries, it is becoming prevalent to describe some of the embedded linear modules in terms of state-space equations. In this paper, we show how to extend the scope of PRIMA-type first-level reduction algorithms for simultaneous reduction of combined circuits containing both RLC interconnects and embedded modules described by general passive state-space equations, while preserving the passivity of the resulting reduced-order model. Necessary formulation, proof of macromodel passivity, and validation examples are given. |
6,695 | Please write an abstract with title: Time Series Analysis and Forecasting: Application of Financial Crisis Early Warning, and key words: Time series, Financial Crisis, Early Warning Model. Abstract: Affected by the new crown pneumonia epidemic around the world, many companies have experienced financial crises and even gone bankrupt. Business managers, investors and creditors have all suffered considerable economic losses. Based on the time series forecasting method, this study chooses ARIMA model and exponential smoothing model to build financial early warning models respectively. By comparing the data of the two forecasting models, it is shown that the forecasting error rates of ARIMA model and exponential smoothing forecasting model are both in a reasonable range, and they are both suitable for enterprise financial early warning research. In contrast, the prediction accuracy of exponential smoothing model is higher. In the future, when an enterprise establishes a financial crisis early warning system, it can use the above two models to make financial forecast, so as to judge the financial situation of the enterprise. |
6,696 | Please write an abstract with title: Application Research on Prediction Algorithm of Fire Line Motion Trajectory, and key words: Smoothing methods, Firing, Projectiles, Logic gates, Prediction algorithms, Control systems, Stability analysis. Abstract: Firing delay is common problem in the firing process of armored vehicles, which seriously restricts the improvement of firing accuracy. It is a new solution to predict the position of the gun after the delay of firing to predict whether the line of fire is within the firing door and then to judge whether to send a signal to lire, so as to achieve the purpose that the line of fire is just within the firing door when the projectile leaves the muzzle. So, a quadratic exponential smoothing prediction algorithm based on CEEMD is proposed to predict the motion trajectory of the fire line after 20ms. The standard deviation of that is 0.0244mil, and the accuracy of judging whether the fire line enters the door is 96.02%. The simulation result shows that the method is feasible, which is conducive to improve the shooting accuracy, and provides a new technical way for engineering practice. |
6,697 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Singular Value Decomposition Based Big Data Compression Approach in Smart Grids, and key words: Smart grids, Phasor measurement units, Image coding, Data compression, Power systems, Noise reduction, Multiresolution analysis. Abstract: The smart grid is a fully automatic delivery grid for electricity power with a two-way reliable flow of electricity and information among different equipment on the grid. Smart meters and sensors monitoring the system provide a huge amount of data in various part of smart grid. To logically manage this trouble, a new lossy data compression approach for big data compression is proposed. The optimal singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied to a matrix that achieves the optimal number of singular values to the sending process, and the other ones will be neglected. This goal is done due to the quality of retrieved data and the compression ratio. In the presented scheme, to implement the optimization framework, various intelligent optimization methods are used to determine the number of optimal values in the elimination stage. The efficiency and capabilities of the proposed method are examined using a wide range of data types, from electricity market data to image processing benchmarks. The comparisons show that the compression level obtained by the proposed method can dominate the points given by the existing SVD rank reduction methods. Also, as the other finding of this article, the performance of the rank reduction methods depends on the application and data types. It means that a rank reduction method can reveal a good performance in one application and performs unacceptably for another purpose. So, the optimized rank reduction can pave the way toward a robust and reliable performance. |
6,698 | Please write an abstract with title: Statistical Performance Analysis on ≈ 320 Perovskite Single- and Two-junction Solar Cells and Modules from >30 Global Sources, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Performance evaluation, Voltage measurement, Current measurement, Photovoltaic cells, Short-circuit currents, Perovskites. Abstract: As perovskite photovoltaics (PV) advance from the laboratory to commercial prototypes, their accurate and reliable performance testing is becoming increasingly important. The well documented dynamic response of perovskite solar cells to an external applied voltage has led to the development of steady-state performance measurement methods; however, these methods have not been widely adopted by the perovskite PV community. A key reason for this is that steady-state measurement methods take tens of minutes to complete, as opposed to conventional “fast” current-voltage (I-V) measurements usually lasting a few seconds. Fast I-Vs arise from a snapshot, almost always not a steady-state condition of the device; however, given their widespread use, the question arises: how do performance parameters of perovskite PV compare when measured with fast I-V and with a steady-state method? We compile results from ca. 320 perovskite PV cells and modules, including single junction, and two-terminal perovskite-perovskite and perovskite-Si tandems, and show that fast I-Vs can provide a useful measure of the open-circuit voltage of the devices, while the short-circuit current and the overall efficiency can be widely misestimated. We discuss implications of these findings on performance testing protocols and propose possible options for fast and accurate testing of perovskite PV. |
6,699 | Please write an abstract with title: Miniaturized And Wideband Chipless RFID Tag Antenna, and key words: Slot antennas, Transceivers, Encoding, Broadband antennas, Transponders, Passive RFID tags, Wideband. Abstract: This paper presented the miniaturized and wideband chipless RFID tag. A compact and wideband egg-shaped monopole antenna with a slotted triangle-shaped ground plane tag antenna had been designed, simulated and fabricated with a dimension of 170 mm × 120 mm using PET substrate operating between 0.9 GHz and 2.9 GHz. The 0.17λ × 0.51λ omnidirectional monopole antenna improved the overall bandwidth and the gain antenna is compared to the conventional circular monopole antenna. The proposed egg-shaped monopole antenna can be integrated with the coding element as the transceiver of the transponder for the retransmission method that can be used for chipless RFID application. |
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