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6,700 | Please write an abstract with title: Automation Technology Solution Providers' Inter-organisational Collaboration for Production Innovation, and key words: Manufacturing industries, Technological innovation, Costs, Conferences, Collaboration, Production, Companies. Abstract: Automation technology solution providers (ATSPs) offer tailor-made production solutions to their customers. In today's competitive manufacturing industry market, affected by rapid technological transformation, ATSPs need advanced technology skills and high innovation capabilities to develop the right solution for specific customer challenges. This paper is based on an empirical study of 19 small and medium-sized ATSP companies in an industrial cluster. It discusses the role of inter-organisational collaboration for small ATSPs to enhance innovation and mitigate the resource challenges that they face due to their limited size. A conceptual model for collaboration strategies is proposed to support ATSP developing production innovation. |
6,701 | Please write an abstract with title: Miniature fiber optic towed array for AUV applications, and key words: Optical fiber sensors, Optical switches, Optical fiber cables, Sonar equipment, Optical fiber couplers, Optical arrays, Sensor arrays. Abstract: The towed array sensor fit is a real challenge in AUVs due to its space constraints. Only miniature arrays are possible, that too with minimal length. The major components needed for a compatible array are the miniature hydrophones, with less h/w components and minimal cabling & connectors, thus achieving a miniature towed array. The fully electrically passive nature of fiber optic (FO) arrays where sensors can be remotely located through a fiber optic cable, without electrical power, is well suited for towed array sonar applications. This paper aims at the design of miniature mandrel FO hydrophones, its interrogation method and the ultra thin towed array. Considering the hydrostatic pressure tolerance at water depths, a composite mandrel with metal base and foaming layer is proposed for a miniature mandrel FO hydrophone. Small diameter fiber and fiber bragg grating written on to the fiber through the coating eliminates couplers and mirrors thus reducing the components are proposed. An array design with 16 hydrophones using path-matched differential interferometry (PMDI) scheme based on heterodyne interrogator technique is used. |
6,702 | Please write an abstract with title: A keyword-based semantic prefetching approach in Internet news services, and key words: Prefetching, Web and internet services, Uniform resource locators, Delay, History, Neural networks, Network servers, Hypertext systems, Predictive models, Decision making. Abstract: Prefetching is an important technique to reduce the average Web access latency. Existing prefetching methods are based mostly on URL graphs. They use the graphical nature of HTTP links to determine the possible paths through a hypertext system. Although the URL graph-based approaches are effective in prefetching of frequently accessed documents, few of them can prefetch those URLs that are rarely visited. The paper presents a keyword-based semantic prefetching approach to overcome the limitation. It predicts future requests based on semantic preferences of past retrieved Web documents. We apply this technique to Internet news services and implement a client-side personalized prefetching system: NewsAgent. The system exploits semantic preferences by analyzing keywords in URL anchor text of previously accessed documents in different news categories. It employs a neural network model over the keyword set to predict future requests. The system features a self-learning capability and good adaptability to the change of client surfing interest. NewsAgent does not exploit keyword synonymy for conservativeness in prefetching. However, it alleviates the impact of keyword polysemy by taking into account server-provided categorical information in decision-making and, hence, captures more semantic knowledge than term-document literal matching methods. Experimental results from daily browsing of ABC News, CNN, and MSNBC news sites for a period of three months show an achievement of up to 60 percent hit ratio due to prefetching. |
6,703 | Please write an abstract with title: Identifying Principles and Ownership of Data Governance Framework for Higher Education Institution, and key words: Technological innovation, Education, Standards organizations, Organizations, Tools, Strategic planning, Data structures. Abstract: Effective strategic planning and decision- making process is a complex process as it involves a large volume of data to produce quality information. In the context of Higher Education, specifically on student development, the worrying part is making poor decision due to incomplete, inaccurate and unreliable data. Structuring large volume of data is challenging despite numerous tools in data management. This is because managing data of student development involves multi- layer and cross functional departments. Therefore, designing and developing data governance framework is essential to assist university produce quality data. This paper aims to present a literature review conducted to classify principles in designing data governance framework that have been debated in previous study. It includes identifying roles and accountability being assigned in each decision- making area in data structure of student development. The information is then used to propose a conceptual framework to design data governance framework in the context of managing data of student development that can be aligned with higher education institution desired outcome. |
6,704 | Please write an abstract with title: HASHTAG: Hash Signatures for Online Detection of Fault-Injection Attacks on Deep Neural Networks, and key words: Hash functions, Deep learning, Performance evaluation, Fault diagnosis, Runtime, Sensitivity analysis, Fault detection. Abstract: We propose Hashtag, the first framework that enables high-accuracy detection of fault-injection attacks on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with provable bounds on detection performance. Recent literature in fault-injection attacks shows the severe DNN accuracy degradation caused by bit flips. In this scenario, the attacker changes a few weight bits during DNN execution by tampering with the program's DRAM memory. To detect runtime bit flips, Hashtag extracts a unique signature from the benign DNN prior to deployment. The signature is later used to validate the integrity of the DNN and verify the inference output on the fly. We propose a novel sensitivity analysis scheme that accurately identifies the most vulnerable DNN layers to the fault-injection attack. The DNN signature is then constructed by encoding the underlying weights in the vulnerable layers using a low-collision hash function. When the DNN is deployed, new hashes are extracted from the target layers during inference and compared against the ground-truth signatures. Hashtag incorporates a lightweight methodology that ensures a low-overhead and real-time fault detection on embedded platforms. Extensive evaluations with the state-of-the-art bit-flip attack on various DNNs demonstrate the competitive advantage of Hashtag in terms of both attack detection and execution overhead. |
6,705 | Please write an abstract with title: Designing mega-ASICs in nanogate technologies, and key words: Design methodology, Microelectronics, Rivers, Product design, Power system reliability, Signal design, Productivity, Logic design, Logic circuits, Silicon. Abstract: This paper discusses challenges the designer faces in integrating entire system product designs, containing tens or even hundreds of millions of logic gates, into single chip solutions now within reach using circuit densities possible in the latest silicon technologies. Managing designs of this size presents a new dimension of issues, and managing the physical and electrical effects of these high density device geometries presents another; solutions in both these areas are presented. Lastly, this paper discusses the integration of multiple functional components (previously organized as systems of multiple chips from multiple design sources and technologies) into a single chip product. |
6,706 | Please write an abstract with title: Cascading failures in large rectifiers or the myth of N-1, and key words: Power system faults, Power system protection, Rectifiers, Fuses, Leg, Current measurement, Thyristors, Voltage, Thermal resistance, USA Councils. Abstract: Large rectifiers depend on the parallel operation of significant numbers of parallel devices, either diodes or SCRs. Protection systems against cascading failure range from periodic visual inspection of an indicating system, to a wide variety of automatic alarm/trip systems. Historically, many of these systems have experienced cascading failures in spite of these systems, sometimes with catastrophic results. Many times, these failures occur only after many years of trouble free operation, when personnel fully aware of the system are no longer available. This paper will attempt to simulate this type of failure by using a matrix of thermal models for the fuses and devices. Statistical variations are entered to investigate the conditions leading to cascade failure, and the rates of the resulting cascade. Implications for protection systems and maintenance requirements are discussed. |
6,707 | Please write an abstract with title: On the accuracy of direct extraction of the heterojunction-bipolar-transistor equivalent-circuit model parameters C/sub /spl pi//, C/sub BC/, and R/sub E/, and key words: Capacitance, Equations, Bipolar transistors, Indium phosphide, Parameter extraction, Microwave technology, Double heterojunction bipolar transistors, Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Frequency, Electrical resistance measurement. Abstract: Several basic small-signal equivalent-circuit models for bipolar transistors lead to simple analytical expressions for the model parameters in terms of measured values. This paper investigates the accuracy of these expressions for real transistors by applying the direct extraction equations to more complicated small-signal models. The extraction of the base/collector capacitance, base/emitter capacitance, and emitter resistance are considered. Analytically derived trends are illustrated using measurements on small-area high-speed InP/GaAsSb/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors. |
6,708 | Please write an abstract with title: PoSC: Combined Score for Consensus in Intemet-of-Things Applications, and key words: Energy consumption, Memory management, Fault tolerant systems, Proof of Work, Consensus protocol, Peer-to-peer computing, Internet of Things. Abstract: The properties of decentralization, security, and immutability have made the blockchain technology beneficial for various Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Consensus algorithms enable the peers in IoT-based networks to reach a common agreement on the current state of the network stored in a distributed ledger. The consensus protocols such as Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) face centrality failure problem in terms of high concentration of computational power and the amount of tokens respectively. Thus, the scope exists to enhance the existing consensus protocols and address the centralization problem maintaining low complexity and resource consumption. We propose a novel consensus protocol based on Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS). We name our proposed consensus protocol as Proof of SCore (PoSC). PoSC provides fairness in decentralized network by calculating the combination score from all the nodes. This combination score relates to the stake and reputation score. This score helps the IoT nodes to maintain trust and ensure security. We have also performed the experimental and logical interpretation of PoSC. We compare the performance of PoSC with the existing consensus protocols including PoW, PoS, Byzantine Fault Tolerance, Raft, and Paxos. Our proposed PoSC protocol is efficient in terms of reduced memory consumption by 35%, reduced time consumption by 30%, and energy consumption reduction by 25% as compared to the mentioned existing protocols on average. Moreover, PoSC avoids centrality failure suffered by PoW and PoS. Thus, PoSC is suitable for resource constrained applications of IoTs. |
6,709 | Please write an abstract with title: A Low Latency Polar Coded Modulation Scheme for Noncoherent MIMO, and key words: Conferences, MIMO communication, Modulation, Complexity theory, Performance analysis. Abstract: With end-to-end latency constantly emphasized in next generation wireless communication, we present a novel low latency polar coded modulation scheme for noncoherent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. Parallel demodulation structure is utilized in our scheme in order to reduce the latency of noncoherent MIMO demodulation. Moreover, by splitting a whole polar code into several component codes, we increase the parallelism of polar decoding to further reduce latency. Besides, an efficient and practical polar code construction method is provided. Complexity analysis and numerical simulation show that system latency is significantly reduced with a trivial error performance loss. |
6,710 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of software maintenance data using multi-technique approach, and key words: Software maintenance, Data mining, Data analysis, Programming, Predictive models, Software quality, Bayesian methods, Decision trees, Computer architecture, Software engineering. Abstract: Amount of software engineering data that is accumulated by software companies grows with enormous speed. This data is a source of knowledge about different activities related to software development and maintenance. Many different techniques and tools have been developed and proposed for extracting knowledge and representing it in forms understandable by people. These techniques are based on different principles and they process data differently. This paper illustrates a multi-technique approach to analysis of data. A detailed case study of analyzing software maintenance data is presented. Different models are built, analyzed and evaluated. The first model is a Bayesian network. The second is a set of IF-THEN rules extracted from the data, and the third one is built using a decision tree. The emphasis of the analysis is put on two aspects - how the models support understanding of a process represented by the data, and how good prediction capabilities these models have. |
6,711 | Please write an abstract with title: Wearable Slotted Antenna Modelled by Cylindrical TLM Method, and key words: Wearable antennas, Slotted antenna, Transmission line-modelling method. Abstract: This paper studies possibilities of TLM method to analyze a textile slotted antenna with tunable capabilities. Different sizes of a polygon-shaped slot on rectangular patch antenna are analyzed to achieve the tuning effect. Additionally, suitability of cylindrical TLM approach is demonstrated under bending conditions, where resonant frequencies and return loss are considered. |
6,712 | Please write an abstract with title: Second-Order Horizontal Multi-Synchrosqueezing Transform for Hydrocarbon Reservoir Identification, and key words: Transforms, Time-frequency analysis, Delay estimation, Frequency estimation, Entropy, Reservoirs, Chirp. Abstract: Time-frequency (TF) analysis has received considerable attention in seismic spectral anomaly detection for its superiority in significantly revealing the frequency content of seismic signals changing with time variation. In this letter, a novel method termed second-order horizontal multi-synchrosqueezing transform (SHMSST) is proposed for hydrocarbon reservoir identification. First, a Gaussian-modulated linear chirp model is constructed in the frequency domain for describing the signals with slowly or rapidly linear-varying group delay. Then, the second-order local group delay estimation of the model is deduced in the TF domain through an approach similar to the instantaneous frequency estimation in the synchrosqueezing transform (SST). Finally, the rearrangement procedure is executed iteratively to concentrate the blurry TF energy into the estimated group delay, which provides an energy-concentrated TF representation for the signals with distinct nonlinear and nonstationary features. Synthetic signal and field seismic data illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed SHMSST in time localization and direct hydrocarbon detection. |
6,713 | Please write an abstract with title: Vapor-Chamber Performance Evaluation: The Challenge of Impartial Cross-Platform Comparison, and key words: Performance evaluation, Thermal management of electronics, Visualization, Renewable energy sources, Thermomechanical processes, Production, Power electronics. Abstract: The worldwide power electronics market is expected to expand at an annual growth rate of 4.7% from USD 35.1 billion in 2020 to USD 44.2 billion by 2025 [1]. This rise is fueled by the use of renewable energy sources throughout the world, and the increasing utilization of power electronics in the production of electric vehicles. The expanding implementation of power electronics in consumer products is another key driver of the market's growth. The most significant impediment in the electronic systems is their thermal management. Two-phase cooling is currently the standard thermal-management solution in all its forms, including heat pipes, vapor chambers, thermosyphons, and so on. But comparing the performance of different systems poses many challenges, thus making decision making difficult in the absence of complete information for each device.In this study, a list of ten critical elements or parameters required to unambiguously characterize the design and performance of a promising two-phase heat-transfer system for future deployment and development, namely the vapor chamber, is presented. This "Decalogue" is inspired by three main factors. First, the rising demand for better and more effective vapor chamber assemblies, which has prompted both industry and academia to invest substantially in related R&D. Second, this investment has resulted in a plethora of new systems (i.e. [2] –[6] etc.) where each design has been accompanied with insufficient description, making it difficult, if not impossible, to perform detailed comparisons across different designs/approaches. Third, the need to develop a common set of standards for describing such systems so that similar designs/philosophies may be compared successfully by researchers and developers seeking to duplicate results and improve on previous performance, especially in commercialized systems.We seek to gather all criteria needed to characterize each vapor chamber system, while exhibiting all benefits and limitations of its design, and illustrating what type of technical application the design may be helpful for, using a simple tabular method. The suggested approach might serve as a reference point or a standard way of accurately representing this type of heat transfer component. This description should benefit researchers in the area by clearly stating what the actual measurements/attributes of each system are, while also emphasizing the relevance/importance of each design by simply comparing it to others. The ten (deca) points presented here merely illustrate the most essential aspects of the design and performance of any vapor chamber. |
6,714 | Please write an abstract with title: WiFi-Based Real-Time Breathing and Heart Rate Monitoring during Sleep, and key words: Fresnel reflection, Sleep apnea, Monitoring, Heart rate, Wireless fidelity, Real-time systems, Antennas. Abstract: Good quality sleep is essential for good health and sleep monitoring becomes a vital research topic. This paper provides a low cost, continuous and contactless WiFi-based vital signs (breathing and heart rate) monitoring method. In particular, we set up the antennas based on Fresnel diffraction model and signal propagation theory, which enhances the detection of weak breathing/heartbeat motion. We implement a prototype system using the off-shelf devices and a real-time processing system to monitor vital signs in real time. The experimental results indicate the accurate breathing rate and heart rate detection performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to use a pair of WiFi devices and omnidirectional antennas to achieve real-time individual breathing rate and heart rate monitoring in different sleeping postures. |
6,715 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of new and conventional low voltage current mirrors, and key words: Low voltage, Mirrors, CMOS technology, Impedance, Automotive engineering, Analog circuits, Dynamic range, USA Councils, Computer architecture, Frequency response. Abstract: A comparison of several architectures of low voltage CMOS current mirrors is presented. The comparison includes: input impedance, output impedance, gain accuracy, frequency response and input and output voltage requirements. Simulations and experimental results of test chips prototypes are shown that are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. |
6,716 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of intelligent control system for open flame smokeless Moxibustion instrument, and key words: Integrated circuits, Instruments, Fires, Software, Hardware, Manufacturing, Mechanical engineering. Abstract: Aiming at the shortage of intelligent control in the existing open flame smokeless moxibustion instrument (MAWS), this paper designs and implements its intelligent control system (ICS). Firstly, the existing components and functions of the open flame smokeless moxibustion instrument were analyzed. Then, users' needs and the related information of traditional Chinese medicine's acupoints were investigated as the relevant basic elements and intelligent control's scheme were given. On this basis, the hardware part of intelligent control and the corresponding software implementation is designed. Subsequently, A large amount of engineering practices indicated that the open flame smokeless moxibustion instrument with an intelligent control system can effectively meet the needs of users and provide strong support may be better to delete "and guarantee" for the health of the users. |
6,717 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Optical Remote Sensing of Improved Shallow Water Bathymetry Without Measured Water Depth, and key words: Water, Area measurement, Optical attenuators, Optical variables measurement, Attenuation measurement, Attenuation, Particle measurements. Abstract: Passive optical shallow water bathymetry algorithms often need some actual measured water depths to participate in model calculation. In recent years, some new bathymetry methods without using the actual measured depth have been developed, such as the dual band log linear model. However, many theoretical assumptions are used in the calculation of the diffuse attenuation coefficient of green band in the model, and the result may be inaccurate. In order to obtain more accurate diffuse attenuation coefficient, Hydrolight is used for water optics simulation, and 30 groups of simulation values of different water components and water depths are obtained. The experimental results of bathymetry model with simulated parameters show that the inversion accuracy of Dongdao Island and Oahu Island is satisfactory, the mean absolute error is less than 2 m, and the mean relative error is 20.9% and 15.9% respectively |
6,718 | Please write an abstract with title: Frequency Modulation and Translation with Magnetoelastic Waves in YIG, and key words: Frequency modulation, Delay, Turning, Pulse compression methods, Magnetoelasticity, Paints, Magnetostatic waves, Large-scale systems, Yttrium, Iron. Abstract: A magnetoelastic wave propagating in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) can be frequency translated or frequency modulated by pulsing the biasing magnetic field. Room temperature experiments of this kind are described here for a |
6,719 | Please write an abstract with title: A CADDEX tool for CAD and CAE integration, and key words: Solid modeling, Mechatronics, XML, Tools, Systems engineering and theory, Mechanical products, Computer aided engineering. Abstract: In recent years, the CAD-simulation integration becomes more than important in the design of complex mechanical products. In CAD environment, the simulation incorporates not only the FEM simulation, but also the simulation of assembly and disassembly plans, tolerancing, etc. The mock-up of mechatronic products made by CAD systems must respond to the requirements given by the system engineer. This loop, when automated, ensures the interoperability between different systems of an industrial product. However, in reality, there is a lack of continuity between the CAD designer and the system engineer. Some CAD data are needed to be transferred to Computer Aided Engineering applications (CAE) such as: part's data (mass, volume, inertia matrix, center of mass coordinates...) and the assembly data (assembly constraint, assembly matrices, dynamic collision, etc.). In this paper, a FreeCAD Workbench application is developed and implemented as an open-source tool. The main objective is to question the CAD system in order to extract relevant data and export them under a standard format. The SysML graphic formalism is used to develop the proposed tool, named CADDEX©. Using the implemented tool, the collected data parts are exported as an XML format which is used by the system engineering (SE). An illustrative example is used to highlight the advantages and limitations of the proposed too |
6,720 | Please write an abstract with title: Network Analysis of Chebyshev Polynomial in a Fixed-precision Digital Domain, and key words: Structural rings, Chebyshev approximation, Numerical simulation, Finite element analysis, Cryptography, Galois fields, Dynamical systems. Abstract: Recently, the dynamical systems generated by iterating a polynomial on a finite field are widely used in cryptography, physics and so on. Especially, Chebyshev polynomial plays a significant role in such application. This paper depicts the variation rules of Chebyshev integer sequence for every initial value in a ring. As for most of the initial states, the period of the corresponding sequence increase with the implementation precision. In addition, from the perspective of associate state-mapping networks, the circle structure of the Chebyshev polynomial implemented in a fixed-point arithmetic domain is investigated. It is found that the number of circles of different length remains unchanged with respect to the precision. The results can be used to understand the dynamic characteristics of Chebyshev polynomial and evaluate its cryptographic applications. |
6,721 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Group-Based Neighbor Discovery for Wireless Sensor Networks, and key words: Military communication, Wireless sensor networks, Schedules, Analytical models, Probabilistic logic, Delays, Remote sensing. Abstract: Wireless sensor networks have several applications, which usually need fast communication establishment of neighbor nodes such as military applications and business applications. Discovery of neighboring nodes is treated as a demanding problem in any network of remote sensors, on account of the low-duty cycle mode, high mobility and limited energy of nodes. At present, we have two kinds of neighbor revelation techniques: group-wise and pair-wise discovery techniques. The past techniques introduce high discovery latency, and the recent ones speed up the revelation process of nodes with a surplus of energy overhead, that is not desirable. Here, we present an effective group-based neighbor revelation technique based on probabilistic separation, that results in a good balance between revelation delay and energy utilization and accelerates the discovery process. We use schedule reference technique for better recommendation of nodes and avoid direct referring of nodes in the group. A node is considered to be a neighbor of another node by estimating its probabilistic separation. We use RSSI strengths of nodes to calculate probabilistic separation between nodes. Analytical and Simulation outcomes demonstrate that our method measurably accomplishes a better compromise between energy utilization and revelation delay. Our method of neighbor discovery also shows significant drop in revelation delay with a small boost in energy utilization compared with former neighbor revelation techniques. |
6,722 | Please write an abstract with title: The B2B adoption in retail firms in China: an empirical study, and key words: Information technology, Business, Flexible manufacturing systems, Government, Writing, Technological innovation, Decision making, Information systems. Abstract: This paper presents the preliminary results of a study on the adoption of B2B platform in retail firms in China. Our focus is on clarifying whether and to what extent differences, such as organizational culture and government regulatory play roles in the information technology adoption. Based on Tornatsky and Fleischer's (1990) technology-organization-environment framework, the factors investigated are environmental, organizational, technological context. Seven hypotheses are formed and the survey is made among the top 100 retail firms in China. At the time of writing, the data collection is still in process, the expected outcomes will have implications for retailers themselves, information technology vendors and governments. |
6,723 | Please write an abstract with title: A software platform for monitoring radiation detection systems, and key words: Computers, Computer languages, Databases, Radiation detectors, Information security, User interfaces, Software. Abstract: In order to permanently monitor the environmental radiation which could result in radiological hazards but also to improve accuracy of scientific results regarding cosmic particles, new systems are being developed. However, from various causes these systems are prone to errors and false alarms can be triggered thus any change in the operating parameters of the radiation detection systems has to be detected immediately. The main objective of this paper is to provide a universal solution for automatic monitoring of radiation detection systems. The proposed software solution fulfills the high-level objectives of this paper – the implementation of a software solution which automatically monitors a radiation detection system. The solution was developed and works for a specific system, but it can be used for other detection systems as well with minor changes such as definition of the class attributes. |
6,724 | Please write an abstract with title: A Deep Learning Algorithm for Groundwater Level Prediction based on Spatial-temporal Attention Mechanism, and key words: Deep learning, Biological system modeling, Computational modeling, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Numerical models, Classification algorithms. Abstract: Groundwater modeling is an effective solution for water resources management and exploring complex groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Although groundwater models have been investigated for >5 decades, the computation costs and model accuracy of numerical models are limited by the assumption and conceptualization of the physical mechanisms. Deep learning algorithms have been widely studied and applied in classifications and regressions which provides a feasible solution for groundwater level prediction. This paper proposed a novel deep learning algorithm for groundwater level prediction based on spatial-temporal attention mechanism to improve the accuracy and efficiency of groundwater modeling. Two kind of groundwater level predictions-short-term (one month ahead) and long-term (twelve months ahead) prediction-were conducted. Observed groundwater levels collected in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin in northwestern China were used to train and test the algorithm. Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm and several baseline models. The results show that the proposed model is able to effectively improve the prediction accuracy compared to baseline models with MAE of 0.0754, RMSE of 0.0952 for short-term prediction and MAE of 0.0983, RMSE of 0.1215 for long-term prediction. This study provides a cost-effective and accurate approach for groundwater prediction which may facilitate policy making for water management. |
6,725 | Please write an abstract with title: Demonstrating constraints to diversity with a tunably difficult problem for genetic programming, and key words: Genetic programming, Evolutionary computation, Probes, Upper bound, Problem-solving, Physics, Laboratories, Heart, Testing, Data structures. Abstract: This work introduces a tunably difficult problem for genetic programming (GP) that probes for an upper bound to the amount of heterogeneity that can be represented by a single individual. Although GP's variable-length representation would suggest that there is no upper bound, our results indicate otherwise. The results provide insight into the dynamics that occur during the course of a GP run. |
6,726 | Please write an abstract with title: Monocular Visual SLAM based on VGG Feature Point Extraction, and key words: Feature extraction, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Cameras, Visualization, Optimization, Training, Robot vision systems. Abstract: Significant progress has been made in the field of visual SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping). However, the localization accuracy of visual SLAM can be significantly reduced in low-texture and illumination-changing environments. To solve these problems, an enhanced visual SLAM algorithm based on VGG (Visual Geometry Group) network was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the VGG network for feature point extraction was incorporated into the visual odometry (VO) to achieve robust camera pose estimation. Secondly, an automatic corner annotation method was adopted to set up the training database, which could reduce the workload of data annotation. Thirdly, to make the backend optimization more suitable for the VGG based VO, the BA (bundle adjustment) optimization process was improved. Experimental results showed that, the proposed visual SLAM method outperformed the mainstream ORB-SLAM (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF SLAM) method, in terms of the number of effective feature points, the robustness of feature matching process to light changes, and the accuracy of robot pose estimation. |
6,727 | Please write an abstract with title: A Trust-Based Selection Mechanism for the Support of 6G eHealth Multimedia Services, and key words: 6G mobile communication, Performance evaluation, COVID-19, Internet of Medical Things, Turning, Data models, Electronic healthcare. Abstract: Digital health (eHealth) represents the future of the healthcare sector. Although the digitalization of services and processes related to the health sphere has been coveted for a long time, the emergency caused by COVID-19 has marked a turning point in this sense. The fifth generation (5G) network paradigms are good candidates to meet some of the current requirements of eHealth services, however, researchers are already projected towards sixth generation (6G) and are working on proposals on how breakthrough trends and technologies can improve performance in health data communication and processing. It is worth emphasizing that, in the management of such sensitive data, security and trustworthiness of devices involved in the network cannot in any way be underestimated. On the basis of these considerations, this paper proposes an innovative trust model for the selection of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices responsible for transmitting health data. The data possibly detected and transmitted by medical sensors often includes multimedia data, such as the lung sound detected on a remotely monitored patient with COVID-19. This paper also provides a collection of works of literature that propose trust-based solutions for the security of eHealth services in order to illustrate the current state of the art in which the proposed model fits. |
6,728 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comprehensive Review of State-of-the-Art Maximum Torque per Ampere Strategies for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, and key words: Temperature sensors, Torque, Temperature, Magnetic cores, Permanent magnet motors, Minimization, Saturation magnetization. Abstract: Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) have become highly favored propulsion devices due to their exceptional merits, such as high efficiency and torque density. To operate the motor and drive in an efficient region, maximum torque per ampere control has drawn a great deal of interest among loss minimization strategies. Due to the presence of high nonlinearity and sensitivity to machine parameters, MTPA control strategy requires high robustness and reliability. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the present–day technological developments related to MTPA techniques for PMSM drives. The problems associated with MTPA techniques of PMSM, such as magnetic saturation effect, cross–coupling effect, temperature effect, are systematically summarized to outline the challenges in optimal current angle searching and stator current minimization. Additionally, in terms of machine parameter dependency, the MTPA techniques of PMSM are categorized into machine parameter–dependent and machine parameter independent. Furthermore, the recent advances of MTPA techniques are assessed, and the distinctive features of different methodologies are highlighted. |
6,729 | Please write an abstract with title: Vision-Based Online Localization and Trajectory Smoothing for Fixed-Wing UAV Tracking a Moving Target, and key words: Target tracking, Trajectory, Smoothing methods, Cameras, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Task analysis. Abstract: Using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to estimate and predict the position and motion of the ground target has been widely focused on in many computer vision tasks. This work aims to address the development of a vision-based ground target localization and estimation for a fixed-wing UAV. Limited by the lightweight onboard processor, it is conflicting with the need for online onboard operation and the computing resource limitation of the platform. In this paper, we develop a practical approach to recover dynamic targets based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) for localization and locally weighted regression for trajectory smoothing. Our methods run online in real time with the only data up to the current timestep. The flight experiment results show the effective tracking and localization of the ground moving target. |
6,730 | Please write an abstract with title: To Buffer, or Not to Buffer? A Case Study on FFT Accelerators for Ultra-Low-Power Multicore Clusters, and key words: Power demand, Program processors, Multicore processing, Fast Fourier transforms, Buffer storage, Conferences, Systems architecture. Abstract: Hardware-accelerated multicore clusters have recently emerged as a viable approach to deploy advanced digital signal processing (DSP) capabilities in ultra-low-power extreme edge nodes. As a critical basic block for DSP, Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) are one of the best candidates for implementation on a dedicated accelerator core; however, their peculiar memory access patterns make direct integration of an FFT accelerator with a core cluster challenging. In this paper, we compare two different approaches for cluster-coupled FFT accelerators: one with a large internal buffer to store and shuffle partial results; and a buffer-less accelerator sharing all memory with the cluster cores. Both versions can work on complex data with 8/16/32-bit real and imaginary parts. We show that, thanks to a newly proposed scheme to reorder data access and exploit full bandwidth also for sub-word FFTs, the buffer-less accelerator can be made as fast as the buffered one at only 0.26× the area cost. We report post-layout performance and power results showing that the buffer-less accelerator can provide up to 4/2/1 butterfly/cycle performance, with an average power consumption of 4.1/5.5/6.8 mW @ 350 MHz, 0.65 V operating point in 22 nm CMOS technology, respectively for complex data with 8/16/32-bit real and imaginary part. The buffer-less accelerator is 8 × faster than an optimized multicore software implementation working on 16-bit data and compares favorably with FFT accelerators presented in the recent literature. |
6,731 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of power consumption for an ARM7-based multimedia handheld device, and key words: Energy consumption, Handheld computers, Frequency, Decoding, Clocks, Dynamic voltage scaling, Voltage control, Control systems, Digital audio players, Speech. Abstract: We have developed a multimedia handheld educational device and optimized the current consumption not only by employing several software optimization techniques but also by using dynamic clock frequency scaling scheme (DFS). Although the ARM7 CPU employed does not support operating voltage scaling, the controlling of the operating frequency helps reducing the current consumption in the idle time and results in up to 25% of power reduction in the system level. The CPU operation frequency is determined by profiling the multimedia program components, which include LZW (Lempel-Ziv Welch) image decompression, MP3 audio decoding, CELP based speech decoding, speech recognition and ADPCM. Especially, it is shown that the time for LZW decompression is proportional to the image size rather than the size of the compressed file. The CPU load becomes almost full, between 80 to 95%, after applying the DFS. |
6,732 | Please write an abstract with title: A parametric 4-4-tap wavelet and the interval of convergence, and key words: Convergence, Filters, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Mirrors, Wavelet transforms, Signal processing algorithms, Cities and towns, Digital images, Digital signal processing, Telecommunications. Abstract: The method of construction of a parametric 4-4-tap minor filter is discussed, the condition for the filter to converge to wavelet is given, together with the convergence interval of the parametric 4-4 tap filters. |
6,733 | Please write an abstract with title: QoS management in service specific label switched wireless networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Wireless networks, Wireless LAN, Quality of service, Telecommunication traffic, Multiprotocol label switching, Network servers, Bandwidth, Routing, Wide area networks. Abstract: We consider a campus environment connected using multiple WLANs and WLAN routers providing interconnection between the WLAN networks. The servers part of WLANs in a campus network provide various services to users across the network. We have extended our earlier work related to service- and session-specific labeling, path, and switching. The extension is to support service-specific QoS and this is achieved by identifying an SSP (service-specific path) tree (a collection of SSPs) rooted at the WLAN router connected to the server hosting the service. Further, the service QoS parameters are distributed across the SSP tree for network resource reservation purposes. This reserved SSP tree is used to set up bidirectional QoS supported session-specific paths. |
6,734 | Please write an abstract with title: Taormina: A LoRa-based localization scheme for smart road scenarios, and key words: Location awareness, Meters, Mechatronics, Roads, Estimation, Logic gates, Fingerprint recognition. Abstract: Accurate localization of people and assets is crucial in several application scenarios including smart roads. In this paper the Taormina localization scheme is presented which uses information collected by a LoRa network. More specifically the objective of Taormina is to accurately identify the location of a vehicle, equipped with a LoRa node, travelling along a known path which is divided into segments of length equal to or shorter than the desired accuracy. Values of the RSSI measured by the LoRa gateways are collected and used to characterize each of the above segments. The node that wants to be located periodically transmits LoRa messages. The LoRa gateways evaluate the corresponding RSSIs and use such values to identify the segment where the vehicle is currently located. Therefore, in Taormina localization is addressed as a classification problem. Early results demonstrate that Taormina can deliver the target localization accuracy with high probability. |
6,735 | Please write an abstract with title: Structure and magnetic properties of amorphous Co/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/ alloy films, and key words: Magnetic properties, Amorphous materials, Cobalt alloys, Silicon alloys, Magnetic films, Semiconductor films, Amorphous magnetic materials, Magnetic anisotropy, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Sputtering. Abstract: Summary form only given. Co/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/ alloy films have been prepared by magnetron sputtering from pure Si and Co targets in the composition range 0.50.76) the samples are polycrystalline with a mixed fcc+hcp structure, whilst for x<0.76, high angle peaks disappear in the XRD patterns, indicating the transition into an amorphous state. The magnetic properties of the samples, measured by transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect, clearly reflect this structural change. A sudden increase in the coercive field along the easy axis (H/sub C/) is observed at x=0.76. On the other hand, the anisotropy field (H/sub K/) is greatly enhanced for the amorphous films with x slightly below the transition point, whereas an isotropic behavior (H/sub K//spl ap/0) appears for the polycrystalline samples with x slightly above 0.76. |
6,736 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-Supervised Pretraining for Deep Hash-Based Image Retrieval, and key words: Training, Hash functions, Codes, Image processing, Image retrieval, Complexity theory, Task analysis. Abstract: Deep hashing aims to produce discriminative binary hash codes for fast image retrieval through a deep baseline network and additional trainable hash function. In a supervised deep hashing network, the baseline network is generally initialized with classification-based pretrained models, and the overall hashing network is trained in a supervised fashion. However, since classification and retrieval are two different tasks, it is necessary to reconsider the initial model for the baseline network. In this paper, we propose to use a self-supervised pretrained model as the baseline for the first time. We investigate the impact of pretrained model types by comparing deep hashing networks that use the baseline network with 1) randomly initialized weights, 2) conventional supervised pretrained weights, and 3) proposed self-supervised pretrained weights. As a result, we confirm that the performance of deep hashing differs depending on the initial baseline setting, and the proposed self-supervised baseline model shows comparable or better performance over the supervised one. Our code is released at https://github.com/HaeyoonYang/SSPH. |
6,737 | Please write an abstract with title: Semantic labeling of images combining color, texture and keywords, and key words: Labeling, Image retrieval, Content based retrieval, Shape, Image databases, Large-scale systems, Information retrieval, Feedback, Navigation, Visual databases. Abstract: Content-based image retrieval systems combine perceptual features such as color, texture and shape with semantic concepts for improving the quality of the query's results. In this paper, an annotation technique that combines color and texture with keywords is presented. A method based on color similarity along with a keyword mining technique is used to propagate keywords extracted from a sub-set of annotated images into a large-scale database. A method based on texture properties is applied to link keywords with regions within the images. Finally, an approach for semantic labeling of images is described. In this approach, accuracy of the annotations is estimated and the relationships among keywords are identified. The presented annotation technique is useful for labeling images with keywords construing the underlying semantic content. |
6,738 | Please write an abstract with title: BugPecker: Locating Faulty Methods with Deep Learning on Revision Graphs, and key words: Deep learning, Computer bugs, Buildings, Task analysis, Software engineering. Abstract: Given a bug report of a project, the task of locating the faults of the bug report is called fault localization. To help programmers in the fault localization process, many approaches have been proposed, and have achieved promising results to locate faulty files. However, it is still challenging to locate faulty methods, because many methods are short and do not have sufficient details to determine whether they are faulty. In this paper, we present BugPecker, a novel approach to locate faulty methods based on its deep learning on revision graphs. Its key idea includes (1) building revision graphs and capturing the details of past fixes as much as possible, and (2) discovering relations inside our revision graphs to expand the details for methods and calculating various features to assist our ranking. We have implemented BugPecker, and evaluated it on three open source projects. The early results show that BugPecker achieves a mean average precision (MAP) of 0.263 and mean reciprocal rank (MRR) of 0.291, which improve the prior approaches significantly. For example, BugPecker improves the MAP values of all three projects by five times, compared with two recent approaches such as DNNLoc-m and BLIA 1.5. |
6,739 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of images of radiation due to plasma-limiter interaction, and key words: Image analysis, Cameras, Pixel, Bolometers, Plasma temperature, Plasma devices, Plasma measurements, Plasma diagnostics, Infrared imaging, Optical imaging. Abstract: Images of radiation due to plasma interaction with radiation due to plasma-limiter interaction limiting surfaces in the Large Helical Device are presented with an explanation of the diagnostic and the data analysis technique. The images are made using an 10/spl times/14 pixel infrared imaging video bolometer with a 15-Hz frame rate and a sensitivity of 0.5 mW/cm/sup 2/. Data from experiments using a wall limiter and an insertable limiter show the localization of the radiation source near the limiting surface. |
6,740 | Please write an abstract with title: Mathematical models of electromagnetic wave scattering by two-element strip grating with a perpendicularly magnetized gyrotropic medium, and key words: Mathematical model, Electromagnetic scattering, Strips, Gratings, Gyrotropism, Magnetic analysis, Electromagnetic wave polarization, Boundary value problems, Integral equations, Kernel. Abstract: Two mathematical models are proposed for analyzing a linearly polarized plane wave scattering by a strip grating placed on isotropic-gyrotropic media interface in the case of oblique incidence. The first mathematical model is based on reducing the original boundary value problem to the Riemann-Hilbert problem. The second model is based on reducing the same problem to a singular integral equation of the first kind with a Cauchy kernel and its numerical solution by the discrete singularities method. |
6,741 | Please write an abstract with title: Advance BLDC Motor Drive Control for Electric Vehicles, and key words: Motor drives, Electric potential, Proportional control, Control design, Commutation, Velocity control, Process control. Abstract: Various electric motors have been used as the propulsion system of electric vehicles. This paper proposed advanced BLDC motor drive control with the principle of digital PWM which treats the motor like a digital system. The digital PWM control sets six gate switches on the inverter and selects variations of high duty, low duty, or skip state based on the speed error and the actual motor current. In addition, a proportional control provides a reference current limit. All processes of commuting and generating digital PWM are integrated into the driver. The digital PWM with proportional control can eliminate the process disturbance signal, give a good response, and has a good settling time, it has the potential to be integrated into a motor driver. The BLDC motor drive control with the principle of digital PWM implemented for electric vehicles. |
6,742 | Please write an abstract with title: Handling Outliers by Robust M-Estimation in Blind Image Deblurring, and key words: Kernel, Deconvolution, Image restoration, Robustness, Estimation, Shape, Cameras. Abstract: The major task of traditional motion deblurring methods is to estimate the blur kernel and restore the latent image. In low-light conditions, the pointolite is likely to produce saturated light streaks in captured blurred images. The light streaks are usually double-edged swords—outliers to the deconvolution, but a cue to kernel estimation. In this paper, we propose a novel blind motion deblurring method for blurred images including light streaks. The main idea is to model the non-linear blur caused by outliers as the Huber's M-estimation in blind deconvolution and take the shape of the light streak as a cue to estimate the blur kernel. Specifically, the optimal light streak patch is selected automatically according to the characteristics of light streaks and the blur kernel. This simple yet effective selection strategy solves the problems of false detection of candidate light streaks and optimal light streak in existing methods. Then, the optimal light streak patch is parameterized as a prior and is combined with other regularizers to estimate the blur kernel. Compared with the state-of-the-art kernel estimation methods, the proposed algorithm reduces the influence of outliers on deconvolution and utilizes more information. Thus, the restored image is more accurate. Experimental results on both synthetic and real images demonstrate the high accuracy of our algorithm. |
6,743 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Feasibility of Using Inverse Scattering to Optimize the Design of EBG Devices, and key words: Photonic crystals, Electromagnetics. Abstract: In this contribution the possibility to improve the performance of EBG devices through the exploitation of inverse design strategies is investigated. The Scattering Matrix Method is adopted as design tool and the usefulness of the proposed approach is assessed in case of a 2D EBG waveguide. |
6,744 | Please write an abstract with title: Caching Support for CHFS Node-local Persistent Memory File System, and key words: Distributed processing, File systems, System performance, Conferences, Semantics, Bandwidth, Metadata. Abstract: In this study, we designed a caching parallel file system for node-local persistent memory. The caching parallel file system improves access performance to the backend parallel file system in a way transparent to users. Although existing caching parallel file systems succeed in improving bandwidth, the performance of metadata is limited by that of the backend parallel file system. Based on the CHFS ad hoc parallel and distributed file system, our system maintains the high metadata performance of CHFS by relaxing the consistency with the backend system in easy-to-understand semantics. Upon implementation, our system's performance was evaluated using the IO500 benchmark, and was found to exhibit almost identical performance to that of the original CHFS. This shows that it is possible to realize a caching parallel file system without sacrificing metadata performance. |
6,745 | Please write an abstract with title: Genetically enhanced TTCM assisted MMSE multi-user detection for SDMA-OFDM, and key words: Multiuser detection, Multiaccess communication, OFDM, Forward error correction, Maximum likelihood detection, Computational efficiency, Computational complexity, Costs, Performance loss, Modulation coding. Abstract: Space division multiple access (SDMA) aided orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems assisted by efficient multi-user detection (MUD) techniques have recently attracted intensive research interests. The maximum likelihood detection (MLD) arrangement was found to attain the best performance, although this was achieved at the cost of computational complexity, which increases exponentially both with the number of users and with the number of bits per symbol transmitted by higher-order modulation schemes. By contrast, minimum mean-square error (MMSE) SDMA-MUD exhibits a lower complexity at the cost of performance loss. Forward error correction (FEC) schemes, such as turbo trellis coded modulation (TTCM) may be efficiently amalgamated with SDMA-OFDM systems for the sake of improving the achievable performance. Genetic algorithm (GA) based multi-user detection techniques have been shown to provide a good performance in MUD-aided code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. A GA-aided MMSE MUD is proposed for use in a TTCM-assisted SDMA-OFDM system, which is capable of achieving a similar performance to that attained by its MLD-aided counterpart at a significantly lower complexity, especially at high user loads. |
6,746 | Please write an abstract with title: Space-time block coding with hybrid transmit antenna/code selection, and key words: Block codes, Transmitting antennas, Transmitters, Antenna feeds, Fading, Radio frequency, Maximum likelihood decoding, Feedback, Costs, Delay. Abstract: Assuming that a feedback channel is available and the fading coefficients are known at the transmitter, Gore and Paulraj (2002) have proposed a transmit antenna selection scheme that uses the Alamouti code with the best pair of antennas, selected from m /spl ges/ 3 transmit antennas available, where the selection criterion is to minimize the instantaneous probability of error. They have showed that a diversity order of m is achieved, as if all the m antennas were used. The advantage is that only two RF chains are required, reducing the transmitter cost. In this paper, full-rate, non-orthogonal space-time block codes are produced by repeating and permuting columns of the Alamouti code matrix. These codes need only two RF chains, have decoding delay equal to two, and their maximum likelihood decoders based on linear processing are essentially the same as that of the Alamouti code. Based on the instantaneous fading coefficients, the transmitter selects either one of the proposed codes with three antennas or the Alamouti code with two antennas. Simulations results for a simple case indicate that full diversity is achieved in spite of using non-orthogonal codes, and a coding gain of up to 1 dB over Gore and Paulraj's scheme is observed. |
6,747 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning for Breast Cancer Classification of Deep Ultraviolet Fluorescence Images toward Intra-Operative Margin Assessment, and key words: Deep learning, Pathology, Transfer learning, Surgery, Fluorescence, Feature extraction, Breast cancer. Abstract: Breast conserving surgery aims at the complete removal of malignant lesions while minimizing healthy tissue loss. To ensure the balance between complete resection of the cancer and conservation of healthy tissue, intra-operative margin assessment is necessary. Deep ultraviolet (DUV) fluorescence scanning microscope provides fast whole-surface-imaging (WSI) of excised tissue with contrast between malignant and normal tissues. Then, an automated breast cancer classification method on DUV images is required for intra-operative margin assessment. Deep learning shows the promising results in breast cancer classification, but limited DUV image dataset poses overfitting challenge to train the robust network. To tackle this challenge, we partition the DUV WSI image into small patches and extract pathological features for each patch from a pre-trained network using a transfer learning approach. We feed pathological features into a decision-tree-based classifier and fuse patch-level classification results based on regional importance to determine malignant or benign WSI. Experimental results on 60 DUV images show that our proposed method outperforms the standard deep learning classification in terms of improving the classification performance and identifying cancerous regions. |
6,748 | Please write an abstract with title: A Method for Determining Periodically Time-Varying Bias and Its Applications in Acoustic Feedback Cancellation, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Correlation, Audio systems, Adaptive filters, Acoustic measurements, Acoustics, Decorrelation. Abstract: Adaptive filters have been widely used for feedback cancellation in audio systems including hearing aids. In addition to adaptive filters, the frequency shifting has often been used to obtain an unbiased estimation of the adaptive filters, by decorrelating the incoming and outgoing signals of the audio system. However, it has been shown in a recent study, that although the frequency shifting technique is effective in decorrelating the signals, its use in addition to the adaptive filter would introduce an additional and signal dependent periodically time-varying bias also referred to as the residual bias, especially for tonal signals such as music. In this work, we make use of that knowledge and propose a method to detect different acoustic situations, based on the level of residual bias. We further discuss on some control actions to be taken in acoustic feedback cancellation systems upon these detections. Finally, we demonstrate the behavior of the residual bias and the detection of different acoustic feedback situations in an example computer simulation. |
6,749 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of User Models Based on GMM-UBM and I-Vectors for Speech, Handwriting, and Gait Assessment of Parkinson’s Disease Patients, and key words: Legged locomotion, Biological system modeling, Training data, Signal processing, Feature extraction, Speech processing, Diseases. Abstract: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of different motor impairments. Information from speech, handwriting, and gait signals have been considered to evaluate the neurological state of the patients. On the other hand, user models based on Gaussian mixture models - universal background models (GMMUBM) and i-vectors are considered the state-of-the-art in biometric applications like speaker verification because they are able to model specific speaker traits. This study introduces the use of GMM-UBM and i-vectors to evaluate the neurological state of Parkinson's patients using information from speech, handwriting, and gait. The results show the importance of different feature sets from each type of signal in the assessment of the neurological state of the patients. |
6,750 | Please write an abstract with title: Direct digital synthesizer clock frequency versus temperature dependency compensation using two look-up tables, and key words: Clocks, Frequency synthesizers, Temperature dependence, Temperature sensors, Temperature distribution, Programmable logic arrays, Signal synthesis, Oscillators, Field programmable gate arrays, Programmable logic devices. Abstract: The paper describes a novel approach of static frequency vs. temperature dependency compensation of a direct digital frequency synthesizer clock signal. The compensation significantly reduces the frequency vs. temperature dependency of synthesized signals over a wide range of operating temperatures. The clock signal, which samples the direct digital frequency synthesizer, is excited by a dual-mode crystal oscillator. Since the crystal self-thermometry is used, temperature information is obtained directly from the crystal itself rather than from an external sensor and temperature offset and lag effects are eliminated. The designed compensation module can be implemented effectively within many popular field programmable gate arrays or programmable logic devices available today, e.g. using any Spartan-II family device (Xilinx, Inc.). |
6,751 | Please write an abstract with title: Reproduction of a High Impedance Double line-to-ground Fault Using Real Oscillography Data, and key words: Computational modeling, Conferences, Impedance, Current measurement, Surges, Surface impedance, Substations. Abstract: This paper presents the reproduction of an actual high impedance fault (HIF) event of type double line-to-ground using real oscillography data and ATP-EMTP software. The event occured in an overhead distribution system connected to substation Salinópolis 13.8 kV, after two cabes broke and touched a soil contact surface. The reproduction method of the mentioned event is based on simple calculation of fault currents from neutral current measurements to generate the V × I curve used in the HIF model. The results show that current signals obtained from simulation match the current measurements, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
6,752 | Please write an abstract with title: What is Bluetooth?, and key words: Personal communication networks. Abstract: Bluetooth is a standard for short range, low power, and low cost wireless communication that uses radio technology. Over 2100 companies around the world already support Bluetooth technology. The wireless personal area network (WPAN) technology, based on the Bluetooth specification, is now an IEEE standard under the denomination of 802.15 WPANs. This work presents an overview about the Bluetooth communication . Bluetooth wireless technology encompasses several key points that facilitate its widespread adoption: 1) it is an open specification that is publicly available and royalty free; 2) its short-range wireless capability allows peripheral devices to communicate over a single air-interface, replacing the cables that use connectors with a multitude of shapes, sizes and numbers of pins; 3) Bluetooth supports both voice and data, making it an ideal technology to enable many types of devices to communicate; and 4) Bluetooth uses an unregulated frequency band available anywhere in the world.. To fully realize the Bluetooth vision, full networking of multiple Bluetooth devices is required. This leads to the investigation of Bluetooth scatternets, which must address scatternet formation and reconfiguration, scheduling, and routing issues. |
6,753 | Please write an abstract with title: Proposed Security Measures for Code Injection for CubeSats, and key words: Codes, Satellites, Protocols, Authentication, Passwords, Malware, Security. Abstract: Sometimes we have the need to inject new services in an operational satellite, but as the injection of new codes in equipment that has communication link is a critical process due to the possibility of injection of broke or malicious codes, this document proposes a protocol for the safe injection of code in satellite microcontrollers of the CubeSat’ type. This protocol is based on the use of HMAC with SHA-3 to guarantee integrity and authenticity and is enhanced by the same security measures to mitigate communication link problems and satellite attacks, such as the guarantee of delivery and displacement between communication windows and periods of high processing. |
6,754 | Please write an abstract with title: Oceanic Aeronautical Satellite Systems, and key words: Satellites, Air traffic control, Space technology, FAA, Marine technology, Standardization, Sawing machines, Finite impulse response filter, Aircraft, Paper technology. Abstract: This paper provides a summary of the oceanic air traffic control problems and a description of the use of satellite technology that offers solutions to some of the problems. An outline of the current experimentation and evaluation programs is discussed together with the possible use of an international program for a dedicated aeronautical satellite system. Included is a brief system description of the proposed technical requirements for this system. |
6,755 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards a Blockchain Weather Derivative Financial Instrument for Hedging Volumetric Risks of Solar Power Producers, and key words: Measurement, Instruments, Smart contracts, Blockchains, Solar radiation, Indexes, Meteorology. Abstract: The weather-dependent nature of solar power makes Solar Power Producers susceptible to the unpredictability of sunshine. Temperature-based weather derivatives have recently emerged as an effective volumetric risk cross-hedge for Solar Power Producers, given that temperature positively correlates with solar radiation. Temperature-based put and call options, mostly traded on organized exchanges, require users to pay premiums that are costly and difficult to price. Swap contracts can serve as an economical alternative since they do not require premiums. However, they are only traded over-the-counter and are thus illiquid and liable to counterparty credit risks. For these reasons, a novel blockchain temperature-based weather derivative swap marketplace is proposed that mitigates the risks inherent in traditional swap contracts. The payoff structure and governing mechanisms of the smart contract that underpins this instrument are also developed. A preliminary investigation of this new financial instrument shows its efficacy in hedging volumetric risks of Solar Power Producers. |
6,756 | Please write an abstract with title: Light Ad Hoc Network: A Solution to Hidden Terminal Problem, and key words: Wireless communication, Integrated optics, Physical layer, Media Access Protocol, Ad hoc networks, Optical network units, Routing protocols. Abstract: Light ad hoc network is a newly developing system structure in ad hoc network compared with radio frequency (RF) based ad hoc networks. Due to its unique characteristic in physical layer, LANET is a special plan that deploy networks in both sparse and dense situation. In ad hoc networks, most of the study focus on the medium access control (MAC) protocols and routing protocols. In this work, we pay attention to the physical layer, which use optical wireless communication to overcome the challenges in ad hoc network. Therefore, we offer LANET as a solution to hidden terminal problem. |
6,757 | Please write an abstract with title: Constructive controllability algorithms for motion planning and optimization, and key words: Controllability, Optimal control, Context modeling, Power system planning, Control systems, Iterative algorithms, Polynomials, Medical robotics, Robotics and automation, Manufacturing automation. Abstract: Presents algorithms for planning feasible and minimum energy paths. The algorithms rely on series expansions to characterize planning problems for polynomial control systems. The resulting inversion problem is solved through an iterative contraction or a power series inversion. While the design methodology is general, our focus is on a class of polynomial control systems for which we provide explicit convergence guarantees. We demonstrate performance and numerical characteristics using one dimensional and six dimensional systems. |
6,758 | Please write an abstract with title: Quadrature phase shift keying direct sequence-spread spectrum code division multiple access with disparate quadrature chip and data rates, and key words: Quadrature phase shift keying, Multiaccess communication, AWGN, Spread spectrum communication, Gaussian noise, Bit rate, Interference, Performance gain, Fading, Analytical models. Abstract: This research examines the performance of a QPSK DS-CDMA system with disparate chip and data rates (thus different processing gains) on the two quadrature channels for synchronous and asynchronous transmission using both orthogonal and random codes. In a CDMA setting, we investigate the effect on performance of unequal user signal energies and a variable number of interfering system users, in both AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels. With this disparate scheme we also obtain a moderate amount of shaping of the transmitted signal power spectrum. Our results show excellent agreement between analysis and simulations, and illustrate the additional degree of flexibility our disparate chip/data rate system provides. |
6,759 | Please write an abstract with title: Vehicular Localization Based on CSI-Fingerprint and Vector Match, and key words: OFDM, Road traffic, Global Positioning System, Signal processing algorithms, Computer architecture, Wireless communication, Location awareness. Abstract: In order to design a fast and accurate short-distance localization system to supplement the gap of Global Position System (GPS) in a toll station, in this paper, an IEEE 802.11p module driver is modified to provide channel state information (CSI), and the signal processing techniques are leveraged in both time-domain and frequency-domain to mitigate multi-path effect. An effective CSI vector provided by a roadside unit (RSU) transceiver (RX) array is treated as the fingerprint of a transmitting spot, the spatial diversities of the multiple antennas are leveraged to highlight its position feature. The position similarity degree of a reference point with regard to the measured vehicle position is proposed and treated as weight to calculate vehicle coordinate, the low variability of CSI-fingerprint is alleviated. A filter is designed to cut off the dataset of remote reference points in localization algorithm, traffic noises are reduced. Finally, the accuracy and performance are verified in enforcement, autopilot and navigation applications. The effects of grid size, speed, traffic and weather are evaluated. |
6,760 | Please write an abstract with title: SLCAO: an effective system level communication architectures optimization methodology for system-on- chips, and key words: Optimization methods, System-on-a-chip, Computer architecture, System performance, Hardware, Character generation, Cost function, Performance analysis, Delay systems, Control system synthesis. Abstract: This paper proposes an effective system level communication architectures optimization (SLCAO) methodology to optimize the on-chip communication architectures (OCAs). SLCAO methodology divides the OCAs architecting into two steps: OCAs generation and OCAs optimization, and presents some valid bus mergence strategies to enhance the system performance and decrease the system cost from hierarchical buses through the analysis of the bus load. The methodology takes into account two categories of delay models, system delay model and PE-PE delay model, to evaluate the system performance and control the optimization process. The effectiveness of SLCAO methodology is illustrated by the 10-PEs example. |
6,761 | Please write an abstract with title: Stability Analysis for Delayed Neural Networks Based on A Sufficient and Necessary Condition on Polynomial Inequalities, and key words: Industrial electronics, Sufficient conditions, Conferences, Stability criteria, Neural networks, Delays, Linear matrix inequalities. Abstract: This paper presents an improved stability condition for neural networks with a time-varying delay. In the derivative of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF), the non-convex polynomials in the time-varying delay may appear and result in the difficulties for making the derivative of LKF negative-definite. This paper utilizes a negativity-determination method reported recently to handle the non-convex time-varying delay polynomials. The employed method presents necessary and sufficient negativity condition for polynomials. The application of this negativity-determination method to neural networks with a time-varying delay leads to a less conservative stability criterion, which is illustrated with an example. |
6,762 | Please write an abstract with title: CZTSe Kesterite Solar Cell: The Impact of Defects on Loss Mechanisms, and key words: Integrated optics, Electron traps, Power measurement, Photonic band gap, Photovoltaic cells, Radiative recombination, Power conversion. Abstract: Kesterite copper-zinc-tin-selenide (CZTSe) crystal has been extensively studied as an absorber material in solar cells in order to achieve tera-watt power generation. It has excellent optical parameters, adjustable band gap varying from 1.0 to 1.5 eV and high absorption coefficient. These excellent properties of the material bring a new ray of hope in future generation thin film solar cell. Here, elaborated physics of trap and defect density in kesterite absorber material is explored. The effect of traps and in-house defects on performance and carrier dynamics of solar cell is also focused. Finally, the power conversion efficiency and performance measuring parameters are discussed. |
6,763 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Anti-swing and Over Elongation Detection Device of Elevator Compensating Chain, and key words: Conferences, Switches, Control systems, Elevators, Safety, Automobiles, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: The swing and over elongation of the compensating chain will affect the safe operation of the elevator. In order to solve this problem, this paper studies a detection device for anti-swing and over elongation of elevator compensation chain. It can effectively prevent the swing of the compensating chain when the elevator is running. At the same time, it can detect the elongation of compensating chain. To prevent the compensating chain swing and over elongation resulting in falling, breaking and other risks and to eliminate the hidden danger of the elevator. The elevators are running abnormal noise, shaking of the car and other condition. It is mainly caused by compensating chain elongation and large swing after elongation. Therefore, in view of the above situation, it is very necessary to study the detection device of the elevator compensating chain anti-swing and over elongation. |
6,764 | Please write an abstract with title: Iterative ML estimation for frequency offset and time synchronization in OFDM systems, and key words: Frequency estimation, Maximum likelihood estimation, Frequency synchronization, OFDM modulation, Wireless communication, Iterative algorithms, Signal processing algorithms, Discrete Fourier transforms, Redundancy, Iterative methods. Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique has become attractive and important in both wireline and wireless communications. One of the well-known problems in OFDM systems is its vulnerability to frequency and time offset. This paper develops an iterative maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation algorithm for correction of both frequency and time offset in OFDM systems. Because of the complicated characteristics of log-likelihood function, not every chosen initial point for iteration procedure can always converge to the values resulting in acquisition of the global maximum of log-likelihood function. This implies that some of the selected initial points can only converge to the values which yield local maxima of log-likelihood function. According to the proposed iterative approaching algorithm, the global maximum of log-likelihood function can be definitely found to achieve both frequency and time synchronization. In addition, the seeking time for this global maximum in the iteration procedure can be reduced and evaluated. |
6,765 | Please write an abstract with title: A Deep Learning-Based Framework for Parameters Calibration of Power Plant Models Using Event Playback Approach, and key words: Mathematical models, Calibration, Generators, Reliability, Power system reliability, Phasor measurement units, Power generation. Abstract: Accurate and reliable calibration of power plant models in the power system is crucial for maintaining grid stability and preventing power outages. This becomes even more crucial as the power grids become more dynamic and stochastic with the ever-increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, mid-size generators, smart loads, and energy storage. Current practice such as staged-test is costly and time-consuming. Alternatively, recent PMU-based approaches using online measurements without interfering with generators operation have been introduced to provide a scalable and low-cost to meet North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) standards. This research paper proposes a PMU-based framework to validate and calibrate model parameters by a new iterative deep learning approach. The results show that the proposed approach can accurately calibrate power plantmodels from a single disturbance event without the urgent need of prior knowledge of the model’s initial parameters. The proposed method has been validated on real-world and simulated scenarios on a relatively large number of calibrated parameters with an average error of 1.43%. |
6,766 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiple importance sampling for first- and second-order polarization-mode dispersion, and key words: Monte Carlo methods, Polarization mode dispersion, Frequency, Birefringence, Probability distribution, Optical fiber polarization, Ultraviolet sources, Equations, Sampling methods, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: A simulation method that targets all possible combinations of first- and second-order polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) is described. Use of this method in importance-sampled Monte Carlo simulations yields a more comprehensive determination of PMD-induced system penalties than first-order biasing alone and significantly speeds up the calculation of outage probabilities, particularly when PMD compensation is employed. The technique is demonstrated by using it to calculate the probability distribution function (pdf) of second-order PMD and the joint pdf of the magnitude of first- and second-order PMD. |
6,767 | Please write an abstract with title: UAV Standoff Tracking for Narrow-Area Target in Complex Environment, and key words: Target tracking, Mathematical model, Convergence, State estimation, Turning, Task analysis, Stability analysis. Abstract: This article studies the path planning for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) standoff tracking a narrow-area target in complex environment. Since the target state estimation considerably influences the target tracking performance, the constrained interacting multiple model, which uses the geographic information of narrow-areas to enhance the estimation accuracy, is proposed. Then, based on the obtained estimation results, the dynamic Lyapunov guidance vector field (DLGVF) is proposed, which can guide UAVs to converge to not only the expected standoff distance in the horizontal plane but also the desired height in the vertical plane. Moreover, the DLGVF renders the UAV trajectories flexible and shortens the convergence time by skillfully introducing adjustment parameters. Finally, to simultaneously complete the missions of target tracking and obstacle avoidance, an integrated method based on the DLGVF and the interfered fluid dynamical system is presented. Simulations are implemented to demonstrate that the proposed framework is effective. |
6,768 | Please write an abstract with title: Meta-ViterbiNet: Online Meta-Learned Viterbi Equalization for Non-Stationary Channels, and key words: Training, Adaptation models, Recurrent neural networks, Viterbi algorithm, Conferences, Receivers, Detectors. Abstract: Deep neural networks (DNNs) based digital receivers can potentially operate in complex environments. How-ever, the dynamic nature of communication channels implies that in some scenarios, DNN-based receivers should be periodically retrained in order to track temporal variations in the channel conditions. To this aim, frequent transmissions of lengthy pilot sequences are generally required, at the cost of substantial overhead. In this work we propose a DNN-aided symbol detector, Meta-ViterbiNet, that tracks channel variations with reduced overhead by integrating three complementary techniques: 1) We leverage domain knowledge to implement a model-based/data-driven equalizer, ViterbiNet, that operates with a relatively small number of trainable parameters; 2) We tailor a meta-learning procedure to the symbol detection problem, optimizing the hyperparameters of the learning algorithm to facilitate rapid online adaptation; and 3) We enable online training with short-length pilot blocks and coded data blocks. Numerical results demonstrate that Meta-ViterbiNet operates accurately in rapidly-varying channels, outperforming the previous best approach, based on ViterbiNet or conventional recurrent neural networks without meta-learning, by a margin of up to 0.6dB in bit error rate in various challenging scenarios. |
6,769 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Characteristics of the Helium Refrigeration System of HL-2M Tokamak, and key words: Helium, Heating systems, Valves, Refrigerators, Nitrogen, Superconducting magnets, Tokamak devices. Abstract: HL-2M, a new generation of tokamak, has been built continuously in 2020 in Southwestern Institute of Physics, China National Nuclear Corporation, and the first plasma discharge was successfully achieved in 12th, Dec. This tokamak experiment device has high design parameters, and its maximum operating current reaches 3 MA. As a satellite device of ITER, it aims to explore and solve the severe physical and engineering problems. Cryogenic system is an auxiliary system of HL-2M, which mainly meets the stable operation of cryopumps and superconducting magnets. The refrigeration capacity under the condition of Liquid Nitrogen Precooling will up to 500W@4.5K, the liquefaction rate is 160L/h. In this report, we present the main characteristic parameters of the refrigeration system. At present, the system has completed the field assembly, and is expected to start commissioning in June 2021. |
6,770 | Please write an abstract with title: The six-phase twisted-ring counter circuit, and key words: Counting circuits, Clocks, Circuit testing, Logic testing, Ring oscillators, Very large scale integration, Automatic testing, Built-in self-test, Frequency, Circuit analysis. Abstract: The behavior of the Six-Phase Twisted-Ring Counter (6P-TRC) circuit is analyzed. The circuit demultiplexes the input signal into six individual phased clock signals that exercise a phase difference equal to the half period of the clock. A tree-like structure is built by applying the phased outputs of the circuit to the clock inputs of six replicas of the circuit in order to extend its behavior. The EXOR6 gate is used to define a mirroring structure attached to the 6P-TRC structure such that a primitive/expanded counter configuration is formed. A fundamental concept being described by the transposition mechanism of the EXOR operator is incorporated to the above configuration such that the phase association of interconnecting signals is preserved. |
6,771 | Please write an abstract with title: Demonstration of Cloud-Based Streaming Telemetry Processing for Optical Network Monitoring, and key words: Visual analytics, Diversity reception, Europe, Machine learning, Optical fiber networks, Network security, Real-time systems. Abstract: We present a demonstration of the processing of streaming telemetry data from an optical network and machine-learning based video analytics on a cloud-based stream-processing platform. Real-time processing enhances network security and reliability by combining information from diverse sources. |
6,772 | Please write an abstract with title: Convergence analysis of LMS and NLMS adaptive algorithms, and key words: Convergence, Algorithm design and analysis, Least squares approximation, Adaptive algorithm, Recursive estimation, Adaptive filters, Random processes, Equations, Covariance matrix, Signal processing. Abstract: The main contribution of this paper is the unified treatment of convergence analysis for both LMS and NLMS adaptive algorithms. The following new results are obtained: (i) necessary and sufficient conditions of convergence, (ii) optimal adjustment gains and optimal convergence rates, (iii) interrelationship between LMS and NLMS gains, and (iv) non-stationary algorithm design. |
6,773 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of interictal and ictal scalp EEG signals with the Hilbert transform, and key words: Scalp, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, Frequency estimation, Brain, Amplitude estimation, Phase estimation, Frequency synchronization, Evolution (biology), Time measurement. Abstract: The present paper reports on the application of the Hilbert transform to biological time series of the brain electrical activity of epilepsy patients. The Hilbert transform will be used to estimate the instantaneous frequency, the instantaneous amplitude and the phase synchronization of scalp EEG recordings. As a fourth measure derived from the Hilbert transform we will define a measure of rhythmicity. The purpose of this paper is to combine the time evolution of these four measures to come to a characterization of the dynamics present in, and between, different EEG channels. By applying these measures to scalp EEG recordings of patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy we will show that they are useful for off-line analysis of large amounts of EEG data. Because all these measures are derived from the fast Hilbert transform it is also possible to use them as an analysis tool for online monitoring. |
6,774 | Please write an abstract with title: Rotating permanent magnetic fields exposure system for in vitro study, and key words: Magnetic fields, In vitro, Magnetic flux, Superconducting magnets, Coils, Frequency, Magnetic devices, Magnetic flux density, Permanent magnets, Permanent magnet motors. Abstract: For the bioeffect study of the rotating magnetic fields, a permanent magnet of two layer magic rings driven by a motor was designed to produce a rotating magnetic field with tunable frequency (0-10 Hz) and tunable magnetic flux density (4-300 mT). In the design a simple 3D computing method was adopted to do the optimization. The actual results proved the efficiency of the method. The finished magnet fully satisfied the requirements of the bioelectromagnetic study. |
6,775 | Please write an abstract with title: Computational Dosimetry at Low Frequencies: Recent Progress and Open Issues, and key words: Uncertainty, Limiting, Electromagnetic compatibility, Dosimetry, Frequency measurement, Electric fields, Standards. Abstract: At frequencies lower than 10 MHz, international guidelines and standards use the electric field induced in the body as the measure for limiting human exposure to electromagnetic fields. In case of realistic exposure scenarios, the induced electric field can only be estimated using computational methods and anatomically realistic body models. Computational dosimetry is affected by various sources of uncertainty, which have been actively studied in recent years to strengthen the scientific basis of human exposure guidelines/standards. This paper reviews the progress in low frequency computational dosimetry research since 2016 and highlights some issues that need further investigation. |
6,776 | Please write an abstract with title: Innovative Deep Learning-based Video Editing Tool, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Lips, Superresolution, Speech recognition, Generators, Synchronization. Abstract: Deep learning has acted as the main driver of emerging technologies. Recently, it has been used more frequently to aid in the video editing process to save time. Normally it would take a human editor hour or even days and weeks to edit the video footage, while artificial intelligence (AI) could perform the task in relatively less time. To get the most advantage of the evolving technologies, we use in this work a combination of state-of-the-art deep learning models to make editing videos as easy as editing text. The video will be transcribed to editable text to allow deleting any undesired parts, in which the equivalent part in the video will be automatically removed. Similarly, adding parts to the script will generate the equivalent part in the video considering the speaker's voice and lip movement. Achieving those required functionalities, three main deep learning models are required: (i) Speech recognition model to generate the video script, (ii) Text to speech model with speaker encoder to generate the added parts with the voice of the speaker, and (iii) A lip movement generator model takes the speaker's image and syncs the lips with the added script. In this work, we focus on presenting the first two models. |
6,777 | Please write an abstract with title: Leveraging Machine Learning to Detect Data Curation Activities, and key words: Measurement, Conferences, Computational modeling, Text categorization, Social sciences, Decision making, Project management. Abstract: This paper describes a machine learning approach for annotating and analyzing data curation work logs at ICPSR, a large social sciences data archive. The systems we studied track curation work and coordinate team decision-making at ICPSR. Archive staff use these systems to organize, prioritize, and document curation work done on datasets, making them promising resources for studying curation work and its impact on data reuse, especially in combination with data usage analytics. A key challenge, however, is classifying similar activities so that they can be measured and associated with impact metrics. This paper contributes: 1) a set of data curation activities; 2) a computational model for identifying curation actions in work log descriptions; and 3) an analysis of frequent data curation activities at ICPSR over time. We first propose a set of data curation actions to help us analyze the impact of curation work. We then use this set to annotate a set of data curation logs, which contain records of data transformations and project management decisions completed by archive staff. Finally, we train a text classifier to detect the frequency of curation actions in a large set of work logs. Our approach supports the analysis of curation work documented in work log systems as an important step toward studying the relationship between research data curation and data reuse. |
6,778 | Please write an abstract with title: Neighbourhood Based Bi-Level Contrast Adjustment for Underwater Image Enhancement Using Modified Particle Swarm Optimization, and key words: Image quality, Histograms, PSNR, Particle measurements, Noise measurement, Particle swarm optimization, Image enhancement. Abstract: This paper presents a neighbourhood based bi-level contrast adjustment algorithm for underwater image enhancement. In this algorithm, at the outset, the histogram of the images is divided into two equal parts. A Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) is introduced in the proposed algorithm to find two different points in each part of the histogram such that each part of the histogram can be separately stretched on the basis of these points. The quality of the output images (enhanced images) is visually and quantitatively judged with reference to the best fitness, mean fitness, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Underwater Image Quality Measure (UIQM), average PSNR and average UIQM values of all test images and Friedman test. The acquired results proves that there is a substantial improvement of the proposed algorithm compared to others. |
6,779 | Please write an abstract with title: Detecting Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in Internet of Things Networks Using Machine Learning in Fog Computing, and key words: Support vector machines, Machine learning algorithms, Euclidean distance, Denial-of-service attack, Real-time systems, Entropy, Internet of Things. Abstract: The number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the data produced by these devices have increased dramatically in recent years. IoT networks have benefited from the arrival of 5G, which aims to link more devices quickly and reliably. However, many of these devices are unsecured, leaving the Internet open to assault. Since IoT devices are resource-restricted, attackers may simply mount a larger and more complex DDoS assault using IoT devices. Entropy-based detection is technique proposed by other researchers, and it has a high sensitivity and a good degree of reliability. In this paper, authors propose an entropy-based framework with the machine learning algorithms to optimize the detection result. The proposed system consists of three parts: the first part is to create a sliding time window to calculate the entropy, and the second is using the Euclidean distance to make early detection possible during the DDoS but not after the collapse. The third part is the use of machine learning algorithms (KNN and SVM), to improve the accuracy of the results in early detection. The results showed that the proposed system is able to increase the accuracy from 98.6% to 100%, and efficiently detect attacks in real-time for (ICMP, TCP, UDP, HTTP and DNS) DDoS attacks. |
6,780 | Please write an abstract with title: F3: Machine Learning Processors: From High Performance Applications to Architectures and Benchmarking, and key words: Machine learning, Computer architecture, Program processors, Hardware, Training, Benchmark testing. Abstract: Provides an abstract of the tutorial presentation and may include a brief professional biography of the presenter. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. |
6,781 | Please write an abstract with title: Maximum likelihood estimation of noisy Gaussian Markov random fields, and key words: Maximum likelihood estimation, Gaussian noise, Markov random fields, Parameter estimation, Lattices, Boundary conditions, Signal processing, Additive noise, Image sequence analysis, Image texture analysis. Abstract: In this paper we consider the issues involved in signal extraction and parameter estimation of particular spatial and spatio temporal processes observed with additive Gaussian noise. Within spatial statistics, we discuss maximum likelihood estimation of noisy auto-Gaussian models. For large lattices the estimation method can be computationally demanding thus, we present a maximum likelihood estimator which can be computed in O(n/sup 2/) steps. Spatio temporal processes are of main interest and parameter estimation of the STARG+Noise model class is also considered. The statistical properties of the proposed maximum likelihood estimator are finally explored in a simulation study. |
6,782 | Please write an abstract with title: Sparse-Promoting 3-D Airborne Electromagnetic Inversion Based on Shearlet Transform, and key words: Wavelet transforms, Frequency-domain analysis, Data models, Solid modeling, Geology, Computational modeling, Atmospheric modeling. Abstract: The conventional, L2-norm-based, regularization term in electromagnetic (EM) inversions implements smooth constraints on model complexity in the space domain, which can smoothen the boundaries of complex underground structures. To improve the resolution of 3-D frequency-domain airborne EM (AEM) inversions, we propose a new algorithm for sparse-regularized inversion based on the shearlet transform. Unlike traditional methods that invert the model parameters in the space domain, we first transform the 3-D resistivity model into the frequency domain and then invert the sparse coefficients using an L1-norm measure to ensure the sparseness of the solution. Finally, we transform the shearlet coefficients back to the space domain to update the model. The shearlet transform has inherent multiscale and multidirectional properties, making it capable of effectively extracting complex geometries such as curved boundaries. We adopt the finite-difference method and the iteratively reweighted least-squares scheme for our 3-D AEM modeling and inversions and apply the “moving footprint” technique to speed up the inversion. Tests using synthetic data show that sparse-regularized inversion based on the shearlet transform can obtain more-focused inversion results than conventional smoothness-constrained inversions based on the L2-norm. Tests using field survey data also reveal that the new method can achieve more realistic underground structures. |
6,783 | Please write an abstract with title: The Influence of Attitude toward Behavior, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control on the Behavioral Intention of using PayLater Apps moderated by Financial Literacy and Hedonic Value, and key words: Technological innovation, Attitude control, Credit cards, Product design, Behavioral sciences, Quality assessment, Internet. Abstract: Financial technology offers a variety of services that make purchasing goods easier for users than traditional methods. An interesting financial innovation is the PayLater system, which functions like a credit card. This system makes it easier for consumers to access credit with a predetermined limit. This study aims to analyze how Attitudes towards Behavior, Subjective Norms, and Perceptions of Behavioral Control affect Behavioral Intentions to use the PayLater application. This study extends the Theory Planned Behavior model by adding the variables of Financial Literacy and Hedonic Values as moderators to the research model. The results showed that each exogenous latent variable affected the behavioral intention to use the PayLater application. Financial literacy moderates the effect of Attitudes and Perceptions of Behavioral Control on Behavioral Intentions. Hedonic values moderate the influence of Subjective norms on Behavioral Intentions in using the PayLater apps. |
6,784 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy Efficient UAV Deployment with Optimized Path-Planning in Post-Disaster Environment, and key words: Wireless communication, Energy consumption, Base stations, Simulation, Autonomous aerial vehicles, Prediction algorithms, Robustness. Abstract: Natural catastrophes cause loss of human life and damage artificial infrastructure. In this scenario, the disastrous area becomes isolated, and the loss of communication infrastructure exacerbates the situation. This can interrupt the communication from the base station (BS) with the deployed search and rescue unit, which obstructs finding the survivors. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are an appealing choice for providing seamless connection in situations where traditional terrestrial base stations (BS) cannot be installed. Despite that, deployment of UAVs as remote base stations suffers major issues due to the energy limitation, optimal path-planning, and lack of rechargeable sources. A framework is presented in this study to recharge the UAV battery from ground sources to circumvent the energy limitation. Furthermore, a path-planning scheme is proposed to escalate the recharging task while reducing the UAV's energy consumption. Simulation results are shown to justify the applicability of the proposed infrastructure. |
6,785 | Please write an abstract with title: A new measurement microphone based on MEMS technology, and key words: Microphones, Micromechanical devices, Vibration measurement, Noise measurement, Semiconductor device measurement, Noise level, Frequency measurement, Humidity measurement, Pressure measurement, Frequency response. Abstract: This paper presents a new type of measurement microphone that is based on MEMS technology. The silicon chip design and fabrication are discussed, as well as the specially developed packaging technology. The microphones are tested on a number of key parameters for measurement microphones: sensitivity, noise level, frequency response, and immunity to disturbing environmental parameters, such as temperature changes, humidity, static pressure variations, and vibration. A sensitivity of 22 mV/Pa (-33 dB re. 1 V/Pa), and a noise level of 23 dB(A) were measured. The noise level is 7 dB lower than state-of-the-art 1/4-inch measurement microphones. A good uniformity on sensitivity and frequency response has been measured. The sensitivity to temperature changes, humidity, static pressure variations and vibrations is fully comparable to the traditional measurement microphones. This paper shows that high-quality measurement microphones can be made using MEMS technology, with a superior noise performance. |
6,786 | Please write an abstract with title: Nuclear power revival, and key words: Power generation, Global warming, Carbon dioxide, Fossil fuels, Accidents, US Government, Natural gas, Rain, Gases, Atmosphere. Abstract: There has not been a nuclear power plant licensed since 1979 due to the radioactive releases at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant and an accident at Chernobyl. The public and federal government opinion regarding nuclear power has since changed because the nuclear power plants are operating with unprecedented reliability and economy. Nuclear has again become the focus of attention as the natural gas prices increase coupled with capacity shortages in California in 2000-2001. Sulfur dioxide produced by burning coal causes acid rain. Green house gases such as carbon dioxide and five others come from burning fossil fuel in the power plants. The amount of heat trapping carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes global warming and serious disruptions to agriculture and other ecosystems. In December 1997, delegates from 159 countries gathered in Kyoto, Japan, and adopted a treaty that could limit the greenhouse gases. In order to reduce the greenhouse gases, the accord encouraged the fossil fuel dependent countries to develop renewable and alternative technologies. Nuclear power is an alternative technology. With the modular type construction, standardization, and one-step approval, the nuclear power can be revived. The new reactors are safer and more efficient than plants built in the past. Nuclear energy is clean, affordable and reliable and offers a potential and promise for this country and the rest of the world. The paper discusses different ways of reviving nuclear power. |
6,787 | Please write an abstract with title: A Numerical Technique for SAW Diffraction Simulation, and key words: Surface acoustic waves, Diffraction, Transducers, Frequency, Fingers, Bandwidth, Transversal filters, Error correction, Iterative algorithms, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: An efficient numerical technique is presented for simulating the effect of diffraction on the performance of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. A computer code based on this technique accurately predicts the performance of several "practical" bandpass filters fabricated on ST-cut quartz. Since the algorithm is fast, an iterative design procedure which minimizes the frequency sidelobes in the presence of diffraction is now practical. |
6,788 | Please write an abstract with title: Online Electronic System for Investigating Surface Characteristics of Solid-State Materials, and key words: Fluctuations, Nanomaterials, Harmonic analysis, Nanostructures, Electron microscopy, Probes, Surface treatment. Abstract: The online electronic system has been developed for processing data on the material structure (for example, surface images obtained by probe microscopy). Applications of the online electronic system include semiconductor electronics, nanoelectronics, physics of nanosystems, diagnostics of nanomaterials and nanostructures, and other areas related to the study of the solid-state materials structure. |
6,789 | Please write an abstract with title: Amplification and Self-oscillations in Active Non-Foster Tank Circuit, and key words: Analytical models, Metasurfaces, Metamaterials, Broadband communication, Integrated circuit modeling, Dispersion. Abstract: This paper proposes non-Foster tank circuit that comprises both positive and negative R, L, C elements. It is shown that, apart from familiar effect of broadband dispersion cancellation, it is also possible to achieve amplification and self-oscillations rooted in negative reactive elements. |
6,790 | Please write an abstract with title: On teaching business decision-making in complex domains, and key words: Education, Decision making, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Information systems, Environmental economics, Books, Organizational aspects, Companies, Complexity theory, Nonlinear equations. Abstract: This paper treats teaching decision-making in business as a separate issue from teaching business decision support. We consider business decision-making ability to be a combination of theory and practice (experience) and hence, perceive teaching decision-making an exercise that has to take both, business theory and business experience into consideration; this can be achieved with experiential learning. Complexity in the business environment and different learning environments are discussed. Selected instances of teaching decision-making under complexity are presented for illustration. |
6,791 | Please write an abstract with title: A fast and simple implementation of Chua's oscillator using a "cubic-like" Chua diode, and key words: Oscillators, Diodes, Piecewise linear techniques, Circuits, Operational amplifiers, Resistors, Chaos, Batteries, Robustness, Frequency. Abstract: The nonlinearity in Chua's oscillator is commonly implemented as a three-segment piecewise-linear resistor. The piecewise-linear nature of the element means that the implementation requires a significant amount of circuitry and the speed of operation is limited. The qualitative behavior of Chua's oscillator has also been captured using a smooth cubic nonlinearity; the implementation of the latter also requires a significant amount of circuitry and suffers from limited speed of operation. This work describes a novel implementation of Chua's oscillator using just four transistors and a battery to produce a cubic-like nonlinearity. The circuit is simple, robust, and capable of operating at frequencies over one thousand times that of the original Chua's oscillator. |
6,792 | Please write an abstract with title: New Approach using Optimization Method in Forecasting of the Own Technical Consumption in Distribution Power Grids, and key words: Analytical models, Uncertainty, Optimization methods, Estimation, Predictive models, Data models, Regulation. Abstract: Nowadays operation of the power distribution networks is constrained by the currently active regulations but also by some other factors that are conditioned by its beneficiaries impact or by economical restrictions. In this work the second category of factors is tackled by identifying and forecasting in an optimal approach one of the most important terms in indirect control of the energy contour which is impacted by the own technical consumption.Own technical consumption in distribution grids is one of the most relevant performance indices related to the efficiency operation and sustainable development of power grids. For this reasons, it is considered as an essential monitoring parameter in regulatory and supervising governmental agencies in energy domain. At this level of importance the power distribution operators are willing to determine and to estimate the evolution of this parameter for their internal needs as a factor in decision making and for reporting to the regulatory organizations. The paper's main goal is focused on development and analysis of this performance index forecasting. Two approaches are evaluated, namely the data series based linear regression model estimation and a novel multi-criteria optimization forecast method.In order to validate the proposed approaches, a case study is performed and the outcome results and analysis are presented. The proposed methodology and how the most relevant obtained results can be deployed and implemented by the industry are illustrated. |
6,793 | Please write an abstract with title: A CNN based localization and activity recognition algorithm using multi-receiver CSI measurements and decision fusion, and key words: Location awareness, Training, Phase measurement, Fuses, Estimation, Receivers, Activity recognition. Abstract: With the development of the internet of things, localization and activity recognition based on WIFI signals have received much attentions. In order to improve the performance, in this paper, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based localization and activity recognition algorithm using channel state information (CSI) measurements and decision fusion is proposed. In the off-line phase, the original CSI measurements obtained from multiple receivers are preprocessed to remove the outliers and noise by Hampel filter and Gaussian filter. Then the normalized CSI measurements are rendered into RGB images. At last, at each receiver, the CNN and distributed training is used for classification learning of localization and activity recognition, respectively. In the on-line phase, the decision-level fusion is used to fuse the intermediate estimation and obtain the final localization and activity recognition results. Experiment results show the better performance of the proposed algorithm. |
6,794 | Please write an abstract with title: MOS Prediction for Mobile Broadband Networks Using Bayesian Artificial Intelligence, and key words: Computational modeling, Quality of service, Streaming media, Predictive models, Bayes methods, Broadband communication, Quality of experience. Abstract: Mobile broadband (MBB) networks are growing fast with supporting high-speed internet access. Fifth-generation networks promise an enhanced MBB that offers a high-speed data rate and video streaming with ultra-low latency. Thus, monitoring the level quality of these services supported by network providers becomes essential. Mobile network operators continuously optimize their network performance to provide a better quality of service and quality of experience. Moreover, artificial intelligence has been used considerably in optimizations to efficiently meet the requirements of future mobile networks. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian network model to predict the minimum opinion score (MOS), which contributes to evaluating the network performance of video streaming services. The proposed model depends on several input data, namely, bite rate, stalling load, and round-trip time. The predicted MOS depends on prior probability distributions to generate posterior probabilities. The predicted MOS depends on these input data. Results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a high prediction accuracy of 86%, with a mean square error of 0.34. The proposed model also has a robust performance design through various testing methods. |
6,795 | Please write an abstract with title: Counting the Number of Moving Vehicles by Its Type Based on Computer Vision, and key words: Visualization, Image segmentation, Roads, Object detection, Image filtering, Information technology, Informatics. Abstract: Traffic jam, lack of adequate information of the traffic low used for development of road infrastructure to reduce traffic jam, and possibility of human error in the execution of a heavy traffic survey become the primary background of this study. By using information technology, open up an opportunity for the development of monitoring system computer vision based. This study will calculate the total amount of moving vehicles based on its type with computer vision based with staged: ROI selection, image segmentation with Gaussian Mixture Model method, filtering process, blob detection and tracking, and vehicles classification with Fuzzy Clustering Means. Implementation of an application using visual studio 2010. The output comprises result of classification and total amount vehicles based on its type. The test application divided into a few test scenarios, namely test 1, test 2, test 3 and test 4. The accuracy obtained on each test are 36.27%, 50.47%, 60.75%, and 67.00% respectively. |
6,796 | Please write an abstract with title: 2021 Strategies for "Socially Distant" University-Company Collaborations, and key words: COVID-19, Technological innovation, Pandemics, Ecosystems, Education, Collaboration, Companies. Abstract: In the early months of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic suddenly transformed the way the world works and collaborates. With all work-related travel abruptly curtailed and most company professionals and academics working from home, the daily work environment shifted to an ecosystem enabled by online communication and collaboration tools. In 2021, workflows continue to evolve for both universities and corporations - to better support R&D, education, and ideation. This panel will discuss how COVID-19-inspired innovation ecosystems have changed - for better or worse - university-company collaborations. Panelists will share personal observations, challenges, results, and ideas for the future. |
6,797 | Please write an abstract with title: Quality-delay-and-computation trade-off analysis of acoustic echo cancellation on general-purpose CPU, and key words: Echo cancellers, Sampling methods, Microprocessors, Digital signal processing, Adaptive filters, Delay effects, Costs, Laboratories, Frequency domain analysis, Availability. Abstract: While many previous studies have examined acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) in terms of quality, computation complexity, and implementation issues on DSP processors, this work evaluates quality-delay-computation trade-off of unconstrained frequency-domain recursive-least-square AEC algorithm on general purpose microprocessors. Specially, trade-off among echo cancellation quality, sampling delay, and computation time on Intel Pentium 4 systems is analyzed. Our quantitative analysis shows that the effectiveness of echo cancellation does not depend on availability of CPU as long as CPU can provide sufficient computational power for online real-time processing. Today's general-purpose microprocessor-based AEC can deliver satisfactory echo cancellation quality at a computationally acceptable price (less than 5% CPU usage). On other hand, the effectiveness depends on sampling delay. And no matter how fast a microprocessor would be, it is unlikely to guarantee both smaller sampling delay and larger echo-return-loss-enhancement (ERLE) at the same time. Finally, considering possible application of general-purpose processor-based AEC in laptop, office and meeting room environments, we analyzed acoustic channel delay's influence on both ERLE and CPU computation, showing that general- purpose microprocessor AEC's outstanding ability in tolerating various computing environments. Our experimental results can be used to design good configuration to meet specific quality requirements in terms of quality and sampling delay. |
6,798 | Please write an abstract with title: Planar lightwave integrated circuits with embedded actives for board and substrate level optical signal distribution, and key words: Photonic integrated circuits, Integrated optics, Optical interconnections, Holographic optical components, Optical films, Holography, Optical surface waves, Optical beams, Substrates, Turning. Abstract: This paper explores design options for planar optical interconnections integrated onto boards, discusses fabrication options for both beam turning and embedded interconnections to optoelectronic devices, describes integration processes for creating embedded planar optical interconnections, and discusses measurement results for a number of integration schemes that have been demonstrated by the authors. In the area of optical interconnections with beams coupled to and from the board, the topics covered include integrated metal-coated polymer mirrors and volume holographic gratings for optical beam turning perpendicular to the board. Optical interconnections that utilize active thin film (approximately 1-5 /spl mu/m thick) optoelectronic components embedded in the board are also discussed, using both Si and high temperature FR-4 substrates. Both direct and evanescent coupling of optical signals into and out of the waveguide are discussed using embedded optical lasers and photodetectors. |
6,799 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Transverse Openings on Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete curved Beams, and key words: Bending, Concrete, Behavioral sciences, Carbon, Load modeling, Strain. Abstract: In this research, the effect of horizontal openings for two models of reinforced concrete was studied, and the original model was without openings, and a weakness was observed in the model with openings. We used an external reinforcement by means of carbon fibers, and an increase in the bearing capacity was observed. Compared to the control CCB, the ultimate load capacity of all specimens (CBH.O and CBH.S) reduced by about (11.7 percent and 5.4 percent, in both). |
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