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9,100 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduced kernel IEs for MEN based analysis of multilayered FSS structures, and key words: Kernel, Frequency selective surfaces, Phased arrays, Periodic structures, Scattering, Integral equations, Green's function methods, Moment methods, Filtering, Performance analysis. Abstract: Despite the fact that the general behavior of periodic structures has been investigated for many decades, the analysis and design of multilayered FSSs is still a very real and complicated problem. This is especially true for the stringent requirements, which rise, for example, when the FSS has to be integrated with a planar phased array. A multimode equivalent network (MEN) based approach has been developed to solve this specific kind of problem and successfully applied to a realistic design case (Monni, S. et al.). The key innovative notion introduced by the MEN method is the formalization of the scattering problem through a set of integral equations (IEs) with reduced kernel and corresponding reduced Green's function (GF). Originally, the pertinent method of moments (MoM) based IEs have been solved by expanding the unknowns in terms of sub-domain functions. However, when the frequency filtering performance required from the FSS includes steep roll offs and wide scan angles, the number of accessible (interacting) modes to be included in the analysis grows, and it turns out that, for expansions based on sub-domain functions, the MoM matrix tends to be ill-conditioned. This specific behavior is the subject of the paper. |
9,101 | Please write an abstract with title: Dual Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Inverse Imaging, and key words: Imaging, Convex functions, Optimization, Superresolution, Convergence, Minimization, Linear programming. Abstract: Inverse imaging covers a wide range of imaging applications, including super-resolution, deblurring, and compressive sensing. We propose a novel scheme to solve such problems by combining duality and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). In addition to a conventional ADMM process, we introduce a second one that solves the dual problem to find the estimated nontrivial lower bound of the objective function, and the related iteration results are used in turn to guide the primal iterations. We call this D-ADMM, and show that it converges to the global minimum when the regularization function is convex and the optimization problem has at least one optimizer. Furthermore, we show how the scheme can give rise to two specific algorithms, called D-ADMM-L2 and D-ADMM-TV, by having different regularization functions. We compare D-ADMM-TV with other methods on image super-resolution and demonstrate comparable or occasionally slightly better quality results. This paves the way of incorporating advanced operators and strategies designed for basic ADMM into the D-ADMM method as well to further improve the performances of those methods. |
9,102 | Please write an abstract with title: The CMOS differential stage with active load intuitively demonstrates the unequal split of the differential input Voltage, and key words: Electronics engineering education, CMOS integrated circuits. Abstract: The authors propose a new intuitive demonstration-with the help of the Reductio ad Absurdum technique-of one "interesting" feature of the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) differential stage with an active load, namely, unequal split of the differential input voltage (the gate-source voltage is not equal for the input transistors). This kind of demonstration is very useful for challenging the students' thinking and for developing a "sense" of electronic circuits operation. |
9,103 | Please write an abstract with title: Converged Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface and Mobile Edge Computing for Space Information Networks, and key words: Wireless communication, Privacy, Space communications, Collaboration, Computer architecture, Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, Edge computing, Information systems. Abstract: Space information networks (SINs) are facing an ever increasing thirst for high-speed and high-capacity seamless data transmission due to the integration of ground, air, and space communications. However, this imposes a new paradigm on the architecture design of the integrated SIN. Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) and mobile edge computing (MEC) are the most promising techniques, conceived to improve communication and computation capability by reconfiguring the wireless propagation environment and offloading. Hence, converging RISs and MEC in SINs is becoming an effort to reap the double benefits of computation and communication. In this article, we propose an RIS-assisted collaborative MEC architecture for SINs and discuss its implementation. Then we present its potential benefits, major challenges, and feasible applications. Subsequently, we study different cases to evaluate the system data rate and latency. Finally, we conclude with a list of open issues in this research area. |
9,104 | Please write an abstract with title: One Loss for Quantization: Deep Hashing with Discrete Wasserstein Distributional Matching, and key words: Hash functions, Computer vision, Quantization (signal), Codes, Computational modeling, Estimation, Encoding. Abstract: Image hashing is a principled approximate nearest neighbor approach to find similar items to a query in a large collection of images. Hashing aims to learn a binary-output function that maps an image to a binary vector. For optimal retrieval performance, producing balanced hash codes with low-quantization error to bridge the gap between the learning stage's continuous relaxation and the inference stage's discrete quantization is important. However, in the existing deep supervised hashing methods, coding balance and low-quantization error are difficult to achieve and involve several losses. We argue that this is because the existing quantization approaches in these methods are heuristically constructed and not effective to achieve these objectives. This paper considers an alternative approach to learning the quantization constraints. The task of learning balanced codes with low quantization error is re-formulated as matching the learned distribution of the continuous codes to a pre-defined discrete, uniform distribution. This is equivalent to minimizing the distance between two distributions. We then propose a computationally efficient distributional distance by leveraging the discrete property of the hash functions. This distributional distance is a valid distance and enjoys lower time and sample complexities. The proposed single-loss quantization objective can be integrated into any existing supervised hashing method to improve code balance and quantization error. Experiments confirm that the proposed approach substantially improves the performance of several representative hashing methods. |
9,105 | Please write an abstract with title: Control Design of a Hydraulic Cooling Fan Drive for Off-Road Vehicle Diesel Engine With a Power Split Hydraulic Transmission, and key words: Fans, Hydraulic systems, Valves, Engines, Shafts, Cooling, Torque. Abstract: The engine cooling fan drive is crucial for an engine as it ensures safe and efficient engine operation. In heavy-duty mobile machine, the engine cooling fan consumes a considerable amount of engine power. To meet high cooling demand a hydraulic fan drive is usually employed. A simple and cost-effective way is to use two fixed displacement hydrostatic units and a pressure relief valve where it has severe valve throttling losses. A more efficient way is to use a variable displacement pump to drive a fixed displacement motor. It eliminates valve throttling however the drive efficiency is still relatively low due to variable pump displacement control. Therefore, an engine cooling fan drive system with a power split hydraulic transmission was proposed in the previous study. The hydraulic transmission is a compact unit with both pumping and motoring functions. The fan speed is controlled by adjusting the transmission outlet pressure. Although previous results showed the system has relatively higher drive efficiency than conventional hydraulic fan drive at different fan speeds, the control design, and system dynamic performance have not yet been studied. Therefore, in this article, the control design of the cooling fan drive system with power split hydraulic transmission is studied. A feedforward controller based on transmission characteristics is designed to achieve better system performance. A hydraulic fan drive test bench is developed to evaluate system control design. The system dynamic performance with feedforward and feedback controls are compared through both simulation and experimental studies. |
9,106 | Please write an abstract with title: The study of algorithm for association rule based in the frequent pattern, and key words: Association rules, Data mining, Transaction databases, Itemsets, Machine learning algorithms, Algorithm design and analysis, Project management, Technology management, Engineering management, Performance analysis. Abstract: This paper analyses the association rule algorithm based on the frequent mode Fptree, and puts forward an improved algorithm based on binary-expressed. The main idea and realization project of the algorithm are introduced. It is discussed that the new algorithm has improved the efficiency of mining rule by comparing two algorithms with some instances. |
9,107 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning Based Heart Disease Prediction System, and key words: Heart, Machine learning algorithms, Medical services, Cardiac arrest, Vegetation, Prediction algorithms, Classification algorithms. Abstract: Heart attack disease is one of the leading causes of the death worldwide. In today's common modern life, deaths due to the heart disease had become one of major issues, that roughly one person lost his or her life per minute due to heart illness. Predicting the occurrence of disease at early stages is a major challenge nowadays. Machine learning when implemented in health care is capable of early and accurate detection of disease. In this work, the arising situations of Heart Disease illness are calculated. Datasets used have attributes of medical parameters. The datasets are been processed in python using ML Algorithm i.e., Random Forest Algorithm. This technique uses the past old patient records for getting prediction of new one at early stages preventing the loss of lives. In this work, reliable heart disease prediction system is implemented using strong Machine Learning algorithm which is the Random Forest algorithm. Which read patient record data set in the form of CSV file. After accessing dataset the operation is performed and effective heart attack level is produced. Advantages of proposed system are High performance and accuracy rate and it is very flexible and high rates of success are achieved. |
9,108 | Please write an abstract with title: The segment copper shielding structure in comparators, and key words: Copper, Leakage current, AC generators, Capacitance, Electromagnetic compatibility, Leak detection, Linearity, Immunity testing, Magnetic shielding, Calibration. Abstract: The segment copper shielding structure in comparators is discussed. A fire-new segment copper shielding structure which can improve the EMC of comparators is given. The new shielding method mentioned above is applied in comparators designed for on-site test of the output current transforms of AC generators. Its validity is proved. |
9,109 | Please write an abstract with title: In Pursuit of Babel - Multilingual End-to-End Spoken Language Understanding, and key words: Training, Network topology, Semantics, Bit error rate, Tagging, Predictive models, Linguistics. Abstract: End-to-end spoken language understanding (E2E SLU) systems predict the utterance semantics directly from speech. So far, to the best of our knowledge, E2E models have only been trained to recognize the semantics for a single language. In this work we introduce the first multilingual E2E SLU system and present results across three languages - English, Spanish and French. We propose a transformer-based, multilingual acoustic encoder to predict intents, that leverages pre-training for both acoustic and linguistic modalities of the SLU model. It learns a robust, cross-modal latent space using a pre-trained multilingual BERT as a semantic teacher. The best performing model achieves relative improvements of 7.2% in a single language setting, 5-6% in two, and 4-6% in three language settings. An intent-wise analysis shows that semantic supervision becomes more important for shorter utterances, while providing an explicit language identifier at the input leads to lower intent classification errors. |
9,110 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Anti-Pattern Detection in Microservice Architectures Based on Distributed Tracing, and key words: Visualization, Microservice architectures, Computer architecture, Companies, Software engineering. Abstract: The successful use of microservice-based applications by large companies has popularized this architectural style. One problem with the microservice architecture is that current techniques for visualising- and detecting anti-pattern are inadequate. This study contributes a method and tool for detecting anti-patterns in microservice architecture based on distributed execution traces. We demonstrate this on an industrial case study. |
9,111 | Please write an abstract with title: Independently Tunable Dual-Band Perfect Absorption in a Dual-Resonance Hybrid Structure Incorporating Graphene, and key words: Absorption, Graphene, Dual band, Chemicals, Distributed Bragg reflectors, Permittivity. Abstract: An independently tunable dual-resonance hybrid structure incorporating graphene is proposed to achieve selective light trapping and response tuning in the visible and near-infrared band. The incident light with different wavelengths are intensely localized in two separated resonant cavities via the synergetic effect of the guided mode resonances (GMRs) and optical Tamm states (OTSs), which leads to the strong enhancement of the light-matter interaction of graphene in different parts of the structure. The dual-band perfect absorption associated with critical coupling is achieved, whereas the two resonant modes can be independently tuned by adjusting the corresponding structural parameters. Furthermore, by dynamically changing the permittivity of the resonant cavities or the chemical potential of graphene, the absorption wavelength can be continuously adjusted and the absorption efficiency can be regulated stepwise. |
9,112 | Please write an abstract with title: The impact of HR governance on the supply chain performance of companies: Conceptual frame, and key words: Technological innovation, Supply chain management, Supply chains, Companies, Resource management, Automotive engineering. Abstract: HR governance presents an important innovation that contributes to improving the performance of companies through the development of an agile Supply Chain ensuring a competitive advantage to them. In this sense, we propose through this paper a theoretical conceptual model based on a synthesis of the state of the art to see to what extent HR governance contributes to the the performance of the supply chain of companies. |
9,113 | Please write an abstract with title: Direct Data-Driven Feedforward Controller Design Based on Sparse Modelling Approach for Two-Degree-of-Freedom Control System, and key words: LASSO, Data driven control, Two degree of freedom control. Abstract: Estimated Response Iterative Tuning (ERIT) is a data-driven tuning method for two-degree-of-freedom control systems. ERIT can update the feedforward controller using the initial output signal and the initial controllers. This feature offers a significant advantage, as it can greatly reduce the cost and time required for the design or tuning of the controller. When the desired orders of the numerator and denominator of the feedforward controller are unknown, the controller should be configured as FIR filters. Consequently, this study introduces a sparse modeling approach based on ERIT and Lasso. The proposed method can eliminate unnecessary terms in the feedforward controller using Lasso. In this study, we evaluate the control performance of the proposed methods through experimental verification. |
9,114 | Please write an abstract with title: A Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for Decoding Visual Stimuli with EEGs, and key words: Electrodes, Time series analysis, Scalp, Computer architecture, Electroencephalography, Brain-computer interfaces, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: We present a novel machine learning architecture to decode event related potentials (ERPs) over multiple regions of the scalp for brain computer interfaces (BCI) to classify user observations. Time series ERPs resulting from image stimuli are captured at sixteen locations on the scalp using an OpenBCI electroencephalogram (EEG). This data is used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) for prediction of image observations given time series ERP input. Preliminary results show that CNNs can reach if or even outperform a more widely-used filter bank common spatial features (FBCSP). Our uniqueness is based on our attempt to achieve competitive accuracies with less electrode channels, to leave the electrodes at the 16 default locations on our OpenBCI cap (see Table 1), and a condensed training strategy. |
9,115 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluación de áreas del espacio vocal y formantes para caracterizar personas con y sin Enfermedad de Parkinson, and key words: Media. Abstract: En las personas con la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) puede observarse una articulación vocálica imprecisa. Las características acústicas que miden la articulación vocálica han demostrado ser indicadores eficaces para la evaluación de la EP. En diversas investigaciones se ha reportado que la articulación vocálica clínica, el índice de articulación vocálica y la relación de centralización de los formantes, son medidas relevantes para detectar la enfermedad. A partir de medidas obtenidas para una base de datos propia, nos propusimos obtener indicadores de la capacidad articulatoria que diferencien a enfermos con EP. Se calcularon variables asociadas a medidas derivadas del triángulo vocal y de los dos primeros formantes de las vocales /a/, /i/ y /u/. Algunas de estas medidas muestran diferencias medias significativas, por lo que se contemplaron en el ajuste de un modelo de regresión logística. La clasificación obtenida muestra que, si bien no logran resultados óptimos por sí mismas, las variables asociadas al triángulo vocal constituyen otros marcadores a tener en cuenta para detectar la progresión de la enfermedad de Parkinson. |
9,116 | Please write an abstract with title: Janus Nanoparticles for Dual Wavelength Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Applications, and key words: Nanoparticles, Vacuum systems, Surface waves, Raman scattering, Morphology, Metals, Surface morphology. Abstract: Plasmonic nanostructures have been used to enhance Raman scattering by the virtue of surface plasmon resonances. This method of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has paved the way for these plasmonic nanostructures to be used as potential SERS substrates in applications like bio-sensing, diagnostics and other applications. In order to optimize the SERS enhancement, the plasmon resonance of the nanostructures needs to be tuned. The usage of alloy nanoparticles has been an efficient method to achieve this. In this paper we study Ag-Cu alloy nanoparticles with Janus morphology and explore the possibility of tuning the plasmon resonance in order to utilize the nanostructures for dual wavelength SERS applications. |
9,117 | Please write an abstract with title: Homogeneous Observers for Projected Quadratic Partial Differential Equations, and key words: Observers, Convergence, Trajectory, Symmetric matrices, Observability, Mathematical model, Dynamical systems. Abstract: The paper proposes a new homogeneous observer for finite-dimensional projections of quadratic homogeneous hyperbolic PDEs. The design relies upon new sufficient conditions for fixed-time convergence of observer's gain, described as a solution of a non-linear homogeneous matrix differential equations, towards an ellipsoid in the space of symmetric non-negative matrices. Convergence of the observer is analyzed, and a numerical convergence test is proposed: numerical experiments confirm the test on ODEs obtained by finite-difference discretization of Burgers-Hopf equation. |
9,118 | Please write an abstract with title: Predicting the Length of Stay of Patients in Hospitals, and key words: COVID-19, Analytical models, Hospitals, Urban areas, Predictive models, Multilayer perceptrons, Data models. Abstract: Due to the intensive treatment process of coronavirus pneumonia cases, it is important to predict the Length of Stay (LOS) of patients at the hospital to allow better management of resources and increase the efficiency of hospital services to provide improved healthcare. To predict LOS, we used four artificial neural network models namely the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Multilayer Perceptron with PCA (PCA+MLP), and the Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) model to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the different models using the Microsoft Hospital Length of Stay data. The proposed method is compared with the state-of-the-art models and a simple MLP model. Our models achieved an accuracy between 73% and 88% with the CNN model providing the highest accuracy. |
9,119 | Please write an abstract with title: Phase sensitive optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) with amplitude measurements only, and key words: Optical sensors, Reflectometry, Phase measurement, Arrayed waveguide gratings, Tunable circuits and devices, Fiber gratings, Optical waveguides, Light sources, Filters, Optical fiber devices. Abstract: Complex impulse response is measured by having a tunable source for an amplitude sensitive OLCR. The new technique is demonstrated through experiments and numerical simulations for fiber gratings and arrayed waveguide gratings. |
9,120 | Please write an abstract with title: Female Enrollment and Persistence in Chemical Engineering at a Caribbean National University and their Employment Success after Graduation, and key words: Employment, STEM, Companies, Chemicals, Chemical engineering, Time measurement, Market research. Abstract: In recent times, there has been a drive to increase the number of engineering graduates in Jamaica as well as to encourage females to pursue professions in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). With universities outputting approximately 200 graduates in engineering disciplines annually, the graduates are forced to compete for placement in the island's relatively small manufacturing and processing industries. It is therefore imperative that employment prospects for female STEM graduates be elucidated to better devise strategies to promote and increase the number of females enrolled in STEM degree programs. This study investigates female enrollment and persistence in the chemical engineering (ChE) program at the University of Technology, Jamaica. The method employs a longitudinal cohort analysis to examine gender differences in enrollment, persistence to graduation, and the class of award obtained at graduation. The research focuses on 12 ChE cohorts from 2004 to 2015. The employment profile of female graduates is also assessed. Findings show that although females represent 41% of enrolled students in semester 1, they are more likely to complete their degree in 4 years, obtain better award quality, and less likely to withdraw from the program. Most female graduates receive employment within the first year after graduation with 59.4% in STEM-related occupations and 19% in unrelated fields. This work contributes to the literature on engineering education in the Caribbean and it is the first of its kind to be done for the local university. |
9,121 | Please write an abstract with title: Online Assessment Application in Measuring the Numeracy Level of Prospective Elementary School Teachers, and key words: Education, Mathematics, Shape measurement, Shape, Extraterrestrial measurements, Frequency measurement, Games. Abstract: Numeracy has been an issue in mathematics education. Numeracy is not only used in daily life but it also useful in work life. Previous research showed that numeracy at the elementary level can affect numeracy skills in the future. As the foundation in building the numeracy skills of elementary school students, it is important to know the numeracy skills of elementary school teachers. To predict its competencies, the numeracy test can be done to the prospective elementary school teachers. With the development of educational technology, the online assessment by Quizizz application can be chosen as the tool for taking the test. 237 respondents were involved in this research. Most prospective elementary school teachers are at a fair satisfactory level. The data shows, there is only 29.6% of prospective elementary school teachers can achieve the Essential of Numeracy title. This title shows the skill of prospective teachers to confidently deal with numbers in daily life. This low achievement shows the need to provide numeracy resources and a special program to improve the numeracy skills in the elementary school teacher education study program. |
9,122 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Ability Evaluation of "Double-Qualified and Double-Ability" Teacher in M University Based on Fuzzy-AHP, and key words: Indexes, Entrepreneurship, Training, Decision making, Economics, Technological innovation. Abstract: As a local undergraduate university, M University is just in the process of the application-oriented transformation. The "double-qualified and double-ability" teachers are the key factor for the applied talent training. But how to evaluate a teacher's abilities in this field? Here, firstly, we construct the index system of ability evaluation of the "double-qualified and double-ability" teacher which includes the elements of the basic teaching ability, the professional and technical ability and the innovative and entrepreneurial ability. Then, the indicator weights are carried out by the AHP method and the comprehensive evaluation made by the Fuzzy. Finally, empirical analysis being made to investigate a teacher's abilities of "double-qualified" and "double-ability". |
9,123 | Please write an abstract with title: A low-cost jitter measurement technique for BIST applications, and key words: Jitter, Self-testing, Integrated circuit testing, SPICE, Delay effects. Abstract: In this paper, we present a technique to measure the RMS period jitter of the signal under test. In the proposed approach, the lead/lag relationships between the signal under test and two delayed versions of itself are compared. The collected information corresponds to two points along the jitter's cumulative distribution function (CDF) curve from which the RMS period jitter value can be derived. Currently, SPICE simulation results show less than 5% error for RMS jitter values ranging from 40 to 60 ps. |
9,124 | Please write an abstract with title: The Difficulty to accurately assess the Active Losses due to Harmonics, and key words: Resistance, Total harmonic distortion, Power quality, Rectifiers, Power system harmonics, Harmonic analysis, Conductors. Abstract: It is known that in the same network the harmonic level increases due to the extensive use of equipment based on electronics (lighting equipment which use drivers, switching-mode power supplies, dimmers, rectifiers, electrical drive systems etc.). At a given moment it is practically impossible to estimate the number of such devices working simultaneously. For these reasons the adequate assess of active losses is a great challenge. The paper presents a method to roughly estimate the active losses in a low voltage network supply and the causes that prevent the estimation with accuracy of these losses due to dynamic behavior of consumers. |
9,125 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance evaluation of hierarchical cellular CDMA networks with soft handoff queueing, and key words: Cellular networks, Multiaccess communication, Microcell networks, Macrocell networks, Call admission control, Mathematical model, Multidimensional systems, Gaussian distribution, Iterative methods, Steady-state. Abstract: We consider hierarchical cellular code-division multiple-access networks supporting soft handoff, where users with different mobility are assigned to different layers, i.e., microcells in the lower layer are used to carry slow users, whereas macrocells in the upper layer are for fast users, and handoff queues are provided for handoff calls that cannot obtain the required channel immediately, so that forced termination probability can be reduced. According to whether handoff queues are provided in microcells and/or macrocells, four different call admission control schemes are proposed and studied. We derive the mathematical model of the considered system with multidimensional birth-death process and utilize Gauss-Seidel iterative method to find the steady-state probability distribution and thus the performance measures of interest: new call blocking probability, handoff failure probability, and forced termination probability. Analytical results show that providing handoff queues in both microcells and macrocells can achieve largest performance improvement. Furthermore, handoff queue size greater than a threshold is shown to have little effect on performance measures of interest. Last but not least, the studied two-tier system is compared with a one-tier counterpart. It is shown that the two-tier system performs better in terms of average number of handoffs per fast call. |
9,126 | Please write an abstract with title: The discone antenna in a BPSK direct-sequence indoor UWB communication system, and key words: Ultra wideband antennas, Binary phase shift keying, Ultra wideband communication, Antennas and propagation, Antenna measurements, Distortion measurement, Broadband antennas, Time domain analysis, Ultra wideband technology, Current measurement. Abstract: The current ultra-wideband (UWB) channel models proposed by different research groups are generally based on measurements in which the effect of the antennas used are inevitably embedded. There is potentially significant waveform distortion by UWB antennas, and it is difficult to distinguish between antenna and real propagation path effects in many of the reported channel measurements. However, understanding these effects is important for overall system performance prediction. The discone antenna is known for its broadband characteristics and has been widely used for channel measurements. In this paper, we address the importance of the antenna and indoor propagation effects as applied to a UWB system analysis. This is achieved by use of a true time-domain three-dimensional ray-tracing propagation model coupled with accurate simulation of the time-domain performance of the discone antenna. A DS-UWB system approach was adopted for detailed study and its performance is evaluated under the channel model with and without considering the antenna pattern effect. Both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight cases are considered. The antenna effect can be seen to be significant, leading to the conclusion that interpretation of practical system measurements must allow for the antennas being used in the measurement system. |
9,127 | Please write an abstract with title: Stabilization and regulation in linear multivariable systems, and key words: MIMO, Polynomials, Control systems, Vectors, Robustness, Regulators, Economic indicators, Adaptive control, Frequency domain analysis, Stability. Abstract: This paper presents a generalization of some recent results of Cheng and Pearson [1]. It is shown that the conditions obtained under certain assumptions in [1] are valid under more general assumptions. We therefore obtain the solution to a more general linear multivariable regulator problem than that previously solved by Wonham and Pearson [2]. |
9,128 | Please write an abstract with title: Why does it need velocity?, and key words: Particle swarm optimization, Testing, Iterative algorithms, Evolutionary computation, Heuristic algorithms, Switches. Abstract: The particle swarm algorithm differs from other EAs in its use of "velocity" - a particle tends to move in the same direction it moved on the previous iteration. This paper explores variations and dimensions of velocity in an effort to understand what velocity contributes to the performance of the algorithm. |
9,129 | Please write an abstract with title: Using FIFOs in hardware-software co-design for FPGA based embedded systems, and key words: Field programmable gate arrays, Embedded system, Hardware, Coprocessors, Acceleration, Reduced instruction set computing, Application software, Rendering (computer graphics), Pixel, Computer science. Abstract: This paper deals with the evaluation of FIFO for connecting custom cores to processors in FPGA. Two case studies were done in order to evaluate the use of FIFO in the context of hardware-software co-design. One case study analyzes the rendering images of the Mandelbrot set and the other one deals with the game of Connect Four. In both applications a simple co-processor provides the most speed-up, where a higher quality co-processor implementation was exhibited. |
9,130 | Please write an abstract with title: Small worlds in wireless networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Wireless networks, Postal services, Wireless sensor networks, Algorithm design and analysis, Distributed algorithms, Spread spectrum communication, Bit rate, Engineering profession. Abstract: In this study, the concept of small worlds is investigated in the context of wireless networks. Wireless networks are spatial graphs that tend to be much more clustered than random networks and have much higher path length characteristics. We observe that by adding a few short cut links, path length of wireless networks is reduced drastically. More interestingly, such short cut links need not be random but may be confined to a limited number of hops; a fraction of the network diameter. This facilitates the design of practical distributed algorithms, based on contacts, to improve performance of resource discovery in wireless networks. |
9,131 | Please write an abstract with title: Time-Difference-of-Arrival Estimation Algorithms by Employing Cyclostationary Property of LFM Signals, and key words: Estimation, Receivers, Delays, Frequency estimation, Correlation, Delay effects, Time difference of arrival. Abstract: In this letter, two time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) estimation algorithms are studied by employing the cyclostationary property of LFM signals. First, the multicycle frequency phase TDOA (MCFP-TDOA) estimation algorithm is developed by using the phase difference of the cyclic auto-correlation function of each cycle frequency, followed by an analysis on the phase ambiguity problem. By taking advantage of multiple cycle frequencies and the linear relationship between each cycle frequency, it was found to have smaller estimation error compared with the traditional cyclic phase difference (CPD) method. Second, based on the characteristics of LFM signals in the cyclic frequency domain, the spectral correlation TDOA (SC-TDOA) estimation algorithm is devised, which has good antinoise ability. The improved performances of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated through detailed theoretical analysis and simulations. |
9,132 | Please write an abstract with title: An Exact Design Technique for a Type of Maximally-Flat Quarter-Wave-Coupled Band Pass Filter, and key words: Band pass filters, Impedance, Admittance, Telephony, Laboratories, Insertion loss, Circuits, Symmetric matrices, Tin, Strontium. Abstract: Consider the filter configuration consisting of a number of shorted quarter wave stubs spaced a quarter wavelength apart on an otherwise uniform transmission line. What tapering of the characteristic impedances of the stubs will yield a maximally-flat transmission characteristic? |
9,133 | Please write an abstract with title: Evolutionary Programming Based Deep Feature and Model Selection for Visual Data Classification, and key words: Feature extraction, Computational modeling, Genetic algorithms, Data models, Machine learning, Training, Programming. Abstract: Deep Learning (DL) has made significant changes to a large number of research areas in recent decades. For example, several astonishing Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models have been built by researchers to fulfill image classification needs using large-scale visual datasets successfully. Transfer Learning (TL) makes use of those pre-trained models to ease the feature learning process for other target domains that contain a smaller amount of training data. Currently, there are numerous ways to utilize features generated by transfer learning. Pre-trained CNN models prepare mid-/high-level features to work for different targeting problem domains. In this paper, a DL feature and model selection framework based on evolutionary programming is proposed to solve the challenges in visual data classification. It automates the process of discovering and obtaining the most representative features generated by the pre-trained DL models for different classification tasks. |
9,134 | Please write an abstract with title: A Near-Optimum Matching Section without Discontinuities, and key words: Impedance, Electromagnetic waveguides, Bandwidth, Transmission lines, Differential equations, Riccati equations, Passband, Electromagnetic reflection, Waveguide theory. Abstract: The optimum tapered matching section requires impedance steps at the taper ends, which exclude in most cases its application for synthesizing waveguide tapers. A new "near" optimum design is described which avoids the impedance steps and yields tapers only a fractional part longer in taper length (or narrower in bandwidth) than the exactly optimum taper. A table of values of a transcendental function has been calculated to simplify the synthesis. An example compares both types of matching sections. |
9,135 | Please write an abstract with title: Advance Eye Blink Sensor Controller Based Wheel Chair, and key words: Wheelchairs, Wheels, Strain. Abstract: These days one can perceive that physically challenged people are glimpsed in a great deals of activities more or less the same as normal human beings. But to uplift them in various activities and to perform their daily activities one should always stand with them. Empirically, a person always being behind them will not be possible. This paper crips at restoring flairs and performance of daily activities by physically crippled people without holding others hand by executing a eye blink sensor wheel chair. As the wheel chair is blocked out with Eye blink technology, for the movement of the physically disabled people, it grips less power of the operator to run without any strain. This system is designed in such manner that it counts the number of eye blinks and based on that it will move forward, Left and Right direction. Thus by implementing the eye blink sensor wheel chair in the life's of physically disabled people reduces the physical and mental strain. |
9,136 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification Of Sars-cov-2 Viral Escape Sequences Using Escapetrans Network, and key words: Drugs, Humanities, Computer viruses, Computational modeling, Transformers, Coronaviruses, Vaccines. Abstract: Viral escape analysis has become significantly important area of research due to an unpredictable nature of frequent gene mutations in viruses. Mutation in genes of virus is posing frequent threats to humanity from time to time as the drug or vaccines developed for virus becomes less effective against the mutated viruses. In this study, we proposed a novel method for identifying significant mutational viral sequences from non-significant mutational sequences using the escape mutant information of the SARS-COV-2 viral sequences with supervised transformer based binary classification technique. With our novel approach, we achieved model classification; validation and test accuracy of 0.983, 0.9014 respectively on the split size of 0.7-0.15-0.15 used for train, validation, and test dataset respectively. The developed model would be helpful for computationally identifying the significant mutational sequences without in-vivo experiments. |
9,137 | Please write an abstract with title: Switching Noise-Loss Trade-Off Improvement of SJ-IGBTs, and key words: Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Resistance, Switches, Voltage, Logic gates, Capacitance, Controllability. Abstract: Design of trench gate and p-column position in Superjunction (SJ)-IGBTs are discussed to improve the tradeoff characteristics between surge voltage/current and turn-off/on losses. Power electronics systems require not only low power loss but also low EMI noise for high cost performance by system downsizing. Although SJ-IGBTs are attractive for low loss operation due to thin drift layer and fast removal of the excess carriers through the p- and n-columns at the turnoff operation, the switching trade-off characteristics of SJIGBTs compared with the conventional IGBT and the improvement design have not been discussed sufficiently. This paper shows better switching trade-off compared with a conventional IGBT can be obtained by the trench gate and p-column designs due to management of the gate capacitance and hole current flow, because negative gate capacitance influences on not only turn-on switching but also turn-off switching. |
9,138 | Please write an abstract with title: A Short Sensing-Time Cyclostationary Feature Detection Based Spectrum Sensor for Cognitive Radio Network, and key words: Sensors, Computer architecture, Hardware, Frequency-domain analysis, OFDM, Correlation, Very large scale integration. Abstract: This paper proposes cyclostationary feature detection (CFD) based spectrum sensor for cognitive radio technology that consumes lower hardware resources and delivers shorter sensing time. We have addressed the challenge of efficiently implementing complex frequency-domain based CFD spectrum-sensing algorithm. Specifically, VLSI-architecture of 2048-point FFT module has been multi-level resource shared for the optimization. In addition, performance analyses results of our spectrum sensor are presented for 1024, 2048 and 4096 point FFT sizes where the proposed design delivered adequate detection-probability of 0.9 at -5 dB of SNR. This spectrum sensor is FPGA implemented and it showed that the hardware utilization has been improved due to 100% reduction in memory requirement and has archived a shorter sensing time of 0.4 ms which is 12.5× lesser compared to the state-of-the-art work. |
9,139 | Please write an abstract with title: Simultaneous design of mechanism and control system for smart structures (optimization of piezoelectric placement and application to magnetic disk drive), and key words: Control systems, Intelligent structures, Design optimization, Disk drives, Genetic algorithms, Piezoelectric actuators, Vibration control, State feedback, Optimal control, Output feedback. Abstract: The placement of the piezoelectric actuator and H/sub 2/ control system in a smart structure are simultaneously optimized by the genetic algorithm to achieve an enhanced vibration control performance. Efficient optimization algorithm based on a two-step procedure is employed in the simultaneous optimization. in which the optimal piezoelectric placement and state feedback controller are obtained by the genetic algorithm at the 1st-step and then the dynamic compensator for the output feedback is reconstructed at the 2nd-step of the optimization. It is verified by sonic applications with a plate structure and a magnetic disk drive that an enhanced performance for the vibration suppression can be achieved by the optimal design presented. |
9,140 | Please write an abstract with title: Intentional dropping: a novel scheme for SYN flooding mitigation, and key words: Floods, Traffic control, Web and internet services, Bandwidth, Access protocols, Computer crime, TCPIP, Computer networks, Filtering, Delay. Abstract: This paper presents a novel scheme to mitigate the effect of SYN flooding attacks. The scheme, called intentional dropping based filtering, is based on the observation of client's persistence (i.e., client's reaction to packet loss by subsequent retransmissions) which is very widespread as it is built in TCP's connection setup. The main idea is to intentionally drop the first SYN packet of each connection request. Subsequent SYN packet from a request is passed only if it adheres to the TCP's timeout mechanism. Our analysis shows that the proposed scheme reduces attacker's effective attack rate significantly with an acceptable increase in connection establishment latency. |
9,141 | Please write an abstract with title: Brain Oscillatory Representations of Vibrotactile Parameters: An EEG Study, and key words: Electrodes, Power measurement, Particle measurements, Physiology, Electroencephalography, Haptic interfaces, Frequency measurement. Abstract: In the BCI community, haptic feedback allows us to interact with the world around us and, at the same time, perceive these interactions. For the development and maturation of neurophysiology related to haptic feedback, it is requisite to conduct more in-depth researches. To this end, we explored brain oscillatory representations of vibrotactile parameters. We utilized amplitude-modulated vibrotactile stimuli, which have four envelope frequency levels and four amplitude levels. Relevant brain oscillations in five frequency bands and ten channels were measured by noninvasive EEG technique, and they were represented in baseline-based power spectral density (PSD) forms. Results, expressed in interaction effect maps and P-value topographic maps mainly, showed that there were significant interaction effects among envelop frequency, amplitude, frequency band, and electrode position. In particular, when envelope frequency (Fe)= 40 Hz, from alpha band 1 to beta band 1, for all four amplitude levels, brain oscillations over the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex decreased gradually. Additionally, a slight decrease of brain activation in the contralateral frontal regions was found in the two higher levels of amplitude. When amplitude (A)= 0.8 Grms, from alpha band 1 to beta band 1, for all four envelope frequency levels, brain oscillations over the bilateral sensorimotor cortex decreased gradually. In addition, a increase of brain oscillation in the frontal and parietal regions was found in the two higher envelope frequency levels. Results contribute to a deeper physiological understanding for physical vibrotactile parameters. |
9,142 | Please write an abstract with title: Autonomous Temperature and Humidity Wireless Sensor Node for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Application, and key words: Temperature measurement, Temperature sensors, Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Humidity, Real-time systems, Internet of Things. Abstract: Air quality of any indoor area has been a major issue to be maintained since nowadays a lot of indoor activity occurs more often. The existence of a system to measure, analyze, and present the data of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is needed on most modern buildings. This paper presents a preliminary sensor node design to measure temperature and relative humidity for indoor IAQ monitoring applications. Compact and low-power features were considered in the design. The sensor node was designed to serve as a base operating device that has built-in wireless transfer data to be monitored using the Internet of Things (IoT). A temperature and relative humidity sensor from MikroElektronika (SHT click) is used as a primary sensor that detects both the temperature and humidity simultaneously. The AVR board has been chosen because of its compatibility with an ATMega4808 and WINC1510 are the main components for an IoT board. For standalone operation, a rechargeable battery was applied to be the main energy source for the sensor node placed in any location within a room. The designed sensor node was verified with an actual parameter for measurements under a real-life situation. The experiment results reveal that the designed wireless sensor node can run autonomously and monitor the indoor room temperature at an average 25°C and relative humidity at 52–54 % in real-time sampling that can be shown from the IoT Cloud Interface. |
9,143 | Please write an abstract with title: Path Planning for UGVs Based on Traversability Hybrid A*, and key words: Path planning, Planning, Kinematics, Frequency modulation, Space exploration, Real-time systems, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: In this letter, a new method of path planning for unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) on terrain is developed. For UGVs moving on terrain, path traversability and collision avoidance are important factors. If traversability is not considered, the planned path may lead a UGV into areas that will cause rough vehicle motion or lead to the UGV getting stuck if the traversability is low. The proposed path planning method is based on the Hybrid A* algorithm and uses estimated terrain traversability to find the path that optimizes both traversability and distance for the UGV. The path planning method is demonstrated using simulated traversability maps and is compared to the original Hybrid A* algorithm. The method is also verified through real-time experiments in real terrain, further demonstrating the benefits of terrain traversability optimization using the proposed path planning method. In the experiments, the proposed method was successfully applied for autonomous driving over distances of up to 270 m in rough terrain. Compared with the existing Hybrid A* method, the proposed method produces more traversable paths. |
9,144 | Please write an abstract with title: Breakthrough Technologies for Financing the Old-Age Labor Pension, and key words: Productivity, Costs, Employment, Insurance, Conference management, Mathematical models, Pensions. Abstract: The paper presents a project for organizing the transition of Russian citizens to the financing of an old-age labor pension using personalized pension accounts. Based on the developed economic and mathematical model (simulation model) of the financial support of the old-age labor pension when implementing a breakthrough technology of pension provision based on personalized pension accounts, the simulation of the accumulation of financial resources in the accounts of citizens is performed, proving its effectiveness. Thus, with the introduction of a breakthrough technology for financing an old-age labor pension in 2021, in four years the average insurance pension per month will amount to 40% of the aver4age monthly salary, and by 2029, eight years after the introduction, the average monthly pension will amount to 60% of the salary in the corresponding year. At the expense of the funds accumulated in the personal pension account of a working citizen, after the end of his work (for the period of survival), his average pension will be at least 80% of his salary. It is shown by calculations that due to the funds accumulated on the personalized pension account, the amount of monthly pension provision of the employee increases annually, which encourages citizens to increase labor productivity (more wages - more amount on the personal pension account, the non-reduced balance accumulates faster) and the state to reduce deductions to the Pension Fund of Russia, and all enterprises to reduce the cost of production, thereby ensuring the accelerated development of the Russian economy. |
9,145 | Please write an abstract with title: Empirical study of defuzzification, and key words: Gravity, Fuzzy sets, Shape, Fuzzy logic, Logic design, Application software, Space shuttles, Production, USA Councils, Message-oriented middleware. Abstract: The most important application of fuzzy logic is designing controllers. Fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) are much easier to design than non-linear controllers of similar capabilities. The rules that a designer needs to create are often based on their current experience and knowledge. Conventional FLCs use Center of Gravity or Mean of Maxima defuzzification methods, though other methods have been studied. This paper compares the efficiency of many different models of the defuzzification process. The goal is to examine the accuracy of the output data and the amount of processing time required. A simple controller that backs a truck up to a gate is used in the study. All of the variables are granulated with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Some of the defuzzification methods examined are Fast Center of Gravity, Mean of Maxima, True Center of Gravity and various new methods that have shown promise in application. |
9,146 | Please write an abstract with title: Modelling and Control of a Novel High Step-down 48V-1V DC-DC Converter, and key words: Buck converters, Switching frequency, Switches, Zero voltage switching, Topology, Mathematical model, Time factors. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel non-isolated buck- derived resonant DC-DC converter topology that achieves a significantly high step-down gain. Because of the limitations pertaining to the duty cycle limits and constraints related to minimum deadtime requirements that result in reduced efficiency and higher peak stress on power components, it is difficult to attain high step-down with a normal single switch buck converter. Multistage buck-derived topologies, including a greater number of active power devices, make the converter complex and inefficient in many cases. In this work, a novel circuit structure is proposed, that achieves a very high step-down gain without pushing duty cycles to the extreme limits, resulting in an efficient power conversion, making it very relevant to datacenters and point of load applications. To characterize the converter, state space averaging formulation is utilized, and corresponding gain plots have been presented. To examine the converter performance and closed loop performance, the converter is simulated for 200W load in MATLAB/Simulink, and it exhibits over 94% efficiency and 10ms settling time under 50% step change in load power. In addition to that, experimental results are also included for a laboratory proof-of-concept hardware prototype. |
9,147 | Please write an abstract with title: Monostatic through-wall detection of a metallic sphere, and key words: Electromagnetic scattering, Time domain analysis, Frequency domain analysis, Dielectric losses, Layout, Computer science, Cepstral analysis, Electromagnetic analysis, Law enforcement, Personnel. Abstract: The paper introduces a time-domain technique and a homomorphic (cepstrum-domain) technique for detecting a metallic sphere placed behind a lossy dielectric wall. Both of them rely on the monostatic analysis of the scattered electromagnetic waves from an electromagnetic impulse incident on the wall. The performance of the two approaches are compared at various distances from the wall. |
9,148 | Please write an abstract with title: Hierarchical process patterns: construct software processes in a stepwise way, and key words: Unified modeling language, Software design, Programming, Books, Process design, Software architecture, Environmental management, Software development management, Engineering management, Software engineering. Abstract: Patterns are widely used to capture design decisions and rationale of software, but they could also be used to document and guide the development of software process. This paper proposes a framework called hierarchical process patterns (HPP), which includes three types of pattern: lifecycle pattern, activity pattern, and workflow pattern. This division makes it easier to tailor and refine software processes in a stepwise way. To describe the workflow of process pattern and relationships between roles and artifacts of realized activity and those of sub activities, this paper presents a set of representation mechanism and defines role inheritance diagram and artifact decomposition diagram. To support variable number of same category of activities, this paper introduce parameterized compound activity in workflow pattern. Finally, this paper gives an example to illustrate how to apply the framework in SPDM, which is a process-centered software engineering environment. |
9,149 | Please write an abstract with title: Huffman code based error screening and channel code optimization for error concealment in perceptual audio coding (PAC) algorithms, and key words: Bit rate, Digital audio broadcasting, Error correction, Decoding, Audio coding, Cyclic redundancy check, Multimedia communication, Source coding, Testing, Satellite broadcasting. Abstract: The class of perceptual audio coding (PAC) algorithms yields efficient and high-quality stereo digital audio bitstreams at bit rates from 16 kb/sec to 128 kb/sec (and higher). To avoid "pops and clicks" in the decoded audio signals, channel error detection combined with source error concealment, or source error mitigation, techniques are preferred to pure channel error correction. One method of channel error detection is to use a high-rate block code, for example, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code. Several joint source-channel coding issues arise in this framework because PAC contains a fixed-to-variable source coding component in the form of Huffman codes, so that the output audio packets are of varying length. We explore two such issues. First, we develop methods for screening for undetected channel errors in the audio decoder by looking for inconsistencies between the number of bits decoded by the Huffman decoder and the number of bits in the packet as specified by control information in the bitstream. We evaluate this scheme by means of simulations of Bernoulli sources and real audio data encoded by PAC. Considerable reduction in undetected errors is obtained. Second, we consider several configurations for the channel error detection codes, in particular CRC codes. The preferred set of formats employs variable-block length, variable-rate outer codes matched to the individual audio packets, with one or more codewords used per audio packet. To maintain a constant bit rate into the channel, PAC and CRC encoding must be performed jointly, e.g., by incorporating the CRC into the bit allocation loop in the audio coder. |
9,150 | Please write an abstract with title: A WideBand Circularly Polarized Printed Crossed-Dipose Antenna, and key words: Dipole antennas, Bandwidth, Broadband antennas, Resonators, Microstrip antennas, Baluns. Abstract: In this paper, a wideband circularly polarized printed crossed dipole antenna is proposed. It is composed of two unequal-length crossed dipoles which produce circularly polarized performance, four split-ring resonators utilized to further increase the circularly polarized bandwidth, a microstrip trapezoidal balun is used to feed the antenna. Due to the use of the balun and four split-ring resonators, the proposed antenna has not only a broad 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 48.2% (from 20.0 to 32.3 GHz) at the operating frequency 25.5 GHz, but also a broad impedance bandwidth for $S_{11}\lt -10\ \mathrm{dB}$ of 74.1% (from 19.9 to 38.8 GHz) and a maximum gain of 7.6 dBi. |
9,151 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear Absorption Measurements of Azaborondipyrromethene Dyes, and key words: Absorption, Transient analysis, Nonlinear optics, Wavelength measurement, Probes, Optical variables measurement, Optical pumping. Abstract: We study the nonlinear absorption properties of aza-borondipyrromethene dyes using the Z-scan and transient absorption methods. Near 1200 nm, excited-state absorption due to two-photon excitation appears, which is more pronounced in the brominated dyes. |
9,152 | Please write an abstract with title: Localization of nonstationary sources using a coherence test, and key words: Testing, Time frequency analysis, Sensor arrays, Wideband, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Signal processing algorithms, Fuses, Narrowband, Biosensors, Application software. Abstract: In some applications, it is of interest to localize more sources than number of sensors. For a class of nonstationary wideband sources that exhibit onset-offset-like behavior, we develop a statistical test to choose desirable time-frequency bins where we apply the MUSIC or minimum variance estimators. Finally, we fuse the localization results across those time-frequency bins. Experimental results with a pair of real hearing-aid microphones indicate successful localization of four speech sources. |
9,153 | Please write an abstract with title: Verification of Keyboard Acoustics Authentication on Laptops and Smartphones Using WebRTC, and key words: Smartphone, Behavioral Authentication, Keyboard Dynamics, Keyboard Acoustics. Abstract: This paper evaluates authentication based on sounds emitted while typing on a laptop's keyboard only with the help of the integrated microphones and a smartphone placed nearby. The sound samples of 26 individuals were recorded in a novel real-world scenario using only web technologies. The data of laptop and the smartphone was compared based on existing approaches. They can reach Equal-Error-Rates (EERs) of 11.2% on the laptop data and 9.3% on the smartphone data. |
9,154 | Please write an abstract with title: The energy efficiency of distributed algorithms for broadcasting in ad hoc networks, and key words: Energy efficiency, Distributed algorithms, Broadcasting, Intelligent networks, Ad hoc networks, Radio frequency, Wireless networks, Computer networks, Information technology, Laboratories. Abstract: The broadcast incremental power (BIP) algorithm is a centralized heuristic for the construction of energy-efficient broadcast trees in wireless networks. We discuss the issues associated with the development of distributed algorithms for broadcast tree construction, and develop and evaluate several versions of distributed BIP (Dist-BIP). We compare the performance of these schemes with that of both centralized BIP and minimum-cost spanning tree (MST) algorithm. |
9,155 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Neural Network Feasibility Using Analog Spiking Neurons, and key words: Deep learning, Integrated circuits, Program processors, Neuromorphics, Neurons, Energy efficiency, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: Novel non-Von-Neumann solutions based on artificial intelligence (AI) have surfaced such as the neuromorphic spiking processors in either analog or digital domain. This paper proposes to study the feasibility of deep neural networks on ultra-low-power eNeuron technology. The trade-offs in terms of deep learning capabilities and energy efficiency are highlighted. This study reveals that published eNeurons and synapses satisfy linear fittings for an excitation current greater than 200 pA and a spiking frequency higher than 150 kHz, where energy efficiency is optimal. Thus, deep learning and energy efficiency are mutually exclusive for studied analog spiking neurons. |
9,156 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Modeling of a Microstrip Patch Antenna by Using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Method and Computer Aided Simulations, and key words: Finite difference methods, Microstrip, Microstrip antennas, Time-domain analysis, Patch antennas, Springs. Abstract: Nowadays, complex electromagnetic scenarios carried out by numerical techniques can be solved easily by state-of-the-art technology computers. Thus, many numerical techniques have been emerged in order to solve the different problems. In this way, scientists can define and predict the various circumstances for any problem. In this study, a microstrip patch antenna has been analyzed by using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method which is the one of the most utilized technique in computational electromagnetics. Antenna has been fed through the Gaussian pulse from the microstrip line. Microstrip patch antenna has been designed as three layered structure which are ground, substrate and patch. Although the ground and patch layers have been selected as perfectly electric conductor (PEC), substrate layer has been selected as a dielectric material whose dielectric constant has been 4.4. Also, designed antenna has been surrounded by perfectly matched layer (PML). FDTD based investigations have been performed for 200, 400, 600 and 800 time steps, respectively. Results have showed that the electric field has radiated from the points of discontinuity of the investigated antenna and electric field radiation pattern of the antenna has been varied for each time step. As a part of this study, the antenna has been simulated through the commercial electromagnetic simulation software. In this way, both electric field radiation and reflection coefficient results have been obtained. Dimensions and electrical properties of antenna investigated through the FDTD method have also been defined for simulation studies. Simulation results have showed that the resonance frequency of the antenna has been observed at 5.077 GHz and 9.28 GHz. |
9,157 | Please write an abstract with title: 1973 IEEE international solid-state circuits conference, and key words: Awards. Abstract: Lists the recipients of Outstanding Contributed Pap r<,Awards/Citations 1973 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. |
9,158 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Autoencdoer Technology for Malware Feature Purification, and key words: Purification, Refining, Tools, Feature extraction, Malware, Data mining, Software engineering. Abstract: The emergence of malicious codes has increased exponentially due to the spread of malicious code creation tools with the development of the network, but there are limitations in response through the existing malicious code detection methods. In accordance with this situation, machine learning-based malicious code detection methods are developing, and in this paper, features are extracted by statically analyzing PE files for machine learning-based malicious code detection, and then malicious codes are detected through autoencoder. Research on how to extract features that represent better features is underway. This paper extracts 549 features consisting of information such as DLL/API that can be checked from PE files that are commonly used in malicious code analysis and compresses the data by storing data through SAE (Stacked AutoEncoder) among autoencoders. Was extracted to prove that it is very effective in providing excellent accuracy and shortening processing time. |
9,159 | Please write an abstract with title: Electroless plated Co-P tape for video tape recording, and key words: Video recording, Lamination, Laminates, Disk recording, Magnetic recording, Indium tin oxide, Transistors, Videoconference, Laboratories, Substrates. Abstract: Co-P thin film is promising as a high density recording medium. It has been used in magnetic drums and disks, but no report has been published on its use for a conventional VTR. Therefore, we have been studying its possible application to video tape. This paper introduces our experimental plated Co-P tape for a conventional home VTR. For additional details, see Digests of the 1972 Intermag Conference (available from IEEE Headquarters). |
9,160 | Please write an abstract with title: A universal resonant converter for equilibrium and nonequilibrium plasma discharges, and key words: Resonance, Plasma applications, Ignition, Inductors, Voltage, Atmospheric-pressure plasmas, Glow discharges, Plasma properties, Plasma stability, Electrodes. Abstract: This paper proposes a new system to ignite and to sustain a plasma discharge for different reactor configurations, using a single-series parallel high-frequency resonant converter. The different operation modes are analyzed, and their performance is verified in two applications: an equilibrium plasma discharge (electric arc) and a nonequilibrium plasma discharge (electric barrier at atmospheric pressure) with intensity current and voltage amplitude varying from 135 mA and 1050 V to 600 mA and 502 V, and operating the reactors at 60 Hz, 14 kHz, and 40 kHz. The principal features and results are remarked, such as its ease of adaptation to several regimes of discharge, by simply changing the operational frequency. |
9,161 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Cell Parameters on the State of Charge Estimation-An Electrochemical Simulation Study, and key words: Contact resistance, Electrochemical modelling, LiFePO4, Film resistance, Simulation. Abstract: Electrochemical modelling of Li-ion cells is a powerful tool to understand cell behaviour, including performance and life expectancy in detail for different applications, especially for EVs. In this work, an electrochemical model is used to simulate the cell features such as discharge voltage profile and corresponding temperature rise at different operating conditions. The simulated data can closely predict the cell performance like the voltage profile and the temperature rise for the commercially available LFP cell as studied here. |
9,162 | Please write an abstract with title: Regression-based Music Emotion Prediction using Triplet Neural Networks, and key words: Phase change materials, Neural networks, Support vector machines, Dimensionality reduction, Neurons, Task analysis, Principal component analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we adapt triplet neural networks (TNNs) to a regression task, music emotion prediction. Since TNNs were initially introduced for classification, and not for regression, we propose a mechanism that allows them to provide meaningful low dimensional representations for regression tasks. We then use these new representations as the input for regression algorithms such as support vector machines and gradient boosting machines. To demonstrate the TNNs' effectiveness at creating meaningful representations, we compare them to different dimensionality reduction methods on music emotion prediction, i.e., predicting valence and arousal values from musical audio signals. Our results on the DEAM dataset show that by using TNNs we achieve 90% feature dimensionality reduction with a 9% improvement in valence prediction and 4% improvement in arousal prediction with respect to our baseline models (without TNN). Our TNN method outperforms other dimensionality reduction methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and autoencoders (AE). This shows that, in addition to providing a compact latent space representation of audio features, the proposed approach achieves higher performance than the baseline models. |
9,163 | Please write an abstract with title: Pressureless and low temperature direct bonding on Si, SiC and GaN via Ag paste sinter-joining, and key words: Silicon carbide, Metallization, Silicon, Bonding, Surface treatment, Periodic structures, Microassembly. Abstract: Ag paste sinter-joining is an important connection method for die attach used for high-temperature applications. In this work, we report direct bonded Ag joints with Si, SiC and GaN by using Ag paste sinter-joining. The joints with no surface metallization are directly bonded via a sintered Ag flake paste. The shear strength of the Ag joint reaches a bonding strength of over 40 MPa under a pressureless, atmospheric sintering condition at 250°C. By investigating sintering properties of the Ag flake paste, cross section of Ag joints, and bonding interfaces, it is found that the direct bonding was mainly attributed to excellent sinter-ability of the Ag flake paste, which not only allowed to obtain a well sintered porous Ag structure but also wetting of sintered Ag on the bare surfaces. |
9,164 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamics of antiferromagnetic vortices in domain wall of yttrium orthoferrite, and key words: Antiferromagnetic materials, Yttrium, Temperature, Delay effects, Faraday effect, Lattices, Magnetic materials, Probes, Magnetooptic effects, Heating. Abstract: Summary form only given. Gyroscopic quasi-relativistic dynamics of antiferromagnetic vortices (AFMVs) in the domain wall (DW) of a thin plate of yttrium orthoferrite were investigated by the method of two-fold high-speed photography. The velocities of AFMVs - u were investigated as a function of the DW velocity - v . The u(v) dependence is strongly nonlinear with the maximal value u = 16 km/s at v = 12 km/s, which corresponds to full velocity equal to the limiting c = 20 km/s. After that the AFMV velocity starts to decrease and tends to zero as v /spl rarr/ c. The relationship u/sup 2/ + v/sup 2/ = c/sup 2/ takes place for v /spl ges/ 12 km/s. The full velocity of AFMV w was also studied as a function of the DW velocity u . The velocity w first rises and saturates on the velocity 20 km/s equal to the velocity of spin waves. |
9,165 | Please write an abstract with title: Decoupled Multimodel Predictive control for Discrete-Time Nonlinear Singularly Perturbed System, and key words: Simulation, Conferences, Predictive models, Aerospace electronics, Prediction algorithms, Nonlinear systems, Predictive control. Abstract: The present paper deals with a multimodel predictive control for discrete-time nonlinear singularly perturbed systems based on decoupled multimodel structure. For each local model a partial predictive control is synthesized. the weighted sum of these partial controls gives the global control law to be applied to the nonlinear singularly perturbed system. An algorithm is established to synthetisize the adequate multimodel predictive control which garantee to the system the closed-loop desired performances. Simulations results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed multimodel predictive control strategy. |
9,166 | Please write an abstract with title: QoS-based packet scheduling in wireless multimedia networks, and key words: Scheduling algorithm, Intelligent networks, Quality of service, Wireless networks, Telecommunication traffic, Multimedia systems, Wireless communication, Spread spectrum communication, Resource management, Chaotic communication. Abstract: Scheduling at packet level is one of the critical technologies in transporting multimedia traffic across wireless networks for providing quality of service (QoS) differentiation and guarantees. Also QoS support in wireless scheduling is dictated by the network architecture and service mode. Moreover, wireless communication poses special problems and difficulties that do not exist in wireline networks. This paper develops a self-organizing, multihop, mobile wireless network, which relies on a token passing access scheme for multimedia support. In the proposed network architecture, mobile nodes are grouped into clusters by QoS specifications and packet characteristics. The clusters are independently controlled, and are dynamically reconfigured as node move. Hence, the network is robust in the face of topological changes caused by node motion, node failure, and node insertion/removal. We model it as a discrete-time system with asymmetric exhaustive service policies by imbedding Markov chain, and apply qualitative and quantitative analysis to validate if the new strategy can provide service at a certain desired performance. Through simulations we show that this architecture provides an efficient, stable infrastructure for the integration of different types of traffic in a dynamic wireless networks. In addition, how the relative variable parameters effect on system characteristics is discussed and compared. |
9,167 | Please write an abstract with title: Response to "Comments on 'Formal methods application: an empirical tale of software development"', and key words: Application software, Problem-solving, Education, Fault diagnosis, Programming profession, Laboratories, Design for experiments, Software engineering, Software testing. Abstract: We respond to criticism by D. Berry and W. Tichy of our paper that appeared in the March 2002 issue of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. Many of the supposed faults they identify in our experiment are a result of a misunderstanding on their part, while others are inherent aspects of an educational experiment. We present counterarguments that explain why our experiment is valid. |
9,168 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating Energy Saving Potential and IAQ Improvement of an Environmental-Controlled Fan System for Residence during the COVID-19 Era, and key words: COVID-19, Fans, Energy consumption, Limiting, Pandemics, Buildings, Writing. Abstract: This paper presents an evaluation of the potential energy-saving and indoor air quality (IAQ) improvement when using an environmental-controlled fan without causing any thermal discomfort to residents in a tropical country (Malaysia). In the past year, countries enforced complete/partial lockdown to control the spreading of Covid-19, consequently increasing the time spent at home from approximately 63 % to 90 %. The mobility restrictions have contributed tremendously to limiting the spread of the pandemic but resulted in the increase of energy consumption in residential buildings and the decrease in indoor air quality. These unacceptable indoor air quality conditions and high energy consumption resulting from over-dependence on air conditioners, the absence of natural ventilation, and the minimal usage of ceiling fans have inspired the idea of using an environmental-controlled fan. The research was conducted in a master bedroom over a period of two weeks, where a volunteer was assumed to be sitting in a quiet position practicing an exercise with limited movements such as reading or writing with only a ceiling fan turned on. The investigation demonstrated how the reliance on a ceiling fan could reach as high as 75% with an energy-saving of 31.4 % under acceptable indoor air conditions without causing any uncomfortable thermal sensation. |
9,169 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of the DC Discharge Model of a Lithum-ion Battery Using the Potential Streaming Method and Scilab, and key words: Lithium-ion batteries, Analytical models, Conferences, Aging, Discharges (electric), Data models, Chemical processes. Abstract: High specific energy characteristics of lithiumion batteries are offset by their poor overcharge and overdischarge tolerance. This makes it necessary to continuously monitor the technical condition of the lithium-ion accumulators in the battery, as well as their balancing due to the difference in the characteristics. Solving the problems of monitoring and balancing in various operating modes requires a mathematical model. This article is devoted to obtaining a mathematical model by analyzing physical and chemical processes during the DC discharge mode of a lithium-ion battery. |
9,170 | Please write an abstract with title: A Quantitative Assessment of the Impact of Homogeneity in Personality Traits on Software Quality and Team Productivity, and key words: Software quality, Productivity, Software engineering, Programming profession, Human factors, Collaboration. Abstract: Software industry is increasingly focusing on the improvement of software quality and team performance to survive in a competitive and rapidly growing environment. Previous studies reveal the importance of social and human factors in software engineering. Despite the importance of these personality factors, only a handful of empirical studies have quantitatively evaluated the impact of personality traits on software quality and effectiveness of software engineering teams. This study quantifies the abstract notion of trait-wise team homogeneity based on the Five-Factor Model (FFM). Additionally, this study also aims to measure its impact on team productivity and software quality. Trait-wise team homogeneity measures the Team Homogeneity Index (THI) for each of the five personality traits of FFM. Therefore, five new metrics i.e. Openness THI (O-THI), Conscientiousness THI (C-THI), Extraversion THI (E-THI), Agreeableness THI (A-THI), and Neuroticism THI (N-THI) are proposed. The utility of these five metrics is evaluated by conducting experiments in academic and industrial environments for three different phases of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) i.e. analysis and design, implementation, and testing. During the analysis and design phase, it was observed that teams (composed of either students or professionals) with greater values of C-THI and A-THI produced better quality design models and teams with greater values of C-THI were more productive. In the implementation phase, teams with higher values of O-THI, C-THI, and E-THI were noticeably more productive and produced better quality code. For the testing phase, teams with greater values of C-THI and A-THI produced better quality test cases and were more productive. Results obtained so far indicate that the newly proposed five metrics – O-THI, C-THI, E-THI, A-THI, and N-THI – appear to have the potential to aid managers and academics alike in building productive teams which can produce better quality software. |
9,171 | Please write an abstract with title: Difficulties in Fair Performance Comparison of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms [Research Frontier], and key words: Social factors, Evolutionary computation, Robustness, Statistics, Optimization, Convergence. Abstract: The performance of a newly designed evolutionary algorithm is usually evaluated by computational experiments in comparison with existing algorithms. However, comparison results depend on experimental setting; thus, fair comparison is difficult. Fair comparison of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms is even more difficult since solution sets instead of solutions are evaluated. In this paper, the following four issues are discussed for fair comparison of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms: (i) termination condition, (ii) population size, (iii) performance indicators, and (iv) test problems. Whereas many other issues related to computational experiments such as the choice of a crossover operator and the specification of its probability can be discussed for each algorithm separately, all the above four issues should be addressed for all algorithms simultaneously. For each issue, its strong effects on comparison results are first clearly demonstrated. Then, the handling of each issue for fair comparison is discussed. Finally, future research topics related to each issue are suggested. |
9,172 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms in Dementia Classification Using Electroencephalogram Decomposition, and key words: Support vector machines, Training, Sensitivity, Empirical mode decomposition, Artificial neural networks, Machine learning, Feature extraction. Abstract: Dementia has significant social and economic impacts on direct medical, social, and informal care costs. An effective diagnostic method may provide an early diagnosis of the disease, giving a leeway to tackle the burden. This paper presents a performance comparison of five machine learning techniques for dementia classification based on a feature extraction method using cardinal-spline empirical mode decomposition (CS-EMD) of electroencephalogram (EEG). The comparison was validated using repeated k-fold cross-validation and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The top two classifiers are artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM), with no statistically significant difference in performance in terms of overall accuracy. The ANN and SVM achieved average classification accuracies of 93% and 88.42%, respectively, outperforming discriminant analysis, the K-nearest neighbors, and the naïve Bayes classifier in the repeated k-fold CV. Furthermore, the ANN classifier in a train/test split test produced higher accuracy and sensitivity rates, but lower specificity and precision than the SVM. The results show good potential for the CS-EMD-based features of EEG decomposition and machine learning classifiers, such as ANN and SVM, in dementia diagnostic applications. |
9,173 | Please write an abstract with title: Lagrange Vandermonde Division Multiplexing, and key words: Resource management, Transceivers, OFDM, Optimization, Signal to noise ratio, Receivers. Abstract: Next generation networks will support diverse use cases that require higher flexibility in the resource allocation. To this end, we propose a new waveform referred to as Lagrange Vandermonde division multiplexing (LVDM) that generalizes the zero padding orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ZP-OFDM) while guaranteeing the perfect recovery of the transmitted signal. The LVDM transceiver design relies on the signature roots that have been judiciously selected to 1) provide a flexible resource allocation and 2) keep the complexity low where one-tap equalization is adopted. Carrying out the simulations in both frequency selective and 3GPP channels, our proposed waveform outperforms the ZP-OFDM where performance results are shown in terms of bit error ratio (BER). The LVDM achieves a signal-to-noise ratio gain of 5 dB over the ZP-OFDM when applying the optimized power allocation over subcarriers. |
9,174 | Please write an abstract with title: Adequacy and Robustness Analysis of the Capacitive Moisture Meters' Static Function, and key words: Meters, Temperature measurement, Workability, Uncertainty, Moisture measurement, Moisture, Capacitance. Abstract: Moisture content takes a special place among food quality factors as a parameter that changes during the processes of storage and processing, and, in many cases, determines consumer properties of different food products. Modern grain moisture meters' uncertainty is restricted to not more than 3 % of relative full scale error. Main task of the research is to receive robust linear static function for the grain moisture meter with four capacitive sensors. Robustness of new static function had been checked with a help of dispersion analysis. It was possible to conclude that values of repeatability and adequacy dispersions for new linear static function are approximately three times smaller, so as F-test values are seven times smaller in comparison with initial static function of a moisture meter, what proves its' better robust properties. |
9,175 | Please write an abstract with title: Predicting sea ice conditions for marine operations in ice-covered waters, and key words: Sea ice, Predictive models, Production, Marine safety, Product safety, Transfer functions, Function approximation, Neural networks, Data mining, Testing. Abstract: Marine operations in ice-covered waters require reliable and timely information about the sea ice conditions. The Canadian Ice Service produces and distributes the ice information to mariners operating in the Canadian water in the form of daily ice charts. Unfortunately, however, due to the time difference between the production and the use of the ice charts, the ice information is always out of date, which endangers the safety of marine operations. To efficiently overcome this problem, a reliable model for predicting the sea ice conditions (concentrations) over time is developed. Inspecting the ice charts for the period 1987 to 1998 showed that the sea ice conditions change according to a regular pattern to some extent. Therefore, a neutral network function approximation system could model, and hence predict, these changes efficiently when trained using multiple-year ice concentrations readings. The data used in training the neural network are extracted from the ice charts for the Gulf of St. Lawrence in eastern Canada. The input to the network is a vector which represents the current ice concentrations over a test area containing 40 points. The input vector is mapped to an output vector that gives the predicted ice concentrations. |
9,176 | Please write an abstract with title: Research and Practice of Online Teaching System for Audio Reading Based on Streaming Media Technology, and key words: Epidemics, Distance learning, Wearable computers, Symbols, Educational technology, Streaming media, Media. Abstract: Streaming media technology transmits an uninterrupted stream of information from the producer to the end user in real time, with the original video or audio stream data, split into many packets for transmission, constantly transcending the technical limitations of the receiving terminal and the transmission pipeline to fully realise the instantaneous transmission of high-definition audio symbols. Streaming media technology has made audio books available to a wider range of audiences, and more and more people are reading and learning anytime and anywhere via smart phones. The shape of education will change in a smarter and more connected direction. This paper investigates the structure of streaming media systems, AAC coding technology and the storage structure of audio reading files, laying the foundation for the development of an online teaching system for audio reading based on streaming media technology, and promoting the development of mobile audio reading platforms in a service-oriented, virtualized and intelligent development trend. |
9,177 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiple magnetic image reflection in perpendicular recording, and key words: Perpendicular magnetic recording, Reflection, Magnetic recording, Magnetic flux, Magnetic separation, Magnetic flux leakage, Mirrors, Saturation magnetization, Magnetic heads, Magnetic force microscopy. Abstract: Three-dimensional modeling was performed to show that integration of a single-pole head with a relatively wide leading pole and a medium with a soft underlayer (SUL) gives rise to the field multiplication effect due to the "multiple image reflection" of the flux. generated in the hard-layer region located between the leading pole and the SUL. Magnetic force microscopy and spin-stand experiments were utilized to support the theory. |
9,178 | Please write an abstract with title: Quality Management System Implementation in The South African Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises, and key words: Technology management, Standards organizations, Decision making, Process control, Organizations, Tools, System implementation. Abstract: This study aims to measure the impact of implementing a Quality Management System (QMS) on Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa. The results of this study were achieved by developing a questionnaire and interview questions. This study used a mixed methods approach. A total of 15 business owners participated in the study. The research findings indicate that few business owners have implemented QMS in their businesses. Others have challenges in implementing QMS. This research also reveals that a successful QMS implementation in small and micro enterprises ensures wastage and cost reduction, exceeding customer expectations, and improved control of processes. The study further indicates that QMS can improve the relationship of SMEs with their customers and help with sound decision making. The importance of the study dwells in its ability to show, particularly from the South African SMEs' perspective, the impact and importance of implementing QMS. Future study should consider expanding the respondent pool to a national scale to look at what findings indicate from a national level. |
9,179 | Please write an abstract with title: A reference architecture and functional model for monitoring and diagnosis of large automated systems, and key words: Computerized monitoring, Manufacturing automation, Remote monitoring, Logistics, Virtual manufacturing, Competitive intelligence, Automatic control, Control systems, Materials handling, Fault diagnosis. Abstract: This research develops a reference architecture and functional model for intelligent monitoring and fault diagnosis of large complex automated systems in manufacturing and logistics. This reference architecture organises the monitoring and diagnosis functions in a modified hierarchical manner with multiple levels, and is therefore easily scalable to meet growing requirements of different application scenarios. The architecture is efficient as it allows problems to be quickly dealt with closer to their sources; therefore minimising intra-level data communication and messaging. Similarly the proposed functional model for monitoring and diagnosis unit can be adopted (i.e., scaled up or down) to suit the needs of the application, and indeed it fits well into the proposed reference architecture. A successful case of applying the proposed architecture and model is presented which serves to illustrate how they can be implemented in real-life to solve a class of monitoring and diagnosis problems for large automated systems typically found in manufacturing and logistics. |
9,180 | Please write an abstract with title: Applying ADM and OpenFlow to Build High Availability Networks, and key words: IP networks, Time measurement, Topology, Protocols, Optical switches. Abstract: This paper presents an application of using OpenFlow (OF) to build high availability networks. The approach comes from Add-Drop-Multiplexer (ADM) on the legacy SONET network. The use of ADM avoids the complexity of the MAC learning process and prevents broadcast storm in the loop topology. The proposed solution is demonstrated on Mininet with the POX controller and vSwitch. The observed failover time is within the GR-253 requirement of 50ms. We also compared the proposed approach to the fast failover group in the OF specification and showed its limitation in practical use. |
9,181 | Please write an abstract with title: Autonomous Bicycles: A New Approach To Bicycle-Sharing Systems, and key words: Bicycles, Urban areas, Wheels, Media, Autonomous vehicles, Prototypes, User experience. Abstract: In the current paradigm of rapid urban growth, it is critical to create new and innovative mobility solutions that ensure an efficient, inexpensive and reliable flow of people throughout the city. In this paper, we propose the implementation of autonomous driving technology to address some of the current challenges of bicycle-sharing systems. We also propose a solution to provide bicycles of the necessary lateral stability to drive autonomously. Under this view, a fleet of autonomous shared bicycles would work as a mobility-on-demand system: when a user requested a ride, the nearest available bike would drive autonomously to wherever they are. Then, the user would ride it like a regular bike, and upon arrival to the destination, the bike would leave autonomously again for the next user. Such a system would eliminate the need for rebalancing and docking stations, and the needed fleet size would be smaller than in current station-based and dockless systems. In addition, it would solve the difficulty of finding available bicycles or docks and eliminate walking distance, improving the user experience and incentivizing its use. |
9,182 | Please write an abstract with title: 60 Watt Doherty amplifiers using high gain 2-stage hybrid amplifier modules, and key words: Microwave amplifiers, Radiofrequency amplifiers, Power amplifiers, Thick film circuits, Radio frequency, Copper, Microwave transistors, Gain, Microwave devices, Electromagnetic heating. Abstract: A Doherty amplifier has been constructed using small surface-mount 2-stage 30 W hybrid amplifier modules. These modules offer higher gain and simpler matching than do discrete transistors. This 26 dB gain Doherty amplifier uses a conventional 2-way topology, with class AB "main" branch and class C "peaking" branch output stages. A 3GPP 2-WCDMA signal output level of 10 Watts is achieved with 26.4% efficiency and < -40 dBc ACLR and -38 dBc IM3s. When augmented by pre-distortion, 12.5 Watts of 2-WCDMA signal output is produced with < -51 dBc ACLR and -54 dBc IM3s, with 26.8 % efficiency. |
9,183 | Please write an abstract with title: ECG Signal Noises Versus Filters for Signal Quality Improvement, and key words: Heart, Noise reduction, Electrocardiography, Software, Signal to noise ratio, Diseases, Matlab. Abstract: One of the major diseases that cannot predict at the right time and lead to instantaneous death among humans is heart disease. Heart-related problems can be identified and detected using Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals obtained from the human body. So, the importance of analyzing and classifying the ECG data is high because several medical industries are focusing on this problem. Since ECG data is continuous, voluminous, and extracted from the ECG signal, pulling more and all the features are essential. In various traditional methods, the accuracy is less, and decision-making based on the features may fail. Decision making or classification accuracy is entirely depending on the ECG signal quality. The signal quality is improved by pre-processing the input signals, and it is explained in this paper. This paper presents various noises that affect the ECG signal quality and the reason for the noises. Filtering the noise components is a highly challenging problem. Different filtering methods can do it are implemented to remove the noise from the ECG data. The performance of the filters is evaluated by calculating Signal-to-noise-ratios (SNR) and compared with one another. The experiment is carried out on MATLAB software, and the comparison results are given in the paper. |
9,184 | Please write an abstract with title: On identification of non-linear two-channel Hammerstein systems, and key words: Kernel, Convergence, Nonlinear systems, Polynomials, System identification, Linear systems, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Sandwich structures, Training data, Parametric statistics. Abstract: This paper deals with the problem of reconstruction of nonlinearities in a certain class of nonlinear dynamical systems of the multi-channel form. Each channel of the system has a nonlinearity in series connection with a linear time-invariant system. Such a model is often referred to as the Hammerstein system. The a priori information about the system nonlinearities is very limited, excluding any parametric approach to the problem. The modern statistical theory of nonparametric regression along with the marginal integration approach are applied to form estimates of the nonlinearities. In particular, kernel regression techniques are used to construct the identification algorithms. The proposed estimates are able to decouple the estimation problem related to each channel. This is a surprising result since the input signals are dependent with completely unknown joint probability density function. Pointwise convergence properties of the proposed estimation procedures are established and convergence rates are evaluated. Computer simulations are included to verify the theory. |
9,185 | Please write an abstract with title: Cybersecurity in the Blockchain Era : A Survey on Examining Critical Infrastructure Protection with Blockchain-Based Technology, and key words: Critical infrastructure, Sociology, Statistics, Computer hacking. Abstract: Cybercriminals and nation-state hackers are investing heavily in strategies devised to disrupt critical infrastructure systems. Nearly one out of two Industrial Control System (ICS) computers in the energy sector had been impacted by malicious cyber activity in 2018. With threats increasing and attack vectors expanding, critical infrastructure sectors like energy need to implement innovative technology to ensure Critical Infrastructure Protection. This study reviewed blockchain research published between 2015 and 2019 in order to examine the development of blockchain, evaluate current applications of blockchain in the energy sector, and propose additional opportunities for the application of blockchain technology. Quantitative analysis revealed that blockchain-based cybersecurity research and application in the energy sector is increasing at an annual average growth rate of 169% since 2015 with intensified focus on Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Grid infrastructures. Computed projections forecast a continued increase in the research and application of IoT and Smart Grids. Calculations indicate that nearly 50% of the new research will be in blockchain-based cybersecurity solutions such as cryptographic communications and secure email. Qualitative analysis indicates potential for blockchain- based cybersecurity solutions to provide enhanced Critical Infrastructure Protection in those sectors against pervasive phishing and social engineering threats. |
9,186 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance analysis for the modified excitation system of synchronous machine connected to HVDC system, and key words: Performance analysis, Synchronous machines, HVDC transmission, Transient analysis, Choppers, Voltage control, Capacitors, Power supplies, Reactive power, Stress. Abstract: This paper analyses the transient performance of the modified excitation system using 4-quadrant chopper for a synchronous machine connected to HVDC system. Conventionally, capacitors are used to supply reactive power requirement at a strong converter bus. And the installation of a synchronous machine is essential in an isolated weak network to re-start after a shutdown of HVDC and to increase the system strength. However, a conventional static excitation system has some problems which are harmonic instability and the system stress due to overvoltage. To reduce these problems, the new excitation system, which has 4-quadrant chopper, is proposed. As the proposed system provides the capability to allow reverse current and isolate between AC network and excitation power, problems of overvoltage and harmonic instability can be solved. The investigation is performed and confirmed by the time domain digital simulation using PSCAD/EMTDC program. |
9,187 | Please write an abstract with title: The Analytical Solution of the Clever Eye (CE) Method, and key words: Object detection, Optimization, Mathematical model, Detectors, Covariance matrices, Minimization, Correlation. Abstract: As one of the most important algorithms in target detection, constrained energy minimization (CEM) has been widely used and developed in recent years. However, it is easy to verify that the target detection result of CEM varies with the data origin, which is apparently unreasonable since the distribution of the target of interest is objective and, therefore, unrelated to the selection of data origin. The clever eye (CE) algorithm tries to solve this problem by adding the data origin as a new variable from the perspective of the filter output energy. However, due to the nonconvexity of the objective function, CE can only obtain locally optimal solutions by using the gradient ascent method. In this article, we find a striking conclusion that there exists an analytical solution for CE that corresponds to the solution of a linear equation and further prove that all the solutions of the linear equation are globally optimal. |
9,188 | Please write an abstract with title: Feature extraction in epilepsy using a cellular neural network based device - first results, and key words: Feature extraction, Epilepsy, Cellular neural networks, Bioelectric phenomena, Humans, Cellular networks, Biological neural networks, Neural networks, Circuits and systems, Detection algorithms. Abstract: In this paper, the bioelectrical activity of a human brain in epilepsy is analyzed using a cellular neural network-universal machine (CNN-UM) proposed by T. Roska and L.O. Chua (IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems II, vol. 40, pp. 163-173, 1993). Therefore a feature extraction method based on binary input-output patterns and Boolean CNN with linear weight functions called pattern detection algorithm (R. Tetzlaff et al, IEEE Int. Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and Their Appl., pp. 259-266, 2002) is used. First results of a hardware application with a CNN-UM realized as a mixed-mode array processor (M. Laiho et al, Int. J. Circuit Theory and Appl., pp. 165-180, 2002) are presented. |
9,189 | Please write an abstract with title: Resilient Routing for SDM-EON as a Crucial Enabler for the 5G Access Networks, and key words: Performance evaluation, 5G mobile communication, Software algorithms, Optical fiber networks, Routing, Topology, Space division multiplexing. Abstract: Due to the rapid growth of traffic supported by the 5th generation of mobile communication systems (5G) networks on the Internet backbone, concepts such as space-division mul-tiplexing elastic optical networks have gained prominence as a possible solution to the future scarcity of resources. Considering the growing volume of data that the core of the network can transport simultaneously, the resilience of these networks becomes increasingly indispensable. This paper proposes a routing and resource allocation algorithm for space-division multiplexing elastic optical networks (for 5G scenarios), which has a traffic priority-aware protection mechanism and uses preemption to save protection resources, enabling a wide variety of 5G services, new verticals, and a rich set of use cases. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in establishing connections with high priority concerning similar algorithms in the literature, reducing the probability of bandwidth blocking by up to 17 % for this type of traffic. |
9,190 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Rolling Horizon Scheduling of Waterborne AGVs for Inter Terminal Transportation: Mathematical Modeling and Heuristic Solution, and key words: Vehicle dynamics, Dynamic scheduling, Containers, Seaports, Search problems, Routing, Mathematical model. Abstract: The demand for transport between terminals within port areas, known as inter terminal transportation (ITT), is increasing. This paper proposes a dynamic rolling horizon scheduling strategy for ITT using a fleet of waterborne Autonomous Guided Vessels (waterborne AGVs). The strategy is dynamic in that it can handle dynamically arriving ITT requests. Every certain period of time, transport schedules are updated according to the current vessel states, dynamic waterway transport network, and ITT requests over a future time horizon. Specifically, the dynamic scheduling problem is mathematically modeled in a rolling horizon fashion considering time windows of ITT requests, capacity limits of waterborne AGVs and load/unload service times at terminals. Considering the computational complexity for possible large scale ITT scenarios, we further propose an efficient solution approach based on improved insertion, tabu search and restart heuristics. Initial routes are first constructed by inserting new ITT requests into the previously computed routes in the rolling horizon framework. Tabu search with two types of neighborhoods are then designed to improve the initial routes. Moreover, a select-remove-insert restart procedure is activated to diversify the search space whenever necessary. A waterborne ITT network in the port of Rotterdam is considered. Comprehensive simulations based on realistic ITT dataset are run to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic scheduling strategy. This work could be readily used to build towards a fully autonomous waterborne ITT system. Insights that support long term strategical decisions, such as the fleet size, could also be gained from the simulations. |
9,191 | Please write an abstract with title: Effects of in-plane field on domain wall dynamics in amorphous GdCo magnetic films, and key words: Magnetic domain walls, Amorphous materials, Magnetic films, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Pulse measurements, Sputtering, Temperature, Magnetic hysteresis, Magnetic field measurement, Coercive force. Abstract: Previously we reported the dynamics of an isolated straight domain wall near the compensation point in amorphous GdCo and GdCoAu films prepared by rf-sputtering. Nonlinear dependence of the wall velocity on drive field is observed. Here we describe the effects of externally applied in-plane field and in-plane anisotropy of the film on domain wall dynamics in amorphous GdCo magnetic films. The wall whose plane is perpendicular to the in-plane easy axis shows higher velocity and smaller wall motion coercive force compared with the wall whose plane is parallel to the in-plane easy axis. The domain wall velocity depends on the directions of pulse magnetic field and external in-plane field. The effects of external in-plane field in low field region are different from those in high field region. |
9,192 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy Sets in Problems of Identification of Attacks on Wireless Sensor Networks, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Uncertainty, Linguistics, Security, Reliability, Object recognition, Internet of Things. Abstract: The article discusses an approach to describing and identifying signs of computer attacks on wireless sensor networks. The approach is based on a method for solving problems of identifying objects and processes in the conditions of fuzziness of their observable features. The method is focused on eliminating fuzziness (as one of the types of uncertainty) in identifying multistage attacks on networks of this class. It is based on the use of fuzzy and linguistic variables when processing fuzzy knowledge about the characteristics of potential attacks. This makes it possible to increase the reliability (objectivity) of the security control of modern systems and networks of the Internet of Things, where the advantages of wireless sensor networks have found unconditional application. |
9,193 | Please write an abstract with title: Tracking of multiple moving speakers with multiple microphone arrays, and key words: Microphone arrays, Loudspeakers, Acoustic measurements, Fuses, Delay estimation, Yield estimation, Measurement uncertainty, Delay effects, Kinematics, Area measurement. Abstract: In this paper we use multiple microphone arrays to fuse the location estimate from each microphone array which yields an improved estimate of the positions and velocities of multiple, simultaneously active, moving speakers based on time delay of arrivals (TDOAs). Our approach: 1) incorporates kinematic information of moving speakers by using an interacting multiple model (IMM) estimator for each speaker in order to constrain the evolution of the location measurements; 2) fuses the location estimates of the same speaker from multiple microphone arrays for better acoustical coverage of the sensed environment, and 3) directly accounts for the measurement origin uncertainty, i.e., which measurement comes from which speaker by using the probabilistic data association (PDA) technique with the IMM estimator. We demonstrate that a network of arrays combined with the estimation technique widely used in multisensor multitarget tracking area provides a consistent and coherent way to reduce the uncertainty and ambiguity of measurements. The effectiveness of our approach is illustrated by extensive simulation study on tracking a single moving speaker and two closely-spaced speakers with a crossing segment in their trajectories. |
9,194 | Please write an abstract with title: Effective close-range accuracy comparison of Microsoft HoloLens Generation one and two using Vuforia ImageTargets, and key words: Performance evaluation, Three-dimensional displays, Software packages, Conferences, Software algorithms, Surgery, Transforms. Abstract: This paper analyzes the effective accuracy for close-range operations for the first and the second generation of Microsoft HoloLens in combination with Vuforia Image Targets in a black-box approach. The implementation of Augmented Reality (AR) on optical see-through (OST), head-mounted devices (HMDs) has been proven viable for a variety of tasks, such as assembly, maintenance, or educational purposes. For most of these applications, minor localization errors are tolerated since no accurate alignment between the artificial and the real parts is required. For other potential applications, these accuracy errors represent a major obstacle. The "realistically achievable" accuracy remains largely unknown for close-range usages (e.g. within "arms-reach" of a user) for both generations of Microsoft HoloLens. Thus, the authors developed a method to benchmark and compare the applicability of these devices for tasks that demand a higher accuracy like composite manufacturing or medical surgery assistance. Furthermore, the method can be used for a broad variety of devices, establishing a platform for bench-marking and comparing these and future devices. This paper analyzes the performance of test users, which were asked to pinpoint the perceived location of holographic cones. The image recognition software package "Vuforia" was used to determine the spatial transform of the predefined ImageTarget. By comparing the user-markings with the algorithmic locations, a mean deviation of 2.59 ±1.79 [mm] (HL 1) and 1.11 ±0.98 [mm] (HL 2) has been found, which means that the mean accuracy improved by 57.1% and precision by 45.4%. The highest mean accuracy of a single test user has been measured with 0.47 ±1.683 [mm] (HL 1) and 0.085 ± 0.567 [mm] (HL 2). |
9,195 | Please write an abstract with title: Intrinsic sensitivity of Cd/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/Te semiconductors for digital radiographic imaging, and key words: Zinc, Tellurium, Radiography, X-ray imaging, X-ray detection, X-ray detectors, Optical imaging, Image sensors, Biomedical optical imaging, Optical sensors. Abstract: The intrinsic sensitivity of cadmium zinc telluride (Cd/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/Te) semiconductor detectors has been experimentally measured, within the X-ray diagnostic energy range. The results of this study indicate that the intrinsic efficiency of Cd/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/Te can be increased by optimizing geometrical and physical detection parameters such as X-ray irradiation geometry, detector thickness, and applied electric field. These results indicate that Cd/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/Te is a suitable candidate for digital imaging applications. |
9,196 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental Development of Simulated Biomaterials for Dosimetry Studies of Hazardous Microwave Radiation (Short Papers), and key words: Dosimetry, Electromagnetic heating, Frequency, Microwave ovens, Humans, Biological materials, Imaging phantoms, Dielectric measurements, Dielectric materials, Microwave devices. Abstract: Simulated biotissues have been developed which are appropriate for dosimetry studies at X-band frequencies and for S-band modeling experiments which would use miniature phantoms at X-band frequencies. A short-circuited waveguide system has been built and tested for the precise measurement of the dielectric properties of the simulated tissue. Modifications of composition for varying the dielectric properties over a wide range have been found. The specific heats of the materials have been measured and are approximately the same as the tissues they represent. |
9,197 | Please write an abstract with title: Prototyping of a rotary/linear ultrasonic motor, and key words: Prototypes, Resonance, Piezoelectric materials, Shafts, Frequency, Design engineering, Rotors, Finite element methods, Vibrations, AC motors. Abstract: The object of this research is to design and prototype a linear/rotary ultrasonic motor based upon multi-mode resonance behaviors for a piezoelectrically excited driver structure system. The whole ultrasonic motor system includes a pair of piezoactuator-equipped driver rods, a linear/rotary driven shaft, and a set of high-voltage power stages for energizing the piezoelectric stacks. The linear/rotary ultrasonic motor operating principle basically employs excited resonant modes of the driver structure as applying selected AC frequencies on the equipped piezostacks. Therefore, the prescribed combinational resonant modes of the driver structure result in the driven shaft operating in linear or rotary motions. |
9,198 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation method of nonlinear customer harmonic emission level based on correlation vector machine, and key words: Support vector machines, Wireless communication, Correlation, Power cables, Power system harmonics, Harmonic analysis, Power grids. Abstract: A high cable ratio of urban distribution network is easy to cause the problem of harmonic resonance. Nonlinear customers inject harmonics into the power grid in operation, resulting in harmonic issues. This study proposes a method of harmonic emission level based on correlation vector machine regression. Firstly, the Norton equivalent circuit of customer is established. The harmonic impedance at the system side is obtained via the correlation vector machine regression model utilizing the metrical data of the common connection point as the input vector, and the harmonic emission level of nonlinear customers is then estimated. The proposed method overcomes the problems of support vector machine method, kernel function must meet Mercer condition, and parameters are difficult to determine. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation analysis. |
9,199 | Please write an abstract with title: Channel estimation for wireless communications using space-time block coding techniques, and key words: Channel estimation, Wireless communication, Block codes, Transmitting antennas, Receiving antennas, Slot antennas, Parameter estimation, Space time codes, Receivers, Radio link. Abstract: This paper presents a method of estimating channel parameters in wireless communications using space-time block coding (STBC). After reviewing the concept of STBC, the system model of radio communication with STBC is described and the estimation method is derived. System performances have been simulated using MATLAB. The results of the simulations show that the proposed algorithm of channel estimation is practical and effective as there is only a small discrepancy between the performances using the estimated and known channel parameters. |
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