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9,000 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Digital Notch Filters, and key words: Digital filters, Frequency, Transfer functions, Bandwidth, Roundoff errors, Computer simulation, Design methodology, Speech processing, Image processing, Sonar. Abstract: It is shown that a second-order digital notch filter is uniquely characterized by two distinct parameters, the notch frequency and the 3-dB rejection bandwidth. As a result, such a filter can be realized using only two multipliers. Methods are outlined to design a notch filter for a prescribed notch frequency and a prescribed 3-dB rejection bandwidth, along with procedures for postdesign adjustment of these parameters. All two-multiplier, canonic and noncanonic, notch filter configurations are developed using the multiplier extraction approach. These networks are then compared with regard to the effect of internal multiplication roundoff errors. Results of computer simulation of the notch filter configurations are also included. |
9,001 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning to Segment 3D Point Clouds in 2D Image Space, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Two dimensional displays, Image segmentation, Laser radar, Feature extraction, Layout, Image representation. Abstract: In contrast to the literature where local patterns in 3D point clouds are captured by customized convolutional operators, in this paper we study the problem of how to effectively and efficiently project such point clouds into a 2D image space so that traditional 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) such as U-Net can be applied for segmentation. To this end, we are motivated by graph drawing and reformulate it as an integer programming problem to learn the topology-preserving graph-to-grid mapping for each individual point cloud. To accelerate the computation in practice, we further propose a novel hierarchical approximate algorithm. With the help of the Delaunay triangulation for graph construction from point clouds and a multi-scale U-Net for segmentation, we manage to demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance on ShapeNet and PartNet, respectively, with significant improvement over the literature. Code is available at https://github.com/Zhang-VISLab. |
9,002 | Please write an abstract with title: Outdoor Channel Modeling at D-Band Frequencies for Future Fixed Wireless Access Applications, and key words: Antenna measurements, Loss measurement, Frequency measurement, Directive antennas, Distance measurement, Antennas, Transmitting antennas. Abstract: Fixed wireless access networks at millimeter wave frequencies enable an alternative to fiber-optic installations for providing high-throughput Internet connectivity. In this letter, we present outdoor channel measurements at D-band frequencies ranging from 120 GHz to 165 GHz, contributing to the design of future fixed wireless access networks. We measure angular path loss (PL) for both Line-of-Sight (LOS) and non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) scenarios and calculate angular spread. We also measure building reflection loss for different angles and building facades. Directional LOS PL equals free-space PL, whereas omnidirectional PL is slightly lower. The angular spread of the LOS measurements is 19.7°. The omnidirectional NLOS PL model has a higher PL and the angular spread increases to 54.4°. Losses up to 11 dB should be taken into account for reflection on a fiber cement or building brick facade. and up to 15.6 dB and 18.5 dB for roughcast and stone bricks. Even though wireless communication via the direct path is preferred, reflected paths can enable high-throughput wireless communication if the direct path is obstructed. |
9,003 | Please write an abstract with title: A multi-modal approach to selective interaction in assistive domains, and key words: Human robot interaction, Rehabilitation robotics, Mobile robots, Speech recognition, Educational robots, Laboratories, Human computer interaction, Educational institutions, Natural languages, Medical services. Abstract: Human-robot interaction (HRI) is an important area of robotics research; it is related to human-computer interaction (HCI), but contains a key difference: HRI allows embodied systems to utilize physical context and mobility. Most current HRI systems, however, do not yet utilize mobility for interactive purposes. In this paper, we describe the design and evaluation of a robot system aimed at embodied HRI communication. In it, the robot selects a target for interaction based on the perceived desire of human subjects to interact with it. We use an interaction policy inspired by joint intention theory to shape the interaction between the users and the robot. One of the intended purposes of the system is for use in crowded classrooms for selecting students most desirous of interaction and help. |
9,004 | Please write an abstract with title: Attention-Based and Staged Iterative Networks for Pansharpening of Remote Sensing Images, and key words: Feature extraction, Pansharpening, Image reconstruction, Remote sensing, Iterative methods, Deep learning, Spatial resolution. Abstract: The pansharpening method combines complementary features from panchromatic (PAN) images and multispectral (MS) images to provide high-resolution MS images. Therefore, how to extract the features completely and reconstruct the image with high quality is the key link to obtain the ideal fusion image. We propose an attention-based and staged iterative network (ASIN) framework, which considers each subnetwork of the iterative network as a multistage process of pansharpening and carries out feature extraction and image reconstruction in each stage. Using the advantages of an iterative network for cross-stage depth features for the hierarchical extraction of refined features of MS images and PAN images for image reconstruction, we use the large kernel attention (LKA) module and the cascaded asymmetric coupling representation module to build the framework for feature extraction and the attention fusion module (AFM) to fuse the features of PAN and MS in the image reconstruction stage. LKA has channel and spatial adaptability, as well as strong long-range dependency establishment capability, which makes the feature extraction more complete. Asymmetric coupled representation module (ACRM) outputs refined spectral and spatial features by learning the hybrid correlation of MS and PAN images. AFM effectively utilizes the spectral and spatial features of the input, enabling the network to reduce information loss and retain important information. On the QuickBird (QB), WorldView-2 (WV2), and Gaofen-2 (GF-2) datasets, the superior performance of our method over the contrasting methods is demonstrated by quantitative comparison and qualitative analysis. |
9,005 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Discriminative Representation: Multi-view Trajectory Contrastive Learning for Online Multi-object Tracking, and key words: Representation learning, Measurement, Bridges, Computer vision, Target tracking, Costs, Feature extraction. Abstract: Discriminative representation is crucial for the association step in multi-object tracking. Recent work mainly utilizes features in single or neighboring frames for constructing metric loss and empowering networks to extract representation of targets. Although this strategy is effective, it fails to fully exploit the information contained in a whole trajectory. To this end, we propose a strategy, namely multi-view trajectory contrastive learning, in which each trajectory is represented as a center vector. By maintaining all the vectors in a dynamically updated memory bank, a trajectory-level contrastive loss is devised to explore the inter-frame information in the whole trajectories. Besides, in this strategy, each target is represented as multiple adaptively selected keypoints rather than a pre-defined anchor or center. This design allows the network to generate richer representation from multiple views of the same target, which can better characterize occluded objects. Additionally, in the inference stage, a similarity-guided feature fusion strategy is developed for further boosting the quality of the trajectory representation. Extensive experiments have been conducted on MOTChallenge to verify the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. The experimental results indicate that our method has surpassed preceding trackers and established new state-of-the-art performance. |
9,006 | Please write an abstract with title: Surface potential mapping of an argon lamp during electrical breakdown, and key words: Argon, Lamps, Electric breakdown, Surface discharges, Electrostatic measurements, Electric variables measurement, Electron tubes, Probes, Electric potential, Cathodes. Abstract: In this paper, we present measurements related to the early stages of electrical breakdown occurring in a low-pressure argon straight discharge tube. A capacitive probe was used to retrieve the evolution of the lamp electrostatic potential over time and space. The potential and calculated electric field, displayed in space-time diagrams, show that a region of strong potential gradient propagates from the cathode toward the anode and then backward. This is followed by a homogenization of the electric field in the inter-electrode space. |
9,007 | Please write an abstract with title: Faster Light Detection Algorithm of Traffic Signs Based on YOLOv5s-A2, and key words: Signal analysis, Feature extraction, Vehicles, Data augmentation, Convolutional neural networks, Real-time systems, Road traffic, Traffic control. Abstract: Traffic sign recognition systems have been applied to advanced driving assistance and automatic driving systems to help drivers obtain important road information accurately. The current mainstream detection methods have high accuracy in this task, but the number of model parameters is large, and the detection speed is slow. Based on YOLOv5s as the basic framework, this paper proposes YOLOv5S-A2, which can improve the detection speed and reduce the model size at the cost of reducing the detection accuracy. Firstly, a data augmentation strategy is proposed by combining various operations to alleviate the problem of unbalanced class instances. Secondly, we proposed a path aggregation module for Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) to make new horizontal connections. It can enhance multi-scale feature representation capability and compensate for the loss of feature information. Thirdly, an attention detection head module is proposed to solve the aliasing effect in cross-scale fusion and enhance the representation of predictive features. Experiments on Tsinghua-Tencent 100K dataset (TT100K) show that our method can achieve more remarkable performance improvement and faster inference speed than other advanced technologies. Our method achieves 87.3% mean average precision (mAP), surpassing the original model’s 7.9%, and the frames per second (FPS) value is maintained at 87.7. To show generality, we tested it on the German Traffic Sign Detection Benchmark (GTSDB) without tuning and obtained an average precision of 94.1%, and the FPS value is maintained at about 105.3. In addition, the number of YOLOv5s-A2 parameters is about 7.9 M. |
9,008 | Please write an abstract with title: Remote Sensing Image Registration based on Attention and Residual Network, and key words: Image registration, Correlation, Target recognition, Feature extraction, Remote sensing, Unsupervised learning, Residual neural networks. Abstract: Multi-view remote sensing registration has important applications in ground target recognition, image aided navigation, missile image guidance and so on. In order to improve the registration accuracy of remote sensing image with change of view angle, a registration method combining attention mechanism and residual network is proposed. The residual network is used as the backbone structure of feature extraction to improve the abstract ability of the model for complex features. At the same time, the attention mechanism based on channel and spatial is introduced into the feature extraction network to improve the distinguish and location ability of the model to image features. Finally, in the feature matching stage, a mutual correlation operation that improve the performance of feature matching is proposed. Compared with the comparison method, the registration accuracy is improved by 10% on average, Experiments show that this method improves the accuracy of multi view remote sensing image registration. |
9,009 | Please write an abstract with title: Advancing Power Electronics Reliability [White Hot], and key words: Power systems reliability. Abstract: In the last few years I have noticed more and more papers addressing power electronics and reliability. These papers are, as I have noticed, all coming from academia. Now there is even a university re - search center focused on power electronics reliability — the Center Of Reliable Power Electronics (CORPE) at the University of Aalborg in Denmark. I admit that I have been a bit put off by this. As someone who has spent his entire career in industry, my reaction has been "What do these university folks think they know about reliability that industry has not already solved?" The author concludes that he is now glad to see university research on power electronics reliability even though I suspect industry is actually way ahead but unable to publish their results due to business confidentiality needs. Anything that can help move us ahead is welcome. As power electronics becomes more and more central to our lives, reliability, service life, and availability will become increasingly important. While we can never achieve perfect reliability and availability, we can strive to make our semiconductor based power electronics as reliable and long lived as the copper and iron based electronics they will be replacing. |
9,010 | Please write an abstract with title: Teager energy based blood cell segmentation, and key words: Cells (biology), Image segmentation, White blood cells, Filtering, Morphology, Digital signal processing, Image edge detection, Filters, Power engineering and energy, Histograms. Abstract: A new method for fast and simple segmentation of peripheral blood smears using the Teager energy operator (TEO) is presented. The two-part algorithm efficiently segments leucocytes present in the smear into nucleus and cytoplasm. The local mean weighted high pass filtering property of the Teager energy operator is used to identify and distinguish the nucleus of white blood cells. Cytoplasm present in the white blood cells is segmented using selective mathematical morphology. Experimental results are shown for a blood smear containing multiple nuclei. It was observed that modified histogram developed using the TEO can efficiently segment even multiple nuclei. Experiments have been conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed segmentation scheme for all the major types of leucocytes. Simulation results have shown that our algorithm segments nuclei effectively even at low percentage of impulse noise. |
9,011 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Multi-time Scale Electromagnetic Transient Parallel Computation Algorithm, and key words: Computational modeling, Mathematical model, Integrated circuit modeling, Power transmission lines, Analytical models, Power systems, Computational efficiency. Abstract: In this paper, a multi-time scale electromagnetic transient simulation algorithm based on transmission line model was proposed. Two subsystems separated by the transmission line adopted two different simulation step sizes. The results calculated from the small-step subsystem were transmitted to the large-step subsystem after employing the sampling theorem. And the results calculated from the large-step subsystem were transmitted to the small-step subsystem by means of the zero-order hold. Thus, the electromagnetic transient simulation with multiple time scales could be completed. By comparing and analyzing the results of synchronous parallel and asynchronous parallel simulation, the reliability of the proposed multi-time scale electromagnetic transient parallel simulation algorithm was verified. The algorithm proposed provides an effective solution to solve the problem of electromagnetic transient asynchronous parallel simulation. |
9,012 | Please write an abstract with title: Angular Superresolution of Real Aperture Radar Using Online Detect-Before-Reconstruct Framework, and key words: Superresolution, Radar antennas, Radar, Radar imaging, Complexity theory, Azimuth, Apertures. Abstract: Superresolution methods can be applied to real aperture radar (RAR) to improve its angular resolution by solving an inverse problem. However, traditional superresolution methods are achieved after batch data collection, which requires extensive operational complexity and storage space. To solve this problem for RAR, an online detect-before-reconstruct (DBR) framework is proposed in this article based on the sparse property of targets. First, along the range direction, each sample of the echo data is detected to reduce the computational complexity by reducing the dimension of the effective data. Second, along the azimuth direction, a data-adaptive online processing structure is proposed to reduce the storage requirement for the angular superresolution problem. Finally, within the online processing structure, a target data-adaptive updating strategy is proposed to reduce the number of iterations for each target grid. The online DBR-based framework can effectively reduce the operational complexity caused by the noise values of the echo data. Based on the proposed online processing structure, the storage requirement and the operational complexity of the angular superresolution for an RAR system can be greatly reduced without significant reconstruction performance loss. The results of simulations and experimental data verify the proposed framework. |
9,013 | Please write an abstract with title: A Lung Cancer Detection System Based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Natural Language Processing, and key words: Seminars, Malignant tumors, Stacking, Lung cancer, Medical services, Radiology, Chatbots. Abstract: Lung Cancer has long been regarded as one of the most threatened diseases to human beings, and detecting early malignant tumors is of vital importance for treatment. Contemporarily, Radiology departments in hospitals usually have to deal with multiple CT images to carry out the detection, which is a huge workload for doctors. Here, we propose a novel system to help with lung cancer detection. Specifically, deep feature based convolutional neural networks (CNN) is applied to classify lung cancer tumors, realizing an accuracy of 88%. Moreover, a chatbot based on natural language processing (NLP) technology is embedded into the system to provide immediate knowledge and information. These results shed light on how doctors’ workload might be reduced to a considerable extent. |
9,014 | Please write an abstract with title: A bit serial LDI recursive digital filter, and key words: Digital filters, Circuit simulation, Silicon compiler, Integrated circuit yield, Transfer functions, Integrated circuit synthesis, Signal synthesis, Fourier transforms, Clocks, Flow graphs. Abstract: The practical implementation of a bit serial lossless discrete integrator (LDI)[1] recursive ladder filter suitable for implementation as a single integrated circuit is described. The low coefficient sensitivity and simplicity of the LDI signal flowgraph make the filter structure suitable for implementing high quality digital filters. A bit serial integrated circuit filter has been designed and simulated using the silicon compiler system FIRST[2,3]. The LDI filter coefficients which yield a Chebyscheff transfer function characteristic are found using an exact synthesis method[4]. The finite precision time domain response of the filter is simulated using the FIRST simulator and the magnitude response is verified by calculating the fourier transform of the filter unit sample response. The LDI filter implementation makes use of an alternate clocking scheme which simplifies the signal flow graph. This is a form of multiplexing which is easily implemented using bit serial arithmetic. |
9,015 | Please write an abstract with title: Context awareness in Amit, and key words: Context awareness, Runtime, Event detection, History, Databases, Customer relationship management, Collaborative software, Collaborative work, Prototypes, Power system management. Abstract: This paper presents the context awareness capabilities of Amit. Amit is a tool that includes both a language and an efficient run-time execution mechanism, aimed at reducing the complexity of active applications. It follows the observation that in many cases, there is a gap between current tools that enable to react to a single event (following the ECA: Event-Condition-Action paradigm), and the reality, in which reaction is relevant only in certain contexts in response to patterns over event histories. Context awareness in Amit takes into account event information, time and location to introduce the concept of situation. The concept of situation is an extension of the concept of composite event in its context awareness capability; it results in additional expressive power, flexibility and usability. |
9,016 | Please write an abstract with title: Facial Expression Translation Using Landmark Guided GANs, and key words: Task analysis, Generative adversarial networks, Faces, Detectors, Testing, Generators, Shape. Abstract: We propose a simple yet powerful Landmark guided Generative Adversarial Network (LandmarkGAN) for the facial expression-to-expression translation using a single image, which is an important and challenging task in computer vision since the expression-to-expression translation is a non-linear and non-aligned problem. Moreover, it requires a high-level semantic understanding between the input and output images since the objects in images can have arbitrary poses, sizes, locations, backgrounds, and self-occlusions. To tackle this problem, we propose utilizing facial landmark information explicitly. Since it is a challenging problem, we split it into two sub-tasks, (i) category-guided landmark generation, and (ii) landmark-guided expression-to-expression translation. Two sub-tasks are trained in an end-to-end fashion that aims to enjoy the mutually improved benefits from the generated landmarks and expressions. Compared with current keypoint-guided approaches, the proposed LandmarkGAN only needs a single facial image to generate various expressions. Extensive experimental results on four public datasets demonstrate that the proposed LandmarkGAN achieves better results compared with state-of-the-art approaches only using a single image. |
9,017 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Portable Testing Equipment for Dynamic Parameters of a Guidance Instrument, and key words: Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Instruments, Layout, Software, Signal analysis, Manipulator dynamics. Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the existing guidance instrument detection equipment cannot monitor the laser information field during shooting, and it is difficult to distinguish the fault source when the flight failure occurs, the system is based on equipment functions, software and hardware design, wireless transmission, data processing, image detection, etc. The functional characteristics, signal analysis and processing of the detection equipment are analyzed, and the overall plan of the dynamic parameter portable detection equipment of the guidance instrument, the electrical parameter detection device, the laser information field parameter key feature detection mechanism are carried out. The dynamic detection of the parameters of the guidance instrument is of great value to guarantee shooting and failure analysis, and the benefits are obvious. |
9,018 | Please write an abstract with title: Polar Codes Do Not Have Many Affine Automorphisms, and key words: Codes, Hardware, Encoding, Decoding, Polar codes, Task analysis, Sorting. Abstract: Polar coding solutions demonstrate excellent performance under the list decoding that is challenging to implement in hardware due to the path sorting operations. As a potential solution to this problem, permutation decoding recently became a hot research topic. However, it imposes more constraints on the code structure.In this paper, we study the structural properties of Arikan’s polar codes. It is known that they are invariant under lower-triangular affine permutations among others. However, those permutations are not useful in the context of permutation decoding. We show that, unfortunately, the group of affine automorphisms of Arikan’s polar codes asymptotically cannot be much bigger than the group of lower-triangular permutations. |
9,019 | Please write an abstract with title: GraphDEAR: An Accelerator Architecture for Exploiting Cache Locality in Graph Analytics Applications, and key words: Memory management, Accelerator architectures, Dynamic scheduling, Proposals, Arrays, Edge computing. Abstract: Data structure is the key in Edge Computing where various types of data are continuously generated by ubiquitous devices. Within all common data structures, graphs are used to express relationships and dependencies among human identities, objects, and locations; and they are expected to become one of the most important data infrastructure in the near future. Furthermore, as graph processing often requires random accesses to vast memory spaces, conventional memory hierarchies with caches cannot perform efficiently. To alleviate such memory access bottlenecks in graph processing, we present a solution through vertex accesses scheduling and edge array re-ordering, in parallel with the execution of graph processing application to improve both temporal and spatial locality of memory accesses, especially for edge-centric graphs which are popular means in handling dynamic graphs. Our proposed architecture is evaluated and tested through both trace-based cache simulations and cycle-accurate FPGA-based prototyping. Evaluation results show that our proposal has a potential of significantly reducing the quantity of Miss-Per-Kilo-Instructions (MPKI) for Last Level Cache (LLC) by 56.27% on average. |
9,020 | Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication of ultrathin Ge template for growth of multijunction solar cells based on wafer-scale porous Ge, and key words: Germanium, Substrates, Photovoltaic cells, Costs, Production, Photovoltaic systems, Gallium arsenide. Abstract: Multijunction solar cells (MJSC) currently hold the highest efficiency on the market. However, their widespread in terrestrial applications is getting held back by the high devices cost. A considerable part of the cost mainly comes from the substrate materials such as Ge and GaAs making them nonviable for terrestrial application compared to much cheaper silicon-based solar cells. Consequently, the Ge based MJSC deployment is restrained to niche domains such as spatial applications. Accordingly, the development of nanostructured substrates allowing MJSC detachment and wafer reuse stands out as a promising approach to overcoming these limitations. In this work, we demonstrate the formation of homogenous edge-to-edge porous Ge (PGe) layers on an industry-standard 100 mm wafer-scale produced by bipolar electrochemical etching. The produced nanostructured substrates' properties are easily assessable by production line compatible, fast, and nondestructive techniques such as ellipsometry. The PGe layers have been found to exhibit excellent uniformity over the wafer' surface with a relative variation of 1% in porosity and 2% in thickness. Furthermore, we show that the PGe structural properties can be finely tuned to create on-demand characteristics including the suitability for epitaxial growth. Accordingly, low-temperature growth of ultrathin crystalline Ge layer on top of PGe structure is demonstrated. The fabricated structure has been shown to be compatible with III-V heterostructures growth drawing the way for wafer-scale detachable MJSC and substrate reuse. |
9,021 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on inertial/visual navigation with heading-position constraints and the observability analysis, and key words: Navigation, Observability, Mathematical model, Compass, Visualization, Kalman filters, Cameras. Abstract: Accurate heading reference and familiar landmarks are the key information to guide migratory birds to realize long-distance migration, which provides an important reference for the navigation of unmanned platforms. This paper focuses on the integrated inertial/visual navigation with heading constraints of magnetic compass and position constraints of place recognition. The model of the integrated navigation system is constructed based on extended Kalman filter (EKF), with the derivation of state and observation equations. The observability of system states under different constraints is analyzed based on singular value decomposition (SVD) method. It shows all states of the system are either completely observable or the errors are bounded by introducing the heading and position constraints, which can guarantee the requirements of long-endurance, long-distance and high-precision navigation. |
9,022 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of signaling network topology in cellular system performance, and key words: Network topology, Intelligent networks, Cellular networks, System performance, Pulse width modulation, Mice, Protocols, Capacitive sensors, Analytical models, Signal analysis. Abstract: The enormous growth of the cellular service has obviously caused a large increase in signaling load in the fixed part of the mobile network. Short messages as well as other supplementary and value-added services put a strain on the signaling network; so does the reduction in cell sizes to increase system capacity. In this presentation a new signaling simulation tool (PucSSim), which provides network analysis and design capabilities, is briefly described and then applied to evaluate the signaling load in entities and links for four different network topologies. |
9,023 | Please write an abstract with title: Introduction to 7-DoF CoSMo-Arm: High Torque Density Manipulator based on CoSMoA and E-CoSMo, and key words: Actuators, Torque, Kinematics, Trajectory, Robots, Manipulator dynamics, Payloads. Abstract: This study proposes a novel 7-DOF robotic manipulator called CoSMo-Arm for high torque density multi-link robotic platform based on a concentrically stacked modular actuator (CoSMoA) and an extended coaxial spherical joint module (E-CoSMo) introduced in previous researches. The CoSMoA is an actuator module designed to improve thermal characteristics by stacking the motor actuator parts to share the heat dissipation device of the adjacent actuator module, thereby theoretically amplifying motor performance by approximately 3.2 times. The E-CoSMo is a parallel joint mechanism connected to the end of the CoSMoA to create point-centered rotational four degrees of freedom. This joint module has a large range of motion in specific rotational directions and maximum output of approximately up to four times to the actuator output in the specific workspace. The CoSMo-Arm is designed to take advantages of these novel concept modules, having a higher payload than its own weight. To verify the benefits of the proposed mechanism, we performed kinematic analysis and dynamics simulations. From experimental verifications of the real prototype, the feasibility and validity are confirmed as a multi-DOF robotic manipulator. |
9,024 | Please write an abstract with title: On the feasibility of adversarial machine learning in malware and network intrusion detection, and key words: Industries, Machine learning algorithms, Filtering, Phishing, Network intrusion detection, Detectors, Market research. Abstract: Nowadays, Machine Learning (ML) solutions are widely adopted in modern malware and network intrusion detection systems. While these algorithms offer great performance, several researches demonstrate their vulnerability to adversarial attacks, which slightly modifies the input samples to compromise the correct behavior of the detector. Although this issue acquires extreme relevance in security-related contexts, the defenses are still immature. On the positive hand, cybersecurity poses additional challenges to the practicability of these attacks with respect to other domains. Previous studies focus exclusively on the degree of effectiveness of the proposals, but they do not discuss their actual feasibility. Based on this insight, in this paper we provide an overview of adversarial attacks and countermeasures for ML-based malware and network intrusion detection systems to assess their applicability in real world scenarios. In particular, we identify the constraints that need to be considered in the cybersecurity domain and discuss limitations of meaningful examples of previous proposals. Our work can guide practitioners to devise novel hardening solutions against more realistic threat models. |
9,025 | Please write an abstract with title: The risk prediction of heart disease by using neuro-fuzzy and improved GOA, and key words: Fuzzy sets, Neurons, Prediction algorithms, Fuzzy neural networks, Biological neural networks, Optimization, Genetic algorithms. Abstract: In recent years, artificial intelligent has been widely used as expert systems. In this paper, an intelligent system is provided for determining the risk of cardiovascular diseases. At first, a neuro-fuzzy network is used for risk prediction which the input of this network includes patient's data such as blood pressure, blood sugar, heart rate, number of cigarettes per day, and age, and the output of this network indicates the risk of cardiovascular disease for patients over the next 10 years. In this article, by using genetic algorithm (GA), the features for determining the patient's condition were reduced from 16 to 6 and least-squares algorithm is used to determine the linear network's parameters and, the improved grasshopper optimization algorithm is used to optimize the nonlinear parameters of fuzzy sets. Finally, the proposed network and algorithm are validated by using patient's data which was obtained from patients in Framingham. The results show that the network and algorithm are acceptable. |
9,026 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonadiabatic Tunneling Of Photoelectrons Induced By Few-Cycle Near-Fields, and key words: Nanoparticles, Shape, Laser noise, Surface emitting lasers, Tunneling, Laser excitation, Ultrafast electronics. Abstract: Our work investigates strong-field processes in the vicinity of nanostructures with a characteristic size of around 100 nm. In particular, we use 7 fs laser pulses at 80 MHz from a Ti: sapphire femtosecond laser oscillator to excite localized surface plasmons on different gold nanoparticles. Such nanoparticles can localize the light field to nanometric volumes, while also enhancing the field strength. We determine the enhancement by measuring the kinetic energy spectrum of the electrons that are photoemitted from the surface of the nanoparticle as a function of incident laser intensity [1] , [2] . From the shape of the energy spectra, and the retrieved field enhancement values, we are able to follow the transition between two regimes: the first is characterized by multiphoton emission [MPE], while in the second (at higher intensities), tunneling [TE] of the electrons through the potential barrier distorted by the laser field is more pronounced. There have been studies of these two emission regimes for select systems, but little is known about the transition region between them, the so-called non-adiabatic tunneling. |
9,027 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Approach to Interactive Dialogue Generation Based on Natural Language Creation with Context-Free Grammars and Sentiment Analysis, and key words: Games, Sentiment analysis, Grammar, Mood, Motion pictures, Tools. Abstract: The demand for high-quality video games is ever increasing and the ambition to tell truly interactive and dynamic stories is a significant factor contributing to this trend. This paper examines how generated narrative text is perceived by players in terms of meaningfulness, immersion, and flow and furthermore that the presented novel approach can be a valid method to implement computer-generated dialogues. For this approach, generative grammars are used to create written dialogue within a conversation for a learning application. With the support of sentiment analysis, the generated text is analysed with a focus on its semantics. Suitable text lines based on the current game state are provided by a dialogue system. Principles of gamification are used to create a learning application that renders such a generated dialogue scenario playable. To test this hypothesis, a user study examines the capabilities of the process by having players assess factors, which are imperative for a narrative game. The learning application shows strong potential in terms of text variation and dialogue that is easy to follow. |
9,028 | Please write an abstract with title: 65nm high performance SRAM technology with 25F2 0.16/spl mu/m/sup 2/ S/sup 3/ (stacked single-crystal Si) SRAM cell, and stacked peripheral SSTFT for ultra high density and high speed applications, and key words: Random access memory, CMOS technology, Thin film transistors, Logic arrays, Costs, Manufacturing, Thermal resistance, CMOS process, Logic circuits, Paper technology. Abstract: For the first time, the 65nm high performance transistor technology and the highly compacted double stacked S/sup 3/ SRAM cell with a size of 25F/sup 2/, and 0.16/spl mu/m/sup 2/ has been combined for providing the high density and high density solutions which can make the breakthrough in the field of the cache memory products and the network memory products. The SSTFT (single-crystal silicon thin film transistor) is used not only for cell transistors but also for peripheral transistors. The selective Co silicidation techniques is developed for low resistance. By utilizing this technology, the high performance 288Mb synchronous SRAM product will be fabricated. |
9,029 | Please write an abstract with title: CAD of multipactor-free waveguide components for communication satellites, and key words: Waveguide components, Artificial satellites, Voltage, Design automation, Bandwidth, Degradation, Frequency, Telecommunications, System performance, Life testing. Abstract: Power handling capabilities of satellite waveguide components are limited by multipactor discharge which, so far, has received scarce attention in terms of a model for design purposes. We describe a procedure, based on the knowledge of the field distribution inside the considered component, for calculating the minimum power above which the multipactor risk becomes significant. It is shown that the proposed technique allows to avoid over-restrictive specifications and is useful for quantitative evaluation of multipaction prevention techniques. Experimental results and examples confirm the procedure validity. |
9,030 | Please write an abstract with title: Melisa - a distributed multimedia system for multiplatform interactive sports content broadcasting, and key words: Multimedia systems, Multimedia communication, TV broadcasting, Network servers, Consumer electronics, Digital video broadcasting, Advertising, Games, Digital TV, Next generation networking. Abstract: The new generation of television (TV) viewers is currently being confronted and becoming acquainted with a series of technological developments in the realm of consumer electronics and gaming that raise their expectations for similar advances in TV broadcasts. The Melisa platform aims at the cross-media broadcasting of sports eevents featurin interactive advertising and sports-related games over digital television and next generation mobile network infrastructures. The platform provides services for optimal presentation of complex interactive real time video content, for advertisement and an advanced real-time gaming (betting) engine. The Melisa server receives information from geographically separated betting, advertisement and video capturing servers that enforces the notion of a distributed system design for information exchange. The resulted business model offers great flexibility in system configuration both in scalability and physical layout configuration. |
9,031 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Emotion Diffusion in Public Agendas, and key words: Social networking (online), Mood, Computational modeling, Simulation, Government, Media, Surges. Abstract: As people spend considerable time on digital media, online platforms have functioned as major channels for public expression. Understanding the formation and diffusion of sentiment or emotion is benefit to create a healthy environment for public discussion. In this paper, based on emotion contagion and opinion dynamics, we established a specially designed model for dynamic emotion diffusion. The method of computational modelling and simulation is applied to simulate the real-world social interactions. Factors including the distribution of initial emotion, credibility threshold, self-assertiveness and emotion decay function that might influence sentiment diffusion are analyzed, a novel concept of emotion fluctuation is introduced to predict agents’ behavior. Simulation results demonstrate that all these factors mentioned above can influence the evolution of emotion, leading to its fragmentation, polarization or consensus. |
9,032 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhancement Analysis of PLC Transformed OFDM with WHT Precoding, and key words: Power system measurements, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Density measurement, Precoding, Nonlinear distortion, Peak to average power ratio, Transforms. Abstract: OFDM, an intriguing answer for wireless systems that request huge information rates. OFDM signal, be that as it may, experiences its enormous Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), actuates distortion while going through HPA, a non-linear device. Because of this, the trouble of DAC and HPA increments. Many methods are accessible for lessening OFDM’s PAPR. Among them all, companding appears an appealing low-intricacy strategy for decrease of PAPR by the OFDM signal. As of late, a direct companding procedure which plans to limit companding mutilation is suggested. An intence Piecewise Linear companding (PLC) approach is presented in this paper utilizing the Walsh Hadamard Transform (WHT) method. Results show that this proposed new strategy accomplishes a critical decrease in PAPR while holding improved execution in the BER over WiMAX channels and Power density spectrum, PSD contrasted with the Piecewise Linear companding technique |
9,033 | Please write an abstract with title: Low power high linearity driver amplifier for 900 MHz Zigbee applications, and key words: Linearity, Driver circuits, High power amplifiers, ZigBee, CMOS technology, Power amplifiers, Power transmission, Boosting, Current measurement, Gain measurement. Abstract: This paper presents a low power high linearity driver amplifier for 900 MHz Zigbee applications based on 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. In this work folded cascode amplifier is adopted to get more efficient power transmission. High gain and linearity are achieved by applying resonating load and gain boosting technique. Measurements show 11.5 dB gain, 3 dBm output P1dB while dissipating 1.8mA DC current from 1.8 V supply. |
9,034 | Please write an abstract with title: Keeping features in the field of view in eye-in-hand visual servoing: a switching approach, and key words: Visual servoing, Cameras, Robot vision systems, Uncertainty, Solid modeling, Physics computing, Motion control, Computational modeling, Robustness, Control systems. Abstract: A visual servoing strategy for keeping features in the field of view is proposed which consists of a switching among position-based control strategies and backward motion. In the absence of uncertainty on the extrinsic parameters, all features are kept in the field of view. Moreover, if the intrinsic parameters are also known, the trajectory length is minimized in the rotational space and, for some cases, also minimized in the translational space. Simulation results also show a certain degree of robustness against uncertainty on the intrinsic parameters. |
9,035 | Please write an abstract with title: Physical Layer Security by Interleaving and Diversity: Impact of Imperfect Channel State Information, and key words: OFDM, Bit error rate, Channel estimation, Receivers, Rayleigh channels, Physical layer security, SISO communication. Abstract: In recent years, physical layer security (PLS) has emerged as a promising concept to complement cryptography solutions. Many PLS schemes require perfect knowledge of the channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. However, in practical cases, CSI is often imperfect due to channel estimation errors, noisy feedback channels and outdated CSI. In this paper, we study the impact of imperfect CSI on an adaptive PLS scheme that combines diversity with interleaving to provide security. Particularly, we derive the secrecy capacity expressions for the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper's channels under imperfect CSI conditions. Numerical and theoretical simulations for secrecy capacity and bit error rate (BER) are carried out for the frequency-selective Rayleigh fading wiretap channel model. The results reveal the negative impact of imperfect CSI on the secrecy and BER performance of the single input single output (SISO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. The analysis is done under both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) modes. |
9,036 | Please write an abstract with title: A 2-GHz Two-Tone Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer, and key words: Table lookup, Multicore processing, Frequency division multiplexing, Field programmable gate arrays, Time-frequency analysis, Pipeline processing. Abstract: We present a 2-GHz 16-bit direct digital synthesizer (DDS) implemented and verified on a Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA, Nexys-4 DDR development board. The lookup-table based DDS is implemented with the help of multiplexers in a tree structure. The proposed technique can operate at a high clock frequency of 250 MHz and has no truncation error. The proposed DDS is also capable of producing two tones separated by a frequency resolution of 1/1024 times the clock frequency. Further, the tones can be backed off in approximately one dB step from full scale to −96 dB. The back-off is implemented without performing any real multiplication thereby increasing the throughput. 16 such parallel DDS slices are implemented to produce very high-frequency digital sinusoids. The design uses 3095 LUTs, 3465 flip flops, and 18 Block-RAMs for producing two tone output at 2GHz for a given back-off. |
9,037 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation-Based Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis, and key words: Optical fiber communication, Optical fiber dispersion, Sensitivity analysis, Linear programming, Optical fiber amplifiers. Abstract: A general nonlinear adjoint sensitivity analysis (ASA) approach for the time-dependent nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is presented. The proposed algorithm estimates the sensitivities of a desired objective function with respect to all design parameters using only one extra adjoint system simulation. We show the approach efficiency here through a numerical example. |
9,038 | Please write an abstract with title: Event-Triggered Output Feedback Synchronization of Master–Slave Neural Networks Under Deception Attacks, and key words: Synchronization, Neural networks, Markov processes, Data communication, Computer crime, Output feedback, Manganese. Abstract: The problem of event-triggered synchronization of master–slave neural networks is investigated in this article. It is assumed that both communication channels from the sensor to controller and from controller to actuator are subject to stochastic deception attacks modeled by two independent Markov processes. Two discrete event-triggered mechanisms are introduced for both channels to reduce the number of data transmission through the communication channels. To comply with practical point of view, static output feedback is utilized. By employing the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method, some sufficient conditions on the synchronization of master–slave neural networks are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which make it easy to design suitable output feedback controllers. Finally, a numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
9,039 | Please write an abstract with title: An extended model for TCP/IP architecture, and key words: TCPIP, Application software, Transport protocols, Internet, Computer architecture, Proposals, Web sites, Explosions, Standardization, H infinity control. Abstract: This paper presents a proposal for the session layer introduction into the TCP/IP architecture, generating an extended model able to respond to actual and future application requirements. The main aspects of the proposed model as well as the advantages of its utilization are discussed. Considerations on the necessary efforts in order to perform the adaptations are also made |
9,040 | Please write an abstract with title: A smoothed dynamic tabu search embedded GRASP for m-VRPTW, and key words: Vehicle dynamics, Routing, Marine vehicles, Intelligent vehicles, Industrial engineering, Research and development management, Genetic algorithms, Simulated annealing, Logistics, Benchmark testing. Abstract: Vehicle routing problem with both time window and limited number of vehicles (m-VRPTW) is an useful extension of VRPTW problem in real applications. We propose an improved greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) framework by techniques including multiple initialization and solution reuse. Furthermore, a new technique of smoothed dynamic tabu search is embedded into the GRASP to improve the performance. The experimental results for benchmark data show that the new algorithm can solve the m-VRPTW problem better than the published algorithm in accuracy. |
9,041 | Please write an abstract with title: Demonstration of CMOS Integration With High-Voltage Double-Implanted MOS in 4H-SiC, and key words: Inverters, Silicon carbide, MOSFET, Substrates, Ring oscillators, Temperature measurement, Propagation delay. Abstract: In this work, we demonstrate CMOS integration that is fully compatible with a commercial double-implanted MOS (DMOS) process in 4H-SiC without requiring additional masks and cost. The characteristics of the NMOS, the PMOS, the CMOS inverter, and the ring oscillators are measured up to 175 °C. Propagation delay is reduced from 117 ns at room temperature to 17.8 ns at 175 °C, thanks to the increased current capability of both the NMOS and the PMOS. The body effect from the high substrate voltage on the PMOS is also investigated. The characteristics of the PMOS and the CMOS inverter are measured for a substrate voltage up to 800 V. The propagation delay for the ring oscillator is also measured when the substrate voltage is 300 V. |
9,042 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling and Analysis of Virtualized Multi-Service Cloud Data Centers with Automatic Server Consolidation and Prescribed Service Level Agreements, and key words: Cloud computing, Analytical models, Data centers, Computational modeling, Data models, Delays, Servers. Abstract: Cloud Data Centers (CDC) are developing rapidly and will have a major impact on IT infrastructures in the future for reasons of their low ramp-up costs and service delivery/support capabilities for the users. In this paper CDCs with multi-service application classes are considered which are operated under an automatic server consolidation based on parallel hysteresis methods for server activations/deactivations which have been reported on our previous work. Each class is subjected to an individual SLA, e.g., for the average service delay for non-real-time services or for delay percentiles for services with strict response time constraints, and probabilities for service rejection (loss) or migration. Operation of a CDC is modeled by Finite State Machine (FSM) – controlled queuing systems for each class of cloud services which are analyzed exactly under Markovian assumptions to receive averages and percentiles of response times and probabilities of loss or migration. The method is novel as it minimizes the energy consumption for servers by an automatic server consolidation strategy while guaranteeing the negotiated SLAs. The method is based on a worst case boundary consideration for the delays of arriving service requests and can be useful to understand the parametric influences and to assess the energy saving gains for multi-tier CDCs. |
9,043 | Please write an abstract with title: Python Quantitative Dynamic Panel Big Data Analysis: Starting from the Game Algorithm of Consumption Environment and Rural Consumption Growth, and key words: Economics, Electric potential, Heuristic algorithms, Government, Finance, Estimation, Games. Abstract: This paper discusses the relationship between rural consumption environment and rural economic growth within the framework of game theory. This paper argues that. The game process between government public investment and rural residents' consumption is an important way to promote rural economic growth. Using the system generalized moment estimation method, this paper conducts an empirical study on the relationship between my country's consumption environment and consumption growth. The results show that: improving the construction of infrastructure will significantly promote the growth of urban residents' consumption; perfecting the construction of my country's consumer finance market, optimizing the design of the test system for the Python quantitative investment platform, and formulating its implementation plan, which are currently many Python quantitative investments. Platform builders focus on issues. |
9,044 | Please write an abstract with title: On distributed consensus algorithms and their application to power sharing in DC microgrids, and key words: Microgrids, Consensus protocol, Voltage control, Energy resources, Consensus algorithm, Power system stability, Lyapunov methods. Abstract: We consider nonlinear consensus algorithms and their application to proportional power sharing in DC microgrids. We show that a power sharing algorithm is a special case of nonlinear consensus protocol and we establish convergence to state consensus with adaptive gains. The key facts are the presence of an agreement function in the power sharing algorithm and the preservation of a weighted geometric mean over time. These observations allow us to improve the performance of this class of algorithms via the theory of nonlinear consensus. |
9,045 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of Limiting Factors in the Selection of a Learning Sample of Images for Automatic Tracking of Changes in Weather Conditions, and key words: Location awareness, Training, Sequences, Limiting, Cameras, Sun, Optimization. Abstract: In our previous work on using images from stationary outdoor cameras for tracking the loss of visibility, we analysed a series of videos taken from different localizations. The results showed the need of big data processing, and also the presence of situations that would lead to mis-identification of loss of visibility without its availability. The material shows the cases of such situations and the need of consideration of the camera localization, its orientation and the current position of the sun. |
9,046 | Please write an abstract with title: C-Band FMCW Radar System and its Application in Distance-to-Object Estimation, and key words: Radar measurements, Measurement uncertainty, Estimation, Prototypes, Signal processing algorithms, Visual systems, Reflection. Abstract: A frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar with appropriate automatic gain control (AGC) circuit is proposed and realized. A simple digital signal processing algorithm is used for distance estimation. For targets that are 20 m away from the radar, the absolute error of the measured distance is about 0.48 m. The complete radar system is modeled in the Visual System Simulator and very good agreement of the measured and simulated results is observed. |
9,047 | Please write an abstract with title: An operable and systemic approach to designing organizations, and key words: Delta modulation, Process design, Technology management, Engineering management, Iterative methods, Cybernetics, Asset management, Predictive models, Electronic mail, Agile manufacturing. Abstract: In this paper, we present a hierarchy hypothesis (HH) for designing organizations, and advance an operable and systemic approach based on HH to design organizations, which support the viable systems model and the methods of a three-phase iterative organizational design process and integrate the recursion and balance principle viable system model. |
9,048 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy-efficient charge sharing-based 8T2C SRAM in-memory accelerator for binary neural networks in 28nm CMOS, and key words: Low voltage, Conferences, Neural networks, Random access memory, Energy measurement, Hardware, Energy efficiency. Abstract: We present an 8-transistor and 2-capacitor (8T2C) SRAM cell-based in-memory hardware for Binary Neural Network (BNN) computation. The proposed design accumulates multiplication results using a DRAM-like charge sharing operation, which makes it more tolerant to process variations and avoiding issues that hinder low voltage operations of conventional SRAM-CIM designs. Measurement results show that a $256 \times 64$ macro implemented in a 28 nm CMOS achieves 3182 TOPS/V at 0.7 V. |
9,049 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Safe Control for Driving in Uncertain Environments, and key words: Sufficient conditions, Uncertainty, Stochastic processes, Process control, Reliability theory, Predictive models, Probabilistic logic. Abstract: This paper presents an adaptive safe control method that can adapt to changing environments, tolerate large uncertainties, and exploit predictions in autonomous driving. We first derive a sufficient condition to ensure long-term safe probability when there are uncertainties in system parameters. Then, we use the safety condition to formulate a stochastic adaptive safe control method. Finally, we test the proposed technique numerically in a few driving scenarios. The use of long-term safe probability provides a sufficient outlook time horizon to capture future predictions of the environment and planned vehicle maneuvers and to avoid unsafe regions of attractions. The resulting control action systematically mediates behaviors based on uncertainties and can find safer actions even with large uncertainties. This feature allows the system to quickly respond to changes and risks, even before an accurate estimate of the changed parameters can be constructed. The safe probability can be continuously learned and refined. Using more precise probability avoids over-conservatism, which is a common drawback of the deterministic worst-case approaches. The proposed techniques can also be efficiently computed in real-time using onboard hardware and modularly integrated into existing processes such as predictive model controllers. |
9,050 | Please write an abstract with title: LIGHTER-R: Optimized Reversible Circuit Implementation For SBoxes, and key words: symmetric key, sbox, implementation, optimization, reversible computing. Abstract: This article presents the `LIGHTER-R' tool that aims at implementing a given 4-bit SBox using reversible logic libraries. An SBox is a basic building block in the symmetric key cryptography. In order to analyze the security of the symmetric key algorithms in the futuristic reversible computing paradigm, one needs to implement those algorithms in the reversible manner. Our tool offers an end-to-end flow for implementing a given 4-bit SBox (which is the common choice in recent designs) in reversible circuits while optimizing the cost for a given cost metric. It extends the tool LIGHTER, which is developed for classical computing. LIGHTER-R enjoys the advantages of LIGHTER; such as, easy to use and free. |
9,051 | Please write an abstract with title: Construction of solutions to electromagnetic problems in terms of two collinear vector potentials, and key words: Electromagnetic transients, Transient analysis, Tellurium, Electric potential, Computational electromagnetics, Integral equations, Frequency, Nonhomogeneous media, Testing, Performance evaluation. Abstract: In this paper, the construction of solutions to transient electromagnetic (EM) problems in terms of two collinear vector potentials (VPs) is subjected to a careful theoretical study and numerical verification. The analysis concerns a general isotropic medium that can be inhomogeneous, lossy, and may contain sources. It is also assumed that the medium has instantaneous response, i.e., its EM properties are frequency independent. First, the completeness of the solution in terms of the two VPs in homogeneous and inhomogeneous media is addressed. Second, the behavior of the VPs at interfaces and edges is considered. Finally, a number of simple, but relevant numerical tests are performed to verify the theoretical model. This paper is part of the effort to establish the theoretical background of a novel efficient approach to the analysis of transient EM propagation based on the VPs. |
9,052 | Please write an abstract with title: Detecting Test Audio Signal Automatically with Fourier Analysis and Pattern Recognition, and key words: TV, Conferences, Production, Pattern recognition, Object recognition, Signal detection, Anomaly detection. Abstract: We investigate using signal detection techniques for testing the audio capability of television sets in an industrial production line with the objective of identifying defectives devices. Two approaches were investigated in this study: the first was based in searching for specific frequencies of sufficiently high magnitude, and the second on detecting specific patterns of alternating frequencies. The results suggest that the first approach is highly susceptible to noise, while the second overcomes this problem, detecting all patterns in the audio segments. |
9,053 | Please write an abstract with title: Study and implementation of the settlement system for e-learning system, and key words: Electronic learning, Consumer electronics, Educational institutions, Continuing education, Electronic commerce, Educational products, Merchandise, Computer science education, Marketing and sales, Computer science. Abstract: With the rapid development of network education, it has become very important to settle all costs of network education and to realize electronic payment. The settlement system for an e-learning system is a new-style electronic commerce just based on this problem. By analyzing and researching the current network education's settlement state, this paper proposes the business flow of the settlement system and gives the functions and modules of the system and details of the solution. |
9,054 | Please write an abstract with title: Turbo codes in MIMO system, and key words: Turbo codes, MIMO, Iterative decoding, Receiving antennas, Transmitting antennas, Fading, Antenna arrays, Diversity reception, Transmitters, Interference. Abstract: In this paper, turbo code is considered as channel code, and multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver are used to overcome the interference over Rayleigh fading channel. Performance analysis is given after the simulation results. |
9,055 | Please write an abstract with title: Cryptography : current status and future trends, and key words: Public key cryptography, Elliptic curve cryptography, Information security, Digital signatures, History, Educational institutions, IEC standards, ISO standards, Tellurium, Research and development. Abstract: This paper discusses the main trends and process of cryptographically fields from the Ceaser time up to year 2003. The revolutionary concepts of public - key cryptography provided a new and ingenious method for key exchange, the security of which is based on the intractability of the " discrete logarithm problem ". The idea was clear and generated extensive interest and activity in the cryptography community. One of the most significant contributions provided by public - key cryptography is the " digital signature ". The conclusions and suggestions for Arabic activities with respect to the required interest in this field is described. |
9,056 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast and Real-Time Sensor-Fault Detection using Shannon’s Entropy, and key words: Fault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems, Control charts, Robot sensing systems, Control systems, Real-time systems, Entropy. Abstract: In this paper, we aim at improving the change detection techniques by introducing an adaptive thresholding with a sliding time window. In particular, a real-time optimal sliding time window length is implemented without any preliminary learning step as required in conventional sensor-fault detection methods. Based on Shannon’s entropy, our method improves the change detection techniques using an adaptive thresholding. The technique can be applied by any change detection technique based on the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR). To validate the robustness of our approach, two commonly used change detection techniques are considered: the cumulative sum (Cusum) and the exponentially weighted Moving average (EWMA) control charts. Experimental validation is experimentally shown considering real data in the context of collaborative mobile robots. In addition, this experiment leads to a fault-tolerant fusion methodology based on the use of an extended Kalman filter (EKF). |
9,057 | Please write an abstract with title: Exterminate Borer Worm by High-Frequency Electromagnetic Wave, and key words: Grippers, Dielectrics, Electromagnetic heating, Microwave theory and techniques, Heat engines, Skin. Abstract: This paper presents an experimental study of exterminate worm by high frequency using dielectric heating. The aim of this paper is study worm affected by high frequency radiation. For the experiments exterminate worm, throughout these experiments, we have chosen to use G. mellonella larva and Tenebrio molitor as worm. The effect of high frequency radiation, temperature at any distance, time of radiation are investigated. The result show at skin depth 2-3 cm at 90 second for radiation both of species not died immediately and at skin depth at 4 cm temperature not high enough to exterminate them. |
9,058 | Please write an abstract with title: Ocular physiological responses to dynamic and constant screen brightness, and key words: Visualization, Photonic band gap, Ergonomics, Brightness, Neurons, Human factors, Fatigue. Abstract: Ergonomic effects of ambient light had been extensively studied, and the effects of dynamic ambient light attracted interests of an increasing number of researchers. However, related researches on dynamic light were generally focused on the non-visual effects, such as circadian rhythm, emotion, and cognition. Furthermore, studies on dynamic screen brightness were seldom reported. In this paper, we compared the effects of screens with constant and dynamic brightness respectively on ocular physiological parameters, and found that ocular physiological variations in dynamic screen brightness were significantly lower than those in constant screen brightness, suggesting that dynamic brightness caused less ocular fatigue. The mechanism of the ocular fatigue reduction of dynamic screen brightness was likely to be the activation of brightness-sensitive neurons in primary visual cortex. |
9,059 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on intelligent evaluation model of transient stability based on K-means grouping, and key words: Training, Interpolation, Machine learning algorithms, Conferences, Machine learning, Power system stability, Stability analysis. Abstract: In a large number of actual power system operation scenarios, the transient instability scenarios are far smaller than the stable operation scenarios. In the case of imbalanced samples, the rapid transient stability assessment based on machine learning will lead to the learning algorithm preferring to the majority of classes with more samples, thus causing the problem of missing judgment for the transient instability scenarios. This paper proposes an under-sampling method for grouping majority class samples based on K-means. Under the constraint that the proportion of stable samples and unstable samples meets certain conditions, the majority of class stable samples are grouped with the center sample and the sample nearest to the center sample as initial values, and the K-means algorithm is adopted. By regrouping the samples of the majority class successively, multiple training sample subsets composed of unstable samples and multiple groups of stable samples are finally formed. Model training is performed for each training sample set, and the evaluation model of the new mode is judged by the comprehensive distance from the unstable center sample and the stable center sample of each sample subset, and then the transient stability judgment is carried out, so as to improve the accuracy of rapid evaluation under the unbalanced condition of training samples. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by an actual power grid example. |
9,060 | Please write an abstract with title: Workspace and Collaboration System Design of Two Robot Manipulators, and key words: Robot motion, Service robots, Collaboration, Kinematics, Robot sensing systems, End effectors, Agriculture. Abstract: Robots working in industries are increasingly in numbers and complexity. These robots need to be collaborated with human or another robot. Therefore, it is necessary to study and design the workspace and collaboration system of two robot manipulators to ensure minimal human intervention in accomplishing their assigned tasks. This paper presents the workspace and collaboration design of two robot manipulators. The kinematics analysis is given to show the workspace design. The safety of two robots is ensure by the application of proximity sensors which are modeled as a spring-damper system. This paper is intended to show the possibility of realizing two robot manipulators collaboration system, which is applicable in industries and agriculture environment. |
9,061 | Please write an abstract with title: A Safe and Rapidly Switchable Stiffness Hydrostatic Actuator through Valve-controlled Air Springs, and key words: Actuators, Fluids, Torque, Tactile sensors, Switches, Valves, Manipulators. Abstract: Hydrostatic transmission has shown promising results for enabling the manipulator to achieve low effective inertia, high stiffness, and high torque density. However, the incompressibility of fluid causes the lack of compliance, so that it could not provide intrinsic safety. Thus, it would be advantageous to introduce series compliance on the hydrostatic manipulator for adjusting stiffness depending on the situation. Here, we developed a safe and high-performance hydrostatic actuator based on the switchable stiffness mechanism implemented with an air spring and solenoid valve. The hydrostatic transmission is implemented with rolling diaphragms to attain zero fluid leakage and low seal friction. Air spring is serially connected to hydraulic lines for achieving compliance. Its modes (i.e., stiff and compliant modes) can be rapidly switched by modulating water flow via the solenoid valve. Block stiffness experiment shows that the stiffness of stiff mode is 9.63 times stiffer than one of compliant mode at 100 kPa. We experimentally demonstrated that compliant mode could mitigate the impact force to the level that a tangerine would not be crushed. The stiffness was switched within 12 ms; hence it is fast enough to be used for feedback application with vision or tactile sensors. As a result, the developed actuator can ensure safety without sacrificing the dynamic performance, owing to the simple and rapidly switchable stiffness mechanism. |
9,062 | Please write an abstract with title: Set-membership adaptive filtering with parameter-dependent error bound tuning, and key words: Adaptive filters, Filtering algorithms, Wireless communication, Convergence, Degradation, Broadband communication, Adaptive equalizers, Speech coding, Multiple access interference, Contracts. Abstract: This paper considers set-membership filtering (SMF) when the error-bound specification is hard to determine. Improper error-bound specification could cause overbounding or underbounding, both of which can result in degraded performance for SMF algorithms. This paper introduces a novel variable error bound and presents a different SMF criterion. It is shown that the recursive algorithm derived from this new set-membership filtering criterion has less risk of overbounding/underbounding and outperforms conventional SMF algorithms with one fixed error-bound specification, particularly when insufficient knowledge is available to determine the bound. The proposed algorithm is more suitable to time-variant environments. Frequency-domain equalization for broadband wireless communications is used as an example to illustrate the proposed criterion and recursive solution. Simulation results that show convergence performance and tracking of a time-variant channel are presented. |
9,063 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of the Butler Matrix to High-Power Multichannel Switching, and key words: Butler matrix, Switches, Transmission line matrix methods, Phase shifters, Linear antenna arrays, Phased arrays, Ferrites, Switching circuits, Microwave theory and techniques, Waveguide components. Abstract: This paper describes a technique for multichannel switching of high microwave power levels, based on an application of waveguide hybrid circuits such as the well known Butler matrix. It operates on the basic principle of dividing the high power input into a number of lower-power parts, then phase shifting these lower-power components to cause them to recombine into any one of the multiple output channels. The number of channels is any binary number, N=2/sup n/, and the total power which can be switched is equal to N times the power handling capability of the phasing components used. |
9,064 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Transport Layer Congestion Control Algorithms over 5G Millimeter Wave Networks, and key words: 5G mobile communication, Millimeter wave technology, Urban areas, Packet loss, Bandwidth, Throughput, Propagation losses. Abstract: The Millimeter Wave technology can provide very high data rates and is a key enabler of 5G communication. However, mmWave signals suffer with high penetration loss and poor isotropic propagation which causes intermittent packet losses. TCP's congestion control algorithms consider packet loss as an implicit notification of network congestion and react by reducing the data transmission rate. In this research we examine how TCP's congestion control algorithms impact the achievable data rate over mmWave links. We discuss the performance of different TCP versions using metrics such as congestion window size (cwnd), throughput, Round Trip Time (RTT), and Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR). |
9,065 | Please write an abstract with title: HCET: Hierarchical Clinical Embedding With Topic Modeling on Electronic Health Records for Predicting Future Depression, and key words: Depression, Data models, Medical diagnostic imaging, Predictive models, Feature extraction, Diseases, Semantics. Abstract: Recent developments in machine learning algorithms have enabled models to exhibit impressive performance in healthcare tasks using electronic health record (EHR) data. However, the heterogeneous nature and sparsity of EHR data remains challenging. In this work, we present a model that utilizes heterogeneous data and addresses sparsity by representing diagnoses, procedures, and medication codes with temporal Hierarchical Clinical Embeddings combined with Topic modeling (HCET) on clinical notes. HCET aggregates various categories of EHR data and learns inherent structure based on hospital visits for an individual patient. We demonstrate the potential of the approach in the task of predicting depression at various time points prior to a clinical diagnosis. We found that HCET outperformed all baseline methods with a highest improvement of 0.07 in precision-recall area under the curve (PRAUC). Furthermore, applying attention weights across EHR data modalities significantly improved the performance as well as the model's interpretability by revealing the relative weight for each data modality. Our results demonstrate the model's ability to utilize heterogeneous EHR information to predict depression, which may have future implications for screening and early detection. |
9,066 | Please write an abstract with title: GENeSYS-MOD Turkey: Quantitative Scenarios for Low Carbon Futures of the Turkish Energy System, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Electric potential, Wind, Hydrogen, Time series analysis, Sociology, Europe. Abstract: This paper examines the quantitative scenarios for low-carbon futures of the Turkish energy system at aggregated (country level) and regionally disaggregated (NUTS-1 level) levels. We have employed four different storylines for the future European energy system. They are quantified and implemented for the European energy system (30 regions, mostly single countries, including Turkey) using the open-source global energy system model, GENeSYS-MOD v3.0. We have compared the results of all scenarios at aggregated and disaggregated levels and found that there are significant differences among them. Specifically, the hydrogen production (and its use) has increased considerably in the disaggregated model when compared to the aggregated level results. The major reason for these differences is found to be the better estimation of regional renewable capacity factors (wind and solar) in the disaggregated level compared to aggregated level. |
9,067 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D Printed Spirometer for Pulmonary Health Assessment Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings, and key words: Sensors, Optical fiber sensors, Optical fibers, Fiber gratings, Strain, Temperature sensors, Monitoring. Abstract: The evaluation of lungs functionality enables the diagnose and monitoring of several pulmonary disorders. Spirometry is an established technique for pulmonary function tests, which provides information about several respiratory parameters, such as the forced vital capacity (FVC), corresponding to the maximum volume of expired air; the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), which is the volume of exhaled air after the first second of the forced respiratory maneuver; the peak expiratory flow (PEF), representing the maximum flow of exhaled air during the maneuver; and the ratio of FEV1/FVC. In this work, a spirometer based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), integrated in a 3D printed structure is proposed. The dynamics and magnitude of the air flow are determined through the resultant strain variations applied on the FBG sensor, along with the differentiation between the inhalation and exhalation phases. The air flow temperature effect was evaluated and its compensation was also performed for the accuracy of the results. The performance of the reported system was theoretically analyzed and experimentally tested. The implementation results were compared to the ones obtained with a commercial handheld spirometer, to assess the accuracy of the developed device. The accordance in the values obtained proved the suitability of the developed system to act as a reliable spirometer. |
9,068 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Analysis of Dual Stator Dual Rotor Six-Phase I-Shaped Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicles Application, and key words: Torque, Magnetostatics, Stator windings, Rotors, Permanent magnet motors, Synchronous motors, Electric vehicles. Abstract: This paper discusses the analysis of performance of a Dual Stator Dual Rotor Six-Phase I-Shaped Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (DSDRSPIS-PMSM) for the use of electric vehicles. This proposed motor has high performance and efficiency for the application of electric vehicles. The torque density of proposed motor is high due to the presence of dual stator in it. The two sets of 6-phase windings necessarily improve accuracy and greater potential for fault endurance of the proposed motor. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is chosen as an accurate analysis tool for the performance assessment of the proposed model. For the evaluation of results, along with magnetostatics, the transient type of analysis is also chosen. The proposed motor is analyzed to get the value of electromotive force, percentage of overall harmonic distortion, voltage-current characteristics, etc. From the aforementioned investigation, it can be inferred that, owing to magnetic-pole orientation the proposed motor is highly suitable. |
9,069 | Please write an abstract with title: Overhead optimization in a MIMO-OFDM testbed based on MMSE MIMO decoding, and key words: Testing, MIMO, Decoding, Resonance light scattering, Communication systems, Bandwidth, Performance analysis, Throughput, Signal processing algorithms, OFDM. Abstract: In this paper, the results of overhead optimization in a MIMO-OFDM testbed based on MMSE MIMO decoding are presented. The testbed used for the wireless field measurements is a configurable, non-realtime, 2/spl times/2 multi-antenna testbed operating at 5.25 GHz with a bandwidth of 25 MHz. Modulation and demodulation are performed offline. An adaptive, RLS based MMSE solution is used for MIMO decoding. Continuous pilots are used for carrier frequency offset tracking. The performance of the system for different numbers of training symbols and continuous pilots are analyzed for SISO and MIMO 2/spl times/2 configurations in the presence of all analog impairments. The results are first presented in CDFs of slicer SNR and then further analyzed for achievable capacity and throughput. The training and pilot overhead optimization analysis have shown an optimum of 10 training symbols and 5 continuous pilots for this RLS based MIMO 2/spl times/2 communication system. |
9,070 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Edge Detection of Medical Image Based on Wavelet Transform and Fuzzy Algorithm, and key words: Wavelet transforms, Wireless communication, PSNR, Image edge detection, Gaussian noise, Noise reduction, Root mean square. Abstract: Medical imaging has become an important basis for doctors in clinical diagnosis and treatment, which contains rich information about the human body. In order to present the diseased part of the body to the doctor in a more clear and intuitive way, the image must be processed. Therefore, the effectiveness of this method in medical images was proved in both subjective and objective aspects. Experiment by wavelet transform and fuzzy algorithm of medical image edge detection, improved method is applied to medical images, this paper chooses the size of a 512 x 512 abdominal CT images, and the image gaussian noise variance of 0.01, according to the calculated after denoising image peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and root mean square error (RMSE) to carry out the experimental evaluation. The experimental data show that the PSNR value is the highest and THE RMS value is the lowest after the threshold function processing in this paper. The experimental improved method has achieved good denoising effect when applied to medical images. |
9,071 | Please write an abstract with title: Whole Band Wavelength Conversion for Wideband Transmission, and key words: Optical fibers, Optical switches, Optical wavelength conversion, Optical fiber networks, Transceivers, Wideband. Abstract: We introduce wavelength conversion technology for wideband transmission over deployed optical fibers by extending the wavelength range within the optical fiber transparent window which is not yet supported by practical transceivers. |
9,072 | Please write an abstract with title: A 100ns 16-point CCD cosine transform processor, and key words: Charge coupled devices, Discrete cosine transforms, Capacitance, Equations, Fourier transforms, Kernel, Digital filters, Transversal filters, Solid state circuits, Ducts. Abstract: A CCD based on the vector matrix product algorithm, that has been implemented using 256 fixed weight four-quadrant multipliers will be described. 1.5 billion operations/s 40dB dynamic range and 1% accuracy have been demonstrated at a 3.3 MHz clock rate. The chip size is 4mm square and it dissipates 720mW. |
9,073 | Please write an abstract with title: Patterned lubricant - a microstructured perfluoropolyether film on the nitrogenated carbon surface [HDDs], and key words: Lubricants, Magnetic films, Bonding, Protection, Ion beams, Lubrication, Magnetic recording, CD recording, Maintenance, Head. Abstract: Summary form only given. In order to achieve higher recording density there is a need to reduce the magnetic spacing (distance between the pole piece of the write element and the top of the magnetic media). Lowering the flying height and reducing film thickness of the protecting layer including carbon overcoat and lubricant films are required. A layer of 1 nm lubricant film has almost reached the thickness of current lubricant molecules. Carbon has also met many challenges in terms of film thickness burnish process and corrosion resistance. For 100 Gb/in/sup 2/ areal recording density the total thickness of protecting layer is about 3 nm. Therefore, it is imperative to make the ultrathin lubricant layer with better uniformity and optimized bonding ratio to maintain the reliability of head-disk interface. |
9,074 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Hybrid Automaton Framework for Multi-Phase Epidemic Modelling, and key words: Epidemics, Infectious diseases, System dynamics, Computational modeling, Heuristic algorithms, Automata, Switches. Abstract: A framework for the multi-phase epidemic modelling of SEIARD (Susceptible-Exposed-symptomatic Infectious-Asymptomatic infectious-Recovered by immunity or by vaccination-Dead due to the disease) subpopulations is produced with switching transmission rate, basic reproduction ratio and vaccination strategy. The key novel feature of our model is that we reproduce the different phases of the evolution of the infectious disease by using a hybrid automaton with different discrete locations corresponding to each of the phases of the disease. This is a general modelling framework applicable to the spreading of infectious diseases. We show how the proposed model works with the simulation of different scenarios. |
9,075 | Please write an abstract with title: The Finite-Time Stability of a Class of Fractional Order Nonlinear Systems via Dynamic Sliding Mode, and key words: Sliding mode control, Stability analysis, Numerical stability, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Uncertainty, Chaos. Abstract: In this paper, the finite-time stability of a class of fractional order nonlinear systems is studied. By using the finite-time stability and the sliding mode control theory, a new dynamic sliding-mode controller is proposed, which will restrain the chattering and accelerated arrival at the sliding surface. The finite-time stability of the fractional-order nonlinear systems with external disturbances and uncertainties is achieved under the designed controller. Finally, one typical examples of three-dimensional fractional order Lorenz system are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the designed controller. |
9,076 | Please write an abstract with title: Cognitive Workload Impacts of Simulated Visibility Changes During Search and Surveillance Tasks Quantified by Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, and key words: Task analysis, Functional near-infrared spectroscopy, Training, Protocols, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Brain, Surveillance. Abstract: Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) enables investigation of hemodynamics and cortical activation in lab and field settings. Studies utilizing fNIRS in realistic complex environments are limited, and studies with real-time applications often lack the accompaniment of realistic settings or scenarios. Investigations of neuronal activation focused on improving human performance during complex and cognitively taxing tasks, like those experienced by unmanned aerial systems sensor operators, have yielded a knowledge gap regarding studies with ecological validity, and distinction between condition difficulties. This gap resulted from limitations in experimental design to account for realistic experiences within dynamic environments, missing fundamental transitional load details of realistic cognitive tasks. This article sought to evaluate cognitive workload in conjunction with behavioral task performance in novice sensor operators. During the experimental protocol, operators engaged with complex tasks under distinct task load conditions, implemented using a high-fidelity simulator and changes in time of day. Linear mixed effects models and multiple contrast post hoc results confirmed that simulated time-of-day visibility changes effectively modulated task load, with distinctions between easy, medium and hard conditions. Using a visibility through changes in time of day paradigm is an effective method for mimicking real-life conditions of sensor operators; however, disengagement may occur if subjects are not adequately trained. |
9,077 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Approach to Select Instances in Self-Training and Co-Training Semi-Supervised Methods, and key words: Semisupervised learning, Training, Labeling, Classification algorithms, Prediction algorithms, Machine learning, Supervised learning. Abstract: Semi-supervised learning is a machine learning approach that integrates supervised and unsupervised learning mechanisms. In this learning, most of labels in the training set are unknown, while there is a small part of data that has known labels. The semi-supervised learning is attractive due to its potential to use labeled and unlabeled data to perform better than supervised learning. This paper consists of a study in the field of semi-supervised learning and implements changes on two well-known semi-supervised learning algorithms: self-training and co-training. In the literature, it is common to develop researches that change the structure of these algorithms, however, none of them proposes automating the labeling process of unlabeled instances, which is the main purpose of this work. In order to achieve this goal, three methods are proposed: FlexCon-G, FlexCon and FlexCon-C. The main difference among these methods is the way in which the confidence rate is calculated and the strategy used to select a label in each iteration. In order to evaluate the proposed methods’ performance, an empirical analysis is conducted, in which the performance of these methods has been evaluated on 30 datasets with different characteristics. The obtained results indicate that all three proposed methods perform better than the original self-training and co-training methods, in most analysed cases. |
9,078 | Please write an abstract with title: Vectored transmission for digital subscriber line systems, and key words: DSL, Crosstalk, Central office, Optical network units, Optical transmitters, Optical receivers, Optimization methods, MIMO, Feedback, Radio spectrum management. Abstract: This paper describes the "vectored" transmission technique for digital subscriber line (DSL) systems, which utilizes user coordination at the central office or optical network unit. This method exploits the colocation of the downstream transmitters and of the upstream receivers, in order to achieve far-end crosstalk (FEXT) cancellation and perform multiuser transmission optimization. The performance improvements are particularly pronounced in environments with strong FEXT such as in very high-speed DSL. Discrete multitone is employed for each user with additional constraints on the cyclic prefix length and with the assumption of block-synchronized transmission and reception for downstream and upstream transmission correspondingly. Within each tone, upstream crosstalk is removed by multiple-input-multiple-output decision feedback at the receiving side, while downstream crosstalk is eliminated by analogous preprocessing at the transmitting side. Additionally, the issue of transmission energy allocation in frequency and among users is addressed. Assuming frequency-division duplexing, the corresponding optimization problem is formulated and solved via convex programming both for a fixed upstream-downstream band plan and for a dynamically programmable band plan. The case of power backoff as a means to reduce the impact of crosstalk on alien systems is also treated. Interestingly, the performance of the proposed methods is shown to be very close to known information theory bounds. |
9,079 | Please write an abstract with title: Analytical model for permutation capacity analysis on a nonblocking WDM switch, and key words: Analytical models, Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical wavelength conversion, WDM networks, Wavelength conversion, Communication switching, Optical buffering, Optical fiber networks, Optical switches, All-optical networks. Abstract: We propose an analytical model for calculating the permutation capacity of a nonblocking WDM switch with N input and N output links, each carrying K channels at different wavelengths. Based on this model, we analyze the permutation capacity of a nonblocking WDM switch with or without wavelength conversion. Interestingly, we find that the permutation capacity of a WDM switch meets the Fibonacci sequence when the wavelength conversion degree d=1 and N=1. |
9,080 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Detectors for Telegram Splitting-Based Transmission in Low Power Wide Area Networks With Bursty Interference, and key words: Interference, Detectors, Complexity theory, Receivers, Forward error correction, Markov processes, Encoding. Abstract: Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) networks are known to be highly vulnerable to external in-band interference in terms of packet collisions which may substantially degrade the system performance. In order to enhance the performance in such cases, the telegram splitting (TS) method has been proposed recently. This approach exploits the typical burstiness of the interference via forward error correction (FEC) and offers a substantial performance improvement compared to other methods for packet transmissions in LPWA networks. While it has been already demonstrated that the TS method benefits from knowledge on the current interference state at the receiver side, corresponding practical receiver algorithms of high performance are still missing. The modeling of the bursty interference via Markov chains leads to the optimal detector in terms of a-posteriori symbol error probability. However, this solution requires a high computational complexity, assumes an a-priori knowledge on the interference characteristics and lacks flexibility. We propose a further developed scheme with increased flexibility and introduce an approach to reduce its complexity while maintaining a close-to-optimum performance. In particular, the proposed low-complexity solution substantially outperforms existing practical methods in terms of packet error rate and therefore is highly beneficial for practical LPWA network scenarios. |
9,081 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Testing of Displays using the Extreme Linear Dynamic Range CAOS Camera, and key words: Camera, Display Calibration, Display Testing. Abstract: Proposed and demonstrated for the first time is robust testing of optical displays using the extreme linear Dynamic Range (DR) CAOS camera. Experiments highlight accurate and repeatable CAOS camera-based testing of standard 8-bit (i.e., 48 dB DR) and modified DR 10-bit (i.e., 60 dB DR) computer Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs). Results are compared with CMOS camera and light meter-based LCD testing highlighting the robustness of the CAOS camera readings. |
9,082 | Please write an abstract with title: Nondegenerate Necessary Conditions of Optimality for Problems Without Normality Assumptions, and key words: Constraint optimization, Optimal control, Differential equations, Functional analysis, Process control. Abstract: Nondegenerate second-order necessary conditions of optimality for general nonlinear optimization problems are presented and discussed in this article. Besides functional equality and inequality constraints, we also consider constraints in the form of an inclusion into a given closed set. Without assuming a priori normality, our conditions remain informative for abnormal points, and, under very general assumptions also take into account the second order effect of the curvature of the set in the inclusion constraints. |
9,083 | Please write an abstract with title: The influence of strained SiGe thin layer and correlative structure parameters on sub-threshold characteristics of SiGe PMOSFETs, and key words: Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, MOSFET circuits, Medical simulation, Analytical models, Microelectronics, Substrates, Power dissipation, Physics, Predictive models. Abstract: Sub-threshold characteristics of strained SiGe PMOSFETs and Si PMOSFETs are theoretically analyzed with simplified but effective models, then are simulated and compared by using a two-dimensional simulator. Sub-threshold current and sub-threshold slope varying with vertical structure parameters are also studied. Simulation results are well consistent with the theoretical analysis, and show that the sub-threshold characteristics of strained SiGe PMOSFETs, which are worse than those of Si PMOSFETs, are sensitive to vertical structure parameters and worth carefully paying attention to. |
9,084 | Please write an abstract with title: A precise and efficient analytical method of realistic dopant fluctuations in shallow junction formation, and key words: Fluctuations, Analytical models, Microelectronics, Threshold voltage, Sensitivity analysis, Ion implantation, Histograms, MOS devices, Impurities, Gaussian distribution. Abstract: The paper addresses a precise and efficient analytical method of realistic dopant fluctuations in shallow junction formation. To reach the analytical method, millions of simulations are finished, and data of simulation results are analyzed. The analytical function of the method is without any additional fitting parameters and can be used to calculate the standard deviation and normalized standard deviation at different depths of the shallow junctions. And some simulation results of characteristics variation of devices are also shown in this paper. |
9,085 | Please write an abstract with title: T-transitive closures, openings and approximations of similarity relations, and key words: Mathematics, Biometrics, Process control, Computer science, AC generators, Symmetric matrices. Abstract: Given a t-norm T belonging to the class of copulas, we propose three algorithms operating on a similarity relation R on a finite universe: an algorithm for computing the T-transitive closure of R, an algorithm that nearly always generates a T-transitive opening of R, and an algorithm for approximating R by a T-transitive similarity relation or T-equivalence that is 'close' to it. The latter method consists of a cascade of T'-closure and T'-opening operations, where the t-norm T' gradually progresses to T. |
9,086 | Please write an abstract with title: Thermal Design and Parametric Optimization of A Naturally Cooled GaN Based Microinverter Packaging Using CFD Simulations, and key words: Geometry, Simulation, Prototypes, Packaging, Electronic packaging thermal management, Thermal management, Inverters. Abstract: Microinverters are gaining popularity over traditional string inverters. They provide higher efficiency during partial shading. The size of microinverters is shrinking while Gallium Nitride (GaN) based switches further increases the efficiency. However, the smaller sizes cause a greater challenge in thermal management of the various components in the inverter. This paper presents a study utilizing design of experiments to optimize the geometry of the microinverter packaging to maximize heat dissipation with the available design space of a 1. 6kW4-channel GaN based Microinverter. The optimization methodology including constraints, variables and approach used to manage the thermal concerns are introduced and the results from the simulations discussed in this paper. Minimizing the sum of temperatures of the various components is considered the objective of the optimization problem. The simulation results were than used to develop a prototype for experimental testing and verification. |
9,087 | Please write an abstract with title: QPBFT: Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Consensus Algorithm Based on Quantified-Role, and key words: Fault tolerance, Energy consumption, Fault tolerant systems, Blockchain, Consensus algorithm, Production, Security. Abstract: Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) is an optional consensus protocol for consortium blockchains scenarios where strong consistency is required. However, it also inevitably incurs high energy consumption, low efficiency and poor scalability. What is more, the reliability of the consensus node cannot be guaranteed by itself. For addressing these problems, this paper proposes practical byzantine consensus algorithm based on quantified-role (QPBFT), which can achieve the following advantages: (1) Improving the security and reliability of the blockchain. The reliability attributes of nodes are quantified based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP), those nodes with high reliability evaluation scores are more likely to participate in block production by introduction of the quantified-role, which can ensure the reliability of blockchain network; (2) Realizing high efficiency and low energy consumption. Voting mechanism is adopted to simplify and optimize the PBFT consensus process; (3) Implementing adaptation to dynamic network environments. Management nodes, voting nodes, candidate nodes, and ordinary nodes are dynamically adjusted according to node reliability evaluation score for optimizing consensus performance. The paper demonstrates the security feature including reliability and fault tolerance. Meanwhile, simulation experiments are conducted to validate the higher efficiency and less resource consumption of QPBFT compared with PBFT. |
9,088 | Please write an abstract with title: NoteLink: A Point-and-Shoot Linking Interface between Students' Handwritten Notebooks and Instructional Videos, and key words: Handwriting recognition, Prototypes, Libraries, Mobile applications, Optical character recognition software, Joining processes, Engineering students. Abstract: When learning from instructional videos, students frequently take handwritten notes to improve recall and comprehension. When reviewing their notes, it can be difficult to return to the corresponding part of the video. In this paper, we present NoteLink, a mobile application that allows students to take pictures of their notes to re-find and play relevant videos on their smartphone or tablet. Our study followed four phases. In Phase I, we identified the characteristics of students' notes by analyzing 10 engineering students' handwritten notes taken while watching instructional videos. We found: 1) students' notes are comprised of four content types: text, formula, drawing, and a hybrid of two or more types, 2) at least 75% of the notes, regardless of content type, manifest some degree of verbatim overlap with the corresponding video content, and 3) videos are referenced at three scales of temporal granularity: point, interval, and whole video. In Phase II, we designed a prototype mobile application, NoteLink, that retrieves instructional videos that are similar to students' notes. In Phase III, we ran a usability study with 12 engineering students to evaluate their preferences for the temporal granularity of retrieved videos and how search results are displayed. Students reported a preference for matches at the interval temporal granularity. Interviews with participants suggest that NoteLink-like tools for re-finding instructional videos are useful. In Phase IV, we evaluated the retrieval accuracy of NoteLink using the data collected in Phase I. The overall accuracy was 78%, and 98% for textual notes. We also provide design recommendations for optimizing NoteLink. |
9,089 | Please write an abstract with title: Synthetic astronomical image sequence generation, and key words: Degradation, Sensitivity, Extraterrestrial measurements, Cameras, Image sequences, Sensors, Image reconstruction. Abstract: Astronomical image reconstruction from multiple observations requires detailed knowledge of the imaging system. The reconstruction accuracy is determined by the imaging model correctness. Numerous parameters determine the model, and their precise estimation is a precondition for successful reconstruction. The best way to measure the model sensitivity on the parameter accuracy is a detailed simulation of the whole imaging process that takes into account all of the model parameters. The simulation enables an artificial manipulation of these parameters to reach the required accuracy. This paper describes a novel approach to generate a synthetic astronomical image sequence from the chosen star catalogs. Synthesis assumes point sources extracted from the catalogs and described through their angular position and magnitude in different spectral bands. The model parameters shall be tuned to the actual raw image captured by the SLR camera and chosen lens. The sequence of synthetic images of approximately the same part of the sky, but slightly shifted, is generated. The small shifts result that the light field integrates into different spatially displaced sampling grids, thus facilitating high-resolution image reconstruction from spatially subsampled projections. |
9,090 | Please write an abstract with title: Edge-Assisted Multi-Layer Offloading Optimization of LEO Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Networks, and key words: Satellites, Low earth orbit satellites, Task analysis, Servers, Optimization, Energy dissipation, Wireless communication. Abstract: Sixth-Generation (6G) technologies will revolutionize the wireless ecosystem by enabling the delivery of futuristic services through satellite-terrestrial integrated networks (STINs). As the number of subscribers connected to STINs increases, it becomes necessary to investigate whether the edge computing paradigm may be applied to low Earth orbit satellite (LEOS) networks for supporting computation-intensive and delay-sensitive services for anyone, anywhere, and at any time. Inspired by this research dilemma, we investigate a LEOS edge-assisted multi-layer multi-access edge computing (MEC) system. In this system, the MEC philosophy will be extended to LEOS, for defining the LEOS edge, in order to enhance the coverage of the multi-layer MEC system and address the users’ computing problems both in congested and isolated areas. We then design its operating offloading framework and explore its feasible implementation methodologies. In this context, we formulate a joint optimization problem for the associated communication and computation resource allocation for minimizing the overall energy dissipation of our LEOS edge-assisted multi-layer MEC system while maintaining a low computing latency. To solve the optimization problem effectively, we adopt the classic alternating optimization (AO) method for decomposing the original problem and then solve each sub-problem using low-complexity iterative algorithms. Finally, our numerical results show that the offloading scheme conceived achieves low computing latency and energy dissipation compared to the state-of-the-art solutions, a single layer MEC supported by LEOS or base stations (BS). |
9,091 | Please write an abstract with title: The stagewise Kuhn-Tucker condition and differential dynamic programming, and key words: Dynamic programming, Optimal control, Convergence, Jacobian matrices, Large-scale systems, Heuristic algorithms, Functional programming, Reservoirs, Fasteners. Abstract: The intention of this work is to describe and examine a differential dynamic programming (DDP) algorithm for constrained, discrete-time optimal control. This algorithm has performed successfully on a large-scale reservoir control problem [11]. The present paper gives conditions under which convergence to the stationary policy is assured. The convergence demonstration hinges upon a notion which we refer to as the "stagewise" Kuhn-Tucker condition. Strategies generated to satisfy this condition determine policies which satisfy the conventional Kuhn-Tucker condition. This observation may be of wider importance in discrete optimal control theory, for the stagewise condition might be a convenient criterion for constructing strategies. |
9,092 | Please write an abstract with title: Pre Evaluation of Power Grid Project Based on AHP and BPNN, and key words: Economics, Analytical models, Neural networks, Predictive models, Power grids, Data models, Safety. Abstract: The level of development of the power industry is an important indicator of a country's economic development. With the rapid development of China's national economy and society, the demand for electricity continues to increase, and in order to maintain the continuous and stable operation of the power system and the normal operation of social life, the number of power grid engineering projects in China has been increasing in recent years, and how to select suitable projects in the project database for implementation has become a key issue. This paper constructs a pre-evaluation model for power grid projects based on AHP hierarchical analysis and BP neural network from the perspectives of safety and reliability, operational efficiency and economic benefits of power grid projects, and tests the model by substituting the data from the validation set. The final empirical results show that the power grid projects in the investment planning database of China's State Grid Jiangsu Province Electric Power Company have strong implementability, and the pre-evaluation model constructed in this paper has strong reliability and accuracy, which can make effective evaluation of power grid projects. |
9,093 | Please write an abstract with title: Pseudo-Siamese Capsule Network for Aerial Remote Sensing Images Change Detection, and key words: Feature extraction, Remote sensing, Training data, Computer architecture, Silicon, Probability, Optical losses. Abstract: Facing the challenge of small open labeled data sets in remote sensing change detection, this letter proposes a novel supervised change detection method by taking advantages of capsule network which can reach the same performance as traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) but with less training data. To achieve this aim, we propose a pseudo-Siamese capsule network which takes both rotational invariance and spatial hierarchies between features into account for aerial images change detection. First, the features of image pairs are extracted by two identical nonshared weights convolutional capsule networks. Second, the extracted features are directly concatenated and sent to another convolutional capsule layer. The change probability map is obtained by calculating the length of the capsule vectors in the final layer. Additionally, to reduce the influence of imbalance samples when we optimize our network, we design a margin-focal loss function to pay more attention to the misclassified samples. Finally, binary change map can be produced by a simple threshold. Experimental results carried out on the SZTAKI AirChange Benchmark Set show that the proposed method achieves comparable and even better results with existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of F-measure. |
9,094 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Time Scale Smoothed Functional With Nesterov’s Acceleration, and key words: Approximation algorithms, Linear programming, Convergence, Prediction algorithms, Markov processes, Cost function, Trajectory. Abstract: Smoothed functional (SF) algorithm estimates the gradient of the stochastic optimization problem by convolution with a smoothening kernel. This process helps the algorithm to converge to a global minimum or a point close to it. We study a two-time scale SF based gradient search algorithm with Nesterov's acceleration for stochastic optimization problems. The main contribution of our work is to prove the convergence of this algorithm using the stochastic approximation theory. We propose a novel Lyapunov function to show the associated second-order ordinary differential equations' (o.d.e.) stability for a non-autonomous system. We compare our algorithm with other smoothed functional algorithms such as Quasi-Newton SF, Gradient SF and Jacobi Variant of Newton SF on two different optimization problems: first, on a simple stochastic function minimization problem, and second, on the problem of optimal routing in a queueing network. Additionally, we compared the algorithms on real weather data in a weather prediction task. Experimental results show that our algorithm performs significantly better than these baseline algorithms. |
9,095 | Please write an abstract with title: The structure of state covariances and its relation to the power spectrum of the input, and key words: Nonlinear filters, Covariance matrix, Stochastic processes, Equations, Spectral analysis, Interpolation, Vectors, Inverse problems, Time measurement, Statistical analysis. Abstract: We study the relationship between power spectra of stationary stochastic inputs to a linear filter and the corresponding state covariances, and identify the structure of positive-semidefinite matrices that qualify as state covariances of the filter. This structure is best revealed by a rank condition pertaining to the solvability of a linear equation involving the state covariance and the system matrices. We then characterize all input power spectra consistent with any specific state covariance. The parametrization of input spectra is achieved through a relation to solutions of an analytic interpolation problem which is analogous, but not equivalent, to a matricial Nehari problem. |
9,096 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing path expression queries of XML data, and key words: XML, Indexes, Fabrics, Query processing, Data engineering, Data models, Database languages, Navigation, Information security, Internet. Abstract: With the advent of XML as a standard for data representation and exchange on the Internet, storing and querying XML data becomes more and more important. This poses a new challenge concerning indexing and searching XML data, because conventional approaches based on relational model may not meet the processing requirements for XML data. In this paper, we propose a path index based on Patricia-tries, namely PT index. Our PT index structure offers several novel features. First, it can support to fast search data by its structure based on Patricia-tries. Second, the path indexes are compressed so that they can be stored in memory. Thirdly, because PT index includes structure and text of XML data, we can get the results from the PT index without reading original XML data from disk. We further analyze time complexity and space complexity of PT index. Experimental results from our prototype system implementation show that the PT index can outperform some representative index approaches, such as DataGuide, B+ tree index and Index Fabric. |
9,097 | Please write an abstract with title: Radiation Analysis in a Gradual 5G Network Deployment Strategy, and key words: Power system measurements, 5G mobile communication, Density measurement, Simulation, Poles and towers, Key performance indicator, Planning. Abstract: In a world where many overlapping 2G, 3G, and 4G electromagnetic radiation sources already exist, concerns regarding the potential increase in these radiation levels following the roll-out of 5G networks are growing. The deployment of 5G is expected to increase power density levels drastically, given the limitations of mmWave communications that impose a notably higher number of base stations to cover a given area of interest. In this paper, we propose a gradual deployment strategy of a 5G network for a small area in downtown Austin, Texas, using the already existing 4G LTE sites of the area. The radiated power density of the proposed 5G network is then analyzed according to several electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure limits and compared to the radiation levels of the same area where only the LTE network is present. Simulation results for the selected area demonstrate the significant increase in radiation levels resulting from the addition of 5G cell towers. |
9,098 | Please write an abstract with title: Sequential training of bootstrap aggregated neural networks for nonlinear systems modelling, and key words: Neural networks, Nonlinear systems, Training data, Chemical analysis, Chemical technology, Jacobian matrices, Control system analysis, Process control, Chemical processes, Chemical engineering. Abstract: A sequential training method for developing bootstrap aggregated neural network models is proposed in this paper. In this method, individual networks within a bootstrap aggregated neural network model are trained sequentially. The first network is trained to minimise its prediction error on the training data. In the training of subsequent networks, the training objective is not only to minimise the individual networks' prediction errors but also to minimise the correlation among the individual networks. Training data sets for the individual networks are different and are generated through bootstrap re-sampling of the original training data set. Training is terminated when the aggregated network prediction performance cannot be further improved. An application example demonstrates the superior performance of this neural network training strategy. |
9,099 | Please write an abstract with title: SCA: A Secure CNN Accelerator for Both Training and Inference, and key words: Training, Performance evaluation, Stochastic processes, Fingerprint recognition, Robustness, Hardware, Explosions. Abstract: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), while being widely deployed to edge devices, face increasingly requirements for IP protection, i.e., the protection of the models and their weights. This becomes particularly challenging for those that demand post-deployment training to enhance inference performance. Existing schemes focus mainly on IP protection at the inference phase, and lack the ability to extend to the training phase. In this paper, we propose SCA, a secure CNN accelerator that exploits stochastic computing to achieve IP protection at both training and inference phases. We propose hybrid stochastic addition and weight remapping to further optimize space utilization and design robustness. Our experimental results show that SCA effectively prevents pirating the CNN IP from the authorized devices. In addition, it achieves 4.8× and 34.2× speedups and 84.3% and 98.5% energy reductions over a non-secure baseline and an inference-only secure baseline, respectively. |
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