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8,900 | Please write an abstract with title: Automated Hardware and Neural Network Architecture co-design of FPGA accelerators using multi-objective Neural Architecture Search, and key words: Performance evaluation, Artificial neural networks, Tools, Throughput, Hardware, Field programmable gate arrays, Research and development. Abstract: State-of-the-art Neural Network Architectures (NNAs) are challenging to design and implement efficiently in hardware. In the past couple of years, this has led to an explosion in research and development of automatic Neural Architecture Search (NAS) tools. AutoML tools are now used to achieve state of the art NNA designs and attempt to optimize for hardware usage and design. Much of the recent research in the auto-design of NNAs has focused on convolution networks and image recognition, ignoring the fact that a significant part of the workload in data centers is general-purpose deep neural networks. In this work, we develop and test a general multilayer perceptron (MLP) flow that can take arbitrary datasets as input and automatically produce optimized NNAs and hardware designs. We test the flow on six benchmarks. Our results show we exceed the performance of currently published MLP accuracy results and are competitive with non-MLP based results. We compare general and common GPU architectures with our scalable FPGA design and show we can achieve higher efficiency and higher throughput (outputs per second) for the majority of datasets. Further insights into the design space for both accurate networks and high performing hardware shows the power of co-design by correlating accuracy versus throughput, network size versus accuracy, and scaling to high-performance devices. |
8,901 | Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication of Tm/sup 2+//Tm/sup 3+/ co-doped silica fiber and its fluorescence characteristics, and key words: Fabrication, Silicon compounds, Fluorescence, Optical fibers, Absorption, Doping, Optical pumping, Fiber lasers, Preforms, Fiber nonlinear optics. Abstract: For the first time, we have fabricated divalent thulium doped silica optical fiber. The measured fluorescence between 600 nm and 1500 nm upon pumping at 514 nm using Ar ion laser was due to the Tm/sup 2+/ ions in the core of the fiber. |
8,902 | Please write an abstract with title: Propagation Along a Braided Coaxial Cable in a Circular Tunnel, and key words: Coaxial cables, Impedance, Wire, Conductive films, Boundary conditions, Conductors, Dielectric losses, Dielectric constant, Permeability, Conducting materials. Abstract: The modes of propagation along a coaxial structure contained within a circular tunnel are considered. The primary objective is to develop an approximate impedance boundary condition at the outer surface of the shielded cable that can be used in previously developed formalisms for axial conductors in tunnels. It is assumed that the metal braid can be characterized by a surface-transfer impedance. We also account for the possibility that a Iossy film exists on the outer surface of the dielectric jacket of the cable. |
8,903 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental study on limiting operation of superconducting fault current limiter in double circuit transmission line model system, and key words: Superconducting transmission lines, Fault current limiters, Distributed parameter circuits, Power system reliability, Power system modeling, Power transmission lines, Power system faults, Circuit testing, Synchronous generators, Current limiters. Abstract: Superconducting fault current limiters (SCFCLs) are expected to improve the reliability of power systems. To introduce SCFCLs in power systems, the accuracy of the trigger current level is necessary. Therefore, an SCFCL with adjustable trigger current level was proposed and made. Limiting tests of the SCFCLs are carried out by use of an artificial transmission line with a synchronous generator. In this paper, the results of current limiting operation and some considerations are described. It is confirmed that the SCFCLs can select the fault phases and the transient stability is improved by the limiting operation of the SCFCLs. |
8,904 | Please write an abstract with title: Research of the Transport Terminal Position Based on the Analysis of the Digital Circos Model, and key words: Analytical models, Decision making, Organizations, Predictive models, Seaports, Position measurement, Data models. Abstract: Modern ports and terminals (transport hubs) are complex technical systems, the efficiency of which depends on the parameters of internal processes, and their organization of work and the influence of the external environment. One of the measurable parameters, based on statistical data on the work during the reporting period, is the state of the terminal for processing the incoming flow and its position in relation to other terminals. The issue of determining the position of the terminal in relation to other terminals is relevant in the case of competition, as well as in the formation of development strategy, changes and modernization of infrastructure. Today, it is necessary to use models and methods that provide a complete system picture of the position of a transportation hub, its relationship with other terminals to form a set of variables for decision-making on infrastructure modernization. The article offers a mathematical model and a practical solution for determining the state of a transport terminal in a region, relative to other terminals, based on the use of the "Circus" model and its graphical implementation. The proposed solution connects both the data of the selected terminal and the existing route networks, which allows for a multi-criteria study and assessment of the mutual influence of the carrier and the terminal. The proposed solution can be used both for operational research of operational efficiency and for solving the issue of forecasting the terminal development, modeling various scenarios of infrastructure changes in order to change the position and role of the transport hub in the region. |
8,905 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Distribution Network Reconfiguration Implemented with Tie Line and Capacitor Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization, and key words: Energy loss, Technological innovation, Reactive power, Power demand, Capacitors, Distribution networks, Power industry. Abstract: Regarding the increase in electrical power demands, distributed generations (DGs) from renewable energy resources are becoming essential for electrical generation systems. However, there are no specific requirements for DGs allocation in a distribution network. The improper installation of the DGs can cause crucial issues to electric utilities and customers, such as the increase in energy losses and the improper voltage drop in the networks. In this paper, the optimal distribution network reconfiguration implemented with a tie line and a capacitor is proposed to enhance system efficiency and mitigate the impacts of the improper DGs installation. The optimal allocation of the tie line and the capacitor is determined using an improved particle swarm optimization (I-PSO) technique to minimize the energy losses and improve the voltage profile. The proposed network reconfiguration approach is implemented into a practical distribution network with a high installed capacity of the biomass DG unit from Kamphaeng Phet province, Thailand. The simulation test results show that the proposed approach can significantly reduce not only the energy losses but also the voltage drop in the network. |
8,906 | Please write an abstract with title: An Autofocus Approach With Applications to Ionospheric Scintillation Compensation for Spaceborne SAR Images, and key words: Elongation, Radar polarimetry, Synthetic aperture radar, L-band, Electronics packaging, Correlation, Azimuth. Abstract: Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, operating at L-band or lower, are very susceptible to ionospheric scintillation. The scintillation phase error (SPE) can bring about serious azimuth decorrelation and resolution loss. Compared with the motion phase error, the SPE takes on a much stronger spatial-variation both in along-track and across-track orientations, and its anisotropic feature makes the compensation more intractable. In this article, the phase gradient autofocus (PGA) is used for the first time to compensate the spatial-varying and anisotropic SPE for spaceborne SAR images. It begins with achieving a reliable SPE estimate by applying PGA to a strong scatterer. According to the preknowledge of the phase screen altitude and the anisotropic elongation heading, the emphasis is then on estimating the SPEs for other pixels from the well-estimated SPE, based on the mutual correlation and overlapping of SPEs. The pixel-by-pixel strategy is adopted for the final compensation. The proposed methodology is very appropriate for SAR images with few corner reflectors, which is validated on a simulated L-band stripmap data and a PALSAR-2 spotlight real data. It shows more powerful utility than the classical PGA. The performance analysis is implemented with regard to two necessary factors, which further confirms the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. |
8,907 | Please write an abstract with title: Wafer Defect Pattern Classification with Explainable-Decision Tree Technique, and key words: Training, Fabrication, Root cause analysis, Manufacturing processes, Pattern classification, Pattern recognition, Decision trees. Abstract: Local defect patterns (LDP) in wafer maps are usually induced by problems in the manufacturing process. Therefore, defect pattern recognition is useful for root cause analysis, which is very important for yield optimization. Machine learning (ML) based methods can achieve good LDP recognition rate. In general, these techniques are designed to identify spatial patterns, which may not directly linked to the root cause. Besides, ML methods are more time-consuming because of the training process. In this paper, we propose to apply a rule-based method for LDP classification such that the recognized patterns are explainable. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves roughly the same level of accuracy as other ML methods while the exaction time is much faster. |
8,908 | Please write an abstract with title: Automated Image Processing Based 3D Printed Scaffolds For Critical Size Bone Fracture Treatment, and key words: Training, Image segmentation, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Thresholding (Imaging), Computed tomography, Simulated annealing. Abstract: Bone tissues in critical size bone fracture cases do not re-generate naturally and require special treatment procedures, such as cast alignments, support plates and bone grafting. These procedures are risky and often have high rejection rates. Modern clinical procedures use scaffold implants that can facilitate the process of healing with a lesser risk, provide mechanical support and a porous, nutritious medium for bone tissue regeneration and recovery. They require special training, tools, and significant time to be manufactured, and are generally made at a dedicated laboratory. The whole process takes around a week to be manufactured and implanted in the fracture site. In this work a novel technique for automatic segmentation of bone fractures from CT scan images to facilitate the process of manufacturing the patient-specific scaffolds in a significantly shorter time, without the need of skilled personnel has been presented. To achieve this, the procedure of generating 3D printable models was automated using image processing and machine learning algorithms. For this, 3D CT (Computed Tomography) images were used as input (as a series of 2D slices), acquired using a micro-CT scanner for the approach. After pre-processing the acquired images (filtering), thresholding segmentation was applied to extract the bone from the scan. This step is followed by orientation optimization of the segmentation result, by taking advantage of a global optimization technique, namely Simulated Annealing, to ensure maximized visibility of the fracture in a projected view of the volume by projecting the volume on a 2D surface. Binary hole-filling techniques and bone thickness estimation is then used to create a 3D template (model) to be sent for scaffold printing to a compatible 3D printer. Experiments with both synthetic and real datasets show that the proposed method is an effective approach for creating rapid, precise, and patient-specific 3D scaffolds to treat critical-size bone fractures. |
8,909 | Please write an abstract with title: Three-Dimensional Modeling of Millimeter-Wave MIMO Channels for UAV-Based Communications, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, MIMO communication, Correlation, Solid modeling, Probability density function, Atmospheric modeling, Antenna arrays. Abstract: The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and millimeter wave (mmWave) technology can provide high data rate for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless networks. In this paper, a non-stationary geometric mmWave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model is proposed for air-to-air (A2A) communications based on a three-dimensional (3D) cylinder model. To describe the real A2A propagation environments, a two-state continuous-time Markov process is introduced to model the dynamic properties (appearance and disappearance) of scatterers. The movements of the transmitter and receiver result in time-varying angles and propagation distances that make the model more general. Based on the proposed model, the space-time-frequency correlation functions are derived using the survival probabilities of scatterers. The effects of some important model parameters on channel correlation and non-stationarity are investigated. The observations and conclusions can be used to evaluate and optimize the performance of mmWave UAV A2A communication systems. |
8,910 | Please write an abstract with title: Co-simulation of dynamic compact models of packages with the detailed models of printed circuit boards, and key words: Packaging, Printed circuits, Steady-state, Temperature, Frequency domain analysis, Heat transfer, Integrated circuit modeling, Equations, Laboratories, Impedance. Abstract: Presents an algorithm for the co-simulation of packages given with the RC compact models and the printed circuit boards. This enables on one hand the correct detailed consideration of the heat transfer in the board, on the other hand the calculation of the exact junction temperatures within the packages. Considering individual heat transfer coefficients for each package, or even to each side of the packages is possible. The main advantage is that the methodology keeps the fastness and user friendliness of the board level solvers, while giving information also about the details of the temperatures within or at the surfaces of the packages. |
8,911 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental validation of analysis software for tunable microstrip filters on magnetized ferrites, and key words: Magnetic separation, Magnetic analysis, Microstrip filters, Ferrites, Magnetostatic waves, Magnetic field measurement, Frequency, Magnetic domains, Bandwidth, Tuning. Abstract: Measurements are presented for microstrip filters on layered media containing magnetized ferrites. The measurements show that the filters can be tuned by adjusting the magnitude of the magnetic-bias field. The measured results are compared with full-wave numerical results obtained by the authors via the method of moments in the spectral domain. The agreement between experimental and numerical results is reasonably good. The results show that the bandwidth of the filters appreciably decreases as the tuning frequency increases for frequencies located above the magnetostatic waves range (MWR). However, tuning is achieved without substantial bandwidth reduction for frequencies located below the MWR. |
8,912 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of the Frequency Dependence of the AC Resistors Used in the Quadrature Bridge of the BIPM, and key words: Resistors, Electrical resistance measurement, Frequency measurement, Bridge circuits, Radio frequency, Frequency dependence, Resistance. Abstract: At the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Sèvres, France, the capacitance unit is linked to a dc quantized Hall resistance (QHR) by means of impedance bridges and stable transfer standards, establishing traceability to the defining fundamental constants of the International System of Units (SI). In the ohm-farad linking chain, a key step is the determination of the frequency dependence of two ac resistors. In this article, it is described how this determination was recently made using two different impedance bridges and how the results are validated using regression analysis. |
8,913 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical Fiber Communication Systems in Japan, and key words: Optical fiber communication, Optical waveguides, Optical fibers, Millimeter wave technology, Coaxial components, Electromagnetic waveguides, Rectangular waveguides, Baseband, Electromagnetic spectrum, Microwave communication. Abstract: A dream of telecommunication engineers has long been a development of practical transmission media for large capacity transmission systems. In accordance with various microwave and millimeter-wave technologies, coaxial, rectangular and circular waveguides were extensively studied for baseband signal through millimeterwave signal transmission. The research on optical fibers was motivated by this background with a more ambitious program of attempting to use the entire electromagnetic spectrum for communication. The invention of the laser stimulated the development of optical fibers. |
8,914 | Please write an abstract with title: Solution of Placement and Sizing of Capacitor Problem in Distribution System using Hybrid Approach of Archimedes Optimization Algorithm, and key words: distribution network, optimization techniques, optimal capacitor size, annual operating cost. Abstract: Electric power distribution is the last stage in providing power from power plant to end-clients. Low-voltage profile and high power misfortunes are the significant issues in distribution networks because of load extension and inductive nature of load. Low voltages, which bring about unusual activity of the machines and influence their lifetime, are more antagonistic for customers situated at the far closes from the inventory side. A distributed systems is alluded as a connection point among massive power system and buyers. Different issues are loss of force during transmission, variable voltage profile, expanding cost of system and so on capacitors are utilized for execution upgrade of the system. Because all of these issues straightforwardly impacted by execution or energy proficiency of the system. There are different strategies which are utilized for ideal position of the capacitors in distributed power system. In this article the Archimedes optimization algorithm will be implemented for finding the optimal value of capacitor and then placement of optimized capacitor value at IEEE 15 bus test system to improve the performance of the system. The results of the optimization and system performance will be compared with the Polar Bear Optimization Techniques. |
8,915 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time Schedule Algorithm with Temporal and Spatial Isolation Feature for Mixed Criticality System, and key words: Schedules, Power demand, Costs, Operating systems, Software algorithms, Hardware, Real-time systems. Abstract: With the continuous development of science and information technology, mixed criticality system(MCS) is more widely used in the embedded devices such as autonomous driving vehicles. The number and variety of programs with different importance in the system are increasing. Previous mixed criticality systems placed applications with different critical levels on different hardware platforms, which was a spatial isolation technique. However, this approach creates additional problems, such as high power consumption and complex hardware design. To reduce the design complexity and cost of mixed criticality systems, embedded operating systems should satisfy the demand that applications with different critical levels would run simultaneously on unique hardware platform such as system on chip(soc). In this paper, we propose a mixed criticality system model and a scheduling strategy with low overhead, high performance, and real-time features for embedded operating system. We implement and experiment them on our own microkernel operating system named Mginkgo. The test results show that our design comes with minimal overhead, and supports temporal-isolated and spatial-isolated. |
8,916 | Please write an abstract with title: Closure on "Equilibrium of auction markets with unit commitment: the need for augmented pricing", and key words: Pricing, Electricity supply industry, Measurement standards, Lagrangian functions, Particle measurements, Costs, Economic forecasting, Centralized control, Sufficient conditions. Abstract: The authors reply to the comments by M. Madrigal (see ibid., vol.18, no.2, p.961, 2003) on their original paper (see ibid., vol.17, p.798-805, 2002), answering the two questions he raised. |
8,917 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-code ultra-wideband signaling using chirp waveforms, and key words: Ultra wideband technology, Chirp, OFDM, FCC, Acoustic pulses, Timing, Signal resolution, Matched filters, Correlators, Surface acoustic wave devices. Abstract: We propose an ultra-wideband (UWB) scheme that employs chirp waveforms. Signals satisfying the FCC requirements for UWB applications are formed by using multiple linear frequency-modulated (chirped) waveforms. This scheme has the merits of both the multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) UWB scheme such as continuous-wave transmission, and the pulsed UWB scheme such as accurate timing for position location and rich resolvable multipath components. Another advantage unique to the proposed scheme is that passive, low-cost implementation of matched filters/correlators using surface acoustic wave devices is possible, whereas OFDM-UWB must rely on high-speed sampling combined with powerful digital signal processing. We present the details of chirp waveforms for UWB signaling, explore the correlation properties of the multi-codes, study the receiver structures, and simulate the error performance of the proposed scheme in indoor multipath fading environments |
8,918 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating PID Control for Supply Chain Management: A Freshman Design Project, and key words: Three-term control, Supply chain management, Supply chains, Delay systems, Control systems, Application software, Control engineering, Problem-solving, Inventory management, Pi control. Abstract: Supply chain management is concerned with the efficient movement of goods through a network of suppliers and retailers. As delayed dynamical systems, supply chains represent an excellent opportunity for illustrating the benefits of engineering control principles to what may normally be perceived as a "business" process. This paper describes an Excel modeling project developed by the authors for a first-year engineering course at Arizona State University that 1) introduces students to a meaningful application of control engineering principles, and 2) enables them to develop their computer-based problem-solving skills. The project contrasts standard inventory management policies based on traditional Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) approaches with a judiciously-designed Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller in the case of a single inventory in a supply chain. A well-tuned PID-based policy is able to generate effective decisions on orders that ultimately reduce the need for safety stock, eliminate backorders, and mitigate the "bullwhip effect"; such behavior in an actively managed supply chain represents desirable outcomes for the enterprise. |
8,919 | Please write an abstract with title: Handover Optimization for VANET in 5G Networks, and key words: Cellular networks, 5G mobile communication, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Handover, Prediction algorithms, Proposals, 3GPP. Abstract: VANETs are characterized by the rapid changes in network topology due to their random movement patterns and their high-speed mobility. Hence, the support of efficient mobility management solutions become an important feature in VANET. Most of VANET applications need internet access almost everywhere and at any time without interruption. Thus, ensuring a seamless connection and enhanced throughput performance requires an improved handover strategy. In this paper, we introduce a new hand over optimization method for the 5G cellular network. A mobility prediction algorithm coupled with previous handover events logs was used to predict when and where the handover will occur in the network. In the proposed work, we aim to minimize the number of handover events without degrading network performance. A simulation-based performance study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, and the results were compared to the 3GPP conventional handover solution. It was found that our proposed solution reduces the number of handover events without affecting the network quality. |
8,920 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Fixed-Time Control for the Postcapture Tethered Spacecraft With Full-State Constraints, and key words: Space vehicles, Uncertainty, Aerospace electronics, Backstepping, Convergence, Robots, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: This article studies the fixed-time control problem for the postcapture tethered spacecraft subject to full-state constraints and uncertainties. A $\mathcal {C}^{1}$ smooth adaptive fixed-time controller is constructed via introducing a smooth switch between fractional and quadratic form feedback, such that the undesired chattering and singularity issues are removed. With the aid of universal transformed function technique, the proposed controller not only ensures that the constraint boundaries are not violated, but also eliminates the feasibility condition existing in the traditional barrier Lyapunov functions-based control solutions. Furthermore, by incorporating the generalized first-order filter and adaptive laws into control design procedure, the fixed-time stability of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed. The validity of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated by a simulation example. |
8,921 | Please write an abstract with title: China’s Tourism Industrial Upgrading and Transformation Strategies and Countermeasures in the Background of Big Data, and key words: Industries, Big Data, Technological innovation, Business, Transportation, Indexes, Internet. Abstract: A relatively systematic analysis on development status of China's tourism industry in the era of big data was carried out based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with considerations to the structural characteristics of the industry. Moreover, some upgrading and transformation strategies were proposed for China's tourism industry based on analysis results. |
8,922 | Please write an abstract with title: Scattering parameter active filters with reduced number of active elements, and key words: Scattering parameters, Active filters, RLC circuits, Filtering theory, Band pass filters, Voltage, Polynomials, Cutoff frequency, Resonance, Integrated circuit interconnections. Abstract: A certain disadvantage of scattering parameter RC-active filters is the great number of necessary active elements. In this paper a method is presented which provides a means to implement scattering parameter active filters with fewer active components. A decrease of the maximum voltage peaks within the filters due to resonant effects is an additional advantageous feature of the proposed approach. |
8,923 | Please write an abstract with title: Sustainability Assessment of Flywheel Energy Storage for Grid Applications, and key words: Costs, Vacuum systems, Rotors, Iron, Raw materials, Global warming, Flywheels. Abstract: Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) Systems could be exploited to support energy transition maintaining, at the same time, secure conditions in electricity grids. Among the current remunerated services, they can be deployed for Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) and automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve (aFRR). However, several aspects have to be addressed, such as environmental impacts of these systems, and the costs. Additionally, since the exploitation of scarce raw materials for the assembling, also risk on supply disruption for these materials has to be taking into account. Main indicators exploited to evaluate Flywheels are the Global Warming Potential, the Cumulative Energy Demand, the Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS) and the Supply Risk Indicator for Raw Materials. Most impacting components for Cumulative Energy Demand and Global Warming Potential are represented by the steel-based Vacuum Chamber and the Power Conversion System. Investment costs and charging costs are instead major contributors in LCOS, whereas replacement costs have a small contribution on it. The Supply Risk, assessed first for raw materials and then aggregated for the entire FES, is influenced mostly by Natural Graphite and Aluminium. Results on risk are almost not affected by considering the elements contained within the FES instead of raw materials. Finally, the comparison between greenhouse gases emitted during the manufacturing stage of alternative Storage Technologies shows that FES is the highest emitter, due to a low Energy on Power ratio. |
8,924 | Please write an abstract with title: A genetic algorithm for energy efficient device scheduling in real-time systems, and key words: Genetic algorithms, Energy efficiency, Real time systems, Embedded system, Energy consumption, Batteries, Energy management, Power system management, Operating systems, Control systems. Abstract: Most embedded systems have tight constraints on power consumption because the amount of power available to these systems is limited due to the limitation of battery life. For this reason energy consumption is an important parameter in evaluating performance of embedded systems. DPM (dynamic power management) has gained considerable attention over the last few years as a way to save energy in device that can be turned on and off by operating system control. Scheduling is very important for DPM since it directly affects the efficiency of DPM. We have implemented a customised genetic algorithm which generates a near-optimal device schedule for a set of real-time tasks, with the goal of minimising the power consumed. When compared with other schedulers, the genetic algorithm based system is shown to have less memory and time requirements and scale far better as the problem complexity is increased. |
8,925 | Please write an abstract with title: Object-Based Augmentation for Building Semantic Segmentation: Ventura and Santa Rosa Case Study, and key words: Training, Image segmentation, Computer vision, Satellites, Semantics, Buildings, Pipelines. Abstract: Today deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) push the limits for most computer vision problems, define trends, and set state-of-the-art results. In remote sensing tasks such as object detection and semantic segmentation, CNNs reach the SotA performance. However, for precise performance, CNNs require much high-quality training data. Rare objects and the variability of environmental conditions strongly affect prediction stability and accuracy. To overcome these data restrictions, it is common to consider various approaches including data augmentation techniques. This study focuses on the development and testing of object-based augmentation. The practical usefulness of the developed augmentation technique is shown in the remote sensing domain, being one of the most demanded in effective augmentation techniques. We propose a novel pipeline for georeferenced image augmentation that enables a significant increase in the number of training samples. The presented pipeline is called object-based augmentation (OBA) and exploits objects’ segmentation masks to produce new realistic training scenes using target objects and various label-free backgrounds. We test the approach on the buildings segmentation dataset with different CNN architectures (U-Net, FPN, HRNet) and show that the proposed method benefits for all the tested models. We also show that further augmentation strategy optimization can improve the results. The proposed method leads to the meaningful improvement of U-Net model predictions from 0.78 to 0.83 F1-score. |
8,926 | Please write an abstract with title: Modelling of photonic crystal devices, and key words: Photonic crystals, Electromagnetic waveguides, Optical waveguides, Waveguide theory, Optical propagation, Optical waveguide theory, Circuits, Transmission line theory, Planar waveguides, Nonlinear optics. Abstract: Recent advancements in the theoretical analysis of photonic crystal planar waveguides and devices will be reviewed. A new design principle, that we proposed recently, will be illustrated, and compared with numerical techniques in current use. Examples of applications will be also provided. |
8,927 | Please write an abstract with title: Physical and Electromagnetic Properties of Customized Coatings for SNS Injection Ceramic Chambers and Extraction Ferrite Kickers, and key words: Coatings, Ceramics, Ferrites, Tin, Electron beams, Strips, Electromagnetic shielding, Eddy currents, Heating, Optical coupling. Abstract: In the SNS accumulator ring, ceramic vacuum chambers are used for the 8 injection kickers to avoid shielding of a fast-changing kicker field and to minimize eddy current heating. The inner surface of the ceramic chambers was coated with Cu to reduce the beam coupling impedance and provide passage for beam image current, and a TiN over layer to reduce secondary electron yield. The ferrite surfaces of the 14 extraction kicker modules were also coated with TiN. Customized masks were used to produce longitudinal coating strips of 1 cm x 5 cm with ∼ 1 mm separation among the strips. The coating methods, the physical and electromagnetic properties of the coatings and the effect to the beam and to the electron cloud build-up are summarized. |
8,928 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of Food Waste through Object Recognition, and key words: Food waste, Databases, Cameras, Sensors, Training, Hardware, Production. Abstract: The goal of the paper is to design and implement a system to measure food waste in Pierce Dining Hall on the campus of Stevens Institute of Technology. The system would likely utilize a camera to identify types of food waste based on a database containing several varieties of food. Some important variables to consider are the amount of food made initially, the amount of food waste after disposal (potentially determined through weight, density, etc.), and the amount of food taken from the serving line. These data values can be analyzed and compared to promote efficiency of food production and the minimization of food waste in the future. To achieve this, the team utilized machine learning to train a convolutional neural network to identify food items, a Raspberry Pi with connected sensors to collect images and run them through the trained model, and a remote database server to collect data. The team was successful in assembling and testing the hardware and training the neural network, but, due to the global health situation, the ability to test the system as a whole was limited. |
8,929 | Please write an abstract with title: Control of a Single Phase Integrated Battery Charger with Active Power Decoupling for Electric Vehicles, and key words: Legged locomotion, Battery chargers, Time-frequency analysis, Windings, Transportation, Traction motors, Electric vehicles. Abstract: Pollutants released from the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles is having a significant impact on the atmosphere and is causing climate change. This global concern is increasing the demand for electric vehicles and paved the way for research in more sophisticated technologies associated with Electric Vehicles. A major concern for consumers while purchasing an EV is very little availability of charging infrastructure. So, the on-board chargers have drawn attention, but they have some drawbacks. Integrated Battery Charger (IBC) concept is derived from on-board chargers and has several advantages such as reduced cost, weight and charging time of EV etc. The single phase grid connected systems consists of oscillating power which is twice the grid frequency, which decreases the performance and lifetime of the batteries. The proposed active power decoupling scheme will divert this oscillating power from the DC bus and stored in the third phase winding of the motor and released as and when required using second and third leg of the inverter. So, a single-phase IBC with active front end converter (FEC) is proposed which incorporates an active power decoupling scheme. The proposed scheme of IBC with active power decoupling is validated through extensive simulation in MATLAB-SIMULINK platform and experimental results are also included. |
8,930 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of Bubble Dynamics in Liquid under Impulse Voltage, and key words: Viscosity, Insulation, Liquids, Simulation, Voltage, Discharges (electric), Dielectrics. Abstract: Bubbles in liquid insulation systems have always troubled engineers and equipment managers, such as bubbles in power transformers. Since bubbles are very easy to induce discharge and even insulation breakdown, they pose a great threat to the safety of power equipment. The dynamic behavior of a bubble under the electric field has a significant impact on its discharge characteristics, but compared to a steady electric field, there are few reports on the bubble behavior under impulse electric field. In this paper, a multi-physics simulation model coupled with electric field, flow field and phase field was established to study the dynamic behavior of bubbles under the action of pulsed electric field. The simulation results showed that under the pulsed electric field, the non-conductive bubble would stretch in the electric field direction. The bubble was ellipsoidal under the lower electric field intensity, and became dumbbell-shaped under the higher electric field intensity. The degree of bubble deformation increased with the applied electric field strength and bubble radius. In addition, there was a hysteresis in the deformation of the bubble under the action of the pulsed electric field, and the analysis showed that this was caused by the characteristic time of the fluid. For conductive bubbles under the action of a pulsed electric field, it was found that even at low field strengths, the bubbles had instability, which may have a profound impact on the discharge characteristics of the liquid. |
8,931 | Please write an abstract with title: Windowed Linear Feature Extraction for Hyperspectral Image Processing, and key words: Covariance matrices, Microsoft Windows, Principal component analysis, Feature extraction, Hyperspectral imaging, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Iron. Abstract: The rich spectral information provided by hyperspectral images (HSIs) are useful in discriminating between land cover classes. However, the limited number of training samples in comparison to the dimensionality of HSIs makes feature extraction a necessary step before classification. A common feature extraction algorithm is the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which has a drawback of discarding useful discriminative information in its lower eigenvectors. This paper proposes a new feature extraction method which addresses the limitation of PCA for HSI processing. The proposed approach which we refer to as Win-PCA attempts to reduce to reduce the loss of spatial information by partitioning the HSI into several windows and compute covariances for each window partition. Experiments performed to compare the conventional PCA and its other variants with WinPCA using the AVIRIS Indian Pine data show that the proposed WinPCA method performs better. |
8,932 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Speech Emotion Recognition Using Ensemble Method of Supervised Classifiers, and key words: Support vector machines, Radio frequency, Emotion recognition, Speech recognition, Feature extraction, Boosting, Mel frequency cepstral coefficient. Abstract: Speech is the most natural way of expressing ourselves. Speech Emotion Recognition has become a significant research field that is used in many applications nowadays. Main precept of such research is to improve human machine interaction. This research accentuates on recognizing several emotions from audio speech. The work is done by extracting features and using these features in classifying emotions. Eight types of emotions such as neutral, fearful, happy, angry, sad, disgust, calm and surprised have been classified. Features have been extracted using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficents (MFCCs). There are six types of supervised classifiers - multilayer perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF), AdaBoost, support vector machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Hist Gradient Boosting (HGB) have been used for classification. In this research, a new method for emotion recognition from speech has been proposed. The accuracy rate of MLP, AdaBoost, SVM, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Hist Gradient Boosting are 53%, 32%, 54%, 58%, 56% and 59%, respectively. Further investigation was performed using ensemble method which one is consists of RF, GB and HGB and the obtained accuracy rate is 70%. Precision, Recall and F1-Score were calculated for evaluation of accuracy. Finally, based on a comparative analysis among six classifiers and other existing methods, it is revealed that Ensemble Method is one of the best alternative techniques for emotion recognition from speech. |
8,933 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural meshes: statistical learning based on normals, and key words: Statistical learning, Neural networks, Application software, Surface reconstruction, Clouds, Computer graphics, Geometry, Reconstruction algorithms, Statistical analysis, Computer vision. Abstract: We present a method for the adaptive reconstruction of a surface directly from an unorganized point cloud. The algorithm is based on an incrementally expanding neural network and the statistical analysis of its learning process. In particular, we make use of the simple observation that during the learning process the normal of a vertex near a sharp edge or a high curvature area of the target space, statistically, will vary more than the normal of a vertex near a flat area. We use the information obtained from the study of these normal variations to steer the learning process in an adaptive meshing application, producing meshes with more triangles near the high curvature areas. The same information is used in a feature detection application. |
8,934 | Please write an abstract with title: Human Emotion Estimation Using Multi-Modal Variational AutoEncoder with Time Changes, and key words: Brain, Conferences, Estimation, Probabilistic logic, Life sciences, Noise measurement. Abstract: A human emotion estimation method via feature integration using multi-modal variational autoencoder (MVAE) with time changes is presented in this paper. To utilize multi-modal information such as gaze and brain activity data including some noises, the proposed method newly introduces MVAE into the human emotion estimation. Furthermore, the proposed MVAE can consider the changes in bio-signals with time and reduce the effect of noises caused in bio-signals by using the probabilistic variation. Experimental results with that of some state-of-the-art methods indicate that the proposed method is effective. |
8,935 | Please write an abstract with title: Effective application of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) to load leveling for high speed transportation system, and key words: Superconducting magnetic energy storage, Samarium, Substations, Fluctuations, Frequency, Pulsed power supplies, Power demand, Rail transportation, Costs, Batteries. Abstract: The consecutive pulse power demand of the high speed transportation systems like Shinkansen, gives deteriorative influences to the power supply system and increases its operational costs. To cope with this problem, it has been studied to install the superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) in railway substations. However, the scale of installation becomes too large because of low space factor of SMES, and hampers its realization. Then, it is considered to use SMES only for suppression of the high frequency component of load fluctuation, and to combine with a large capacity battery storage (BEMS), which can not follow fast fluctuation and covers its low frequency component. A novel control scheme of this combined energy storage system is proposed. The fluctuation of power demand caused by high speed train operations in a railway substation is measured separately in the frequency range and used to regulate both SMES and BEMS to suppress fluctuation. With simulation studies based on the load model of high speed train operation at a certain substation, this hybrid approach and its control scheme are verified effective. The system configuration is compact enough to be installed at a substation. |
8,936 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation factors for multi-stakeholder broadband visual communication projects, and key words: Broadband communication, Visual communication, Videoconference, Collaborative work, Councils, Space technology, International collaboration, Communications technology, Information technology, Context. Abstract: The paper presents a summary of multifaceted evaluation factors that we have identified through our research with Broadband Visual Communication (BVC) projects involving multiple stakeholders. The main benefit of these evaluation factors is that they provide a general evaluation framework for multiple stakeholder projects. The factors are social infrastructure, technical infrastructure, physical space, interaction style and content. |
8,937 | Please write an abstract with title: Work in progress - effect of instructional design and pair programming on student performance in an introductory programming course, and key words: Programming profession, Portfolios, Java, Object oriented modeling, Object oriented programming, Educational institutions, Humans, Educational programs, Computer science, Laboratories. Abstract: California State University Monterey Bay (CSUMB) uses an outcomes-based delivery philosophy and focuses on measurable student learning. Because of the required outcome it was determined that the students needed more scaffolding or "metacognitive support" than is typically afforded in the introductory programming courses. The students were simply not capable of making the jump from simple programming concepts to being able to deliver a satisfactory completed portfolio piece. This paper reports on a study that investigated use of pair programming as a delivery methodology for an introductory Java programming course. |
8,938 | Please write an abstract with title: AC-Domain Comparison of Switched Mode Power Supply, and key words: Buck converters, Power measurement, Current measurement, Perturbation methods, Switched mode power supplies, Transfer functions, Switches. Abstract: Designing control system of dc/ dc converters involves accurate measurement of every transfer function form the control input of the system to the measured state variable, that is controlled. The simple case of voltage mode control of dc/dc converters is easy to experimentally verify, as there is no ambiguity where the perturbation signal from the vector network analyzer may be inserted. This is not the case for current-mode control, where the two closed loops are present and the perturbation may be inserted in everyone of them. How to measure the closed loop transfer functions in this case is the spotlight of this paper. |
8,939 | Please write an abstract with title: Species Distribution Modeling with Spatial Point Process: Comparing Poisson and Zero Inflated Poisson-Based Algorithms, and key words: Maximum likelihood estimation, Parameter estimation, Vegetation, Forestry, Data science, Mathematical models, Data models. Abstract: Spatial point pattern is randomly arranged collection of points distributed over space, such as the locations of a tree species in a forest. Such a study is also commonly known as Species Distribution Modeling (SDM), where the main concern is to relate the distribution of tree species and environmental variables. Within spatial point process framework, SDM is closely related to modeling the intensity of spatial point process. The standard technique for parameter estimation of the intensity is by method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) employing Berman-Turner Approximation, resulting in Poisson-based regression. However, this technique could raise an issue due to a large number of dummy points required in the approximation since large number of dummy points relates to excessive zeroes in response variable. Previous studies suggest the application of Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression over Poisson regression to model response variable with excessive zeroes. This study compares Poisson and ZIP-based method for modelling the distribution of Beilschmiedia Pendula tree with respect to environmental covariates. We compared both techniques by Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) and concluded that the ZIP-based method performs better mainly due to excessive zeroes from dummy points. In addition, elevation and gradient affect significantly the distribution of Beilschmiedia Pendula tree. |
8,940 | Please write an abstract with title: Networking Functions for Wireless Sensor Network Applications: an SDN-based Approach, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Routing, Smart cities, Temperature measurement, Monitoring, Task analysis, Temperature sensors. Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are considered to be a key enabler towards the Internet of Things (IoT) concept and one of its main underlying technologies. Applications built on top of IoT infrastructures such as WSNs share a set of common functions that concern not only data management such as data collection, dissemination or aggregation, but also classical networking functions, such as routing or addressing. Even though application deployment is becoming more feasible, it can still be a complex process especially in the presence of vertical solutions. WSNs should, therefore, be more flexible in order to facilitate the development of efficient applications. A promising networking paradigm which can help achieve such a requirement is the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) concept which decouples the network data plane from the control plane. To allow multiple applications to share and reuse common networking functions, we propose to implement them as SDN reusable building blocks and to instantiate and customize them through SDN rules. On the other hand, we provide a rigorous definition of these functions and of their relationships in order to make them reusable to efficiently develop the applications. We consider the smart city as a typical WSN/IoT domain of applications. Our approach aims at facilitating the development, use and management of such functions in a WSN and thus of IoT applications. |
8,941 | Please write an abstract with title: Hot Electrons Remote Excitation and their Ultrafast Dynamics, and key words: Europe, Hot carriers, Plasmons, Nanoscale devices, Hybrid power systems. Abstract: Hot electron-based devices are quite promissing for ultrafast photodetection and to set off enhanced physicochemical reactions [1] . Controlling their generation at the nanoscale within plasmonic devices is a key for the future development of hybrid hot-electrons technologies. Indeed, Surface Plasmon-Polaritons (SPPs) can be exploited to confine light and enhance the number of excited hot carriers [2] . We aim at studying the excitation and dynamics of hot electrons, enhanced by plasmonics, with two different approaches. |
8,942 | Please write an abstract with title: Resource Allocation for Secure Transmission in Wireless Powered Communication Networks, and key words: Wireless communication, Energy capture, Channel capacity, Heuristic algorithms, Internet of Things, Data communication, Communication system security. Abstract: Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) acts as a key enabler for smart cities, intelligent transportation systems, precision medicine, smart grids, etc. However, the computing power of IoT nodes is weak, and encryption algorithms cannot be used to ensure the secure transmission of data because of the high complexity. In recent years, the emerging technologies of wireless powered communication network (WPCN) and physical layer security (PLS) are regarded as potential solutions to allow IoT nodes to harvest energy from radio frequency (RF) and ensure secure data delivery. The secrecy rate, which is defined as the difference of main channel capacity and eavesdropping channel capacity, represents the secure data delivery ability. How to maximize the secrecy rate with the rather limited energy for IoT network is a challenging problem. In this paper, we formulate the secrecy rate maximization problem as an optimization problem. We solve this problem by two steps: using one-dimension research to find the optimal energy harvesting duration and find the closed-form solution for transmission power and transmission duration for every node. Compared with the heuristic algorithm, the proposed algorithm can obtain better performance from secrecy rate perspective. |
8,943 | Please write an abstract with title: High-Throughput Low-Latency Pipelined Divider for Single-Precision Floating-Point Numbers, and key words: Approximation algorithms, Hardware, Encoding, Very large scale integration, Adders, Throughput, Periodic structures. Abstract: In this brief, we propose a fully pipelined divider for single-precision floating-point numbers based on a universal piecewise linear (PWL) approximation method and a modified Goldschmidt algorithm. The state-of-the-art universal PWL method uses a suitable number of segments and fractional bit widths to meet the requirement of the predefined maximum absolute error. Small multipliers are employed in the modified Goldschmidt algorithm. In the hardware implementation, the multipliers are optimized with the radix-4 and radix-8 booth encoding methods to reduce the number of partial products. In addition, the sum of the partial products and other data are calculated by a compressor and an adder to shorten the critical path. Synthesized results show that the maximum achievable frequency of our design is better than those of the existing methods. In addition, our design shows overwhelming superiority in terms of latency and throughput compared with existing methods. |
8,944 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-parallel Voice Conversion with Generative Attentional Networks, and key words: Information processing, Distortion, Generators, Task analysis. Abstract: Non-parallel voice conversion is a challenging task because the converted speech contents are not included in the target speaker dataset. Given the good performance of generator adversarial network in non-parallel voice conversion, CycleGAN-VC is used as the baseline system here. This work proposes the CycleGAN -CAM architecture with additional class activation map (CAM) to convert spectra. The attention is achieved by giving more weight to features with greater differences between speakers so that it can focus on the regions that can distinguish the source and the target features. In the loss function calculation, we incorporated the CAM loss function so that the architecture can adjust the weights automatically. The experimental results show that we have achieved better results than the baseline system in Mel-cepstrum distortion (MCD) and Mean Opinion Score (MOS). |
8,945 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of Low Power DVCC Based LNA for Wireless Receiver, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Wireless communication, Resistors, Current mirrors, Computational modeling, Transfer functions, Threshold voltage. Abstract: The use of a low-voltage PMOS bulk-driven cascade current mirror (P MOS BDCCM) to realize LNA using CMOS differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) based on low power and free from trans-conductance variation is presented in this research paper. Just one current mirror is used in this circuit, which uses four DVCCs as active elements and two capacitors and five resistors as passive elements. The use of this active component simplifies and improves the deployment process. The circuit is consuming Low Power of 1.24mW with the Voltage gain of 2.21 dB for the input voltage of 1V and seems to operate in 1- 10 GHz. The circuit's functionality is checked using Tanner simulator version 16 for a 35µm CMOS process model, and the transfer function is realized using MATLAB R2017a, yielding a variety of simulation results. To show the outcomes, simulation results are included. |
8,946 | Please write an abstract with title: Scalable 3D Silicon Optical Switch Based on CLOS Architecture, and key words: Optical switches, Three-dimensional displays, Topology, Network topology, Nonhomogeneous media, Silicon, Optical device fabrication. Abstract: To achieve complex functionality with small size, weight and power, photonic integrated circuits (PIC) are expanded from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D). In this paper, a new design for a scalable 3D silicon optical switch is proposed. Key elements, including silicon electro-optic switches, crossings, and interlayer transitions are used to define and optimize the 3D optical switching network. The architecture is based on CLOS architecture, which can be extended to multiple layers. Silicon-based two- and three-layer switches are carefully designed and analyzed as an example based on the transfer matrix technique (TMT). In a 4×4 two-layer optical switch, the average insertion loss at 1550 nm wavelength is ∼4.16 dB, and ∼3.69 dB for the “all-cross” and “all-bar” states, respectively. In a 4×4 three-layer optical switch, the average insertion loss at 1550 nm wavelength is ∼5.96 dB, and ∼5.41 dB for the “all-cross” and “all-bar” states, respectively. The architecture also shows the scalability of both the port number and the layer number. The scalable 3D architecture proposed could improve the interconnect density twice and thrice in a single-layer design. |
8,947 | Please write an abstract with title: Allocating Resource Capacities for an Offload-enabled Mobile Edge Cloud System, and key words: Performance evaluation, Computational modeling, Big Data, Data models, Mobile handsets, Servers, Resource management. Abstract: AI applications have become increasingly popular and been widely deployed in various scenarios. In an AI application, an AI model is typically first trained, and then the model inference service is deployed in systems to perform model inference tasks based on the input data. In this paper, we systematically model the performance of running such AI tasks on Mobile Edge Cloud (MEC) systems. In particular, the model inference services are deployed in mobile devices, the edge devices and the cloud server. Mobile devices collect the monitoring data and perform the model inference tasks. When the arrival rate of the incoming data becomes too big, the mobile devices offload a portion of model inference tasks to the edge devices by the way of uploading the incoming data to the edge devices. If an edge device is overwhelmed by the tasks, it can further offload to the cloud server. This paper aims to model the offloading behaviors in MEC and also the resource capacities required to meet the desired task performance. |
8,948 | Please write an abstract with title: Proceedings at the forty-fourth annual general meeting, and key words: Rail transportation, Ions, Read only memory, Airports, Training, Stress, Micromechanical devices. Abstract: There were present 120 members and visitors and the secretary. |
8,949 | Please write an abstract with title: SIW-fed Metallic Cap Loaded Cylindrical DRA Array Antenna for 5G mm-wave Applications, and key words: Power dividers, Slot antennas, 5G mobile communication, Simulation, Bandwidth, Millimeter wave propagation, Dielectric resonator antennas. Abstract: In this article, a cylindrical dielectric resonator array antenna fed with a SIW (substrate integrated waveguide) based Wilkinson power divider network is proposed for 5G mm-wave application. The design consists of four cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) that are mounted on the top of the four slots, two on each arm of a 1:2 Wilkinson power divider. Ansys HFSS simulation results confirm that the proposed array operates at 28 GHz with a bandwidth of 330 MHz with good monopole type radiation and a peak gain of 9.9 dBi. |
8,950 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and control of an LCL-filter-based three-phase active rectifier, and key words: Rectifiers, Power harmonic filters, Inductors, Electromagnetic interference, Switching frequency, Pulse width modulation, Converters, Power conversion, Stability, Voltage control. Abstract: This paper proposes a step-by-step procedure for designing the LCL filter of a front-end three-phase active rectifier. The primary goal is to reduce the switching frequency ripple at a reasonable cost, while at the same time achieving a high-performance front-end rectifier (as characterized by a rapid dynamic response and good stability margin). An example LCL filter design is reported and a filter has been built and tested using the values obtained from this design. The experimental results demonstrate the performance of the design procedure both for the LCL filter and for the rectifier controller. The system is stable and the grid current harmonic content is low both in the lowand high-frequency ranges. Moreover, the good agreement that was obtained between simulation and experimental results validates the proposed approach. Hence, the design procedure and the simulation model provide a powerful tool to design an LCL-filter-based active rectifier while avoiding trial-and-error procedures that can result in having to build several filter prototypes. |
8,951 | Please write an abstract with title: Work in progress - when service-learning is a failure, and key words: Failure analysis, Project management, Conducting materials, Laboratories, Energy efficiency, Engineering management, Power engineering and energy, Microscopy, Material properties, Temperature. Abstract: During the winter 2005 semester, students in the Introduction to Materials Laboratory participated in a service-learning project involving the failure analysis of a chimney of an energy efficient cook stove used in developing countries. This project was managed through the University of Dayton's ETHOS program (engineers in technical humanitarian opportunities of service-learning). In this project, students learned how to conduct a failure analysis, how to operate various equipment including a microscope, how to do metallography and to interpret the results and gain a better understanding of basic material properties and high temperature corrosion. Additionally, students learned how to manage a project, interpret photographic and numerical data, conduct research, write a report, make a presentation and communicate with "clients." It was hoped that the students would gain a better understanding of both the cultural and technical requirements of the stove and chimneys as well as an understanding of appropriate technology. This paper summarizes the project and provide some qualitative information regarding the usefulness of this project at meeting the educational goals of the course |
8,952 | Please write an abstract with title: Fault Diagnosis of Mistuned Preload in Rod Fastened Rotor in Gas Turbine Based on CWT, and key words: Vibrations, Transient response, Time-frequency analysis, Continuous wavelet transforms, Wavelet domain, Rotors, Finite element analysis. Abstract: Rod fastened rotor is widely used in heavy duty gas turbine, its dynamic behavior directly effects the security and efficiency of the gas turbine set. The preload detuning is one of the common faults of the rod fastened rotor, it will increase the vibration and threaten the stable operation of the system. In this paper, the effect of preload force on interface between disks is simplified to the bending stiffness of interface by sub-model stiffness method, which is verified by modal test. Secondly, the finite element model of rod fastened rotor is established, the correctness of this model is proved by comparing the calculated and experimental orbits results. Finally, the transient response during the relaxation is simulated by finite element model, and the common time-frequency domain signals are obtained by continuous wavelet transform (CWT). This research contents and methods can provide ideas and references for rod fastened rotor preload mistuned fault analysis. |
8,953 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Low-Cost Test Structures for Measuring Within-Die Process Skew Variations, and key words: Ring oscillators, MOSFET, Simulation, Design methodology, Sensor phenomena and characterization, CMOS process, Microelectronics. Abstract: The potential for expanding the use of ring oscillators (ROs) into a new and, as yet, unexplored area was reported in [1]. Simply stated, departures in strengths of PMOS and NMOS transistors from nominal, cause changes in duty-cycles at different nodes of ROs. Given the right RO design, both DC & AC contributions of transistors to process-skew can be determined at the same time.In this paper we address the related engineering problem of creating such RO designs that are specifically tuned for sensing process-skew. Design criteria and methodology are defined for ROs that are sensitive to and amplify the effect of process-skew. Example designs of such ROs are presented along with simulation results to demonstrate their efficacy as process-skew sensors. The simplicity of the proposed designs allows distributing many instances of these sensors on a die, in turn, creating the possibility of characterizing within-die process skew variations. |
8,954 | Please write an abstract with title: Information Freshness-Guaranteed and Energy-Efficient Data Generation Control System in Energy Harvesting Internet of Things, and key words: Logic gates, Radio frequency, Energy harvesting, Data communication, Internet of Things, Directional antennas, Temperature sensors. Abstract: In energy harvesting Internet of Things (IoT) systems, the age of information (AoI) should be maintained at a low level to guarantee the accuracy and reliability of derived decisions. In this paper, we design an information freshness-guaranteed and energy-efficient data generation control system (IFE-DGCS) where an IoT gateway with a directional antenna determines the polling frequency for each sector by selecting a polling sector at periodic decision epochs. When polling data, the IoT gateway transfers the RF energy to IoT devices in the polling sector by means of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). To minimize the energy outage probability while maintaining the AoI below a certain level, a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) is formulated and the optimal stochastic policy on the polling sector is obtained by a linear programming (LP). To resolve the curse of the dimensionality problem in CMDP, a greedy IFE-DGCS is developed and its performance is extensively studied. Evaluation results demonstrate that IFE-DGCS with the optimal policy achieves a comparable energy outage probability to the conventional energy-oriented scheme while guaranteeing a sufficiently low AoI. |
8,955 | Please write an abstract with title: Endurance Network Coding for Multi-Hop Wireless Communications, and key words: Wireless communication, Systematics, Simulation, Spread spectrum communication, Network coding, Throughput, Encoding. Abstract: Aiming at the popular wireless multi-hop network, this paper proposes a concise and practical endurance network coding scheme which can nearly reach the capacity of wireless multi-hop network. In this scheme, the source node encodes a group of packets to be sent, the intermediate node expands and forwards the received coded packets by using a causal systematic upper triangular recoding matrix, and the receiver node judges a whole group of packets received and sends feedback to the sender according to whether it is decodable. These operations have three advantages: 1) Increase the probability of first transmission and reducing the number of retransmission; 2) The flow transmission and expansion on intermediate nodes ensure low latency and improve reliability respectively; 3) Feedback can further increase reliability and throughput. Through analysis and simulation results, we prove that the proposed scheme can achieve a better compromise between throughput and packet delay. Furthermore, the transmission scheme can be compatible with a variety of existing coding methods to ensure the above performance of throughput and delay while maintaining their respective advantages. |
8,956 | Please write an abstract with title: Cellular neural/nonlinear networks using resonant tunneling diode, and key words: Cellular networks, Resonant tunneling devices, Diodes, Cellular neural networks, Circuit simulation, Capacitance-voltage characteristics, Image processing, Feedforward systems, Neurofeedback, Electrons. Abstract: The resonant tunneling diode (RTD) with mesoscopic double barrier structure has recently been employed to implement compact and versatile cellular neural/nonlinear networks (CNN's) by exploiting its unique folded-back non-linear I-V and C-V characteristics. This paper describes the design of a 128/spl times/128 RTD-based CNN along with the design of feed-forward and feedback templates for executing several commonly used image processing functions. In order to verify the image processing functions of RTD-based CNN's, full-array circuit simulations have been performed by using the quantum spice simulator that was designed at the University of Michigan. Unlike some previous designs that employed imprecise PWL model of the RTD, the RTD is represented as an internal component in the quantum spice simulator by a rigorously derived and accurate physics-based model. Due to the nano-scale quantum well defined by the double barrier structure, RTD has quantized states within the quantum well while outside the well electron energy is given by the Fermi-Dirac distribution function. Hence, the I-V and C-V characteristics of the RTD have been derived from the self-consistent solution of the Schrodinger and the Poisson's equations. The stability and settling time of the RTD-based CNN arrays are also described in this paper. |
8,957 | Please write an abstract with title: RTE: Rapid and Reliable Trust Evaluation for Collaborator Selection and Time-Sensitive Task Handling in Internet of Vehicles, and key words: Trust, Internet-of-Vehicles, collaboration, time-sensitive task handling, Quality of Experience (QoE). Abstract: By enabling connectivity and collaboration among moving vehicles, Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV) is expected to bring dramatically improved road safety and traffic efficiency. With limited onboard resources and real-time operational constraints, achieving these goals through handling time-sensitive IoV services and tasks inevitably relies on rapid and reliable collaboration among moving vehicles. Due to safety-related considerations, such collaboration always requires complex evaluation of potential collaborative vehicles, resulting in increased latency in time-sensitive IoV task handling. To achieve rapid and reliable IoV collaboration, a comprehensive concept of trust among neighbouring vehicles is first conceptualized in this paper to maximize Quality of Experience (QoE) by expediting the IoV collaborator selection as well as overall task handling. Specifically, we propose a new concept of indirect trust and the related Rapid and Reliable Trust Evaluation (RTE) mechanism by enabling trust transfer from reliable third parties to reduce the trust evaluation latency of potential collaborative peers. Furthermore, capability trust and direct experiential trust are introduced as two additional evaluation factors in RTE to assess the capability and reliability of collaborators and to reduce task computation time. Lastly, the different factors of the proposed trust, i.e., indirect trust, direct experiential trust and capability trust, are integrated and adaptively utilized at different stages of IoV collaboration by a proposed adaptive trust factor aggregation scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RTE mechanism achieves higher QoE with reduced task completion latency by swiftly selecting the optimal IoV collaborator compared to existing trust evaluation mechanisms. |
8,958 | Please write an abstract with title: Direction Information Aided Precoding for Aeronautical Communication Systems, and key words: Wireless communication, Precoding, Simulation, Signal processing algorithms, Transforms, Signal processing, MIMO. Abstract: In this paper, we design a new precoding scheme for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) aeronautical communication (AC) systems. Exploiting the direction information of the aerial user equipment (UE), the proposed precoding design is capable of maximizing the transmit power towards the direction of the UE approaching the target cell. Specifically, we first transform the original precoding optimization issue to a linear programming problem, and then derive the complex-valued precoding vector from the transformed variables by extending the Newton-Raphson method. Simulation results show that the proposed precoding scheme can improve the link performance of the UEs with known directions, while ensuring that the performance of the UEs with unknown directions can still be close to that observed in the conventional scheme. |
8,959 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Study on FACT Devices to Enhance the Performance of Distributed Energy System based on Wind, and key words: Performance evaluation, Static VAr compensators, Voltage, Production, Power system stability, Wind power generation, Wind farms. Abstract: The requirement for energy is a heed required issue for countries like India. These are in the clasp of the inadequacy of non-renewable sources of energy. It becomes necessary for them to look for the bonzer solutions of energy production which are having less cost, pollution-free and more reliable. India is also one of the leading countries among these countries that want to alienate a polluted and expensive source of power generation. Power generation to accomplish the power requirement of the country is the biggest challenge for our country. Interconnected Wind farms bring new challenges to power system operation. The development of wind power is going rapidly. The major point of concern in the integration of wind power is voltage stability. This paper highlights on the applications of the FACTS devices for achieving stable voltages in Distributed Generation systems based on wind. |
8,960 | Please write an abstract with title: Breakthroughs of using Photodynamic Therapy and Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Treatment, and key words: Nanoparticles, Gold, Imaging, Surface emitting lasers, Clinical trials, Plasmons, Breast cancer. Abstract: The term “cancer” covers more than a hundred diseases that assign one trait: the abandoned growth of abnormal cells that abolish healthy tissues and have the potential to spread outside its site of origin. When a malignant tumor originates in the breast, it is called breast cancer. Gold nano particles display potential for both the imaging and cure of breast cancer. From a logistical standpoint, most breast tumors arise near the skin's surface, where they may possibly be extracted and handled despite the NIR laser's minimal tissue penetration. Photodynamic therapy is a fairly new treatment option for both cancer and non-cancer diseases that involves the activation of certain dyes with light in the existence of molecular oxygen (photosensitizers) that the target tissue has absorbed in a very selective manner. The combination of hyperthermia and photoelectric dose improvement of radiation therapy could be effectively treat superficial positioned inflammatory breast cancer sorrecurrence in the post-mastectomy chest wall. In this review paper, the novel work in photothermal therapy is debated, as well as the combined effects of gold nanoparticles and photothermal heating on breast cancer cells are studied in details. |
8,961 | Please write an abstract with title: Artifact Detection in Invasive Blood Pressure Data using Forecasting Methods and Machine Learning, and key words: Blood pressure, Biomedical monitoring, Time series analysis, Machine learning algorithms, Heart rate, Smoothing methods, Mathematical model. Abstract: Vital signs, such as blood pressure and heart rate, are continuously and closely monitored during surgery and in the intensive care unit to ensure patient health. There has been increasing interest in studying the large data sets of electronic vital sign records to improve patient outcomes, predict issues, and detect complications early. However, the records of vital signs, particularly one called invasive arterial blood pressure, may be populated with artifacts (noise) due to various situations. In order to use this large volume of data in research, it is essential to accurately remove the artifacts to ensure data quality and avoid drawing conclusions from non-physiologic data. Manual labelling of artifacts is not a viable solution because of the significant time required to go through large volumes of data. We studied several solutions for artifact removal, including forecasting methods and machine learning strategies such as standard and anomaly detection algorithms. We also performed experiments using the information of one or multiple feature variables. We observed that XGBoost algorithm achieved the best performance amongst all algorithms tested. Forecasting methods exhibited a poor performance when compared to other machine learning algorithms. Anomaly detection methods showed a good overall performance. However, these special-purpose methods were not able to achieve a performance comparable to the XGBoost learner. |
8,962 | Please write an abstract with title: Forest Fire Detection Using Classifiers and Transfer Learning, and key words: Training, Temperature sensors, Biological system modeling, Transfer learning, Forestry, Feature extraction, Sensors. Abstract: Application of fire detection is gaining a lot of attention due to the increasing threat from global warming that causes a lot of economic distress and threat to public safety. There are over 200,000 forest fires each year which destroys a total area of about 3.5-4.5 million sq. km [1]. The current detection methods involve the use of sensors whose data usually depends on pressure and temperature of the environment. Often these conditions are met when the fire gets out of control. This paper demonstrates various methods to detect fire from photos of the site using transfer learning and image processing. The methods demonstrated in the paper uses about 3500 images of forest fires and 1900 images of forests with no fire to train the models. These methods can detect fire at initial stages compared to existing methods of fire detection. Using only cameras instead of multiple sensors reduces the cost and makes this system more efficient. In this paper we show the comparison of different convolution neural network (CNN) based pre-trained models used for the feature extraction of the images via transfer learning. |
8,963 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of Methods for Dispatching User Renewable Threads in Multi-core Systems, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Heuristic algorithms, Instruction sets, High performance computing, Data visualization, Dispatching, Delays. Abstract: The work is aimed to improve the efficiency of solving user tasks in dynamic high-performance computing systems by modifying dispatching algorithms. A formalized representation of the task of dispatching user renewable threads in high-performance systems, as well as algorithms for dispatching user renewable threads in high-performance systems was proposed. As a result of the statistical data analysis of the first test, the following features of the developed algorithm were revealed in comparison with the best results of existing algorithms: average delay reduction by 4.94%; an increase in delays by an average of 3.69% (from 0% to 5%) in 13% of tasks; delays are reduced by an average of 18% (from 15% to 23%) in 8% of tasks; delays are reduced by an average of 6.3% (from 0% to 14%) in 79% of tasks. The results of the work are applicable in applications requiring high efficiency of computing resources. |
8,964 | Please write an abstract with title: Pearson Correlation Coefficient-Based Performance Enhancement of Broad Learning System for Stock Price Prediction, and key words: Correlation, Stock markets, Predictive models, Machine learning, Learning systems, Forecasting, Training. Abstract: Accurate prediction of a stock price is a challenging task due to the complexity, chaos, and non-linearity nature of financial systems. In this brief, we proposed a multi-indicator feature selection method for stock price prediction based on Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and Broad Learning System (BLS), named the PCC-BLS framework. Firstly, PCC was used to select the input features from 35 features, including original stock price, technical indicators, and financial indicators. Secondly, these screened input features were used for rapid information feature extraction and training a BLS. Four stocks recorded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shenzhen Stock Exchange were adopted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. In addition, we compared the forecasting results with ten machine learning methods, including Support Vector Regression (SVR), Adaptive Boosting (Adaboost), Bootstrap aggregating (Bagging), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Broad Learning System (BLS). Among all algorithms used in this brief, the proposed model showed the best performance with the highest model fitting ability. |
8,965 | Please write an abstract with title: Semiconductor Chip Attachment with Small Bump Flip Chips, and key words: Flip chip, Semiconductor materials, Dielectric substrates, Geometry, Dielectric materials, Bonding, Capacitive sensors, Thermal expansion, Silicon, Thick films. Abstract: It has been reported that the ratio of the diameter to the height of a reflow soldered flip-chip pad should be less than 2:l [1], [2]. This geometry permits a ductile material to accept the strain caused by differences in thermal expansion coefficients of silicon and alumina. However, to deposit sufficient material on a semiconductor chip to achieve this geometry has usually meant chip pad redesign and the resulting costly mask changes. This paper describes methods of depositing SUfficient material on a thick film substrate to permit use of chips with reduced bump volume. Details in the paper describe the volume calculations and artwork design for deposition of solder creme by screen printing. Selection and deposition of a dielectric glaze material to limit the area Of solder wetting on the substrate pads in also described. The test vehicle used in the study is a simple 2-bit counter utilizing 14MECL gates. It was fabricated in multilayer format for comparison of operating parameters between eutectic back bonded and solder reflow face bonded chips. |
8,966 | Please write an abstract with title: LIDAR-Assisted Exact Output Regulation for Load Mitigation in Wind Turbines, and key words: Wind turbines, Laser radar, Wind speed, Rotors, Feedforward systems, Blades, Load modeling. Abstract: Optimizing wind turbine performance involves maximizing energy harvesting while seeking to minimize load fatigues on the tower structure, blades, and rotor. To improve turbine control performance, wind preview measurement technologies, such as light detection and ranging (LIDAR), have been a point of interest for researchers in recent years. In this article, we explore the application of a classical control methodology known as exact output regulation (EOR) for improving the control performance of a LIDAR-enhanced wind turbine. The EOR controller is designed to achieve the rejection of known input disturbances, while also ensuring the system output tracks the desired reference signal. The controller is comprised of a state feedback controller together with a feedforward gain. The LIDAR wind preview information is used to obtain a low-order exosystem for modeling wind dynamics. This wind exosystem is used to obtain the feedforward gain matrix that enables the EOR controller to effectively reject the input disturbance and achieve the desired reference tracking. Extensive simulations of the EOR controller with a broad range of wind speeds in both partial load and full load operating regions are performed on the full nonlinear aero-elastic model of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5-MW reference wind turbine. For performance comparisons, we also implement a Baseline torque controller and a commonly used feedforward control method known as disturbance accommodation control (DAC). The results show that, in comparison with a baseline and DAC controller, the EOR controller can provide a substantially improved reduction of fatigue loads and smoother power output, without compromising energy production levels. |
8,967 | Please write an abstract with title: Iterative learning control for stretch reducing process of seamless pipe, and key words: Thickness control, Crops, Laboratories, Industrial control, Intelligent systems, Decision making, Electronic mail, Iterative algorithms, Thickness measurement, Velocity measurement. Abstract: Based on the iterative learning control (ILC) theory, the online learning algorithms for stretch reducing process of seamless pipe were proposed for average wall thickness control (WTCA) and crop end control (CEC), in which the measured wall thickness and specifications of the tubes are used to compensate for the disturbance caused by the system uncertainty and the mathematical model error through adjusting rollers steady speed and dynamic speed iteratively. The results of practical experiments in Baosteel company demonstrated the effectiveness of this new method. |
8,968 | Please write an abstract with title: Accumulation MOS varactors for 4 to 40 GHz VCOs in SOI CMOS, and key words: Varactors, MOS capacitors, Silicon on insulator technology, CMOS integrated circuits, Voltage controlled oscillators, Semiconductor device modeling. Abstract: It has recently been shown that MOS capacitors fabricated in deep submicron CMOS technologies can serve as high-Q varactors for RF circuit design. The devices are often operated with the silicon surface in accumulation to maximize Q, and so have been termed accumulation mode or AMOS varactors. This paper combines MEDICI simulation and experimental results to demonstrate that AMOS varactors fabricated in SOI technology can provide significant advantages over bulk technology devices at the same channel length. A low voltage AMOS varactor with wide tuning range and high Q fabricated in a 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology is reported. The varactors have been employed in VCO circuits operating at frequencies in excess of 40 GHz. |
8,969 | Please write an abstract with title: Early Termination of Convex QP Solvers in Mixed-Integer Programming for Real-Time Decision Making, and key words: Decision making, Programming, Numerical simulation, Prediction algorithms, Real-time systems, Optimization, Predictive control. Abstract: The branch-and-bound optimization algorithm for mixed-integer model predictive control (MI-MPC) solves several convex quadratic program relaxations, but often the solutions are discarded based on already known integer feasible solutions. This letter presents a projection and early termination strategy for infeasible interior point methods to reduce the computational effort of finding a globally optimal solution for MI-MPC. The method is shown to be also effective for infeasibility detection of the convex relaxations. We present numerical simulation results with a reduction of the total number of solver iterations by 42% for an MI-MPC example of decision making for automated driving with obstacle avoidance constraints. |
8,970 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D Model-Based Gaze Tracking Via Iris Features With a Single Camera and a Single Light Source, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Cornea, Pupils, Iris, Estimation, Cameras, Solid modeling. Abstract: Traditional 3D gaze estimation methods are usually based on the models of pupil refraction and corneal reflection. These methods typically rely on multiple light sources. The 3D gaze can be estimated using single-camera-single-light-source systems only when certain user-dependent eye parameters are available a priori, which is rarely the case. This article proposes a 3D gaze estimation method which works based on iris features using a single camera and a single light source. User-dependent eye parameters involving the iris radius and the cornea radius are user-calibrated. The 3D line-of-sight is estimated from the optical axis and the positional relationship between the optical axis and the visual axis, and then optimized using a binocular stereo vision model. The feasibility and robustness of the proposed method are assessed by simulations and practical experiments. The system configuration required by the method is simpler than that required by the state-of-the-art methods, which shows significant potential value, especially with regard to mobile device applications. |
8,971 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of operations used for fuzzy modeling, and key words: Fuzzy reasoning, Paper technology, Fuzzy systems, Gravity, Takagi-Sugeno model, Sufficient conditions, Fuzzy sets, Input variables, Microprocessors. Abstract: In this paper, fuzzy if ...then rules are used for modeling. The model is considered as a multi-dimensional function, which must approximate a real object. Special attention is devoted here to the if part of the rules. Conclusion of each rule is assumed as fuzzy singleton, as in many practical cases. The author shows that the Mamdani approach is not the best solution. There are some other operations than the minimum used for "and" which give smaller modeling of the error. In the paper, some possible interpretations of connective "and" are considered and compared from modeling the error point of view. |
8,972 | Please write an abstract with title: Automation of Construction Crane Control with Using of Stabilization Platform, and key words: Cranes, Trajectory, Sensors, Sensor systems, Task analysis, Process control, Control systems. Abstract: In this article are proposed the principles of construction an automatic control system of a building crane taking into account the features of its non-deterministic workspace. It was shown, that it is possible to reduce the task of controlling the trajectory of the handling load to the task of controlling the grip of the mounting crane. It was an algorithm for automatic control of trajectory for moving a special stabilization platform developed. It was fulfilled the description of crane manipulation system and prosed a generalized calculation scheme. |
8,973 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of the Impact of Zero-Forcing Precoding on the Variation of Massive MIMO Transmitters’ Performance With Channel Conditions, and key words: Radio frequency, Wireless communication, Precoding, OFDM, Radio transmitters, Massive MIMO, Mean square error methods. Abstract: In this letter, the impact of two variants of zero-forcing (ZF) precoding (conventional and minimax) on the performance of massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) transmitters is investigated through simulations and experiments. In massive MIMO transmitters, the average-power levels across the radio frequency (RF) chains depend on the choice of precoder and the channel conditions. Compared to the conventional ZF precoder, the minimax variant results in significantly less variations in the average-power levels across the RF chains and, consequently, in less disparity between their operating characteristics. Thus, the minimax precoder, albeit requiring more computational resources, reduces the variation of the transmitter's performance with the channel conditions. Experiments performed using the two ZF variants, in conjunction with digital predistortion, on a two-user four-chain MIMO transmitter under 200 different channel realizations revealed that the minimax variant allows for up to 10 dB and 8% reductions in the adjacent-channel power ratio and root normalized mean-square error, respectively, in each chain. |
8,974 | Please write an abstract with title: Stability Investigation of DC Microgrids Under Stealth Cyber Attacks, and key words: Analytical models, Microgrids, Energy conversion, Observers, Stability analysis, Security, Cyberattack. Abstract: In a networked DC microgrid, stealth cyber-attacks can easily penetrate into the system and deceive the system observer not only to raise security concerns but also in destabilizing the microgrid. Apart from channeling efforts into ensuring security, considerable focus also need to be put into investigating the impact of stealth attack on system stability simultaneously. Hence, this paper investigates the system stability of DC microgrids for different magnitude of stealth cyber attacks. Firstly, a small signal model of dc microgrid under stealth attack is obtained in this paper. Then, modeling the stealth cyber attack as a non-linear and discontinuous input considering a strategic perspective by the adversary, the describing function method is adopted to analyze the stability of the system. The instability caused solely due to the presence of stealth cyber attacks has been revealed, even though the global consensus should supposedly be met. Finally, simulations are presented to validate the theoretical analysis. |
8,975 | Please write an abstract with title: System-on-chip based Automated Optic Disk Segmentation in Retinal Images, and key words: Integrated optics, Image segmentation, Sensitivity, Optical imaging, Retina, System-on-chip, Information and communication technology. Abstract: In this paper a novel technique on automated optical disk (OD) segmentation is proposed. The proposed OD algorithm depends on morphological based algorithm. This technique is assessed on openly accessible standard data sets DRIONS. The average accuracy rate of proposed segmented technique is 97.6% on DRIONS database. The proposed algorithm achieved Average Sensitivity, Average Specificity and Average Overlap of 93.1 %, 98.4% and 86.3% respectively on DRIONS data sets. Test results shows the algorithm is superior with comparable execution time over existing OD algorithms. Further, the algorithm has been implemented in System-on-chip (Zync-7000) kit. |
8,976 | Please write an abstract with title: Training Multi-Object Detector by Estimating Bounding Box Distribution for Input Image, and key words: Training, Computer vision, Neural networks, Estimation, Detectors, Mixture models, Object detection. Abstract: In multi-object detection using neural networks, the fundamental problem is, "How should the network learn a variable number of bounding boxes in different input images?". Previous methods train a multi-object detection network through a procedure that directly assigns the ground truth bounding boxes to the specific locations of the network’s output. However, this procedure makes the training of a multi-object detection network too heuristic and complicated. In this paper, we reformulate the multi-object detection task as a problem of density estimation of bounding boxes. Instead of assigning each ground truth to specific locations of network’s output, we train a network by estimating the probability density of bounding boxes in an input image using a mixture model. For this purpose, we propose a novel network for object detection called Mixture Density Object Detector (MDOD), and the corresponding objective function for the density-estimation-based training. We applied MDOD to MS COCO dataset. Our proposed method not only deals with multi-object detection problems in a new approach, but also improves detection performances through MDOD. The code is available: https://github.com/yoojy31/MDOD. |
8,977 | Please write an abstract with title: Material Type Recognition of Indoor Scenes via Surface Reflectance Estimation, and key words: Cameras, Image color analysis, Reflectivity, Surface roughness, Rough surfaces, Three-dimensional displays, Surface reconstruction. Abstract: There are fundamental difficulties in obtaining material type of an arbitrary object using traditional sensors. Existing material type recognition methods mostly focus on color based visual features and object-prior. Surface reflectance is another critical clue in the characterization of certain material type and can be observed by traditional sensors such as color camera and time-of-flight depth sensor. A material type is characterized well by relevant surface reflectance together with traditional visual appearance providing better description for material type recognition. In this work, we propose a material type recognition method based on both color and reflectance features using deep neural network. Proposed method is evaluated on both public and our own data sets showing promising material type recognition results. |
8,978 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel Calibration systems for the dynamic and steady-state testing of digital instrument transformers, and key words: Substation automation, Power measurement, Current transformers, Voltage transformers, Power system dynamics, Power quality, Calibration. Abstract: Within the frame of the European project “Future Grid II – Metrology for the next-generation digital substation instrumentation”, several partners developed traceable calibration systems which allow the calibration of conventional or non-conventional instrument transformers (IT) even with a sampled value (digital) output according to IEC 61869-9. Different setups are prepared to allow the calibration with complex test waveforms to emulate steady state, dynamic or temporary events during the assessment of the ITs. The laboratory calibration setups for either current transformers or voltage transformers are briefly described. Several results obtained for different kind of voltage or current transformers are presented. |
8,979 | Please write an abstract with title: Cross-sectioning Technique for Bonded Silicon Substrates with Face-to-Face Interlaced Carbon Nanotubes in Microchannels, and key words: Microchannels, Silicon, Bonding, Scanning electron microscopy, Manuals, Heating systems, Force. Abstract: Cross-sectioning plays an important role in failure analysis. However, commonly used polishing method affects the bonded silicon microchannels and face-to-face interlaced carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Polishing damages the edge of the microchannels and the debris from polishing may be trapped in the microchannels. This paper proposes a novel cross-sectioning technique to realize precise cross-sectioning while maintaining the integrity of bonded silicon microchannels and face-to-face interlaced CNTs. Result shows intact cross-sectioning of the microchannels and CNTs inside. |
8,980 | Please write an abstract with title: LVASM: Location-based Vehicle Accident Safety Measure, and key words: Road accidents, Statistical analysis, Lakes, Safety, Automobiles, Time factors, Smart phones. Abstract: The cases of road accidents in India are increasing day by day. Due to this a significant amount of death is recorded due to the gap between emergency responders and accident victims. In this context, a number of car making companies started developing accident prevention and notification system which are costly and not able to maintain by all the vehicle users. Thus to enhance the reach of such applications for road safety measures a new system is required. In this work we present, a new Location-based Vehicle Accident Safety Measure (LVASM) system developed using the android platform. The LVASM has zero cost and can help any vehicle users by notifying the emergency responders. The proposed LVASM application based notification system works in three modules to assist the user's, first initialization, second observation, and third is notification. The LVASM model is able to efficiently respond means detect the accident and start to send the notifications to the emergency responders. Additionally, the use of multiple responders makes it more valuable. The experimental analysis demonstrates the application accurately detects the accident and start notification automatically. The LVASM system helps to save a life during road accident scenarios. The comparison with the two similar accidental prevention systems shows the LVASM working model efficient in terms of the time of response or detection of accidental situation. |
8,981 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient SRAM yield Analysis Using Scaled-Sigma Adaptive Importance Sampling, and key words: Monte Carlo methods, Shape, Artificial intelligence, SRAM cells, Convergence, Estimation. Abstract: Statistical SRAM yield analysis has become a growing concern for the requirement of high integration density and reliability of SRAM under process variations. It is a challenge to estimate the SRAM failure probability efficiently and accurately because the circuit failure is a "rare-event". Existing methods are still not efficient enough to solve the problem, especially in high dimensions. In this paper, we develop a scaled-sigma adaptive importance sampling (SSAIS) which is an extension of the adaptive importance sampling. This method changes not only the location parameters but the shape parameters by searching the failure region iteratively. The 40nm SRAM cell experiment validated that our method outperforms Monte Carlo method by 1500x and is 2.3x~5.2x faster than the state-of-art methods with reasonable accuracy. Another experiment on sense amplifier shows our method achieves 1811x speedup over the Monte Carlo method and 2x~11x speedup over the other methods. |
8,982 | Please write an abstract with title: Body Connection Assessment of MOS-Diodes for MOS-Quadrupler based RF Energy Harvesting Circuit, and key words: Radio frequency, Performance evaluation, Sensitivity, RF signals, RLC circuits, Rectifiers, Resonant frequency. Abstract: In this paper, we present a highly sensitive RF energy harvesting circuit which utilizes MOS-Quadrupler as rectifier and a passive series resonance circuit that acts as a voltage booster as well as a matching circuit. For rectification of RF signals, we have used MOS-diodes with body-drain connection instead of widely used body-source connected MOS-diode (conventional). The proposed circuit is designed and optimized for 900 MHz (ISM Band) frequency using standard 90 nm CMOS-technology. We achieved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) 36% @ - 30 dBm and 1V - sensitivity at - 25.6 dBm for 1 MΩ load. The achieved PCE is 39.5% higher than the conventional MOS-diode (body-source) rectifier at a remarkably low RF input power of - 30dBm (1 μW) due to reduction in leakage and enhancement of charging current. |
8,983 | Please write an abstract with title: LMS adaptation with correlated data--A scalar example, and key words: Least squares approximation, Covariance matrix, Difference equations, Adaptive filters, Degradation, Steady-state, Algorithm design and analysis, Frequency domain analysis, Error correction. Abstract: In this note, the statistical behavior of the complex scalar LMS adaptation algorithm is investigated when the input data stream consists of statistically dependent inputs. The asymptotic time constant of the mean behavior of the algorithm is evaluated, taking into account the time correlation properties of the input data sequence. It is shown that the behavior of the correlated data case does not degrade significantly from the uncorrelated case until the input sequence is very highly correlated (ρ > 0.99). |
8,984 | Please write an abstract with title: A Pre-Trained CNN based framework for Handwritten Gujarati Digit Classification using Transfer Learning Approach, and key words: Training, Handwriting recognition, Transfer learning, Neural networks, Writing, Software, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Digit recognition is a software problem to identify numerals of the specific language using computer system. Digit can be printed or handwritten. Handwritten digit recognition is complex task compare to printed because various writing style, thickness and different curve of handwritten digit are difficult to interpret. Numerous work is performed on the native script of India such as Hindi, Bangla, Gurumukhi, and Tamil. However, research efforts on Gujarati Handwritten digit or character recognition are reported very less. This paper aims to demonstrate the efficiency of transfer learning and utilization of a pre-trained model developed for ImageNet dataset to classify handwritten Gujarati digits from zero to nine. The proposed framework developed from the Convolutional and pooling layers of VGG-16, VGG-19, ResNet50, ResNet101, InceptionV3 and EfficentNet pre-trained CNN networks for the feature extraction and newly defined fully-connected layers and output layer for the classification. The proposed framework is investigated on self-created Gujarati Handwritten Digit Dataset. Experimental results show that EfficientNet achieved highest accuracy (training accuracy − 94.9% and testing accuracy − 94.98%) among six pre-trained networks using proposed framework. |
8,985 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Static Characteristics of Infrared Sensor using Soft Computing Techniques, and key words: Support Vector Machine, Hyper-plane, Kernel, Neural Networks, Neurons, IR Range Sensor, Hardware Implementation, Accuracy. Abstract: This paper presents the design of an efficient soft computing technique for increasing the accuracy of the Infrared Sensor, by using the Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Neural Networks (NN). The analysis for SVM was done with different functions available and the results are presented. For Neural Networks, the analysis was done with different member functions and different number of. To determine the appropriate model, the model with minimum Root Mean square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) when compared with the sensor's measurements were selected. The results indicate that the Neural Network model could reduce the relative RMSE by a factor of 0.58 and MAPE by a factor of 0.76 which is much greater than the results obtained from Support Vector Machine. |
8,986 | Please write an abstract with title: 2846 - IEEE Draft Standard for Assumptions for Models in Safety-Related Automated Vehicle Behavior, and key words: IEEE Standards, Decision making, Autonomous vehicles, Vehicle safety, Autonomous driving. Abstract: This standard applies to road vehicles. Within its Normative portion, it defines a minimum set of reasonable assumptions and foreseeable scenarios that shall be considered in the development of safety-related models that are part of automated driving systems (ADS). |
8,987 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigations of the atomic-scale structure of amorphous metallic alloys by means of bulk and local magnetic measurements, and key words: Atomic measurements, Amorphous materials, Magnetic variables measurement, Crystallization, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Amorphous magnetic materials, Magnetic anisotropy, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Magnetic separation, Superconducting magnets. Abstract: We review recent developments of magnetic studies oriented toward understanding of the atomic-scale structure of metallic amorphous alloys. First, we summarize the bulk magnetic measurements performed on glassy alloys containing Rare-Earths (RE) in a non-S ionic state. Provided that the RE content is low enough for the exchange effect to be negligible and for the local anisotropy manifestations to be regarded as single-ion effects, one can obtain some information about the average local symmetry and its distribution around a non-S RE ion in an amorphous matrix from the study of "crystal field". These electric field gradients are evidenced by the low-temperature behaviour of magnetic susceptibility, magnetization and calorimetric properties as well as by the depression of the critical temperature as a function of RE content in amorphous superconductors. Secondly, we review the informations which have been gained recently about the local symmetry in transition-metal base amorphous alloys by means of Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopy. An easy case is that of amorphous alloys of same composition as single-phase crystalline compounds. The local symmetry around the glass-former element is rather well preserved as compared with crystalline counterparts. The NMR technique is then able to yield an evaluation of the degree of randomness in various amorphous alloys and to separate the effects of structural and chemical disorder. The local symmetry about the transition metal sites is more complex and more widely distributed than about the glass - former sites. The complex nature of this short-range order can be more readily determined by studying the case of amorphous alloys whose composition differs from that of a stoichiometric crystalline compound. The special role played by the eutectic composition is discussed. |
8,988 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Routing Study of Spacecraft Cable based on A-star Algorithm, and key words: Space vehicles, Connectors, Routing, Three-dimensional displays, Layout, Inspection, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: Design of 3D cable network is one of the main bottlenecks that affect spacecraft development progress, cause of its tedium and repetition. In this paper, a minimum spanning tree method is proposed to describe the cable connection relationship of spacecraft, which takes the frequency of connectors as the main investigation point. And an improved A-star algorithm is proposed, which added two new node lists (POOL and PATH table) to store the inspected nodes and generated path respectively, without the need to maintain a large list of nodes to be inspected (OPEN table) in real time. On the basis above, the automatic generation of 3D cable network design model is realized successfully and effectively. |
8,989 | Please write an abstract with title: Some Notes on the Optimum Design of Stepped Transmission-Line Transformers, and key words: Transmission lines, Transformers, Reflection, Bandwidth, Transmission line theory, Design methodology, Polynomials, Impedance, Capacitance. Abstract: This paper describes an optimum design of monotonic stepped transmission-line transformers when the reflection coefficient and the bandwidth ratio are prescribed. For the analysis, discontinuity capacitances and reflection interactions are neglected and the validity of the conclusions is therefore restricted to small steps. The analysis is applicable to a multistep transmission line of which the quarter-wave transformer is a special case. In particular, it is shown that if the number of steps is increased from three to five a larger bandwidth may be obtained, but it is not possible to reduce the over-all length in this manner. For a given bandwidth, the shortest taper is always a stepped transmission line and never a continuous one. |
8,990 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Step-Ahead Prediction of Exchange Rates Using Artificial Neural Networks: A Study on Selected Sri Lankan Foreign Exchange Rates, and key words: Exchange rates, Biological system modeling, Predictive models, Artificial neural networks, Currencies, Hidden Markov models, Biological neural networks. Abstract: The exchange rate is a very important economic indicator for countries with market economies as its fluctuations heavily affect the most areas in the economy. Accordingly, predicting future values of foreign exchange rates is very important in policymaking. This study was conducted to perform multi-step ahead predictions on foreign exchange rates of Sri Lankan Rupee against three international currencies using Artificial Neural Network models, to measure the accuracies of these models and identify shortcomings if present. Multi-Layer Perceptron, Simple Recurrent Neural Network, Long Short-Term Memory, Gated Recurrent Unit and Convolutional Neural Network architectures were employed for this study. Most of the models except few Gated Recurrent Unit models were able to predict 10-days-ahead exchange rates with a higher level of accuracies (97%-99%). According to the findings Stateful Simple Recurrent Neural Networks with one input layer, a hidden layer, a flatten layer and an output layer performed as the best architecture to predict the three exchange rates selected. |
8,991 | Please write an abstract with title: A Lyapunov-based design of robust control for a robot using neural networks, and key words: Robust control, Robots, Neural networks, Sliding mode control, Manipulators, Linear feedback control systems, Adaptive systems, Programmable control, Adaptive control, Neurofeedback. Abstract: An adaptive neural control scheme for mechanical manipulators is presented. The design basically consists of a neural controller which implements a feedback linearization control law for a generic manipulator with unknown parameters, and a sliding-mode control which robustifies the design and compensates for the neural approximation errors. The neural updating law is obtained based on the Liapunov design to guarantees the closed-loop stability. Moreover, this scheme attains a good trajectory tracking with a small transient under the robot dynamical uncertainties. |
8,992 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterizing the I/O Pipeline in the Deployment of CNNs on Commercial Accelerators, and key words: Computational modeling, Pipelines, Neural networks, Benchmark testing, Tools, Throughput, Hardware. Abstract: Commercial AI accelerators are gaining popularity because of their high energy efficiency for the inference of deep neural networks (DNNs). How to benchmark them remains hot research topic. Existing characterizing researches mainly focus on the hardware execution latency, without considering the pre- or post-processing and the copy-in or copy-out overhead, which is important during the end-to-end inference. Motivated by this, we model the end-to-end inference phase of commercial DNN accelerators with a five-stage I/O pipeline, including preprocessing, copy-in, hardware execution, copy-out, and postprocessing stages. We further investigate the involving factors in each stage and implement the whole I/O pipeline on three different hardware platforms, covering the emerging DNN accelerators and the traditional CPUs and GPUs. With six DNNs from real-world computer vision applications, we take a deep dive into the DNN inference pipeline and quantify the influence of each stage on the throughput. Our experimental results demonstrate the effect of this I/O pipeline and highlight the necessity of end-to-end evaluation. Moreover, the I/O pipeline we implemented is a flexible benchmarking tool, which can help users conduct an in-depth end-to-end evaluation of DNN inference phase. |
8,993 | Please write an abstract with title: A study on the design and manufacture power systems of non-contact chemical agent detectors based on the semiconductor laser, and key words: Semiconductor lasers, Weapons, Power lasers, Power distribution, Detectors, Information and communication technology, Chemicals. Abstract: Detection of chemical agents is important because some chemical agents have high toxic effects and can be used as chemical weapons. In this case, the power system plays an important role for stable power distribution of the detection device. In this study, a semiconductor laser-based non-contact chemical agent detection device power system was designed and fabricated. |
8,994 | Please write an abstract with title: Two-Way Selection Handover Algorithm for Load Balancing in Hybrid VLC-RF Networks, and key words: Radio frequency, Wireless communication, Simulation, Telecommunication traffic, Handover, Load management, Throughput. Abstract: Heterogeneous network (HetNet) composed of visible light communication (VLC) and radio frequency (RF) is considered as a promising solution for future high-speed indoor wireless communication. On the one hand, due to the small coverage area of VLC and the co-channel interference caused by dense deployment of VLC access points (APs), mobile user equipments (UEs) may experience frequent handovers and are more likely to transfer to RF AP with larger coverage. On the other hand, load balancing schemes can be induced to solve the problem of RF overload with the cost of extra handover overhead. This paper develops a two-way selection handover algorithm considering load balancing to improve system overall performance. Our algorithm first selects the appropriate target AP based on the hybrid technique of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and the technique for order preferences by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) for every UE who need to handover. And then we find the set of higher priority UEs for RF AP. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can not only significantly improve average user throughput, user fairness, but also evenly distribute the traffic load. |
8,995 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint frequency offset and channel estimation in the OFDMA uplink: Cramer-Rao bounds and training sequence design, and key words: Frequency estimation, Channel estimation, Content addressable storage, Frequency conversion, Doppler effect, Frequency synchronization, Clocks, Parameter estimation, Bandwidth. Abstract: In this paper, we address the data-aided joint estimation of frequency offsets and channel coefficients in the uplink of an OFDMA scheme. For large training sequence sizes, a compact and informative expression of the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) is derived. In particular, we show that asymptotic performance bounds for the parameters of a given user do not depend on the number of users. Moreover, it is shown that orthogonal and non-orthogonal carrier assignment schemes (CAS) both lead to the same asymptotic CRB. Finally, we bring to the fore the training sequences that are likely to lead to accurate estimates. Due to the above results, the design of the training sequence of a given user can be achieved independently from other users. Simulation results sustain our claims. |
8,996 | Please write an abstract with title: Cancer-radiotherapy equipment as a cause of soft errors in electronic equipment, and key words: Electronic equipment, Neutrons, Linear particle accelerator, Boron, Tungsten, Cancer, Contamination, Particle production, Dielectrics, Neoplasms. Abstract: The undesirable production of secondary neutrons by cancer-radiotherapy linear accelerators (linac) has been demonstrated to cause soft errors in nearby electronics through the /sup 10/B(n,a)/sup 7/Li reaction. /sup 10/B is a component in the BPSG used as a dielectric material in some integrated-circuit (IC) fabrication processes. |
8,997 | Please write an abstract with title: Radio Resource Allocation for 5G Networks Using Deep Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Wireless communication, Performance evaluation, 5G mobile communication, Scheduling algorithms, Network slicing, Optimization methods, Reinforcement learning. Abstract: The emerging 5G mobile network technology is intended to deliver an effective platform for the communication of devices within users. In this study, the proposed method enables the improvement of the connectivity for the IoT with network slicing concepts. The allocation of resources is based on individual network slices specified as audio, texting, video, and browsing. Then, to maximize the average resource allocation performance, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) optimization method is proposed. For user resource request queue round-robin scheduling algorithm is applied to control the traffic for sharing resources. Finally, this work addresses two leading issues as allocating network slices to the users, balancing resource blocks, and quality of service for fair resource allocation. |
8,998 | Please write an abstract with title: Category-based search using metadatabase in image retrieval, and key words: Image retrieval, Feedback, Image databases, Information retrieval, Content based retrieval, Computer science, Shape, Bridges, Image converters, Spatial databases. Abstract: We present a self-adjustable metadatabase aimed at improving the performance of the relevance feedback module extensively used in content-based image retrieval systems. Our metadatabase provides a mechanism for accumulating the optimized relevance feedback records (which are called metadata records) obtained from previous queries. Each metadata record in the metadatabase includes optimal query, feature weights, and identifiers of relevant and/or irrelevant images, and can be effectively used to guide future queries. With the metadatabase, the relevance feedback module admits a noticeable improvement on its performance for category-based search, especially when the relevant images form multiple classes in the feature space. Experiments on a Corel image set (with 31,438 images) show that our method has at least a 15% improvement on average precision and recall over relevance-feedback-only approaches. |
8,999 | Please write an abstract with title: A Cascaded Pseudo Open Loop Synchronization Technique for Grid Connected Application, and key words: Damping, Time-frequency analysis, Filtering, Simulation, Power system stability, Stability analysis, Frequency estimation. Abstract: Open-loop synchronization techniques OLSs can be classified into True (TOLS) and Pseudo or Quasi-OLSs (POLS/QOLS). The TOLS means a system that has no feedback in its structures which results in unconditional stability. Roughly speaking the advanced TOLSs suffers from two main drawbakcks:1) compromising performances under off-nominal frequencies in faulty conditions, 2) inefficiency under large frequency drifts and high computation time. To tackle the problem of frequency adaptivity, the POLS uses a frequency estimator. This technique works efficiently under large frequency drifts even in faulty conditions and benefits from low computation time. However, one of the main challenges in OLS techniques is how to improve dynamic performance without compromising the ability to reject disturbances. In this paper, an enhancement is made to the standard POLS to tackle this problem. The use of a cascade positive fundamental components estimator (PFCE) will allow us to enhance the response time while keeping the phase and magnitude error at their lowest. The mathematical model is presented then simulated. The simulation results validate this proposal. |
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