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9,700 | Please write an abstract with title: An Automated system for Fare Collection and Document verification in tollgate, and key words: Road transportation, Wireless communication, Databases, System performance, Near field communication, Smart homes, Receivers. Abstract: In modern years, (NFC) Near Field Communication skill is used in a variety of fields such as wireless communication, contactless payments, smart home systems and trusted applications. In the current scenario, waiting time of vehicles at the toll is increasing due to diverse payment methods. In recent times, there is a drastic increase in crimes, which occurs at nighttime on the highways. Documentation of the vehicle and the driver, which are travelling at the highways, are not being checked. The system in practice uses RFID technology, which has slower data transfer rate. One of the drawbacks of the existing system is that it does not collect the geographical location of the vehicles. Hence, vehicle tracking is not possible so to overcome this, the proposed system uses Near Field Communication technology, which verifies the documents and collects the fare at the toll in stipulated time. In addition to it, it records the geographical location of the vehicle and the details of the vehicle are uploaded to the database for future tracking purpose. This system hence focused on eliminating traffic and results in well-organized toll collection and monitoring. |
9,701 | Please write an abstract with title: Receptive Multi-Granularity Representation for Person Re-Identification, and key words: Feature extraction, Task analysis, Robustness, Neurons, Machine learning, Semantics, Adaptation models. Abstract: A key for person re-identification is achieving consistent local details for discriminative representation across variable environments. Current stripe-based feature learning approaches have delivered impressive accuracy, but do not make a proper trade-off between diversity, locality, and robustness, which easily suffers from part semantic inconsistency for the conflict between rigid partition and misalignment. This paper proposes a receptive multi-granularity learning approach to facilitate stripe-based feature learning. This approach performs local partition on the intermediate representations to operate receptive region ranges, rather than current approaches on input images or output features, thus can enhance the representation of locality while remaining proper local association. Toward this end, the local partitions are adaptively pooled by using significance-balanced activations for uniform stripes. Random shifting augmentation is further introduced for a higher variance of person appearing regions within bounding boxes to ease misalignment. By two-branch network architecture, different scales of discriminative identity representation can be learned. In this way, our model can provide a more comprehensive and efficient feature representation without larger model storage costs. Extensive experiments on intra-dataset and cross-dataset evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Especially, our approach achieves a state-of-the-art accuracy of 96.2%@Rank-1 or 90.0%@mAP on the challenging Market-1501 benchmark. |
9,702 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement-based worst-case execution time analysis, and key words: Time measurement, Control systems, Power engineering computing, Hardware, Power engineering and energy, Systems engineering and theory, Timing, Real time systems, Power system modeling, Computational complexity. Abstract: In the last years the number of electronic control systems has increased significantly. In order to stay competitive more and more functionality is integrated into more and more powerful and complex computer hardware. Due to these advances in control systems engineering new challenges for analyzing the timing behavior of real-time computer systems arise. The two identified main challenges are execution-time modeling of the hardware and the path problem that forbids capturing the worst-case execution time (WCET) by end-to-end measurements due to limits in computational complexity. This work presents the cornerstones of our new measurement-based WCET analysis method that successfully addresses these problems. We clearly identify our research goals and the relevance of our research. Especially, the novel aspects of our approach are emphasized. The conclusion is formed by a brief presentation of an industrial-size case study application. |
9,703 | Please write an abstract with title: Transimpedance Amplifier [Circuit Intuitions], and key words: Resistance, Impedance, Transistors, Optical fiber amplifiers, Bandwidth, Capacitance. Abstract: Discusses the technology of a transimpedance amplifier (TIA). A TIA is a two-port device that converts an input current in one port to an output voltage in another port. A TIA is expected to have a low input impedance, so as to absorb all the current produced by the PD, and a high output impedance, so as to have a high gain. We reviewed two TIA designs in this article, one using a simple common-gate amplifier and one using a regulated-cascode amplifier. |
9,704 | Please write an abstract with title: Heat transfer analysis and simplified thermal resistance modeling of linear motor driven stages for SMT applications, and key words: Thermal resistance, Resistance heating, Heat transfer, Surface-mount technology, Thermal conductivity, Finite element methods, Electrical resistance measurement, Thermal factors, Surface resistance, Fluid flow. Abstract: Heat transfer in linear motor driven stages for surface mounting device applications was investigated. In order to avoid the complex conjugate problem, convection heat transfer within fluid flow and conduction within solid parts were modeled and solved separately. First, film coefficients of the moving parts were evaluated from computational fluid dynamics and those of the stationary parts from the existing empirical or analytic correlations. Then, by applying these coefficients, internal and external temperatures of the linear motor parts were computed through finite element analysis. As an alternative approach, a simple one-dimensional thermal resistance model was introduced and compared with the finite element analysis. A good agreement was obtained. For validation, both analyses were compared with the measurement with respect to motor driving power. The computations agreed with the measurements within an error range of 8/spl deg/C. Subsequently, the thermal resistance analysis was applied to another stage with a cooling system. The influences of some factors, such as thermal conductivity of the insulation sheet, thermal contact between the coil assembly and the mounting plate, and air-cooling or water-cooling were examined through the analysis. |
9,705 | Please write an abstract with title: Ice thickness observations along the coasts of Eastern Canada and Southern Greenland, and key words: Ice thickness, Sea ice, Lakes, Snow, Meteorology, Storms, Tides, Sea measurements, Data analysis. Abstract: Ice thickness measurements were made at 22 stations along the coasts of eastern Canada and southern Greenland and on nearby lakes and rivers during the period 1943 through 1951. This report provides a tabulation which exemplifies the type of ice thickness data collected and descriptions of surface conditions during ice formation, growth and decay. Maximum observed ice thicknesses ranged from 31 inches at Presque Isle, Maine to 94 inches in Sondre Strom Fjord, Greenland. Least ice thicknesses at the end of the growth season ranged from 15 inches at Presque Isle to 47 inches at Cape Dan, Greenland. This report also gives the average number of days of ice cover for all stations. It ranged from about 100 days in southern Newfoundland to about 250 days in northern Baffin Island. |
9,706 | Please write an abstract with title: A catalogue of Locus Algorithm pointings for optimal differential photometry for 23 779 quasars, and key words: techniques: photometric, catalogues, quasars: general, software: public release. Abstract: This paper presents a catalogue of optimized pointings for differential photometry of 23 779 quasars extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Catalogue and a Score for each indicating the quality of the Field of View (FoV) associated with that pointing. Observation of millimagnitude variability on a time-scale of minutes typically requires differential observations with reference to an ensemble of reference stars. For optimal performance, these reference stars should have similar colour and magnitude to the target quasar. In addition, the greatest quantity and quality of suitable reference stars may be found by using a telescope pointing which offsets the target object from the centre of the FoV. By comparing each quasar with the stars which appear close to it on the sky in the SDSS Catalogue, an optimum pointing can be calculated, and a figure of merit, referred to as the ‘Score’ is calculated for that pointing. Highly flexible software has been developed to enable this process to be automated and implemented in a distributed computing paradigm, which enables the creation of catalogues of pointings given a set of input targets. Applying this technique to a sample of 40 000 targets from the fourth SDSS quasar catalogue resulted in the production of pointings and Scores for 23 779 quasars based on their magnitudes in the SDSS r-band. This catalogue is a useful resource for observers planning differential photometry studies and surveys of quasars to select those which have many suitable celestial neighbours for differential photometry. |
9,707 | Please write an abstract with title: Four-Legs D-STATCOM for Current Balancing in Low-Voltage Distribution Grids, and key words: Automatic voltage control, Power transformers, Distributed power generation, Renewable energy sources, Active filters, Voltage control, Low voltage. Abstract: The fast deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs) is creating a series of challenges that should be addressed in the coming years. In particular, distribution grids are playing an increasingly important role in the electricity system. Moreover, the three-phase four-wire structure of this network contribute to the appearance of imbalances and a series of problems derived from them. In this context, distribution system operators (DSOs), as the main responsible for the distribution grid, must ensure the quality of supply to consumers. This paper takes advantage of a four-legs D-STATCOM to remove current imbalances in low-voltage power lines. A 35-kVA prototype has been developed and installed in an urban distribution grid. The effect of the D-STATCOM has been analyzed during its first month of operation, studying and measuring the advantages of providing DERs the ability to perform active balancing to the utility grid. The results show a reduction in current imbalances from 21 % to 0 % and neutral current from 10.3 A to 0.4 A. In addition, a 13 % decrease in cable losses has been estimated and a slight improvement in voltage unbalance factor can be noted. |
9,708 | Please write an abstract with title: VLSI design automation activities at M.I.T., and key words: Very large scale integration, Design automation, Digital systems, Large-scale systems, Electrical engineering, Laboratories, Computer science, Textile industry, Fault tolerant systems, Education. Abstract: A large part of the M.I.T. research program in very large-scale integrated circuits (VLSI) deals with design automation. Industry today is facing a "design crisis" that requires substantial advances in the state of the art in design aids. University.research such as that at M.I.T. is aimed at making such advances. The design of an integrated circuit is viewed as a series of transformations among various domains of representation for the design. Many computer tools which assist in those transformations have been developed at M.I.T. There appear to be two new design methodologies emerging which are radically different from design styles currently in use in industry. |
9,709 | Please write an abstract with title: Femtosecond frequency comb measurements across the optical spectrum, and key words: Ultrafast optics, Frequency measurement, Laser stability, Optical harmonic generation, Measurement standards, Atom optics, Optical pumping, Fiber lasers, Laser mode locking, Bandwidth. Abstract: We describe our application of frequency comb technology to extend knowledge of absolute optical frequency for stabilized laser sources at 194 THz (1.54 /spl mu/m), 445 THz (674 nm), and 474 THz (633 nm). |
9,710 | Please write an abstract with title: PWM Rectifier Impedance Modeling for the UGM-INKA Hybrid Train, and key words: PWM rectifier, hybrid train, impedance model. Abstract: The hybrid train developed through the collaboration between UGM and INKA, utilizes the dc bus voltage to incorporate multiple energy sources, such as fuel cells, generators, and batteries. The hybrid train's dc voltage regulation requires a PWM rectifier to connect the generator to the dc bus and ensure voltage stability. The PWM rectifier needs an inductor on the input side as a filter, and a capacitor on the output side as a buffer to operate efficiently. In its practical application, the impedance value supplied by the generator may not satisfy or surpass the demands, causing the system to become unstable. This paper presents a model to determine the required inductance and capacitance values for the PWM rectifier. A 380 V three-phase ac generator with a power specification of 180 kW maintains the rectifier's dc output voltage at a constant 600 V. The inductance values were tested under various values and conditions. Based on the simulation results, the voltage-current ripple and drop increased with larger inductor values and decreased with smaller values. At 100% load, the voltage drop is 20.54% with the maximum limit inductor and 13.96% with the minimum limit inductor. The voltage ripple reached 2.65% at its upper limit and 0.47% at its lower limit. Meanwhile, the current ripple on the upper limit inductor measures 2.68%, and 0.54% on the lower limit. These results indicate that the proposed impedance model is suitable for implementation in a 180 kW PWM rectifier and ensures dc voltage stability. |
9,711 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Mitigating Probable Road Mishaps through DQN Based Deep Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Road accidents, Roads, Simulation, Velocity control, Urban areas, Reinforcement learning, Task analysis. Abstract: Road accident is a widespread problem in many urban areas nowadays. Reckless Driving (Over-Speed) is one of the attributes leading to the enormous destruction of pedestrian life. Autonomous vehicle speed control is an important research area in the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) to mitigate road accidents in densely populated areas. Many existed works utilized Reinforcement Learning (RL) to control the vehicle speed intelligently. However, controlling the over-speed of the vehicle using RL under the speed limit of the different zones (i.e., Town, Rural Main Road, Highways, and so forth) is also another demanding task because of the speed limit variation. Therefore, we propose a Deep-Q-Network (DQN) based Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL) method to overcome the over-speed problem in various speed limit areas. In this paper, the proposed system will reduce the vehicle speed intelligently if the driver passes over the speed limit in a particular zone. The simulation results show that our proposed solution can successfully reduce the vehicle speed under various zone-based speed limits. |
9,712 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Evaluation of a Foot-Controlled Robotic System for Endoscopic Surgery, and key words: Endoscopes, Robots, Surgery, Foot, Instruments, Bending, Robot kinematics. Abstract: In traditional endoscopic surgery, the surgeon manipulating the endoscopic instruments is supported by an assistant controlling the endoscope, where their coordination may be affected by communication errors. To address this issue, we introduce a foot interface controlled robotic endoscopic system, enabling the surgeon to simultaneously operate the endoscope and instruments. The system consists of a foot interface using four degrees of freedom (DoFs) foot gestures and a robotic driving system for a commercial flexible endoscope. The proposed robotic system was validated in teleoperation experiments performed by ten subjects, where foot teleoperation was compared with hand teleoperation and direct control of the endoscope with two hands. The participants could successfully teleoperate the endoscope with foot teleoperation and exhibited 40% faster task completion as with direct control. They found both foot and hand teleoperations comfortable and intuitive. Although hand teleoperation enabled the best performance, only foot teleoperation allows simultaneous control of three instruments. |
9,713 | Please write an abstract with title: Exit chart analysis of parallel data convolutional codes, and key words: Data analysis, Convolutional codes, Turbo codes, Australia, Concatenated codes, Iterative decoding, Digital video broadcasting, Code standards, Data engineering, Information analysis. Abstract: We recently proposed a new class of turbo-like codes called parallel data convolutional codes (PDCCs). The distinct characteristics of PDCCs include parallel data input bits and a self-iterative soft-in/soft-out a posteriori probability (APP) decoder. In this paper, we analyse this turbo-like code by means of the extrinsic information transfer chart (EXIT chart). Our results show that the threshold E/sub b//N/sub 0/ point for a rate 1/2 8-state PDCC is 0.6 dB, which is the same as the threshold point for a punctured rate 1/2 16-state parallel concatenated convolutional code (turbo code). |
9,714 | Please write an abstract with title: Feature Selection using Evolutionary Computation Techniques for Software Product Line Testing, and key words: Testing, Software product lines, Ant colony optimization, Algebra, Feature extraction, Software systems. Abstract: Software product lines are an excellent mechanism in the development of software. Testing software product lines is an intensive process where selecting the right features where to focus it can be a critical task. Selecting the best combination of features from a software product line is a complex problem addressed in the literature. In this paper, we address the problem of finding the combination of features with the highest probability of being requested from a software product line with probabilities. We use Evolutive Computation techniques to address this problem. Specifically, we use the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm to find the best combination of features. Our results report that our framework overcomes the limitations of the brute force algorithm. |
9,715 | Please write an abstract with title: The resistive barrier discharge, and key words: Voltage, Fault location, Plasma applications, Dielectrics, Atmospheric-pressure plasmas, Electrodes, Plasma chemistry, Plasma sources, Decontamination. Abstract: Nonequilibrium, atmospheric pressure plasma discharges are increasingly being used in various novel applications. In many of these applications, a nonthermal, large volume, atmospheric pressure discharge, which can be generated in a practical and economical way is sought. We present a novel method to produce such plasma. This method uses a similar configuration to the dielectric barrier discharge. However, instead of a dielectric, a resistive layer is used to cover at least one of the electrodes. This allows the operation of the discharge in either DC or AC (60 Hz) modes. |
9,716 | Please write an abstract with title: Half-price architecture, and key words: Registers, Pipelines, Logic, Radio frequency, Computer architecture, Processor scheduling, Out of order, Instruction sets, Delay, Hardware. Abstract: Current-generation microprocessors are designed to process instructions with one and two source operands at equal cost. Handling two source operands requires multiple ports for each instruction in structures, such as the register file and wakeup logic, which are often in the processor's critical timing paths. We argue that these structures are overdesigned since only a small fraction of instructions require two source operands to be processed simultaneously. We propose the half-price architecture that judiciously removes this overdesign by restricting the processor's capability to handle two source operands in certain timing-critical cases. Two techniques are proposed and evaluated: one for the wakeup logic is sequential wakeup, which decouples half of the tag matching logic from the wakeup bus to reduce the load capacitance of the bus. The other technique for the register file is sequential register access, which halves the register read ports by sequentially accessing two values using a single port when needed. We show that a pipeline that optimizes scheduling and register access for a single operand achieves nearly the same performance as an ideal base machine that fully handles two operands, with 2.2% (worst case 4.8%) IPC degradation. |
9,717 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a 150 kV 300 A 100 Hz Blumlein coaxial pulser for long-pulse operation, and key words: Coaxial components, Transmission lines, Impedance, Pulse generation, Voltage, Topology, Degradation, Design methodology, Coils, Solid modeling. Abstract: Blumlein pulse generators have been used with great success for high voltage pulse generation. They are capable of producing pulses in the nanosecond or microsecond ranges depending on the transmission line length and on the topology used. The main problem with this type of generators relates to the presence of stray lines that degrade the overall gain of the device. In this paper, we are proposing a design method of a 150 kV/300 A coaxial Blumlein pulser with pulse duration of 1 /spl mu/s in which the parasitic effects are minimized by winding the transmission lines on coil formers. Also we have developed a model that estimates the pulser voltage gain from just two parameters: the number of stages and the impedance ratio of the transmission line characteristic impedance and the parasitic secondary mode impedance. The model can be applied to other types of Blumlein generators with different geometries such as those made of strip transmission lines. |
9,718 | Please write an abstract with title: SAILenv: Learning in Virtual Visual Environments Made Simple, and key words: Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Machine learning algorithms, Navigation, Software algorithms, Semantics, Software. Abstract: Recently, researchers in Machine Learning algorithms, Computer Vision scientists, engineers and others, showed a growing interest in 3D simulators as a mean to artificially create experimental settings that are very close to those in the real world. However, most of the existing platforms to interface algorithms with 3D environments are often designed to setup navigation-related experiments, to study physical interactions, or to handle ad-hoc cases that are not thought to be customized, sometimes lacking a strong photorealistic appearance and an easy-to-use software interface. In this paper, we present a novel platform, SAILenv, that is specifically designed to be simple and customizable, and that allows researchers to experiment visual recognition in virtual 3D scenes. A few lines of code are needed to interface every algorithm with the virtual world, and non-3D-graphics experts can easily customize the 3D environment itself, exploiting a collection of photorealistic objects. Our framework yields pixel-level semantic and instance labeling, depth, and, to the best of our knowledge, it is the only one that provides motion-related information directly inherited from the 3D engine. The client-server communication operates at a low level, avoiding the overhead of HTTP-based data exchanges. We perform experiments using a state-of-the-art object detector trained on real-world images, showing that it is able to recognize the photorealistic 3D objects of our environment. The computational burden of the optical flow compares favourably with the estimation performed using modern GPU-based convolutional networks or more classic implementations. We believe that the scientific community will benefit from the easiness and high-quality of our framework to evaluate newly proposed algorithms in their own customized realistic conditions. |
9,719 | Please write an abstract with title: The effects of track width in magnetic recording, and key words: Magnetic recording, Magnetic heads, Crosstalk, Signal to noise ratio, Audio recording, Magnetic noise, Noise level, Phase noise, Leg. Abstract: The effects of track width on various performance characteristics have been measured over a wide range of widths. Signal level, noise, and signal-to-noise ratio were determined for track widths from 1.1 mils to 92 mils. The effects of crosstalk, actual recorded track width vs head width, and tape guiding, are described. The experimental data are in good agreement with theory, and no serious practical limitations on the use of very narrow tracks were discovered. High-density audio and pulse recordings were made without difficulty. Digital bit densities of one million per square inch and above are shown to be possible. |
9,720 | Please write an abstract with title: Time-stepping finite element analysis of starting performance of large salient-pole synchronous machines, and key words: Finite element methods, Performance analysis, Synchronous machines, Stators, Bars, Reliability engineering, Circuit simulation, Maintenance, Testing, Coils. Abstract: An engineering study has been carried out to enhance the reliability of the starting system of the salient-pole synchronous machines in a pumping-generating plant. The study involves an accurate prediction of the damper bar currents and temperatures during the starting process. Time-stepping finite element analysis for a multiple-pole model including coupled field-circuit formulation and rotor motion has been used. The predicted results are verified by experimental investigations. |
9,721 | Please write an abstract with title: Rapid Computer-Aided Manufacturing Tools Including Computerized Motion Control, and key words: Service robots, Trajectory tracking, Computational modeling, Aerospace electronics, Programming, Motion control, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: The models provided to perform dynamic analysis of structures uses of operating systems to run industrial equipment & accompanying equipment in the manufacture of work elements is known as computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). It is also referred to as computer-aided modeling or computer-aided machining.Robot behavior patterns nowadays are mostly reliant on programming material given by humans to conduct repetitive actions. The distinction between robots and today's mobile electronic devices, such as vehicles and aircraft, is whether they can function autonomously without human intervention. Due to the high requirement for repeated and regular motions in the sector of industrial manufacturing, this also serves as a great setting for the development of industrial robots.Motion control is among the most evidence-based therapeutic in the industrial automation environment. The greatest fault of humanity is that mistakes will occur, which in the case of industrial manufacturing lines will frequently result in small damage to the line and, in severe circumstances, harm to workers. Machines can eliminate a lot of human mistakes, but it must be assured that the computer can acquire the correct instructions or perform the intended actions, and these commands must still be delivered to the machine manually. |
9,722 | Please write an abstract with title: Authenticity Determination System Based on Image Matching Using Local Features, and key words: Feature extraction, Matched filters, Adaptive filters, Image matching, Computer science, Image recognition, Metals. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a system to determine authenticity using image matching. This system uses feature point matching to detect objects. We compare the corresponding points between images using local features and image size to improve the detection accuracy. Consequently, the detection accuracy improved by magnifying the target images to the size of the template image when the KAZE feature was used. |
9,723 | Please write an abstract with title: Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) System Performance Analysis in Dhaka, Bangladesh for Different Flow Regimes Using Kerosene Oil-Based CNT Nanofluid, and key words: Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT), Peformance analysis, Different flow regimes, Meteorological data in Dhaka, Kerosene oil-based CNT nanofluid. Abstract: Recent price hikes for energy sources such as oil, gas, and electricity in Bangladesh will aggravate the country’s poverty and hunger. As a result, experts suggested reducing electricity production’s reliance on fossil fuels and promoting renewable and clean energy sources. As oil-based nanofluid makes nanofluid more stable and improves its thermophysical properties at higher temperature and pressure, in this study, kerosene oilbased CNT nanofluid is used as a coolant to compare the effects of different flow regimes (creeping flow, laminar flow, and transitional flow) on the performance of a flat plate PV/T collector in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Finite element-based software COMSOL Multiphysics of version 5.4 is used for varying solar irradiation $(200\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{m}^{2}\leq \mathrm{G}\leq 1000\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{m}^{2})$. The wind velocity and ambient temperature are fixed at 2. $45\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ and $29^{0}\mathrm{C}$ respectively, considering the Bangladeshi condition. Empirical outputs are collected from postprocessing and presented in 3D surface plot, table, and line diagram using Microsoft excel. The results suggested that transitional flow is the most efficient, followed by laminar flow. However, compared to creeping flow, the difference between laminar and transitional flow is less significant. This project will improve the performance of PVTs in Dhaka, Bangladesh, by discovering the most effective alternate electrical and thermal energy sources. |
9,724 | Please write an abstract with title: A Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Resource Management Scheme With QoS Requirement for Ultra-Dense Networks, and key words: Resource management, Quality of service, Interference, Clustering algorithms, Optimization, Throughput. Abstract: Ultra-dense networks (UDN) have been considered as one of the best ways to improve the network throughput and energy efficiency (EE). However, massive and unplanned deployment of small cells will cause severe intra-tier interference among small cells and then deteriorate the network EE. For this, a Cluster-based Energy-Efficient Resource Management (CEERM) scheme is proposed to mitigate the interference while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) of user equipments (UEs) in this paper. Firstly, we propose a cell clustering algorithm to divide small cells into disjoint cell clusters according to the neighboring relationship. Then, the UEs in each cell cluster are further grouped into UE groups with the target of minimizing intra-cluster interference. Finally, a two-step subchannel allocation and non-cooperative game based power allocation scheme is proposed to maximize the network EE. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme CEERM can effectively boost the network EE with low computation complexity. |
9,725 | Please write an abstract with title: What Email Servers Can Tell to Johnny: An Empirical Study of Provider-to-Provider Email Security, and key words: Electronic mail, Security, Servers, Protocols, Standards, Internet, Postal services. Abstract: With hundred billions of emails sent daily, the adoption of contemporary email security standards and best practices by the respective providers are of utmost importance to everyone of us. Leaving out the user-dependent measures, say, S/MIME and PGP, this work concentrates on the current security standards adopted in practice by providers to safeguard the communications among their SMTP servers. To this end, we developed a non-intrusive tool coined MECSA, which is publicly available as a web application service to anyone who wishes to instantly assess the security status of their email provider regarding both the inbound and outbound communication channels. By capitalising on the data collected by MECSA over a period of 15 months, that is, ≈7,650 assessments, analysing a total of 3,236 unique email providers, we detail on the adoption rate of state-of-the-art email security extensions, including STARTTLS, SPF, DKIM, DMARC, and MTA-STS. Our results indicate a clear increase in encrypted connections and in the use of SPF, but also considerable retardation in the penetration rate of the rest of the standards. This tardiness is further aggravated by the still low prevalence of DNSSEC, which is also appraised for the email security space in the context of this work. |
9,726 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Based Autonomous Vehicle Super Resolution DOA Estimation for Safety Driving, and key words: Direction-of-arrival estimation, Estimation, Autonomous vehicles, Massive MIMO, Global Positioning System, Algebra, Safety. Abstract: In this paper, a novel system architecture including a massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) or a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and multiple autonomous vehicles is considered in vehicle location systems. The location parameters of autonomous vehicles can be estimated based on the deep unfolding technique, which is a recent advance of deep learning. Traditional vehicle location methods such as the global position system (GPS) can only locate the target vehicles with relatively low accuracy. The super resolution cannot be achieved when two vehicles are too close, which means that the safety incidents exist when autonomous vehicles are deployed in future intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Different from the existing massive MIMO or RIS equipped with a regular array such as uniform rectangular array (URA) and uniform circular array (UCA), we exploit a massive MIMO or a RIS equipped with a conformal array extended from traditional regular array. First, the rotation from the global coordinate system to the local coordinate system is achieved based on geometric algebra. Second, 2D-DOA estimation of autonomous vehicles is modeled as a novel block sparse recovery problem. Third, the deep network architecture SBLNet is implemented to learn the nonlinear characteristic from the DOAs of autonomous vehicles and the data received by massive MIMOs or RISs. The 2D-DOA and polarization parameters can be estimated based on SBLNet with relatively low computational complexity. Simulation results demonstrate that SBLNet performs better than the state-of-the-art methods in terms of estimation accuracy and successful probability. The SBLNet is also suitable for the practical scenario considering fast moving autonomous vehicles, while, the traditional block sparse recovery methods fail in this complex scenario. |
9,727 | Please write an abstract with title: Group Multi-Scale convolutional Network for Monaural Speech Enhancement in Time-domain, and key words: Convolution, Information processing, Computer architecture, Speech enhancement, Performance gain, Encoding, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Recent researches show that convolutional neural networks (CNN) can effectively enhance speech signal by mod-eling its long-term dependence in time-domain. However, the unscaled speech sequence length challenges the receptive field of the convolutional speech enhancement system. This paper proposes a plug-and-play bottleneck module named group multi-scale (GMS) module to alleviate the receptive field craving of convolutional neural networks. The GMS module adopts Group-Communication fashion, where each feature group can send messages to both adjacent groups and output features by convolutional encoding. In this way, the series group forms a sub temporal convolutional network (TCN) in a single residual block, bringing several times the receptive field of the standard bottleneck module. Experimental results on TIMIT datasets show that the proposed module achieves 1.2 dB SI -SNR gain in the TasNet framework compared with the baseline Con-TasNet. |
9,728 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating the Robustness of Semantic Segmentation for Autonomous Driving against Real-World Adversarial Patch Attacks, and key words: Computer vision, Three-dimensional displays, Computational modeling, Perturbation methods, Semantics, Pipelines, Robustness. Abstract: Deep learning and convolutional neural networks allow achieving impressive performance in computer vision tasks, such as object detection and semantic segmentation (SS). However, recent studies have shown evident weaknesses of such models against adversarial perturbations. In a real-world scenario instead, like autonomous driving, more attention should be devoted to real-world adversarial examples (RWAEs), which are physical objects (e.g., billboards and printable patches) optimized to be adversarial to the entire perception pipeline. This paper presents an in-depth evaluation of the robustness of popular SS models by testing the effects of both digital and real-world adversarial patches. These patches are crafted with powerful attacks enriched with a novel loss function. Firstly, an investigation on the Cityscapes dataset is conducted by extending the Expectation Over Transformation (EOT) paradigm to cope with SS. Then, a novel attack optimization, called scene-specific attack, is proposed. Such an attack leverages the CARLA driving simulator to improve the transferability of the proposed EOT-based attack to a real 3D environment. Finally, a printed physical billboard containing an adversarial patch was tested in an outdoor driving scenario to assess the feasibility of the studied attacks in the real world. Exhaustive experiments revealed that the proposed attack formulations outperform previous work to craft both digital and real-world adversarial patches for SS. At the same time, the experimental results showed how these attacks are notably less effective in the real world, hence questioning the practical relevance of adversarial attacks to SS models for autonomous/assisted driving. |
9,729 | Please write an abstract with title: Terahertz wave propagation characteristics on rough surfaces based on full-wave simulations, and key words: Surface roughness, Rough surfaces, Surface waves, Scattering, Sea surface, Correlation, Wireless communication. Abstract: Terahertz (THz) communications are considered as a critical technology for the future wireless communication. The THz band (0.1–10 THz) offers ultra-wide bandwidths and promises to satisfy the need for ultra-high-speed wireless communication. Although propagation characterization is necessary for the THz system design and validation, the response mechanism between the surface roughness and the THz wave is rarely studied. According to the Rayleigh Criterion, most surfaces in a physical environment may be considered to be rough. Scattering on rough surfaces will play a significant role in the THz propagation. Due to the difficulty of practical measurements at the THz band, we use a full-wave simulation method to study the propagation characteristics of scattering on rough surfaces. First, the Monte Carlo method is used to model rough surfaces with different root-mean-squared heights δ and correlation lengths l. Then, with full-wave simulations, frequency dependency, incident angle dependency, material dependency, and surface size dependency are discussed. By changing the roughness of surfaces, scattering on different rough surfaces at 300 GHz are simulated. Based on a large number of simulation results, we investigate the effect of δ and l on scattering on rough surfaces. Afterward, the cross-polarization discrimination of each case is analyzed and counted to evaluate the depolarization effect. This study shows that scattering can become a prominent propagation mechanism with the growth of roughness. Besides, the depolarization effect becomes much more severe for a rougher surface. Studying THz propagation characteristics on rough surfaces is critical to accurate THz channel modeling, which further supports the design and deployment of THz communication systems. |
9,730 | Please write an abstract with title: Foreword (Feb. 1983 Transactions), and key words: Microwave devices, Dielectric loss measurement, Millimeter wave technology, Art, Jacobian matrices, Research and development, Laboratories, Circuit synthesis, Engineering profession. Abstract: The millimeter wave community has had a roller coaster career over the last thirty years. The reasons are varied and have been adequately documented in great detail in the literature. The results have, however, been traumatic in that great efforts have been started, promises made, and finally, deliveries not met, followed by a drought in support till the next resurgence. Happily, this condition has changed since the early 1970's to a monitonically increasing support and interest, driven primarily by military requirements (see and fight on an obscured battlefield) and a still small but rapidly growing industrial/academia requirement. A barometer of this fact has been the increased publication rate, including special issues in this Journal plus the emergence of various specialist conferences. Today we stand on a threshold in the art, i.e., we must soon start delivering on our promises: Some other subtle issues also arise, specifically the question of industrial base. Picture, if you will, the hypothetical situation in which industry grows exponentially in the near future. Will there be an adequate industrial support base? Additionally, will second sources be available for system contractors? Obviously, the objective of this Special Issue is to present the latest efforts in the millimeter art, the previous comments being offered only as food for thought. |
9,731 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulating Correlated K-Distributed Clutter, and key words: Sea surface, Interpolation, Visualization, Correlation, Radar clutter, Radar detection, Data models. Abstract: A method of simulating the temporal and spatial correlation of k-distributed sea clutter has been developed. Long term correlation is simulated by interpolation and rotation of a correlation Gaussian surface which is then transformed a Gamma “texture” surface by a MNLT (Memoryless Nonlinear Transform). Short term correlation is simulated by a weighted local average. This provides a fast, flexible means of generating realistic correlated K-distributed data (both IQ and amplitude). |
9,732 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of a small unmanned helicopter model using genetic algorithms, and key words: Helicopters, Genetic algorithms, Mathematical model, Remotely operated vehicles, Mobile robots, Inspection, Stability, Vehicle dynamics, Parameter estimation, Aerospace simulation. Abstract: This paper describes a mathematical model of a small-scale helicopter developed at "Universidad Politecnica of Madrid" as a part of VAMPIRA (multi-sensor aerial vehicle for autonomous inspections) project. A hybrid (analytic and empiric) model of a small helicopter is presented. The stability and response of the model is presented after a brief comparison of different techniques for helicopters dynamic modelling as well as the parameters identification using genetic algorithms. Accuracy of the model is verified by comparing real flight and simulation data obtained during the experiments. |
9,733 | Please write an abstract with title: Artificial Neural Network for Identification of Infant Feeding Tracking Using the Smart Bottle System, and key words: Accelerometers, Training, Obesity, Pediatrics, Green products, Artificial neural networks, Data collection. Abstract: In this work, we present the results of a comparison of simple artificial neural network (FFNN) designs intended to identify infant bottle-feeding events and appropriate feeding volume recording intervals using accelerometer data recorded from a custom designed "Smart Bottle" system. To properly identify and distinguish these events with an accuracy of 99.8%, while accommodating the constraints of the deployment environment, two concurrent FFNNs were implemented. |
9,734 | Please write an abstract with title: Ultra-Wideband Flexible and Wearable Textile Antenna for Predicting Breast Cancer, and key words: Antenna measurements, Power measurement, Breast tissue, Ultra wideband antennas, Breast cancer, Skin, Fats. Abstract: It is estimated that one after 22 women in India will get breast Cancer in their life time. The possibilities of early detection are that, it will categorize cancer while still localized and curable, precluding not only mortality, but also reducing sickness and charges spend by them. Hence by developing an automated system for detecting the presence of cancerous tissue, analyzing the location and size of the developed dead tissue with low cost can support doctors for accurate diagnosis. The objective of this work is to design an Ultra-Wideband Textile Antenna in denim substrate of 0.75mm thickness with a dielectric constant of 1.7 for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals at 2.4GHz which can able to detect malignant tumor in breast cells. A breast tissue is placed between two Ultra-Wideband Wearable Textile Antenna and these two antenna act as sensors and we can basically characterize any biological tissue in terms of electrical features such as permittivity and tangent loss. Basically Biological tissue is highly non-homogenous material and is a mixture of blood fat and many other biological components having different permittivity and tangent loses but effectively and locally we can model this breast tissue by using a single permittivity and tangent loss which is basically a homogenous modelling at a particular frequency due to the presence of a tumor cell that homogeneity of the breast tissue will be hampered and these change of this variation of the electrical material property of the breast tissue will be captured into the transmission coefficient plot. Since this is a two port network, we can model this entire system by using a scattering matrix because we have two parts and four elements in this matrix and will be concerned mostly with the transmission coefficient and if we plot transmission coefficient versus frequency then we might have different responses depending on the tumor size, and the tumor location. So by having multiple plots, we can establish a correlation between transmission coefficient with tumor cell size and location. |
9,735 | Please write an abstract with title: Unslotted optical CSMA/CA MAC protocol with fairness control in metro WDM ring networks, and key words: Optical fiber networks, Multiaccess communication, Media Access Protocol, Optical control, Wavelength division multiplexing, WDM networks, Optical receivers, Optical transmitters, Optical sensors, Routing. Abstract: Optical carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is a media access control (MAC) protocol proposed for future metropolitan area wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ring networks with a fixed receiver and a tunable transmitter at access nodes. In this paper, we focus on the unslotted version of the optical CSMA/CA MAC which is a fully-distributed and asynchronous protocol. We present the results of design and performance evaluation of fairness control schemes based on longest queue first (LQF) scheduling and two random routing algorithms - full random routing (FRR) and partial random routing (PRR). Through extensive network-level simulation of a WDM ring network with 10 nodes and 10 wavelengths on a 100 km ring at 10 Gbit/s line rate, we demonstrate a combination of the LQF scheduling and the PRR with a retransmission counter provides good fairness (fairness index of 0.9995) with high bandwidth efficiency and small delay spread, under highly unbalanced traffic conditions. |
9,736 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of short-flow MOS charging monitor for ion implantation, and key words: Monitoring, Ion implantation, MOS capacitors, Testing, Ion beams, Crystalline materials, Electron beams, Silicon, Plasma measurements, CMOS technology. Abstract: Application of MOS capacitors for charging assessment is a widely accepted approach used by both process engineers and tool manufacturers. This paper presents results of optimizing short-flow on-wafer MOS capacitors with charge-collecting antennas to monitor charging caused by ion beams. The main factors considered during the optimization process include simplicity, testability, and sensitivity. Short-flow manufacturing of monitor wafers was developed to support the fast feedback "stick-and-test" approach. |
9,737 | Please write an abstract with title: Workforce development: a professional training system integrating high technology industry and academia, and key words: Industrial training, Courseware, Databases, Educational institutions, Industrial economics, Manufacturing industries, Agile manufacturing, Job shop scheduling, Information filtering, Information filters. Abstract: In these troubled economic times for technology industries the maintenance of a flexible professional training system for continuing employees becomes difficult. When faced with workforce reductions, the decision of many companies is to eliminate in-house training to the detriment of the continuing professional needs of its technical employee base. In this contribution we discuss a novel training system that is funded by the governmental sector, administered by the academic component in the state, and benefits the high technology industries and their employee base. Coined the Agile Courseware Delivery System, we present the overall structure and mechanism by which companies may take advantage of this state supported program. The Agile Courseware Delivery System can provide a regional high technology manufacturer with training and professional development activities equivalent to their previous in-house training organizational efforts. The program includes a secure database that allows employees to directly register for training and courses, supervisors to track on enrollments, plant administrators to assign course selection options and presentation schedules, and employees and employer to obtain summary information at appropriately filtered levels. Agile also includes course development and presentation components that are driven by the industrial partners needs and presented by appropriate faculty from USF's college of engineering or FL-ATE partner community college technical programs. This presentation will review the structure of the database, demonstrate its levels of accessibility and provide brief synopses of typical courseware. If possible an online Demonstration will be provided. |
9,738 | Please write an abstract with title: Improvements to a microelectronic design and fabrication course, and key words: CMOS integrated circuits, MOSFETs, Integrated circuit design, Electronics engineering education. Abstract: This paper presents improvements made to a complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication laboratory course to increase student learning and student impact (enrollment). The three main improvements to the course discussed include: 1) use of a two-mask MOS process that significantly reduced the time students took previously to design, fabricate, and verify the electrical properties of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) process; 2) students' use of a semicustom integrated circuit (IC) design that significantly reduced the average design and processing time of previous years; and 3) development and implementation of a system of course prerequisites, which allowed a larger number of students to enroll in the course. |
9,739 | Please write an abstract with title: Cost Simulations to Enable PPAC Aware Technology Development, and key words: Industries, Costs, Electronics industry, Companies, Tools, Filling, Semiconductor process modeling. Abstract: industry standard practice for new technology definition by Power, Performance and Area (PPA) is evolving to add Cost (PPAC). The addition of cost will drive the need for new TCAD tools that can simulate cost as well as the structures and performance resulting from a process. In this paper the requirements for accurate process cost modeling will be presented along with the description of a commercial PPAC capable TCAD tool implementation. |
9,740 | Please write an abstract with title: Advanced Robotics Mechatronics System: emerging technologies for interplanetary robotics, and key words: Mechatronics, Robot kinematics, Orbital robotics, Communication system control, Space technology, DC motors, Torque, Testing, Motor drives, Digital control. Abstract: The paper describes some of the results from the Advanced Robotics Mechatronics System Project. The objective of the overall project was to examine new technologies for the next generation of space robotics which would deliver reduced system mass and high torque density joints. The development and test of this novel manipulator joint and control architecture was based on the use of ultrasonic motors (USM). These motors were chosen due to their vacuum compatibility and inherent self braking. The joint consists of a single USM driving a harmonic drive and an electronics board used for motor control, joint telemetry gathering and serial communications to the control computer. Multiple joints are connected in parallel to the motor drive bus and sequentially switched to create near coordinated motion. In order to realize this control architecture, a digital USM controller was developed to replace the analog drive electronics. A prototype joint with drive electronics was built and tested at MD Robotics. Test results have shown that USMs with harmonic drives can provide higher torque densities over larger speed ranges when compared to DC motor and conventional planetary gear combinations used in small space robotic arm applications. |
9,741 | Please write an abstract with title: Ga-In Alloy based Nanoparticles for Deep UV Plasmonics, and key words: Nanoparticles, Integrated optics, Gallium, Shape, Photovoltaic cells, Ethanol, Optical device fabrication. Abstract: In the present work, we report the fabrication of Eutectic Gallium Indium (EGaIn) nanoparticles (NPs) suspended in ethanol through the process of probe sonication followed by their characterization. The effect of shape and size of EGaIn NPs on its UV plasmonic response is also examined. It is found that the Local Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) for EGaIn occurs in the UV region and depends on the size of NPs. As the size of NPs increases LSPR peaks shift towards the longer wavelength. |
9,742 | Please write an abstract with title: Fairness in Semi-Supervised Learning: Unlabeled Data Help to Reduce Discrimination, and key words: Machine learning, Training, Semisupervised learning, Data models, Labeling, Machine learning algorithms, Measurement. Abstract: A growing specter in the rise of machine learning is whether the decisions made by machine learning models are fair. While research is already underway to formalize a machine-learning concept of fairness and to design frameworks for building fair models with sacrifice in accuracy, most are geared toward either supervised or unsupervised learning. Yet two observations inspired us to wonder whether semi-supervised learning might be useful to solve discrimination problems. First, previous study showed that increasing the size of the training set may lead to a better trade-off between fairness and accuracy. Second, the most powerful models today require an enormous of data to train which, in practical terms, is likely possible from a combination of labeled and unlabeled data. Hence, in this paper, we present a framework of fair semi-supervised learning in the pre-processing phase, including pseudo labeling to predict labels for unlabeled data, a re-sampling method to obtain multiple fair datasets and lastly, ensemble learning to improve accuracy and decrease discrimination. A theoretical decomposition analysis of bias, variance and noise highlights the different sources of discrimination and the impact they have on fairness in semi-supervised learning. A set of experiments on real-world and synthetic datasets show that our method is able to use unlabeled data to achieve a better trade-off between accuracy and discrimination. |
9,743 | Please write an abstract with title: MSCU: Accelerating CNN Inference with Multiple Sizes of Compute Unit on FPGAs, and key words: Degradation, Processor scheduling, Multicore processing, Dynamic scheduling, Dynamic programming, Computational efficiency, Copper. Abstract: The FPGA-based accelerators have shown great potential in improving the performance of CNN inference. However, the existing FPGA-based approaches suffer from a low Compute Unit (CU) efficiency due to a large amount of invalid computation, thus leading to a great performance degradation. In this paper, we find that no single CU can perform the best across all the convolutional layers (Conv-layers). To this end, we propose multiple sizes of compute unit (MSCU), an approach to accelerating CNN inference on FPGAs. The key idea of MSCU is to select the best combination of CUs via dynamic programming scheduling for each Conv-layer, and then assembles each Conv-layer combination into a computing solution of the given CNN to deploy on FPGAs. The experimental results show that MSCU can achieve 3.36E-03 GOPs/Slice on Xilinx Zynq ZU3EG for performance density which is 4.29x higher than other approaches. |
9,744 | Please write an abstract with title: Multisource Acoustoelectric Imaging With Different Current Source Features, and key words: Imaging, Ultrasonic imaging, Electrodes, Lead, Spatial resolution, Transducers, Acoustics. Abstract: Based on acoustoelectric (AE) effect, AE imaging is a potential neuroimaging technique for mapping brain electrical activity with high temporal and spatial resolution. Acting as multiple current sources in the brain, neurons discharge with complex spatial distribution and current features, including frequency and amplitude. However, the current AE imaging mainly focuses on source with single feature, which is lack of multisource AE imaging. To make a step toward developing AE imaging as a clinical imaging technique, this work evaluates and verifies multisource AE imaging with different current source features. Three phantom experiments were implemented with different source configurations, including 1-source, 2-source with different frequencies and amplitudes, and 3-source with different frequencies and amplitudes. Each source with different features can be clearly imaged with a high resolution (1–2 mm of the −6-dB peak). Besides, according to frequency spectrum, the frequency feature can be effectively distinguished. In addition, based on the statistic results of AE signal amplitudes, there are significant differences between each source with different amplitudes. In this study, the multisource with different frequencies and amplitudes is not only clearly imaged but also effectively extracted corresponding features from AE signals. It validates the feasibility of multisource AE imaging with different current source features, which is critical to further research and application of complex AE neuroimaging. |
9,745 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal regulation of stochastic linear systems with adjustable parameter, and key words: Stochastic systems, Linear systems, Nonlinear filters, Optimal control, Gradient methods, Kalman filters, Servomotors, Computational modeling, Noise generators, Maximum likelihood detection. Abstract: The optimal regulation for stochastic linear systems with adjustable plant parameters is examined and posed as a nonlinear programming problem. A computational procedure built around the generalized reduced gradient algorithm is developed to solve the associated plant-controller design problem. The procedure is illustrated via a lateral autopilot design in which the quality of regulation is improved by approximately 18 percent over that achievable with a nominal fixed plant. |
9,746 | Please write an abstract with title: Diagnostics of the Cardiovascular System Based on Neural Networks, and key words: Electrocardiography, Neural networks, Diseases, Training, Feature extraction, Matlab, Heart rate variability. Abstract: The paper presents the results of studies of the analysis of the main indicators for the diagnosis of heart disease - electrocardiogram (ECG) based on neural networks. A method for training a neural network to classify ECG signals based on various possible states is proposed. The neural network was trained to classify signals according to various possible states. At the same time, heart rate variability parameters are extracted from ECG signals and used as input functions for the neural network. The signal processing is described, consisting of frequency filtering of signals, extraction and calculation of signs. The structure of the neural network and obtaining parameters in the learning process is presented. At the end of testing, an assessment of the effectiveness of classification is determined. For this, a wide range of methods for analyzing ECG signals was investigated. The main feature is to run a neural network with an ECG signal or functions extracted from the input to get an assumption of a cardiovascular condition or potential disease as output. A trained neural network can be used to classify ECG signals and thereby help diagnose the disease and determine the correct symptoms or types of disease. |
9,747 | Please write an abstract with title: Use and Misuse of the Term “Experiment” in Mining Software Repositories Research, and key words: Software, Software engineering, Data mining, Systematics, Resource management, Tools, Terminology. Abstract: The significant momentum and importance of Mining Software Repositories (MSR) in Software Engineering (SE) has fostered new opportunities and challenges for extensive empirical research. However, MSR researchers seem to struggle to characterize the empirical methods they use into the existing empirical SE body of knowledge. This is especially the case of MSR experiments. To provide evidence on the special characteristics of MSR experiments and their differences with experiments traditionally acknowledged in SE so far, we elicited the hallmarks that differentiate an experiment from other types of empirical studies and characterized the hallmarks and types of experiments in MSR. We analyzed MSR literature obtained from a small-scale systematic mapping study to assess the use of the term experiment in MSR. We found that 19% of the papers claiming to be an experiment are indeed not an experiment at all but also observational studies, so they use the term in a misleading way. From the remaining 81% of the papers, only one of them refers to a genuine controlled experiment while the others stand for experiments with limited control. MSR researchers tend to overlook such limitations, compromising the interpretation of the results of their studies. We provide recommendations and insights to support the improvement of MSR experiments. |
9,748 | Please write an abstract with title: Global Attractivity of Discrete-Time Recurrent Neural Networks With Lnsaturating Piecewise Linear Activation Functions, and key words: Recurrent neural networks, Piecewise linear techniques, Computer networks, Neurons, Neural networks, Computational intelligence, Laboratories, Electronic mail, Mathematical analysis, Equations. Abstract: Multistable networks have attracted much interesting in recent years, since the monostable networks are computationally restricted. This paper studies the global attractivity of a class of discrete-time recurrent neural networks with unsaturating piecewise linear activation function. Some conditions are derived by mathematical analysis to guarantee the boundedness and global attractivity of the networks. Simulation examples are used to illustrate the theory developed in this paper. |
9,749 | Please write an abstract with title: Overcoming roadblocks in widespread use of hardware description languages for RF/analog design, and key words: Hardware design languages, Radio frequency, Computer architecture, Software radio, Signal design, RF signals, Design automation, Testing, Baseband, Databases. Abstract: RF/analog system design often requires many more constructs than are present in Verilog and VHDL-AMS language extensions. These additional constructs are vendor specific and thus constrain the design database to a specific vendor. This paper describes the design of an LNA as part of software radio architecture to highlight some of the issues in using an HDL approach for system design |
9,750 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of Secure Multicast Routing for Cognitive Satellite-Terrestrial Networks, and key words: Satellite broadcasting, Optimization, Interference, Satellite antennas, Resource management, Base stations, MIMO communication. Abstract: The research aims to be a secured multi-casts transmission for cognitive satellite-terrestrial networks with Multiple input and Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna eavesdroppers where the satellite provides the group of legitimate users with a common confidential message and where interferences from the terrestrial base station (BS) are used to enhance the safety of the satellite link. Idea of this work is to reduce total transmitting power, subject to satellite connectivity secrecy rates and the terrestrial link data rate. The resulting problem of optimization involves the joint optimization of the non-convex and challenging information covariance matrices at the SAT and the BS. In order to turn the non-convex constraints into linear ones, we introduced a successive concave approximation method and proposed an efficient iterative algorithm. The results of the simulation show that the proposed algorithm is superior. |
9,751 | Please write an abstract with title: Multilayer Planar Transmission Lines, and key words: Microstrip, Nonhomogeneous media, Permittivity, Dispersion, Substrates, Mathematical model, Computational modeling. Abstract: This chapter discusses the single‐layer reduction (SLR) formulation applicable to the multilayer planar transmission lines. It presents the basic formulation of the SLR applied to the multilayer microstrip lines to compute dispersion, dispersive characteristic impedance, dielectric loss, and conductor loss. The concept of the effective relative permittivity converts the inhomogeneous medium microstrip to an equivalent isotropic homogenous medium microstrip line. The SLR process is also applicable to reduce the multilayer lossy symmetrically coupled microstrip lines to an equivalent single‐layer substrate. Two separate equivalent substrates, the even‐mode equivalent substrate and the odd‐mode substrate, could be obtained to compute the dispersion, frequency‐dependent characteristic impedance, dielectric and conductor losses of both the even and odd modes. The chapter also presents the basic formulation of the SLR applied to the multilayer asymmetric coplanar waveguide (CPW)/CPW structures to compute dispersion, dispersive characteristic impedance, dielectric loss, and conductor loss. |
9,752 | Please write an abstract with title: Enabling Suspended Sediment Concentration Detection With Passive RFID Tags, and key words: Sediments, Liquids, Passive RFID tags, Real-time systems, Rivers. Abstract: Suspended sediment concentration detection is a critical task for many practical applications. Traditional schemes suffer from complex operation, poor real-time performance and high cost. This paper explores the possibility of detecting sediment concentration in water with low-cost passive RFID tags. We propose a simple yet effective signal model, in which the received signal is separated into static and dynamic components. We establish the relationship between measured signal changes and sediment concentration via polynomial fitting in offline step. Therefore, the sediment concentration can be accurately detected with a simple mapping operation in the following online step. We implement a prototype system with COTS RFID devices, and extensive experiments are conducted to validate our design. The experimental results demonstrate that our scheme is able to achieve more than 95% accuracy for sediment concentration detection in water. |
9,753 | Please write an abstract with title: DOA Estimation Aided by Magnitude Measurements, and key words: Direction-of-arrival estimation, Multiple signal classification, Antenna arrays, Belief propagation. Abstract: This correspondence discusses the estimation of direction-of-arrival (DOA) in a magnitude-aided antenna array (MA-AA), where magnitude-only radio frequency (RF) chains are introduced into the classical AA to acquire magnitude measurements. DOAs are initially estimated by the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm based on the complex-valued measurements from the conventional antennas. After griding the neighborhoods of these initial DOAs, the DOA estimation problem with the hybrid observations in MA-AA is converted as the recovery problem of sparse signals, which can be resolved by generalized approximate message passing (GAMP). Due to the “spatial leakage” effect, non-zero clusters appear around true DOAs. Their positions (i.e., non-zero supports) provide DOAs estimations. Moreover, DOAs and supports remain unchanged in several snapshots, then common supports are shared. Therefore, the cluster-sparse property of sparse signals is exploited by modeling a hidden Markov-tree (HMT) in the shared supports, on which belief propagation (BP) is executed to recover the binary probabilities of supports. Some unknown hyper-parameters in GAMP and BP are learned by expectation-maximization (EM). In comparison to existing estimators, EM-BP-GAMP shows advantages on DOA estimation, computational complexity, and DOA resolution. With the EM-BP-GAMP estimator, MA-AA is more energy-efficient than the classical AA. These advantages are successfully validated by experimental results. |
9,754 | Please write an abstract with title: 3×3 Dipole lens antenna at 300 GHz with different permittivity lenses, and key words: 5G, 6G, Far field patterns, Lens antennas, Millimeter wave propagation, Near field patterns. Abstract: In telecommunications (5G/6G) lenses can be used to manipulate the electric field emitted by an antenna. In this paper different permittivity lenses were studied with 3×3 dipole array acting as antenna source. Iterative study to the lens eccentricity showed different lenses for different permittivity where a low permittivity lens with heavily eccentric shape increased antenna gain by 14.6 dB and high permittivity lens gain by 9.9 dB and the total gain was 32 dB for low permittivity lens and 27 dB for higher permittivity lenses. With high permittivity lenses the whole lens surface was not illuminated by the feeding antenna. |
9,755 | Please write an abstract with title: FPGA based Multiplier Less Decimator for Wireless Communication Systems, and key words: DSPDecimator, Digital Filter, FIR, FPGA. Abstract: Reconfigurable high speed and area efficient reconfigurable decimator is presented for wireless communication systems. The multiplier less Distributed Arithmetic (DA) Algorithm is used to achieve better speed by consuming fewer resources. The proposed decimator is designed using Polyphase decomposition technique. It is further supplemented by optimized Look up Table (LUT) partitioning to reduce hardware complexity. The developed decimator is simulated and synthesized on Virtex 2Pro based target Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA). The proposed decimator shows an improvement of 0.5-9.6% in speed. The design is also consuming 5.21-12.69% less slices, 12.54% less F/Flops and 4.34-10.50% less LUTs for economical solution. |
9,756 | Please write an abstract with title: A Logic for Multi-Agent Conformant Planning Over Transition Systems, and key words: Planning, Uncertainty, Semantics, Cognition, Set theory, Seals, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: Reasoning about actions and information is one of the most active areas of research in artificial intelligence. In this article, we study the reasoning about actions and information in multi-agent conformant planning, which is an essential branch of artificial intelligence. We introduce a semantic-driven formalism to capture the information change during the execution of actions. We then propose a dynamic epistemic logic for multi-agent conformant planning. Moreover, we give an alternative Kripke semantics and provide a complete axiomatization. |
9,757 | Please write an abstract with title: 5G Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication: Use Cases, Concepts and Challenges, and key words: 5G, eMBB, mMTC, URLLC, WIVE. Abstract: Ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) introduces true revolution in 5G. It supports use cases requiring very high reliability, improved energy efficiency, extremely low latency and massive connection density in the 5G and beyond systems. Several advanced features of 5G make it the most sought-after technology to meet these requirements. It also helps service providers to capitalize on these opportunities. Some use cases that are identified are Smart Grid and Harbour Automation, Entertainment and Media, Intelligent Transportation, Remote Healthcare and Smart Factory/Industrial Automation. This manuscript enumerates the basic concepts of URLLC along with some of its potential applications, followed by the physical layer technologies used in URLLC. Also, some of the challenges faced in its implementation and novel potential research topics are recognized. |
9,758 | Please write an abstract with title: C37.20.1a-2005 - IEEE Standard for Metal-Enclosed Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Switchgear---Amendment 1: Short-Time and Short-Circuit Withstand Current Tests---Minimum Areas for Multiple Cable Connections, and key words: IEEE Standards, Patents, Circuit breakers, Power engineering, Trademarks. Abstract: This amendment revises IEEE Std C37.20.1-2002. Use of “dummy elements,” previously allowed for short-circuit tests in 6.2.4 and 6.2.5.2, is eliminated. Errors made in converting areas in Table 10 to metric units are corrected. |
9,759 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Path Finding Algorithm for Logistic Routing Problem, and key words: Visualization, Technological innovation, Costs, Software algorithms, Vehicle routing, Clustering algorithms, Transportation. Abstract: The Logistic Routing Problem (LRP) is a type of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) that is generally about the optimal set of routes for a group of vehicles to cross over to deliver to a given set of geographical locations as customers. Cost to company plays a vital role where the economy has changed the people’s way of buying things and logistics development has also increased due to this. Determining an optimal solution in a VRP is NP-hard, so the solution to solve such problems is limited. Taking this as the challenge and finding an algorithm to get an optimal solution is the goal of this paper. The optimal solution here is to minimize the traveling cost and find the best route which is an important factor in terms of logistic transportation. The proposed method is to hybridize the existing Ant colony optimization. Firstly, clustering is done to divide the larger geographical area into smaller parts using K-means Algorithm. After the clusters are availed, ACO is used for Route optimization to obtain the shortest route. The models are estimated based on the distance. The design was programmed using Python Programming in Visual Studio Code as the software platform. |
9,760 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint Transmit Beamforming and Receive Filters Design for Coordinated Two-Cell Interfering Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Networks, and key words: Radar, Array signal processing, Interference, Signal to noise ratio, Transmitting antennas, Optimization, Antenna arrays. Abstract: Dual-functional radar-communication (DFRC) has been viewed as a promising component in future networks. The considered two-cell interfering DFRC network involves two multi-antenna base stations (BSs), and each BS serves multiple single-antenna users and receives echo signals to detect the target. An optimization framework for the joint transmit beamforming and receive filters design of a coordinated two-cell network is formulated. Specifically, we minimize the transmit power at two BSs subject to the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio constraints. To solve the formulated non-convex optimization problem, an alternating optimization-based method is invoked. For the transmit beamforming design, a locally optimal successive inner convex approximation (SICA)-based method with fast convergence is firstly proposed. To further reduce the computational complexity, we also provide three zero-forcing (ZF)-based sub-optimal methods for practical consideration. For the receive filters design, a power iterations-based method is proposed. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of our proposed SICA-based locally optimal and ZF-based sub-optimal schemes. |
9,761 | Please write an abstract with title: Development and future applications of satellite communications, and key words: Satellite communication, Satellite broadcasting, Digital video broadcasting, Quality of service, Multiprotocol label switching, Standards development, Communication switching, Optical fiber networks, Wireless networks, Telecommunication traffic. Abstract: The paper describes some essential trends in the development of satellite communications and introduces promising future applications. Important developments are the set up of standards based on digital video broadcast (DVB) and the application of on-board switching taking into account quality of service (QoS). Other developments are the application of multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) to satellite networks and the usage of optical inter-satellite and inter-platform links. Seamless interworking with terrestrial wireless access networks and with terrestrial core networks is of paramount importance for the success of satellite networks. Future applications of satellite communications include aeronautical satellite communications, satellite-based air traffic management and personalised land mobile radio broadcasting. |
9,762 | Please write an abstract with title: MIDA: a Web Tool for MIssing DAta Imputation based on a Boosted and Incremental Learning Algorithm, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Tools, Web pages, Boosting, Web servers, Electronic mail. Abstract: One of the main issues in machine learning is related to the quality of data used to efficiently train statistical models for classification/regression tasks. Among these issues, the presence of missing values in data sets is particularly prone in affecting the accuracy performance of learning methods. As a consequence there is a strong emergence of software tools aimed at supporting machine learning users in "filling-in" their data sets before inputting them to training algorithms. This paper bridges this gap by introducing a web-based tool for MIssing DAta imputation (MIDA) based on a novel supervised learning method, namely Generalized Boosted Incremental Non Parametric Imputation algorithm (G-BINPI), able to address the missing values issue in scenarios where a "missing at random" assumption occurs. The proposed approach enables machine learning users to remotely imputing their data sets by means of an intuitive graphical user interface. As highlighted in the experimental section, the proposed approach yields better performance than conventional approaches for missing data imputation on different benchmark data sets. |
9,763 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent intra-field interpolation for motion compensated deinterlacing, and key words: Interpolation, Degradation, Motion estimation, Curve fitting, Image converters, Tracking, Motion compensation, TV, Video sequences, Image sampling. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel intelligent intra-field interpolation for motion compensated deinterlacing. This method combines the advantage of cubic curve fitting interpolation and fuzzy edge interpolation to overcome resolution degradation caused by incorrect motion vector. The intelligent intra-field interpolation scheme alleviates resolution degradation in areas where object motion cannot be well tracked by motion estimation and produces deinterlaced pictures with better visual quality, less flicker, and imperceptible artifacts. Experimental results show that the developed method can indeed generate high quality intra-interpolation picture for motion areas. |
9,764 | Please write an abstract with title: Near-Complete Suppression of Harmonic Currents in SPMSMs Caused by Back EMF and Dead Time, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Torque measurement, Transfer functions, Torque, Stators, Current measurement, Transient analysis. Abstract: This article introduces a novel algorithm for suppression of phase current harmonics in three-phase sinusoidal surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machines (SPMSMs) caused by nonideal back EMF waveform and dead time effects. Proposed feedback acquisition chain obtains an exact information on all the relevant harmonics within each period of the fundamental. Design of the harmonic current controller based on the internal model control principle is given. The article outlines the relevant details of implementation and the results of verification performed by both computer simulations and experimentally, using a laboratory prototype machine. Experimental results, obtained in the presence of nonsinusoidal back-EMF and with erroneous dead time compensation, prove the ability of the proposed solution to remove the stator current harmonics quickly, in just two fundamental periods, and thus, eliminate torque ripple. |
9,765 | Please write an abstract with title: Object classification using artificial neural network processing of data obtained by impulse GPR with 1 Tx + 4Rx antenna system, and key words: Landmine detection, Surface waves, Artificial neural networks, Tin, Stability analysis, Object recognition, Surface treatment. Abstract: The system for detection of landmines and similar object is investigated. The processing of data obtained by impulse GPR with 1 Tx + 4Rx antenna system is proposed on the basis of artificial neural network approach. The unique antenna system collects important characteristics of subsurface object from reflected impulse electromagnetic wave. The filtration of received signals from interferences caused by experimental setup, its wave-like movement, and ground surface permits to prepare the data of the needed level of quality for further processing by artificial neural network. The network successfully classify a type of object and distance to them. The stability of the object recognition is checked for different level of additional noise. |
9,766 | Please write an abstract with title: Magnetic properties of high-coercivity melt-spun Pr-Fe-Co-Ti-B-Si system ribbons and their bonded magnets, and key words: Magnetic properties, Bonding, Magnets, Annealing, Wheels, Cobalt alloys, Iron alloys, Silicon alloys, Titanium alloys, Magnetic liquids. Abstract: Melt-spun ribbons of Pr/sub x/Fe/sub 98-x-y-z/Co/sub y/Ti/sub 1.5/B/sub z/Si/sub 0.5/(x=10.0 -13.0, y=8.0 -12.0, z=7.0 - 14.0) alloys were prepared by the single roller liquid rapid-quenching method, and the effects of composition, wheel velocity, and annealing condition on the magnetic properties were studied. The optimum preparation conditions and some of the properties were as follows: composition: Pr/sub 11/Fe/sub 68.5/ Co formula/sub 8/Ti/sub 1.5/B/sub 10.5/Si/sub 0.5/; wheel velocity: 10.0 m/s and annealing condition 600/spl deg/C for 5 min in Ar atmosphere; magnetic properties J/sub r/=0.8 T (8.0 kG), H/sub cJ/=1.57 MA/m (19.7 kOe), H/sub cB/=0.55 MA/m(6.9 kOe), (BH)/sub max/=111.2 kJ/m/sup 3/ (13.9 MGOe), H/sub k//H/sub cJ//spl times/100=24.9%, /spl alpha/(J/sub r/)=-04%//spl deg/C, /spl alpha/(H/sub cJ/)=-0.37%//spl deg/C and T/sub c/=403/spl deg/C. From a TEM observation, the average particle size of this ribbon was found to be about 23 nm. The isotropic compression molding bonded magnets were prepared by using Pr/sub 11/Fe/sub 68.5/Co/sub 8/Ti/sub 1.5/B/sub 10.5/Si/sub 0.5/ ribbons annealed at 600/spl deg/C for 5 min. The magnetic properties of this bonded magnet were J/sub r/=0.60 T(6.0 kG), H/sub cJ/=1.53 MA/m(19.3 kOe), H/sub cB/=0.42 MA/m (5.2 kOe) and (BH)/sub max/=66.8 kJ/m/sup 3/ (8.4 MGOe). The irreversible losses of Pr/sub 11/Fe/sub 66.5/Co/sub 10/Ti/sub 1.5/B/sub 10.5/Si/sub 0.5/ and Pr/sub 11/Fe/sub 64.5/Co/sub 12/Ti/sub 1.5/B/sub 10.5/Si/sub 0.5/ bonded magnets were smaller than that of an MQP-O bonded magnet at 150/spl deg/C. |
9,767 | Please write an abstract with title: Biasing effects in schedulability measures, and key words: Testing, Scheduling algorithm, Processor scheduling, Electric breakdown, Probability density function, Random variables, Real time systems, Computational complexity, Delay, Polynomials. Abstract: The performance of a schedulabilty test is typically evaluated by generating a huge number of synthetic task sets and then computing the fraction of those that pass the test with respect to the total number of feasible ones. The resulting ratio, however, depends on the metrics used for evaluating the performance and on the method for generating random task parameters. In particular, an important factor that affects the overall result of the simulation is the probability density function of the random variables used to generate the task set parameters. In this paper we discuss and compare three different metrics that can be used for evaluating the performance of schedulability tests. Then, we investigate how the random generation procedure can bias the simulation results of some specific scheduling algorithm. Finally, we present an efficient method for generating task sets with uniform distribution in a given space, and show how some intuitive solutions typically used for task set generation can bias the simulation results. |
9,768 | Please write an abstract with title: A flexible scheduling algorithm for the 5th-generation networks, and key words: 5G mobile communication, Protocols, Scheduling algorithms, Wireless communication, Delays, Throughput, Scheduling. Abstract: At present, the 5th-Generation (5G) wireless mobile communication standard has been released. 5G networks efficiently support enhanced mobile broadband traffic, ultra-reliable low-latency communication traffic, and massive machine-type communication. However, a major challenge for 5G networks is to achieve effective Radio Resource Management (RRM) strategies and scheduling algorithms to meet quality of service requirements. The Proportional Fair (PF) algorithm is widely used in the existing 5G scheduling technology. In the PF algorithm, RRC assigns a priority to each user which is served by gNodeB. The existing metrics of priority mainly focus on the flow rate. The purpose of this study is to explore how to improve the throughput of 5G networks and propose new scheduling schemes. In this study, the package delay of the data flow is included ic the metrics of priority. The Vienna 5G System-Level (SL) simulated is a iCATLAB-based SL simulation platform which is used to facilitate the research and development of 5G and beyond mobile communications. This paper presents a new scheduling algorithm based on the analysis of different scheduling schemes for radio resources using the Vienna 5G SL simulator. |
9,769 | Please write an abstract with title: Mode-switching in semiconductor lasers, and key words: Laser modes, Semiconductor lasers, Quantum well lasers, Optical noise, Optical pumping, Semiconductor device noise, Laser noise, Pump lasers, Optical modulation, Statistical analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we experimentally analyze the modal dynamics of quantum-well semiconductor lasers. Modal switching is the dominant feature for semiconductor lasers that exhibit two or several active longitudinal modes in their time-averaged optical spectrum. In quantum-well lasers, these dynamics involve a periodic switching among several longitudinal modes, which follows a well-determined sequence from the bluest to the reddest mode in the optical spectrum. This feature is radically different from the well-known noise-driven mode-hopping occurring in bulk lasers which involves only two main modes. We analyze the differences in modal dynamics for these two kinds of laser by comparing the modal switching statistics and by studying the effects of noise and modulation in the pumping current. |
9,770 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning at the Edge for Ultra High Rate Detectors, and key words: Field programmable gate arrays, Detectors, Neural networks, Machine learning, Data models, X-ray lasers, Throughput. Abstract: Several large physics experiments face an increasingly large "data firehose". Raw data generation exceeds TB/s rates for several existing and planned experiments, generating untenable data sets in very little time. The data often contain limited information and extracting this relevant information online would reduce the offline storage requirements by several orders of magnitude. Additionally, ultra low latency data analysis can be used to drive a fast feedback control system to adjust the experiment in real time, including decisions on data acquisition conditions, detector parameter adjustments and source operation modifications. However, most data state-of-the-art algorithms use computationally expensive operations and require uploading the data to a CPU or GPU compute node. With appropriate training, machine learning can categorize data samples and extract relevant information from raw data using simple arithmetic operations. Placing these fast inference models on FPGAs near the detector - at the edge - would reduce the data velocity at the source. We demonstrate this approach with an initial proof of concept targeting the CookieBox, an angular streaking detector developed for LCLS-II placed upstream as an online beam diagnostic tool. Data is streamed to the FPGA where a parallel and pipelined inference model extracts the relevant information in less than 20 μs at a streaming rate of 77 million events per second. |
9,771 | Please write an abstract with title: A Straight Inlet Rotary Sliding ARC Plasma Diesel Engine Exhaust Treatment Method and Device Design, and key words: Diesel engines, HVDC transmission, Fitting, Arc discharges, Fluid flow, Hydrocarbons, Discharges (electric). Abstract: Diesel exhaust contains a large number of hydrocarbons, which are difficult to decompose and carcinogenic, so it’s necessary to degrade hydrocarbons. Rotary sliding arc discharge is an effective method to decompose hydrocarbons, but the traditional rotary sliding arc discharge needs to rely on tangential air intake. In the actual application of diesel engine exhaust treatment, it has high design difficulty and transformation cost. Direct inlet can realize plasma arc rotating sliding mode without changing the exhaust emission structure of diesel engine. It is simple and practical. In this paper, a low-cost plasma rotary sliding arc device with direct air inlet is proposed, which is based on arc duration T Keep , arc breaking time T d , arc duration cycle Duty , and arc rotation angle ω as the electrical parameter index of sliding arc discharge working characteristics, the mathematical model of rotating sliding arc working electrical characteristic parameters is established by fitting, and the optimal discharge characteristic parameters of the device platform are obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed direct air inlet mode and index evaluation method, the determined input current value of HVDC drive is 35mA, the gas flow rate is 11.5L/min, and the arc rotation angle is 3.09 π, which has the best discharge effect, and the proposed device has an obvious removal effect on carbon hydride. |
9,772 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Representations for Neural Networks Applied to Spectrum-Based Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for Automotive Radar, and key words: Training, Direction-of-arrival estimation, Computational modeling, Superresolution, Estimation, Artificial neural networks, Radar. Abstract: This paper proposes a new approach to Direction-of-Arrival Estimation using Artificial Neural Networks. It is capable of estimating both, model-order and azimuth DoA in a single step. In a hybrid approach, we train on synthetic data generated from a signal model and validate on data obtained through a measurement setup. We show a proof-of-concept for the hybrid approach, validated with measurement data. Advances on the exactness of the signal model enable the trained ANN to handle real-world data out-of-the-box. Our findings indicate super-resolution performance and the capability of estimating even high model-orders while significantly reducing computation time. |
9,773 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance of a TD-SCDMA cellular system in the presence of circuit and packet switched services, and key words: Time division synchronous code division multiple access, Switching circuits, Packet switching, Multiaccess communication, Fading, Performance analysis, Power control, Principal component analysis, Interleaved codes, Cellular networks. Abstract: We analyze the performance of a time-division synchronous code-division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) system. In particular, we investigate the impact of packet switched applications (for instance Web browsing sessions) on the overall performance of the network. Here, we quantify the degradation of the voice users' quality in the presence of packet data services and vice versa. Finally, we investigate the impact of some power control parameters on the overall quality and we show that these parameters should be carefully chosen to balance the quality of voice and data users. |
9,774 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Discontinuous Galerkin Integral Equation for Half-Space Scattering Problems, and key words: Integral equations, Electromagnetic scattering, Computational electromagnetics, Method of moments, Mesh generation. Abstract: Aiming to the efficient electromagnetic scattering analysis from multiscale targets in half-space, the discontinuous Galerkin method is considered in this work. It is found that the widely used mixed-potential integral equation requires proper modifications in order to impose current continuity and zero charge accumulation conditions on the neighboring subdomain contours. Numerical examples and comparisons are carried out to demonstrate the accuracy, versatility, and flexibility of the discontinuous Galerkin scheme in half-space scattering problems. |
9,775 | Please write an abstract with title: Bonkers Borders - A Serious AR Game of Boundaries Unfitting and Consequences Unwitting, and key words: Augmented Reality (AR)-AR Board Game-Hybrid Games—Serious Games-Colonization-Imperialism. Abstract: Bonkers Borders is a serious Augmented Reality (AR) game that depicts a territorial struggle between rival imperial factions to lay claim to a newly discovered fictional continent. The project aims to be a satirical simulation of the detached imperialist approaches when carving up land borders on maps. The goal is to create a people-centric territory control game inspired by real-world events that could also be used to broaden the fields of serious and hybrid games, by providing an engaging and immersive experience with pedagogical, ludological, and technological relevance. The project takes the form of a hybrid physical-digital game that allows players to shape the game world through actions and objectively view the consequences of their decisions through a companion app. The implementation of this hybrid game was evaluated by players, with findings indicating significant interest in the potential for technology in tabletop games. The key aspects of such an application include computation, hidden information management, and immersion in the form of AR to realize a stationary 2D world in 3D. These findings also bode well for the nascent field of hybrid games. |
9,776 | Please write an abstract with title: A fast iterative algorithm for implementation of pixel purity index, and key words: Iterative algorithms, Hyperspectral imaging, Indexes, Pixel, Image analysis, Humans, Hyperspectral sensors, Computer science, Availability, Visualization. Abstract: The pixel purity index (PPI) has been widely used in hyperspectral image analysis for endmember extraction due to its publicity and availability in the Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) software. Unfortunately, its detailed implementation has never been made available in the literature. This paper investigates the PPI based on limited published results and proposes a fast iterative algorithm to implement the PPI, referred to as fast iterative PPI (FIPPI). It improves the PPI in several aspects. Instead of using randomly generated vectors as initial endmembers, the FIPPI produces an appropriate initial set of endmembers to speed up its process. Additionally, it estimates the number of endmembers required to be generated by a recently developed concept, virtual dimensionality (VD) which is one of the most crucial issues in the implementation of PPI. Furthermore, it is an iterative algorithm, where an iterative rule is developed to improve each of the iterations until it reaches a final set of endmembers. Most importantly, it is an unsupervised algorithm as opposed to the PPI, which requires human intervention to manually select a final set of endmembers. The experiments show that both the FIPPI and the PPI produce very close results, but the FIPPI converges very rapidly with significant savings in computation. |
9,777 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Breath Sampling Device and Procedure for Volatile Organic Compounds and Exhaled Breath Condensate, and key words: Volatile organic compounds, Performance evaluation, Spectroscopy, Metabolomics, Instruments, Standardization, Proteomics. Abstract: Breath analysis is a potential tool for non-invasive diagnostic biomarker discovery. Precise analysis of organic compounds in exhaled breath require appropriate sample collection methods. However, few researches have reported methods for collecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) simultaneously. In this study, the sampling device was designed for collecting both VOCs and EBC in breath with applicable sampling procedure. Conditioning and storage methods for sampling device were evaluated to prevent possible contaminants and artefacts. Analysis of VOCs samples were performed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). The results show that this sampling device and procedure could efficiently collect VOCs and EBC at the same time, thereby providing recommendations for standardization of breath sampling. |
9,778 | Please write an abstract with title: CRC Codes as Error Correction Codes, and key words: Degradation, Conferences, Ultra reliable low latency communication, Hardware, Error correction codes, Decoding, Error correction. Abstract: CRC codes have long since been adopted in a vast range of applications. The established notion that they are suitable primarily for error detection can be set aside through use of the recently proposed Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND). Hard-detection (GRAND-SOS) and soft-detection (ORBGRAND) variants can decode any short, high-rate block code, making them suitable for error correction of CRC-coded data. When decoded with GRAND, short CRC codes have error correction capability that is at least as good as popular codes such as BCH codes, but with no restriction on either code length or rate.The state-of-the-art CA-Polar codes are concatenated CRC and Polar codes. For error correction, we find that the CRC is a better short code than either Polar or CA-Polar codes. Moreover, the standard CA-SCL decoder only uses the CRC for error detection and therefore suffers severe performance degradation in short, high rate settings when compared with the performance GRAND provides, which uses all of the CA-Polar bits for error correction.Using GRAND, existing systems can be upgraded from error detection to low-latency error correction without re-engineering the encoder, and additional applications of CRCs can be found in IoT, Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC), and beyond. The universality of GRAND, its ready parallelized implementation in hardware, and the good performance of CRC as codes make their combination a viable solution for low-latency applications. |
9,779 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical Analysis of a Functional Equation for the Stochastic Optimal Control Problem, and key words: Uncertainty, Numerical analysis, Optimal control, Conference management, Large-scale systems. Abstract: This work presents the approach to solving the functional equation of non-local type that appears in the study of a stochastic optimal control problem. This experience demonstrates the challenges and possible solutions in the analysis of optimal control problems with Poisson uncertainty. |
9,780 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Scale Vehicle Detection and Tracking Method in Highway Scene, and key words: Highway Scene, Vehicle Detection, Multi-target Tracking, Trajectory Matching. Abstract: Based on tracking-by-detection strategy, this paper proposes a detection and tracking method for multi-scale vehicle targets. The method consists of object detection and trajectory correlation. Targeted at object detection, an improved SNIPER sampling strategy was proposed, which combined with Faster R-CNN deep learning model to achieve variable scale vehicle detection. For the trajectory correlation, motion features, apparent features and trajectory features are matched to achieve the matching between the detection target and the vehicle trajectory. The experimental results show that the method in this paper has made significant improvements over previous methods, both in accuracy and speed, and can detect and track multi-scale vehicle targets in highway scenes in real time. |
9,781 | Please write an abstract with title: ANN-based risk assessment for short-term load forecasting, and key words: Risk management, Load forecasting, Artificial neural networks, Power system modeling, Uncertainty, Power markets, Input variables, Predictive models, Bayesian methods, Radial basis function networks. Abstract: A new risk assessment method is proposed for short-term load forecasting. The proposed method makes use of the RBFN (radial basis function network) to forecast loads due to the good performance. Sufficient realistic pseudo-scenarios are required to carry out quantitative risk analysis in the Monte-Carlo simulation. The multivariate normal distribution with the correlation between the input variables of RBFN is used to give more realistic results. In addition, this paper employs the moment matching method to improve the accuracy of the multivariate normal distribution. The peak over threshold (POT) approach is used to evaluate the risk that exceeds the upper bound of generation capacity. The proposed method is successfully applied to real data of one-step ahead daily maximum load forecasting |
9,782 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduced complexity wavelet-based predictive coding of hyperspectral images for FPGA implementation, and key words: Predictive coding, Hyperspectral imaging, Field programmable gate arrays, Image coding, Satellites, Partitioning algorithms, Bit rate, NASA, Decoding, MODIS. Abstract: This paper presents an algorithm for lossy compression of hyperspectral images for implementation on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). To greatly reduce the bit rate required to code images, linear prediction is used between the bands to exploit the large amount of inter-band correlation. The prediction residual is compressed using the set partitioning in hierarchical trees algorithm. To reduce the complexity of the predictive encoder, this paper proposes a bit plane-synchronized closed loop predictor that does not require full decompression of a previous band at the encoder. The new technique achieves almost the same compression ratio as standard closed loop predictive coding and has a simpler on-board implementation. |
9,783 | Please write an abstract with title: High efficiency surface-emitting laser with subwavelength antireflection structure, and key words: Surface emitting lasers, Gratings, Dielectric substrates, Optical coupling, Optical surface waves, Reflectivity, Coatings, Reluctance generators, Gallium arsenide, Pulse measurements. Abstract: We report on a high efficiency tapered grating surface-emitting laser with an antireflection-structured (ARS) substrate. A 64% improvement of the device efficiency is obtained by monolithic integration of a sawtooth-shaped ARS on the GaAs substrate. Slope efficiencies of 0.82 W/A were measured at 975 nm in pulse pumping and are mainly limited by free-carrier absorption in the n-doped GaAs substrate. A maximum peak power of 25 W was obtained without coating the device's cleaved facet. The symmetry of the near-field intensity profile along the grating coupler is improved by varying the grating duty cycle from 20% to 55%. |
9,784 | Please write an abstract with title: Railway Track Crack and Key Detection Robot using IoT, and key words: GSM, Transmitters, Robot kinematics, Fault detection, Robot vision systems, Metals, Receivers. Abstract: An autonomous railway track fault detection system inspects every large and small-sized metals to detect any faults or defects in the railway track. This system can be actively used by the railway key man, who walks 8km everyday to inspect the defects. The main aims of the proposed study is to design and develop a system to effectively inspect, locate and report about the cracks or any other metallic damages to the appropriate authority. The proposed robot includes two Laser transmitter, Raspberry Pi 3 model, GPS (Global Positioning System) module, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) module and image processing-based track detection framework. Laser transmitter and receiver will identify the crack present in the track. The camera captures the damage in the railway lines, and later the captured image is utilized for analysis. GPS delivers the signal to Raspberry Pi 3, and further the GSM modules send an alarm message with the longitudinal coordinates of the region to the authorized contact that has already been saved in the robot. |
9,785 | Please write an abstract with title: Collaborative Self-Perception Network Architecture for Hyperspectral Image Change Detection, and key words: Task analysis, Network architecture, Collaboration, Statistics, Sociology, Optimization, Training. Abstract: Despite the great advantages in deep feature representation when dealing with change detection (CD) problem, the designs of neural networks were time-consuming processes of trial and error. In addition, the traditional CD methods based on deep neural networks (DNN) only deal with one dataset at a time, which has limited learning knowledge and undoubtedly fails to take advantage of the common characteristics among similar datasets. For hyperspectral images (HSIs) obtained by the same sensor, the spectral information has a similar physical meaning (radiance or reflectivity). To utilize the inherent similarity within hyperspectra for learning a robust difference signature, a collaborative analysis framework with self-perception network architecture (SPNA-CA) is proposed to efficiently learn from multiple datasets and leverage their synergy. Different network architecture searching tasks are established for each dataset pertinently, in which the evolutionary multitasking self-perception network architecture (SPNA) method is designed for exploring effective and reasonable network architectures. Besides, a cross-task knowledge transfer mechanism (CKTM) is proposed to transfer excellent network architecture information, which improves the efficiency of the collaborative analysis framework. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of collaborative analysis for solving HSI-CD problems among multiple datasets. |
9,786 | Please write an abstract with title: Kalman Filtering With Adaptive Step Size Using a Covariance-Based Criterion, and key words: Kalman filters, Covariance matrices, Trajectory, Noise measurement, Mathematical model, Filtering, Standards. Abstract: In Kalman filtering (KF), a tradeoff exists when selecting the filter step size. Generally, a smaller step size improves the estimation accuracy, yet with the cost of a high computational load. To mitigate this tradeoff influence on performance, a criterion that acts as a guideline for a reasonable choice of the step size is proposed. This criterion is based on the predictor-corrector error covariance matrices of the discrete KF. In addition, this criterion is elaborated to an adaptive algorithm, for the case of the time-varying measurement noise covariance. Two simulation examples and a field experiment using a quadcopter are presented and analyzed to show the benefits of the proposed approach. |
9,787 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and key Parameter Analysis of High Speed and Large Current Pulse Width Adjustable Pulse Constant-Current Source, and key words: air bag, pulse constant current source, voltage swing rate, parasitic capacitance. Abstract: By studying the working principle of constant current source circuit for airbag ignition test, a pulse constant current source with negative feedback of base current and voltage is designed. The key parameters in the analysis period include: the influence of the voltage swing rate of the operational amplifier, the parasitic capacitance of the MOS tube and the on-off resistance on the establishment time of the output current of the pulse constant current source. The experiment shows that the selection of appropriate devices can meet the requirements of airbag ignition test, the output characteristics of constant current source circuit can meet the requirements of 0-10A adjustable, the frequency 0-5khz adjustable, and the establishment time is less than 50 μ s. |
9,788 | Please write an abstract with title: Method for automation of planar multiunit antenna arrays design, and key words: Design automation, Antenna arrays, Phased arrays, Helium, Sun, Optimization methods, Search methods, Electromagnetic scattering, Electromagnetic waveguides, IEEE catalog. Abstract: We present a method for automation of planar multiunit phased antenna array (PAA) systems. The method is based on the optimized search method to find the extreme of the criterion function, i.e., to find the minimum reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave fed into the aperture of the PAA. An application example of the method for broadband scanning PAA with waveguide of arbitrary cross section is shown. |
9,789 | Please write an abstract with title: Magnetization and design of multistrand superconducting conductors, and key words: Magnetization, Conductors, Superconducting magnets, Magnetic separation, Superconducting cables, Magnetic field measurement, Superconducting coils, Length measurement, Magnetic losses, Loss measurement. Abstract: Magnetization of cabled and braided samples which are long compared to their transposition lengths has been measured in a uniform magnetizing field directed at right angles to their widths. A separated double pancake with nonuniform windings was constructed to produce a suitably uniform radial field in which long coiled samples could be placed. Magnetization losses have also been measured in the ISA I magnet at BNL. Results are compared with theories which are due to Wilson[1] and, basically, Morgan.[2] Also, design optimization procedures have been defined for the use of multistrand conductors in magnet windings. |
9,790 | Please write an abstract with title: An Acoustic Study on the Acquisition of English Front Vowels by Tibetan Students, and key words: Tongue, Education, Phonetics, Acoustics, Informatics. Abstract: It has long been observed that second language learners who natively speak different languages typically present different phonetic features in their second language acquisition. In this study an acoustic experiment has been made to explore the phonetic features of English front vowels uttered by college students whose mother tongue is Tibetan Lhasa. Lastly a further discussion was made to explore the method of teaching and learning of English vowels based on the experimental results. |
9,791 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhancing a robot-centric virtual reality system towards the simulation of fire, and key words: Virtual reality, Fires, Service robots, Industrial training, Robotics and automation, Production, Automotive engineering, Visualization, Testing, Costs. Abstract: Today's robot applications often include multi-robot multi-user environments which are planed thoroughly in 3D before installation. The key to gain the maximum benefit out of the already available models it is to reuse them for other purposes than only robot-simulation. One of these aspects surely is the training of future operators of the cell which is important especially for environments that are difficult to access for training. For example a production line in the automotive industry may not be shut down for a day of emergency-training. In this paper we will show how to reuse already modelled robot cells and mechanisms of the Cosimir simulation-system in emergency-training. We present an approach for graphical visualisation and simulation of fire. We show how to get realistic impressions of fire using advanced particle-simulation and how to use the advantages of particles to trigger states in a modified cellular automata used for the simulation of fire-behaviour. By this we can have a simulated fire developing and reacting on other fires and different substances as water, CO/sub 2/ or oxygen. It turns out that the mechanisms implemented for fire-simulation are also valuable for robot-simulation. So there is a mutual benefit between the robot-simulation and the simulation of fire. The methods proposed in this paper have been implemented and successfully tested on Cosimir, a commercial robot-and VR-simulation-system. |
9,792 | Please write an abstract with title: Designing and Investigating a Nondestructive Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection System for Quantitatively Identifying Wire Defects, and key words: Magnetic flux leakage, Wires, Power cables, Magnetic circuits, Atmospheric modeling, Steel, Magnetic analysis. Abstract: In-haul cables must be examined and maintained regularly to ensure the smooth operation of cable-stayed bridges. The magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection method is being applied increasingly commonly to inspect defects. For the quantitative identification of the broken wire, we designed an MFL inspection equipment and investigated the performance. A trapezoidal magnetic dipole model is constructed to simulate the leakage distribution, and the axial and circumferential excitation schemes are used to obtain the intensity of magnetic induction. Then, based on the simulation of model parameters, an MFL detection system is configured for detecting the damage in the broken wire. To investigate the adaptability of the developed system, a rectangular defect is inspected in the vertical and spiral climbing modes. The signal acquired under different paths is processed by the median filtering and wavelet transform methods and analyzed. A random forest algorithm is used to quantitatively identify the number of broken wires, defect dimensions, and cross-sectional area loss to verify the proposed method. The results show that the axial excitation generates a single peak signal, which offers better detection of the wire defects. In the vertical climbing mode, the maximum detection errors in the width and cross-sectional area loss are 0.64 mm and 0.46%, respectively, while the values are 0.21 mm and 0.1% in the spiral climbing mode, indicating that the latter mode offers higher identification accuracy. Furthermore, in future work, the detection capability of irregular defects should be studied, expanding its application in health monitoring. |
9,793 | Please write an abstract with title: Coordinated Frequency Regulation using Wind Turbine and Battery Energy Storage, and key words: Rotors, Wind power generation, Power system stability, Wind turbines, Batteries, Kinetic energy, Frequency control. Abstract: Wind power can participate in frequency regulation of the power system using stepwise inertial control after a disturbance by releasing rotor kinetic energy. During the stepwise inertial control, the system frequency drop caused by the disturbance can be decreased, then the buffering ability of the system to deal with disturbance is improved. However, the rotor kinetic energy cannot be released indefinitely. Once the allowable kinetic energy is released, the wind turbine (WT) will instantly reduce the output power and terminate the stepwise inertial control. In this case, the instantaneous drop of WT's output is equivalent to a new disturbance to the system, which will cause a secondary frequency drop (SFD) and threaten the safe operation of the system. Energy storage technology can quickly and flexibly adjust system power as an important controllable resource in the system. This paper proposes a coordinated control method using battery energy storage (BES) to minimize the SFD and improve the system's ability to buffer against disturbances. The variable droop control method is applied to the BES and the selection principle of droop coefficients is analyzed. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by case studies. |
9,794 | Please write an abstract with title: Radiation loss in dielectric waveguide Y-branch structures, and key words: Dielectric losses, Optical waveguides, Slabs, Optical losses, Optical devices, Stimulated emission, Optical waveguide theory, Tellurium, Optical beams, Optical waveguide components. Abstract: Volume current method is used to calculate the radiation loss of dielectric waveguide Y-branch structures. Radiation loss of a Y-branch in the power-dividing mode of operation is calculated accurately for the first time, obtaining proper zero loss in the limit of the zero branching angle. Radiation loss of a Y-branch with parallel output guides is calculated and compared to the loss of a three guide coupler-divider; the Y-branch has smaller loss. Simple analytical formulas are given for approximate loss calculation in these structures. |
9,795 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of windowing and subsampling algorithms on acoustic scattering strength databases, and key words: Acoustic scattering, Databases, Scattering parameters, Sampling methods, Sonar, Reverberation, Computational efficiency, Sea floor, Pathology, Parameter estimation. Abstract: Describes the results of a study of potential artifacts in seafloor acoustic scattering strength databases through algorithmic pathologies. Specifically, several methods of "windowing" and subsampling time-series reverberation data for the estimation of statistical parameters and the resulting georeferenced scattering database are evaluated. Data for this study were collected using an AN/SQS-53C sonar system and processed with the Sonar Active Acoustic Boundary Loss Estimation (SABLE) (Brown et al., 2001) system. Traditional methods of estimating scattering strength employ overlapping, fixed-length, periodic, windows (block processing) of the time series from which estimators of energy and other parameters are computed. In scientific experiments with limited objectives, viz., the calculation of a single parameter such as scattering strength at a specific location, computational efficiency, and the size of data sets are not important concerns. When objectives are to compute super-resolution multipurpose databases over large geographic areas, then computational efficiency, data rates and the size of the resulting database are important issues. In this study, a number of georeferenced scattering strength databases were created from the same data using different windowing and subsampling schemes. Two nontraditional methods used sampling based on a combination of thresholding and grouping of samples in time. The third, more traditional method, uses overlapping window sampling. An analysis of scattering strength deduced from databases obtained using 11 different sampling parameterizations is reported in this study. The approach compares the algorithms on a pair-wise basis in terms of estimated bottom scatter strength. The comparison includes the scatter strength estimate and a measure of its statistical reliability. Reverberation time series from the SQS-53C sonar were processed with several windowing and subsampling methods and sorted into georeferenced grid cells. The standard deviation of scatter strength was computed for each geocell, and those with standard deviation greater than 8 dB were removed from the analysis. An ensemble of cell-to-cell scatter strength differences was defined for each pair of algorithms. For each ensemble a mean difference, root-mean-square differences, and an estimation error were computed. These results were displayed in a two-dimensional pseudo-color matrix. The mean scatter strength over all geocells was computed for each database. The mean differences between the various sampling methods were all within 2 dB. The nontraditional algorithms produce smaller databases than did block processing. For example, with a threshold of 8 dB, the database size was 23 MB compared to 134 MB for periodic window processing with a window size half the transmitted pulse length and with 50-percent overlap. |
9,796 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and fabrication of optical printed circuit board (O-PCB) by integrating micro/nano-photonic waveguides and devices, and key words: Optical waveguides, Optical design, Optical device fabrication, Integrated optics, Optical devices, Printed circuits, Nanoscale devices, Optical filters, Optical resonators, Optical interconnections. Abstract: We report on the design and fabrication of what we call "optical printed circuit board (O-PCB)" by way of interconnecting and integrating micro/nano-scale optical waveguide circuits and miniaturized photonic devices. Planar optical waveguide circuits were fabricated out of polymer materials using thermal and UV embossing techniques. Micro/nano-scale photonic devices include arrayed waveguide gratings, directional couplers, beam splitters, filters, multimode interference devices, micro-ring resonator devices, photonic crystal devices and plasmonic devices. The O-PCBs were assembled by integrating these devices for the functions of transporting, switching, routing and distributing optical signals on flat modular boards. Potential use of O-PCBs for telecommunications, computers, transportation systems, and VLSI photonic circuits are discussed. |
9,797 | Please write an abstract with title: MCS Adaptation within the Cellular V2X Sidelink, and key words: Unicast, Processor scheduling, Conferences, Modulation, Interference, Encoding, Sensors. Abstract: Adaptation of the Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) within the Cellular Vehicle-To-Everything (C-V2X) sidelink has the potential for a wide range of applications including congestion control, support of variable packet sizes and improved support of unicast transmissions. However, the practical implementation of MCS adaptation presents a wide range of implications for the C- V2X radio resources, computation of power levels and the operation of the Sensing-Based Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SB-SPS) mechanism. This paper presents the first study that provides a detailed analysis and an imple-mented model highlighting the implications of MCS adaptation on the operation of SB-SPS. This provides the foundation for other applications of MCS adaptation within the C- V2X sidelink. To showcase the use of MCS adaptation, a quantitative evaluation of its performance for distributed congestion control is undertaken, while considering different vehicular densities. The results indicate that MCS adaptation can be useful to reduce channel congestion by decreasing resource occupation, but may not improve the overall packet delivery rate unless subchannel occupation is reduced. |
9,798 | Please write an abstract with title: A Digital Twin Architecture for Wireless Networked Adaptive Active Noise Control, and key words: Wireless communication, Microphones, Digital twins, Wireless sensor networks, Cloud computing, Speech processing, Loudspeakers. Abstract: The active noise control (ANC) is a complementary technique to the passive noise control (PNC) to reduce the low frequency noise. The ANC controller can be implemented by pre-trained filters or adaptive filters. The adaptive ANC controller is advantageous in its adaptation to environmental changes. However, the algorithm complexity of the adaptive ANC controller increases with the scale of ANC applications, making it difficult to be carried out on low-cost processors. To resolve this problem, cloud computing should be utilized in ANC systems, and thus the wireless networked ANC system is proposed. Since it is crucial for ANC controllers to generate the anti-noise wave in real time, this paper formulates a digital twin architecture that implements the control filter adaptation in the cloud and the anti-noise signal generation on the local controller, respectively. A digital twin filtered-reference least mean squares (DT-FxLMS) algorithm is proposed to coordinate the digital twin with the local controller. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the wireless networked ANC system based on the digital twin architecture. |
9,799 | Please write an abstract with title: Computation of Metric-Based Resolvability of Quartz Without Pendant Nodes, and key words: Measurement, Fault tolerant systems, Fault tolerance, Chemicals, Silicon compounds, Graph theory, Nanotubes. Abstract: Silica comes in three different crystalline forms, with quartz being the most common and plentiful in the crust of our planet. Other variations are created when quartz is heated. Each chemical structure may be deduced from graphs in which atoms alternate as vertices and edges as bonds, according to chemical graph theory. The latest advanced topic of resolvability parameters of a graph is, where the complete topology is formed in a particular way that every single atom’s unique location is obtained. The resolving basis, edge resolving basis, and some generalizations were investigated in this paper as resolvability characteristics of Quartz. Understanding and dealing with structures is made easier by transforming the entire topology into a unique form given by resolvability parameters. |
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