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Discuss the weaknesses of Weimar republic that led to its decline. (150 words)
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##Question:Discuss the weaknesses of Weimar republic that led to its decline. (150 words)##Answer:,
| 31,596
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Discuss the circumstances that facilitated the rise of Nazism in Germany and role of Hitler in it. (200 words|
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##Question:Discuss the circumstances that facilitated the rise of Nazism in Germany and role of Hitler in it. (200 words| ##Answer:,
| 31,597
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Discuss the characteristics of Nazism and how far it is similar or different with fascism. (150 words)
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##Question:Discuss the characteristics of Nazism and how far it is similar or different with fascism. (150 words)##Answer:,
| 31,598
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Why did President Hindenburg not try to stop Hitler from passing the Enabling Act in March 1933? (150 words)
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##Question:Why did President Hindenburg not try to stop Hitler from passing the Enabling Act in March 1933? (150 words)##Answer:,
| 31,599
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Write short notes on the following a) Military fascism in Japan b) Fascism in Spain (50 words each)
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##Question:Write short notes on the following a) Military fascism in Japan b) Fascism in Spain (50 words each)##Answer:,
| 31,600
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Discuss the weaknesses of Weimar republic that led to its decline. (150 words)
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##Question:Discuss the weaknesses of Weimar republic that led to its decline. (150 words)##Answer:,
| 31,601
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ब्लैक होल से आप क्या समझते है इसके बनने की प्रक्रिया बताइऐ तथा ब्लैक होल के प्रभावों की चर्चा कीजिये |
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##Question:ब्लैक होल से आप क्या समझते है इसके बनने की प्रक्रिया बताइऐ तथा ब्लैक होल के प्रभावों की चर्चा कीजिये |##Answer:,
| 31,602
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निम्न पर टिप्पणी कीजिये (a)सौर मण्डल की संरचना (b)क्षुद्रग्रह
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##Question:निम्न पर टिप्पणी कीजिये (a)सौर मण्डल की संरचना (b)क्षुद्रग्रह ##Answer:,
| 31,603
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भारत में जनजातियों के बीच वर्गों का उदय होने के कारकों की व्याख्या कीजिए |यह आदिवासी समाज को किस प्रकार प्रभावित कर रहा है ? (200 शब्द)
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##Question:भारत में जनजातियों के बीच वर्गों का उदय होने के कारकों की व्याख्या कीजिए |यह आदिवासी समाज को किस प्रकार प्रभावित कर रहा है ? (200 शब्द)##Answer:,
| 31,604
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भारत में वृद्ध जनसमूह पर वैश्वीकरण के प्रभाव का समालोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए| (200 शब्द),UPSC ,2013
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##Question:भारत में वृद्ध जनसमूह पर वैश्वीकरण के प्रभाव का समालोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए| (200 शब्द),UPSC ,2013##Answer:,
| 31,605
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वैश्वीकरण प्रक्रिया के परिणाम के पश्चात अब वी-वैश्वीकरण की प्रक्रिया प्रारंभ हो गया है | वी-वैश्वीकरण के कारणों का संक्षिप्त में टिप्पणी कीजिए तथा इसके वैश्विक एवं भारत पर प्रभावों को भी विश्लेषित कीजिये|(200 शब्द)
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##Question:वैश्वीकरण प्रक्रिया के परिणाम के पश्चात अब वी-वैश्वीकरण की प्रक्रिया प्रारंभ हो गया है | वी-वैश्वीकरण के कारणों का संक्षिप्त में टिप्पणी कीजिए तथा इसके वैश्विक एवं भारत पर प्रभावों को भी विश्लेषित कीजिये|(200 शब्द)##Answer:,
| 31,606
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वैश्वीकरण प्रक्रिया का भारतीय युवाओं पर सकारात्मक एवं नकारामक प्रभावों का परीक्षण कीजिए| (200 शब्द)
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##Question:वैश्वीकरण प्रक्रिया का भारतीय युवाओं पर सकारात्मक एवं नकारामक प्रभावों का परीक्षण कीजिए| (200 शब्द)##Answer:,
| 31,607
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भारत में विविधता के किन्हीं चार सांस्कृतिक तत्वों का वर्णन कीजिए और एक राष्ट्रीय पहचान के निर्माण में उनके आपेक्षिक महत्व का मूल्य निर्धारण कीजिए|UPSC ,2015 (200 शब्द)
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##Question:भारत में विविधता के किन्हीं चार सांस्कृतिक तत्वों का वर्णन कीजिए और एक राष्ट्रीय पहचान के निर्माण में उनके आपेक्षिक महत्व का मूल्य निर्धारण कीजिए|UPSC ,2015 (200 शब्द)##Answer:.
| 31,608
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What do you mean by Tax Avoidance? In this context, discuss various pros and cons of GAAR. (150 words/10 marks)
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Approach : Explain about tax avoidance Define GAAR Explain the prosof GAAR Explain the cons of GAAR Answer : Tax avoidance means the saving of taxes by finding a loophole in the provisions of the Acts. It also includes structuring your income in a way to get around paying too many taxes. Tax avoidance techniques are generally within legal boundaries but may be controversial in nature. Therefore, tax avoidance is treated as a grey area and is a constant subject of dispute among taxpayers, authorities, and judiciary. Tax avoidance is practised in many forms like establishing offshore units in tax havens and channelling profits through them or carrying out transactions through offshore subsidiaries to avoid attracting tax in India. A classic example of tax avoidance happened in 2007 when Vodafone plc took over Hutchinson Essar to create a stronghold in the Indian telecom industry. Tax avoidance is legal; but now, large-scale revenue loss is occurring due to aggressive tax planning by corporate using avoidance opportunities. Governments in many countries are introducing anti-avoidance rules to check this revenue loss from excessive avoidance. In India, the General Anti-Avoidance Rules concept was introduced in 2009. Pros · GAAR provisions empower tax authorities to declare any transaction as impermissible avoidance arrangement and determine the tax consequences if the transaction has been entered into with the main purpose of obtaining a tax benefit and it lacks commercial substance. · GAAR tries to examine imposition of taxes on those types of arrangements that are primarily aimed to avail a tax benefit or those don’t have any commercial substance. · GAAR will allow the government to raise more revenue. It empowers the revenue authorities to generate more revenue from all those transactions which are not paying their taxes. · GAAR helps in bringing competitive advantages to several businesses that have been doing genuine transactions against those businesses that have been misusing the loopholes of the tax structure. Cons · Where there is more than one main purpose for an arrangement, including the purpose of obtaining a tax benefit, the key issue to be considered is whether the Revenue can disregard the other main purposes and only focus on the tax benefit · It is apprehended that GAAR shall put too much of discretionary powers in the hand of a tax administration in the name of plugging tax avoidance. As it gives unbridled power to the tax authorities to question any transactions or arrangements, it may result in an increase in tax litigation. · The burden of proof is on the assessee to prove that the object behind entering into a transaction or an arrangement is not to obtain a tax benefit. This might affect the Ease of doing business in India. In this context, the govt constituted Parthasarathi Shome Committee which has recommended implementation of this advanced instrument of tax administration may be deferred by three years on administrative grounds till 2016-17. The Shome panel, among other things, has also suggested the abolition of tax on gains arising from the transfer of securities, which is subject to securities transaction tax (STT). It had also suggested that GAAR should not be invoked in intra-group transactions.
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##Question:What do you mean by Tax Avoidance? In this context, discuss various pros and cons of GAAR. (150 words/10 marks)##Answer:Approach : Explain about tax avoidance Define GAAR Explain the prosof GAAR Explain the cons of GAAR Answer : Tax avoidance means the saving of taxes by finding a loophole in the provisions of the Acts. It also includes structuring your income in a way to get around paying too many taxes. Tax avoidance techniques are generally within legal boundaries but may be controversial in nature. Therefore, tax avoidance is treated as a grey area and is a constant subject of dispute among taxpayers, authorities, and judiciary. Tax avoidance is practised in many forms like establishing offshore units in tax havens and channelling profits through them or carrying out transactions through offshore subsidiaries to avoid attracting tax in India. A classic example of tax avoidance happened in 2007 when Vodafone plc took over Hutchinson Essar to create a stronghold in the Indian telecom industry. Tax avoidance is legal; but now, large-scale revenue loss is occurring due to aggressive tax planning by corporate using avoidance opportunities. Governments in many countries are introducing anti-avoidance rules to check this revenue loss from excessive avoidance. In India, the General Anti-Avoidance Rules concept was introduced in 2009. Pros · GAAR provisions empower tax authorities to declare any transaction as impermissible avoidance arrangement and determine the tax consequences if the transaction has been entered into with the main purpose of obtaining a tax benefit and it lacks commercial substance. · GAAR tries to examine imposition of taxes on those types of arrangements that are primarily aimed to avail a tax benefit or those don’t have any commercial substance. · GAAR will allow the government to raise more revenue. It empowers the revenue authorities to generate more revenue from all those transactions which are not paying their taxes. · GAAR helps in bringing competitive advantages to several businesses that have been doing genuine transactions against those businesses that have been misusing the loopholes of the tax structure. Cons · Where there is more than one main purpose for an arrangement, including the purpose of obtaining a tax benefit, the key issue to be considered is whether the Revenue can disregard the other main purposes and only focus on the tax benefit · It is apprehended that GAAR shall put too much of discretionary powers in the hand of a tax administration in the name of plugging tax avoidance. As it gives unbridled power to the tax authorities to question any transactions or arrangements, it may result in an increase in tax litigation. · The burden of proof is on the assessee to prove that the object behind entering into a transaction or an arrangement is not to obtain a tax benefit. This might affect the Ease of doing business in India. In this context, the govt constituted Parthasarathi Shome Committee which has recommended implementation of this advanced instrument of tax administration may be deferred by three years on administrative grounds till 2016-17. The Shome panel, among other things, has also suggested the abolition of tax on gains arising from the transfer of securities, which is subject to securities transaction tax (STT). It had also suggested that GAAR should not be invoked in intra-group transactions.
| 31,609
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Discuss the objectives behind signing DTAAs? Explain how DTAAs were misused for round tripping and the amendments made by India in its DTAAs to rectify this issue. (150 words)
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##Question:Discuss the objectives behind signing DTAAs? Explain how DTAAs were misused for round tripping and the amendments made by India in its DTAAs to rectify this issue. (150 words)##Answer:,
| 31,610
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What is Direct Tax Code (DTC)? Discuss various benefits associated with DTC. (150 words
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##Question:What is Direct Tax Code (DTC)? Discuss various benefits associated with DTC. (150 words##Answer:,
| 31,611
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Explain the difference between Tax mitigation, Tax Avoidance and Tax evasion with appropriate examples. (150 words|
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##Question:Explain the difference between Tax mitigation, Tax Avoidance and Tax evasion with appropriate examples. (150 words|##Answer:,
| 31,612
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Write Short Notes (150 words/ 10 Marks) Parthsarthi Shome Panel on GAAR Place of Effective Management Rules Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
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##Question:Write Short Notes (150 words/ 10 Marks) Parthsarthi Shome Panel on GAAR Place of Effective Management Rules Base Erosion and Profit Shifting ##Answer:,
| 31,613
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IMF needs to reform itself in multiple areas to remain relevant for developing the world. Examine. Also briefly mention the institutions competing with Bretton Woods institutions.(200 words|10 marks)
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##Question:IMF needs to reform itself in multiple areas to remain relevant for developing the world. Examine. Also briefly mention the institutions competing with Bretton Woods institutions.(200 words|10 marks)##Answer:.
| 31,614
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Write a short note on following: a) Specialized Agency of United Nation b) Permanent Court of Arbitration
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##Question:Write a short note on following: a) Specialized Agency of United Nation b) Permanent Court of Arbitration##Answer:.
| 31,615
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Discuss various funds and programs of United Nation.
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##Question:Discuss various funds and programs of United Nation.##Answer:.
| 31,616
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Discuss various reforms associated with United Nation and India’s stand on these reforms.
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##Question:Discuss various reforms associated with United Nation and India’s stand on these reforms.##Answer:.
| 31,617
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What are the functions of United Nations Economic and Social (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional Commission attached to it.
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##Question:What are the functions of United Nations Economic and Social (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional Commission attached to it.##Answer:.
| 31,618
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IMF needs to reform itself in multiple areas to remain relevant for developing the world. Examine. Also briefly mention the institutions competing with Bretton Woods institutions.(200 words|10 marks)
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##Question:IMF needs to reform itself in multiple areas to remain relevant for developing the world. Examine. Also briefly mention the institutions competing with Bretton Woods institutions.(200 words|10 marks)##Answer:.
| 31,619
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Write a short note on following: a) Specialized Agency of United Nation b) Permanent Court of Arbitration
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##Question:Write a short note on following: a) Specialized Agency of United Nation b) Permanent Court of Arbitration##Answer:.
| 31,620
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Discuss various funds and programs of United Nation.
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##Question:Discuss various funds and programs of United Nation.##Answer:.
| 31,621
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Discuss various reforms associated with United Nation and India’s stand on these reforms.
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##Question:Discuss various reforms associated with United Nation and India’s stand on these reforms.##Answer:.
| 31,622
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What are the functions of United Nations Economic and Social (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional Commission attached to it.
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##Question:What are the functions of United Nations Economic and Social (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional Commission attached to it.##Answer:.
| 31,623
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IMF needs to reform itself in multiple areas to remain relevant for developing the world. Examine. Also briefly mention the institutions competing with Bretton Woods institutions.(200 words|10 marks)
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##Question:IMF needs to reform itself in multiple areas to remain relevant for developing the world. Examine. Also briefly mention the institutions competing with Bretton Woods institutions.(200 words|10 marks)##Answer:.
| 31,624
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Write a short note on following: a) Specialized Agency of United Nation b) Permanent Court of Arbitration
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##Question:Write a short note on following: a) Specialized Agency of United Nation b) Permanent Court of Arbitration##Answer:.
| 31,625
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Discuss various funds and programs of United Nation.
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##Question:Discuss various funds and programs of United Nation.##Answer:.
| 31,626
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Discuss various reforms associated with United Nation and India’s stand on these reforms.
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##Question:Discuss various reforms associated with United Nation and India’s stand on these reforms.##Answer:.
| 31,627
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What are the functions of United Nations Economic and Social (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional Commission attached to it.
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##Question:What are the functions of United Nations Economic and Social (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional Commission attached to it. ##Answer:.
| 31,628
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भारतीय राष्ट्रीय आन्दोलन में राष्ट्रीय नेता के तौर पर गांधीजी के उदय की घटना पर टिप्पणी करें|(शब्द 200) (10 marks)
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##Question:भारतीय राष्ट्रीय आन्दोलन में राष्ट्रीय नेता के तौर पर गांधीजी के उदय की घटना पर टिप्पणी करें|(शब्द 200) (10 marks)##Answer:,
| 31,629
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प्रारंभिक गाँधीवादी आन्दोलनों के प्रभावों की चर्चा करें|
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##Question:प्रारंभिक गाँधीवादी आन्दोलनों के प्रभावों की चर्चा करें|##Answer:,
| 31,630
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As world politics is changing from unipolar to mutipolar world, in this scenario USA play very imperative role in India’s foreign policy” , Based on this statement critically analyze the cost benefit analysis of the India-USA relation.(200-250 words)
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##Question:As world politics is changing from unipolar to mutipolar world, in this scenario USA play very imperative role in India’s foreign policy” , Based on this statement critically analyze the cost benefit analysis of the India-USA relation.(200-250 words)##Answer:,
| 31,631
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Indo-US civil nuclear deal was progressive step ,yet not materialised to the extent it should have ”. Discuss few reasons behind it. (150 words/10 marks)
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##Question:Indo-US civil nuclear deal was progressive step ,yet not materialised to the extent it should have ”. Discuss few reasons behind it. (150 words/10 marks)##Answer:,
| 31,632
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Ind0-us defence relation is more progressive and rapidly growing ? Discuss.
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##Question:Ind0-us defence relation is more progressive and rapidly growing ? Discuss.##Answer:,
| 31,633
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What does BRICS stand for? Is BRICS a rebel against the older international economic order?
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##Question:What does BRICS stand for? Is BRICS a rebel against the older international economic order?##Answer:,
| 31,634
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What were the different schools of Indian Sculpture Art in Post Mauryan period? Describe their characteristics features with suitable examples. (200 words)
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##Question:What were the different schools of Indian Sculpture Art in Post Mauryan period? Describe their characteristics features with suitable examples. (200 words)##Answer:,
| 31,635
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Write a short note: (150 words | 10 marks each) a) Fresco Paintings b) Differences between Chaityas and Viharas
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##Question:Write a short note: (150 words | 10 marks each) a) Fresco Paintings b) Differences between Chaityas and Viharas##Answer:,
| 31,636
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Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain. (150 words)
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##Question:Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain. (150 words)##Answer:,
| 31,637
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What do you understand by the concept “freedom of speech and expression”? Does it cover hate speech also? Why do the films in India stand on a slightly different plane from other forms of expression? Discuss. (200 words|10 marks)
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##Question:What do you understand by the concept “freedom of speech and expression”? Does it cover hate speech also? Why do the films in India stand on a slightly different plane from other forms of expression? Discuss. (200 words|10 marks)##Answer:.
| 31,638
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Write short notes to explain the following concepts (100 words|5 marks each) a) Double Jeopardy b) Article 18
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##Question:Write short notes to explain the following concepts (100 words|5 marks each) a) Double Jeopardy b) Article 18##Answer:.
| 31,639
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What is the significance of abolition of Untouchability? Discuss its relevance in present context. (150 words)
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##Question:What is the significance of abolition of Untouchability? Discuss its relevance in present context. (150 words)##Answer:.
| 31,640
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Article 19(1)(a) has undergone most liberal interpretation at the hand of Supreme Court after article 21. Discuss
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##Question:Article 19(1)(a) has undergone most liberal interpretation at the hand of Supreme Court after article 21. Discuss##Answer:.
| 31,641
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Discuss the factors why synthetic fiber has been able to give competition to the natural fibers.(200 words)
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##Question:Discuss the factors why synthetic fiber has been able to give competition to the natural fibers.(200 words)##Answer:,
| 31,642
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Write a short note on following: a) Agro-processing Industries b) Challenges with Tropical lumbering
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##Question:Write a short note on following: a) Agro-processing Industries b) Challenges with Tropical lumbering##Answer:,
| 31,643
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Discus the role of cotton industry in industrialization of the world. (150 words/10 marks)
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##Question:Discus the role of cotton industry in industrialization of the world. (150 words/10 marks)##Answer:,
| 31,644
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Discuss the trends or evolution of cotton industries globally. (200 words)
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##Question:Discuss the trends or evolution of cotton industries globally. (200 words)##Answer:,
| 31,645
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कॉरिआलिस बल क्या होता है | यह किन कारकों पर निर्भर करता है तथा उत्तरी व दक्षिणी गोलार्द्ध में पवन व समुद्री धाराओं पर इसके प्रभाव की चर्चा कीजिये |
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##Question:कॉरिआलिस बल क्या होता है | यह किन कारकों पर निर्भर करता है तथा उत्तरी व दक्षिणी गोलार्द्ध में पवन व समुद्री धाराओं पर इसके प्रभाव की चर्चा कीजिये |##Answer:,
| 31,646
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निम्न पर टिप्पणी कीजिये | (a) ज्वार –भाटा (b) सूर्य का परिक्रमण तथा इसके प्रभाव
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##Question:निम्न पर टिप्पणी कीजिये | (a) ज्वार –भाटा (b) सूर्य का परिक्रमण तथा इसके प्रभाव ##Answer:,
| 31,647
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To what extent the western European powers can be blamed for the outbreak of WWII ? (250 words)
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##Question:To what extent the western European powers can be blamed for the outbreak of WWII ? (250 words)##Answer:,
| 31,648
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Discuss the similarities and differences between Hitler and Mussolini.(150 words)
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##Question:Discuss the similarities and differences between Hitler and Mussolini.(150 words)##Answer:,
| 31,649
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Why WW1 and WW2 are termed as Total Wars?
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##Question:Why WW1 and WW2 are termed as Total Wars?##Answer:,
| 31,650
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To what extent the western European powers can be blamed for the outbreak of WWII ? (250 words)
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##Question:To what extent the western European powers can be blamed for the outbreak of WWII ? (250 words)##Answer:,
| 31,651
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Discuss the similarities and differences between Hitler and Mussolini.
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##Question:Discuss the similarities and differences between Hitler and Mussolini.##Answer:,
| 31,652
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Why WW1 and WW2 are termed as Total Wars?
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##Question:Why WW1 and WW2 are termed as Total Wars?##Answer:,
| 31,653
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The name "All India Services" is a misnomer. Comment. (200 words)
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APPROACH -In introduction student should briefly define All India Services along with its types -Discuss aboutthe features for calling it All India and not All India -Brief conclusion ANSWER All India services is provided for under the constitution in line with the idea of having a federal polity with a unitary bias. Thus, the three services, namely IAS, IPS and IFS are given the designation of being All india services. The officials under these services are recruited and trained by central government, but they are sent to work under the state government. Reasons for calling it All India – • Selected from all over India – so no parochial mindset and so an all India Vision • Also work under center and make policies for All India level • Sometimes work under other states also • Common training and orientation – uniformity in administration • Implement the same policy made by the center in all states maintaining uniform high standards of administration • Acts as a bridge between Center and States – promote federalism Reasons for not calling it All India – • Biased towards cadre state • Same cadre after promotion of State civil services to All India Services – hurdle in development of all India character. • Some officers are corrupt as per some studies – so the Service character of AIS is lost somewhere • Elitism in Services – detachment from public - service character is losing relevance • Political influence leads to regionalism Conclusion Though there are some instances of All India Officers being biased, but overall, the All India Services has played a crucial role in Indian Administration.
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##Question:The name "All India Services" is a misnomer. Comment. (200 words)##Answer:APPROACH -In introduction student should briefly define All India Services along with its types -Discuss aboutthe features for calling it All India and not All India -Brief conclusion ANSWER All India services is provided for under the constitution in line with the idea of having a federal polity with a unitary bias. Thus, the three services, namely IAS, IPS and IFS are given the designation of being All india services. The officials under these services are recruited and trained by central government, but they are sent to work under the state government. Reasons for calling it All India – • Selected from all over India – so no parochial mindset and so an all India Vision • Also work under center and make policies for All India level • Sometimes work under other states also • Common training and orientation – uniformity in administration • Implement the same policy made by the center in all states maintaining uniform high standards of administration • Acts as a bridge between Center and States – promote federalism Reasons for not calling it All India – • Biased towards cadre state • Same cadre after promotion of State civil services to All India Services – hurdle in development of all India character. • Some officers are corrupt as per some studies – so the Service character of AIS is lost somewhere • Elitism in Services – detachment from public - service character is losing relevance • Political influence leads to regionalism Conclusion Though there are some instances of All India Officers being biased, but overall, the All India Services has played a crucial role in Indian Administration.
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Lateral entry in civil services is the need of the hour. Critically examine. (200 words)
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##Question:Lateral entry in civil services is the need of the hour. Critically examine. (200 words)##Answer:,
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Bureaucracy is incompatible with democracy. Analyse giving Indian example.
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##Question:Bureaucracy is incompatible with democracy. Analyse giving Indian example.##Answer:,
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What do you mean by the term ‘Transfer Pricing’? How it is related to Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS)? In this context, discuss various steps taken by India under the BEPS Project. (150 words/ 10 marks)
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Transfer Pricing refers to value attached to transfer of goods or services between related parties. Thus, transfer pricing can be defined as the price paid for goods transferred from one economic unit to another, assuming that the two units involved are situated in different countries, but belong to the same multinational firm. Relation to BEPS Base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) refers to tax avoidance strategies that exploit gaps and mismatches in tax rules to artificially shift profits to low or no-tax locations. One of the ways of shifting profits is by misusing transfer pricing. Transfer mispricing, or transfer pricing manipulation refers to trade between related parties at prices meant to manipulate markets or to cheat tax authorities. Often, avoidance of taxes is the main purpose of transfer mispricing. For example, suppose that a Company producing cars has its HQ in Japan, and subsidiary in India. Besides, imagine that for the year, the Japanese operations have losses whereas the Indian subsidiary has profits. Here, if the Indian subsidiary purchases a component from Japan parent by recording it at a high price, it is good for the company as a whole. The profit of the Indian operations will come down (due to higher price). Hence, its tax outgo will come down. Similarly, the loss of the Japanese firm declines. The result is that the company as a whole including its parent and subsidiary has benefited by paying less taxes. Governments have also devised many measures to avoid the misuse of transfer pricing. One such method is the adoption of arms length principle for intra-firm sale of goods and services. Similarly, safe harbor rules are designed to eliminate transfer mispricing. Advance pricing agreement is another measure to check transfer mispricing Steps taken by India under BEPS Project Three approaches It should be mentioned in the title and the preamble of tax treaties (DTAA) that these are not meant for creating opportunities for treaty shopping. Limitation of Benefits: The benefit of tax treaty should be provided only to those companies which are genuinely doing business in the resident country. This means that the company must have significant investment, manpower, resident directors etc. in that country. Example, Amendments in DTAAs. GAAR Rules implemented Implementation of 15 Action Plans of BEPS Project Equalization levy(Action Plan 1): 6% tax on digital advertisements and related services by foreign firms Prevention of Treaty Shopping(Action Plan 6): For example, GAAR, Permanent Establishment(Action Plan 7): Example, PoEM Country by Country Reporting(Action Plan 13): Companies located in India have to provide information about their associated companies located in the rest of the world. Taxing intangibles(Action Plan 15): Royalty income from patents developed in India will be taxable in India @ 10% In 2017, the GoI signed the multilateral convention to implement tax treaty related measures to prevent BEPS As a member of G20 and an active participant of the BEPS project, India is committed to the BEPS outcome. To implement the BEPS actions, India has been amending its domestic tax law as well as tax treaties
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##Question:What do you mean by the term ‘Transfer Pricing’? How it is related to Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS)? In this context, discuss various steps taken by India under the BEPS Project. (150 words/ 10 marks)##Answer:Transfer Pricing refers to value attached to transfer of goods or services between related parties. Thus, transfer pricing can be defined as the price paid for goods transferred from one economic unit to another, assuming that the two units involved are situated in different countries, but belong to the same multinational firm. Relation to BEPS Base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) refers to tax avoidance strategies that exploit gaps and mismatches in tax rules to artificially shift profits to low or no-tax locations. One of the ways of shifting profits is by misusing transfer pricing. Transfer mispricing, or transfer pricing manipulation refers to trade between related parties at prices meant to manipulate markets or to cheat tax authorities. Often, avoidance of taxes is the main purpose of transfer mispricing. For example, suppose that a Company producing cars has its HQ in Japan, and subsidiary in India. Besides, imagine that for the year, the Japanese operations have losses whereas the Indian subsidiary has profits. Here, if the Indian subsidiary purchases a component from Japan parent by recording it at a high price, it is good for the company as a whole. The profit of the Indian operations will come down (due to higher price). Hence, its tax outgo will come down. Similarly, the loss of the Japanese firm declines. The result is that the company as a whole including its parent and subsidiary has benefited by paying less taxes. Governments have also devised many measures to avoid the misuse of transfer pricing. One such method is the adoption of arms length principle for intra-firm sale of goods and services. Similarly, safe harbor rules are designed to eliminate transfer mispricing. Advance pricing agreement is another measure to check transfer mispricing Steps taken by India under BEPS Project Three approaches It should be mentioned in the title and the preamble of tax treaties (DTAA) that these are not meant for creating opportunities for treaty shopping. Limitation of Benefits: The benefit of tax treaty should be provided only to those companies which are genuinely doing business in the resident country. This means that the company must have significant investment, manpower, resident directors etc. in that country. Example, Amendments in DTAAs. GAAR Rules implemented Implementation of 15 Action Plans of BEPS Project Equalization levy(Action Plan 1): 6% tax on digital advertisements and related services by foreign firms Prevention of Treaty Shopping(Action Plan 6): For example, GAAR, Permanent Establishment(Action Plan 7): Example, PoEM Country by Country Reporting(Action Plan 13): Companies located in India have to provide information about their associated companies located in the rest of the world. Taxing intangibles(Action Plan 15): Royalty income from patents developed in India will be taxable in India @ 10% In 2017, the GoI signed the multilateral convention to implement tax treaty related measures to prevent BEPS As a member of G20 and an active participant of the BEPS project, India is committed to the BEPS outcome. To implement the BEPS actions, India has been amending its domestic tax law as well as tax treaties
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What is Retrospective Taxation? Explain with example how it impacts Ease of Doing Business. In this context, discuss recommendations of Parthaarthi Shome Committee on Retrospective Taxation. (150 words)
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##Question:What is Retrospective Taxation? Explain with example how it impacts Ease of Doing Business. In this context, discuss recommendations of Parthaarthi Shome Committee on Retrospective Taxation. (150 words)##Answer:,
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Multiple versions of Value Added Taxation System existed in India creating various limitations, which have been largely overcome by introduction of GST recently. Discuss
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##Question:Multiple versions of Value Added Taxation System existed in India creating various limitations, which have been largely overcome by introduction of GST recently. Discuss##Answer:,
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Write Short Notes on: (50 words| 5 marks) 1. Advance Pricing Agreements 2. Laffer Curve
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##Question:Write Short Notes on: (50 words| 5 marks) 1. Advance Pricing Agreements 2. Laffer Curve##Answer:,
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मानक समय क्या है ,क्या भारत के मानक समय मे बदलाव की आवश्यकता है | अपना मत प्रस्तुत करे | (200 शब्द )
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##Question:मानक समय क्या है ,क्या भारत के मानक समय मे बदलाव की आवश्यकता है | अपना मत प्रस्तुत करे | (200 शब्द ) ##Answer:.
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महिलाओं के प्रति समाज में व्याप्त विषमता एवं होने वाले हिंसा ,जहाँ कठोर कानूनों को न्यायोचित ठहराते है ,वही दूसरी ओर इन विधियों के दुरूपयोग की घटनाएँ भी बढ़ गयी है |भारतीय सन्दर्भ में कथन का परीक्षण कीजिए और साथ ही इस प्रकार के चुनौतियों से किस प्रकार मुक्ति पाई जा सकती है ,सुझाव दीजिए | (200 शब्द)
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##Question:महिलाओं के प्रति समाज में व्याप्त विषमता एवं होने वाले हिंसा ,जहाँ कठोर कानूनों को न्यायोचित ठहराते है ,वही दूसरी ओर इन विधियों के दुरूपयोग की घटनाएँ भी बढ़ गयी है |भारतीय सन्दर्भ में कथन का परीक्षण कीजिए और साथ ही इस प्रकार के चुनौतियों से किस प्रकार मुक्ति पाई जा सकती है ,सुझाव दीजिए | (200 शब्द)##Answer:.
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लैंगिक असमानता की जड़ें सामाजिक एवं सांस्कृतिक संरचना में होती है |भारतीय समाज के सन्दर्भ में कथन का परीक्षण कीजिए|
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##Question:लैंगिक असमानता की जड़ें सामाजिक एवं सांस्कृतिक संरचना में होती है |भारतीय समाज के सन्दर्भ में कथन का परीक्षण कीजिए|##Answer:.
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निजता के संरक्षण तथा एवं सामाजिक व्यवस्था के संचालन के मध्य आप किसे प्राथमिकता प्रदान करेंगे ? समलैंगिकता संबंधित मामलों के सन्दर्भ में कथन की समीक्षा कीजिए|(200 शब्द)
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##Question:निजता के संरक्षण तथा एवं सामाजिक व्यवस्था के संचालन के मध्य आप किसे प्राथमिकता प्रदान करेंगे ? समलैंगिकता संबंधित मामलों के सन्दर्भ में कथन की समीक्षा कीजिए|(200 शब्द)##Answer:.
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स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के पश्चात भारत सरकार द्वारा ,लैंगिक समानता की प्राप्ति के लिए किए गए प्रयासों पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी कीजिए| (200 शब्द)
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##Question:स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के पश्चात भारत सरकार द्वारा ,लैंगिक समानता की प्राप्ति के लिए किए गए प्रयासों पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी कीजिए| (200 शब्द)##Answer:.
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What is the significance of right to life and personal liberty? How have the courts expanded its meaning over the years? (200 words|10 marks)
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##Question:What is the significance of right to life and personal liberty? How have the courts expanded its meaning over the years? (200 words|10 marks)##Answer:.
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Differentiate between Procedure established by law and Due process of law. (150 words)
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##Question:Differentiate between Procedure established by law and Due process of law. (150 words)##Answer:.
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Principle of natural justice is a necessary for healthy functioning of democracy”. Discuss. (150 words)
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##Question:Principle of natural justice is a necessary for healthy functioning of democracy”. Discuss. (150 words)##Answer:.
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World War II changed the geo-political balance prevailing in the pre-world era. In this context analyze the impacts of World War II. (150 words/10 marks)
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Approach: Introduction-Write a bried about WWII and parties involved in it Main Body-Write a WWll the major outcomes/impacts Conclusion-give an ending remark based on the overall discussion Answer- World War II, also called Second World War, was a conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939–45. The principal belligerents were the Axis powers—Germany, Italy, and Japan—and the Allies—France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. It was the biggest conflict in history that had lasted almost six years. Nearly 100 million people had been militarised, and 50 million had been killed (around 3% of the world"s population). The aftermath of World War II: impacts of World War II 1. New Superpowers World War II brought about changes in the status of countries and continents. Britain and France lost their positions of preeminence as superpowers and yielded place to the USA and the USSR. 2. Start of Decolonisation After the war, Britain, and France were confronted with various domestic and external problems. Both of them could no longer hold onto their respective colonies Thus, the post-war world witnessed the end of colonialism in Africa and Asia. 3. Birth of UN One of the momentous results of the war was the birth of the United Nations Organisation. Although the League failed to deliver, mankind did not altogether lose its hopes of making the world a safer and happier place to live in. The UN Charter enshrines the hopes and ideals of mankind on the basis of which countries can work together to maintain lasting peace. However, the establishment of the UN was agreed upon, much before the end of World War II under the Atlantic Charter. Start of Cold War After the end of the war, a conference was held in Potsdam, Germany, to set up peace treaties. The countries that fought with Hitler lost territory and had to pay reparations to the Allies. Germany and its capital Berlin were divided into four parts. The zones were to be controlled by Great Britain, the United States, France and the Soviet Union. The three western Allies and the Soviet Union disagreed on many things and as time went on Germany was divided into two separate countries: East Germany, which had a Communist government, and West Germany, which was a democratic state . This laid the foundation of the Cold War. 4.New Economic World Order Bretton Woods Conference, formally United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, meeting at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire (July 1–22, 1944), during World War II to make financial arrangements for the postwar world after the expected defeat of Germany and Japan. It drew up a project for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD-now known as World Bank) to make long-term capital available to states urgently needing such foreign aid, and a project for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to finance short-term imbalances in international payments in order to stabilize exchange rates. Also, the US dollar was established as a reserve currency for the world trade. India and World II World War II had taken an immense toll on the British Empire. Britain had lost a lot of capital and they were looking to their colonies to help them get the status of world power back. However, Mahatma Gandhi at this time organized Indians against the British. Also, World War II broke out to contain Hitler"s intention of having German colonies beyond its borders, the same colonial occupation that Britain had already been practicing for centuries. Thus, after the war, people all over the world started supporting voices against British occupation over its colonies. When the Labour Party came to power in 1945 in Britain it inclined towards internationalism and racial equality, among other liberal principles. Soon after coming into power, Prime Minister Clement Attlee (Labour Party) began the process of granting India its independence in 1947.
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##Question:World War II changed the geo-political balance prevailing in the pre-world era. In this context analyze the impacts of World War II. (150 words/10 marks)##Answer:Approach: Introduction-Write a bried about WWII and parties involved in it Main Body-Write a WWll the major outcomes/impacts Conclusion-give an ending remark based on the overall discussion Answer- World War II, also called Second World War, was a conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939–45. The principal belligerents were the Axis powers—Germany, Italy, and Japan—and the Allies—France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. It was the biggest conflict in history that had lasted almost six years. Nearly 100 million people had been militarised, and 50 million had been killed (around 3% of the world"s population). The aftermath of World War II: impacts of World War II 1. New Superpowers World War II brought about changes in the status of countries and continents. Britain and France lost their positions of preeminence as superpowers and yielded place to the USA and the USSR. 2. Start of Decolonisation After the war, Britain, and France were confronted with various domestic and external problems. Both of them could no longer hold onto their respective colonies Thus, the post-war world witnessed the end of colonialism in Africa and Asia. 3. Birth of UN One of the momentous results of the war was the birth of the United Nations Organisation. Although the League failed to deliver, mankind did not altogether lose its hopes of making the world a safer and happier place to live in. The UN Charter enshrines the hopes and ideals of mankind on the basis of which countries can work together to maintain lasting peace. However, the establishment of the UN was agreed upon, much before the end of World War II under the Atlantic Charter. Start of Cold War After the end of the war, a conference was held in Potsdam, Germany, to set up peace treaties. The countries that fought with Hitler lost territory and had to pay reparations to the Allies. Germany and its capital Berlin were divided into four parts. The zones were to be controlled by Great Britain, the United States, France and the Soviet Union. The three western Allies and the Soviet Union disagreed on many things and as time went on Germany was divided into two separate countries: East Germany, which had a Communist government, and West Germany, which was a democratic state . This laid the foundation of the Cold War. 4.New Economic World Order Bretton Woods Conference, formally United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, meeting at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire (July 1–22, 1944), during World War II to make financial arrangements for the postwar world after the expected defeat of Germany and Japan. It drew up a project for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD-now known as World Bank) to make long-term capital available to states urgently needing such foreign aid, and a project for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to finance short-term imbalances in international payments in order to stabilize exchange rates. Also, the US dollar was established as a reserve currency for the world trade. India and World II World War II had taken an immense toll on the British Empire. Britain had lost a lot of capital and they were looking to their colonies to help them get the status of world power back. However, Mahatma Gandhi at this time organized Indians against the British. Also, World War II broke out to contain Hitler"s intention of having German colonies beyond its borders, the same colonial occupation that Britain had already been practicing for centuries. Thus, after the war, people all over the world started supporting voices against British occupation over its colonies. When the Labour Party came to power in 1945 in Britain it inclined towards internationalism and racial equality, among other liberal principles. Soon after coming into power, Prime Minister Clement Attlee (Labour Party) began the process of granting India its independence in 1947.
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Examine how Truman doctrine was a shift by USA’s in its foreign policy? (200 words)
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##Question:Examine how Truman doctrine was a shift by USA’s in its foreign policy? (200 words)##Answer:,
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What were the aims and objectives of different parties involved in Korean War? Were these objectives achieved? If yes, to what extent? (200 words)
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##Question:What were the aims and objectives of different parties involved in Korean War? Were these objectives achieved? If yes, to what extent? (200 words)##Answer:,
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The Vietnam War extended over various US Presidencies and various polices were adopted over years. Comment on theses policies adopted by various US Presidents along with consequences of these policies? (200 words)
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##Question:The Vietnam War extended over various US Presidencies and various polices were adopted over years. Comment on theses policies adopted by various US Presidents along with consequences of these policies? (200 words)##Answer:,
| 31,673
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Compare the features of the Nagara style and Dravidian style of temple architecture. Explain how Vesara style of temple architecture is a combination of both these styles.200 words (10 marks)
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##Question:Compare the features of the Nagara style and Dravidian style of temple architecture. Explain how Vesara style of temple architecture is a combination of both these styles.200 words (10 marks)##Answer:,
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Discus the stages of evolution of the South Indian style of temple architecture.(10 marks/150 words )
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##Question:Discus the stages of evolution of the South Indian style of temple architecture.(10 marks/150 words )##Answer:,
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Khajaurao group of monuments is a UNESCO World heritage site in India. Elaborate the significant features of this style of temple architecture. (5 marks| 100 words )
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##Question:Khajaurao group of monuments is a UNESCO World heritage site in India. Elaborate the significant features of this style of temple architecture. (5 marks| 100 words )##Answer:,
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मानक समय क्या होता है ,इसकी आवश्यकता की चर्चा कीजिये | क्या आपको लगता है भारत में पूर्वोत्तर राज्यों के लिये अलग मानक समय की जरूरत है अपने मत के पक्ष -विपक्ष में तर्क प्रस्त्तुत कीजिये |
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##Question:मानक समय क्या होता है ,इसकी आवश्यकता की चर्चा कीजिये | क्या आपको लगता है भारत में पूर्वोत्तर राज्यों के लिये अलग मानक समय की जरूरत है अपने मत के पक्ष -विपक्ष में तर्क प्रस्त्तुत कीजिये |##Answer:,
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निम्न पर टिप्पणी कीजिये (5 marks) | (a) अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय तिथि रेखा
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##Question:निम्न पर टिप्पणी कीजिये (5 marks) | (a) अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय तिथि रेखा ##Answer:,
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What were the factors responsible for the Industrialization in Japan? Discuss. (200 words)
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##Question:What were the factors responsible for the Industrialization in Japan? Discuss. (200 words)##Answer:.
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Differentiate between planned economy and market based economy with the help of examples. (150 words)
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##Question:Differentiate between planned economy and market based economy with the help of examples. (150 words)##Answer:,
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Write Short notes on 1. Aluminium based industries 2. Coal based industry
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##Question:Write Short notes on 1. Aluminium based industries 2. Coal based industry ##Answer:,
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Tropical regions, though being rich in biodiversity and biomass don’t have very developed lumbering industry. Discuss the factors responsible for the same.
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##Question:Tropical regions, though being rich in biodiversity and biomass don’t have very developed lumbering industry. Discuss the factors responsible for the same.##Answer:.
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Bring out the characteristics of Mixed and Nomadic types of agriculture
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##Question:Bring out the characteristics of Mixed and Nomadic types of agriculture##Answer:,
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Discuss why lumbering industry is well developed in temperate regions as compared to Tropical regions
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##Question:Discuss why lumbering industry is well developed in temperate regions as compared to Tropical regions##Answer:,
| 31,684
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Goods and Service Tax (GST) is nothing but an ‘old wine in new bottle’. Critically Analyze. (150 words/ 10 marks)
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Approach : Introduce answer by talking about GST in brief. Explain the viewpoint that why it is called as old wine in new bottle. Provide arguments to counter the given statement. Answer : GST is an Indirect Tax which has replaced many Indirect Taxes in India. The Goods and Service Tax Act was passed in the Parliament on 29th March 2017. The Act came into effect on 1st July 2017; Goods & Services Tax Law in India is a comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based tax that is levied on every value addition. Why it is called as old wine in new bottle? Previously the Excise duty was levied at Central level and VAT was levied at state level, both of these taxonomies had their own administration authorities, their own statues governing them, even further the taxpayer was required to maintain separate records for the two of these, file separate return for each, he was not allowed to cross adjust the tax credit between the two and many more. The similar situation is with the GST model. There will be dual tax structure CGST and SGST, both of these will be administered by different tax authorities, the taxpayer will have to file a different return under both, further, he will not be allowed to cross adjust the tax credit between them etc. In totality, there is no benefit to the industry with the implementation of GST except the phasing out of CST. With the implementation of GST, the Government will be benefited only by increasing its tax base and nothing else. This is just like “Old wine in a new Bottle”. How GST is different from the previous tax structure 1. Broad scheme Previously, there were separate laws for the separate levy. For instance, the Central Excise Act, 1944, respective State VAT laws etc. With the GST regime, there will only be one such law, as GST will subsume various indirect taxes. 2. Tax Rates The previous tax regime had separate rates, such as Excise @ 12.36 % and Service Tax @ 14%. With GST, there is only one CGST rate and a uniform rate of SGST across all states. 3. Cascading Effect The credit of CST and various other indirect taxes aren’t allowed in the previous tax structure, whereas under GST the entire concept of CST has been eliminated with the introduction of IGST. 4. The tax burden on Tax Payer Previously the tax burden on tax payer was considerably high. With GST on board, the tax burden has reduced significantly since all taxes are integrated, and the burden is split equitably between manufacturing and services. 5. Cost Burden on Consumers Certain taxes became part of cost due to the presence of cascading effect. But, with the simple mechanism of GST, cost burden has reduced by removing such effect and providing credit. 6. Concurrent Power Pre-GST, there was no such power to both Centre and State on the same subject tax matter. With GST on board, both Centre and State are vested with the concurrent power to make laws with respect to goods and services tax, as proposed in Article 246A of the Constitution. The intra-state trade now comes under the jurisdiction of both centre and state; while inter-state trade and commerce are “exclusively” under central government jurisdiction. 7. Compliance Previously, tax compliance was complicated owing to the multiplicity of laws and their provisions to be followed. With GST, tax compliance would be much easier, as only one law subsuming other taxes would need to be followed. 8. Transparent Tax Administration Previously, the tax was levied at two stages in a broad manner production and consumption, i.e., when the product moves out of the factory. and also at a retail outlet. GST is to be levied only at the final destination of consumption and not at various points. This brings more transparency and corruption-free tax administration. It took 17 years for GST to move from an idea to reality. It is a milestone in India’s reform journey, bringing India closer to one nation one tax regime. Thus it can be concluded that though some provisions in GST need refinement to achieve the ultimate objective of the simplified tax structure, it still is a very significant tax reform and cannot be called an "old wine in a new bottle"
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##Question:Goods and Service Tax (GST) is nothing but an ‘old wine in new bottle’. Critically Analyze. (150 words/ 10 marks)##Answer:Approach : Introduce answer by talking about GST in brief. Explain the viewpoint that why it is called as old wine in new bottle. Provide arguments to counter the given statement. Answer : GST is an Indirect Tax which has replaced many Indirect Taxes in India. The Goods and Service Tax Act was passed in the Parliament on 29th March 2017. The Act came into effect on 1st July 2017; Goods & Services Tax Law in India is a comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based tax that is levied on every value addition. Why it is called as old wine in new bottle? Previously the Excise duty was levied at Central level and VAT was levied at state level, both of these taxonomies had their own administration authorities, their own statues governing them, even further the taxpayer was required to maintain separate records for the two of these, file separate return for each, he was not allowed to cross adjust the tax credit between the two and many more. The similar situation is with the GST model. There will be dual tax structure CGST and SGST, both of these will be administered by different tax authorities, the taxpayer will have to file a different return under both, further, he will not be allowed to cross adjust the tax credit between them etc. In totality, there is no benefit to the industry with the implementation of GST except the phasing out of CST. With the implementation of GST, the Government will be benefited only by increasing its tax base and nothing else. This is just like “Old wine in a new Bottle”. How GST is different from the previous tax structure 1. Broad scheme Previously, there were separate laws for the separate levy. For instance, the Central Excise Act, 1944, respective State VAT laws etc. With the GST regime, there will only be one such law, as GST will subsume various indirect taxes. 2. Tax Rates The previous tax regime had separate rates, such as Excise @ 12.36 % and Service Tax @ 14%. With GST, there is only one CGST rate and a uniform rate of SGST across all states. 3. Cascading Effect The credit of CST and various other indirect taxes aren’t allowed in the previous tax structure, whereas under GST the entire concept of CST has been eliminated with the introduction of IGST. 4. The tax burden on Tax Payer Previously the tax burden on tax payer was considerably high. With GST on board, the tax burden has reduced significantly since all taxes are integrated, and the burden is split equitably between manufacturing and services. 5. Cost Burden on Consumers Certain taxes became part of cost due to the presence of cascading effect. But, with the simple mechanism of GST, cost burden has reduced by removing such effect and providing credit. 6. Concurrent Power Pre-GST, there was no such power to both Centre and State on the same subject tax matter. With GST on board, both Centre and State are vested with the concurrent power to make laws with respect to goods and services tax, as proposed in Article 246A of the Constitution. The intra-state trade now comes under the jurisdiction of both centre and state; while inter-state trade and commerce are “exclusively” under central government jurisdiction. 7. Compliance Previously, tax compliance was complicated owing to the multiplicity of laws and their provisions to be followed. With GST, tax compliance would be much easier, as only one law subsuming other taxes would need to be followed. 8. Transparent Tax Administration Previously, the tax was levied at two stages in a broad manner production and consumption, i.e., when the product moves out of the factory. and also at a retail outlet. GST is to be levied only at the final destination of consumption and not at various points. This brings more transparency and corruption-free tax administration. It took 17 years for GST to move from an idea to reality. It is a milestone in India’s reform journey, bringing India closer to one nation one tax regime. Thus it can be concluded that though some provisions in GST need refinement to achieve the ultimate objective of the simplified tax structure, it still is a very significant tax reform and cannot be called an "old wine in a new bottle"
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What is Specific tax and ad valorem tax? Give examples. (150 words|
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,
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##Question:What is Specific tax and ad valorem tax? Give examples. (150 words|##Answer:,
| 31,688
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Discuss the rationale/benefits behind All India Services. Also, with example, mention how it promotes Cooperative federalism?
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,
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##Question:Discuss the rationale/benefits behind All India Services. Also, with example, mention how it promotes Cooperative federalism?##Answer:,
| 31,690
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What can be rationale behind converting judicial services to All India Judicial Services? Discuss. (200 words)
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,
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##Question:What can be rationale behind converting judicial services to All India Judicial Services? Discuss. (200 words)##Answer:,
| 31,691
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Briefly, with example, bring out the difference between Activism and Adventurism in civil services.
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,
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##Question:Briefly, with example, bring out the difference between Activism and Adventurism in civil services.##Answer:,
| 31,692
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Discuss the causes and consequences of disintegration of USSR. (200 words)
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,
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##Question:Discuss the causes and consequences of disintegration of USSR. (200 words)##Answer:,
| 31,693
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Discuss the major factors of Israel-Palestine Conflict and the role played by Britain.
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,
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##Question:Discuss the major factors of Israel-Palestine Conflict and the role played by Britain.##Answer:,
| 31,694
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Enumerate the factors that led to establishment of EU. Explain the evolution of European Union in detail.
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,
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##Question:Enumerate the factors that led to establishment of EU. Explain the evolution of European Union in detail.##Answer:,
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Write a short note on Suez Canal Crisis. (200 words|10 marks)
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,
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##Question:Write a short note on Suez Canal Crisis. (200 words|10 marks)##Answer:,
| 31,696
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India"s contribution to peacekeeping missions of the United Nations has remained steadfast despite changes in the nature, form, and variety of UN peacekeeping missions. Examine. (10 marks/150 words)
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Approach Give a brief introduction about UN peacekeeping missions. Discuss changes in the nature of these operations and India’s contributions despite changing nature. Briefly mention the arising challenges and their remedy. Answer A. UN peacekeeping is a unique and dynamic instrument to help countries make a transition from conflict to peace. Effective and efficient UN peace operations are essential to building peace and security in failing or failed states. In the past two decades, there have been fundamental changes in nature, form and variety of peace operations such as: Most conflicts in thepost-Cold War world are intra-state or internal in nature, rather than inter-state.For ex- conflict in Somalia, Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Liberia etc. Internal conflicts are more complex due to the involvement of non-state actors such as militias, rebel groups etc. Peacekeeping mandates have become wide-ranging including Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) of warring groups, provision of humanitarian relief, assistance in post-conflict reconstruction, facilitation of elections, training and development of indigenous institutions and forces. Peace operations are no longer exclusively military-led. A multiplicity of actors are involved in modern Peacekeeping Operations – NGOs, humanitarian agencies, police, civilian administrators, electoral and constitutional experts etc. India’s steadfast support to peacekeeping : As one of the founding members of the UN, India’s contribution to the maintenance of international peace and security has been second to none. India provides commanders, armed military contingents, military observers, staff officers, Indian Air Force attack and utility helicopters etc. to many UN missions. India is largest cumulative troop contributor, having provided almost 200,000 troops in nearly 50 UN peacekeeping missions over past six decades. India’s participation in peacekeeping is influenced by a number of factors such as our national interests, principles of peacekeeping, bilateral relations, regional equations, public perception in host country,domestic national sentiment, viability of mission, potential for professional enrichment and exposure to our armed forces, operational issues like command and control, and the risk factor. However, concerns have been raised about India’s peacekeeping missions: Recently special investigation by UN observed that 2200 Indian troops stationed in South Sudan suffer from lack of quality protective equipment owing to the faulty procurement process. Shortage of support both in terms of troops and money. Not being a permanent member of UNSC, India does not have a say in making decisions on peacekeeping. India faces security shortages to meet internal threats. There is a growing sentiment as to why India should contribute to the UN when we have our own problems. These concerns need redressal through greater national and international budgetary support, streamlining the procurement process, better training to deal with stress and isolation, switching of troops regularly etc. Also, it must be acknowledged that India’s contribution to peacekeeping missions is not just an ideological compulsion but in the interest of India’s strategic interests and global presence. Hence, India’s commitment to UN peacekeeping must continue waveringly and resolutely.
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##Question:India"s contribution to peacekeeping missions of the United Nations has remained steadfast despite changes in the nature, form, and variety of UN peacekeeping missions. Examine. (10 marks/150 words)##Answer:Approach Give a brief introduction about UN peacekeeping missions. Discuss changes in the nature of these operations and India’s contributions despite changing nature. Briefly mention the arising challenges and their remedy. Answer A. UN peacekeeping is a unique and dynamic instrument to help countries make a transition from conflict to peace. Effective and efficient UN peace operations are essential to building peace and security in failing or failed states. In the past two decades, there have been fundamental changes in nature, form and variety of peace operations such as: Most conflicts in thepost-Cold War world are intra-state or internal in nature, rather than inter-state.For ex- conflict in Somalia, Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Liberia etc. Internal conflicts are more complex due to the involvement of non-state actors such as militias, rebel groups etc. Peacekeeping mandates have become wide-ranging including Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) of warring groups, provision of humanitarian relief, assistance in post-conflict reconstruction, facilitation of elections, training and development of indigenous institutions and forces. Peace operations are no longer exclusively military-led. A multiplicity of actors are involved in modern Peacekeeping Operations – NGOs, humanitarian agencies, police, civilian administrators, electoral and constitutional experts etc. India’s steadfast support to peacekeeping : As one of the founding members of the UN, India’s contribution to the maintenance of international peace and security has been second to none. India provides commanders, armed military contingents, military observers, staff officers, Indian Air Force attack and utility helicopters etc. to many UN missions. India is largest cumulative troop contributor, having provided almost 200,000 troops in nearly 50 UN peacekeeping missions over past six decades. India’s participation in peacekeeping is influenced by a number of factors such as our national interests, principles of peacekeeping, bilateral relations, regional equations, public perception in host country,domestic national sentiment, viability of mission, potential for professional enrichment and exposure to our armed forces, operational issues like command and control, and the risk factor. However, concerns have been raised about India’s peacekeeping missions: Recently special investigation by UN observed that 2200 Indian troops stationed in South Sudan suffer from lack of quality protective equipment owing to the faulty procurement process. Shortage of support both in terms of troops and money. Not being a permanent member of UNSC, India does not have a say in making decisions on peacekeeping. India faces security shortages to meet internal threats. There is a growing sentiment as to why India should contribute to the UN when we have our own problems. These concerns need redressal through greater national and international budgetary support, streamlining the procurement process, better training to deal with stress and isolation, switching of troops regularly etc. Also, it must be acknowledged that India’s contribution to peacekeeping missions is not just an ideological compulsion but in the interest of India’s strategic interests and global presence. Hence, India’s commitment to UN peacekeeping must continue waveringly and resolutely.
| 31,697
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Write Short notes on: a) Principal Organs of United Nations b) Important funds and programmes under UN c) Permanent Court of Arbitration d) Comparison between IMF and WB e) Washington Consensus
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##Question:Write Short notes on: a) Principal Organs of United Nations b) Important funds and programmes under UN c) Permanent Court of Arbitration d) Comparison between IMF and WB e) Washington Consensus##Answer:,
| 31,698
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India has a strong case for permanent membership in United Nations Security Council, but at the same time some impediments remains. Discuss.
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,,
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##Question:India has a strong case for permanent membership in United Nations Security Council, but at the same time some impediments remains. Discuss.##Answer:,,
| 31,699
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