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Mantras on the sacrificial fire. Capable of cleansing one from every sin, she has descended from the celestial region, and her
current is held in high esteem by every one. Ganga is the daughter of Himavat, the spouse of Hara, and the ornament of both
Heaven and Earth. She is the bestower of everything auspicious, and is competent to confer the six well-known attributes
beginning with lordship or puissance. Verily O king, Ganga is the one object of great sanctity in the three worlds and confers
merit upon all. Truly, O monarch, Ganga is Righteousness in liquefied form. She is energy also running in a liquid form over
the Earth. She is endued with the splendour or puissance that belongs to the butter that is poured with Mantras on the sacrificial
fire. She is always adorned with large waves as also with Brahmanas who may at all times be seen performing their ablutions
in her waters. Falling from Heaven, she was held by Siva on his head. The very mother of the heavens, she has sprung from the
highest mountain for running over the plains and conferring the most precious benefits on all creatures of the Earth. She is the
highest cause of all things; she is perfectly stainless. She is as subtile as Brahma. She affords the best bed for the dying. She
leads creatures very quickly to heaven. She bears away a large volume of water. She bestows great fame on all. She is the
protectress of the universe.[245] She is identical with every form. She is very much coveted by persons crowned with success.
Verily, Ganga is the path to Heaven of those that have bathed in her current.[246] The Brahmanas hold Ganga as equalling the
Earth in forgiveness, and in the protection and upholding of those that live by her; further, as equalling Fire and Surya in
energy and splendour; and, lastly, as always equalling Guha himself in the matter of showing favours unto the regenerate
class.[247] Those men who, in this life, even mentally seek with their whole souls that sacred stream which is praised by the
Rishis, which has issued out of the feet of Vishnu, which is very ancient, and which is exceedingly sacred, succeed in repairing
to the regions of Brahman. Fully convinced that children and other possessions, as also regions possessed by every kind of
felicity, are transitory or liable to destruction, men of subdued souls, who are desirous of attaining to that everlasting station
which is identical with Brahma, always pay their adorations to Ganga with that reverence and love which are due from a son to
mother. The men of cleansed soul who is desirous of achieving success should seek the protection of Ganga who is like a cow
that yields Amrita instead of ordinary milk, who is prosperity's self, who is possessed of omniscience, who exists for the entire
universe of creatures, who is the source of all kinds of food, who is the mother of all mountains, who is the refuge of all
righteous persons, who is immeasurable in puissance and energy, and who charms the heart of Brahma himself. Having, with
austere penances, gratified all the deities with the Supreme Lord (Vishnu), Bhagiratha brought Ganga down on the Earth.
Repairing unto her, men always succeed in freeing themselves from every kind of fear both here and hereafter. Observing with
the aid of intelligence, I have mentioned to thee only a small part of the merits of Ganga. My power, however, is inadequate to
speak of all the merits of the sacred river, or, indeed, to measure her puissance and sanctity. One may, by putting forth one's
best powers, count the stones that occur in the mountains of Meru or measure the waters that occur in the ocean, but one cannot
count all the merits which belong to the waters of Ganga. Hence, having listened to these particular merits of Ganga which I
have uttered with great devotion, one should, in thought, word and deed, reverence them with faith and devotion. In
consequence of thy having listened to those merits which I have recited, thou art sure to fill all the three regions with fame and
attain to a measure of success that is very large and that is difficult of being attained to by any other person. Verily, thou shalt,
soon after that, sport in joy many a region of great felicity created by Ganga herself for those that reverence her. Ganga always
extends her grace unto those that are devoted to her with humbleness of heart. She unites those that are so devoted to her with
every kind of happiness. I pray that the highly-blessed Ganga may always inspire thy heart and mine with such attributes as are
fraught with righteousness'.
"Bhishma continued, 'The learned ascetic endued with high intelligence and great illumination, and crowned with success,
having in this manner discoursed unto that poor Brahmana in the observance of the Sila vow, on the subjects of the infinite
merits of Ganga, then ascended the firmament. The Brahmana in the observance of Sila vow, awakened by the words of that
ascetic crowned with success, duly worshipped Ganga and attained to high success. Do thou also, O son of Kunti, seek Ganga
with great devotion, for thou shalt then, as the reward thereof, attain to high and excellent success.
"Vaisampayana continued 'Hearing this discourse from Bhishma that was fraught with the praise of Ganga, Yudhishthira with
his brothers became filled with great delight. That person who recites or hears recited this sacred discourse fraught with the
praise of Ganga, becomes cleansed of every sin.'"
SECTION XXVII
"Yudhishthira said, 'Thou O grandsire, art endued with wisdom and knowledge of the scriptures, with conduct and behaviour,
with diverse kinds of excellent attributes, and also with years. Thou art distinguished above others by intelligence and wisdom
and penances. I shall, therefore, O thou that art the foremost of all righteous men, desire to address enquiries to thee respecting
Righteousness. There is not another man, O king, in all the worlds, who is worthier of being questioned on such subjects. O
best of kings, how may one, if he happens to be a Kshatriya or a Vaisya or a Sudra, succeed in acquiring the status of a
Brahmana? It behoveth thee to tell me the means. Is it by penances the most austere, or by religious acts, or by knowledge of
the scriptures, that a person belonging to any of the three inferior orders succeeds in acquiring the status of a Brahmana? Do
tell me this, O grandsire!'
"Bhishma said, 'The status of a Brahmana, O Yudhishthira, is incapable of acquisition by a person belonging to any of the three
other orders. That status is the highest with respect to all creatures. Travelling through innumerable orders of existence, by
undergoing repeated births, one at last, in some birth, becomes born as a Brahmana. In this connection is cited an old history, O
Yudhishthira, of a conversation between Matanga and a she-ass. Once on a time a Brahmana obtained a son who, though
procreated by a person belonging to a different order, had, however, the rites of infancy and youth performed in pursuance of
the ordinances laid down for Brahmanas. The child was called by the name of Matanga and was possessed of every
accomplishment. His father, desiring to perform a sacrifice, ordered him, O scorcher of foes, to collect the articles required for
the act. Having received the command of his father, he set out for the purpose, riding on a car of great speed, drawn by an ass.
It so happened that the ass yoked unto that car was of tender years. Instead therefore, of obeying the reins, the animal bore
away the car to the vicinity of its dam, viz., the she-ass that had brought it forth. Matanga, dissatisfied with this, began to strike
repeatedly the animal with his goad on its nose. Beholding those marks of violence on her child's nose, the she-ass, full of
affection for him, said--Do not grieve, O child, for his treatment. A chandala it is that is driving thee. There is no severity in a
Brahmana. The Brahmana is said to be the friend of all creatures. He is the teacher also of all creatures and their ruler. Can he
chastise any creature so cruelly? This fellow, however, is of sinful deeds. He hath no compassion to show unto even a creature
of such tender years as thou. He is simply proving the order of his birth by conducting himself in this way. The nature which he
hath derived from his sire forbids the rise of those sentiments of pity and kindness that are natural to the Brahmana. Hearing
these harsh words of the she-ass, Matanga quickly, came down from the car and addressing the she-ass, said,--Tell me, O
blessed dame, by what fault is my mother stained? How dost thou know that I am a Chandala? Do thou answer me without
delay. How, indeed, dost thou know that I am a Chandala? How has my status as a Brahmana been lost? O thou of great
wisdom, tell me all this in detail, from beginning to end.'
"The she-ass said, Begotten thou wert, upon a Brahmana woman excited with desire, by a Sudra following the profession of a
barber. Thou art, therefore, a Chandala by birth. The status of Brahmana thou hast not at all.'
"Brahmana continued, 'Thus addressed by the she-ass, Matanga retraced his way homewards. Seeing him return, his father
said,--I had employed thee in the difficult task of gathering the requisites of my intended sacrifice. Why hast thou come back
without having accomplished thy charge? Is it the case that all is not right with thee?
"Matanga said, 'How can he who belongs to no definite order of birth, or to an order that is very low be regarded as all right
and happy? How, O father, can that person be happy whose mother is stained? O father, this she-ass, who seems to be more
than a human being, tells me that I have been begotten upon a Brahmani woman by a Sudra. I shall, for this reason, undergo the
severest penances.--Having said these words to his father, and firmly resolved upon what he had said he proceeded to the great
forest and began to undergo the austerest of penances. Setting himself to the performance of those penances for the purpose of
happily acquiring the status of a Brahmana, Matanga began to scorch the very deities by the severity of his asceticism. Unto
him thus engaged in penances, the chief of the celestials, viz., Indra, appeared and said,--Why, O Matanga, dost thou pass thy
time in such grief, abstaining from all kinds of human enjoyments? I shall give thee boons. Do thou name the boons thou
desirest. Do not delay, but tell me what is in thy breast. Even if that be unattainable, I shall yet bestow it on thee.'
"Matanga said, 'Desirous of attaining to the status of Brahmana I have begun to practise these penances. After having obtained
it, I shall go home. Even this is the boon solicited by me.'