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"Yudhishthira said, 'What men, O chief of Bharata's race, are worthy of reverent homage in the three worlds? Tell me this in
detail verily. I am never satiated with hearing thee discourse on these topics.'
"Bhishma said, 'In this connection is cited the old narrative of the discourse between Narada and Vasudeva. Beholding Narada
on one occasion worshipping many foremost of Brahmanas with joined hands, Kesava addressed him saying, Whom dost thou
worship? Whom amongst these Brahmanas, O holy one dost thou worship with so great reverence? If it is a matter that I can
heard of, I then wish to hear it. Do, O foremost of righteous men, tell me this!'[251]
"Narada said, 'Hear, O Govinda, as to who those are whom I am worshipping, O grinder of foes. Who else is there in this world
that so much deserves to hear this? I worship the Brahmanas, O puissant one, who constantly worship Varuna and Vayu and
Aditya and Parjanya and the deity of Fire, and Sthanu and Skanda and Lakshmi and Vishnu and the Brahmanas, and the lord of
speech, and Chandramas, and the Waters and Earth and the goddess Saraswati. O tiger of Vrishni's race, I always worship those
Brahmanas that are endued with penances, that are conversant with the Vedas, that are always devoted to Vedic study, and that
are possessed of high worth. O puissant one, I bow down my head unto those persons who are freed from boastfulness, who
discharge, with an empty stomach, the rites in honour of the deities, who are always contented with what they have and who
are endued with forgiveness. I worship them, O Yadava, that are performers of sacrifices, that are of a forgiving disposition,
and self restrained, that are masters of their own senses, that worship truth and righteousness, and that give away land and kine
unto good Brahmanas.[252] I bow unto them, O Yadava, that are devoted to the observance of penances, that dwell in forests,
that subsist upon fruits and roots, that never store anything for the morrow, and that are observant of all the acts and rites laid
down in the scriptures. I bow unto them, O Yadava, that feed and cherish their servants, that are always hospitable to guests,
and that eat only the remnants of what is offered to the deities. I worship them that have become irresistible by studying the
Vedas, that are eloquent in discoursing on the scriptures, that are observant of the vow of Brahmacharyya, and that are always
devoted to the duties of officiating at the sacrifices of others and of teaching disciples. I worship them that are endued with
compassion towards all creatures, and that study the Vedas till noon (i.e. till their backs are heated by the sun). I bow unto
them, O Yadava, that strive to obtain the grace of their preceptors, that labour in the acquisition of their Vedas, that are firm in
the observance of vows, that wait, with dutiful obedience, upon their preceptors and seniors, and that are free from malice and
envy. I bow unto them, O Yadava, that are observant of excellent vows, that practice taciturnity, that have knowledge of
Brahman, that are firm in truth, that are givers of libations of clarified butter and oblations of meat. I bow to them, O Yadava,
that subsist upon eleemosynary alms, that are emaciated for want of adequate food and drink, that have lived in the abodes of
their preceptors, that are averse to and destitute of all enjoyments, and that are poor in the goods of this Earth. I bow unto them,
O Yadava, that have no affection for things of this Earth, that have no quarrels to wage with others, that do not clothe
themselves, that have no wants, that have become irresistible through the acquisition of the Vedas, that are eloquent in the
exposition of righteousness, and that are utterers of Brahma, I bow unto them that are devoted to the practice of the duty of
compassion towards all creatures, that are firm in the observance of truth, that are self-restrained, and that are peaceful in their
behaviour. I bow unto them, O Yadava, that are devoted to the worship of deities and guests, that are observant of the domestic
mode of life, and that follow the practice of pigeons in the matter of their subsistence.[253] I always bow unto those persons
whose aggregate of three exists, without being weakened, in all their acts, and who are observant of truth and righteous
behaviour,[254] I bow unto them, O Kesava, that are conversant with Brahma, that are endued with knowledge of the Vedas,
that are attentive to the aggregate of three, that are free from cupidity, and that are righteous in their behaviour. I bow unto
them, O Madhava, that subsist upon water only, or upon air alone, or upon the remnants of the food that is offered to deities
and guests, and that are observant of diverse kinds of excellent vows. I always worship them that have no spouses (in
consequence of the vow of celibacy they observe), that have spouses and the domestic fire (in consequence of the domestic
mode of life they lead), that are the refuge of the Vedas, and that are the refuge of all creatures in the universe (in consequence
of the compassion they feel towards them). I always bow unto those Rishis, O Krishna, that are the creators of the universe,
that are the elders of the universe, that are the eldest members of the race or the family, that are dispellers of the darkness of
ignorance, and that are the best of all persons in the universe (for righteousness of behaviour and knowledge of the scriptures).
For these reasons, do thou also, O scion of Vrishni's race, worship every day those regenerate persons of whom I speak.
Deserving as they are of reverent worship, they will when worshipped, confer happiness on thee, O sinless one. Those persons
of whom I speak are always givers of happiness in this world as well as in the next. Reverenced by all, they move about in this
world, and if worshipped by thee are sure to grant thee happiness. They who are hospitable to all persons that come unto them
as guests, and who are always devoted to Brahmanas and kine, as also to truth (in speech and behaviour), succeed in crossing
all calamities and obstacles. They who are always devoted to peacefulness of behaviour, as also they who are freed from malice
and envy, and they who are always attentive to the study of the Vedas, succeed in crossing all calamities and obstacles. They
who bow unto all the deities (without showing a preference for any and thereby proving their tolerance), they who betake
themselves to one Veda as their refuge, they who are possessed of faith and are self-restrained, succeed in crossing all
calamities and obstacles. They who worship the foremost of Brahmanas with reverence and are firm in the observance of
excellent vows and practise the virtue of charity, succeed in crossing all calamities and obstacles. They who are engaged in the
practice of penances, they who are always observant of the vow of celibacy, and they whose souls have been cleansed by
penances, succeed in crossing all calamities and obstacles. They who are devoted to the worship of the deities and guests and
dependants, as also of the Pitris, and they who eat the remnant of the food that is offered to deities, Pitris, guests and
dependants, succeed in crossing all calamities and obstacles. They who, having ignited the domestic fire, duly keep it burning
and worship it with reverence and they who have duly poured libations (to the deities) in Soma-sacrifices, succeed in crossing
all calamities and obstacles. They who behave as they should towards their mothers and fathers and preceptors and other
seniors even as thou, O tiger among the Vrishnis, dost behave, succeed in crossing all calamities and obstacles--Having said
these words, the celestial Rishi ceased speaking.'
"Bhishma continued. 'For these reasons, do thou also, O son of Kunti, always worship with reverence the deities, the Pitris, the
Brahmanas, and guests arrived at thy mansion and as the consequence of such conduct thou art sure to attain to a desirable
end!'"
SECTION XXXII
"Yudhishthira said,--'O grandsire, O thou of great wisdom, O thou that art conversant with all branches of knowledge, I desire
to hear thee discourse on topics connected with duty and Righteousness. Tell me truly, O chief of Bharata's race, what the
merits are of those persons that grant protection to living creatures of the four orders when these pray for protection.'
"Bhishma said, 'O Dharma's son of great wisdom and widespread fame, listen to this old history touching the great merit of
granting protection to others when protection is humbly sought. Once on a time, a beautiful pigeon, pursued by a hawk,
dropped down from the skies and sought the protection of the highly-blessed king Vrishadarbha. The pure-souled monarch,
beholding the pigeon take refuge in his lap from fear, comforted him, saying, Be comforted, O bird; do not fear, Whence hast
thou taken such great fright? What hast thou done and where hast thou done it in consequence of which thou hast lost thy
senses in fear and art more dead than alive? Thy colour, beautiful bird, is such as to resemble that which adorns a fresh-blown
lotus of the blue variety. Thy eyes are of the hue of the pomegranate or the Asoka flower. Do not fear. I bid thee, be comforted.
When thou hast sought refuge with me, know that no one will have the courage to even think of seizing thee,--thee that hast
such a protector to take care of thy person. I shall for thy sake, give up today the very kingdom of the Kasi and, if need be, my
lice too. Be comforted, therefore, and let no fear be thine, O pigeon.'
"The hawk said, 'This bird has been ordained to be my food. It behoves thee not, O king, to protect him from me. I have
outcoursed this bird and have got him. Verily, with great effort have I got at him at last. His flesh and blood and marrow and
fat will be of great good to me. This bird will be the means of gratifying me greatly. Do not, O king, place thyself between him
and me in this way. Fierce is the thirst that is afflicting me, and hunger is gnawing my bowels. Release the bird and cast him
off. I am unable to bear the pains of hunger any longer. I pursued him as my prey. Behold, his body is bruised and torn by me
with my wings and talons. Look, his breath has become very weak. It behoves thee not, O king, to protect him from me. In the
exercise of that power which properly belongs to thee, thou art, indeed competent to interfere in protecting human beings when
they are sought to be destroyed by human beings. Thou canst not, however, be admitted to have any power over a sky-ranging
bird afflicted with thirst. Thy power may extend over thy enemies, thy servants, thy relatives, the disputes that take place
between thy subjects. Indeed, it may extend over every part of thy dominions and over also thy own senses. Thy power,
however, does not extend over the welkin. Displaying thy prowess over such foes as act against thy wishes, thou mayst
establish thy rule over them. Thy rule, however, does not extend over the birds that range the sky. Indeed, if thou hast been