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day, one happens to have a son. The man of wisdom should in the matter of congress, attend to this rule (about odd and even
days). Kinsmen and relatives by marriage and friends should all be treated with respect. One should, according to the best of
one's power, adore the deities in sacrifices, giving away diverse kinds of articles as sacrificial Dakshina. After the period
ordained for the domestic mode of life has been passed, one should, O king, enter the life of a forest recluse. I have thus told
thee all the indications, in brief, of persons who succeed in living long.[484] What remains untold by me should be heard by
thee from the mouths of persons well-versed in the three Vedas, O Yudhishthira. Thou shouldst know that conduct is the root
of prosperity. Conduct is the enhancer of fame. It is conduct that prolongs life. It is conduct that destroys all calamities and
evils. Conduct has been said to be superior to all the branches of knowledge. It is conduct that begets righteousness, and it is
righteousness that prolongs life. Conduct is productive of fame, of long life, and of heaven. Conduct is the most efficacious rite
of propitiating the deities (for bringing about auspiciousness of every kind). The Self-born Brahman himself has said that one
should show compassion unto all orders of men.'"[485]
SECTION CV
"Yudhishthira said, 'Tell me, O chief of Bharata's race, how the eldest brother should behave towards his younger brothers and
how the younger brothers should behave towards their eldest brother.'
"Bhishma said, 'Do thou, O son, always behave towards thy younger brothers as their eldest brother should. Thou art always
the eldest of all these thy brothers. That high conduct which the preceptor should always adopt towards his disciples should be
adopted by thee towards thy younger brothers. If the preceptor happens to be unendued with wisdom, the disciple cannot
possibly behave towards him in a respectful or proper way. If the preceptor happens to be possessed of purity and highness of
conduct, the disciple also succeeds in attaining to conduct of the same kind, O Bharata. The eldest brother should at times be
blind to the acts of his younger brothers, and though possessed of wisdom should at times act as if he does not understand their
acts. If the younger brothers be guilty of any transgression, the eldest brother should correct them by indirect ways and means.
If there be good understanding among brothers and if the eldest brother seek to correct his younger brothers by direct or
ostensible means, persons that are enemies, O son of Kunti, that are afflicted with sorrow at the sight of such good
understanding and who, therefore, always seek to bring about a disunion, set themselves to disunite the brothers and cause
dissension among them. It is the eldest brother that enhances the prosperity of the family or destroys it entirely. If the eldest
brother happens to be unendued with sense and wicked in behaviour, he brings about the destruction of the whole family. The
eldest brother who injures his younger brothers ceases to be regarded as the eldest and forfeits his share in the family property
and deserves to be checked by the king. That man who acts deceitfully, has, without doubt, to go to regions of grief and every
kind of evil. The birth of such a person serves no useful purpose even as the flowers of the cane.[486] That family in which a
sinful person takes birth becomes subject to every evil. Such a person brings about infamy, and all the good acts of the family
disappear. Such among the brothers as are wedded to evil acts forfeit their shares of the family property. In such a case; the
eldest brother may appropriate the whole Yautuka property without giving any portion thereof to his younger brothers. If the
eldest brother makes any acquisition, without using the paternal property and by going to a distant place he may appropriate for
his own use, such acquisitions, without giving any share thereof to his younger brothers. If unseparated brothers desire (during
the lifetime of their father) to portion the family property, the father should give equal shares unto all his sons. If the eldest
brother happens to be of sinful acts and undistinguished by accomplishments of any kind he may be disregarded by his younger
brothers. If the wife or the younger brother happens to be sinful, her or his good must still be looked after. Persons conversant
with the efficacy of righteousness say that righteousness is the highest good. The Upadhyaya is superior to even ten Acharyas.
The sire is equal to ten Upadhyayas. The mother is equal to ten sires or even the whole earth. There is no senior equal to the
mother Verily, she transcends all in respect of the reverence due to her.[487] It is for this reason that people regard the mother
to deserve so much reverence. After the father has ceased to breathe, O Bharata, the eldest brother should be regarded as the
father. It is the eldest brother who should assign unto them their means of support and protect and cherish them. All the
younger brothers should bow to him and obey his authority. Indeed, they should live in dependence upon him even as they did
upon their father while he was alive. So far as the body is concerned, O Bharata, it is the father and the mother that create it.
That birth, however, which the Acharya ordains, is regarded as the true birth, that is, besides, really unfading and immortal.
The eldest sister, O chief of Bharata's race, is like unto the mother The wife of the eldest brother also is like unto the mother,
for the younger brother, in infancy, receives, suck from her.'"[488]
SECTION CVI
"Yudhishthira said, 'The disposition is seen, O grandsire, in all the orders of men, including the very Mlechchhas, of observing
fasts. The reason, however, of this is not known to us. It has been heard by us that only Brahmanas and Kshatriyas should
observe the vow of fasts. How, O grandsire, are the other orders to be taken as earning any merit by the observance of fasts?
How have vows and fasts come to be observed by persons of all orders, O king? What is that end to which one devoted to the
observance of fasts attains? It has been said that fasts are highly meritorious and that fasts are a great refuge. O prince of men,
what is the fruit that is earned in this world by the man that observe fasts? By what means is one cleansed of one's sins? By
what means doth one acquire righteousness? By what means, O best of the Bharatas, doth one succeed in acquiring heaven and
merit? After having observed a fast, what should one give away, O king? O, tell me, what those duties are by which one may
succeed in obtaining such objects as lead to happiness?'
"Vaisampayana continued, 'Unto Kunti's son by the deity of Dharma, who was conversant with every duty and who said so
unto him, Santanu's son, Bhishma, who was acquainted with every duty, answered in the following words.'
"Bhishma, said, 'In former days, O king, I heard of these high merits, O chief of Bharata's race, as attaching to the observance
of fasts according to the ordinance, I had, O Bharata, asked the Rishi Angiras of high ascetic merit, the very same questions
which thou hast asked me today. Questioned by me thus, the illustrious Rishi, who sprang from the sacrificial fire, answered
me even thus in respect of the observance of fasts according to the ordinance.'
"Angiras said, 'As regards Brahmanas and Kshatriyas, fasts for three nights at a stretch are ordained for them, O delighter of
the Kurus. Indeed, O chief of men, a fast for one night, for two nights, and for three nights, may be observed by them. (They
should never go beyond three nights). As regards Vaisyas and Sudras, the duration of fasts prescribed for them is a single night.
If, from folly, they observe fasts for two or three nights, such fasts never lead to their advancement. Indeed, for Vaisyas and
Sudras, fasts for two nights have been ordained (on certain special occasions). Fasts for three nights, however, have not been
laid down for them by persons conversant with and observant of duties. That man of wisdom who, with his senses and soul
under control, O Bharata, fasts, by abstaining from one of the two meals, on the fifth and the sixth days of the moon as also on
the day of the full moon, becomes endured with forgiveness and beauty of person and conversance with the scriptures. Such a
person never becomes childless and poor. He who performs sacrifices for adoring the deities on the fifth and sixth days of the
moon, transcends all the members of his family and succeeds in feeding a large number of Brahmanas. He who observes fasts
on the eighth and the fourteenth days of the dark fortnight, becomes freed from maladies of every kind and possessed of great
energy. The man who abstains from one meal every day throughout the month called Margasirsha, should, with reverence and
devotion, feed a number of Brahmanas. By so doing he becomes freed from all his sins. Such a man becomes endued with
prosperity, and all kinds of grain become his. He becomes endued with energy. In fact, such a person reaps an abundance of
harvest from his fields, acquires great wealth and much corn. That man, O son of Kunti, who passes the whole month of
Pausha, abstaining every day from one of two meals, becomes endued with good fortune and agreeable features and great fame.
He who passes the whole month of Magha, abstaining every day from one of the two meals, takes birth in a high family and
attains to a position of eminence among his kinsmen. He who passes the whole month of Bhagadaivata, confining himself
every day to only one meal becomes a favourite with women who, indeed, readily own his sway. He who passes the whole of
the month of Chaitra, confining himself every day to one meal, takes birth in a high family and becomes rich in gold, gems,
and pearls. The person, whether male or female, who passes the month of Vaisakha, confining himself or herself every day to
one meal, and keeping his or her senses under control, succeeds in attaining to a position of eminence among kinsmen. The
person who passes the month of Jyaishtha confining himself every day to one meal a day, succeeds in attaining to a position of
eminence and great wealth. If a woman, she reaps the same reward. He who passes the month of Ashadha confining himself to
one meal a day and with senses steadily concentrated upon his duties, becomes possessed of much corn, great wealth, and a
large progeny. He who passes the month of Sravana, confining himself to one meal a day, receives the honours of Abhisheka
wherever he may happen to reside, and attains to a position of eminence among kinsmen whom he supports. That man who
confines himself to only one meal a day for the whole month of Proshthapada, becomes endued with great wealth and attains,
to swelling and durable affluence. The man who passes the month of Aswin, confining himself to one meal a day, becomes