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never wear sandals or clothes that have been worn by another. One should always observe the vow of Brahmacharya, and
should never cross one's legs. One should observe the vow of Brahmacharya on the day of the new moon, as also on that of the
full moon, as also on the eighth lunar day of both fortnights. One should never eat the flesh of animals not slain in sacrifice.
One should never eat the flesh of the back of an animal. One should avoid censuring and calumniating others, as also all kinds
of deceitful behaviour.[461] One should never pierce others with wordy shafts. Indeed, one should never utter any cruel
speech. One should never accept a gift from a person that is low and vulgar. One should never jitter such words as trouble other
people or as are inauspicious or are as' sinful. Wordy shafts fall from the mouth. Pierced therewith, the victim grieves day and
night. The man of wisdom should never shot them for piercing the vitals of other people. A forest, pierced with shafts or cut
down with the axe, grows again. The man, however, that is pierced with words unwisely spoken, becomes the victim of
wounds that fester and lead to death.[462] Barbed arrows and Nalikas and broadheaded shafts are capable of being extracted
from the body. Wordy shafts, however, are incapable of being extracted, for they lie embedded in the very heart. One should
not taunt a person that is defective of a limb or that has a limb in excess, or one that is destitute of learning, or one that is
miserable, or one that is ugly or poor, or one that is destitute of strength. One should avoid atheism, calumniating the Vedas,
censuring the deities, malice, pride, arrogance, and harshness. One should not, in wrath, take up the rod of chastisement for
laying it upon another. Only the son or the pupil, it has been said, can be mildly chastised for purposes of instruction. One
should not speak ill of Brahmanas; nor should he point at the stars with one's fingers. If asked, one should not say what the
lunation is on a particular day. By telling it, one's life becomes shortened. Having answered calls of nature or having walked
over a road, one should wash one's feet. One should also wash one's feet before sitting to recite the Vedas or to eat any food.
These are the three things which are regarded as pure and sacred by the deities and as such fit for the Brahmana's use, viz., that
whose impurity is unknown, that which has been washed in water, and that which has been well-spoken of. Samyava, Krisara,
meat, Sashakuli and Payasa should never be cooked for one's own self. Whenever cooked, these should be offered to the
deities.[463] One should attend every day to one's fire. One should every day give alms. One should, restraining speech the
while, clean one's teeth with the tooth-stick. One should never be in bed when the sun is up. If one fails any day to be up with
the sun, one should then perform an expiation. Rising from bed, one should first salute one's parents, and preceptors, or other
seniors deserving of respect. By so doing one attains to long life. The tooth-stick should be cast off when done with, and a new
one should be used every day. One should eat only such food as is not forbidden in the scriptures, abstaining from food of
every kind on days of the new moon and the full moon. One should, with senses restrained, answer calls of nature, facing the
north. One should not worship the deities without having first washed one's teeth, Without also worshipping the deities first,
one should never repair to any person save one's preceptor or one that is old in years or one that is righteous or one that is
possessed of wisdom. They that are wise should never see themselves in an unpolished or dirty mirror. One should never have
sexual congress with a woman that is unknown or with one that is quick with child. One should never sleep with head turned
towards the north or the west. One should not lie down upon a bed-stead that is broken or rickety. One should not sleep on a
bed without having examined it first with the aid of a light. Nor should one sleep on a bed with another (such as wife) by one's
side. One should never sleep in a transverse direction. One should never make a compact with atheists or do anything in
conjunction with them.[464] One should never drag a seat with the foot and sit on it. One should never bathe in a state of
nudity, nor at night. One possessed of intelligence should never suffer one's limbs to be rubbed or pressed after bathing. One
should never smear unguents upon one's body without having first taken bath. Having bathed, one should never wave one's
cloth in the air (for drying it). One should not always wear wet clothes. One should never take off one's body the garlands of
flowers one may wear. Nor should one wear such garlands over one's outer garments. One should never even talk with a
woman during the period of her functional change. One should not answer a call of nature on a field (where crops are grown)
or at a place too near an inhabited village. One should never answer a call of nature on a water. One should first wash one's
mouth thrice with water before eating any food. Having finished one's meals, one should wash one's mouth thrice with water
and twice again. One should eat, with face turned eastwards, one's food, restraining speech the while and without censuring the
food that is eaten. One should always leave a remnant of the food that is placed before one for eating. Having finished one's
meals, one should mentally touch fire. If one eats with face turned eastwards, one becomes endued with longevity. By eating
with face turned southwards, one acquires great fame. By eating with face turned westwards, one acquires great wealth. By
eating with face turned northwards, one becomes truthful in speech. Having finished one's meals one should wash all the upper
holes of one's body with water.[465] Similarly, all the limbs, the navel, and the palms of the hands should be washed with
water. One should never seat oneself upon husk of corn, or upon hair, or upon ashes, or upon bones. One should, on no
account, use the water that has been used by another for bathing. One should always perform the Homa for propitiating the
deities, and recite the Savitri Mantra. One should always eat in a seated posture. One should never eat while walking. One
should never answer a call of nature in a standing posture. One should never answer a call of nature on ashes or in a cow-pen.
One should wash one's feet before sitting to one's meals. One should never sit or lie down for sleep with wet feet. One who sits
to one's meals after having washed one's feet, lives for a hundred years. One should never touch these three things of great
energy, while one is in an impure state, viz., fire, a cow, and a Brahmana. By observing this rule, one acquires longevity. One
should not, while one is in an impure state, cast one's eyes on these three things of great energy, viz., the sun, the moon, and the
stars. The life-breaths of a young man go upwards when an old and venerable person comes to his abode. He gets them back by
standing up and properly saluting the guest. Old men should always be saluted. One should, upon seeing them, offer seats with
one's own hand. After the old man has taken his seat, one should seat oneself and remain with hands joined in reverence. When
an old man goes along the road, one should always follow him instead of walking ahead. One should never sit on a torn or
broken seat. One should, without using it any longer, cast away a broken vessel of white brass. One should never eat without a
piece of upper garment wrapping one's body. One should never bathe in a state of nudity. One should never sleep in a state of
nudity. One should never even touch the remnants of other people's dishes and plates. One should never, while one is in an
impure state, touch another's head, for it is said in the scriptures that the life-breaths are all concentrated in the head. One
should never strike another on the head or seize another by the hair. One should not join one's hands together for scratching
one's head. One should not, while bathing, repeatedly dip one's head in water. By so doing one shortens one's life. One who has
bathed by dipping the head in water should not, afterwards, apply oil to any part of one's body. One should never take a meal
without eating some sesame. One should never teach (the Vedas or any scriptures) at a time when one is impure. Nor should
one study while one is impure. When a storm rises or a bad odour permeates in the atmosphere, one should never think of the
Vedas. Persons conversant with ancient history recite a Gatha sung by Yama in days of old. He that runs while impure or
studies the Vedas under similar circumstances, indeed, that regenerate Brahman who studies the Vedas at forbidden times,
loses his Vedas and shortens his life. Hence, one should never study the Vedas with concentrated attention at forbidden times.
They who answer a call of nature, with face towards the sun, or towards a blazing fire, or towards a cow, or towards a
regenerate person, or on the road, become shortlived. At daytime both calls of nature should be answered with face turned
towards the north. At night, those calls should be answered facing the south. By so doing one does not shorten one's life. One
that wishes to live long should never disregard or insult any of these three, however weak or emaciated they may appear to be,
viz., the Brahmana, the Kshatriya, and the snake. All three are endued with virulent poison. The snake, if angry, burns the
victim with only a glance of its eyes. The Kshatriya also, if angry, burns the objects of his wrath, as soon as he sees him, with
his energy. The Brahmana, stronger than any of these two, destroys not only the objects of his wrath but his whole race as well,
not by vision alone but by thought also.[466] The man of wisdom should, therefore, tend these three with care. One should,
never engage in any disputation with one's preceptor. O Yudhishthira, if the preceptor becomes angry, he should always be
pacified by due honours being paid to him. Even if the preceptor happens to be entirely wrong, one should still follow and
honour him. Without doubt, calumnious sayings against the preceptor always consume the lives of those that utter them. One
should always answer a call of nature at a spot far removed from one's habitation. One should wash one's feet at a distance
from one's habitation. One should always throw the remnants of one's dishes and plates at a spot far removed from one's
habitation. Verily, he who desires his own good should do all these. One should not wear garlands of red flowers. Indeed, they
who are possessed of wisdom should wear garlands of flowers that are white in hue. Rejecting the lotus and the lily, O thou of
great might, one may bear on one's head, however, a flower that is red, even if it be an aquatic one.[467] A garland of gold can
under no circumstances become impure. After one has bathed, O king, one should use perfumes mixed with water.[468] One
should never wear one's upper garment for covering the lower limbs or the lower garments for covering the upper ones. Nor
should one wear clothes worn by another. One should not, again, wear a piece of cloth that has not its lateral fringes.[469]
When one goes to bed, O king, one should wear a different piece of cloth. When making a journey also on a road, one should
wear a different piece of cloth. So also, when worshipping the deities, one should wear a different piece of cloth.[470] The man
of intelligence should smear his limbs with unguents made of Priyangu, sandalwood, Vilwa, Tagara, and Kesara.[471] In
observing a fast, one should purify oneself by a bath, and adorn one's person with ornaments and unguents. One should always
abstain from sexual congress on days of the full moon and the new moon. One should never, O monarch, eat off the same plate
with another even if that other happens to be of one's own or equal rank. Nor should one ever eat any food that has been
prepared by a woman in her functional period. One should never eat any food or drink, any liquid whose essence has been
taken off. Nor should one eat anything without giving a portion thereof to persons that wishfully gaze at the food that one
happens to take. The man of intelligence should never sit close to one that is impure. Nor should one sit close to persons that