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are foremost in piety.[472] All food that is forbidden in ritual acts should never be taken even on other occasions. The fruits of
the Ficus religiosa and the Ficus Bengalensis as also the leaves of the Crotolaria Juncea, and the fruits of the Ficus glomerata,
should never be eaten by one who is desirous of his own good. The flesh of goats, of kine, and the peacock, should never be
eaten. One should also abstain from dried flesh and all flesh that is stale. The man of intelligence should never eat any salt,
taking it up with his hand. Nor should he eat curds and flour of fried barley at night. One should abstain also from flesh of
animals not slain in sacrifices. One should, with concentrated attention, eat once on the morning and once in the evening,
abstaining entirely from all food, during the interval. One should never eat any food in which one may detect a hair. Nor should
one eat at the Sraddha of an enemy. One should eat silently; one should never eat without covering one's person with an upper
garment, and without sitting down.[473] One should never eat any food placing it on the bare ground. One should never eat
except in a sitting posture. One should never make any noise while eating.[474] The man of intelligence should first offer water
and then food to one that has become his guest, and after having served the guest thus, should then sit to his meals himself. He
who sits down to dinner in a line with friends and himself eats any food without giving thereof to his friends, is said to eat
virulent poison. As regards water and Payasa and flour of fried barley and curds and ghee and honey, one should never, after
drinking or eating these, offer the remnants thereof to others. One should never, O chief of men, eat any food doubtingly.[475]
One desirous of food should never drink curds at the conclusion of a meal. After the meal is finished, one should wash one's
mouth and face with the (right) hand only, and taking a little water should then dip the toe of the right foot in it. After washing,
one should touch the crown of one's head with the (right) hand. With concentrated attention, one should next touch fire. The
man who knows how to observe all these ordinances with care, succeeds in attaining to the foremost place among his kinsmen.
One should, after finishing one's meals, with one's nose and eyes and ears and navel and both hands wash with water. One
should not, however, keep one's hands wet. Between the tip and the root of the thumb is situate the sacred Tirtha known by the
name of Brahma. On the back of the little finger, it is said, is situate the Deva-tirtha. The intervening space between the thumb
and the forefinger, O Bharata, should be used for discharging the Pitri rites, after touching water according to the
ordinance.[476] One should never indulge in other people's calumny. Nor should one ever utter anything that is disagreeable.
The man that desires his own good should never seek to provoke against himself the wrath of others. One should never seek to
converse with a person that has fallen away from his order. The very sight of such a person should be avoided. One should
never come in contact with a fallen person. By avoiding such contact one succeeds in attaining to a long life. One should never
indulge in sexual congress at day-time. Nor should one have congress with a maiden, nor with a harlot nor with a barren
woman. One should never have congress with a woman that has not bathed after the expiry of her functional period. By
avoiding such acts one succeeds in attaining to a long life. After washing the several limbs directed, in view of religious acts,
one should wash one's lips thrice, and once more twice. By doing this, one becomes purified and fit for religious acts. The
several organs of sense should each be washed once, and water should also be sprinkled over the whole body. Having done
this, one should go through the worship of the Pitris and the deities, agreeably with the ordinances of the Vedas. Listen to me,
O thou of Kuru's race, as I tell thee what purification is cleansing and beneficial for a Brahmana. Before beginning to eat and
after finishing the meal, and in all acts requiring purification, the Brahmana should perform the achamana with water placed on
the limb called the Brahmatirtha.[477] After ejecting any matter from the throat or spitting, one should wash one's mouth
before one can become pure. A kinsman who happens to be old, or a friend who happens to be poor, should be established in
one's house and his comforts looked after as if he were a member of the family. By doing this, one succeeds in acquiring both
fame and long life. The establishment of pigeons in one's house is fraught with blessedness, as also of parrots both male and
female. If female these taken to one's abode, they succeed in dispelling calamity. The same is the case with cockroaches, If
fireflies and vultures and wood-pigeons and bees enter a house or seek residence in it, acts of propitiating the deities should be
performed. These are creatures of evil omen, as also ospreys. One should never divulge the secrets of high-souled men; one
should never have sexual congress with a forbidden woman. Nor should one ever have such congress with the spouse of a king
or with women that are the friends of queens. One should never cultivate intimacy with physicians, or with children, or with
persons that are old, or with one's servants, O Yudhishthira. One should always provide for friends, for Brahmanas, and for
such as seek one's protection. By doing this, O king, one acquires a long life. The man of wisdom should reside in such a house
as has been constructed with the aid of a Brahmana and an engineer skilled in his profession, if indeed, O king, he desires his
own good.[478] One should not, O king, sleep at the evening twilight. Nor should one study at such an hour for acquiring any
branch of knowledge. The man of intelligence should never eat also at such an hour. By acting in this way one acquires a long
life. One should never perform any act in honour of the Pitris at night time. One should not deck one's person after finishing
one's meals. One should bathe at night, if one desires one's own advancement. One should also, O Bharata, always abstain from
the flour of fried barley at night. The remnants of food and drink, as also the flowers with which one has worshipped the
deities, should never be used. Inviting a guest at night, one should never, with excessive courtesy, force him to eat to the point
of gratification. Nor should one eat oneself to the point of gratification, at night. One should not slay a bird (for eating it),
especially after having fed it.[479] One possessed of wisdom should wed a maiden born in a high family, endued with
auspicious indications, and of full age. Begetting children upon her and thus perpetuating one's race by that means, one should
make over one's sons to a good preceptor for acquiring general knowledge, O Bharata, as also a knowledge of the especial
customs of the family, O monarch. The daughters that one may beget should be bestowed upon youths of respectable families,
that are again possessed of intelligence. Sons should also be established and a portion of the family inheritance, given to them,
O Bharata, as their provision. One should bathe by dipping one's head in water before one sits down to perform any act in
honour of the Pitris of the deities. One should never perform a Sraddha under the constellation of one's nativity. No Sraddha
should be performed under any of the Bhadrapadas (prior or later), nor under the constellation Krittika, O Bharata. The
Sraddha should never be performed under any of those constellations that are regarded as fierce (such as Aslesha, etc ) and any
of those that, upon calculation, seem to be hostile. Indeed, in this respect, all these constellations should be avoided which are
forbidden in treatises on astrology. One should sit facing either the east or the north while undergoing a shave at the hands of
the barber. By so doing, O great king, one succeeds in acquiring a long life. One should never indulge in other people's
calumny or self-reproach, for, O chief of the Bharatas, it is said that calumny is sinful, whether of others or of oneself. In
wedding, one should avoid a woman that is deficient of any limb. A maiden too, if such, should also be avoided. A woman of
the same Pravaras should also be avoided; as also one that has any malformation; as also one that has been born in the race to
which one's mother belongs.[480] One possessed of wisdom should never have sexual congress with a woman that is old, or
one that has abandoned the domestic mode of life for entering the forest mode, or one that is true to her lord, or one whose
organs of generation are not healthy or well-formed.[481] It behoveth thee not to wed a woman that is of a yellow complexion,
or one that is afflicted with leprosy, or one born in a family in which there has been epilepsy, or one that is low in birth and
habits, or one that is born in a family in which the disease called Switra (leprosy) has appeared, or one belonging by birth to a
race in which there are early deaths. Only that maiden who is endued with auspicious indications, and who is accomplished for
qualifications of diverse kinds, who is agreeable and handsome, should be wedded. One should wed, O Yudhishthira, in a
family that is higher or at least equal to one's own. One who is desirous of one's own prosperity, should never wed a woman
that is of an inferior order or that has fallen away from the order of her birth. Carefully igniting the fire, one should accomplish
all those acts which have been ordained and declared in the Vedas or by the Brahmanas.[482] One should never seek to injure
women. Spouses should always be protected. Malice always shortens life. Hence, one should always abstain from cherishing
malice. Sleep at day-time shortens life. To sleep after the sun has risen shortens life. They who sleep at any of the twilights, or
at nightfall or who go to sleep in a state of impurity, have their lives shortened. Adultery always shortens life. One should not
remain in a state of impurity after shaving.[483] One should, O Bharata, carefully abstain from studying or reciting the Vedas,
and eating, and bathing, at eventide. When the evening twilight comes, one should collect one's senses for meditation, without
doing any act. One should, O king, bathe and then worship the Brahmanas. Indeed, one should bathe before worshipping the
deities and reverentially saluting the preceptor. One should never go to a sacrifice unless invited. Indeed, one may go there
without an invitation if one wishes only to see how the sacrifice is conducted. If one goes to a sacrifice (for any other purpose)
without an invitation and if one does not, on that account, receive proper worship from the sacrificer, one's life becomes
shortened. One should never go alone on a journey to foreign parts. Nor should one ever proceed alone to any place at night.
Before evening comes, one should come back to one's house and remain within it. One should always obey the commands of
one's mother and father and preceptor, without at all judging whether those commands are beneficial or otherwise. One should,
O king, attend with great care to the Vedas and the science of arms. Do then, O king, carefully attend to the practice of riding
an elephant, a steed, and a war-chariot. The man who attends to these with care succeeds in attaining to happiness. Such a king
succeeds in becoming unconquerable by foes, and sway his servants and kinsmen without any of them being able to get the
better of him. The king that attains to such a position and that carefully attends to the duty of protecting his subjects, has never
to incur any loss. Thou shouldst acquire, O king, the science of reasoning, as also the science of words, the science of the
Gandharvas, and the four and sixty branches of knowledge known by the name of Kala. One should every day hear the Puranas
and the Itihasas and all the other narratives that exist, as also the life-stories of all high-souled personages. When one's spouse
passes through functional period, one should never have congress with her, nor even summon her for conversation. The man
endued with wisdom may accept her companionship on the fourth day after the bath of purification. If one indulges in congress
on the fifth day from the first appearance of the functional operation, one gets a daughter. By indulging in congress on the sixth