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SECTION CXVIII
"Vyasa said, 'It is in consequence of a meritorious act, O worm, that thou, though born in the intermediate order of being, art
not stupefied. That act is mine, O worm, in consequence of which thou art not stupefied.[527] In consequence of the puissance
of my penances, I am able to rescue a being of demerit by granting him a sight only of my person. There is no stronger might
than the might that attaches to penances, I know, O worm, that thou hast taken birth in the order of worms through the evil acts
of thy past life. If, however, thou thinkest of attaining to righteousness and merit, thou mayst again attain to it. Deities as well
as beings crowned with ascetic success, enjoy or endure the consequence of acts done by them in this field of action. Amongst
men also, when acts of merit are performed, they are performed from desire of fruit (and not with disregard for fruit). The very
accomplishment that one seeks to acquire are sought from desire of the happiness they will bring.[528] Learned or ignorant (in
a former life) the creature that is, in this life, destitute of speech and understanding and hands and feet, is really destitute of
everything.[529] He that becomes a superior Brahmana adores, while alive, the deities of the sun and the moon, uttering
diverse sacred Mantras. O worm, thou shalt attain to that state of existence. Attaining to that status, thou wilt enjoy all the
elements converted into articles of enjoyment. When thou hast attained to that state, I shall impart to thee Brahma. Or, if thou
wishest, I may place thee in any other status!' The worm, agreeing to the words of Vyasa, did not leave the road, but remained
on it. Meanwhile, the large vehicle which was coming in that direction came to that spot.[530] Torn to pieces by the assault of
the wheels, the worm gave up his life-breath. Born at last in the Kshatriya order through the grace of Vyasa of immeasurable
puissance, he proceeded to see the great Rishi. He had, before becoming a Kshatriya, to pass through diverse orders of being,
such as hedgehog and Iguana and boar and deer and bird, and Chandala and Sudra and Vaisya. Having given an account of his
various transformations unto the truth-telling Rishi, and remembering the Rishi's kindness for him, the worm (now transformed
into a Kshatriya) with joined palms fell at the Rishi's feet and touched them with his head.'
"The worm said, 'My present status is that high one which is coveted by all and which is attainable by the possession of the ten
well-known attributes. Indeed, I who was formerly a worm have thus attained to the status of a prince. Elephants of great
strength, decked with golden chains, bear me on their backs. Unto my cars are yoked Kamvoja steeds of high mettle. Numerous
vehicles, unto which are attached camels and mules, bear me. With all my relatives and friends I now eat food rich with meat.
Worshipped by all, sleep, O highly blessed one, on costly beds in delightful rooms into which disagreeable winds cannot blow.
Towards the small hours of every night, Sutas and Magadhas and encomiasts utter my praises even as the deities utter the
agreeable praises of Indra, their chief. Through the grace of thyself that art firm in truth and endued with immeasurable energy,
I who was before a worm have now become a person of the royal order. I bow my head to thee, O thou of great wisdom. Do
thou command me as to what I should do now. Ordained by the puissance of thy penances, even this happy status hath now
become mine!'
"Vyasa said, 'I have today been worshipped by thee, O king, with diverse words expressive of reverence. Transformed into a
worm, thy memory had become clouded. That memory has again appeared. The sin thou committed in a former life has not yet
been destroyed,--that sin, viz., which was earned by thee while thou wert a Sudra covetous of wealth and cruel in behaviour
and hostile to the Brahmanas. Thou wert able to obtain a sight of my person. That was an act of merit to thee while thou wert a
worm. In consequence of thy having saluted and worshipped me thou shalt rise higher, for, from the Kshatriya order thou shalt
rise to the status of a Brahmana, if only thou castest off thy life-breaths on the field of battle for the sake of kine or Brahmanas.
O prince, enjoying much felicity and performing many sacrifices with copious presents, thou shalt attain to heaven and
transformed into eternal Brahma, thou wilt have perfect beatitude. Those that take birth in the intermediate order (of animals)
become (when they rise) Sudras. The Sudra rises to the status of the Vaisya; and the Vaisya to that of the Kshatriya. The
Kshatriya who takes pride in the discharge of the duties of his order, succeeds in attaining to the status of a Brahmana. The
Brahmana, by following a righteous conduct, attains to heaven that is fraught with great felicity.'"
SECTION CXIX
"Bhishma said, 'Having cast off the status of a worm and taken birth as a Kshatriya of great energy, the person (of whom I am
speaking), remembering his previous transformations, O monarch, began to undergo severe austerities. Beholding those severe
austerities of the Kshatriya who was well-conversant with religion and wealth, the Island-born Krishna, that foremost of
Brahmanas, went to him.'
"Vyasa said, The penances that appertain, O worm, to the Kshatriya order consist of the protection of all creatures. Do thou
regard these duties of the Kshatriya order to be the penances laid down for thee. Thou shalt then attain to the status of a
Brahmana. Ascertaining what is right and what is wrong, and cleansing thy soul, do thou duly cherish and protect all creatures,
judiciously gratifying all good desires and correcting all that is unholy. Be thou of cleansed soul, be thou contented and be thou
devoted to the practice of righteousness. Conducting thyself in this way, thou wilt then, when thou castest off thy life-breaths,
become a Brahmana!'
"Bhishma continued, 'Although he had retired into the woods, yet, O Yudhishthira, having heard the words of the great Rishi
he began to cherish and protect his subjects righteously. Soon, O best of kings, that worm, in consequence of the due discharge
of the duty of protecting his subjects, became a Brahmana after casting off his Kshatriya body. Beholding him transformed into
a Brahmana, the celebrated Rishi, viz., the Island-born Krishna of great wisdom, came to him.'
"Vyasa said, 'O chief of Brahmanas, O blessed one, be not troubled (through fear of death)! He who acts righteously attains to
respectable birth. He, on the other hand, who acts unrighteously attains to a low and vile birth, O thou that art conversant with
righteousness, one attains to misery agreeably the measure of one's sin. Therefore, O worm, do not be troubled through fear of
death. The only fear thou shouldst entertain is about the loss of righteousness. Do thou, therefore, go on practising
righteousness.'
"The worm said, 'Through thy grace, O holy one, I have attained from happy to happier positions! Having obtained such
prosperity as has its roots in righteousness, I think, my demerits have been lost.'
"Bhishma said, 'The worm having, at the command of the holy Rishi, attained to the status of a Brahmana that is so difficult to
attain, caused the earth to be marked with a thousand sacrificial stakes. That foremost of all persons conversant with Brahma
then obtained a residence in the region of Brahman himself. Indeed, O son of Pritha, the worm attained to the highest status,
viz., that of eternal Brahma, as the result of his own acts done in obedience to the counsels of Vyasa. Those bulls among
Kshatriyas, also, who have cast off their life-breaths (on the field of Kurukshetra) exerting their energy the while, have all
attained to a meritorious end. Therefore O king, do not mourn on their account.'"
SECTION CXX
"Yudhishthira said, 'Which amongst these three is superior, viz., knowledge, penances, and gifts? I ask thee, O foremost of
righteous persons! Do tell me this, O grandsire!'
"Bhishma said, 'In this connection is cited the old narrative of the conversation between Maitreya and the Island-born Krishna.
Once on a time, the Island-born Krishna, O king, while wandering over the world in disguise, proceeded to Baranasi and
waited upon Maitreya who belonged by birth to a race of Munis[531]. Seeing Vyasa arrive, that foremost of Rishis, viz.,
Maitreya, gave him a seat and after worshipping him with due rites, fed him with excellent food. Having eaten that good food
which was very wholesome and which produced every kind of gratification, the high-souled Krishna became exceedingly
delighted and as he sat there, he even laughed aloud. Seeing Krishna laugh, Maitreya addressed him, saying, 'Tell me, O
righteous-souled one, what the reason is of thy laughter! Thou art an ascetic, endued with capacity to control thy emotions.
Great joy, it seems, has come over thee! Saluting thee, and worshipping thee with bent head, I ask thee this, viz., what the
puissance is of my penances and what the high blessedness is that is thine! The acts I do are different from those which thou
doest. Thou art already emancipated though still owning life-breaths. I, however, am not yet freed. For all that I think that there
is not much difference between thee and me. I am again, distinguished by birth.'[532]
"Vyasa said, 'This wonder that has filled me hath arisen from an ordinance that looks like a hyperbole, and from its paradoxical
statement for the comprehension of the people. The declaration of the Vedas seems to be untrue. But why should the Vedas say