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secured to himself unique and undying fame in this as well as in the other world. Rantideva, the son of Sankriti, attained to the
highest heaven by duly making gifts to the high-souled Vasishtha. Devavriddha too went to heaven by giving a hundred-ribbed
and excellent golden umbrella to a Brahmana for a sacrifice. The worshipful Amvarisha too has attained to the region of the
gods, by making a gift of all his kingdom to a Brahmana of great power. King Janamejaya of the solar race, went to the highest
heaven by making a gift of ear-rings, fine vehicles, and cows to Brahmanas. The Royal sage Vrishadarbhi went to heaven by
making gifts of various jewels and beautiful houses to Brahmanas. King Nimi of Vidarva, attained to heaven with his sons,
friends and cattle, by giving his daughter and kingdom to the high-souled Agastya. The far-famed Rama, the son of Jamadagni,
attained to the eternal regions, far beyond his expectation, by giving lands to Brahmanas. Vasishtha, the prince of Brahmanas,
preserved all the creatures at a time of great drought when the god Parjjanya did not bestow his grateful showers upon the
earth, and for this act he has secured eternal bliss for himself. Rama, the son of Dasaratha, whose fame is very high in this
world, attained to the eternal regions by making gifts of wealth at sacrifices. The far-famed royal sage Kakshasena, went to
heaven by duly making over to the high-souled Vasishtha the wealth which he had deposited with him. Marutta, the son of
Parikshita and the grandson of Karandhama, by giving his daughter in marriage to Angiras, immediately went to heaven. The
highly devout king of Panchalal Brahmadatta, attained the blessed way by giving away a precious conch-shell. King Mitrasaha,
by giving his favourite wife Madayanti to the high-souled Vasishtha, ascended to heaven. Sudyumna, the son of Manu, by
causing the proper punishment to be inflicted upon the high-souled Likhita, attained to the most blessed regions. The celebrated
royal sage Saharachitta went to the blessed regions, by sacrificing his dear life for the sake of a Brahmana. The king
Satadyumna went to heaven by giving to Maudgaya a golden mansion replete with all the objects of desire. In ancient times,
king Sumanyu by giving to Sandilya heaps of food looking like a hill, proceeded to heaven. The Salwa prince Dyutimat of
great splendour attained to the highest regions by giving his kingdom to Richika. The Royal sage Madiraswa by giving his
slender-waisted daughter to Hiranyahasta went to the region of the gods. The lordly Lomapada attained all the vast objects of
his desire by giving his daughter Santa in marriage to Rishyasringa. The royal sage Bhagiratha, by giving his famous daughter
Hansi in marriage to Kautsa, went to the eternal regions. King Bhagiratha by giving hundreds and thousands of kine with their
young ones to Kohala attained to the most blessed regions. These and many other men, O Yudhishthira, have attained to
heaven, by the merit of their charities and penances and they have also returned from thence again and again. Their fame will
endure as long as the world will last. I have related to thee, O Yudhishthira, this story of those good householders who have
attained to eternal regions by dint of their charities and penances. By their charities and by performing sacrifices and by
procreating offspring, these people have attained to the heavenly regions. O foremost scion of Kuru's race, by always
performing acts of charity, these men applied their virtuous intellects to the performance of sacrifices and charities. O mighty
prince, as night has approached I shall explain to thee in the morning whatever doubts may arise in thy mind.'"
SECTION CXXXVIII
"Yudhishthira said, 'I have heard from thee, O sire, the names of those kings that have ascended to heaven. O thou whose
power is great in the observance of the vow of truth by following the religion of gift. How many kinds of gift are there that
should be given? What are the fruits of the several kinds of gifts respectively? For what reasons, what kinds of gifts, made to
what persons are productive of merits? Indeed, unto what persons should what gifts be made? For what reasons are how many
kinds of gifts to be made? I desire to hear all this in detail.'"
"Bhishma said, 'Listen, O son of Kunti, in detail to me, O sinless one as I discourse on the subject of gifts. Indeed, I shall tell
you, O Bharata, how gifts should be made unto all the orders of men. From desire of merit, from desire of profit, from fear,
from free choice, and from pity, gifts are made, O Bharata! Gifts, therefore, should be known to be of five kinds. Listen now to
the reasons for which gifts are thus distributed in five classes. With mind freed from malice one should make gifts unto
Brahmanas, for by making gifts unto the one acquires fame here and great felicity hereafter. (Such gifts are regarded as made
from desire of merit.) He is in the habit of making gifts; or he has already made gifts to me. Hearing such words from solicitors
one gives away all kinds of wealth unto a particular solicitor. (Such gifts are regarded as made from desire of profit.) I am not
his, nor is he mine. If disregarded, he may injure me. From such motives of fear even a man of learning and wisdom may make
gifts unto an ignorant wretch. (Such gifts are regarded as made from fear.) This one is dear to me, I am also dear to him.
Influenced by considerations like these, a person of intelligence, freely and with alacrity, make gifts unto a friend. (Such gifts
are regarded as made from free choice.) The person that solicits me is poor. He is, again, gratified with a little. From
considerations such as these, one should always make gifts unto the poor, moved by pity. (Gifts made from such considerations
are regarded as made from pity.) These are the five kinds of gift. They enhance the giver's merits and fame. The Lord of all
creatures (Brahman himself) has said that one should always make gifts according to one's power.'"
SECTION CXXXIX
"Yudhishthira said, 'O grandsire, thou art possessed of great wisdom. Indeed, thou art fully conversant with every branch of
learning. In our great race thou art the only individual that swellest with all the sciences. I desire to hear from thee discourses
that are interwoven with Religion and Profit, that lead to felicity hereafter, and that are fraught with wonder unto all creatures.
The time that has come is fraught with great distress. The like of it does not generally come to kinsmen and friends. Indeed,
save thee, O foremost of men, we have now none else that can take the place of an instructor. If, O sinless one, I with my
brothers deserve the favour, it behoveth thee to answer the question I desire to ask thee. This one is Narayana who is endued
with every prosperity and is honoured by all the kings. Even he waits upon thee, showing thee every indulgence and honouring
thee greatly. It behoveth thee to discourse unto me, through affection, for my benefit as also for that of my brothers, in the
presence of Vasudeva himself and of all these kings.'"
"Vaisampayana continued, 'Hearing these words of king Yudhishthira, Bhishma, the son of the river called after Bhagiratha,
filled with joy in consequence of his affection for the monarch and his brothers, said what follows.'[559]
"Bhishma said, 'I shall certainly recite to thee discourses that are delightful, on the subject, O king, of the puissance of this
Vishnu as displayed in days of yore and as I have heard (from my preceptors). Listen to me also as I describe the puissance of
that great god who has a bull for his device. Listen to me as I narrate also the doubt that filled the mind of the spouse of Rudra
and that of Rudra himself. Once on a time the righteous souled Krishna observed a vow extending for ten and two years. For
beholding him who had gone through the rite of initiation for the observance of his great vow, there came to that place Narada
and Parvata, and the Island-born Krishna, and Dhaumya, that foremost of silent reciters, and Devala, and Kasyapa, and
Hastikasyapa. Other Rishis also, endued with Diksha and self-restraint, followed by their disciples and accompanied by many
Siddhas and many ascetics of great merit, came there. The son of Devaki offered them such honours of hospitality as are
deserving of the highest praise and as are offered unto the gods alone. Those great Rishis sat themselves down upon seats some
of which were green and some endued with the colour of gold and some that were fraught with the plumes of the peacock and
some that were perfectly new and fresh. Thus seated, they began to converse sweetly with one another on subjects connected
with Religion and duty as also with many royal sages and deities. At that time the energy, in the form of fire, Narayana, rising
from the fuel that consisted of the rigid observance of his vow, issued out of the mouth of Krishna of wonderful feats. That fire
began to consume those mountains with their trees and creepers and little plants, as also with their birds and deer and beasts of
prey and reptiles. Soon the summit of that mountain presented a distressing and pitiful appearance, Inhabited by animals of
diverse kinds which began to utter cries of woe and pain, the summit soon became bereft of every living creature. That fire of
mighty flames, having consumed everything without leaving a remnant at last came back to Vishnu and touched his feet like a
docile disciple. That crusher of foes, viz., Krishna, beholding that mountain burnt, cast a benignant look upon it and thereby
brought it back to its former condition. That mountain thereupon once more became adorned with flowering trees and creepers,
and once more echoed with the notes and cries of birds and deer and animals of prey and reptiles. Seeing that wonderful and
inconceivable sight, all the ascetics became amazed. Their hairs stood on end and their vision was blurred with tears. That
foremost of speakers, Narayana, beholding those Rishis thus filled with wonder, addressed them in these sweet and refreshing
words, 'Why, indeed, has wonder filled the hearts of this assemblage of Rishis, these ascetics that are always free from
attachment of every kind, that are divested of the idea of meum, and that are fully conversant with every sacred science? It
behoveth these Rishis possessed of wealth of penances and freed from every stain to explain to me truly this doubt that has
arisen in my mind.'"
"The Rishis said, 'It is thou that createst all the worlds, and it is thou that destroyest them again. It is thou that art Winter, it is
thou that art Summer, and it is thou that art the season of rains. Of all the creatures, mobile and immobile, that are found on the
earth, thou art the father, thou art the mother, thou art the master, and thou art the origin! Even this, O slayer of Madhu, is a
matter of wonder and doubt with us. O source of all auspiciousness, it behoveth Thee to resolve to us that doubt, viz., the issue