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introduction have you ever watched a caterpillar turn into a butterfly ? if so , you ’ re probably familiar with the idea of a life cycle . butterflies go through some fairly spectacular life cycle transitions—turning from something that looks like a lowly worm into a glorious creature that floats on the breeze . other... | cell cycle exit and g $ _0 $ what happens to the two daughter cells produced in one round of the cell cycle ? this depends on what type of cells they are . some types of cells divide rapidly , and in these cases , the daughter cells may immediately undergo another round of cell division . for instance , many cell types... | what is the difference between sister and daughter cells ? |
introduction have you ever watched a caterpillar turn into a butterfly ? if so , you ’ re probably familiar with the idea of a life cycle . butterflies go through some fairly spectacular life cycle transitions—turning from something that looks like a lowly worm into a glorious creature that floats on the breeze . other... | during the mitotic ( m ) phase , the cell separates its dna into two sets and divides its cytoplasm , forming two new cells . interphase let ’ s enter the cell cycle just as a cell forms , by division of its mother cell . what must this newborn cell do next if it wants to go on and divide itself ? | what is the purpose of the cell cycle and division and how does it occur ? |
introduction have you ever watched a caterpillar turn into a butterfly ? if so , you ’ re probably familiar with the idea of a life cycle . butterflies go through some fairly spectacular life cycle transitions—turning from something that looks like a lowly worm into a glorious creature that floats on the breeze . other... | in other words , it is the series of growth and development steps a cell undergoes between its “ birth ” —formation by the division of a mother cell—and reproduction—division to make two new daughter cells . stages of the cell cycle to divide , a cell must complete several important tasks : it must grow , copy its gene... | how can there be more important stages than another ? |
introduction have you ever watched a caterpillar turn into a butterfly ? if so , you ’ re probably familiar with the idea of a life cycle . butterflies go through some fairly spectacular life cycle transitions—turning from something that looks like a lowly worm into a glorious creature that floats on the breeze . other... | other organisms , from humans to plants to bacteria , also have a life cycle : a series of developmental steps that an individual goes through from the time it is born until the time it reproduces . the cell cycle can be thought of as the life cycle of a cell . in other words , it is the series of growth and developmen... | why does intephase takes up the majority of time in the cell cycle ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | these are all equivalent , $ p = v\ , i $ $ p = ( \text i\ , \text r ) \ , i = i^2 \ , \text r $ $ p = v\left ( \dfrac { v } { \text r } \right ) = \dfrac { v^2 } { \text r } $ the last two expressions reveal that power in a resistor goes up ( or down ) proportional to the square of voltage or current . increase either... | why does reducing both voltage and current by half reduce the power by a factor of 16 ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | there are two basic types . voltage source current source components come in three basic types , each characterized by a different voltage-current relationship . resistor capacitor inductor these sources and components have two terminals or connection points . | what is the voltage across a ideal current source ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | it is a good practice to draw the $ + $ and $ - $ signs inside the circle . variable voltage source an ideal variable voltage source generates a known voltage as a function of time , independent of the current drawn by the components connected to its terminals , as shown in this $ voltage $ versus $ time $ plot : the e... | is it just the sum of voltage drops across every passive element in the circuit ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | power in a resistor power is dissipated by a resistor when current flows through it . energy in flowing electrons becomes bulk heat as electrons collide with atoms in the resistor material . power can be expressed a few ways using ohm 's law . | is energy always dissipated as heat ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | ideal sources constant voltage source an ideal constant voltage source has a fixed output voltage , independent of the current drawn by the components connected to its terminals , as shown in this current versus voltage plot : the equation for a constant voltage source is , $ v = \text v $ where $ \text v $ is some con... | what is the difference between potential difference , voltage and electromotive force ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | the computer does n't mind a current of a zillion amperes , but it 's probably not what you intended . constant current source an ideal constant current source has a fixed output current , independent of the voltage connected to its terminals , as shown in this $ current $ versus $ voltage $ plot : the equation for a c... | let 's say that i have a 1 a ampere current source : that source adds ( reiforces , gives ) a current of 1 a to the circuit or it means that the current in the branches is exactly 1 a ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | the computer does n't mind a current of a zillion amperes , but it 's probably not what you intended . constant current source an ideal constant current source has a fixed output current , independent of the voltage connected to its terminals , as shown in this $ current $ versus $ voltage $ plot : the equation for a c... | in constant current source , which element can be called current source in real world ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | power can be expressed a few ways using ohm 's law . these are all equivalent , $ p = v\ , i $ $ p = ( \text i\ , \text r ) \ , i = i^2 \ , \text r $ $ p = v\left ( \dfrac { v } { \text r } \right ) = \dfrac { v^2 } { \text r } $ the last two expressions reveal that power in a resistor goes up ( or down ) proportional ... | according to given ; p = ( i^2 ) *r but also p = ( v^2 ) /r so is power directly or indirectly proportional to current ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | power can be expressed a few ways using ohm 's law . these are all equivalent , $ p = v\ , i $ $ p = ( \text i\ , \text r ) \ , i = i^2 \ , \text r $ $ p = v\left ( \dfrac { v } { \text r } \right ) = \dfrac { v^2 } { \text r } $ the last two expressions reveal that power in a resistor goes up ( or down ) proportional ... | if $ p=iv , $ why does reducing both $ i $ and $ v $ by 2 reduce p by 16 ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | summary of ideal component equations here are the three important circuit component $ i $ - $ v $ equations , $ \large v = i\ , \text r\quad\qquad $ ohm 's law $ \large i = \text c \ , \dfrac { dv } { dt } \qquad $ capacitor equation $ \large v = \text l \ , \dfrac { di } { dt } \qquad $ inductor equation these three e... | how is energy = power integrated over time ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | when beth looks at aaron 's new design , she figures out how to reduce the current in the resistor by a factor of two . capacitor the basic equation describing a capacitor relates charge on the capacitor to the voltage across the capacitor . $ \text q = \text c\ , \text v $ the constant of proportionality $ \text c $ i... | at the end of capacitor and inductor , what is the long curly symbol right after `` v= `` and after `` i = `` ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | there are two basic types . voltage source current source components come in three basic types , each characterized by a different voltage-current relationship . resistor capacitor inductor these sources and components have two terminals or connection points . | what 's a real life example of a current source , i know that a voltage source can be like a battery , but what is an example of a current source ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | capacitor the basic equation describing a capacitor relates charge on the capacitor to the voltage across the capacitor . $ \text q = \text c\ , \text v $ the constant of proportionality $ \text c $ is the capacitance . capacitance has units of farads , symbolized by the capital letter $ \text f $ . | how do you avoid confusion between `` c '' referring to charge and `` c '' referring to capacitance ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | this term is sometimes used when talking about the voltage from a source ( battery or generator ) . the two common symbols for constant voltage sources : the symbol on the left is used for a battery . the longer horizontal line on the battery symbol represents the positive terminal of the battery , and the shorter hori... | should i have learned what all these numbers and symbols mean in the interduction ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | the computer does n't mind a current of a zillion amperes , but it 's probably not what you intended . constant current source an ideal constant current source has a fixed output current , independent of the voltage connected to its terminals , as shown in this $ current $ versus $ voltage $ plot : the equation for a c... | how does capacitance magically turn into current ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | the unit of capacitance is the farad , and from the equation above we see that , $ 1 \ , \text { farad } = 1 \ , \text { coulomb } /\text { volt } $ if the charge can move , we have a term for this ; moving charge is called current . current is the time rate of change of charge , $ i = \dfrac { dq } { dt } $ using this... | also , how is is that taking the derivative in respect to time of q=cv make dq/dt ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | sources provide energy to a circuit . there are two basic types . voltage source current source components come in three basic types , each characterized by a different voltage-current relationship . | what is the thing that looks something like / and two dots on either sides ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | we can flip the capacitor equation around to solve for $ v $ in terms of $ i $ by integrating both sides , resulting in the integral form of the capacitor equation , $ \displaystyle v = \dfrac1 { \text c } \ , \int_ { -\infty } ^ { \ , t } i\ , dt $ the $ -\infty $ lower limit on the integral suggests that the capacito... | what confuses me is that time goes forward it could never be a negative why include the negative values of time ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | when we build real current sources , of course , the range of operation is significantly restricted compared to the ideal current source abstraction . resistor the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it . $ \large v = \text r \ , i \qquad \normalsize \text { ohm 's law } $ ... | how would i know if the amps were doubling in a normal conductor , yielding 2x the watts , or if the amps were doubling in a resistor , yielding 4x the watts ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | instead , energy in the capacitor , in the form of stored charge , is recovered when the charge flows back out of the capacitor . inductor the voltage across an inductor is directly proportional to the time rate of change of current through the inductor , $ \large v = \text l \ , \dfrac { di } { dt } $ this property ar... | is the d beside the i in the inductor equation the smae thing as delta ( change in ... ) ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | the voltage at the terminals of an ideal current source becomes whatever is required to push out the constant current , even if that voltage is gigantic . when we build real current sources , of course , the range of operation is significantly restricted compared to the ideal current source abstraction . resistor the v... | i saw that we were going to build a spider robot but can we build something else ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | ohm 's law can be written a number of ways , all of them useful , $ v = i\ , \text r \qquad\qquad i = \dfrac { v } { \text r } \qquad\qquad \text r = \dfrac { v } { i } $ ohm 's law is worth committing to memory . power in a resistor power is dissipated by a resistor when current flows through it . energy in flowing el... | what 's the difference between watts and power ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | the constant of proportionality $ \text l $ is the called the inductance . the unit of inductance is the henry , denoted by the capital letter h. the reason this property of inductance arises in coils of wire is a complex topic involving the intimate relationship between electricity and magnetism , which is beyond the ... | what is the concept of electricity ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | capacitor the basic equation describing a capacitor relates charge on the capacitor to the voltage across the capacitor . $ \text q = \text c\ , \text v $ the constant of proportionality $ \text c $ is the capacitance . capacitance has units of farads , symbolized by the capital letter $ \text f $ . the unit of capacit... | i do n't understand the symbol for capacitance is 'f ' right then why are we using 'c ' as the symbol for capacitance ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | resistor the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it . $ \large v = \text r \ , i \qquad \normalsize \text { ohm 's law } $ this relationship is known as ohm 's law . you 'll use this equation a lot in your work with circuits . | i have a question ohm 's law says v=i*r right ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | the circle symbol represents some other source of voltage , often a power supply . it is a good practice to draw the $ + $ and $ - $ signs inside the circle . variable voltage source an ideal variable voltage source generates a known voltage as a function of time , independent of the current drawn by the components con... | do we have to remember the various formulas to practice electrical engineering hands-on ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | power can be expressed a few ways using ohm 's law . these are all equivalent , $ p = v\ , i $ $ p = ( \text i\ , \text r ) \ , i = i^2 \ , \text r $ $ p = v\left ( \dfrac { v } { \text r } \right ) = \dfrac { v^2 } { \text r } $ the last two expressions reveal that power in a resistor goes up ( or down ) proportional ... | for this question , should we look at the formula p=iv to derive the answer instead of looking at the individual formulas of p=i^2r & p=v^2r^-1 ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | summary of ideal component equations here are the three important circuit component $ i $ - $ v $ equations , $ \large v = i\ , \text r\quad\qquad $ ohm 's law $ \large i = \text c \ , \dfrac { dv } { dt } \qquad $ capacitor equation $ \large v = \text l \ , \dfrac { di } { dt } \qquad $ inductor equation these three e... | under `` power and energy in a capacitor , '' should n't u = ( 1/2 ) cv^2 + c instead of ( 1/2 ) cv^2 ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | when beth looks at aaron 's new design , she figures out how to reduce the current in the resistor by a factor of two . capacitor the basic equation describing a capacitor relates charge on the capacitor to the voltage across the capacitor . $ \text q = \text c\ , \text v $ the constant of proportionality $ \text c $ i... | ok , so what is the power in a capacitor-inductor ? |
an electric circuit is made of elements . elements include at least one source . the source is connected to a bunch of components . we are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions . by the end of this article , we will have a nice collection of equations , which can be combined to g... | it is a good practice to draw the $ + $ and $ - $ signs inside the circle . variable voltage source an ideal variable voltage source generates a known voltage as a function of time , independent of the current drawn by the components connected to its terminals , as shown in this $ voltage $ versus $ time $ plot : the e... | how can the ohms law be used in a normal or high voltage circuit ? |
buddhisms when we talk about the religion that worships the buddha , we refer to it as singular : buddhism . however , it may be more accurate to talk about “ buddhisms. ” the religion that originated in india took on so many different forms and adapted in such a variety ways that it is often difficult to see how the v... | in the ancient indian worldview this means the endless cycle of rebirth and death—there is no beginning and no end . this endless cycle is governed by karma ( causality ) . in ancient india , time is measured in kalpa . | what is the significance of breaking the cycle ? |
buddhisms when we talk about the religion that worships the buddha , we refer to it as singular : buddhism . however , it may be more accurate to talk about “ buddhisms. ” the religion that originated in india took on so many different forms and adapted in such a variety ways that it is often difficult to see how the v... | beings need to find a way out of the endless cycle of rebirth . the goal is nirvana . nirvana is extinction . nirvana is the traditional name for that which is not samsara . | also why nirvana considered a reward if it is nothingness ? |
buddhisms when we talk about the religion that worships the buddha , we refer to it as singular : buddhism . however , it may be more accurate to talk about “ buddhisms. ” the religion that originated in india took on so many different forms and adapted in such a variety ways that it is often difficult to see how the v... | the worship of the buddha , of course ! but who was buddha ? was buddha a man or a god ? in early forms of buddhism , buddha is most definitely a man . | what country 's believe in buddha ? |
buddhisms when we talk about the religion that worships the buddha , we refer to it as singular : buddhism . however , it may be more accurate to talk about “ buddhisms. ” the religion that originated in india took on so many different forms and adapted in such a variety ways that it is often difficult to see how the v... | karma how do people ( beings ) move about in this world ? the answer is karma . karma is the law that regulates all life in samsara . | i think karma belongs to the mahayana tradition , so this article would be leaning more towards that tradition ? |
buddhisms when we talk about the religion that worships the buddha , we refer to it as singular : buddhism . however , it may be more accurate to talk about “ buddhisms. ” the religion that originated in india took on so many different forms and adapted in such a variety ways that it is often difficult to see how the v... | a being can only encounter buddha and benefit in the human realm . nirvana how does one achieve salvation ? all is impermanent . | why would one want to be extinct ? |
buddhisms when we talk about the religion that worships the buddha , we refer to it as singular : buddhism . however , it may be more accurate to talk about “ buddhisms. ” the religion that originated in india took on so many different forms and adapted in such a variety ways that it is often difficult to see how the v... | a being can only encounter buddha and benefit in the human realm . nirvana how does one achieve salvation ? all is impermanent . | can one feel/think in nirvana ? |
buddhisms when we talk about the religion that worships the buddha , we refer to it as singular : buddhism . however , it may be more accurate to talk about “ buddhisms. ” the religion that originated in india took on so many different forms and adapted in such a variety ways that it is often difficult to see how the v... | the worship of the buddha , of course ! but who was buddha ? was buddha a man or a god ? in early forms of buddhism , buddha is most definitely a man . | is there any known connection between the buddha and aristotle , historically ? |
buddhisms when we talk about the religion that worships the buddha , we refer to it as singular : buddhism . however , it may be more accurate to talk about “ buddhisms. ” the religion that originated in india took on so many different forms and adapted in such a variety ways that it is often difficult to see how the v... | the worship of the buddha , of course ! but who was buddha ? was buddha a man or a god ? in early forms of buddhism , buddha is most definitely a man . | why are buddha 's represented in different men ? |
buddhisms when we talk about the religion that worships the buddha , we refer to it as singular : buddhism . however , it may be more accurate to talk about “ buddhisms. ” the religion that originated in india took on so many different forms and adapted in such a variety ways that it is often difficult to see how the v... | the six levels are the six paths of rebirth . the highest realm is that of the gods ( deva ) . halfway between gods and humans are demi-gods ( asura ) . | if buddhists do n't pray to any god and only ( sort of pray i do n't know what to call it ) pray to the `` enlightened one '' , why is there any realm for the gods ? |
a citizen of the world if , as one art historian* recently stated , camille pissarro was the glue that held impressionism together , then mary stevenson cassatt had similarly adhesive qualities . giving the lie to the stereotype that americans were provincial—even barbarous—in their artistic tastes , cassatt was anythi... | the same too can be said for the eleven paintings that cassatt would exhibit in the fourth impressionist exhibition—included among them are some of her most celebrated paintings , notably reading le figaro , woman in a loge , in the loge and little girl in a blue armchair . little girl in a blue armchair produced in 18... | why is the little girl in the blue armchair painting so famous ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | neuronal circuits can be very simple , and composed of only a few neurons , or they can involve more complex neuronal networks . the knee-jerk reflex the simplest neuronal circuits are those that underlie muscle stretch responses , such as the knee-jerk reflex that occurs when someone hits the tendon below your knee ( ... | what exactly occurs during a reflex arc ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . | when we see , smell or even hear anything gross an ddirty why do we have the tendency to puke ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | for instance , if you picked up a hot coal , sensory neurons with endings in your fingertips would convey the information to your cns that it was really hot . motor neurons motor neurons get information from other neurons and convey commands to your muscles , organs and glands . for instance , if you picked up a hot co... | would n't a direct connection between motor and sensory neurons be faster ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know where you are depends on your nervous system ! if your perceptions indicate danger ( “ oh no , the house is on fire ! ” ) , your ability to act on that information also dep... | does human beings have the capacity to use all areas of cerebral cortex or only few designated areas ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | in motor neurons and interneurons , it 's at the axon hillock that the action potential is initiated . finally , many axons are covered with a special insulating substance called myelin , which helps them convey the nerve impulse rapidly . myelin is never found on dendrites . | what does the rate of propagation of a nerve impulse depend upon ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | the dendrites tend to taper and are often covered with little bumps called spines . in contrast , the axon tends to stay the same diameter for most of its length and does n't have spines . the axon arises from the cell body at a specialized area called the axon hillock . | is it the diameter of an axon or the soma ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | myelin dramatically increases the speed with which an action potential travels down the axon , and it plays a crucial role in nervous system function . other types of glia ( in addition to the four main types ) include satellite glial cells and ependymal cells . satellite glial cells cover the cell bodies of neurons in... | what types of nerves are involved in the cns and pns ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | neuronal circuits can be very simple , and composed of only a few neurons , or they can involve more complex neuronal networks . the knee-jerk reflex the simplest neuronal circuits are those that underlie muscle stretch responses , such as the knee-jerk reflex that occurs when someone hits the tendon below your knee ( ... | what exactly occurs during a reflex arc ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | in contrast , the axon tends to stay the same diameter for most of its length and does n't have spines . the axon arises from the cell body at a specialized area called the axon hillock . in motor neurons and interneurons , it 's at the axon hillock that the action potential is initiated . | in the axon of someone with multiple sclerosis what happens to the myelin sheath and nodes of ranvier ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | the axons of peripheral neurons that travel a common route are bundled together to form nerves . classes of neurons based on their roles , the neurons found in the human nervous system can be divided into three classes : sensory neurons , motor neurons , and interneurons . sensory neurons sensory neurons get informatio... | are the cerebral hemispheres only made of neurons ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | these axon terminals make connections on target cells . synapses neuron-to-neuron connections are made onto the dendrites and cell bodies of other neurons . these connections , known as synapses , are the sites at which information is carried from the first neuron , the presynaptic neuron , to the target neuron ( the p... | if the pns has neuron cell bodies in it , why ca n't it think for itself ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | these axon terminals make connections on target cells . synapses neuron-to-neuron connections are made onto the dendrites and cell bodies of other neurons . these connections , known as synapses , are the sites at which information is carried from the first neuron , the presynaptic neuron , to the target neuron ( the p... | what 's so special about neuron cell bodies in the brain ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | these axon terminals make connections on target cells . synapses neuron-to-neuron connections are made onto the dendrites and cell bodies of other neurons . these connections , known as synapses , are the sites at which information is carried from the first neuron , the presynaptic neuron , to the target neuron ( the p... | what is the average length of an neuron ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | the axons of peripheral neurons that travel a common route are bundled together to form nerves . classes of neurons based on their roles , the neurons found in the human nervous system can be divided into three classes : sensory neurons , motor neurons , and interneurons . sensory neurons sensory neurons get informatio... | what are mirror neurons and are these present in humans also ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . | is there any difference between neurofibril , neurofilament and microfibre ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | it is in the cns that all of the analysis of information takes place . the peripheral nervous system ( pns ) , which consists of the neurons and parts of neurons found outside of the cns , includes sensory neurons and motor neurons . sensory neurons bring signals into the cns , and motor neurons carry signals out of th... | what our body does to protect the neurons of the pns ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | interneurons interneurons , which are found only in the cns , connect one neuron to another . they receive information from other neurons ( either sensory neurons or interneurons ) and transmit information to other neurons ( either motor neurons or interneurons ) . for instance , if you picked up a hot coal , the signa... | can you explain how sensory neurons receive information from the eye ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | the axons of peripheral neurons that travel a common route are bundled together to form nerves . classes of neurons based on their roles , the neurons found in the human nervous system can be divided into three classes : sensory neurons , motor neurons , and interneurons . sensory neurons sensory neurons get informatio... | are neurons always connected to each other at synapses ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | tapping on that tendon stretches the quadriceps muscle of the thigh , stimulating the sensory neurons that innervate it to fire . axons from these sensory neurons extend to the spinal cord , where they connect to the motor neurons that establish connections with ( innervate ) the quadriceps . the sensory neurons send a... | which region of the spinal cord contains the axons of motor neurons , but not those of sensory neuron ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | for instance , if you picked up a hot coal , it motor neurons innervating the muscles in your fingers would cause your hand to let go . interneurons interneurons , which are found only in the cns , connect one neuron to another . they receive information from other neurons ( either sensory neurons or interneurons ) and... | are interneurons the same thing as relay neurons ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | these are to : receive signals ( or information ) . integrate incoming signals ( to determine whether or not the information should be passed along ) . communicate signals to target cells ( other neurons or muscles or glands ) . | `` integrate incoming signals ( to determine whether or not the information should be passed along ) `` can anyone explain it ? |
how do you know where you are right now ? your ability to perceive your surroundings – to see , hear , and smell what ’ s around you – depends on your nervous system . so does your ability to recognize where you are and to remember if you ’ ve been there before . in fact , your very capacity to wonder how you know wher... | it is in the cns that all of the analysis of information takes place . the peripheral nervous system ( pns ) , which consists of the neurons and parts of neurons found outside of the cns , includes sensory neurons and motor neurons . sensory neurons bring signals into the cns , and motor neurons carry signals out of th... | can neurons be transplanted to other parts of the body ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | if a baseball has a mass of 0.145 kg , what is its de broglie wavelength ? example 1 : calculating the de broglie wavelength of an electron the velocity of an electron in the ground-state energy level of hydrogen is $ 2.2\times10^6\ , \dfrac { \text { m } } { \text s } $ . if the electron 's mass is $ 9.1\times10^ { -3... | why is the spin number expressed as +1/2 or -1/2 , rather than just +1 or -1 ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | however , many wave functions are complex functions containing $ i=\sqrt { -1 } $ , and the amplitude of the matter wave has no real physical significance . luckily , the square of the wave function , $ \psi^2 $ , is a little more useful . this is because the square of a wave function is proportional to the probability... | why function square related to probability ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | notice that as the energy level of the orbital increases from 1s to 2s to 3s , the probability of finding an electron farther from the nucleus increases as well . shapes of atomic orbitals so far we have been examining s orbitals , which are spherical . as such , the distance from the nucleus , $ r $ , is the main fact... | referring to the image on orbital shapes , why do the p , d , f orbitals have such `` out of the blue '' shapes ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | notice that as the energy level of the orbital increases from 1s to 2s to 3s , the probability of finding an electron farther from the nucleus increases as well . shapes of atomic orbitals so far we have been examining s orbitals , which are spherical . as such , the distance from the nucleus , $ r $ , is the main fact... | how were these shapes found out or calculated ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | this is also called the pauli exclusion principle . summary louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats ele... | so the formula for de broglie equation says that lambda= h/mv and..the v of a stationary object will be 0 , so by mathematical solving it means that the wavelength of a stationary object is infinite ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | we can substitute planck 's constant and the mass and velocity of the electron into de broglie 's equation : $ \begin { align } \lambda & amp ; =\dfrac { h } { \text { mv } } \ \ & amp ; =\dfrac { 6.626\times 10^ { -34 } \ , \dfrac { \cancel { \text { kg } } \cdot \text m^\cancel { 2 } } { \cancel { \text s } } } { ( 9... | is this the correct thinking or is there some other theory for a stationary object 's wavelength ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | while we wo n't be going through the math in this article , the basic form of schrödinger 's wave equation is as follows : $ \hat { h } \psi=e\psi $ $ \psi $ is called a wave function ; $ \hat { h } $ is known as the hamiltonian operator ; and $ e $ is the binding energy of the electron . solving schrödinger 's equatio... | in reference to shrodinger 's equation , what 's the difference between the v ( wave function symbol ) on the left side of the equation and the right ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | some of this behavior is so counterintuitive that we can only talk about it with symbols and metaphors—like in poetry . for example , what does it mean to say an electron behaves like a particle and a wave ? or that an electron does not exist in any one particular location , but that it is spread out throughout the ent... | what does it exactly mean when we say that small particle have characteristics of both waves and particle ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | what is h and hcap in schrodinger 's equation ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | orbitals and probability density the value of the wave function $ \psi $ at a given point in space— $ x , y , z $ —is proportional to the amplitude of the electron matter wave at that point . however , many wave functions are complex functions containing $ i=\sqrt { -1 } $ , and the amplitude of the matter wave has no ... | can we specify type of the wave in schrodinger wave ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | since a bar magnet can have a range of orientations relative to the external magnetic field , they expected to see atoms being deflected by different amounts to give a spread-out distribution . instead , stern and gerlach observed the atoms were split cleanly between the north and south poles . watch the following awes... | in the stern-gerlach experiment , why is it important that one of the poles was stronger than the other ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | scientists refer to this property of electrons as electron spin : any given electron is either spin-up or spin-down . we sometimes represent electron spin by drawing electrons as arrows pointing up , $ \uparrow $ , or down , $ \downarrow $ . one consequence of electron spin is that a maximum of two electrons can occupy... | would n't it still deflect electrons even if the poles had equal strength ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | the alternating colors in the 2s and 3s orbitals represent regions of the orbital with different phases , which is an important consideration in chemical bonding . another way of picturing probabilities for electrons in orbitals is by plotting the surface density as a function of the distance from the nucleus , $ r $ .... | so why electrons do n't simply crash into the nucleus of atoms instead of spinning around the nucleus ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | notice that as the energy level of the orbital increases from 1s to 2s to 3s , the probability of finding an electron farther from the nucleus increases as well . shapes of atomic orbitals so far we have been examining s orbitals , which are spherical . as such , the distance from the nucleus , $ r $ , is the main fact... | what is the need of orbitals concept ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | some of this behavior is so counterintuitive that we can only talk about it with symbols and metaphors—like in poetry . for example , what does it mean to say an electron behaves like a particle and a wave ? or that an electron does not exist in any one particular location , but that it is spread out throughout the ent... | what would be the minimum velocity at which an object the size of a human would start behaving like a wave ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | why does everything become probabilistic as we go more into the microscopic realms ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | to test this theory , they fired a beam of silver atoms between the poles of a permanent magnet with a stronger north pole than south pole . according to classical physics , the orientation of a dipole in an external magnetic field should determine the direction in which the beam gets deflected . since a bar magnet can... | what do you mean by the `` orientation of a dipole '' ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | when that happens , the electron will be likely to demonstrate wavelike behavior ! $ $ the quantum mechanical model of the atom standing waves a major problem with bohr 's model was that it treated electrons as particles that existed in precisely-defined orbits . based on de broglie 's idea that particles could exhibit... | what was the problem in bohr 's model ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | while some physicists initially tried to adapt bohr 's model to make it useful for more complicated systems , they eventually concluded that a completely different model was needed . wave-particle duality and the de broglie wavelength another major development in quantum mechanics was pioneered by french physicist loui... | since heisenberg 's uncertainty principle states that you ca n't determine the momentum ( and position ) of a particle with 100 % accuracy , and the de broglie wavelength of a particle = h/p , does that mean that one can not determine the de broglie wavelength of a particle with 100 % accuracy either ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | while some physicists initially tried to adapt bohr 's model to make it useful for more complicated systems , they eventually concluded that a completely different model was needed . wave-particle duality and the de broglie wavelength another major development in quantum mechanics was pioneered by french physicist loui... | if we ca n't determine the de broglie wavelength of a particle with 100 % accuracy , then what is the practical application of this formula : is it used much for calculations ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | so if you feel confused when learning about quantum mechanics , know that the scientists who originally developed it were just as befuddled . we will start by briefly reviewing bohr 's model of hydrogen , the first non-classical model of the atom . review of bohr 's model of hydrogen as we have seen in a previous artic... | in the above theory , why has the author called 'the bohr 's model ' as the first classical model of the atom ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | this phenomenon , in which electrons can exist in only one of two possible magnetic states , could not be explained using classical physics ! scientists refer to this property of electrons as electron spin : any given electron is either spin-up or spin-down . we sometimes represent electron spin by drawing electrons as... | why ca n't electrons of same spin stay in an orbital ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | it 's not even worth attempting to describe the f orbitals ! electron spin : the stern-gerlach experiment the last quantum phenomenon we will discuss is that of electron spin . in 1922 , german physicists otto stern and walther gerlach hypothesized that electrons behaved as tiny bar magnets , each with a north and sout... | from where does the enerdy comes for excitation of electron from lower orbit to higher orbit ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | scientists refer to this property of electrons as electron spin : any given electron is either spin-up or spin-down . we sometimes represent electron spin by drawing electrons as arrows pointing up , $ \uparrow $ , or down , $ \downarrow $ . one consequence of electron spin is that a maximum of two electrons can occupy... | so wait , what 's happening when there are 8 valence electrons ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | some of this behavior is so counterintuitive that we can only talk about it with symbols and metaphors—like in poetry . for example , what does it mean to say an electron behaves like a particle and a wave ? or that an electron does not exist in any one particular location , but that it is spread out throughout the ent... | is it possible for atoms to have a wave like behaviour ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | we sometimes represent electron spin by drawing electrons as arrows pointing up , $ \uparrow $ , or down , $ \downarrow $ . one consequence of electron spin is that a maximum of two electrons can occupy any given orbital , and the two electrons occupying the same orbital must have opposite spin . this is also called th... | why does the px orbital have 2 nodal planes ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | you are probably already familiar with standing waves from stringed musical instruments . for example , when a string is plucked on a guitar , the string vibrates in the shape of a standing wave such as the one shown below . notice that there are points of zero displacement , or nodes , that occur along the standing wa... | i 'm having trouble interpreting the standing wave animation of a guitar string being plucked - does n't the string first move up and then down ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | we will start by briefly reviewing bohr 's model of hydrogen , the first non-classical model of the atom . review of bohr 's model of hydrogen as we have seen in a previous article on the bohr model , the emission spectra of different elements contain discrete lines . the following image shows the visible region of the... | what is spectra and how is it related to elements ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | de broglie derived the following equation for the wavelength of a particle of mass $ \text m $ ( in kilograms $ \text { kg } $ ) , traveling at velocity $ \text v $ ( in $ \dfrac { \text m } { \text s } $ ) , where $ \lambda $ is the de broglie wavelength of the particle in meters and $ h $ is planck 's constant , $ 6.... | can we really treat macroscopic objects like single particles ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | the fact that there are only certain allowable states or energies that an electron in an atom can have is similar to a standing wave . we will briefly discuss some properties of standing waves to get a better intuition for electron matter waves . you are probably already familiar with standing waves from stringed music... | or is a baseball 's matter wave a combination of all the waves of its constituent particles ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | the function $ \psi^2 $ is often called the probability density . the probability density for an electron can be visualized in a number of different ways . for example , $ \psi^2 $ can be represented by a graph in which varying intensity of color is used to show the relative probabilities of finding an electron in a gi... | so why is l sometimes a small number ei when n=4 why is l=1 ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | if the electron 's mass is $ 9.1\times10^ { -31 } $ kg , what is the de broglie wavelength of this electron ? we can substitute planck 's constant and the mass and velocity of the electron into de broglie 's equation : $ \begin { align } \lambda & amp ; =\dfrac { h } { \text { mv } } \ \ & amp ; =\dfrac { 6.626\times 1... | shouldnt is be = 3 ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | from this model , bohr derived an equation that correctly predicted the various energy levels in the hydrogen atom , which corresponded directly to the emission lines in the hydrogen spectrum . bohr 's model was also successful at predicting the energy levels in other one-electron systems , such as $ \text { he } ^+ $ ... | do quarks repel one another ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | what is the binding energy of an electron exactly ? |
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