context stringlengths 545 71.9k | questionsrc stringlengths 16 10.2k | question stringlengths 11 563 |
|---|---|---|
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | schrödinger 's equation , $ \hat { h } \psi=e\psi $ , can be solved to yield a series of wave function $ \psi $ , each of which is associated with an electron binding energy , $ e $ . the square of the wave function , $ \psi^2 $ , represents the probability of finding an electron in a given region within the atom . an ... | and the wave function squared gives a probability of the in a particular region , would n't it give infinitive possibilities for and electron to exist based on the graph shown in previous pages ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | the fact that there are only certain allowable states or energies that an electron in an atom can have is similar to a standing wave . we will briefly discuss some properties of standing waves to get a better intuition for electron matter waves . you are probably already familiar with standing waves from stringed music... | since the standing matter waves in the figure above is in a cylindrical orientation , what does this exactly mean for the electron ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | since knowing the energy of an electron is necessary for predicting the chemical reactivity of an atom , chemists generally accept that we can only approximate the location of the electron . how do chemists approximate the location of the electron ? the wave functions that are derived from schrödinger 's equation for a... | i do n't think this means that the electron 's possible location is positioned cylindrically , right ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | however , when a particle has a mass on the order of $ 10^ { -31 } $ kg , as an electron does , the wavelike behavior becomes significant enough to lead to some very interesting phenomena . concept check : the fastest baseball pitch ever recorded was approximately 46.7 $ \dfrac { \text { m } } { \text s } $ . if a base... | how can a thrown baseball have an oscillating wavelength ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | an atomic orbital is defined as the region within an atom that encloses where the electron is likely to be 90 % of the time . the heisenberg uncertainty principle states that we ca n't know both the energy and position of an electron . therefore , as we learn more about the electron 's position , we know less about its... | even though we ca n't find both the position and energy level of an electron at the same time , can we first find the position of the electron in the atom and then find the energy of the same electron one after the other ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | bohr 's model was also successful at predicting the energy levels in other one-electron systems , such as $ \text { he } ^+ $ . however , it failed to explain the electronic structure in atoms that contained more than one electron . while some physicists initially tried to adapt bohr 's model to make it useful for more... | how exactly does one fire a beam of silver atoms ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | the physicist niels bohr also said , `` anyone who is not shocked by quantum theory has not understood it . '' so if you feel confused when learning about quantum mechanics , know that the scientists who originally developed it were just as befuddled . we will start by briefly reviewing bohr 's model of hydrogen , the ... | how does quantum mechanics describe the change in an atom 's energy level ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | this is called a radial probability graph . on the left is a radial probability graph for the 1s , 2s , and 3s orbitals . notice that as the energy level of the orbital increases from 1s to 2s to 3s , the probability of finding an electron farther from the nucleus increases as well . | whether the orbitals 1s , 2s and 3s overlap physically with each other as shown in your 'electron probability ' vs 'r ' graph ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | from this model , bohr derived an equation that correctly predicted the various energy levels in the hydrogen atom , which corresponded directly to the emission lines in the hydrogen spectrum . bohr 's model was also successful at predicting the energy levels in other one-electron systems , such as $ \text { he } ^+ $ ... | also whether the energy of the electron depends on principal quantum number ' n ' ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | the function $ \psi^2 $ is often called the probability density . the probability density for an electron can be visualized in a number of different ways . for example , $ \psi^2 $ can be represented by a graph in which varying intensity of color is used to show the relative probabilities of finding an electron in a gi... | if both the answers are `` yes '' , then does it not mean that , at any value of x coordinate , the electron will have different energies at the same time surprisingly , because the 's ' orbitals of all principal quantum number physically overlap ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | an atomic orbital is defined as the region within an atom that encloses where the electron is likely to be 90 % of the time . the heisenberg uncertainty principle states that we ca n't know both the energy and position of an electron . therefore , as we learn more about the electron 's position , we know less about its... | is the product of uncertainty in position and uncertainty in momentum always greater than or equal to h/2 pi or h/4 pi ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | as such , the vibrations are quantized . schrödinger 's equation how are standing waves related to electrons in an atom , you may ask ? on a very simple level , we can think of electrons as standing matter waves that have certain allowed energies . | how is the momentum and energy related ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | however , for other types of orbitals such as p , d , and f orbitals , the electron 's angular position relative to the nucleus also becomes a factor in the probability density . this leads to more interesting orbital shapes , such as the ones in the following image . the p orbitals are shaped like dumbbells that are o... | is it as simple as an increase in velocity leads to an increase in momentum which leads to more kinetic energy and thus an increase in energy ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | from this model , bohr derived an equation that correctly predicted the various energy levels in the hydrogen atom , which corresponded directly to the emission lines in the hydrogen spectrum . bohr 's model was also successful at predicting the energy levels in other one-electron systems , such as $ \text { he } ^+ $ ... | are we able to assume potential energy is constant ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | in the next section , we will discuss how electron probabilities are determined . orbitals and probability density the value of the wave function $ \psi $ at a given point in space— $ x , y , z $ —is proportional to the amplitude of the electron matter wave at that point . however , many wave functions are complex func... | what would be the wave function for 3pz orbital ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | notice that there are points of zero displacement , or nodes , that occur along the standing wave . the nodes are marked with red dots . since the string in the animation is fixed at both ends , this leads to the limitation that only certain wavelengths are allowed for any standing wave . | and how we would we like locate all the radial and angular nodes for it ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | if a baseball has a mass of 0.145 kg , what is its de broglie wavelength ? example 1 : calculating the de broglie wavelength of an electron the velocity of an electron in the ground-state energy level of hydrogen is $ 2.2\times10^6\ , \dfrac { \text { m } } { \text s } $ . if the electron 's mass is $ 9.1\times10^ { -3... | 1- why is velocity in the equation ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | some of this behavior is so counterintuitive that we can only talk about it with symbols and metaphors—like in poetry . for example , what does it mean to say an electron behaves like a particle and a wave ? or that an electron does not exist in any one particular location , but that it is spread out throughout the ent... | so does that mean that a body does n't exhibits wave like properties when its not moving ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | it 's not even worth attempting to describe the f orbitals ! electron spin : the stern-gerlach experiment the last quantum phenomenon we will discuss is that of electron spin . in 1922 , german physicists otto stern and walther gerlach hypothesized that electrons behaved as tiny bar magnets , each with a north and sout... | in stern-gerlach experiment , how do we know that particles which were fired did n't re-orient themselves in magnetic field before being finally deflected ? |
key points louis de broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength $ \lambda $ , given by the following equation : $ \lambda=\dfrac { h } { mv } $ erwin schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom , which treats electrons as matter waves . schrödinger 's equatio... | based on de broglie 's idea that particles could exhibit wavelike behavior , austrian physicist erwin schrödinger theorized that the behavior of electrons within atoms could be explained by treating them mathematically as matter waves . this model , which is the basis of the modern understanding of the atom , is known ... | did /did n't einsteins model of photoelectric effect played a crucial role on the mechanical mode of an atom ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | lower classes , ethnic minorities , recent immigrants , the mentally ill , and the developmentally disabled all occupied lower rungs on this hierarchy . in 1907 , the united states became the first country to pass a compulsory sterilization law . the genocidal policies of nazi germany ultimately discredited the “ scien... | how did the u.s. congress allow sterilization ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | the wilson administration , for instance , despite its embrace of modernity and progress , pursued a racial agenda that culminated in the segregation of the federal government . the years of wilson ’ s presidency ( 1913-1921 ) witnessed a revival of the ku klux klan and a viciously racist backlash against the economic ... | if the klu klux klan was hurting the african-americans and people helped them , then why did n't the president and government try to stop the klu klux klan ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | progressive reformers successfully influenced the passage of much substantive legislation , including several amendments to the us constitution . the sixteenth amendment established a federal income tax , the seventeenth amendment allowed for the direct election of senators , the eighteenth amendment prohibited sales o... | why was the 16th amendment ( federal income tax ) ratified ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | what were the most impressive achievements of progressive reformers ? overall , were the effects of progressivism more harmful or beneficial to american society ? | why were muckrakers needed in american society ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | lower classes , ethnic minorities , recent immigrants , the mentally ill , and the developmentally disabled all occupied lower rungs on this hierarchy . in 1907 , the united states became the first country to pass a compulsory sterilization law . the genocidal policies of nazi germany ultimately discredited the “ scien... | to be honest i 'm not completely understanding the `` sterilization '' what is it exactly ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | how did the progressive era help shape the society ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair business practices , reduce corruption , and counteract the negative social effects of industrialization . during the progressive era , protections for workers and consumers were strengthened , and women fi... | why was the progressive era so important ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair business practices , reduce corruption , and counteract the negative social effects of industrialization . during the progressive era , protections for workers and consumers were strengthened , and women fi... | how did the progressive era affect women ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | corporate bosses , sometimes referred to as “ robber barons , ” pursued unethical and unfair business practices aimed at eliminating competition and increasing profits . factory workers , many of them recent immigrants , were frequently subjected to brutal and perilous working and living conditions . political corrupti... | how long have businesses treated there workers poorly ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | corporate bosses , sometimes referred to as “ robber barons , ” pursued unethical and unfair business practices aimed at eliminating competition and increasing profits . factory workers , many of them recent immigrants , were frequently subjected to brutal and perilous working and living conditions . political corrupti... | how long did it take for the government to realize the poor conditions of workers ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | the problems of industrialization though industrialization in the united states raised standards of living for many , it had a dark side . corporate bosses , sometimes referred to as “ robber barons , ” pursued unethical and unfair business practices aimed at eliminating competition and increasing profits . factory wor... | are there still robber barons today ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair business practices , reduce corruption , and counteract the negative social effects of industrialization . during the progressive era , protections for workers and consumers were strengthened , and women fi... | how did the progressive era affect women ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | these two assumptions were not shared by political conservatives , who tended to believe that human nature was unchanging , and that the federal government should remain limited in size and scope. $ ^3 $ some of the most famous progressive reformers were jane addams , who founded hull house in chicago to help immigrant... | how did the progressive era benefited the middle class and why did it benifited so much the wealthy people ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | the sixteenth amendment established a federal income tax , the seventeenth amendment allowed for the direct election of senators , the eighteenth amendment prohibited sales of alcohol , and the nineteenth amendment guaranteed women the right to vote . legislation aimed at strengthening protections for workers and consu... | are there any cons of the clayton antitrust act ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair business practices , reduce corruption , and counteract the negative social effects of industrialization . during the progressive era , protections for workers and consumers were strengthened , and women fi... | why do people think the progressive era is bad ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | progressive reformers successfully influenced the passage of much substantive legislation , including several amendments to the us constitution . the sixteenth amendment established a federal income tax , the seventeenth amendment allowed for the direct election of senators , the eighteenth amendment prohibited sales o... | why was the 16th amendment ratified ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | the years of wilson ’ s presidency ( 1913-1921 ) witnessed a revival of the ku klux klan and a viciously racist backlash against the economic and political gains of african americans in the post-reconstruction period. $ ^5 $ labor unions , which were very active in progressive politics , supported restrictions on immig... | why did it take the holocaust for people to realise that selective breeding is wrong ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | the years of wilson ’ s presidency ( 1913-1921 ) witnessed a revival of the ku klux klan and a viciously racist backlash against the economic and political gains of african americans in the post-reconstruction period. $ ^5 $ labor unions , which were very active in progressive politics , supported restrictions on immig... | how do other countries deal with immigration ? |
overview the period of us history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the progressive era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society . progressive era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair... | corporate bosses , sometimes referred to as “ robber barons , ” pursued unethical and unfair business practices aimed at eliminating competition and increasing profits . factory workers , many of them recent immigrants , were frequently subjected to brutal and perilous working and living conditions . political corrupti... | why did people blame immigrants for the working conditions and low wages ? |
humankind ’ s origins and the beginnings of cultural expression may be traced to africa . recent discoveries in the southern tip of africa provide remarkable evidence of the earliest stirrings of human creativity . ocher plaques with engraved designs , made some 70,000 years ago , represent some of humankind ’ s earlie... | further south along the nile , one of the earliest of the nubian kingdoms was centered at kerma in present-day sudan and dominated trade networks linking central africa to egypt for almost one thousand years beginning around 2500 b.c.e . a corpus of sophisticated terracotta sculptures found over a broad geographic area... | how does using terracotta indicate iron technology ? |
what is a picture graph ? picture graphs display data using pictures and symbols . we are going to create some pictures graphs , but first , let ’ s look at an example . jessie sold ice cream last summer . she made a picture graph to show how many ice cream cones she sold on her first day . use the picture graph above ... | what is a picture graph ? picture graphs display data using pictures and symbols . | what is the difference between a bar graph and a bar chart ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | before this information can be used for protein synthesis , however , an rna copy ( transcript ) of the gene must first be made . this type of rna is called a messenger rna ( mrna ) , as it serves as a messenger between dna and the ribosomes , molecular machines that read mrna sequences and use them to build proteins .... | how do mrna and trna communicate with eachother during the formation of the proteins ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | scientists are still discovering new varieties of noncoding rna . summary : features of dna and rna | dna | rna - | - | - function | repository of genetic information | involved in protein synthesis and gene regulation ; carrier of genetic information in some viruses sugar | deoxyribose | ribose structure | double heli... | if a-t bonds have 2 hydrogen bonds and g-c bonds have 3 ... would it be true that longer periods of a-t bonds in dna ( so like : aataattattttaattaaaa ) are less stable parts of the dna helix than parts that have more ( or only ) g-c bonds in them ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | let ’ s look at each part of a nucleotide in turn . nitrogenous bases the nitrogenous bases of nucleotides are organic ( carbon-based ) molecules made up of nitrogen-containing ring structures . each nucleotide in dna contains one of four possible nitrogenous bases : adenine ( a ) , guanine ( g ) cytosine ( c ) , and t... | dna is common to all organisms , all organisms use the same 4 nitrogenous bases , a t , c g is that right ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | in prokaryotes , such as bacteria , the dna is not enclosed in a membranous envelope , although it 's located in a specialized cell region called the nucleoid . in eukaryotes , dna is typically broken up into a number of very long , linear pieces called chromosomes , while in prokaryotes such as bacteria , chromosomes ... | are all the 46 chromosomes present in a single cell ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | are the functions of nucleic acids guided only by molecular forces and just appear to have intention or are there other forces at work that i 'm not aware of ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | how do these macromolecules `` know '' what to do ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | because of the sizes and functional groups of the bases , base pairing is highly specific : a can only pair with t , and g can only pair with c , as shown below . this means that the two strands of a dna double helix have a very predictable relationship to each other . for instance , if you know that the sequence of on... | when transcription takes place and the dna is broken into two , and then mrna is formed with one of the dna strands or for both the dna strands ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | let ’ s look at each part of a nucleotide in turn . nitrogenous bases the nitrogenous bases of nucleotides are organic ( carbon-based ) molecules made up of nitrogen-containing ring structures . each nucleotide in dna contains one of four possible nitrogenous bases : adenine ( a ) , guanine ( g ) cytosine ( c ) , and t... | why do some nitrogenous bases have two fused carbon rings while other have one ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | let ’ s look at each part of a nucleotide in turn . nitrogenous bases the nitrogenous bases of nucleotides are organic ( carbon-based ) molecules made up of nitrogen-containing ring structures . each nucleotide in dna contains one of four possible nitrogenous bases : adenine ( a ) , guanine ( g ) cytosine ( c ) , and t... | would it be possible for there to be nitrogenous bases with more than two fused carbon rings ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | let ’ s look at each part of a nucleotide in turn . nitrogenous bases the nitrogenous bases of nucleotides are organic ( carbon-based ) molecules made up of nitrogen-containing ring structures . each nucleotide in dna contains one of four possible nitrogenous bases : adenine ( a ) , guanine ( g ) cytosine ( c ) , and t... | could there ever be an instance where there are more than just five kinds of nitrogenous bases ( adenine , thymine , guanine , cytocine and uracil ) ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | this allows each base to match up with its partner : when two dna sequences match in this way , such that they can stick to each other in an antiparallel fashion and form a helix , they are said to be complementary . properties of rna ribonucleic acid ( rna ) , unlike dna , is usually single-stranded . a nucleotide in ... | if it could be possible how would dna and rna have to rearrange themselves ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | in molecular biology shorthand , the nitrogenous bases are often just referred to by their one-letter symbols , a , t , g , c , and u. dna contains a , t , g , and c , while rna contains a , u , g , and c ( that is , u is swapped in for t ) . sugars in addition to having slightly different sets of bases , dna and rna n... | would it be possible for dna and rna to use other sugars aside from deoxyribose and ribose ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | this allows each base to match up with its partner : when two dna sequences match in this way , such that they can stick to each other in an antiparallel fashion and form a helix , they are said to be complementary . properties of rna ribonucleic acid ( rna ) , unlike dna , is usually single-stranded . a nucleotide in ... | did i misinterpret or is there missing piece on how dna - > rna is done ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | a nucleotide in an rna chain will contain ribose ( the five-carbon sugar ) , one of the four nitrogenous bases ( a , u , g , or c ) , and a phosphate group . here , we 'll take a look at four major types of rna : messenger rna ( mrna ) , ribosomal rna ( rrna ) , transfer rna ( trna ) , and regulatory rnas . messenger r... | what kinds of rnas are there aside from what 's mentioned above ( trna , mrna rrna , mirna , sirna , incrna and pirna ) ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | once an mrna has been produced , it will associate with a ribosome , a molecular machine that specializes in assembling proteins out of amino acids . the ribosome uses the information in the mrna to make a protein of a specific sequence , “ reading out ” the mrna ’ s nucleotides in groups of three ( called codons ) and... | what is a codon actually ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | a chromosome may contain tens of thousands of genes , each providing instructions on how to make a particular product needed by the cell . from dna to rna to proteins many genes encode protein products , meaning that they specify the sequence of amino acids used to build a particular protein . before this information c... | does n't dna tightly coiled many times around proteins then form the chromosome ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | this allows each base to match up with its partner : when two dna sequences match in this way , such that they can stick to each other in an antiparallel fashion and form a helix , they are said to be complementary . properties of rna ribonucleic acid ( rna ) , unlike dna , is usually single-stranded . a nucleotide in ... | is there such thing as a failure in the binding of dna or rna ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | here , we 'll take a look at four major types of rna : messenger rna ( mrna ) , ribosomal rna ( rrna ) , transfer rna ( trna ) , and regulatory rnas . messenger rna ( mrna ) messenger rna ( mrna ) is an intermediate between a protein-coding gene and its protein product . if a cell needs to make a particular protein , t... | i am confused about the difference between a codone and a gene , can anyone please help ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | a nucleotide in an rna chain will contain ribose ( the five-carbon sugar ) , one of the four nitrogenous bases ( a , u , g , or c ) , and a phosphate group . here , we 'll take a look at four major types of rna : messenger rna ( mrna ) , ribosomal rna ( rrna ) , transfer rna ( trna ) , and regulatory rnas . messenger r... | so are there only four types of rna or are there more than four types of rna but just four major types ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | however , in the rna molecule , the base t is replaced with u . for instance , if a dna coding strand has the sequence 5 ’ -aattgcgc-3 ’ , the sequence of the corresponding rna will be 5 ’ -aauugcgc-3 ’ . once an mrna has been produced , it will associate with a ribosome , a molecular machine that specializes in assemb... | i mean , could it be 3'-5 ' or 5'-3 ' with any distinction ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | let ’ s look at each part of a nucleotide in turn . nitrogenous bases the nitrogenous bases of nucleotides are organic ( carbon-based ) molecules made up of nitrogen-containing ring structures . each nucleotide in dna contains one of four possible nitrogenous bases : adenine ( a ) , guanine ( g ) cytosine ( c ) , and t... | why do nitrogenous bases have covalent bonds ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | adenine and guanine are purines , meaning that their structures contain two fused carbon-nitrogen rings . cytosine and thymine , in contrast , are pyrimidines and have a single carbon-nitrogen ring . rna nucleotides may also bear adenine , guanine and cytosine bases , but instead of thymine they have another pyrimidine... | what are pyrimidines and how does it apply to cytosine and thymine other than having a single carbon-nitrogen ring ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | still other rna molecules , such as tiny micrornas ( mirnas ) , act as regulators of other genes , and new types of non-protein-coding rnas are being discovered all the time . nucleotides dna and rna are polymers ( in the case of dna , often very long polymers ) , and are made up of monomers known as nucleotides . when... | what are the backbones of a dna molecule ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | adenine and guanine are purines , meaning that their structures contain two fused carbon-nitrogen rings . cytosine and thymine , in contrast , are pyrimidines and have a single carbon-nitrogen ring . rna nucleotides may also bear adenine , guanine and cytosine bases , but instead of thymine they have another pyrimidine... | why does the uracil replaces thymine ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | here , we 'll take a look at four major types of rna : messenger rna ( mrna ) , ribosomal rna ( rrna ) , transfer rna ( trna ) , and regulatory rnas . messenger rna ( mrna ) messenger rna ( mrna ) is an intermediate between a protein-coding gene and its protein product . if a cell needs to make a particular protein , t... | can it destroy the mrna molecule ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | this allows each base to match up with its partner : when two dna sequences match in this way , such that they can stick to each other in an antiparallel fashion and form a helix , they are said to be complementary . properties of rna ribonucleic acid ( rna ) , unlike dna , is usually single-stranded . a nucleotide in ... | since rna is single stranded but the nitrogenous bases readily bond to their opposite pair and there are plenty of them in the nucleus : how come that they do n't bond to the ( `` non-closed '' ) rna which is exposing their opposite nitrogenous bases ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | scientists are still discovering new varieties of noncoding rna . summary : features of dna and rna | dna | rna - | - | - function | repository of genetic information | involved in protein synthesis and gene regulation ; carrier of genetic information in some viruses sugar | deoxyribose | ribose structure | double heli... | can we trigger the dna for past genetic information ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | however , in the rna molecule , the base t is replaced with u . for instance , if a dna coding strand has the sequence 5 ’ -aattgcgc-3 ’ , the sequence of the corresponding rna will be 5 ’ -aauugcgc-3 ’ . once an mrna has been produced , it will associate with a ribosome , a molecular machine that specializes in assemb... | in the paragraph entitled `` polynucleotide chains '' , how can there be an order from '5 to '3 if on the other side of the dna/rna strand the order is reversed ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | some chemistry sources use the term “ nucleotide ” only for the single-phosphate case , but in molecular biology , the broader definition is generally accepted $ ^1 $ in a cell , a nucleotide about to be added to the end of a polynucleotide chain will bear a series of three phosphate groups . when the nucleotide joins ... | that is , if the two sides are anti-parallel , how can there be a top or bottom of the dna molecule as a whole ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | transfer rnas consist of a single strand of rna , but this strand has complementary segments that stick together to make double-stranded regions . this base-pairing creates a complex 3d structure important to the function of the molecule . regulatory rna ( mirnas and sirnas ) some types of non-coding rnas ( rnas that d... | is there a chance that perhaps trna could be modified to such an extent that it could function outside the cell and enhance both muscle and bone structure ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | this progression from dna to rna to protein is called the “ central dogma ” of molecular biology . importantly , not all genes encode protein products . for instance , some genes specify ribosomal rnas ( rrnas ) , which serve as structural components of ribosomes , or transfer rnas ( trnas ) , cloverleaf-shaped rna mol... | what is meant by genes ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | this allows each base to match up with its partner : when two dna sequences match in this way , such that they can stick to each other in an antiparallel fashion and form a helix , they are said to be complementary . properties of rna ribonucleic acid ( rna ) , unlike dna , is usually single-stranded . a nucleotide in ... | apart from being used for dna and rna , are the components used in any other area ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | the sugars and phosphates lie on the outside of the helix , forming the backbone of the dna ; this portion of the molecule is sometimes called the sugar-phosphate backbone . the nitrogenous bases extend into the interior , like the steps of a staircase , in pairs ; the bases of a pair are bound to each other by hydroge... | why do they specific bases pair up if it 's just hydrogen bonds electrostatic interactions what stops ct and ag pairing through hydrogen bonds ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | the ribosome uses the information in the mrna to make a protein of a specific sequence , “ reading out ” the mrna ’ s nucleotides in groups of three ( called codons ) and adding a particular amino acid for each codon . ribosomal rna ( rrna ) and transfer rna ( trna ) ribosomal rna ( rrna ) is a major component of ribos... | rrna helps mrna get to the right position.but i do n't know why mirna and sirna need to bind to specific mrna molecules and reduce their stability ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | for example , micrornas ( mirnas ) and small interfering rnas sirnas are small regulatory rna molecules about 22 nucleotides long . they bind to specific mrna molecules ( with partly or fully complementary sequences ) and reduce their stability or interfere with their translation , providing a way for the cell to decre... | what is the role of mirna and sirna and how do they 'fine-tune ' mrna ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | however , in the rna molecule , the base t is replaced with u . for instance , if a dna coding strand has the sequence 5 ’ -aattgcgc-3 ’ , the sequence of the corresponding rna will be 5 ’ -aauugcgc-3 ’ . once an mrna has been produced , it will associate with a ribosome , a molecular machine that specializes in assemb... | in the first paragraph of the mrna section , should n't the mrna for the dna sequence 5'-aattgcgc-3 ' be 5'-uuaacgcg-3 ' , and should n't the rna strand be anti parallel to the dna strand ( begin with a 3 ' ) ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | for instance , if a dna coding strand has the sequence 5 ’ -aattgcgc-3 ’ , the sequence of the corresponding rna will be 5 ’ -aauugcgc-3 ’ . once an mrna has been produced , it will associate with a ribosome , a molecular machine that specializes in assembling proteins out of amino acids . the ribosome uses the informa... | what are the 2units present in a smaller subunit of ribosome ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | the sugar molecule has a central position in the nucleotide , with the base attached to one of its carbons and the phosphate group ( or groups ) attached to another . let ’ s look at each part of a nucleotide in turn . nitrogenous bases the nitrogenous bases of nucleotides are organic ( carbon-based ) molecules made up... | how long is a nucleotide ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | this allows each base to match up with its partner : when two dna sequences match in this way , such that they can stick to each other in an antiparallel fashion and form a helix , they are said to be complementary . properties of rna ribonucleic acid ( rna ) , unlike dna , is usually single-stranded . a nucleotide in ... | 1 ) why is n't uracil found on dna and thymine is not found on rna ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | a nucleotide in an rna chain will contain ribose ( the five-carbon sugar ) , one of the four nitrogenous bases ( a , u , g , or c ) , and a phosphate group . here , we 'll take a look at four major types of rna : messenger rna ( mrna ) , ribosomal rna ( rrna ) , transfer rna ( trna ) , and regulatory rnas . messenger r... | is it because of the extra oxygen that rna has due to the ribose ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | the five-carbon sugar in dna is called deoxyribose , while in rna , the sugar is ribose . these two are very similar in structure , with just one difference : the second carbon of ribose bears a hydroxyl group , while the equivalent carbon of deoxyribose has a hydrogen instead . the carbon atoms of a nucleotide ’ s sug... | 3 ) why does the 4 ' carbon joins with the 1 ' carbon ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | a nucleotide in an rna chain will contain ribose ( the five-carbon sugar ) , one of the four nitrogenous bases ( a , u , g , or c ) , and a phosphate group . here , we 'll take a look at four major types of rna : messenger rna ( mrna ) , ribosomal rna ( rrna ) , transfer rna ( trna ) , and regulatory rnas . messenger r... | what is the different between mrna and t rna ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | how do you test for neuclic acids ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | still other rna molecules , such as tiny micrornas ( mirnas ) , act as regulators of other genes , and new types of non-protein-coding rnas are being discovered all the time . nucleotides dna and rna are polymers ( in the case of dna , often very long polymers ) , and are made up of monomers known as nucleotides . when... | so i would be correct to state that dna most directly determines which nucleotides are made by a cell ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | this allows each base to match up with its partner : when two dna sequences match in this way , such that they can stick to each other in an antiparallel fashion and form a helix , they are said to be complementary . properties of rna ribonucleic acid ( rna ) , unlike dna , is usually single-stranded . a nucleotide in ... | what are dna and rna ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | this allows each base to match up with its partner : when two dna sequences match in this way , such that they can stick to each other in an antiparallel fashion and form a helix , they are said to be complementary . properties of rna ribonucleic acid ( rna ) , unlike dna , is usually single-stranded . a nucleotide in ... | what is the relation of dna and rna ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | still other rna molecules , such as tiny micrornas ( mirnas ) , act as regulators of other genes , and new types of non-protein-coding rnas are being discovered all the time . nucleotides dna and rna are polymers ( in the case of dna , often very long polymers ) , and are made up of monomers known as nucleotides . when... | when b-dna is converted to a-dna through dehydration can the a-dna be converted back into to b-dna using polar molecules other than water ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | a nucleotide in an rna chain will contain ribose ( the five-carbon sugar ) , one of the four nitrogenous bases ( a , u , g , or c ) , and a phosphate group . here , we 'll take a look at four major types of rna : messenger rna ( mrna ) , ribosomal rna ( rrna ) , transfer rna ( trna ) , and regulatory rnas . messenger r... | should n't the corresponding rna be 3'uuaacgcg5 ' ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | however , in the rna molecule , the base t is replaced with u . for instance , if a dna coding strand has the sequence 5 ’ -aattgcgc-3 ’ , the sequence of the corresponding rna will be 5 ’ -aauugcgc-3 ’ . once an mrna has been produced , it will associate with a ribosome , a molecular machine that specializes in assemb... | is mrna fed through a ribosome in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction or 3 ' to 5 ' ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | still other rna molecules , such as tiny micrornas ( mirnas ) , act as regulators of other genes , and new types of non-protein-coding rnas are being discovered all the time . nucleotides dna and rna are polymers ( in the case of dna , often very long polymers ) , and are made up of monomers known as nucleotides . when... | is dna is present in chloriplast ? |
introduction nucleic acids , and dna in particular , are key macromolecules for the continuity of life . dna bears the hereditary information that ’ s passed on from parents to children , providing instructions for how ( and when ) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells , tissues , and... | the ribosome uses the information in the mrna to make a protein of a specific sequence , “ reading out ” the mrna ’ s nucleotides in groups of three ( called codons ) and adding a particular amino acid for each codon . ribosomal rna ( rrna ) and transfer rna ( trna ) ribosomal rna ( rrna ) is a major component of ribos... | would rrna , mrna , and trna also be classified as nucleic acids ? |
royal history rendered in brass this remarkable brass plaque , dated between 1550-1680 , depicts an oba ( or king ) and his attendants from the benin empire—a powerful kingdom located in present-day nigeria . we know that the central figure is an oba because of his distinctive coral beaded regalia . also , attendants h... | troubled legacy trade began to decline with portugal as the portuguese empire waned in the 18th century . by the 19th century , britain was seeking to make inroads with benin as a new trading partner . however , this partnership was much less mutually beneficial and was marked with frequent tension . | what types of tools were used to make plaques ? |
royal history rendered in brass this remarkable brass plaque , dated between 1550-1680 , depicts an oba ( or king ) and his attendants from the benin empire—a powerful kingdom located in present-day nigeria . we know that the central figure is an oba because of his distinctive coral beaded regalia . also , attendants h... | this convention of sizing human figures based on status is known as “ hierarchic scale ” and is found in artwork from cultures around the world and across time . the oba would have travelled with a large cohort of attendants , warriors , servants , diplomats , chieftains , and priests . the plaque originally hung along... | would n't the shields overheat and hurt the attendants hands like a modern day car would if you left it in the sun for too long ? |
royal history rendered in brass this remarkable brass plaque , dated between 1550-1680 , depicts an oba ( or king ) and his attendants from the benin empire—a powerful kingdom located in present-day nigeria . we know that the central figure is an oba because of his distinctive coral beaded regalia . also , attendants h... | we know that this plaque was one of the artworks looted in the siege because norman burrows , a known trafficker in stolen benin objects , owned it briefly during this time . this act of looting perpetrated by the british was later condemned as a criminal and violent act of british imperialism and colonialism . as such... | why was the british way of trading different from portugal and violent ? |
royal history rendered in brass this remarkable brass plaque , dated between 1550-1680 , depicts an oba ( or king ) and his attendants from the benin empire—a powerful kingdom located in present-day nigeria . we know that the central figure is an oba because of his distinctive coral beaded regalia . also , attendants h... | however , the sequence of plaques is lost to us since they were long held in storage when found by westerners in the 19th century . you may notice that the oba rides sidesaddle on horseback , which would seem to indicate a connection to oba esigie ( who ruled c. 1504-1550 ) , the first oba to travel by horse . however ... | what was the oba 's palace like when it stood ? |
located near madrid , san lorenzo de el escorial is an imposing architectural complex that is arguably the most ambitious monument constructed during the renaissance in spain . construction started in 1563 after king philip ii of spain decided to commission a funerary monument for his father , the holy roman emperor , ... | construction started in 1563 after king philip ii of spain decided to commission a funerary monument for his father , the holy roman emperor , charles v. but philip ii desired an even more complicated structure that would also function as a palace and monastery . by the time construction ended in 1584 , the complex inc... | random people living at the time ? |
are you able to digest cow ’ s milk , or are you lactose intolerant ? the ability to digest milk as an adult is thought to come from the lifestyle of our ancestors thousands of years ago . about 10,000 years ago , when dairy farming started , humans that could drink milk had an advantage over humans that couldn ’ t bec... | what is evolution ? evolution is how species experience heritable ( passed from one generation to the next ) changes in their traits over time . in order for evolutionary changes to occur , many generations over thousands to millions of years are often required - meaning , these adaptations don ’ t happen overnight ! | if evolution is `` how species experience heritable ( passed from one generation to the next ) changes in their traits over time , '' how are new traits form , such an eye or specialized organ ? |
who is this for ? this article is meant for anyone who read the last article on computing the surface area of parametric surfaces using a certain double integral , and who wants to practice this concept . you will compute the surface area of a torus ( a doughnut shape ) using this method , which requires no small amoun... | you can see this in the picture of the torus above . step 2 : compute the cross product to find the area of a parallelogram spanned by the two vectors you just found , the first step is to take their cross product . ( warning : this one gets hairy ) step 3 : find the magnitude of this cross product the cross product yo... | should the sign of the j component in step two not be positive ? |
who is this for ? this article is meant for anyone who read the last article on computing the surface area of parametric surfaces using a certain double integral , and who wants to practice this concept . you will compute the surface area of a torus ( a doughnut shape ) using this method , which requires no small amoun... | step 4 : set up the appropriate double integral which of the following represents the right bounds to place on the double integral representing surface area for this torus ? step 5 : compute the double integral congratulations these integrals are a lot of work , so pat yourself on the back for working all the way throu... | what if we compute integrals in an arbitrary dimension ? |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.