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the chain rule says : $ \dfrac { d } { dx } \left [ f\bigl ( g ( x ) \bigr ) \right ] =f'\bigl ( g ( x ) \bigr ) g ' ( x ) $ it tells us how to differentiate composite functions . quick review of composite functions a function is composite if you can write it as $ f\big ( g ( x ) \big ) $ . in other words , it is a fun... | in other words , it is a function within a function , or a function of a function . for example , $ \greend { \cos ( } \goldd { x^2 } \greend { ) } $ is composite , because if we let $ \greend { f ( x ) =\cos ( x ) } $ and $ \goldd { g ( x ) =x^2 } $ , then $ \greend { \cos ( } \goldd { x^2 } \greend { ) } =\greend { f... | in problem 1 : d/dx [ cos ( e ) ^ ( x ) ] why would n't the u ' ( x ) =xe^ ( x-1 ) ? |
the chain rule says : $ \dfrac { d } { dx } \left [ f\bigl ( g ( x ) \bigr ) \right ] =f'\bigl ( g ( x ) \bigr ) g ' ( x ) $ it tells us how to differentiate composite functions . quick review of composite functions a function is composite if you can write it as $ f\big ( g ( x ) \big ) $ . in other words , it is a fun... | this is also incorrect . the function that should be inside of $ f ' ( x ) $ is $ g ( x ) $ , not $ g ' ( x ) $ . remember : the derivative of $ \greend { f\big ( } \goldd { g ( x ) } \greend { \big ) } $ is $ \blued { f'\big ( } \goldd { g ( x ) } \blued { \big ) } \maroond { g ' ( x ) } $ . | would n't the power rule be employed here to find the prime of u ( x ) ? |
the chain rule says : $ \dfrac { d } { dx } \left [ f\bigl ( g ( x ) \bigr ) \right ] =f'\bigl ( g ( x ) \bigr ) g ' ( x ) $ it tells us how to differentiate composite functions . quick review of composite functions a function is composite if you can write it as $ f\big ( g ( x ) \big ) $ . in other words , it is a fun... | students are often confused by this sort of function and think that $ \cos ( x ) $ is the outer function . worked example of applying the chain rule let 's see how the chain rule is applied by differentiating $ h ( x ) = ( 5-6x ) ^5 $ . notice that $ h $ is a composite function : $ \begin { align } h ( x ) & amp ; = \g... | why is the chain rule created so the inner equation 's derivative is used to multiply the whole thing ? |
the chain rule says : $ \dfrac { d } { dx } \left [ f\bigl ( g ( x ) \bigr ) \right ] =f'\bigl ( g ( x ) \bigr ) g ' ( x ) $ it tells us how to differentiate composite functions . quick review of composite functions a function is composite if you can write it as $ f\big ( g ( x ) \big ) $ . in other words , it is a fun... | $ \goldd g $ is the function within $ \greend f $ , so we call $ \goldd g $ the `` inner '' function and $ \greend f $ the `` outer '' function . $ \greend { \underbrace { \cos ( ~\goldd { \overbrace { x^2 } ^ { \text { inner } } ~ } ) } _ { \text { outer } } } $ on the other hand , $ \cos ( x ) \cdot x^2 $ is not a co... | what 's the derivative of `` | sqrt ( cos x ) | `` ? |
the chain rule says : $ \dfrac { d } { dx } \left [ f\bigl ( g ( x ) \bigr ) \right ] =f'\bigl ( g ( x ) \bigr ) g ' ( x ) $ it tells us how to differentiate composite functions . quick review of composite functions a function is composite if you can write it as $ f\big ( g ( x ) \big ) $ . in other words , it is a fun... | this is also incorrect . the function that should be inside of $ f ' ( x ) $ is $ g ( x ) $ , not $ g ' ( x ) $ . remember : the derivative of $ \greend { f\big ( } \goldd { g ( x ) } \greend { \big ) } $ is $ \blued { f'\big ( } \goldd { g ( x ) } \blued { \big ) } \maroond { g ' ( x ) } $ . | what is the derivative of y= { x/ ( 1-root x ) } ^3 ? |
the chain rule says : $ \dfrac { d } { dx } \left [ f\bigl ( g ( x ) \bigr ) \right ] =f'\bigl ( g ( x ) \bigr ) g ' ( x ) $ it tells us how to differentiate composite functions . quick review of composite functions a function is composite if you can write it as $ f\big ( g ( x ) \big ) $ . in other words , it is a fun... | $ \goldd g $ is the function within $ \greend f $ , so we call $ \goldd g $ the `` inner '' function and $ \greend f $ the `` outer '' function . $ \greend { \underbrace { \cos ( ~\goldd { \overbrace { x^2 } ^ { \text { inner } } ~ } ) } _ { \text { outer } } } $ on the other hand , $ \cos ( x ) \cdot x^2 $ is not a co... | what is the derivative of [ cos ( 2x ) +cos ( 3x ) ] ? |
these types of binomial multiplication problems come up time and time again , so it 's good to be familiar with some basic patterns . the `` difference of squares '' pattern : $ ( a+b ) ( a-b ) =a^2-b^2 $ two other patterns : $ \begin { align } & amp ; ( a+b ) ^2=a^2+2ab+b^2\\ & amp ; ( a-b ) ^2=a^2-2ab+b^2 \end { alig... | these types of binomial multiplication problems come up time and time again , so it 's good to be familiar with some basic patterns . the `` difference of squares '' pattern : $ ( a+b ) ( a-b ) =a^2-b^2 $ two other patterns : $ \begin { align } & amp ; ( a+b ) ^2=a^2+2ab+b^2\\ & amp ; ( a-b ) ^2=a^2-2ab+b^2 \end { alig... | why is ( a+b ) ^2 quadratics form if this is polynomials ? |
these types of binomial multiplication problems come up time and time again , so it 's good to be familiar with some basic patterns . the `` difference of squares '' pattern : $ ( a+b ) ( a-b ) =a^2-b^2 $ two other patterns : $ \begin { align } & amp ; ( a+b ) ^2=a^2+2ab+b^2\\ & amp ; ( a-b ) ^2=a^2-2ab+b^2 \end { alig... | these types of binomial multiplication problems come up time and time again , so it 's good to be familiar with some basic patterns . the `` difference of squares '' pattern : $ ( a+b ) ( a-b ) =a^2-b^2 $ two other patterns : $ \begin { align } & amp ; ( a+b ) ^2=a^2+2ab+b^2\\ & amp ; ( a-b ) ^2=a^2-2ab+b^2 \end { alig... | how would i cube a polynomial ? |
these types of binomial multiplication problems come up time and time again , so it 's good to be familiar with some basic patterns . the `` difference of squares '' pattern : $ ( a+b ) ( a-b ) =a^2-b^2 $ two other patterns : $ \begin { align } & amp ; ( a+b ) ^2=a^2+2ab+b^2\\ & amp ; ( a-b ) ^2=a^2-2ab+b^2 \end { alig... | these types of binomial multiplication problems come up time and time again , so it 's good to be familiar with some basic patterns . the `` difference of squares '' pattern : $ ( a+b ) ( a-b ) =a^2-b^2 $ two other patterns : $ \begin { align } & amp ; ( a+b ) ^2=a^2+2ab+b^2\\ & amp ; ( a-b ) ^2=a^2-2ab+b^2 \end { alig... | is there a general formula for any binomial multiplied by any binomial ? |
key points the key concept when thinking about how to collect the most revenue is the price elasticity of demand . the price elasticity of demand also plays a key role in determining if a firm can pass the cost of key input price increases to consumers or benefit from reductions in input costs . elasticity and pricing ... | the diagrams below illustrate two possible scenarios . in diagram a on the left , the demand curve is drawn as highly inelastic . in this case , a technological breakthrough that shifts supply to the right—from $ \text { s0 } $ to $ \text { s1 } $ so that the equilibrium shifts from $ \text { e0 } $ to $ \text { e1 } $... | for the practice problem , why ca n't we shift the demand curve to the right to expand employment and shift the supply curve to the left to increase wages ? |
key points the key concept when thinking about how to collect the most revenue is the price elasticity of demand . the price elasticity of demand also plays a key role in determining if a firm can pass the cost of key input price increases to consumers or benefit from reductions in input costs . elasticity and pricing ... | in diagram b on the right , the demand curve is drawn as highly elastic . in this case , the technological breakthrough leads to a much greater quantity being sold in the market at very close to the original price . consumers benefit more , in general , when the demand curve is more inelastic because the shift in the s... | so why is efficiency very crucial in this case ? |
key points the key concept when thinking about how to collect the most revenue is the price elasticity of demand . the price elasticity of demand also plays a key role in determining if a firm can pass the cost of key input price increases to consumers or benefit from reductions in input costs . elasticity and pricing ... | a surge in production can lead to a severe drop in price that decreases the total revenue received by farmers . on the other hand , poor weather or other conditions that cause a terrible year for farm production can sharply raise prices so that the total revenue received increases . elasticity also reveals whether firm... | do n't farmers hate poor weather which badly affects their crop yields ? |
key points the key concept when thinking about how to collect the most revenue is the price elasticity of demand . the price elasticity of demand also plays a key role in determining if a firm can pass the cost of key input price increases to consumers or benefit from reductions in input costs . elasticity and pricing ... | explain your answer . review questions if demand is elastic , will shifts in supply have a larger effect on equilibrium quantity or on price ? if demand is inelastic , will shifts in supply have a larger effect on equilibrium price or on quantity ? | in review questions part : if demand is inelastic , will shifts in supply have a larger effect on equilibrium price or on quantity ? |
key points the key concept when thinking about how to collect the most revenue is the price elasticity of demand . the price elasticity of demand also plays a key role in determining if a firm can pass the cost of key input price increases to consumers or benefit from reductions in input costs . elasticity and pricing ... | can costs be passed on to consumers ? most businesses face a day-to-day struggle to figure out ways to produce at a lower cost—one pathway to their goal of earning higher profits . in some cases , however , the price of a key input over which the firm has no control may rise . | if someone is to pay 30 % of their income in rent with a monthly income of $ 1757.00 how to u figure out what their amount will be in rent for a house with rent of $ 2000.00 ? |
background : local linearization graphs second partial derivatives what we 're building to to goal , as with a local linearization , is to approximate a potentially complicated multivariable function $ f $ near some input , which i 'll write as the vector $ \textbf { x } _0 $ . a quadratic approximation does this more ... | we can now write our final quadratic approximation , with all six of its terms working in harmony to mimic the behavior of $ f $ at $ ( x_0 , y_0 ) $ : $ \begin { align } \quad q_f ( x , y ) & amp ; = f ( x_0 , y_0 ) + \ \ & amp ; \quad f_x ( x_0 , y_0 ) ( x - x_0 ) + f_y ( x_0 , y_0 ) ( y - y_0 ) + \ \ & amp ; \quad \... | in the example using sin ( x ) cos ( y ) , the second derivative with respect to y ( the last one ) is sin ( x ) cos ( y ) , but should n't it be -sin ( x ) cos ( y ) ? |
background : local linearization graphs second partial derivatives what we 're building to to goal , as with a local linearization , is to approximate a potentially complicated multivariable function $ f $ near some input , which i 'll write as the vector $ \textbf { x } _0 $ . a quadratic approximation does this more ... | we can now write our final quadratic approximation , with all six of its terms working in harmony to mimic the behavior of $ f $ at $ ( x_0 , y_0 ) $ : $ \begin { align } \quad q_f ( x , y ) & amp ; = f ( x_0 , y_0 ) + \ \ & amp ; \quad f_x ( x_0 , y_0 ) ( x - x_0 ) + f_y ( x_0 , y_0 ) ( y - y_0 ) + \ \ & amp ; \quad \... | if you have the first partial as -sin ( x ) sin ( y ) , and take the partial of that with respect to y , you get the derivative of sin ( y ) = cos ( y ) , not -cos ( y ) , right ? |
background : local linearization graphs second partial derivatives what we 're building to to goal , as with a local linearization , is to approximate a potentially complicated multivariable function $ f $ near some input , which i 'll write as the vector $ \textbf { x } _0 $ . a quadratic approximation does this more ... | background : local linearization graphs second partial derivatives what we 're building to to goal , as with a local linearization , is to approximate a potentially complicated multivariable function $ f $ near some input , which i 'll write as the vector $ \textbf { x } _0 $ . a quadratic approximation does this more ... | why did the sign change again ? |
background : local linearization graphs second partial derivatives what we 're building to to goal , as with a local linearization , is to approximate a potentially complicated multivariable function $ f $ near some input , which i 'll write as the vector $ \textbf { x } _0 $ . a quadratic approximation does this more ... | using vectors and matrices , specifically the gradient and hessian of $ f $ , we can write the quadratic approximation $ q_f $ as follows : $ \begin { align } \quad q_f ( \textbf { x } ) & amp ; = \underbrace { f ( \textbf { x } 0 ) } { \text { constant } } + \underbrace { \nabla f ( \textbf { x } 0 ) \cdot ( \textbf {... | so , could these sorts of things be used to generalise the taylor series to higher dimension ? |
background : local linearization graphs second partial derivatives what we 're building to to goal , as with a local linearization , is to approximate a potentially complicated multivariable function $ f $ near some input , which i 'll write as the vector $ \textbf { x } _0 $ . a quadratic approximation does this more ... | $ \nabla f ( \textbf { x } _0 ) $ is the gradient of $ f $ evaluated at $ \textbf { x } _0 $ . $ \textbf { h } _f ( \textbf { x } _0 ) $ is the hessian matrix of $ f $ evaluated at $ \textbf { x } _0 $ . the vector $ \textbf { x } _0 $ is a specific input , the one we are approximating near . | would we need a cubical `` hessian matrix '' analogue ? |
background : local linearization graphs second partial derivatives what we 're building to to goal , as with a local linearization , is to approximate a potentially complicated multivariable function $ f $ near some input , which i 'll write as the vector $ \textbf { x } _0 $ . a quadratic approximation does this more ... | in principle you can imagine how this might go , adding terms involving $ f_z $ , $ f_ { xz } $ , $ f_ { zz } $ , on and on with all $ 3 $ partial derivatives and all $ 9 $ second partial derivative . but this would be a total nightmare ! now imagine you were writing a program to find the quadratic approximation of a f... | and how would we define the multiplication ? |
the double page opening of the ruler portrait of otto iii ( f.24 , above right ) and the accompanying image of provinces bringing tribute ( f.23v , above left ) is taken from the gospels of otto iii ( munich , bayerische stattsbibliothek , clm.4453 ) , one of the most magnificent manuscripts to have come down to us fro... | the script is written in ink , with gold initials , and the manuscript is extensively illustrated with portraits of the four evangelists ( the authors of the four gospels ) , and scenes from the life of christ as well as the ruler portrait . the front cover is decorated with precious jewels and inset with a byzantine i... | i have a question that does n't only refer to this text , it just came back into my mind because also for the book mentioned in this text there was a part of the cover decorated with ivory , so i wonder : where did the artists at that time get the ivory from ? |
the double page opening of the ruler portrait of otto iii ( f.24 , above right ) and the accompanying image of provinces bringing tribute ( f.23v , above left ) is taken from the gospels of otto iii ( munich , bayerische stattsbibliothek , clm.4453 ) , one of the most magnificent manuscripts to have come down to us fro... | we do not know the name of the artist ( as is the case for most of the painters from this period ) but he most likely belonged to a team of craftsmen working on the manuscript . in devising the double opening , he appears not to have worked from his imagination but to have followed an earlier source such as the ruler p... | why does charles the bald have hair ? |
mother , goddess , sacrificial offering ? the coatlicue sculpture in mexico city ’ s national museum of anthropology is one of the most famous mexica ( aztec ) sculptures in existence ( her name is pronounced `` koh-at-lee-kway '' ) . standing over ten feet tall , the statue towers over onlookers as she leans toward th... | yet she still has flesh on her lips , which are open to reveal bared teeth . even with her head , this version of coatlicue still seems intimidating to us today . but was she perceived as terrifying by the aztecs or is this only a twenty-first century impression of her ? | what is the coatilicue made of , since you told in the second half of the video that even under it is designed and carved , and you still can see it in spite of it being buried twice ? |
mother , goddess , sacrificial offering ? the coatlicue sculpture in mexico city ’ s national museum of anthropology is one of the most famous mexica ( aztec ) sculptures in existence ( her name is pronounced `` koh-at-lee-kway '' ) . standing over ten feet tall , the statue towers over onlookers as she leans toward th... | but huitzilopochtli comforted her , telling her not to worry . at the moment coyolxauhqui approached her mother , huitzilopochtli was born , fully grown and armed . he sliced off his sister ’ s head , and threw her body off the mountain . | i do n't expect myths to be rational , but i 'm curious if there are versions of this myth that mentions huitzilpochtli being fully grown inside the womb ? |
mother , goddess , sacrificial offering ? the coatlicue sculpture in mexico city ’ s national museum of anthropology is one of the most famous mexica ( aztec ) sculptures in existence ( her name is pronounced `` koh-at-lee-kway '' ) . standing over ten feet tall , the statue towers over onlookers as she leans toward th... | for these reasons , they had a more ambivalent role than as simply good or bad deities , and so they were both respected and feared . created , buried , found , buried , found again after the spanish conquest , the monumental coatlicue sculpture was buried because it was considered an inappropriate pagan idol by spanis... | were there traces of blood or organic flesh found in the statue ? |
mother , goddess , sacrificial offering ? the coatlicue sculpture in mexico city ’ s national museum of anthropology is one of the most famous mexica ( aztec ) sculptures in existence ( her name is pronounced `` koh-at-lee-kway '' ) . standing over ten feet tall , the statue towers over onlookers as she leans toward th... | for example , outside of the 360-days that formed the agricultural calendar ( called the year count or xiuhpohualli ) , there were five extra “ nameless ” days . the aztecs believed this was an ominous time when bad things could happen . the tzitzimime , for instance , could descend to the earth ’ s surface and eat peo... | well of this diety , coatlicue : was she supposed to be a protector of the people ( aztecs ) or was she a godess that was to bring fear of all people , in general ? |
mother , goddess , sacrificial offering ? the coatlicue sculpture in mexico city ’ s national museum of anthropology is one of the most famous mexica ( aztec ) sculptures in existence ( her name is pronounced `` koh-at-lee-kway '' ) . standing over ten feet tall , the statue towers over onlookers as she leans toward th... | the myth does not mention her decapitation and dismemberment ( only her daughter ’ s ) , so why would this famous sculpture display her in this manner ? why was coatlicue decapitated ? more recently , a new interpretation has been offered for coatlicue ’ s appearance that is based on another myth ( recounted in differe... | does coatlicue has an refference to other goddessess in the region ? |
mother , goddess , sacrificial offering ? the coatlicue sculpture in mexico city ’ s national museum of anthropology is one of the most famous mexica ( aztec ) sculptures in existence ( her name is pronounced `` koh-at-lee-kway '' ) . standing over ten feet tall , the statue towers over onlookers as she leans toward th... | mother , goddess , sacrificial offering ? the coatlicue sculpture in mexico city ’ s national museum of anthropology is one of the most famous mexica ( aztec ) sculptures in existence ( her name is pronounced `` koh-at-lee-kway '' ) . standing over ten feet tall , the statue towers over onlookers as she leans toward th... | what kind of materials did the mexica use to build their buildings and other carvings/statues ? |
mother , goddess , sacrificial offering ? the coatlicue sculpture in mexico city ’ s national museum of anthropology is one of the most famous mexica ( aztec ) sculptures in existence ( her name is pronounced `` koh-at-lee-kway '' ) . standing over ten feet tall , the statue towers over onlookers as she leans toward th... | the rolls indicate she is a mother . a sizable necklace formed of hands and hearts largely obscures her breasts . two enormous snakes curl upwards from her neck to face one another . | why would the aztec goddess have the human hearts and hands as a necklace ? |
mother , goddess , sacrificial offering ? the coatlicue sculpture in mexico city ’ s national museum of anthropology is one of the most famous mexica ( aztec ) sculptures in existence ( her name is pronounced `` koh-at-lee-kway '' ) . standing over ten feet tall , the statue towers over onlookers as she leans toward th... | the myth does not mention her decapitation and dismemberment ( only her daughter ’ s ) , so why would this famous sculpture display her in this manner ? why was coatlicue decapitated ? more recently , a new interpretation has been offered for coatlicue ’ s appearance that is based on another myth ( recounted in differe... | is there a picture of coatlicue 's face ? |
overview historians generally recognize three motives for european exploration and colonization in the new world : god , gold , and glory . religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the crusades , the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which european christians sought to c... | overview historians generally recognize three motives for european exploration and colonization in the new world : god , gold , and glory . religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the crusades , the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which european christians sought to c... | why are women in the battle in the first picture ? |
overview historians generally recognize three motives for european exploration and colonization in the new world : god , gold , and glory . religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the crusades , the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which european christians sought to c... | what do you think ? how did the crusades influence european colonization projects ? explain the relationship between religion , commerce , and conquest at the beginning of european exploration and colonization . | how did the crusades influence european colonization projects ? |
overview historians generally recognize three motives for european exploration and colonization in the new world : god , gold , and glory . religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the crusades , the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which european christians sought to c... | overview historians generally recognize three motives for european exploration and colonization in the new world : god , gold , and glory . religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the crusades , the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which european christians sought to c... | what attack caused the retaliation of first crusade ? |
overview historians generally recognize three motives for european exploration and colonization in the new world : god , gold , and glory . religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the crusades , the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which european christians sought to c... | overview historians generally recognize three motives for european exploration and colonization in the new world : god , gold , and glory . religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the crusades , the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which european christians sought to c... | what attack caused the retaliation of the third crusade ? |
overview historians generally recognize three motives for european exploration and colonization in the new world : god , gold , and glory . religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the crusades , the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which european christians sought to c... | explain the relationship between religion , commerce , and conquest at the beginning of european exploration and colonization . imagine you are a european explorer in the 1400s . do you think you would be most motivated by religious conversion , global market opportunities , or competition with other european nations ?... | if explorers were motivated by multiple things , and you could become rich being a explorer , why would n't more people become explorers ? |
overview historians generally recognize three motives for european exploration and colonization in the new world : god , gold , and glory . religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the crusades , the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which european christians sought to c... | the portuguese fort elmina castle , located in modern-day ghana , became more of a holding pen for enslaved africans from the interior of the continent than a trading post , as the markets for slave labor in both europe and then the new world boomed . portuguese colonization in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressiv... | why do the portuguese get a monopoly ? |
overview historians generally recognize three motives for european exploration and colonization in the new world : god , gold , and glory . religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the crusades , the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which european christians sought to c... | what do you think ? how did the crusades influence european colonization projects ? explain the relationship between religion , commerce , and conquest at the beginning of european exploration and colonization . | how did the crusades influence european colonization projects ? |
introduction translation requires some specialized equipment . just as you would n't go to play tennis without your racket and ball , so a cell could n't translate an mrna into a protein without two pieces of molecular gear : ribosomes and trnas . ribosomes provide a structure in which translation can take place . they... | it surprised me to see that the ribosome is wrinkly , kind of like the surface of a brain ! the ribosome has slots for trnas as we saw briefly in the introduction , molecules called transfer rnas ( trnas ) bring amino acids to the ribosome . we 'll learn a lot more about trnas and how they work in the next section . | what happens to trna molecules when they leave a ribosome ? |
introduction translation requires some specialized equipment . just as you would n't go to play tennis without your racket and ball , so a cell could n't translate an mrna into a protein without two pieces of molecular gear : ribosomes and trnas . ribosomes provide a structure in which translation can take place . they... | ( biology is full of surprises , is n't it ? ) atypical base pairs—between nucleotides other than a-u and g-c—can form at the third position of the codon , a phenomenon known as wobble . wobble pairing does n't follow normal rules , but it does have its own rules . | what is meant by the third position in reference to the 'wobble binding ' of trna ? |
introduction translation requires some specialized equipment . just as you would n't go to play tennis without your racket and ball , so a cell could n't translate an mrna into a protein without two pieces of molecular gear : ribosomes and trnas . ribosomes provide a structure in which translation can take place . they... | ribosomes organize translation and catalyze the reaction that joins amino acids to make a protein chain . structure of the ribosome a ribosome is made up of two basic pieces : a large and a small subunit . during translation , the two subunits come together around a mrna molecule , forming a complete ribosome . | where do the proteins come from that the ribosome is made of ? |
introduction translation requires some specialized equipment . just as you would n't go to play tennis without your racket and ball , so a cell could n't translate an mrna into a protein without two pieces of molecular gear : ribosomes and trnas . ribosomes provide a structure in which translation can take place . they... | you can think of it as a kind of molecular `` bridge '' between the two . each trna contains a set of three nucleotides called an anticodon . the anticodon of a given trna can bind to one or a few specific mrna codons . | why is the polarity of the anticodon shown to be from 3'- > 5 ' ? |
introduction translation requires some specialized equipment . just as you would n't go to play tennis without your racket and ball , so a cell could n't translate an mrna into a protein without two pieces of molecular gear : ribosomes and trnas . ribosomes provide a structure in which translation can take place . they... | for instance , a g in the anticodon can pair with a c or u ( but not an a or g ) in the third position of the codon , as shown below $ ^4 $ . rules like this ensure codons are read correctly despite wobble . you may be wondering : why on earth would a cell `` want '' a complicating factor like wobble ? | does the wobble position apply to start and stop codons as well ? |
introduction translation requires some specialized equipment . just as you would n't go to play tennis without your racket and ball , so a cell could n't translate an mrna into a protein without two pieces of molecular gear : ribosomes and trnas . ribosomes provide a structure in which translation can take place . they... | ribosomes organize translation and catalyze the reaction that joins amino acids to make a protein chain . structure of the ribosome a ribosome is made up of two basic pieces : a large and a small subunit . during translation , the two subunits come together around a mrna molecule , forming a complete ribosome . the rib... | how does the ribosome attach to the mrna ? |
introduction translation requires some specialized equipment . just as you would n't go to play tennis without your racket and ball , so a cell could n't translate an mrna into a protein without two pieces of molecular gear : ribosomes and trnas . ribosomes provide a structure in which translation can take place . they... | you can think of it as a kind of molecular `` bridge '' between the two . each trna contains a set of three nucleotides called an anticodon . the anticodon of a given trna can bind to one or a few specific mrna codons . the trna molecule also carries an amino acid : specifically , the one encoded by the codons that the... | does trna have thymine and uracil , or just uracil when it binds to mrna ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | in plants , chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the main photosynthetic pigments . chlorophyll molecules absorb blue and red wavelengths , as shown by the peaks in the absorption spectra above . structurally , chlorophyll molecules include a hydrophobic ( `` water-fearing '' ) tail that inserts into the thylakoid membr... | is the lumen really space or does it just absorb all other wavelengths and appear empty ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | chlorophyll molecules absorb blue and red wavelengths , as shown by the peaks in the absorption spectra above . structurally , chlorophyll molecules include a hydrophobic ( `` water-fearing '' ) tail that inserts into the thylakoid membrane and a porphyrin ring head ( a circular group of atoms surrounding a magnesium i... | i have a few questions : 1 ) how exactly is the water bond broken between hydrogen and oxygen ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | types of radiation with short wavelengths have high-energy photons , whereas types of radiation with long wavelengths have low-energy photons . pigments absorb light used in photosynthesis in photosynthesis , the sun ’ s energy is converted to chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms . however , the various waveleng... | 2 ) is n't the electron used to pump hydrogen ions inside the lumen because of the attractiveness ( +plus attracts -negative ) to compel h+ ions to enter the lumen ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | although both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b absorb light , chlorophyll a plays a unique and crucial role in converting light energy to chemical energy ( as you can explore in the light-dependent reactions article ) . all photosynthetic plants , algae , and cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll a , whereas only plants and... | 3 ) where does the phosphate come to produce atp ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | each particle of electromagnetic radiation , called a photon , has certain amount of energy . types of radiation with short wavelengths have high-energy photons , whereas types of radiation with long wavelengths have low-energy photons . pigments absorb light used in photosynthesis in photosynthesis , the sun ’ s energ... | why are wavelengths and pigments important for photosynthesis ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | although both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b absorb light , chlorophyll a plays a unique and crucial role in converting light energy to chemical energy ( as you can explore in the light-dependent reactions article ) . all photosynthetic plants , algae , and cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll a , whereas only plants and... | are the plants responsible for producing enough chloroplasts or it is just chloroplast to decide when to copy itself ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . plants , on the other hand , are experts at capturing light energy and using it to make sugars through a process called photosynthesis . this ... | does the process also called a mitosis for the division of a chloroplast ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | here , we ’ ll consider light as a form of energy , and we 'll also see how pigments – such as the chlorophylls that make plants green – absorb that energy . what is light energy ? light is a form of electromagnetic radiation , a type of energy that travels in waves . | what type of energy is light ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | each particle of electromagnetic radiation , called a photon , has certain amount of energy . types of radiation with short wavelengths have high-energy photons , whereas types of radiation with long wavelengths have low-energy photons . pigments absorb light used in photosynthesis in photosynthesis , the sun ’ s energ... | how can you tell the wavelengths ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | types of radiation with short wavelengths have high-energy photons , whereas types of radiation with long wavelengths have low-energy photons . pigments absorb light used in photosynthesis in photosynthesis , the sun ’ s energy is converted to chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms . however , the various waveleng... | why is it impossible to carry out photosynthesis in the lab ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | chlorophylls there are five main types of chlorophylls : chlorophylls a , b , c and d , plus a related molecule found in prokaryotes called bacteriochlorophyll . in plants , chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the main photosynthetic pigments . chlorophyll molecules absorb blue and red wavelengths , as shown by the pea... | why is chlorophyll a and b often considered the main plant pigments for photosynthesis and carotenoids and xanthophylls are helper pigments ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | the brightly colored carotenoids found in fruit—such as the red of tomato ( lycopene ) , the yellow of corn seeds ( zeaxanthin ) , or the orange of an orange peel ( β-carotene ) —are often used as advertisements to attract animals , which can help disperse the plant 's seeds . in photosynthesis , carotenoids help captu... | which type of light is most important to plants for photosynthesis and why ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | types of radiation with short wavelengths have high-energy photons , whereas types of radiation with long wavelengths have low-energy photons . pigments absorb light used in photosynthesis in photosynthesis , the sun ’ s energy is converted to chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms . however , the various waveleng... | what allows plants to absorb sunlight and convert it to chemical energy ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | it includes electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength is between about 400 nm and 700 nm . visible light from the sun appears white , but it ’ s actually made up of multiple wavelengths ( colors ) of light . you can see these different colors when white light passes through a prism : because the different wavelengths ... | is infared on the light scale of colors ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | here , we ’ ll consider light as a form of energy , and we 'll also see how pigments – such as the chlorophylls that make plants green – absorb that energy . what is light energy ? light is a form of electromagnetic radiation , a type of energy that travels in waves . | in the paragraph of `` what is light energy ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | in plants , chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the main photosynthetic pigments . chlorophyll molecules absorb blue and red wavelengths , as shown by the peaks in the absorption spectra above . structurally , chlorophyll molecules include a hydrophobic ( `` water-fearing '' ) tail that inserts into the thylakoid membr... | so will the colors like blue or purple cause plants to photosynthesis faster than colors like red and yellow ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | chlorophylls there are five main types of chlorophylls : chlorophylls a , b , c and d , plus a related molecule found in prokaryotes called bacteriochlorophyll . in plants , chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the main photosynthetic pigments . chlorophyll molecules absorb blue and red wavelengths , as shown by the pea... | is chlorophyll a the only pigment that is found in the primary reaction centre in a photosystem ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | however , the various wavelengths in sunlight are not all used equally in photosynthesis . instead , photosynthetic organisms contain light-absorbing molecules called pigments that absorb only specific wavelengths of visible light , while reflecting others . the set of wavelengths absorbed by a pigment is its absorptio... | can the color pigments absorbing visible spectrum be distilled and obtained to mix in materials to enhance their color absorbing properties ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | the use of accessory pigments allows a broader range of wavelengths to be absorbed , and thus , more energy to be captured from sunlight . carotenoids carotenoids are another key group of pigments that absorb violet and blue-green light ( see spectrum graph above ) . the brightly colored carotenoids found in fruit—such... | when equal intensities of light are given , there is more photosynthesis in red than in blue part of action spectrum.why ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | in plants , chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the main photosynthetic pigments . chlorophyll molecules absorb blue and red wavelengths , as shown by the peaks in the absorption spectra above . structurally , chlorophyll molecules include a hydrophobic ( `` water-fearing '' ) tail that inserts into the thylakoid membr... | what is special that is within red and blue wavelengths , that is so crucial in photosynthesis ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | an excited pigment is unstable , and it has various `` options '' available for becoming more stable . for instance , it may transfer either its extra energy or its excited electron to a neighboring molecule . we 'll see how both of these processes work in the next section : the light-dependent reactions . | how can a water molecule be actually go inside to the photosystem ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | chlorophyll molecules absorb blue and red wavelengths , as shown by the peaks in the absorption spectra above . structurally , chlorophyll molecules include a hydrophobic ( `` water-fearing '' ) tail that inserts into the thylakoid membrane and a porphyrin ring head ( a circular group of atoms surrounding a magnesium i... | what is the procedure for water to get into the ps ii ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | in plants , chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the main photosynthetic pigments . chlorophyll molecules absorb blue and red wavelengths , as shown by the peaks in the absorption spectra above . structurally , chlorophyll molecules include a hydrophobic ( `` water-fearing '' ) tail that inserts into the thylakoid membr... | in the image showing the absorption spectra , why is blue light absorbed the most in chlorophyll ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | you can see these different colors when white light passes through a prism : because the different wavelengths of light are bent at different angles as they pass through the prism , they spread out and form what we see as a rainbow . red light has the longest wavelength and the least energy , while violet light has the... | why is n't violet or red the most absorbed colors ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | the use of accessory pigments allows a broader range of wavelengths to be absorbed , and thus , more energy to be captured from sunlight . carotenoids carotenoids are another key group of pigments that absorb violet and blue-green light ( see spectrum graph above ) . the brightly colored carotenoids found in fruit—such... | and why are their sudden leaps and rises as seen in the graph ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | in plants , chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the main photosynthetic pigments . chlorophyll molecules absorb blue and red wavelengths , as shown by the peaks in the absorption spectra above . structurally , chlorophyll molecules include a hydrophobic ( `` water-fearing '' ) tail that inserts into the thylakoid membr... | why not a negative linear change in absorption rate till it gets to green then a positive linear change till it gets to red ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | the set of wavelengths that a pigment does n't absorb are reflected , and the reflected light is what we see as color . for instance , plants appear green to us because they contain many chlorophyll a and b molecules , which reflect green light . most photosynthetic organisms have a variety of different pigments , so t... | if all plants contain chlorophyll a and b , then what causes a difference in intensity of the green pigmentation in the leaves ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | in plants , chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the main photosynthetic pigments . chlorophyll molecules absorb blue and red wavelengths , as shown by the peaks in the absorption spectra above . structurally , chlorophyll molecules include a hydrophobic ( `` water-fearing '' ) tail that inserts into the thylakoid membr... | on the `` absorption of spectra pigments '' graph , how come there are n't any large peaks from the green to yellow area ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | the use of accessory pigments allows a broader range of wavelengths to be absorbed , and thus , more energy to be captured from sunlight . carotenoids carotenoids are another key group of pigments that absorb violet and blue-green light ( see spectrum graph above ) . the brightly colored carotenoids found in fruit—such... | in the blue , blue-green , and red areas the absorption of light is significantly higher than the green and yellow ares , why is that or what causes that ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | in plants , chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the main photosynthetic pigments . chlorophyll molecules absorb blue and red wavelengths , as shown by the peaks in the absorption spectra above . structurally , chlorophyll molecules include a hydrophobic ( `` water-fearing '' ) tail that inserts into the thylakoid membr... | so if the plant were to be of underwater nature , for example , elodea canandesis , what different wavelengths ( green , red , blue ) would have the fastest photosynthetic rates ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . plants , on the other hand , are experts at capturing light energy and using it to make sugars through a process called photosynthesis . this ... | what is a radiationless de-excitation process ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | although both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b absorb light , chlorophyll a plays a unique and crucial role in converting light energy to chemical energy ( as you can explore in the light-dependent reactions article ) . all photosynthetic plants , algae , and cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll a , whereas only plants and... | which such wave lengths do plants use ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | carotenoids in chloroplasts help absorb the excess energy and dissipate it as heat . what does it mean for a pigment to absorb light ? when a pigment absorbs a photon of light , it becomes excited , meaning that it has extra energy and is no longer in its normal , or ground , state . | which pigment molecule captures most light in planta ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | carotenoids in chloroplasts help absorb the excess energy and dissipate it as heat . what does it mean for a pigment to absorb light ? when a pigment absorbs a photon of light , it becomes excited , meaning that it has extra energy and is no longer in its normal , or ground , state . | where specifically are these pigment molecules located ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | however , the various wavelengths in sunlight are not all used equally in photosynthesis . instead , photosynthetic organisms contain light-absorbing molecules called pigments that absorb only specific wavelengths of visible light , while reflecting others . the set of wavelengths absorbed by a pigment is its absorptio... | how come the chlorophyll pigments do n't absorb all the colors of the visible light spectrum ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | in the diagram below , you can see the absorption spectra of three key pigments in photosynthesis : chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and β-carotene . the set of wavelengths that a pigment does n't absorb are reflected , and the reflected light is what we see as color . for instance , plants appear green to us because th... | why do n't plants absorb green light ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | the set of wavelengths that a pigment does n't absorb are reflected , and the reflected light is what we see as color . for instance , plants appear green to us because they contain many chlorophyll a and b molecules , which reflect green light . most photosynthetic organisms have a variety of different pigments , so t... | why are most plants green and not yellow-orange ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | structurally , chlorophyll molecules include a hydrophobic ( `` water-fearing '' ) tail that inserts into the thylakoid membrane and a porphyrin ring head ( a circular group of atoms surrounding a magnesium ion ) that absorbs light $ ^1 $ . although both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b absorb light , chlorophyll a play... | what part of the chlorophyll molecule reflects light and how does it do this ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | because of the central role of chlorophyll a in photosynthesis , all pigments used in addition to chlorophyll a are known as accessory pigments—including other chlorophylls , as well as other classes of pigments like the carotenoids . the use of accessory pigments allows a broader range of wavelengths to be absorbed , ... | why do they need broader range of wavelengths to capture more energy ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | here , we ’ ll consider light as a form of energy , and we 'll also see how pigments – such as the chlorophylls that make plants green – absorb that energy . what is light energy ? light is a form of electromagnetic radiation , a type of energy that travels in waves . | if a pigment - on a subatomic level - has an energy gap that can be met by or excited by a minimum of 700 nm of light.so can it absorb light of 400 nm ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | chlorophylls there are five main types of chlorophylls : chlorophylls a , b , c and d , plus a related molecule found in prokaryotes called bacteriochlorophyll . in plants , chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the main photosynthetic pigments . chlorophyll molecules absorb blue and red wavelengths , as shown by the pea... | dose it mean chlorophyll be non polar molecule ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . | so why dose it dissolve in polar solvent such as acetone ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . plants , on the other hand , are experts at capturing light energy and using it to make sugars through a process called photosynthesis . this ... | which wavelengths of light are needed for plants for photosynthesis ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | types of radiation with short wavelengths have high-energy photons , whereas types of radiation with long wavelengths have low-energy photons . pigments absorb light used in photosynthesis in photosynthesis , the sun ’ s energy is converted to chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms . however , the various waveleng... | what wavelengths of light are involved in photosynthesis ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | other kinds of electromagnetic radiation that we encounter in our daily lives include radio waves , microwaves , and x-rays . together , all the types of electromagnetic radiation make up the electromagnetic spectrum . every electromagnetic wave has a particular wavelength , or distance from one crest to the next , and... | what part of the electromagnetic spectrum are they found in ? |
introduction if you 've ever stayed out too long in the sun and gotten a sunburn , you 're probably well aware of the sun 's immense energy . unfortunately , the human body ca n't make much use of solar energy , aside from producing a little vitamin d ( a vitamin synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight ) . ... | types of radiation with short wavelengths have high-energy photons , whereas types of radiation with long wavelengths have low-energy photons . pigments absorb light used in photosynthesis in photosynthesis , the sun ’ s energy is converted to chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms . however , the various waveleng... | what affects the rate of photosynthesis ? |
small beginnings big things can have small beginnings . if the `` big thing '' in this instance is american art , then one could argue that one of the most profound `` small beginnings '' was the arrival of john smibert in boston in 1729 . indeed , smibert ’ s artistic influence in the american colonies extended far be... | at the end of his time studying at the london academy , smibert might have pursued a formal apprenticeship with a portraitist . instead , the aspiring painter returned to edinburgh . there he met sir francis grant , baronet of monymusk , a well-to-do lawyer . | what is a coach painter ? |
small beginnings big things can have small beginnings . if the `` big thing '' in this instance is american art , then one could argue that one of the most profound `` small beginnings '' was the arrival of john smibert in boston in 1729 . indeed , smibert ’ s artistic influence in the american colonies extended far be... | small beginnings big things can have small beginnings . if the `` big thing '' in this instance is american art , then one could argue that one of the most profound `` small beginnings '' was the arrival of john smibert in boston in 1729 . | someone who paints coaches ; that is , a horse-drawn carriage ? |
small beginnings big things can have small beginnings . if the `` big thing '' in this instance is american art , then one could argue that one of the most profound `` small beginnings '' was the arrival of john smibert in boston in 1729 . indeed , smibert ’ s artistic influence in the american colonies extended far be... | in doing so , he moved from a town of less than 40,000 inhabitants to a thriving and bustling city of more than 500,000 . as the economic , political , and cultural center of great britain , london teemed with talented portraitists . many of these artists were influenced by a triad of foreign-born portraitists : the ge... | was there a war going on in britain or something else that was getting more attention in the parliamentary budget ? |
what you should be familiar with before taking this lesson a matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers into rows and columns . each number in a matrix is referred to as a matrix element or entry . if this is new to you , you might want to check out our intro to matrices . you should also make sure you know how to ... | scalars and scalar multiplication when we work with matrices , we refer to real numbers as scalars . the term scalar multiplication refers to the product of a real number and a matrix . in scalar multiplication , each entry in the matrix is multiplied by the given scalar . for example , given that $ a= { \left [ \begin... | what about scalar division , ie division of a matrix by a real number ? |
what you should be familiar with before taking this lesson a matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers into rows and columns . each number in a matrix is referred to as a matrix element or entry . if this is new to you , you might want to check out our intro to matrices . you should also make sure you know how to ... | this article explores how this works . scalars and scalar multiplication when we work with matrices , we refer to real numbers as scalars . the term scalar multiplication refers to the product of a real number and a matrix . in scalar multiplication , each entry in the matrix is multiplied by the given scalar . for exa... | will the same rules apply as in scalar multiplication ? |
what you should be familiar with before taking this lesson a matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers into rows and columns . each number in a matrix is referred to as a matrix element or entry . if this is new to you , you might want to check out our intro to matrices . you should also make sure you know how to ... | scalars and scalar multiplication when we work with matrices , we refer to real numbers as scalars . the term scalar multiplication refers to the product of a real number and a matrix . in scalar multiplication , each entry in the matrix is multiplied by the given scalar . for example , given that $ a= { \left [ \begin... | but what happens when that scalar is an imaginary number ? |
what you should be familiar with before taking this lesson a matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers into rows and columns . each number in a matrix is referred to as a matrix element or entry . if this is new to you , you might want to check out our intro to matrices . you should also make sure you know how to ... | what you should be familiar with before taking this lesson a matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers into rows and columns . each number in a matrix is referred to as a matrix element or entry . if this is new to you , you might want to check out our intro to matrices . | will the multiplication of the imaginary number with the matrix be defined as undefined ? |
what you should be familiar with before taking this lesson a matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers into rows and columns . each number in a matrix is referred to as a matrix element or entry . if this is new to you , you might want to check out our intro to matrices . you should also make sure you know how to ... | the term scalar multiplication refers to the product of a real number and a matrix . in scalar multiplication , each entry in the matrix is multiplied by the given scalar . for example , given that $ a= { \left [ \begin { array } { rr } { 10 } & amp ; 6 \ 4 & amp ; 3 \end { array } \right ] } $ , let 's find $ 2a $ . | can anyone explain clearly with example on how to do fractional scalar division ? |
what you should be familiar with before taking this lesson a matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers into rows and columns . each number in a matrix is referred to as a matrix element or entry . if this is new to you , you might want to check out our intro to matrices . you should also make sure you know how to ... | therefore , we can interpret scalar multiplication in the same way as we interpret multiplication with real numbers – as repeated matrix addition ! solving matrix equations a matrix equation is simply an equation in which the variable stands for a matrix . for example , the equation below is a matrix equation . | however , it gives me this question ; can we multiplicate between matrix and matrix ? |
what you should be familiar with before taking this lesson a matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers into rows and columns . each number in a matrix is referred to as a matrix element or entry . if this is new to you , you might want to check out our intro to matrices . you should also make sure you know how to ... | what you should be familiar with before taking this lesson a matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers into rows and columns . each number in a matrix is referred to as a matrix element or entry . if this is new to you , you might want to check out our intro to matrices . | can a matrix number be in a fraction form ? |
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