context
stringlengths
545
71.9k
questionsrc
stringlengths
16
10.2k
question
stringlengths
11
563
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope . before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in ...
before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in x } } } } $ let 's draw a line through two general points $ ( \greend { x_1 } , \goldd { y_1 } ) $ and $ ( \greend { x_2 } , \goldd { y_2 } ) $ . an expression for $ \...
why do we always take change in y over change in x ?
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope . before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in ...
we did it ! using the slope formula let 's use the slope formula to find the slope of the line that goes through the points $ ( 2,1 ) $ and $ ( 4 , 7 ) $ . step 1 : identify the values of $ x_1 $ , $ x_2 $ , $ y_1 $ , and $ y_2 $ .
why is the slope formula y/x ?
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope . before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in ...
we did it ! using the slope formula let 's use the slope formula to find the slope of the line that goes through the points $ ( 2,1 ) $ and $ ( 4 , 7 ) $ . step 1 : identify the values of $ x_1 $ , $ x_2 $ , $ y_1 $ , and $ y_2 $ .
in the very last part , why is the formula for slope delta y/delta x instead of delta x/ delta y ?
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope . before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in ...
we did it ! using the slope formula let 's use the slope formula to find the slope of the line that goes through the points $ ( 2,1 ) $ and $ ( 4 , 7 ) $ . step 1 : identify the values of $ x_1 $ , $ x_2 $ , $ y_1 $ , and $ y_2 $ .
in the formula mx+b=y , i understand that `` m '' is the slope and `` b '' is the y-intercept , but what is x and y ?
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope . before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in ...
let 's practice ! something to think about what happens in the slope formula when $ x_2 = x_1 $ ? as a reminder , here is the slope formula : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { y_2 - y_1 } { x_2 - x_1 } $ feel free to discuss in the comments below !
what happens when y2 = y1 ?
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope . before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in ...
we did it ! using the slope formula let 's use the slope formula to find the slope of the line that goes through the points $ ( 2,1 ) $ and $ ( 4 , 7 ) $ . step 1 : identify the values of $ x_1 $ , $ x_2 $ , $ y_1 $ , and $ y_2 $ .
so , the truth is , we can not use the integer divided by 0 am i correct ?
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope . before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in ...
we did it ! using the slope formula let 's use the slope formula to find the slope of the line that goes through the points $ ( 2,1 ) $ and $ ( 4 , 7 ) $ . step 1 : identify the values of $ x_1 $ , $ x_2 $ , $ y_1 $ , and $ y_2 $ .
is the slope formula equivalent to y=mx+b ?
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope . before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in ...
we did it ! using the slope formula let 's use the slope formula to find the slope of the line that goes through the points $ ( 2,1 ) $ and $ ( 4 , 7 ) $ . step 1 : identify the values of $ x_1 $ , $ x_2 $ , $ y_1 $ , and $ y_2 $ .
or is the slope formula equivalent to the value of variable m ?
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope . before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in ...
before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in x } } } } $ let 's draw a line through two general points $ ( \greend { x_1 } , \goldd { y_1 } ) $ and $ ( \greend { x_2 } , \goldd { y_2 } ) $ . an expression for $ \...
why do we always take change in y over change in x why not vice versa ?
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope . before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in ...
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope .
is x2 always larger than x1 ?
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope . before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in ...
$ \text { slope } = \dfrac { y_2 - y_1 } { x_2 - x_1 } = \dfrac { 7 - 1 } { 4 - 2 } = \dfrac62 = 3 $ step 3 : gut check . make sure this slope makes sense by thinking about the points on the coordinate plane . yup !
does the order of the two points matter ?
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope . before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in ...
this slope seems to make sense since the slope is positive , and the line is increasing . using the slope formula walkthrough let 's use the slope formula to find the slope of the line that goes through the points $ ( 6 , -3 ) $ and $ ( 1 , 7 ) $ . step 1 : identify the values of $ x_1 $ , $ x_2 $ , $ y_1 $ , and $ y_2...
in the `` using the slope formula walkthrough '' section , how do know which point to assign each variable to ?
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope . before we start , let 's remember how slope is defined : $ \text { slope } = \dfrac { \goldd { \text { change in y } } } { { \greend { \text { change in ...
it 's kind of annoying to have to draw a graph every time we want to find the slope of a line , is n't it ? we can avoid this by writing a general formula for slope .
so x2 will never be equal to x1 ?
overview in the postwar era , many americans moved away from cities and into suburbs , helped by gi bill benefits that guarantied home loans . techniques of mass production made it possible to build homes faster and cheaper than ever before . using an assembly-line system , the construction firm levitt and sons built t...
what do you think ? are the gi bill benefits that financed suburban housing similar to new deal programs , or different from them ? why ?
are the gi bill benefits that financed suburban housing similar to new deal programs , or different from them , why ?
overview in the postwar era , many americans moved away from cities and into suburbs , helped by gi bill benefits that guarantied home loans . techniques of mass production made it possible to build homes faster and cheaper than ever before . using an assembly-line system , the construction firm levitt and sons built t...
overview in the postwar era , many americans moved away from cities and into suburbs , helped by gi bill benefits that guarantied home loans . techniques of mass production made it possible to build homes faster and cheaper than ever before .
where did the term keeping up with the jonses come from ?
overview in the postwar era , many americans moved away from cities and into suburbs , helped by gi bill benefits that guarantied home loans . techniques of mass production made it possible to build homes faster and cheaper than ever before . using an assembly-line system , the construction firm levitt and sons built t...
why ? do you think the assembly-line techniques used to build levittown houses were a positive or negative development overall ? consider the impact on construction workers , families , and prices .
is levittown an actual place , a phrase , or both ?
overview in the postwar era , many americans moved away from cities and into suburbs , helped by gi bill benefits that guarantied home loans . techniques of mass production made it possible to build homes faster and cheaper than ever before . using an assembly-line system , the construction firm levitt and sons built t...
due to low prices and veterans ' benefits , more americans could afford to own homes than ever before . suburbia in the postwar era the american dream : 2.5 kids , a dog , and a house with a white-picket fence . it 's one of the most iconic and enduring images in american culture , the object of both praise ( as eviden...
if this was the time of the baby boom , why does the `` american dream '' that kim wrote of say only 2.5 kids ?
overview in the postwar era , many americans moved away from cities and into suburbs , helped by gi bill benefits that guarantied home loans . techniques of mass production made it possible to build homes faster and cheaper than ever before . using an assembly-line system , the construction firm levitt and sons built t...
why ? do you think the assembly-line techniques used to build levittown houses were a positive or negative development overall ? consider the impact on construction workers , families , and prices .
what does levittown looks like today ?
introduction you can sometimes have too much of a good thing . for instance , consider ice cream sandwiches . maybe you really like ice cream sandwiches and buy a bunch of them at the store . if you ’ re very hungry , that might be a good choice : you can eat them all quickly , before they melt . if you ’ re only a lit...
binding of a regulator to the allosteric site of an enzyme changes its structure , making it more or less active . the molecules that bind cellular respiration enzymes act as signals , giving the enzyme information about the cell 's energy state . atp , adp , and nadh are examples of molecules that regulate cellular re...
can someone tell me if cellular respiration is similar to photosynthesis ?
introduction you can sometimes have too much of a good thing . for instance , consider ice cream sandwiches . maybe you really like ice cream sandwiches and buy a bunch of them at the store . if you ’ re very hungry , that might be a good choice : you can eat them all quickly , before they melt . if you ’ re only a lit...
if citrate builds up , this is a sign that glycolysis can slow down , because the citric acid cycle is backed up and doesn ’ t need more fuel . pyruvate oxidation the next key control point comes after glycolysis , when pyruvate is converted to acetyl coa . this conversion step is irreversible in many organisms and con...
in this entire cellular respiration section , i have n't been able to figure this out : if the anaerobic glycolysis occurs , does pyruvate oxidation and the krebs cycle continue ?
introduction you can sometimes have too much of a good thing . for instance , consider ice cream sandwiches . maybe you really like ice cream sandwiches and buy a bunch of them at the store . if you ’ re very hungry , that might be a good choice : you can eat them all quickly , before they melt . if you ’ re only a lit...
this is a case of feedback inhibition , in which a product `` feeds back '' to shut down its pathway . regulation of glycolysis several steps in glycolysis are regulated , but the most important control point is the third step of the pathway , which is catalyzed by an enzyme called phosphofructokinase ( pfk ) . this re...
or are the last 3 steps only able to occur with aerobic glycolysis ?
introduction you can sometimes have too much of a good thing . for instance , consider ice cream sandwiches . maybe you really like ice cream sandwiches and buy a bunch of them at the store . if you ’ re very hungry , that might be a good choice : you can eat them all quickly , before they melt . if you ’ re only a lit...
pfk is regulated by atp , an adp derivative called amp , and citrate , as well as some other molecules we wo n't discuss here . atp . atp is a negative regulator of pfk , which makes sense : if there is already plenty of atp in the cell , glycolysis does not need to make more .
why is it essential that the enzymes that catalyze steps 1 and 2 are not inhibited when atp concentrations are high ?
introduction you can sometimes have too much of a good thing . for instance , consider ice cream sandwiches . maybe you really like ice cream sandwiches and buy a bunch of them at the store . if you ’ re very hungry , that might be a good choice : you can eat them all quickly , before they melt . if you ’ re only a lit...
this ensures that acetyl coa is made only when it ’ s needed ( and when there 's plenty of pyruvate available ) $ ^4 $ . citric acid cycle entry into the citric acid cycle is largely controlled through pyruvate dehydrogenase ( above ) , the enzyme that produces acetyl coa . however , there are two additional steps in t...
why ca n't cells in anaerobic conditions enter the krebs cycle ?
introduction you can sometimes have too much of a good thing . for instance , consider ice cream sandwiches . maybe you really like ice cream sandwiches and buy a bunch of them at the store . if you ’ re very hungry , that might be a good choice : you can eat them all quickly , before they melt . if you ’ re only a lit...
adenosine monophosphate ( amp ) is a positive regulator of pfk . when a cell is very low on atp , it will start squeezing more atp out of adp molecules by converting them to atp and amp ( adp + adp $ \rightarrow $ atp + amp ) . high levels of amp mean that the cell is starved for energy , and that glycolysis must run q...
so , does the cell mistakenly use adp in place of atp when it 's low on the latter ?
introduction you can sometimes have too much of a good thing . for instance , consider ice cream sandwiches . maybe you really like ice cream sandwiches and buy a bunch of them at the store . if you ’ re very hungry , that might be a good choice : you can eat them all quickly , before they melt . if you ’ re only a lit...
adenosine monophosphate ( amp ) is a positive regulator of pfk . when a cell is very low on atp , it will start squeezing more atp out of adp molecules by converting them to atp and amp ( adp + adp $ \rightarrow $ atp + amp ) . high levels of amp mean that the cell is starved for energy , and that glycolysis must run q...
how does cell know the concentration of atp , adp etc ?
introduction you can sometimes have too much of a good thing . for instance , consider ice cream sandwiches . maybe you really like ice cream sandwiches and buy a bunch of them at the store . if you ’ re very hungry , that might be a good choice : you can eat them all quickly , before they melt . if you ’ re only a lit...
atp and nadh make this enzyme less active , while adp makes it more active . so , more acetyl coa is made when energy stores are low . pyruvate dehydrogenase is also activated by its substrate , pyruvate , and inhibited by its product , acetyl coa .
if the acetyl-coa was n't functional in a plant cell , what would the specific outcome be ?
introduction you can sometimes have too much of a good thing . for instance , consider ice cream sandwiches . maybe you really like ice cream sandwiches and buy a bunch of them at the store . if you ’ re very hungry , that might be a good choice : you can eat them all quickly , before they melt . if you ’ re only a lit...
high levels of amp mean that the cell is starved for energy , and that glycolysis must run quickly to replenish atp $ ^2 $ . citrate . citrate , the first product of the citric acid cycle , can also inhibit pfk .
how does citrate come out of the mitochondria ?
introduction you can sometimes have too much of a good thing . for instance , consider ice cream sandwiches . maybe you really like ice cream sandwiches and buy a bunch of them at the store . if you ’ re very hungry , that might be a good choice : you can eat them all quickly , before they melt . if you ’ re only a lit...
binding of a regulator to the allosteric site of an enzyme changes its structure , making it more or less active . the molecules that bind cellular respiration enzymes act as signals , giving the enzyme information about the cell 's energy state . atp , adp , and nadh are examples of molecules that regulate cellular re...
what does n't fermentation require that cellular respiration does require ?
a landscape transformed in red and white plum blossoms , ogata kôrin transforms a very simple landscape theme—two flowering trees on either side of a brook—into a dream vision . executed in black ink and blotchy washes of gem-like mineral color on a pair of folding screens , the image seems both abstract and realistic ...
entranced by a few of sôtatsu ’ s paintings that he saw in the collection of a patron , kôrin taught himself the techniques : images pared to bare essentials and then dramatically magnified , emphasis on the interplay of forms , colors , and textures , and unconventional adaptations of ink painting methods . these meth...
what exact methods were used for this piece ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
that 's a feat `` geometrically equivalent to packing $ 40 $ km ( $ 24 $ miles ) of extremely fine thread into a tennis ball '' $ ^4 $ ! ribosomes as mentioned above , ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis . a ribosome is made out of rna and proteins , and each ribosome consists of two ...
are translation and protein synthesis the same thing ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
eukaryotic dna never leaves the nucleus ; instead , it ’ s transcribed ( copied ) into rna molecules , which may then travel out of the nucleus . in the cytosol , some rnas associate with structures called ribosomes , where they direct synthesis of proteins . ( other rnas play functional roles in the cell , serving as ...
can we compare nucleoplasm to cytosol ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
how do you make a ribosome ? some chromosomes have sections of dna that encode ribosomal rna , a type of structural rna that combines with proteins to make the ribosome . in the nucleolus , new ribosomal rna combines with proteins to form the subunits of the ribosome .
what does the 'deoxy ' prefix to the full name of dna signify , in contrast to rna ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
how do you make a ribosome ? some chromosomes have sections of dna that encode ribosomal rna , a type of structural rna that combines with proteins to make the ribosome . in the nucleolus , new ribosomal rna combines with proteins to form the subunits of the ribosome .
so if rna contains uracil instead of thymine as a base pair for adenine as in dna , but it is sections of dna that encode rna production ... .what process leads to uracil replacing thymine in the rna production process ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
ribosomes as mentioned above , ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis . a ribosome is made out of rna and proteins , and each ribosome consists of two separate rna-protein complexes , known as the small and large subunits . the large subunit sits on top of the small subunit , with an rna...
what is rna made of ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
every eukaryotic species has a specific number of chromosomes in the nuclei of its body ’ s cells . for example , a typical human body cell would have $ 46 $ chromosomes , while a comparable fruit fly cell would have $ 8 $ . chromosomes are only visible as distinct structures when the cell is getting ready to divide .
i always thought it was the second one , but why would we state everywhere that we have 46 chromosomes , while this would only be for the shorter period of the cells lifecycle ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
because protein synthesis is an essential function of all cells , ribosomes are found in practically every cell type of multicellular organisms , as well as in prokaryotes such as bacteria . however , eukaryotic cells that specialize in producing proteins have particularly large numbers of ribosomes . for example , the...
if human body has 37.2 trillion cells and as far as i know a large amount of them have ribosomes to synthesize their own proteins then why do we need to consume it ourselves externally through food ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
that 's a feat `` geometrically equivalent to packing $ 40 $ km ( $ 24 $ miles ) of extremely fine thread into a tennis ball '' $ ^4 $ ! ribosomes as mentioned above , ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis . a ribosome is made out of rna and proteins , and each ribosome consists of two ...
what is role of rrnain protein synthesis ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
that 's a feat `` geometrically equivalent to packing $ 40 $ km ( $ 24 $ miles ) of extremely fine thread into a tennis ball '' $ ^4 $ ! ribosomes as mentioned above , ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis . a ribosome is made out of rna and proteins , and each ribosome consists of two ...
what is function of ribosomes ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
how do you make a ribosome ? some chromosomes have sections of dna that encode ribosomal rna , a type of structural rna that combines with proteins to make the ribosome . in the nucleolus , new ribosomal rna combines with proteins to form the subunits of the ribosome .
what does `` rna '' stand for ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
in fact , that ’ s exactly what eukaryotic cells do with their genetic material , placing it in a membrane-enclosed repository called the nucleus . eukaryotic dna never leaves the nucleus ; instead , it ’ s transcribed ( copied ) into rna molecules , which may then travel out of the nucleus . in the cytosol , some rnas...
what is the importance of nucleus ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
the complex formed by dna and its supporting structural proteins is known as chromatin . you can learn more about dna , chromatin , and chromosomes in the dna and chromosomes article . to give you a sense of just how important dna packing is , consider that the dna in a typical human cell would be about $ 2 $ meters lo...
how many chromosomes are in the nucleus ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
some cell types have more than one nucleolus inside the nucleus . for instance , some mouse cells have up to $ 6 $ nucleoli $ ^1 $ . prokaryotes , which do not have a nucleus , do n't have nucleoli and build their ribosomes in the cytosol .
this is an extremely random question , but is it possible that an organism can have plant cells and animal cells ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
ribosomes as mentioned above , ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis . a ribosome is made out of rna and proteins , and each ribosome consists of two separate rna-protein complexes , known as the small and large subunits . the large subunit sits on top of the small subunit , with an rna...
is rrna mixed in the small sub unit and large sub unit , or is it in between ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
the newly made subunits are transported out through the nuclear pores to the cytoplasm , where they can do their job . some cell types have more than one nucleolus inside the nucleus . for instance , some mouse cells have up to $ 6 $ nucleoli $ ^1 $ .
in the diagram above , is trna inside the large sub unit ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
ribosomes as mentioned above , ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis . a ribosome is made out of rna and proteins , and each ribosome consists of two separate rna-protein complexes , known as the small and large subunits . the large subunit sits on top of the small subunit , with an rna...
is mrna in between small and large sub unit ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
how do you make a ribosome ? some chromosomes have sections of dna that encode ribosomal rna , a type of structural rna that combines with proteins to make the ribosome . in the nucleolus , new ribosomal rna combines with proteins to form the subunits of the ribosome .
what does dna and rna stand for ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to put you together , but also provides the information that enables every cell in your body to keep functioning from moment to moment . sounds important , right ? you ’ d probably want to keep information this valuable in a secure spot , p...
i do n't get it why is the dna so important and why does it have to be guarded ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
the newly made subunits are transported out through the nuclear pores to the cytoplasm , where they can do their job . some cell types have more than one nucleolus inside the nucleus . for instance , some mouse cells have up to $ 6 $ nucleoli $ ^1 $ .
i 'd like to inquire : why are the chromosomes inside of a cell tangled up instead of in straight lines ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
every eukaryotic species has a specific number of chromosomes in the nuclei of its body ’ s cells . for example , a typical human body cell would have $ 46 $ chromosomes , while a comparable fruit fly cell would have $ 8 $ . chromosomes are only visible as distinct structures when the cell is getting ready to divide .
if the chromosomes were straight , what difference would that make ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
eukaryotic ribosomes may be either free , meaning that they are floating around in the cytoplasm , or bound , meaning that they are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or the outside of the nuclear envelope . ( in the first diagram in this article , the red dots represent bound ribosomes ; endoplasmic reticulum with ...
what is the difference between rough and smooth er ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
this process is called translation . prokaryotes lack a nucleus , so their mrnas are transcribed in the cytoplasm and can be translated by ribosomes immediately . eukaryotic ribosomes may be either free , meaning that they are floating around in the cytoplasm , or bound , meaning that they are attached to the endoplasm...
what causes prokaryotes like bacteria to multiply so quickly compared to eukaryotic cells -- is it the lack of the mrna transport step , or the nucleus of eukaryotes just works slower because it 's specialized , or something else ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
that 's a feat `` geometrically equivalent to packing $ 40 $ km ( $ 24 $ miles ) of extremely fine thread into a tennis ball '' $ ^4 $ ! ribosomes as mentioned above , ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis . a ribosome is made out of rna and proteins , and each ribosome consists of two ...
is a protein an enzyme or is an enzyme a type of protein ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
the complex formed by dna and its supporting structural proteins is known as chromatin . you can learn more about dna , chromatin , and chromosomes in the dna and chromosomes article . to give you a sense of just how important dna packing is , consider that the dna in a typical human cell would be about $ 2 $ meters lo...
if chromosomes are made out of/contained in chromatin ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
every eukaryotic species has a specific number of chromosomes in the nuclei of its body ’ s cells . for example , a typical human body cell would have $ 46 $ chromosomes , while a comparable fruit fly cell would have $ 8 $ . chromosomes are only visible as distinct structures when the cell is getting ready to divide .
how would we define a chromosome ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
because protein synthesis is an essential function of all cells , ribosomes are found in practically every cell type of multicellular organisms , as well as in prokaryotes such as bacteria . however , eukaryotic cells that specialize in producing proteins have particularly large numbers of ribosomes . for example , the...
what happens to the proteins once they have been synthesized by the ribosomes ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
that 's a feat `` geometrically equivalent to packing $ 40 $ km ( $ 24 $ miles ) of extremely fine thread into a tennis ball '' $ ^4 $ ! ribosomes as mentioned above , ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis . a ribosome is made out of rna and proteins , and each ribosome consists of two ...
what are non translating ribosomes ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
an mrna travels to the ribosome , which uses the information it contains to build a protein with a specific amino acid sequence . this process is called translation . prokaryotes lack a nucleus , so their mrnas are transcribed in the cytoplasm and can be translated by ribosomes immediately .
why dna from the nucleus is not used directly by the ribosome for the translation process ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
that 's a feat `` geometrically equivalent to packing $ 40 $ km ( $ 24 $ miles ) of extremely fine thread into a tennis ball '' $ ^4 $ ! ribosomes as mentioned above , ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis . a ribosome is made out of rna and proteins , and each ribosome consists of two ...
when does protein synthesis occur ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
this darkly staining region is called the nucleolus , and it ’ s the site in which new ribosomes are assembled . how do you make a ribosome ? some chromosomes have sections of dna that encode ribosomal rna , a type of structural rna that combines with proteins to make the ribosome .
how does the malfunction of the ribosome affect the other organelles ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
in fact , that ’ s exactly what eukaryotic cells do with their genetic material , placing it in a membrane-enclosed repository called the nucleus . eukaryotic dna never leaves the nucleus ; instead , it ’ s transcribed ( copied ) into rna molecules , which may then travel out of the nucleus . in the cytosol , some rnas...
why do you think dna is located in the nucleus ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
inside the nucleus , chromatin ( dna wrapped around proteins , described further below ) is stored in a gel-like substance called nucleoplasm . enclosing the nucleoplasm is the nuclear envelope , which is made up of two layers of membrane : an outer membrane and an inner membrane . each of these membranes contains two ...
how ribosomes exit from nucleus as nuclear membrane is selectively permeable membrane ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
( a ribosome looks a little like a hamburger with a puffy bun on top , an rna “ patty ” threading through it . ) in eukaryotes , ribosomes get their orders for protein synthesis from the nucleus , where portions of dna ( genes ) are transcribed to make messenger rnas ( mrnas ) . an mrna travels to the ribosome , which ...
can ribosomes be found in nucleus in eukaryotes ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
how do you make a ribosome ? some chromosomes have sections of dna that encode ribosomal rna , a type of structural rna that combines with proteins to make the ribosome . in the nucleolus , new ribosomal rna combines with proteins to form the subunits of the ribosome .
i think it would be messy all those dna nucleotides and rna nucleotides together highly functioning but prokaryotes can survive with that , ca n't they ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
that 's a feat `` geometrically equivalent to packing $ 40 $ km ( $ 24 $ miles ) of extremely fine thread into a tennis ball '' $ ^4 $ ! ribosomes as mentioned above , ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis . a ribosome is made out of rna and proteins , and each ribosome consists of two ...
are all protein that exist in chromosomes , in plasma membrane , and in ribosomes it self coming from the other ribosomes ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
in fact , that ’ s exactly what eukaryotic cells do with their genetic material , placing it in a membrane-enclosed repository called the nucleus . eukaryotic dna never leaves the nucleus ; instead , it ’ s transcribed ( copied ) into rna molecules , which may then travel out of the nucleus . in the cytosol , some rnas...
or is there an actual reason for being placed in the heart if the nucleus ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
in fact , that ’ s exactly what eukaryotic cells do with their genetic material , placing it in a membrane-enclosed repository called the nucleus . eukaryotic dna never leaves the nucleus ; instead , it ’ s transcribed ( copied ) into rna molecules , which may then travel out of the nucleus . in the cytosol , some rnas...
what determines what portion of the dna is transcribed onto/into rna ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
how do you make a ribosome ? some chromosomes have sections of dna that encode ribosomal rna , a type of structural rna that combines with proteins to make the ribosome . in the nucleolus , new ribosomal rna combines with proteins to form the subunits of the ribosome .
can there be rna that are complete copies of the full dna ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
prokaryotes lack a nucleus , so their mrnas are transcribed in the cytoplasm and can be translated by ribosomes immediately . eukaryotic ribosomes may be either free , meaning that they are floating around in the cytoplasm , or bound , meaning that they are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or the outside of the nu...
do the mrna that are bound to the nuclear envelope serve a different purpose that the free floating ones ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
in fact , that ’ s exactly what eukaryotic cells do with their genetic material , placing it in a membrane-enclosed repository called the nucleus . eukaryotic dna never leaves the nucleus ; instead , it ’ s transcribed ( copied ) into rna molecules , which may then travel out of the nucleus . in the cytosol , some rnas...
where in the nucleus are mrna for ribosomal proteins transcribed ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
eukaryotic ribosomes may be either free , meaning that they are floating around in the cytoplasm , or bound , meaning that they are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or the outside of the nuclear envelope . ( in the first diagram in this article , the red dots represent bound ribosomes ; endoplasmic reticulum with ...
- why do some proteins need to enter the endoplasmic reticulum if they 're going to leave the cell ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
how do you make a ribosome ? some chromosomes have sections of dna that encode ribosomal rna , a type of structural rna that combines with proteins to make the ribosome . in the nucleolus , new ribosomal rna combines with proteins to form the subunits of the ribosome . the newly made subunits are transported out throug...
what is the full form of rna ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
most of an organism ’ s dna is organized into one or more chromosomes , each of which is a very long string or loop of dna . a single chromosome can carry many different genes . in prokaryotes , dna is typically organized into a single circular chromosome ( a loop ) .
what is role of chromosome in eukaryotes for reproduction ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
inside the nucleus , chromatin ( dna wrapped around proteins , described further below ) is stored in a gel-like substance called nucleoplasm . enclosing the nucleoplasm is the nuclear envelope , which is made up of two layers of membrane : an outer membrane and an inner membrane . each of these membranes contains two ...
would dna directly interact with ribosome in the absence of membrane ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
in fact , that ’ s exactly what eukaryotic cells do with their genetic material , placing it in a membrane-enclosed repository called the nucleus . eukaryotic dna never leaves the nucleus ; instead , it ’ s transcribed ( copied ) into rna molecules , which may then travel out of the nucleus . in the cytosol , some rnas...
such as in prokaryote , will dna still be transcribed into rna ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
how do you make a ribosome ? some chromosomes have sections of dna that encode ribosomal rna , a type of structural rna that combines with proteins to make the ribosome . in the nucleolus , new ribosomal rna combines with proteins to form the subunits of the ribosome .
in rna what does the a t c g stand for ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
eukaryotic ribosomes may be either free , meaning that they are floating around in the cytoplasm , or bound , meaning that they are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or the outside of the nuclear envelope . ( in the first diagram in this article , the red dots represent bound ribosomes ; endoplasmic reticulum with ...
how come the endoplasmic reticulum does n't completely surround the nucleus ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
that 's a feat `` geometrically equivalent to packing $ 40 $ km ( $ 24 $ miles ) of extremely fine thread into a tennis ball '' $ ^4 $ ! ribosomes as mentioned above , ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis . a ribosome is made out of rna and proteins , and each ribosome consists of two ...
what is the function of ribosomes , where are they located in the cell ( three places ) , and what types of proteins to the different localized ribosomes produce ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
there ’ s a thin space between the two layers of the nuclear envelope , and this space is directly connected to the interior of another membranous organelle , the endoplasmic reticulum . nuclear pores , small channels that span the nuclear envelope , let substances enter and exit the nucleus . each pore is lined by a s...
is it not true that the anything has to travel through nuclear pores to enter/exit the nucleus ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
eukaryotic ribosomes may be either free , meaning that they are floating around in the cytoplasm , or bound , meaning that they are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or the outside of the nuclear envelope . ( in the first diagram in this article , the red dots represent bound ribosomes ; endoplasmic reticulum with ...
what is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
in both their loose and compact forms , the dna strands of chromosomes are bound to structural proteins , including a family of proteins called histones ( see picture below ) . these dna-associated proteins organize the dna and help it fit into the nucleus , and they also play a role in determining which genes are acti...
is the nucleolus a section of the dna that deals specially with ribosome synthesis or is this just a minor confusion with greater concequences ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
how do you make a ribosome ? some chromosomes have sections of dna that encode ribosomal rna , a type of structural rna that combines with proteins to make the ribosome . in the nucleolus , new ribosomal rna combines with proteins to form the subunits of the ribosome .
what does rna stand for ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
some cell types have more than one nucleolus inside the nucleus . for instance , some mouse cells have up to $ 6 $ nucleoli $ ^1 $ . prokaryotes , which do not have a nucleus , do n't have nucleoli and build their ribosomes in the cytosol .
what kind of cells made up muscle cells ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
each pore is lined by a set of proteins , called the nuclear pore complex , that control what molecules can go in or out . if you look at a microscope image of the nucleus , you may notice – depending on the type of stain used to visualize the cell – that there ’ s a dark spot inside it . this darkly staining region is...
when you look inside a microscope what is the dark spot you see inside the cell ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
there ’ s a thin space between the two layers of the nuclear envelope , and this space is directly connected to the interior of another membranous organelle , the endoplasmic reticulum . nuclear pores , small channels that span the nuclear envelope , let substances enter and exit the nucleus . each pore is lined by a s...
is the nuclear envelope and the nuclear membrane the same thing ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
that 's a feat `` geometrically equivalent to packing $ 40 $ km ( $ 24 $ miles ) of extremely fine thread into a tennis ball '' $ ^4 $ ! ribosomes as mentioned above , ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis . a ribosome is made out of rna and proteins , and each ribosome consists of two ...
are translation and protein synthesis the same thing ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
because protein synthesis is an essential function of all cells , ribosomes are found in practically every cell type of multicellular organisms , as well as in prokaryotes such as bacteria . however , eukaryotic cells that specialize in producing proteins have particularly large numbers of ribosomes . for example , the...
where do proteins go after being manufactured within the ribosomes ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
in fact , that ’ s exactly what eukaryotic cells do with their genetic material , placing it in a membrane-enclosed repository called the nucleus . eukaryotic dna never leaves the nucleus ; instead , it ’ s transcribed ( copied ) into rna molecules , which may then travel out of the nucleus . in the cytosol , some rnas...
it says that the eukaryotic dna never leaves the nucleus , but what about during cell division ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
how do you make a ribosome ? some chromosomes have sections of dna that encode ribosomal rna , a type of structural rna that combines with proteins to make the ribosome . in the nucleolus , new ribosomal rna combines with proteins to form the subunits of the ribosome .
what does rna stand for ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
the newly made subunits are transported out through the nuclear pores to the cytoplasm , where they can do their job . some cell types have more than one nucleolus inside the nucleus . for instance , some mouse cells have up to $ 6 $ nucleoli $ ^1 $ .
what is the contribution nucleolus makes ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
how do you make a ribosome ? some chromosomes have sections of dna that encode ribosomal rna , a type of structural rna that combines with proteins to make the ribosome . in the nucleolus , new ribosomal rna combines with proteins to form the subunits of the ribosome .
how many rna is in our bodies ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
there ’ s a thin space between the two layers of the nuclear envelope , and this space is directly connected to the interior of another membranous organelle , the endoplasmic reticulum . nuclear pores , small channels that span the nuclear envelope , let substances enter and exit the nucleus . each pore is lined by a s...
in the second paragraph of the nucleus , are the nuclear envelop and nuclear membrane the same things ?
introduction suppose that you have a very precious piece of information . let ’ s imagine that this piece of information is a blueprint . in fact , it ’ s not just a blueprint for a house , or a car , or even a top-secret fighter jet . it ’ s a blueprint for an entire organism – you – and it not only specifies how to p...
that 's a feat `` geometrically equivalent to packing $ 40 $ km ( $ 24 $ miles ) of extremely fine thread into a tennis ball '' $ ^4 $ ! ribosomes as mentioned above , ribosomes are the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis . a ribosome is made out of rna and proteins , and each ribosome consists of two ...
what came first the ribosome or the protein ?
the relationship between liturgy and architecture—between worship and the space in which it occurs—has a rich history in the christian tradition . its roots go back well before the emergence of christianity to origins in jewish worship . the term “ liturgy ” is from a greek word that means “ public service ” or “ work ...
thomas j. doig and e. ann matter , eds . the liturgy of the medieval church , 2nd ed . ( kalamazoo , mi : medieval institute publications , 2005 ) .
did the colors of the medieval church have any specific meaning or was it just random painting ?
the relationship between liturgy and architecture—between worship and the space in which it occurs—has a rich history in the christian tradition . its roots go back well before the emergence of christianity to origins in jewish worship . the term “ liturgy ” is from a greek word that means “ public service ” or “ work ...
before the year 313 c.e. , when the emperor constantine legalized christianity with the edict of milan , christian worship occurred in homes , at grave sites of saints and loved ones , and even outdoors . one of the earliest existing churches ( dating to about 254 c.e . ) is found at dura europos , a roman outpost in s...
where the peasants not welcomed into the more fancy churches at the time or was everybody welcome ?
the relationship between liturgy and architecture—between worship and the space in which it occurs—has a rich history in the christian tradition . its roots go back well before the emergence of christianity to origins in jewish worship . the term “ liturgy ” is from a greek word that means “ public service ” or “ work ...
jewish origins as described in the jewish bible ( exodus 25-31 ) , during their exile in the desert , the israelites made sacrifices to god in the tabernacle , which was a huge moveable tent . in a large outer court , they made sacrifices , and they burned incense in an inner chamber , dubbed the “ holy of holies. ” th...
did the author research the ark of the covenant ?
the relationship between liturgy and architecture—between worship and the space in which it occurs—has a rich history in the christian tradition . its roots go back well before the emergence of christianity to origins in jewish worship . the term “ liturgy ” is from a greek word that means “ public service ” or “ work ...
although made of stone , the temple had a similar layout as the tabernacle . this temple was destroyed in 586 b.c.e . and was replaced by the second temple ( now the location of the dome of the rock in jerusalem , image below ) .
so after the temple of jews was destroyed they stopped making sacrifices to god ?
the relationship between liturgy and architecture—between worship and the space in which it occurs—has a rich history in the christian tradition . its roots go back well before the emergence of christianity to origins in jewish worship . the term “ liturgy ” is from a greek word that means “ public service ” or “ work ...
biblical passages such as revelation 21:9-21 , which describes a vision of an angel measuring the city of the heavenly jerusalem , inspired medieval christians to ascribe spiritual significance to the dimensions and proportions of church architecture . revelation 21:9-21 is illustrated , for example , in the eleventh-c...
did anyone else notice that in the beatus of liebana 's commentary on the apocalypse the angels standing in the gates are very diverse ( in terms of skin color ) ?
the relationship between liturgy and architecture—between worship and the space in which it occurs—has a rich history in the christian tradition . its roots go back well before the emergence of christianity to origins in jewish worship . the term “ liturgy ” is from a greek word that means “ public service ” or “ work ...
before the year 313 c.e. , when the emperor constantine legalized christianity with the edict of milan , christian worship occurred in homes , at grave sites of saints and loved ones , and even outdoors . one of the earliest existing churches ( dating to about 254 c.e . ) is found at dura europos , a roman outpost in s...
how long did it take to build some of these huge churches ?
overview : cellular response cell signaling pathways vary a lot . signals ( a.k.a . ligands ) and receptors come in many varieties , and binding can trigger a wide range of signal relay cascades inside the cell , from short and simple to long and complex . despite these differences , signaling pathways share a common g...
in this article , we 'll look at examples of cellular responses to signaling that happen at both the `` micro '' and `` macro '' levels . gene expression many signaling pathways cause a cellular response that involves a change in gene expression . gene expression is the process in which information from a gene is used ...
about gene expression , do the transcription alterations of factors such as c-myc pass on the daughter cells of future generations ?
overview : cellular response cell signaling pathways vary a lot . signals ( a.k.a . ligands ) and receptors come in many varieties , and binding can trigger a wide range of signal relay cascades inside the cell , from short and simple to long and complex . despite these differences , signaling pathways share a common g...
similarly , epinephrine triggers the activation of glycogen phosphorylase and the breakdown of glycogen in order to provide a muscle cell with fuel for a rapid response . other important large-scale outcomes of cell signaling include cell migration , changes in cell identity , and induction of apoptosis ( programmed ce...
or is there a reversion mechanic before the cell goes into mitosis ?