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introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | these different versions of elements are called isotopes , and small quantities of radioactive isotopes often occur in nature . for instance , a small amount of carbon exists in the atmosphere as radioactive carbon-14 , and the amount of carbon-14 found in fossils allows paleontologists to determine their age . in this... | wait so how would we know how much c14 was in the atmosphere at any given time and therefore be able to determine the age ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | often , elements come in both radioactive and nonradioactive versions that differ in the number of neutrons they contain . these different versions of elements are called isotopes , and small quantities of radioactive isotopes often occur in nature . for instance , a small amount of carbon exists in the atmosphere as r... | is it possible to manufacture radioactive isotopes in the lab when required ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | the atomic mass of a single atom is simply its total mass and is typically expressed in atomic mass units or amu . by definition , an atom of carbon with six neutrons , carbon-12 , has an atomic mass of 12 amu . other atoms don ’ t generally have round-number atomic masses for reasons that are a little beyond the scope... | why is carbon-12 used as the measurement of relative masses ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the subatomic particles that different atoms contain as well as what makes an isotope radioactive . atomic number , atomic mass , and relative atomic mass atoms of each element contain a characteristic number of protons . in fact , the number of protons determines what a... | how do you distinguish among atomic mass , average atomic mass , and atomic mass unit ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | the relative atomic masses given in periodic table entries—like the one for hydrogen , below—are calculated for all the naturally occurring isotopes of each element , weighted by the abundance of those isotopes on earth . extraterrestrial objects , like asteroids or meteors , might have very different isotope abundance... | what is the easy meaning of isotope ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | forms of the same atom that differ only in their number of neutrons are called isotopes . together , the number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element ’ s mass number : mass number = protons + neutrons . if you want to calculate how many neutrons an atom has , you can simply subtract the number of p... | how can we calculate the atomic number for an ion like `` k+1 '' am i consider the atomic number , the number of protons or , the number of electrons ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | so what exactly causes an isotope to be unstable if c-13 is fine but c-14 decays ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | if carbon 14 is decaying , would n't it make the atom stable at one point ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | but what exactly does it mean for something to be radioactive ? radioactivity is actually a property of an atom . radioactive atoms have unstable nuclei , and they will eventually release subatomic particles to become more stable , giving off energy—radiation—in the process . | what does an electron have to do with an atom ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | forms of the same atom that differ only in their number of neutrons are called isotopes . together , the number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element ’ s mass number : mass number = protons + neutrons . if you want to calculate how many neutrons an atom has , you can simply subtract the number of p... | i know protons form the element , and neutrons form the isotope , but what does an electron do ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | extraterrestrial objects , like asteroids or meteors , might have very different isotope abundances . isotopes and radioactive decay as mentioned above , isotopes are different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons . many elements—such as carbon , potassium , and ura... | can the radioactive decay cause any harm to humans using the element ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | atomic number , atomic mass , and relative atomic mass atoms of each element contain a characteristic number of protons . in fact , the number of protons determines what atom we are looking at ( e.g. , all atoms with six protons are carbon atoms ) ; the number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number . in cont... | why does the amount of protons in an atom makes it unique ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | often , elements come in both radioactive and nonradioactive versions that differ in the number of neutrons they contain . these different versions of elements are called isotopes , and small quantities of radioactive isotopes often occur in nature . for instance , a small amount of carbon exists in the atmosphere as r... | so all atoms are isotopes , but some are stable and some radioactive ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | many elements—such as carbon , potassium , and uranium—have multiple naturally occurring isotopes . carbon-12 contains six protons , six neutrons , and six electrons ; therefore , it has a mass number of 12 ( six protons plus six neutrons ) . carbon-14 contains six protons , eight neutrons , and six electrons ; its mas... | why is carbon 12 an isotope , when it doesnt have a greater amount of neutrons than protons ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | for instance , a small amount of carbon exists in the atmosphere as radioactive carbon-14 , and the amount of carbon-14 found in fossils allows paleontologists to determine their age . in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the subatomic particles that different atoms contain as well as what makes an isotope ... | what makes an isotope reactive ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the subatomic particles that different atoms contain as well as what makes an isotope radioactive . atomic number , atomic mass , and relative atomic mass atoms of each element contain a characteristic number of protons . in fact , the number of protons determines what a... | what is the difference between mass number and atomic mass ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | does the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 change or remain the same as the decay occurs ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | how do scientists predict how much carbon-14 was in an original sample at the time of fossilization ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the subatomic particles that different atoms contain as well as what makes an isotope radioactive . atomic number , atomic mass , and relative atomic mass atoms of each element contain a characteristic number of protons . in fact , the number of protons determines what a... | does n't that assume that the relative ratios between c12/c13/c14 are the same today as they 've always been ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | forms of the same atom that differ only in their number of neutrons are called isotopes . together , the number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element ’ s mass number : mass number = protons + neutrons . if you want to calculate how many neutrons an atom has , you can simply subtract the number of p... | if you are given an elements atomic number and mass can you calculate the number of neutrons ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | which particles were missed by carbon to become nitrogen ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | how do you know if the ratio of carbon-14 50 000 yeas ago has the same ratio in the atmosphere nowadays ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | some isotopes are stable , but others can emit , or kick out , subatomic particles to reach a more stable , lower-energy , configuration . such isotopes are called radioisotopes , and the process in which they release particles and energy is known as decay . radioactive decay can cause a change in the number of protons... | so if energy ca n't be created or destroyed , where do the protons go in the decaying process ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | but what exactly does it mean for something to be radioactive ? radioactivity is actually a property of an atom . radioactive atoms have unstable nuclei , and they will eventually release subatomic particles to become more stable , giving off energy—radiation—in the process . | is there away to lengthen the life span of an atom ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | but what exactly does it mean for something to be radioactive ? radioactivity is actually a property of an atom . radioactive atoms have unstable nuclei , and they will eventually release subatomic particles to become more stable , giving off energy—radiation—in the process . | what are the actual force that causes an atom to decay ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | these two alternate forms of carbon are isotopes . some isotopes are stable , but others can emit , or kick out , subatomic particles to reach a more stable , lower-energy , configuration . such isotopes are called radioisotopes , and the process in which they release particles and energy is known as decay . | also what makes an atom stable at its 1/2 life and if it is stable why does it continue to decay afterwards ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | the ratio of the original isotope to its decay product and to stable isotopes changes in a predictable way ; this predictability allows the relative abundance of the isotope to be used as a clock that measures the time from the incorporation of the isotope ( e.g. , into a fossil ) to the present . for example , carbon ... | does carbon dating relate to this in any way ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | isotopes and radioactive decay as mentioned above , isotopes are different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons . many elements—such as carbon , potassium , and uranium—have multiple naturally occurring isotopes . carbon-12 contains six protons , six neutrons , and ... | why are there elements such as dubnium that have no purpose in the world ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | radioactive decay can cause a change in the number of protons in the nucleus ; when this happens , the identity of the atom changes ( e.g. , carbon-14 decaying to nitrogen-14 ) . radioactive decay is a random but exponential process , and an isotope ’ s half-life is the period over which half of the material will decay... | just to be clear , stable isotopic forms do not decay and therefore , can not be used for measuring half life , right ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | for instance , a small amount of carbon exists in the atmosphere as radioactive carbon-14 , and the amount of carbon-14 found in fossils allows paleontologists to determine their age . in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the subatomic particles that different atoms contain as well as what makes an isotope ... | we know that atoms are the building blocks of life , but where did atoms come from ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | radioactive decay can cause a change in the number of protons in the nucleus ; when this happens , the identity of the atom changes ( e.g. , carbon-14 decaying to nitrogen-14 ) . radioactive decay is a random but exponential process , and an isotope ’ s half-life is the period over which half of the material will decay... | is a halflife the amount of time for half the material to decay into the next atom , or is it half the time for all the material to decay into the next atom ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | these different versions of elements are called isotopes , and small quantities of radioactive isotopes often occur in nature . for instance , a small amount of carbon exists in the atmosphere as radioactive carbon-14 , and the amount of carbon-14 found in fossils allows paleontologists to determine their age . in this... | based on the picture , is the length of life in any one carbon-14 isotope dependent on the starting amount of atoms ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | if so , does that mean that a single carbon-14 atom will always exist for about one half-life ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | the atomic mass of a single atom is simply its total mass and is typically expressed in atomic mass units or amu . by definition , an atom of carbon with six neutrons , carbon-12 , has an atomic mass of 12 amu . other atoms don ’ t generally have round-number atomic masses for reasons that are a little beyond the scope... | how was 12 amu itself was calculated for carbon 12. ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | other elements have isotopes with different half lives , and can thus be used to measure age on different timescales . for example , potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.25 billion years , and uranium-235 has a half-life of about 700 million years and has been used to measure the age of moon rocks $ ^2 $ . | how do we know potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.25 billion years ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | forms of the same atom that differ only in their number of neutrons are called isotopes . together , the number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element ’ s mass number : mass number = protons + neutrons . if you want to calculate how many neutrons an atom has , you can simply subtract the number of p... | and another question ( sorry ) : if radioactivity can change the proton number , does that mean scientists can make any substance into another substance ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | in paragraph 9 and 10 , why is carbon 14 so important to us ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the subatomic particles that different atoms contain as well as what makes an isotope radioactive . atomic number , atomic mass , and relative atomic mass atoms of each element contain a characteristic number of protons . in fact , the number of protons determines what a... | if i am given atomic weight of 140.12 for ce , how can i calculate the atomic mass of 138 ce ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | but what exactly does it mean for something to be radioactive ? radioactivity is actually a property of an atom . radioactive atoms have unstable nuclei , and they will eventually release subatomic particles to become more stable , giving off energy—radiation—in the process . | an atom decay just once ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | radioactive decay is a random but exponential process , and an isotope ’ s half-life is the period over which half of the material will decay to a different , relatively stable product . the ratio of the original isotope to its decay product and to stable isotopes changes in a predictable way ; this predictability allo... | how do i calculate the relative abundance of an isotope ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | if c-14 has 2 more neutrons than c-12 then how come c-14 is more unstable/radioactive than c-12 ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | in contrast , the number of neutrons for a given element can vary . forms of the same atom that differ only in their number of neutrons are called isotopes . together , the number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element ’ s mass number : mass number = protons + neutrons . | are n't more neutrons supposed to mean the atom is more stable since they exert more strong nuclear force ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | radioactive atoms have unstable nuclei , and they will eventually release subatomic particles to become more stable , giving off energy—radiation—in the process . often , elements come in both radioactive and nonradioactive versions that differ in the number of neutrons they contain . these different versions of elemen... | what makes the elements radioactive ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as carbon-14 decays gradually to nitrogen-14 $ ^2 $ . after a half-life of approximately 5,730 years , half of the carbon-14 that was initially present will have been co... | why does the `` time '' of the half life only begin once the living thing is dead ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | these different versions of elements are called isotopes , and small quantities of radioactive isotopes often occur in nature . for instance , a small amount of carbon exists in the atmosphere as radioactive carbon-14 , and the amount of carbon-14 found in fossils allows paleontologists to determine their age . in this... | can we examine the age of fossils by measuring the amount of nitrogen-14 ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | by comparing the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 concentrations in an object to the same ratio in the atmosphere , equivalent to the starting concentration for the object , the fraction of the isotope that has not yet decayed can be determined . on the basis of this fraction , the age of the material can be calculated ... | and , why the material has to be not older than 50,000 years to calculate accurately ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | forms of the same atom that differ only in their number of neutrons are called isotopes . together , the number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element ’ s mass number : mass number = protons + neutrons . if you want to calculate how many neutrons an atom has , you can simply subtract the number of p... | so c14 would be classified as neutral since the number electrons is the same as the protons ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | some isotopes are stable , but others can emit , or kick out , subatomic particles to reach a more stable , lower-energy , configuration . such isotopes are called radioisotopes , and the process in which they release particles and energy is known as decay . radioactive decay can cause a change in the number of protons... | does the decay ever cause the atom to lose it 's neutral properties ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the subatomic particles that different atoms contain as well as what makes an isotope radioactive . atomic number , atomic mass , and relative atomic mass atoms of each element contain a characteristic number of protons . in fact , the number of protons determines what a... | what is the need to compare relative atomic mass to carbon 12 mass ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the subatomic particles that different atoms contain as well as what makes an isotope radioactive . atomic number , atomic mass , and relative atomic mass atoms of each element contain a characteristic number of protons . in fact , the number of protons determines what a... | in the atomic mass , why does the protons and neutrons get added together but not the electrons ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | if radioactive decay is a process where atoms release subatomic particles , how can carbon-14 decay into nitrogen-14 when nitrogen has more protons than carbon ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | thanks khan academy , now i 've a question ; it says that carbon-14 decays to nitrogen-14 , based on the info , decaying means losing subatomic particles so why nitrogen-14 still has atomic mass of 14 ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | this property can be used to date formerly living objects such as old bones or wood . by comparing the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 concentrations in an object to the same ratio in the atmosphere , equivalent to the starting concentration for the object , the fraction of the isotope that has not yet decayed can be d... | can we imagine a future when it will be completely decayed and wiped out from this universe ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | other elements have isotopes with different half lives , and can thus be used to measure age on different timescales . for example , potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.25 billion years , and uranium-235 has a half-life of about 700 million years and has been used to measure the age of moon rocks $ ^2 $ . | how did we find out that the half-life takes 700 million years ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | some isotopes are stable , but others can emit , or kick out , subatomic particles to reach a more stable , lower-energy , configuration . such isotopes are called radioisotopes , and the process in which they release particles and energy is known as decay . radioactive decay can cause a change in the number of protons... | if a radioactive decay occurs in an atom , should it always decay to some other element ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the subatomic particles that different atoms contain as well as what makes an isotope radioactive . atomic number , atomic mass , and relative atomic mass atoms of each element contain a characteristic number of protons . in fact , the number of protons determines what a... | basically , should the atomic number ( proton number ) always change ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | but what exactly does it mean for something to be radioactive ? radioactivity is actually a property of an atom . radioactive atoms have unstable nuclei , and they will eventually release subatomic particles to become more stable , giving off energy—radiation—in the process . | if we ca n't really `` see '' electrons ( since they look kind of hazy from the video ) , how can we know how many electrons an atom has ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | the ratio of the original isotope to its decay product and to stable isotopes changes in a predictable way ; this predictability allows the relative abundance of the isotope to be used as a clock that measures the time from the incorporation of the isotope ( e.g. , into a fossil ) to the present . for example , carbon ... | what determines which version of carbon , or in general any element , will be stable or not , and hence be radioactive or not ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | forms of the same atom that differ only in their number of neutrons are called isotopes . together , the number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element ’ s mass number : mass number = protons + neutrons . if you want to calculate how many neutrons an atom has , you can simply subtract the number of p... | does it have do to something with the size of the nucleus , that is that it can only hold a certain number of protons and neutrons ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | radioactive decay can cause a change in the number of protons in the nucleus ; when this happens , the identity of the atom changes ( e.g. , carbon-14 decaying to nitrogen-14 ) . radioactive decay is a random but exponential process , and an isotope ’ s half-life is the period over which half of the material will decay... | how was/is the half-life of an isotope measured or determined ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | radioactive decay can cause a change in the number of protons in the nucleus ; when this happens , the identity of the atom changes ( e.g. , carbon-14 decaying to nitrogen-14 ) . radioactive decay is a random but exponential process , and an isotope ’ s half-life is the period over which half of the material will decay... | is it possible for a radioactive isotope to `` decay twice '' ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | radioactive decay can cause a change in the number of protons in the nucleus ; when this happens , the identity of the atom changes ( e.g. , carbon-14 decaying to nitrogen-14 ) . radioactive decay is a random but exponential process , and an isotope ’ s half-life is the period over which half of the material will decay... | if there is no `` whole life '' and only `` half life '' , what is the word for the total length that it takes for a radioisotope to completely decay ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | what is the evidence to support that the atmospheric proportions of c-12 , c-13 and c-14 ( ie ) have remained constant over billions of years ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | radioactive decay can cause a change in the number of protons in the nucleus ; when this happens , the identity of the atom changes ( e.g. , carbon-14 decaying to nitrogen-14 ) . radioactive decay is a random but exponential process , and an isotope ’ s half-life is the period over which half of the material will decay... | would it decay in the greater macrocosm , just as within the microcosm of the fossilized organism ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | these two alternate forms of carbon are isotopes . some isotopes are stable , but others can emit , or kick out , subatomic particles to reach a more stable , lower-energy , configuration . such isotopes are called radioisotopes , and the process in which they release particles and energy is known as decay . | in the section of the article that speaks of isotopes and radioactive decay , in the first paragraph it states that radioactive atom will kick out sub-atomic particles in order to attain a more stable configuration ; my question is , when the atom kicks out these particles , where do they go ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | for instance , a small amount of carbon exists in the atmosphere as radioactive carbon-14 , and the amount of carbon-14 found in fossils allows paleontologists to determine their age . in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the subatomic particles that different atoms contain as well as what makes an isotope ... | how is it possible that an atoms identity can change to form another element ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | in the penultimate paragraph , it says that the same concentration of carbon-14 in a plant 's tissue matches the same concentration of carbon-14 in the atmosphere , but why do they match ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for instance—or , in the case of spider-man , a bite from a radioactive spider . but what exactly does it mean for something to be radioactive ? radioactivity is actually a property of an atom . | how does something become radioactive ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | how can carbon 14 and nitrogen 14 have the same atomic weight while being different elements ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | the ratio of the original isotope to its decay product and to stable isotopes changes in a predictable way ; this predictability allows the relative abundance of the isotope to be used as a clock that measures the time from the incorporation of the isotope ( e.g. , into a fossil ) to the present . for example , carbon ... | when the carbon degrades does it add a neutron ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | other elements have isotopes with different half lives , and can thus be used to measure age on different timescales . for example , potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.25 billion years , and uranium-235 has a half-life of about 700 million years and has been used to measure the age of moon rocks $ ^2 $ . | how is the 1/2 life of an atom determined ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the subatomic particles that different atoms contain as well as what makes an isotope radioactive . atomic number , atomic mass , and relative atomic mass atoms of each element contain a characteristic number of protons . in fact , the number of protons determines what a... | what is relationship between atomic number and isotopes ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as carbon-14 decays gradually to nitrogen-14 $ ^2 $ . after a half-life of approximately 5,730 years , half of the carbon-14 that was initially present will have been co... | how do you know for sure that the half life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | in this article , we ’ ll look in more detail at the subatomic particles that different atoms contain as well as what makes an isotope radioactive . atomic number , atomic mass , and relative atomic mass atoms of each element contain a characteristic number of protons . in fact , the number of protons determines what a... | what type of relationship is there between half-life and atomic number ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | on the basis of this fraction , the age of the material can be calculated with accuracy if it is not much older than about 50,000 years . other elements have isotopes with different half lives , and can thus be used to measure age on different timescales . for example , potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.25 billion year... | so do atoms have different symbols ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as carbon-14 decays gradually to nitrogen-14 $ ^2 $ . after a half-life of approximately 5,730 years , half of the carbon-14 that was initially present will have been co... | can you date the half life of other elements vital to life , say phosphorous or nitrogen and still find and an accurate picture of how that life was or is ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | carbon-12 contains six protons , six neutrons , and six electrons ; therefore , it has a mass number of 12 ( six protons plus six neutrons ) . carbon-14 contains six protons , eight neutrons , and six electrons ; its mass number is 14 ( six protons plus eight neutrons ) . these two alternate forms of carbon are isotope... | do all three , protons neurons , and electrons always have to have the same amount ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | the relative atomic masses given in periodic table entries—like the one for hydrogen , below—are calculated for all the naturally occurring isotopes of each element , weighted by the abundance of those isotopes on earth . extraterrestrial objects , like asteroids or meteors , might have very different isotope abundance... | how is it that possible for an isotope to form for millions and billions of years ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | the atomic mass of a single atom is simply its total mass and is typically expressed in atomic mass units or amu . by definition , an atom of carbon with six neutrons , carbon-12 , has an atomic mass of 12 amu . other atoms don ’ t generally have round-number atomic masses for reasons that are a little beyond the scope... | how are you supposed to know if a carbon atom has only 4 electrons and not 6 ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | it says that isotopes of a element decay to convert to lower energy level , but carbon 14 converts to nitrogen 14 , since carbon has 6 protons+electrons and nitrogen has 7 electrons+protons , does n't carbon 14 isotope already has lower energy level than nitrogen ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | but what exactly does it mean for something to be radioactive ? radioactivity is actually a property of an atom . radioactive atoms have unstable nuclei , and they will eventually release subatomic particles to become more stable , giving off energy—radiation—in the process . | how do the outermost electrons determine the behavior of the atom ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | if you want to calculate how many neutrons an atom has , you can simply subtract the number of protons , or atomic number , from the mass number . a property closely related to an atom ’ s mass number is its atomic mass . the atomic mass of a single atom is simply its total mass and is typically expressed in atomic mas... | how do you get the atomic mass of an atom ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | carbon-12 contains six protons , six neutrons , and six electrons ; therefore , it has a mass number of 12 ( six protons plus six neutrons ) . carbon-14 contains six protons , eight neutrons , and six electrons ; its mass number is 14 ( six protons plus eight neutrons ) . these two alternate forms of carbon are isotope... | but how do we know how many electrons or neutrons ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | who discovered carbon 14 in the first place ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | radioactive decay is a random but exponential process , and an isotope ’ s half-life is the period over which half of the material will decay to a different , relatively stable product . the ratio of the original isotope to its decay product and to stable isotopes changes in a predictable way ; this predictability allo... | ''the ratio of the original isotope to its decay product and to stable isotopes changes in a predictable way , and this predictability allows the relative abundance of the isotope to be used as a clock that measures the time from the incorporation of the isotope '' what does this mean ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | forms of the same atom that differ only in their number of neutrons are called isotopes . together , the number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element ’ s mass number : mass number = protons + neutrons . if you want to calculate how many neutrons an atom has , you can simply subtract the number of p... | would n't be more exact just to know how much weights a single proton and a single neutron and then just multiply for the number of atoms and neutrons in the element to know the mass ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | isotopes and radioactive decay as mentioned above , isotopes are different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons . many elements—such as carbon , potassium , and uranium—have multiple naturally occurring isotopes . carbon-12 contains six protons , six neutrons , and ... | what 's the difference between potassium-40 and regular potassium ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | on the basis of this fraction , the age of the material can be calculated with accuracy if it is not much older than about 50,000 years . other elements have isotopes with different half lives , and can thus be used to measure age on different timescales . for example , potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.25 billion year... | why are the elements given different numbers as well as their original name ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | radioactivity is actually a property of an atom . radioactive atoms have unstable nuclei , and they will eventually release subatomic particles to become more stable , giving off energy—radiation—in the process . often , elements come in both radioactive and nonradioactive versions that differ in the number of neutrons... | what is a subatomic particle ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as carbon-14 decays gradually to nitrogen-14 $ ^2 $ . after a half-life of approximately 5,730 years , half of the carbon-14 that was initially present will have been co... | if its half life takes 5,730 years , was there the same concentration of carbon14 a long time ago ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | but what exactly does it mean for something to be radioactive ? radioactivity is actually a property of an atom . radioactive atoms have unstable nuclei , and they will eventually release subatomic particles to become more stable , giving off energy—radiation—in the process . | so i want to know what atom is in an rtg ( radioisotope thermometric generator ) and why we do n't use them on earth in large numbers ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | if carbon-14 is only kicking out electrons should n't it still be called carbon , since an element is defined by how many protons it has ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | extraterrestrial objects , like asteroids or meteors , might have very different isotope abundances . isotopes and radioactive decay as mentioned above , isotopes are different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons . many elements—such as carbon , potassium , and ura... | so just clarifying , when radioactive decay occurs , neutrons decay into protons ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | radioactive decay can cause a change in the number of protons in the nucleus ; when this happens , the identity of the atom changes ( e.g. , carbon-14 decaying to nitrogen-14 ) . radioactive decay is a random but exponential process , and an isotope ’ s half-life is the period over which half of the material will decay... | also can radioactive decay happen with other elements ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | isotopes and radioactive decay as mentioned above , isotopes are different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons . many elements—such as carbon , potassium , and uranium—have multiple naturally occurring isotopes . carbon-12 contains six protons , six neutrons , and ... | how many isotopes of oxygen ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | if you want to calculate how many neutrons an atom has , you can simply subtract the number of protons , or atomic number , from the mass number . a property closely related to an atom ’ s mass number is its atomic mass . the atomic mass of a single atom is simply its total mass and is typically expressed in atomic mas... | how do we know the initial mass of c-14 ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | as animals eat the plants , or eat other animals that ate plants , the concentrations of carbon-14 in their bodies will also match the atmospheric concentration . when an organism dies , it stops taking in carbon-14 , so the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in its remains , such as fossilized bones , will decline as car... | i meant at the time an organism dies , there must be some c-14 and c-12 left in its body , right ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | the ratio of the original isotope to its decay product and to stable isotopes changes in a predictable way ; this predictability allows the relative abundance of the isotope to be used as a clock that measures the time from the incorporation of the isotope ( e.g. , into a fossil ) to the present . for example , carbon ... | how come the carbon is still in the fossil ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | the ratio of the original isotope to its decay product and to stable isotopes changes in a predictable way ; this predictability allows the relative abundance of the isotope to be used as a clock that measures the time from the incorporation of the isotope ( e.g. , into a fossil ) to the present . for example , carbon ... | would n't the carbon have disappeared or something ? |
introduction radioactivity pops up fairly often in the news . for instance , you might have read about it in discussions of nuclear energy , the fukushima reactor tragedy , or the development of nuclear weapons . it also shows up in popular culture : many superheroes ’ origin stories involve radiation exposure , for in... | extraterrestrial objects , like asteroids or meteors , might have very different isotope abundances . isotopes and radioactive decay as mentioned above , isotopes are different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons . many elements—such as carbon , potassium , and ura... | does that mean if you take a sample clump of some element , there will be isotopes clustered in with the regular atoms ? |
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