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key points to predict if a population will grow or shrink , ecologists need to know birth and death rates for organisms at different ages as well as the current age and sex makeup of the population . life tables summarize birth and death rates for organisms at different stages of their lives . survivorship curves are g...
the second population is likely to shrink because it has many bears that are close to death and can no longer reproduce . so , who 's currently in a population makes a big difference when we are thinking about future population growth ! information about the age-sex structure of a population is often shown as a populat...
why is japan 's population shrinking ?
key points to predict if a population will grow or shrink , ecologists need to know birth and death rates for organisms at different ages as well as the current age and sex makeup of the population . life tables summarize birth and death rates for organisms at different stages of their lives . survivorship curves are g...
species with type i curves usually have small numbers of offspring and provide lots of parental care to make sure those offspring survive . type ii . many bird species have a type ii survivorship curve . in a type ii curve , organisms die more or less equally at each age interval .
insects will have which type of survivorship curve ?
key points to predict if a population will grow or shrink , ecologists need to know birth and death rates for organisms at different ages as well as the current age and sex makeup of the population . life tables summarize birth and death rates for organisms at different stages of their lives . survivorship curves are g...
this is particularly important in the case of an endangered species , like the red pandas in our example . life tables a life table records matters of life and death for a population—literally ! it summarizes the likelihood that organisms in a population will live , die , and/or reproduce at different stages of their l...
instead of a life-table , could you have used just the number of deaths at each age ( in a particular year ) , to come up with a distribution of life-expectancy ?
key points to predict if a population will grow or shrink , ecologists need to know birth and death rates for organisms at different ages as well as the current age and sex makeup of the population . life tables summarize birth and death rates for organisms at different stages of their lives . survivorship curves are g...
that makes for a death , or mortality , rate of 54/1000 , or 0.054 , which is recorded in the far-right column . age interval in years| number surviving at beginning of age interval out of 1000 born |number dying in age interval out of 1000 born |age-specific mortality rate—fraction of individuals alive at beginning of...
for instance , if 20 out of 100 people die in their first year and 80 die in the next year , then , can i ( roughly ) say that the average life-expectancy is 0.2* ( 0.5 years ) +0.8* ( 1.5 years ) = 1.3 years ?
what you need to know for this lesson factoring a polynomial involves writing it as a product of two or more polynomials . it reverses the process of polynomial multiplication . we have seen several examples of factoring already . however , for this article , you should be especially familiar with taking common factors...
this is because we can rewrite the expression as follows : $ 2x^2+\blued7x+3=2x^2+\blued1x+\blued6x+3 $ then we can use grouping to factor $ 2x^2+\blued1x+\blued6x+3 $ as $ ( x+3 ) ( 2x+1 ) $ . for more on factoring quadratic trinomials like these using the grouping method , check out our next article .
this may sound a bit dumb , but is there any significant difference between factoring , grouping trinomials , difference of squares , and gcf ?
what you need to know for this lesson factoring a polynomial involves writing it as a product of two or more polynomials . it reverses the process of polynomial multiplication . we have seen several examples of factoring already . however , for this article , you should be especially familiar with taking common factors...
we can factor these out to obtain the following expression : $ 2x ( x+4 ) +3 ( x+4 ) $ notice that this reveals yet another common factor between the two terms : $ \goldd { x+4 } $ . we can use the distributive property to factor out this common factor . since the polynomial is now expressed as a product of two binomia...
my only question is , when finding the common factor why can you just take one out then multiply that common factor by what was being multiplied on each one ?
what you need to know for this lesson factoring a polynomial involves writing it as a product of two or more polynomials . it reverses the process of polynomial multiplication . we have seen several examples of factoring already . however , for this article , you should be especially familiar with taking common factors...
check your understanding example 3 : factoring $ 3x^2-6x-4x+8 $ extra care should be taken when using the grouping method to factor a polynomial with negative coefficients . for example , the steps below can be used to factor $ 3x^2-6x-4x+8 $ . $ \begin { align } \phantom { 0 } & amp ; & amp ; & amp ; \phantom { = } 3x...
but , is there a way to recognize this un-factorability without going through the computational steps in order to find out whether or not the expression can be factored ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
we ended up at 0 so $ 8 \text { mod } 4 = \bf { 0 } $ . $ 7 \text { mod } 2 = ? $ with a modulus of 2 we make a clock with numbers 0 , 1 .
-17 mod 7 -7*2=-14 -17 '= ' -7 *2 +-3 -7 *2 +-3=-17 why does the site say 4 ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
for example : $ \begin { eqnarray } 3 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 13 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 23 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 33 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ \end { eqnarray } $ notes to the reader mod in programming languages and calculators many programming languages , and calculators , have a mod operator , typically represented with ...
what happens if the modulus is negative ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
conclusion if we have $ a \text { mod } b $ and we increase $ a $ by a multiple of $ \bf { b } $ , we will end up in the same spot , i.e . $ a \text { mod } b = ( a + k \cdot b ) \text { mod } b $ for any integer $ \bf { k } $ . for example : $ \begin { eqnarray } 3 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 13 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 23 \...
can someone explain the concept of calculating mod with out the circles ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
for these cases there is an operator called the modulo operator ( abbreviated as mod ) . using the same $ a $ , $ b $ , $ q $ , and $ r $ as above , we would have : $ a \text { mod } b = r $ we would say this as $ a $ modulo $ b $ is equal to $ r $ . where $ b $ is referred to as the modulus .
at line number 5 above , for where a mod b = r and you have said that a modulo b is congruent to r. is n't this more correct to say that a modulo b is equal to r ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
for example : $ \begin { eqnarray } \dfrac { 13 } { 5 } & amp ; = & amp ; 2 \text { remainder } \bf { 3 } \ 13 \text { mod } 5 & amp ; = & amp ; \bf { 3 } \ \end { eqnarray } $ visualize modulus with clocks observe what happens when we increment numbers by one and then divide them by 3 . $ \begin { eqnarray } \frac { 0...
so remainder always has to be positive ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
( if the number is positive we step clockwise , if it 's negative we step counter-clockwise . ) examples $ 8 \text { mod } 4 = ? $ with a modulus of 4 we make a clock with numbers 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 .
*5=30 in the case of mod : 8 mod 4=0 , but can we do 0 'some operation ' 4 =8 ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
how does the modulus operator work when both the dividend and the divisor are negative numbers ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
conclusion if we have $ a \text { mod } b $ and we increase $ a $ by a multiple of $ \bf { b } $ , we will end up in the same spot , i.e . $ a \text { mod } b = ( a + k \cdot b ) \text { mod } b $ for any integer $ \bf { k } $ . for example : $ \begin { eqnarray } 3 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 13 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 23 \...
what is a negativ number mod itself ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
we ended up at 0 so $ 8 \text { mod } 4 = \bf { 0 } $ . $ 7 \text { mod } 2 = ? $ with a modulus of 2 we make a clock with numbers 0 , 1 .
what is the correct result of -34 % 7 in c language ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
for example : $ \begin { eqnarray } 3 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 13 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 23 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 33 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ \end { eqnarray } $ notes to the reader mod in programming languages and calculators many programming languages , and calculators , have a mod operator , typically represented with ...
in other words , ca n't you just pull out '' the negative sign on the modulus expression in the first place ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
why do we use modular arithmetic ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
what is the practical application of modular arithmetic ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
why does a student need to understand modular arithmetic ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
conclusion if we have $ a \text { mod } b $ and we increase $ a $ by a multiple of $ \bf { b } $ , we will end up in the same spot , i.e . $ a \text { mod } b = ( a + k \cdot b ) \text { mod } b $ for any integer $ \bf { k } $ . for example : $ \begin { eqnarray } 3 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 13 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 23 \...
what happens if a is less than b ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
what is dividend and divisor ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
$ with a modulus of 2 we make a clock with numbers 0 , 1 . we start at 0 and go through 7 numbers in a clockwise sequence 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 . we ended up at 1 so $ 7 \text { mod } 2 = \bf { 1 } $ . $ -5 \text { mod } 3 = ?
what will be answer of ( x*x ) =1 mod ( 6 ) in range of [ 1,8 ] interger solution of x and how ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
for example : $ \begin { eqnarray } 3 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 13 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 23 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 33 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ \end { eqnarray } $ notes to the reader mod in programming languages and calculators many programming languages , and calculators , have a mod operator , typically represented with ...
can a modulus of a statement be negative ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
conclusion if we have $ a \text { mod } b $ and we increase $ a $ by a multiple of $ \bf { b } $ , we will end up in the same spot , i.e . $ a \text { mod } b = ( a + k \cdot b ) \text { mod } b $ for any integer $ \bf { k } $ . for example : $ \begin { eqnarray } 3 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 13 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 23 \...
does a ti 84+ have a mod button ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
for example , a clock with the 12 replaced by a 0 would be the circle for a modulus of 12 . to find the result of $ a \text { mod } b $ we can follow these steps : construct this clock for size $ b $ start at 0 and move around the clock $ a $ steps wherever we land is our solution . ( if the number is positive we step ...
here 's a solution to easily find the positive congruence of a negative number : what is -2017 mod 9 ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
to find the result of $ a \text { mod } b $ we can follow these steps : construct this clock for size $ b $ start at 0 and move around the clock $ a $ steps wherever we land is our solution . ( if the number is positive we step clockwise , if it 's negative we step counter-clockwise . ) examples $ 8 \text { mod } 4 = ?
what if we made the modulus a negative number , and applied a positive value to a ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
for these cases there is an operator called the modulo operator ( abbreviated as mod ) . using the same $ a $ , $ b $ , $ q $ , and $ r $ as above , we would have : $ a \text { mod } b = r $ we would say this as $ a $ modulo $ b $ is equal to $ r $ . where $ b $ is referred to as the modulus .
both a and b being negative , would we move clockwise ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
for these cases there is an operator called the modulo operator ( abbreviated as mod ) . using the same $ a $ , $ b $ , $ q $ , and $ r $ as above , we would have : $ a \text { mod } b = r $ we would say this as $ a $ modulo $ b $ is equal to $ r $ . where $ b $ is referred to as the modulus .
would you also be able to use this as a way to quickly discern mods of odds ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
what happens to the quotient when formatting the basis of modular arithmetic in the first equation ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
$ with a modulus of 2 we make a clock with numbers 0 , 1 . we start at 0 and go through 7 numbers in a clockwise sequence 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 . we ended up at 1 so $ 7 \text { mod } 2 = \bf { 1 } $ .
i want to encrypt my name to practice my key is 20 , h a s a n 7 0 18 0 13 20 20 20 20 20 ( 27 20 38 20 33 ) mod 26 please what is next ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
congruence modulo you may see an expression like : $ a \equiv b\ ( \text { mod } c ) $ this says that $ a $ is congruent to $ b $ modulo $ c $ . it is similar to the expressions we used here , but not quite the same . in the next article we will explain what it means and how it is related to the expressions above .
how is modular arithmetic used ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
-5 % 3 = -2 . congruence modulo you may see an expression like : $ a \equiv b\ ( \text { mod } c ) $ this says that $ a $ is congruent to $ b $ modulo $ c $ . it is similar to the expressions we used here , but not quite the same .
in the section called congruence modulo , what does `` a is congruent to b modulo c '' mean ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
conclusion if we have $ a \text { mod } b $ and we increase $ a $ by a multiple of $ \bf { b } $ , we will end up in the same spot , i.e . $ a \text { mod } b = ( a + k \cdot b ) \text { mod } b $ for any integer $ \bf { k } $ . for example : $ \begin { eqnarray } 3 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 13 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 23 \...
is it possible that a mod b = b mod a ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
is there any similarity between modulus ( which reurns absolute value of a number ) and this modulo operator ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
how do you really break the code with all these clues ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
after that , the sequence repeats . by noticing this , we can visualize the modulo operator by using circles . we write 0 at the top of a circle and continuing clockwise writing integers 1 , 2 , ... up to one less than the modulus .
is there any way to determine the modulo of a number without drawing all those circles around the clock ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
we ended up at 0 so $ 8 \text { mod } 4 = \bf { 0 } $ . $ 7 \text { mod } 2 = ? $ with a modulus of 2 we make a clock with numbers 0 , 1 .
i mean , if i am given a problem like 123456 to the power 7 mod 89 , is there an easier way to solve it than to do all the multiplication ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
we start at 0 and go through 7 numbers in a clockwise sequence 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 . we ended up at 1 so $ 7 \text { mod } 2 = \bf { 1 } $ . $ -5 \text { mod } 3 = ? $ with a modulus of 3 we make a clock with numbers 0 , 1 , 2 .
how do i find the residue of 1/21 mod 26 ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
$ a \text { mod } b = ( a + k \cdot b ) \text { mod } b $ for any integer $ \bf { k } $ . for example : $ \begin { eqnarray } 3 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 13 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 23 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 33 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ \end { eqnarray } $ notes to the reader mod in programming languages and calculators many p...
is n't 3 mod 10 supposed to be 1 because the remainder when 10 is divided by 3 is 1 , and mod is supposed to be the remainder right ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
e.g . -5 % 3 = -2 . congruence modulo you may see an expression like : $ a \equiv b\ ( \text { mod } c ) $ this says that $ a $ is congruent to $ b $ modulo $ c $ .
what is the remainder when 2 raised to the power 1990 is divided by 1990 ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
conclusion if we have $ a \text { mod } b $ and we increase $ a $ by a multiple of $ \bf { b } $ , we will end up in the same spot , i.e . $ a \text { mod } b = ( a + k \cdot b ) \text { mod } b $ for any integer $ \bf { k } $ . for example : $ \begin { eqnarray } 3 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 13 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 23 \...
can a be bigger than the mod ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
$ with a modulus of 2 we make a clock with numbers 0 , 1 . we start at 0 and go through 7 numbers in a clockwise sequence 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 . we ended up at 1 so $ 7 \text { mod } 2 = \bf { 1 } $ .
another question , by the help of clock we precise our starting point 0.but while counting , shall we start by 0 or 1 ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
conclusion if we have $ a \text { mod } b $ and we increase $ a $ by a multiple of $ \bf { b } $ , we will end up in the same spot , i.e . $ a \text { mod } b = ( a + k \cdot b ) \text { mod } b $ for any integer $ \bf { k } $ . for example : $ \begin { eqnarray } 3 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 13 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 23 \...
how to determine unit digits of large powers using mod ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
we ended up at 1 so $ 7 \text { mod } 2 = \bf { 1 } $ . $ -5 \text { mod } 3 = ? $ with a modulus of 3 we make a clock with numbers 0 , 1 , 2 .
why does -5 mod 3 equal to 1 ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
-5 % 3 = -2 . congruence modulo you may see an expression like : $ a \equiv b\ ( \text { mod } c ) $ this says that $ a $ is congruent to $ b $ modulo $ c $ . it is similar to the expressions we used here , but not quite the same .
in a mod b = c , if a is a negative number , is c always a positive number ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
congruence modulo you may see an expression like : $ a \equiv b\ ( \text { mod } c ) $ this says that $ a $ is congruent to $ b $ modulo $ c $ . it is similar to the expressions we used here , but not quite the same . in the next article we will explain what it means and how it is related to the expressions above .
only integers can be used in modular arithmetic ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
conclusion if we have $ a \text { mod } b $ and we increase $ a $ by a multiple of $ \bf { b } $ , we will end up in the same spot , i.e . $ a \text { mod } b = ( a + k \cdot b ) \text { mod } b $ for any integer $ \bf { k } $ . for example : $ \begin { eqnarray } 3 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 13 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 23 \...
i still do n't understand this : a mod b = ( a + k * b ) mod b for any integer k. could somebody please explain it to me ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
what is the connection between range and arithmatic mean ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
conclusion if we have $ a \text { mod } b $ and we increase $ a $ by a multiple of $ \bf { b } $ , we will end up in the same spot , i.e . $ a \text { mod } b = ( a + k \cdot b ) \text { mod } b $ for any integer $ \bf { k } $ . for example : $ \begin { eqnarray } 3 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 13 \text { mod } 10 = 3 \ 23 \...
does mod stand for something ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
we ended up at 1 so $ 7 \text { mod } 2 = \bf { 1 } $ . $ -5 \text { mod } 3 = ? $ with a modulus of 3 we make a clock with numbers 0 , 1 , 2 .
how to proof if n mod 5=2 and m mod 5=3 then mn mod 5=1 ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
$ 7 \text { mod } 2 = ? $ with a modulus of 2 we make a clock with numbers 0 , 1 . we start at 0 and go through 7 numbers in a clockwise sequence 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 .
how do you compute modular arithmetic without showing the diagram and with larger numbers ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
$ with a modulus of 2 we make a clock with numbers 0 , 1 . we start at 0 and go through 7 numbers in a clockwise sequence 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 1 . we ended up at 1 so $ 7 \text { mod } 2 = \bf { 1 } $ .
why does the clock start with 0 instead of 1 ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
how can we find modulo in such cases ?
an introduction to modular math when we divide two integers we will have an equation that looks like the following : $ \dfrac { a } { b } = q \text { remainder } r $ $ a $ is the dividend $ b $ is the divisor $ q $ is the quotient $ r $ is the remainder sometimes , we are only interested in what the remainder is when w...
to find the result of $ a \text { mod } b $ we can follow these steps : construct this clock for size $ b $ start at 0 and move around the clock $ a $ steps wherever we land is our solution . ( if the number is positive we step clockwise , if it 's negative we step counter-clockwise . ) examples $ 8 \text { mod } 4 = ?
may i know the relation between the modular nomber , composite number , prime number and real number in example and venn diagram ?
overview trading cities played an important role in the spread of goods on the silk road and indian ocean trade routes . with their large populations , access to major resources like food and goods , and complex networks of roads and trade , big cities were natural centers of urbanization and development that contribut...
with their large populations , access to major resources like food and goods , and complex networks of roads and trade , big cities were natural centers of urbanization and development that contributed to the growth of trade . a few examples of major trading cities are hangzhou , timbuktu , and malacca . all are strate...
what made those cities mentioned different from constantinople ?
what we 're building to a function is called multivariable if its input is made up of multiple numbers . if the output of a function consists of multiple numbers , it can also be called multivariable , but these ones are also commonly called vector-valued functions . visualizing these functions is all about thinking of...
visualizing these functions is all about thinking of space with multiple dimensions ( typically just two or three if we do n't want our brains to explode ) . what are multivariable functions ? when i first learned about functions , and maybe this is true for you too , i remember always thinking about them as taking in ...
how does multivariable functions helps in your everyday life ?
what we 're building to a function is called multivariable if its input is made up of multiple numbers . if the output of a function consists of multiple numbers , it can also be called multivariable , but these ones are also commonly called vector-valued functions . visualizing these functions is all about thinking of...
integrals , which study how to add together infinitely many infinitesimal quantities that make up a function 's output . multivariable calculus extends these ideas to functions with higher-dimensional inputs and/or outputs . with respect to the examples above , rates of change could refer to the following : how tempera...
can ka add ''the calculus of functions f : r^n- > r^m '' ?
what we 're building to a function is called multivariable if its input is made up of multiple numbers . if the output of a function consists of multiple numbers , it can also be called multivariable , but these ones are also commonly called vector-valued functions . visualizing these functions is all about thinking of...
note : some authors and teachers use the word multivariable for functions with multiple-number inputs , not outputs . lists of numbers $ \leftrightarrow $ points in space what makes multivariable calculus beautiful is that visualizing functions , along with all the new calculus you will learn to manipulate them , invol...
it is hard for me to read the content on this page , can the academy makes the font size larger or allow customize font size on this document ?
what we 're building to a function is called multivariable if its input is made up of multiple numbers . if the output of a function consists of multiple numbers , it can also be called multivariable , but these ones are also commonly called vector-valued functions . visualizing these functions is all about thinking of...
$ t $ is time . $ f $ is a vector-valued function . alternatively , you might break down components of the vector-valued function into separate scalar-valued functions $ x ( t ) $ and $ y ( t ) $ , which indicate the coordinates of x and y as functions of time : $ \begin { align } x ( t ) & amp ; = \dots ( \text { some...
why would you want to break down components of vector values into scalar values ?
what we 're building to a function is called multivariable if its input is made up of multiple numbers . if the output of a function consists of multiple numbers , it can also be called multivariable , but these ones are also commonly called vector-valued functions . visualizing these functions is all about thinking of...
when i first learned about functions , and maybe this is true for you too , i remember always thinking about them as taking in a number and outputting a number . a typical example would be something like this : $ f ( x ) = x^2 $ or this : $ f ( x ) = \sin ( x ) +2\sqrt { x } $ . and if you think back to the first time ...
the solution is z = a ( y*dx + x*dy ) = a d ( xy ) = -axy + c i got that we use the product rule identity in this ( y*dx + x*dy ) = a d ( xy ) but how is a d ( xy ) = -axy ?
what we 're building to a function is called multivariable if its input is made up of multiple numbers . if the output of a function consists of multiple numbers , it can also be called multivariable , but these ones are also commonly called vector-valued functions . visualizing these functions is all about thinking of...
but really , functions do n't just have to take in and spit out numbers , they can take in any thing and spit out any thing . in multivariable calculus , that thing can be a list of numbers . that is to say , the input and/or output can consists of multiple numbers .
what level of math is multivariable calculus ?
what we 're building to a function is called multivariable if its input is made up of multiple numbers . if the output of a function consists of multiple numbers , it can also be called multivariable , but these ones are also commonly called vector-valued functions . visualizing these functions is all about thinking of...
when i first learned about functions , and maybe this is true for you too , i remember always thinking about them as taking in a number and outputting a number . a typical example would be something like this : $ f ( x ) = x^2 $ or this : $ f ( x ) = \sin ( x ) +2\sqrt { x } $ . and if you think back to the first time ...
when i get to draw a function of x and y how can i draw it in 2 dimentional cartisian axes ?
what we 're building to a function is called multivariable if its input is made up of multiple numbers . if the output of a function consists of multiple numbers , it can also be called multivariable , but these ones are also commonly called vector-valued functions . visualizing these functions is all about thinking of...
when i first learned about functions , and maybe this is true for you too , i remember always thinking about them as taking in a number and outputting a number . a typical example would be something like this : $ f ( x ) = x^2 $ or this : $ f ( x ) = \sin ( x ) +2\sqrt { x } $ . and if you think back to the first time ...
so if we use square brackets for rectangular vectors , with the x above the y ( and possibly z ) , how do we denote vectors in polar , cylindrical , or spherical form ?
what we 're building to a function is called multivariable if its input is made up of multiple numbers . if the output of a function consists of multiple numbers , it can also be called multivariable , but these ones are also commonly called vector-valued functions . visualizing these functions is all about thinking of...
visualizing these functions is all about thinking of space with multiple dimensions ( typically just two or three if we do n't want our brains to explode ) . what are multivariable functions ? when i first learned about functions , and maybe this is true for you too , i remember always thinking about them as taking in ...
can i form a multivariable function given two individual functions ?
what we 're building to a function is called multivariable if its input is made up of multiple numbers . if the output of a function consists of multiple numbers , it can also be called multivariable , but these ones are also commonly called vector-valued functions . visualizing these functions is all about thinking of...
here are just a few examples of where multivariable functions arise . example 1 : from location to temperature to model varying temperatures in a large region , you could use a function which takes in two variables—longitude and latitude , maybe even altitude as a third—and outputs one variable , the temperature . writ...
in the example of location to temperature , i can understand latitude as a variable , but why longitude ?
a sacred object out of context the art of medieval india , like the art of medieval europe , was primarily in the service of religion . the devotee ’ s spiritual experience was enhanced by meditation inspired by works of art and architecture . just as the luminous upper chapel of the sainte chapelle dazzled and overwhe...
in hindu religious philosophy all things must come to a natural end so they can begin anew , and shiva is the agent that brings about this end so that a new cycle can begin . the metropolitan museum 's shiva nataraja was made some time in the eleventh century during the chola dynasty ( 9th-13th centuries c.e . ) in sou...
what kind of statues were made in the 19th centuries ?
a sacred object out of context the art of medieval india , like the art of medieval europe , was primarily in the service of religion . the devotee ’ s spiritual experience was enhanced by meditation inspired by works of art and architecture . just as the luminous upper chapel of the sainte chapelle dazzled and overwhe...
one of the longest lasting empires of south india , the chola dynasty heralded a golden age of exploration , trade , and artistic development . a great area innovation within the arts of the chola period was in the field of metalwork , particularly in bronze sculpture . the expanse of the chola empire stretched south-e...
did the british rule affect the sculpture arts of india in any way ?
a sacred object out of context the art of medieval india , like the art of medieval europe , was primarily in the service of religion . the devotee ’ s spiritual experience was enhanced by meditation inspired by works of art and architecture . just as the luminous upper chapel of the sainte chapelle dazzled and overwhe...
in these processions the shiva nataraja may have had its legs wrapped with a white and red cloth , adorned with flowers , and surrounded by candles . in a religious hindu context , the statue is the literal embodiment of the divine . when the worshiper comes before the statue and begins to pray , faith activates the di...
i know artist for this sculpture is unknown , but do you if it was n't created for religious purposes or by a religious institution ?
a sacred object out of context the art of medieval india , like the art of medieval europe , was primarily in the service of religion . the devotee ’ s spiritual experience was enhanced by meditation inspired by works of art and architecture . just as the luminous upper chapel of the sainte chapelle dazzled and overwhe...
just as the luminous upper chapel of the sainte chapelle dazzled and overwhelmed worshipers in france , the looming bronze statues of shiva and parvati in , for example , the inner halls of the meenakshi temple in madurai , in south india would have awed a hindu devotee . its important to keep in mind that the bronze s...
when and how were the shiva as the lord of the dance statues made ?
a sacred object out of context the art of medieval india , like the art of medieval europe , was primarily in the service of religion . the devotee ’ s spiritual experience was enhanced by meditation inspired by works of art and architecture . just as the luminous upper chapel of the sainte chapelle dazzled and overwhe...
bronzes of the chola period such as shiva as lord of the dance ( nataraja ) arose out of a need to transmute the divine into a physical embodiment of beauty . essay by farisa khalid additional resources : this sculpture at the metropolitan museum of art shiva nataraja from the smithsonian this sculpture on the metropol...
were artists of the art works in hindu art usually unknown ?
a sacred object out of context the art of medieval india , like the art of medieval europe , was primarily in the service of religion . the devotee ’ s spiritual experience was enhanced by meditation inspired by works of art and architecture . just as the luminous upper chapel of the sainte chapelle dazzled and overwhe...
the expanse of the chola empire stretched south-east towards sri lanka and gave the kingdom access to vast copper reserves that enabled the proliferation of bronze work by skilled artisans . during this period a new kind of sculpture is made , one that combines the expressive qualities of stone temple carvings with the...
how is that possible if he were already the god of destruction ?
a sacred object out of context the art of medieval india , like the art of medieval europe , was primarily in the service of religion . the devotee ’ s spiritual experience was enhanced by meditation inspired by works of art and architecture . just as the luminous upper chapel of the sainte chapelle dazzled and overwhe...
arms were to be long like stalks of bamboo , faces round like the moon , and eyes shaped like almonds or the leaves of a lotus . the shastras were a primer on the ideals of beauty and physical perfection within ancient hindu ideology . a dance within the cosmic circle of fire here , shiva embodies those perfect physica...
which is the ancient technique by which the shaping and mixing of alloys was acheived with great perfection ?
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures . this material touches on linear algebra ( usuall...
multiplication as a transformation the idea of a `` transformation '' can seem more complicated than it really is at first , so before diving into how $ 2 \times 2 $ matrices transform $ 2 $ -dimensional space , or how $ 3 \times 3 $ matrices transform $ 3 $ -dimensional space , let 's go over how plain old numbers ( a...
why does the two vectors that when transform , can deduce where others go have to be ( 1 0 ) and ( 0 1 ) ?
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures . this material touches on linear algebra ( usuall...
multiplication as a transformation the idea of a `` transformation '' can seem more complicated than it really is at first , so before diving into how $ 2 \times 2 $ matrices transform $ 2 $ -dimensional space , or how $ 3 \times 3 $ matrices transform $ 3 $ -dimensional space , let 's go over how plain old numbers ( a...
is there a particular reason why you chose green for x or [ 1 | 0 ] and red for y or [ 0 | 1 ] ?
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures . this material touches on linear algebra ( usuall...
in fact , once we know where $ \left [ \begin { array } { c } 1 \ 0 \end { array } \right ] $ and $ \left [ \begin { array } { c } 0 \ 1 \end { array } \right ] $ land , we can deduce where every point on the plane must go . for example , let 's follow the point $ \left [ \begin { array } { c } -1 \ 2 \end { array } \r...
it 'll make much better correspondence for xyz , ijk , rgb coding , the right-hand rule , and the physical progression of colour energies ( 1st red = low ; 2nd green = medium ; 3rd blue = high ) ?
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures . this material touches on linear algebra ( usuall...
representing two dimensional linear transforms with matrices in general , since each vector $ \left [ \begin { array } { c } x \ y \end { array } \right ] $ can be broken down as $ \left [ \begin { array } { c } x \ y \end { array } \right ] = x\greend { \left [ \begin { array } { c } 1 \ 0 \end { array } \right ] } + ...
what is av in the last part of the page ?
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures . this material touches on linear algebra ( usuall...
in fact , once we know where $ \left [ \begin { array } { c } 1 \ 0 \end { array } \right ] $ and $ \left [ \begin { array } { c } 0 \ 1 \end { array } \right ] $ land , we can deduce where every point on the plane must go . for example , let 's follow the point $ \left [ \begin { array } { c } -1 \ 2 \end { array } \r...
i understand multiplying the green arrow by the x component -1 ; but , how did you get the `` 3 '' digit you are using to multiply by the `` y '' component ( 2 ) ?
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures . this material touches on linear algebra ( usuall...
here are some examples : for our purposes , what makes a transformation linear is the following geometric rule : the origin must remain fixed , and all lines must remain lines . so all the transforms in the above animation are examples , but the following are not : following specific vectors during a transformation ima...
in the first example in the section `` following specific vectors during a transformation '' , is n't there an error ?
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures . this material touches on linear algebra ( usuall...
as before , our use of the word “ transformation ” indicates we should think about smooshing something around , which in this case is $ 2 $ -dimensional space . here are some examples : for our purposes , what makes a transformation linear is the following geometric rule : the origin must remain fixed , and all lines m...
what does analog mean in the following explanation ?
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures . this material touches on linear algebra ( usuall...
one way to visualize this is as follows : we keep a copy of the original line for reference , then slide each number on the line to $ 2 $ times that number . similarly , multiplication by $ \dfrac { 1 } { 2 } $ could be visualized like this : and so that negative numbers do n't feel neglected , here is multiplication b...
why do n't we prefer row vectors ?
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures . this material touches on linear algebra ( usuall...
in this case , $ 1 $ lands where $ -3 $ started off , so you can tell that the animation represents multiplication by $ -3 $ . what do linear transformations in $ 2 $ dimensions look like ? a $ 2 $ -dimensional linear transformation is a special kind of function which takes in a $ 2 $ -dimensional vector $ \left [ \beg...
is it not sufficient to use 2-tuple vector to denote the transformation ?
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures . this material touches on linear algebra ( usuall...
representing two dimensional linear transforms with matrices in general , since each vector $ \left [ \begin { array } { c } x \ y \end { array } \right ] $ can be broken down as $ \left [ \begin { array } { c } x \ y \end { array } \right ] = x\greend { \left [ \begin { array } { c } 1 \ 0 \end { array } \right ] } + ...
how we transform a vector in 3d ?
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures . this material touches on linear algebra ( usuall...
in this case , $ 1 $ lands where $ -3 $ started off , so you can tell that the animation represents multiplication by $ -3 $ . what do linear transformations in $ 2 $ dimensions look like ? a $ 2 $ -dimensional linear transformation is a special kind of function which takes in a $ 2 $ -dimensional vector $ \left [ \beg...
what is the transformation matrice used in the video `` tricky examples of nonlinear two dimensional transformations '' ?
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures . this material touches on linear algebra ( usuall...
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures .
is there an intuitive explanation for why you multiply the vector matrix ( v ) by the transformation matrix ( a ) , and not the other way around ?
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures . this material touches on linear algebra ( usuall...
what do linear transformations in $ 2 $ dimensions look like ? a $ 2 $ -dimensional linear transformation is a special kind of function which takes in a $ 2 $ -dimensional vector $ \left [ \begin { array } { c } x \ y \end { array } \right ] $ and outputs another $ 2 $ -dimensional vector . as before , our use of the w...
but how to make sense for higher dimensional matrix transformation ?
introduction if we think about a matrix as a transformation of space it can lead to a deeper understanding of matrix operations . this viewpoint helps motivate how we define matrix operations like multiplication , and , it gives us a nice excuse to draw pretty pictures . this material touches on linear algebra ( usuall...
representing two dimensional linear transforms with matrices in general , since each vector $ \left [ \begin { array } { c } x \ y \end { array } \right ] $ can be broken down as $ \left [ \begin { array } { c } x \ y \end { array } \right ] = x\greend { \left [ \begin { array } { c } 1 \ 0 \end { array } \right ] } + ...
am i right thinking about unit vectors refering to how a vector can be broken as shown in this article ?
introduction let ’ s imagine you are a pancreatic cell . your job is to secrete digestive enzymes , which travel into the small intestine and help break down nutrients from food . in order to carry out this job , you somehow have to get those enzymes shipped from their site of synthesis—inside the cell—to their place o...
vacuoles plants cells do not have lysosomes . instead , they have another type of organelle called the vacuole . the large central vacuole stores water and wastes wastes , isolates hazardous materials , and has enzymes that can break down macromolecules and cellular components , like those of a lysosome. $ ^3 $ plant v...
what 's the difference between a vesicle and a vacuole ?
introduction let ’ s imagine you are a pancreatic cell . your job is to secrete digestive enzymes , which travel into the small intestine and help break down nutrients from food . in order to carry out this job , you somehow have to get those enzymes shipped from their site of synthesis—inside the cell—to their place o...
instead , they have another type of organelle called the vacuole . the large central vacuole stores water and wastes wastes , isolates hazardous materials , and has enzymes that can break down macromolecules and cellular components , like those of a lysosome. $ ^3 $ plant vacuoles also function in water balance and may...
what 's the difference between a lipid and a phospholipid ?
introduction let ’ s imagine you are a pancreatic cell . your job is to secrete digestive enzymes , which travel into the small intestine and help break down nutrients from food . in order to carry out this job , you somehow have to get those enzymes shipped from their site of synthesis—inside the cell—to their place o...
some of these vesicles deliver their contents to other parts of the cell where they will be used , such as the lysosome or vacuole . others fuse with the plasma membrane , delivering membrane-anchored proteins that function there and releasing secreted proteins outside the cell . cells that secrete many proteins—such a...
and why are proteins so important ?
introduction let ’ s imagine you are a pancreatic cell . your job is to secrete digestive enzymes , which travel into the small intestine and help break down nutrients from food . in order to carry out this job , you somehow have to get those enzymes shipped from their site of synthesis—inside the cell—to their place o...
these patches serve as exit sites for vesicles budding off from the rough er and are called transitional er $ ^1 $ . the golgi apparatus when vesicles bud off from the er , where do they go ? before reaching their final destination , the lipids and proteins in the transport vesicles need to be sorted , packaged , and t...
how do the vesicles know where to go - for example when a vesicle leaves the er how does it know to go to the golgi apparatus ?
introduction let ’ s imagine you are a pancreatic cell . your job is to secrete digestive enzymes , which travel into the small intestine and help break down nutrients from food . in order to carry out this job , you somehow have to get those enzymes shipped from their site of synthesis—inside the cell—to their place o...
the phagosome then fuses with a lysosome , forming a combined compartment where digestive enzymes destroy the pathogen . vacuoles plants cells do not have lysosomes . instead , they have another type of organelle called the vacuole .
i know there are vacuoles in plants and animals cells , are there any major differences between the two other than the size ?
introduction let ’ s imagine you are a pancreatic cell . your job is to secrete digestive enzymes , which travel into the small intestine and help break down nutrients from food . in order to carry out this job , you somehow have to get those enzymes shipped from their site of synthesis—inside the cell—to their place o...
as these ribosomes make proteins , they feed the newly forming protein chains into the lumen . some are transferred fully into the er and float inside , while others are anchored in the membrane . inside the er , the proteins fold and undergo modifications , such as the addition of carbohydrate side chains .
why is the inner membrane of the lysosome not affected by the enzymes present inside it ?
introduction let ’ s imagine you are a pancreatic cell . your job is to secrete digestive enzymes , which travel into the small intestine and help break down nutrients from food . in order to carry out this job , you somehow have to get those enzymes shipped from their site of synthesis—inside the cell—to their place o...
the phagosome then fuses with a lysosome , forming a combined compartment where digestive enzymes destroy the pathogen . vacuoles plants cells do not have lysosomes . instead , they have another type of organelle called the vacuole .
why are lysosomes found only in animal cells , not in plant cells ?
introduction let ’ s imagine you are a pancreatic cell . your job is to secrete digestive enzymes , which travel into the small intestine and help break down nutrients from food . in order to carry out this job , you somehow have to get those enzymes shipped from their site of synthesis—inside the cell—to their place o...
instead , they have another type of organelle called the vacuole . the large central vacuole stores water and wastes wastes , isolates hazardous materials , and has enzymes that can break down macromolecules and cellular components , like those of a lysosome. $ ^3 $ plant vacuoles also function in water balance and may...
and , do prokaryotes recycle macromolecules ?
introduction let ’ s imagine you are a pancreatic cell . your job is to secrete digestive enzymes , which travel into the small intestine and help break down nutrients from food . in order to carry out this job , you somehow have to get those enzymes shipped from their site of synthesis—inside the cell—to their place o...
introduction let ’ s imagine you are a pancreatic cell . your job is to secrete digestive enzymes , which travel into the small intestine and help break down nutrients from food .
what is a pancreatic cell ?
introduction let ’ s imagine you are a pancreatic cell . your job is to secrete digestive enzymes , which travel into the small intestine and help break down nutrients from food . in order to carry out this job , you somehow have to get those enzymes shipped from their site of synthesis—inside the cell—to their place o...
cells that secrete many proteins—such as salivary gland cells that secrete digestive enzymes , or cells of the immune system that secrete antibodies—have many golgi stacks . in plant cells , the golgi apparatus also makes polysaccharides ( long-chain carbohydrates ) , some of which are incorporated into the cell wall ....
how does protein travel through the cell wall in plant cell ?
introduction let ’ s imagine you are a pancreatic cell . your job is to secrete digestive enzymes , which travel into the small intestine and help break down nutrients from food . in order to carry out this job , you somehow have to get those enzymes shipped from their site of synthesis—inside the cell—to their place o...
after a moment of panic in which you consider calling the postal service , you relax , having remembered : i have an endomembrane system ! what is the endomembrane system ? the endomembrane system ( endo- = “ within ” ) is a group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify , package ,...
is the endomembrane system located in both plants and animal cells , or just one ?
introduction let ’ s imagine you are a pancreatic cell . your job is to secrete digestive enzymes , which travel into the small intestine and help break down nutrients from food . in order to carry out this job , you somehow have to get those enzymes shipped from their site of synthesis—inside the cell—to their place o...
importantly , peroxisomes—unlike lysosomes—are are not part of the endomembrane system . that means they do n't receive vesicles from the golgi apparatus . you can learn more about how proteins are shipped to the peroxisome in the article on protein targeting .
why would a vesicle take a protein straight from the golgi apparatus to the lysosome ?
introduction let ’ s imagine you are a pancreatic cell . your job is to secrete digestive enzymes , which travel into the small intestine and help break down nutrients from food . in order to carry out this job , you somehow have to get those enzymes shipped from their site of synthesis—inside the cell—to their place o...
importantly , peroxisomes—unlike lysosomes—are are not part of the endomembrane system . that means they do n't receive vesicles from the golgi apparatus . you can learn more about how proteins are shipped to the peroxisome in the article on protein targeting .
is n't it kinda a waste of energy for your body to create a protein just to have it be recycled ?