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overview social darwinism is a term scholars use to describe the practice of misapplying the biological evolutionary language of charles darwin to politics , the economy , and society . many social darwinists embraced laissez-faire capitalism and racism . they believed that government should not interfere in the “ surv... | during and after world war ii , the arguments of social darwinists and eugenicists lost popularity in the united states due to their association with nazi racial propaganda . modern biological science has completely discredited the theory of social darwinism . what do you think ? | why was social darwinism used as a justification ? |
what is this object ? the bactrian camel was used to haul trade goods along the silk roads leading out of china across the western regions into central asia and beyond . how was it made ? this object was made from light-colored earthenware clays , partly using molds with added sections that were joined together . the i... | tang dynasty ( 618-906 ) tombs of this type were multichambered constructions , often with passageways and niches where such objects would have been placed after the tomb owner ’ s body had been interred and funerary rituals completed . because of the lead glaze , which could be toxic if used in daily activities , such... | were the ancient chinese aware of the toxic properties of lead ? |
what is this object ? the bactrian camel was used to haul trade goods along the silk roads leading out of china across the western regions into central asia and beyond . how was it made ? this object was made from light-colored earthenware clays , partly using molds with added sections that were joined together . the i... | because of the lead glaze , which could be toxic if used in daily activities , such objects would not have been used by the living , but prepared especially for burial . how does this object reflect the life and times when it was made ? objects such as this one , even though it was intended for burial , gives us a colo... | what region of t'ang china was this object made in ? |
when the museo del palacio de bellas artes opened on november 29 , 1934 in mexico city , the general public finally had a chance to see diego rivera 's man , controller of the universe . at 15.75 x 37.5 feet , this epic work demands attentive viewing . less than ten months earlier rivera ’ s first version—originally ti... | at 15.75 x 37.5 feet , this epic work demands attentive viewing . less than ten months earlier rivera ’ s first version—originally titled man at the crossroads—was destroyed at rockefeller center in new york city after months of controversy . rivera was in the midst of a prolific period when he began this mural . | the essay said diego destroyed man at the crossroads , however the last paragraph has me confused re `` physically , in the museo ; '' , does this mean man at the crossroads still exists ? |
key points ( adapted from the ap* art history curriculum framework ) periods and definitions prehistory ( or the prehistoric period ) refers to the time before written records , however , human expression existed across the globe long before writing . writing emerged at different times in different parts of the world .... | the first agriculture occurred in southwest asia—in an area historians call the `` fertile crescent . '' prehistory was a time of major shifts in climate and environment . modern archaeology uses a stratigraphic process , where archaeologists precisely record each level and the location of all objects . | hello can you give me a range of time for the following 4 pre-historic ages ? |
key points ( adapted from the ap* art history curriculum framework ) periods and definitions prehistory ( or the prehistoric period ) refers to the time before written records , however , human expression existed across the globe long before writing . writing emerged at different times in different parts of the world .... | in the pacific region , people migrated from asia approximately 45,000 years over land bridges . the earliest created objects have been dated to c. 8,000 years ago . the lapita peoples , who moved eastward from melanesia to polynesia beginning about 4,000 years ago , created pottery with incised geometric designs that ... | neolithic - how many years ago was this ? |
key points ( adapted from the ap* art history curriculum framework ) periods and definitions prehistory ( or the prehistoric period ) refers to the time before written records , however , human expression existed across the globe long before writing . writing emerged at different times in different parts of the world .... | the earliest writing is found in ancient mesopotamia , c. 3200 b.c.e . often , art history texts begin with the prehistoric art of europe . however , very early art is found worldwide . | is there really a prehistoric art which is 77000 yrs old ? |
walking amidst the endless crowd of tall buildings in chicago ’ s downtown neighborhoods , the twenty-first century viewer , overwhelmed by the colossal hancock tower ( 1970 ) almost misses the comparatively stocky , whole-block office buildings and stores in chicago ’ s loop that first gave rise to the term “ skyscrap... | this is louis sullivan ’ s carson , pirie , scott building , a department store constructed in two stages in 1899 and 1903-04 . sullivan ’ s building is an important example of early chicago skyscraper architecture , and can also be seen as a fascinating indicator of the relationship between architecture and commerce .... | in the second paragraph , when is early ? |
walking amidst the endless crowd of tall buildings in chicago ’ s downtown neighborhoods , the twenty-first century viewer , overwhelmed by the colossal hancock tower ( 1970 ) almost misses the comparatively stocky , whole-block office buildings and stores in chicago ’ s loop that first gave rise to the term “ skyscrap... | for sullivan , the characteristic feature of a skyscraper was that it was tall , and so the building ’ s design should serve that goal by emphasizing its upward momentum . by the turn of the century , sullivan adapted these ideas to a new context , a department store for the schlesinger & amp ; mayer company that was s... | how many buildings has carson built in all ? |
walking amidst the endless crowd of tall buildings in chicago ’ s downtown neighborhoods , the twenty-first century viewer , overwhelmed by the colossal hancock tower ( 1970 ) almost misses the comparatively stocky , whole-block office buildings and stores in chicago ’ s loop that first gave rise to the term “ skyscrap... | sullivan ’ s building is an important example of early chicago skyscraper architecture , and can also be seen as a fascinating indicator of the relationship between architecture and commerce . the firm of adler & amp ; sullivan first became known in chicago in the early 1880s for the design of the auditorium building (... | tell me please , because here there are first features of art deco ? |
this delicate but large-scale work on paper , which depicts a female nude reclining intimately alongside a wolf , represents the assimilation of several themes that kiki smith has explored throughout her decades-long career . featuring an act of bonding between human and animal , the piece speaks not only to smith ’ s ... | these works emphasized the body ’ s vulnerability and made reference to feminist theories of the “ abject , ” which conceived of the body as a messy , porous , and boundary-less system . blood pool , for instance , features a small , apparently violated figure , huddled into a fetal position on the floor . many other w... | clearly the woman figure is on the ground in a highly vulnerable position , but is that all we take from it ? |
this delicate but large-scale work on paper , which depicts a female nude reclining intimately alongside a wolf , represents the assimilation of several themes that kiki smith has explored throughout her decades-long career . featuring an act of bonding between human and animal , the piece speaks not only to smith ’ s ... | the artistic narratives portrayed in her work are ones in which binaries are flipped and opposing qualities are merged ; in so doing , smith asserts a critical feminist position that favors the articulation of multiple meanings . “ walking around in a garden ” `` my career has stopped being linear . a couple of years a... | is the coloration around her legs and arm supposed to be blood ? |
this delicate but large-scale work on paper , which depicts a female nude reclining intimately alongside a wolf , represents the assimilation of several themes that kiki smith has explored throughout her decades-long career . featuring an act of bonding between human and animal , the piece speaks not only to smith ’ s ... | other works in the series include geneviève and the may wolf__— a bronze sculpture in which a standing female figure calmly embraces the wolf—and rapture , which is perhaps more closely aligned to red riding hood , as it depicts a woman stepping out from the stomach of the recumbent creature . the pair as depicted in l... | the forearm and hands seems to be missing , perhaps chewed off by an animal or symbolising something to do with having ones hands taken away ? |
gauguin ’ s return to paris from his first stay in tahiti in august 1893 did not go quite as he had hoped : no fanfare , no hero ’ s welcome , and most disappointingly of all no sales . gauguin and “ art pottery ” despite some critical interest in his work , success still seemed to elude him . what was more , after yea... | oviri was the largest and the last of these series . ceramics appealed to him for several reasons ; the first was financial , not only is clay cheap , but given its practical usages , gauguin hoped , misguidedly as it turned out , that his pottery would attract more buyers than his painting . then there was his famous ... | what were the `` practical '' applications of the clay works that gauguin was producing ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | what was the worst ? how did the columbian exchange shift cultural norms of native americans ? of european colonizers ? | other then disease , what other things or events decreased the population of native americans ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | at that time , it became the first truly global commodity ; english , french , dutch , spanish , and portuguese colonists all grew it for the world market . native peoples also introduced europeans to chocolate , made from cacao seeds and used by the aztec in mesoamerica as currency . mesoamerican indians consumed unsw... | why is there a question asked about mercantilism in the previous quiz when in fact , it is only introduced in this section ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | european explorers unwittingly brought with them chickenpox , measles , mumps , and smallpox , decimating some populations and wholly destroying others . one disease did travel the other direction—syphilis , a lethal sexually transmitted disease , came with travelers from the new world to europe for the first time . th... | what kind of disease was the most deadly ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | these two-way exchanges between the americas and europe/africa are known collectively as the columbian exchange . of all the commodities in the atlantic world , sugar proved to be the most important . indeed , in the colonial era , sugar carried the same economic importance as oil does today . | why was sugar so important ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | even so , europeans did not import tobacco in great quantities until the 1590s . at that time , it became the first truly global commodity ; english , french , dutch , spanish , and portuguese colonists all grew it for the world market . native peoples also introduced europeans to chocolate , made from cacao seeds and ... | would n't salt be the first global commodity ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | do you happen to have a simple definition ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | the columbian exchange : from the new world to the old world though of secondary importance to sugar , tobacco also had great value for europeans as a cash crop—a crop cultivated for sale instead of personal consumption . native americans had been growing tobacco for medicinal and ritual purposes for centuries before e... | why did the indians body ( immune system ) could n't repel the incoming viruses and other ... when the past topic ( native indian topic ) said that their bodies were well-nourished , strong and prepared ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | what was the worst ? how did the columbian exchange shift cultural norms of native americans ? of european colonizers ? | how did tea affect cultural norms in europe and the americas ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | columbus brought sugar to hispaniola in 1493 , and the new crop thrived . over the next century of colonization , caribbean islands and most other tropical areas became centers of sugar production , which in turn fueled the demand to enslave africans for labor . the columbian exchange : from the new world to the old wo... | why was the demand for slaves so high ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | colonial mercantilism , a set of protectionist policies designed to benefit the colonizing nation , relied on several factors : colonies rich in raw materials cheap labor colonial loyalty to the home government control of the shipping trade under this system , the colonies sent their raw materials—harvested by enslaved... | were paying jobs an abstract idea back then ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | what was the worst ? how did the columbian exchange shift cultural norms of native americans ? of european colonizers ? | were languages ( like englush or portuguese ) exchanged in the columbian exchange ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | over the next century of colonization , caribbean islands and most other tropical areas became centers of sugar production , which in turn fueled the demand to enslave africans for labor . the columbian exchange : from the new world to the old world though of secondary importance to sugar , tobacco also had great value... | does every country/state/continent have a cash crop ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | this process disrupted native economies and spurred early commercial capitalism . the columbian exchange : goods introduced by europe , produced in new world as europeans traversed the atlantic , they brought with them plants , animals , and diseases that changed lives and landscapes on both sides of the ocean . these ... | why did so many more natives die of diseases they were not immune too than europeans ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | this process disrupted native economies and spurred early commercial capitalism . the columbian exchange : goods introduced by europe , produced in new world as europeans traversed the atlantic , they brought with them plants , animals , and diseases that changed lives and landscapes on both sides of the ocean . these ... | i 'm sure there were diseases that killed lives stalk and maybe crops , right ? |
overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | overview mercantilism , an economic theory that rejected free trade and promoted government regulation of the economy for the purpose of enhancing state power , defined the economic policy of european colonizing countries . christopher columbus introduced horses , sugar plants , and disease to the new world , while fac... | what was the most deadly ? |
summary of customary units of volume cups | pints | quarts | gallons : - : | : - : | : - : | : - : $ 16 $ | $ 8 $ | $ 4 $ | $ \goldd1 $ $ 4 $ | $ 2 $ | $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac14 $ $ 2 $ | $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac12 $ | $ \dfrac18 $ $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac12 $ | $ \dfrac14 $ | $ \dfrac { 1 } { 16 } $ what is volume ? volume... | practice set 2 : converting units of volume want to try more problems like this ? check out these exercises : convert larger units to smaller units converting between units | why do we only multiply and divide when we convert ? |
summary of customary units of volume cups | pints | quarts | gallons : - : | : - : | : - : | : - : $ 16 $ | $ 8 $ | $ 4 $ | $ \goldd1 $ $ 4 $ | $ 2 $ | $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac14 $ $ 2 $ | $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac12 $ | $ \dfrac18 $ $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac12 $ | $ \dfrac14 $ | $ \dfrac { 1 } { 16 } $ what is volume ? volume... | practice set 2 : converting units of volume want to try more problems like this ? check out these exercises : convert larger units to smaller units converting between units | whats the difference between customary units and metric units for capacity ? |
summary of customary units of volume cups | pints | quarts | gallons : - : | : - : | : - : | : - : $ 16 $ | $ 8 $ | $ 4 $ | $ \goldd1 $ $ 4 $ | $ 2 $ | $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac14 $ $ 2 $ | $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac12 $ | $ \dfrac18 $ $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac12 $ | $ \dfrac14 $ | $ \dfrac { 1 } { 16 } $ what is volume ? volume... | for example , the volume of a bowl is the amount of space inside the bowl or how much water , for example it would take to fill the bowl . in the us customary system of measurement , the most common units of volume are cups , pints , quarts and gallons . how big are customary units of volume ? | what are the differences between us and other capacities ? |
summary of customary units of volume cups | pints | quarts | gallons : - : | : - : | : - : | : - : $ 16 $ | $ 8 $ | $ 4 $ | $ \goldd1 $ $ 4 $ | $ 2 $ | $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac14 $ $ 2 $ | $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac12 $ | $ \dfrac18 $ $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac12 $ | $ \dfrac14 $ | $ \dfrac { 1 } { 16 } $ what is volume ? volume... | summary of customary units of volume cups | pints | quarts | gallons : - : | : - : | : - : | : - : $ 16 $ | $ 8 $ | $ 4 $ | $ \goldd1 $ $ 4 $ | $ 2 $ | $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac14 $ $ 2 $ | $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac12 $ | $ \dfrac18 $ $ \goldd1 $ | $ \dfrac12 $ | $ \dfrac14 $ | $ \dfrac { 1 } { 16 } $ what is volume ? volume... | what is the density of the substance in g/ml ? |
key points : in interspecies competition , two species use the same limited resource . competition has a negative effect on both of the species ( -/- interaction ) . a species ' niche is basically its ecological role , which is defined by the set of conditions , resources , and interactions it needs ( or can make use o... | for example , a fish species ' niche might be defined partly by ranges of salinity ( saltiness ) , ph ( acidity ) , and temperature it can tolerate , as well as the types of food it can eat . as we 'll see , two organisms with exactly the same niche ca n't survive in the same habitat ( because they compete for exactly ... | why ca n't there be a type of wasps and bees that feed on the exact same thing ( assuming they did ) and yet not drive each other to extinction ? |
key points : in interspecies competition , two species use the same limited resource . competition has a negative effect on both of the species ( -/- interaction ) . a species ' niche is basically its ecological role , which is defined by the set of conditions , resources , and interactions it needs ( or can make use o... | resource partitioning competitive exclusion may be avoided if one or both of the competing species evolves to use a different resource , occupy a different area of the habitat , or feed during a different time of day . the result of this kind of evolution is that two similar species use largely non-overlapping resource... | what happens when two organisms fight for the same resources ? |
key points plants have a variety of developmental , physiological , and growth responses to light—sometimes only to particular wavelengths of light . in phototropism a plant bends or grows directionally in response to light . shoots usually move towards the light ; roots usually move away from it . in photoperiodism fl... | however , the response—bending , at a cellular level , unequal elongation of cells—took place well below the tip . they concluded that some kind of signal must be sent downwards from the coleoptile ’ s tip towards its base . in 1913 , danish physiologist peter boysen-jensen followed up on this work by showing that a ch... | how did danish physiologist come up with the idea to cut off the tip of a coleoptile ? |
key points plants have a variety of developmental , physiological , and growth responses to light—sometimes only to particular wavelengths of light . in phototropism a plant bends or grows directionally in response to light . shoots usually move towards the light ; roots usually move away from it . in photoperiodism fl... | they can increase their upward growth to outcompete their neighbors and get a bigger share of sunshine . plant responses to light depend , logically enough , on the plant ’ s ability to sense light . light sensing in plants involves special molecules called photoreceptors , which are made up of a protein linked to a li... | what is the difference between plant and animal cell ? |
key points plants have a variety of developmental , physiological , and growth responses to light—sometimes only to particular wavelengths of light . in phototropism a plant bends or grows directionally in response to light . shoots usually move towards the light ; roots usually move away from it . in photoperiodism fl... | phototropism one important light response in plants is phototropism , which involves growth toward—or away from—a light source . positive phototropism is growth towards a light source ; negative phototropism is growth away from light . shoots , or above-ground parts of plants , generally display positive phototropism—t... | i am curious , is negative phototropism a simple derivative of the positive phototropism as a mandatory part of the nomenclature , or is it actually a well-described phenomenon ? |
key points plants have a variety of developmental , physiological , and growth responses to light—sometimes only to particular wavelengths of light . in phototropism a plant bends or grows directionally in response to light . shoots usually move towards the light ; roots usually move away from it . in photoperiodism fl... | like other plant photoreceptors , phototropins are made up of a protein bound to a light-absorbing organic molecule , called the chromophore . phototropins absorb light in the blue range of the spectrum . when they absorb light , they change shape , become active , and can change the activity of other proteins in the c... | i am struggling to connect the link between phytochromes , cryptochromes and phototropins - are the phytochromes dominant in red and far red light situations and then these effects are taken over by the blue light dominant proteins ( plus zaxanthin ) ? |
key points plants have a variety of developmental , physiological , and growth responses to light—sometimes only to particular wavelengths of light . in phototropism a plant bends or grows directionally in response to light . shoots usually move towards the light ; roots usually move away from it . in photoperiodism fl... | they can increase their upward growth to outcompete their neighbors and get a bigger share of sunshine . plant responses to light depend , logically enough , on the plant ’ s ability to sense light . light sensing in plants involves special molecules called photoreceptors , which are made up of a protein linked to a li... | could you limit the amount of red-spectrum light a plant receives to stimulate growth , as phytochromes help determine whether or not the plant is being shaded by its neighbors , or would that not work ? |
key points plants have a variety of developmental , physiological , and growth responses to light—sometimes only to particular wavelengths of light . in phototropism a plant bends or grows directionally in response to light . shoots usually move towards the light ; roots usually move away from it . in photoperiodism fl... | they can increase their upward growth to outcompete their neighbors and get a bigger share of sunshine . plant responses to light depend , logically enough , on the plant ’ s ability to sense light . light sensing in plants involves special molecules called photoreceptors , which are made up of a protein linked to a li... | would that change how quickly the plant produces seeds or fruit ? |
overview the byzantine empire was the eastern continuation of the roman empire after the western roman empire 's fall in the fifth century ce . it lasted from the fall of the roman empire until the ottoman conquest in 1453 . continuities : the byzantine empire initially maintained many roman systems of governance and l... | two of these changes were the new capital at byzantium and the new christian character of the empire ( constantine legalized christianity and eventually converted himself ) . these changes eventually created a distinct culture which would characterize the byzantine empire after the fall of the western roman empire in 4... | how long did the byzantine empire and the roman empire grew together ? |
overview the byzantine empire was the eastern continuation of the roman empire after the western roman empire 's fall in the fifth century ce . it lasted from the fall of the roman empire until the ottoman conquest in 1453 . continuities : the byzantine empire initially maintained many roman systems of governance and l... | justinian also contributed to constantinople ’ s growth by creating trade routes linking the capital to major cities to the east and west . a changing empire even after justinian ’ s efforts to reunify the byzantine empire , reconquer territory , and institute reforms , the stability of the byzantine empire was at risk... | what were some of the ways the byzantine empire changed during justinian 's reign ? |
background partial derivatives vector fields cross product curl warmup note : throughout this article i will use the convention that $ \hat { \textbf { i } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ x $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { j } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ y $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { k } } $ ... | in fact , the $ \vec { \textbf { k } } $ component has precisely the same formula as the $ \text { 2d-curl } $ . this should make sense because the $ \vec { \textbf { k } } $ -component of curl should measure the component of fluid rotation which is parallel to the $ xy $ -plane . likewise , the $ \hat { \textbf { i } ... | should n't the k-component of the curl be perpendicular on the xy-plane ? |
background partial derivatives vector fields cross product curl warmup note : throughout this article i will use the convention that $ \hat { \textbf { i } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ x $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { j } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ y $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { k } } $ ... | visualizing fluid rotation in three dimensions for a general fluid flow in three dimensions , the rotation may not always be purely parallel to the $ xy $ -plane . this can make it hard to picture what 's going on . really hard . | how do you make such beautiful animations ? |
background partial derivatives vector fields cross product curl warmup note : throughout this article i will use the convention that $ \hat { \textbf { i } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ x $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { j } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ y $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { k } } $ ... | for example , with specific vector field given above , defined by $ ( { y^3 - 9y } ) \hat { \textbf { i } } + ( { x^3 - 9x } ) \hat { \textbf { j } } $ , this answer would be $ \begin { align } \quad \dfrac { \partial ( { x^3-9x } ) } { \partial x } - \dfrac { \partial ( { y^3-9y } ) } { \partial y } & amp ; = 3x^2 - 9... | in the `` two dimensional fluid rotation revisited '' session , should the result `` 12-3=9 radians/second '' the twice of the angular velocity near that point ? |
background partial derivatives vector fields cross product curl warmup note : throughout this article i will use the convention that $ \hat { \textbf { i } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ x $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { j } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ y $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { k } } $ ... | one little nuance i should point out is that when you evaluate the curl near a point to get a vector ( thought of as a rotation vector ) , the magnitude of that vector does not equal the angular speed of the imagined fluid near that point . instead the magnitude is equal to twice the angular speed of the fluid . exampl... | hidden `` why twice the angular speed ? |
background partial derivatives vector fields cross product curl warmup note : throughout this article i will use the convention that $ \hat { \textbf { i } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ x $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { j } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ y $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { k } } $ ... | the curl vector field should be scaled by one-half if you want the magnitude of curl vectors to equal the rotational speed of the fluid . if a three-dimensional vector-valued function $ \vec { \textbf { v } } ( x , y , z ) $ has component functions $ \bluee { v_1 } ( x , y , z ) $ , $ \rede { v_2 } ( x , y , z ) $ and ... | `` : does n't del v2 / del x give angular speed of particles left and right of ( x0 , y0 ) ( rather than above and below the point ) ? |
background partial derivatives vector fields cross product curl warmup note : throughout this article i will use the convention that $ \hat { \textbf { i } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ x $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { j } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ y $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { k } } $ ... | the air blowing around it may cause it to spin in some way or another . the curl vector attached to that point will be the vector describing this tiny tennis ball 's rotation , in the same way , we described the earth 's rotation using a single vector above . alternatively , take an archer 's arrow with nice thick feat... | what is the intuition behind this curl vector ? |
background partial derivatives vector fields cross product curl warmup note : throughout this article i will use the convention that $ \hat { \textbf { i } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ x $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { j } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ y $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { k } } $ ... | this should make sense because the $ \vec { \textbf { k } } $ -component of curl should measure the component of fluid rotation which is parallel to the $ xy $ -plane . likewise , the $ \hat { \textbf { i } } $ and $ \hat { \textbf { j } } $ components measure the component of the fluid rotation parallel to the $ yz $ ... | do n't the particles rotate with respect to the i and j components in these examples ? |
background partial derivatives vector fields cross product curl warmup note : throughout this article i will use the convention that $ \hat { \textbf { i } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ x $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { j } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ y $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { k } } $ ... | a positive angular velocity indicates a counter-clockwise rotation while a negative number indicates a clockwise rotation . the absolute value of the angular velocity gives the speed of rotation , typically in radians per second . for an object rotating in three dimensions , the situation is more complicated . | how do we get angular velocity in radians/second if we have n't parametrized the vector-valued function ? |
background partial derivatives vector fields cross product curl warmup note : throughout this article i will use the convention that $ \hat { \textbf { i } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ x $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { j } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ y $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { k } } $ ... | if we did this at every point , assigning a vector to the rotation around each point on the $ xy $ -plane according to the formula $ \text { 2d-curl } \ , \vec { \textbf { v } } ( x , y ) = 3x^2 - 3y^2 $ , you would end up with something like this : vectors pointing in the positive $ z $ -direction indicate countercloc... | in other words , if we do n't have a time component , how do we know the speed of the rotation at any given moment ? |
background partial derivatives vector fields cross product curl warmup note : throughout this article i will use the convention that $ \hat { \textbf { i } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ x $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { j } } $ represents the unit vector in the $ y $ -direction . $ \hat { \textbf { k } } $ ... | if a fluid flows in three-dimensional space along a vector field , the rotation of that fluid around each point , represented as a vector , is given by the curl of the original vector field evaluated at that point . the curl vector field should be scaled by one-half if you want the magnitude of curl vectors to equal th... | or does curl just give us rotational speed relative to other points in the field ? |
overview bill clinton was the 42nd president of the united states . he was elected in 1992 and reelected in 1996 , becoming the first democratic president since franklin d. roosevelt to serve two terms in office . clinton came to the white house with an ambitious domestic policy agenda centered on economic growth and i... | the clinton administration proved less successful in the realm of healthcare reform . although implementing a national health care plan with universal coverage was a top priority for clinton , opposition from republicans , the american medical association , and the health insurance industry proved an insurmountable obs... | why did republicans oppose the new health care plan clinton wanted to propose ? |
overview bill clinton was the 42nd president of the united states . he was elected in 1992 and reelected in 1996 , becoming the first democratic president since franklin d. roosevelt to serve two terms in office . clinton came to the white house with an ambitious domestic policy agenda centered on economic growth and i... | clinton came to the white house with an ambitious domestic policy agenda centered on economic growth and immediately took steps to reduce the federal budget deficit . clinton ’ s second term was marred by scandal , as he was impeached for lying to congress and the american people about an extramarital affair with white... | why was andrew johnson impeached ? |
overview bill clinton was the 42nd president of the united states . he was elected in 1992 and reelected in 1996 , becoming the first democratic president since franklin d. roosevelt to serve two terms in office . clinton came to the white house with an ambitious domestic policy agenda centered on economic growth and i... | despite the lewinsky affair , clinton left the white house with the highest approval rating of any us president in the post-world war ii era . bill clinton ’ s rise to power bill clinton was born william jefferson blythe iii in hope , arkansas in 1946 but formally adopted his stepfather ’ s surname , clinton , when he ... | did bill clinton have ideas similar to those of the new democrats , or did he just make an appeal to the new democrats to get their vote ? |
overview bill clinton was the 42nd president of the united states . he was elected in 1992 and reelected in 1996 , becoming the first democratic president since franklin d. roosevelt to serve two terms in office . clinton came to the white house with an ambitious domestic policy agenda centered on economic growth and i... | what were his biggest shortcomings ? why do you think clinton continued to enjoy such great popularity even after the monica lewinsky scandal ? overall , how would you rate bill clinton ’ s performance as president ? | why did clinton enjoy such a high approval rating even though he was impeached ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | questions what can we really know about the creators of these paintings and what the images originally meant ? these are questions that are difficult enough when we study art made only 500 years ago . it is much more perilous to assert meaning for the art of people who shared our anatomy but had not yet developed the c... | if i make a sketch today with charcoal my great-grandfather bought 100 years ago , does the age of the pigment change if i use it now ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | wear patterns suggest that they may have been strung beads . nassarius shell beads found in israel may be more than 100,000 years old and in the blombos cave in south africa , pierced shells and small pieces of ochre ( red haematite ) etched with simple geometric patterns have been found in a 75,000-year-old layer of s... | in terms of carbon-dating the pigment itself , is it not possible that the charcoal itself is 30,000 years old but the drawing is not ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | wear patterns suggest that they may have been strung beads . nassarius shell beads found in israel may be more than 100,000 years old and in the blombos cave in south africa , pierced shells and small pieces of ochre ( red haematite ) etched with simple geometric patterns have been found in a 75,000-year-old layer of s... | and how scientific is it to date a cave drawing based on the age of other artifacts found nearby or should n't that be considered more circumstantial ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . | also , any idea on why the art is so well preserved ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | it dates to 35,000 b.c.e . the caves the caves at chauvet-pont-d'arc , lascaux , pech merle , and altamira contain the best known examples of pre-historic painting and drawing . here are remarkably evocative renderings of animals and some humans that employ a complex mix of naturalism and abstraction . | is it possible that those images in the caves might have represented plans or schedules and organized tasks in a way ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | nassarius shell beads found in israel may be more than 100,000 years old and in the blombos cave in south africa , pierced shells and small pieces of ochre ( red haematite ) etched with simple geometric patterns have been found in a 75,000-year-old layer of sediment . the oldest representational art the oldest known re... | as a native american i was wondering how old the oldest u.s. based painting or artform is and any idea from when and what people ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | photographs show that the drawing shown above is very carefully rendered but may be misleading . we see a group of horses , rhinos and bison and we see them as a group , overlapping and skewed in scale . but the photograph distorts the way these animal figures would have been originally seen . | are these paintings the same ones , that we can see in the movie cave of forgotten dreams ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | archeologists that study paleolithic era humans , believe that the paintings discovered in 1994 , in the cave at chauvet-pont-d'arc in the ardéche valley in france , are more than 30,000 years old . the images found at lascaux and altamira are more recent , dating to approximately 15,000 b.c.e . the paintings at pech m... | what can we learn about the values of prehistoric people by looking at the images they created ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | we see a group of horses , rhinos and bison and we see them as a group , overlapping and skewed in scale . but the photograph distorts the way these animal figures would have been originally seen . the bright electric lights used by the photographer create a broad flat scope of vision ; how different to see each animal... | any speculation as to why the animal figures seem to be very accurate representations of the real thing , yet the human drawings are stick-like and much less realistic ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . | what could we take from roman art and other ancient civilzations arts to interpt art like this ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | it has been interpreted as depicting the thighs and genitals of a woman but there is also a drawing of a bison and a lion and the images are nearly intertwined . in addition to the drawings , the cave is littered with the skulls and bones of cave bear and the track of a wolf . there is also a foot print thought to have... | in the last paragraph , why is the cave littered with skulls , bones and tracks ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | the bright electric lights used by the photographer create a broad flat scope of vision ; how different to see each animal emerge from the dark under the flickering light cast by a flame . a word of caution in a 2009 presentation at uc san diego , dr. randell white , professor of anthropology at nyu , suggested that th... | could it be possible that the overlapping horses represent a herd of horses on the run ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | carbon samples date the charcoal used to depict the two head-to-head rhinoceroses ( see the image above , bottom right ) to between 30,340 and 32,410 years before 1995 when the samples were taken . the cave 's drawings depict other large animals including horses , mammoths , musk ox , ibex , reindeer , aurochs , megalo... | also it seems a chaotic scene as if there is a giant stampede with animals retreating from something perhaps a fire ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . | how long did this take to make the website and did u get these facts from wikipedia ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco that are pierced and covered with red ochre . | since all people migrated out of africa and eventually found themselves trying to adapt to new climates and terrains -- is it possible that they retained mythic or ancestral memories of important animals and traditions ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . | honey bees could not survive an ice age , but maybe their memory lived on in art ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | in addition to the drawings , the cave is littered with the skulls and bones of cave bear and the track of a wolf . there is also a foot print thought to have been made by an eight-year-old boy . essay by dr. beth harris and dr. steven zucker additional resources : the cave of chauvet-pont-d'arc a carved female figurin... | is it true that a foot-print was made by an eight year old boy in the cave ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | there is another drawing at chauvet-pont-d'arc that cautions us against ready assumptions . it has been interpreted as depicting the thighs and genitals of a woman but there is also a drawing of a bison and a lion and the images are nearly intertwined . in addition to the drawings , the cave is littered with the skulls... | i also wonder why these prehistoric people did n't draw images to themselves ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | photographs show that the drawing shown above is very carefully rendered but may be misleading . we see a group of horses , rhinos and bison and we see them as a group , overlapping and skewed in scale . but the photograph distorts the way these animal figures would have been originally seen . | when i look at cave paintings i can see these people had wonderful skills , buy why they did n't draw any kind of portraits ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | do the tools of art history even apply ? here is evidence of a visual language that collapses the more than 1,000 generations that separate us , but we must be cautious . this is especially so if we want to understand the people that made this art as a way to understand ourselves . | what needs are the visual arts believed to have first fulfilled in human culture ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | chauvet-pont-d'arc the cave at chauvet-pont-d'arc is over 1,000 feet in length with two large chambers . carbon samples date the charcoal used to depict the two head-to-head rhinoceroses ( see the image above , bottom right ) to between 30,340 and 32,410 years before 1995 when the samples were taken . the cave 's drawi... | how did they take carbon samples and why ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | carbon samples date the charcoal used to depict the two head-to-head rhinoceroses ( see the image above , bottom right ) to between 30,340 and 32,410 years before 1995 when the samples were taken . the cave 's drawings depict other large animals including horses , mammoths , musk ox , ibex , reindeer , aurochs , megalo... | in the section on chauvet-pont-d'arc , when it says that scholars note these animals were not part of humans regular diet , were they referring to all the animals listed or just the owls ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | it dates to 35,000 b.c.e . the caves the caves at chauvet-pont-d'arc , lascaux , pech merle , and altamira contain the best known examples of pre-historic painting and drawing . here are remarkably evocative renderings of animals and some humans that employ a complex mix of naturalism and abstraction . | in caves how painters can get the material for drawing ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | it dates to 35,000 b.c.e . the caves the caves at chauvet-pont-d'arc , lascaux , pech merle , and altamira contain the best known examples of pre-historic painting and drawing . here are remarkably evocative renderings of animals and some humans that employ a complex mix of naturalism and abstraction . | how did explorers find `` the caves '' ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . | what is the top picture supposed to be ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | in addition to the drawings , the cave is littered with the skulls and bones of cave bear and the track of a wolf . there is also a foot print thought to have been made by an eight-year-old boy . essay by dr. beth harris and dr. steven zucker additional resources : the cave of chauvet-pont-d'arc a carved female figurin... | who was the 8 year old boy ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | the desire to speculate based on what we see and the physical evidence of the caves is wildly seductive . chauvet-pont-d'arc the cave at chauvet-pont-d'arc is over 1,000 feet in length with two large chambers . carbon samples date the charcoal used to depict the two head-to-head rhinoceroses ( see the image above , bot... | is there a way to visit the cave of chavet-pont-d'arch site/link in english ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | archeologists that study paleolithic era humans , believe that the paintings discovered in 1994 , in the cave at chauvet-pont-d'arc in the ardéche valley in france , are more than 30,000 years old . the images found at lascaux and altamira are more recent , dating to approximately 15,000 b.c.e . the paintings at pech m... | are there any archeological findings in other parts of the world that are comparable ( in regards to age and scope ) to lascaux ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . | how was the art made ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . | what is the oldest art piece in the whole world ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | it has been interpreted as depicting the thighs and genitals of a woman but there is also a drawing of a bison and a lion and the images are nearly intertwined . in addition to the drawings , the cave is littered with the skulls and bones of cave bear and the track of a wolf . there is also a foot print thought to have... | how on earth did cave men in france know what a rhino and lion was ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | it is much more perilous to assert meaning for the art of people who shared our anatomy but had not yet developed the cultures or linguistic structures that shaped who we have become . do the tools of art history even apply ? here is evidence of a visual language that collapses the more than 1,000 generations that sepa... | how were these paintings able to last such a long time does n't seem as if they 've even faded at all ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | in addition to the drawings , the cave is littered with the skulls and bones of cave bear and the track of a wolf . there is also a foot print thought to have been made by an eight-year-old boy . essay by dr. beth harris and dr. steven zucker additional resources : the cave of chauvet-pont-d'arc a carved female figurin... | seeing as prehistoric peoples made these intricate drawings , do you think they were more knowledgeable and sophisticated than as previously thought ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . | so how did art exactly begin , did someone start drawing on the cave walls just to see how something works , or did people know how to draw already ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | perhaps these are far more sophisticated representations than we have imagined . there is another drawing at chauvet-pont-d'arc that cautions us against ready assumptions . it has been interpreted as depicting the thighs and genitals of a woman but there is also a drawing of a bison and a lion and the images are nearly... | also who was the first person to ever create a drawing ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . | dr. randell white was suggesting that the artwork was sequential art depicting the life of the horse ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . | why do you take such a western art approach ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | carbon samples date the charcoal used to depict the two head-to-head rhinoceroses ( see the image above , bottom right ) to between 30,340 and 32,410 years before 1995 when the samples were taken . the cave 's drawings depict other large animals including horses , mammoths , musk ox , ibex , reindeer , aurochs , megalo... | not a question , just a spelling correction : megaceros deer should be megaloceros deer , right ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . | you forgot to mention petroglyphs in gobustan ( azerbaijan ) https : //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gobustan_national_park # /media/file : ancient_azerbaijan_4.jpg http : //whc.unesco.org/en/list/1076 or are n't they relevant ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | there is another drawing at chauvet-pont-d'arc that cautions us against ready assumptions . it has been interpreted as depicting the thighs and genitals of a woman but there is also a drawing of a bison and a lion and the images are nearly intertwined . in addition to the drawings , the cave is littered with the skulls... | maybe they drew the thighs and genitals of a woman for showing respect of social status of female at that time ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | it dates to 35,000 b.c.e . the caves the caves at chauvet-pont-d'arc , lascaux , pech merle , and altamira contain the best known examples of pre-historic painting and drawing . here are remarkably evocative renderings of animals and some humans that employ a complex mix of naturalism and abstraction . | would the repetitions made in the caves perhaps reflect back on the spiritual life of the artist/community ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | it has been interpreted as depicting the thighs and genitals of a woman but there is also a drawing of a bison and a lion and the images are nearly intertwined . in addition to the drawings , the cave is littered with the skulls and bones of cave bear and the track of a wolf . there is also a foot print thought to have... | could the same be true of the cave paintings ? |
the oldest art : ornamentation humans make art . we do this for many reasons and with whatever technologies are available to us . extremely old , non-representational ornamentation has been found across africa . the oldest firmly-dated example is a collection of 82,000 year old nassarius snail shells found in morocco t... | there is also a foot print thought to have been made by an eight-year-old boy . essay by dr. beth harris and dr. steven zucker additional resources : the cave of chauvet-pont-d'arc a carved female figurine dating to at least 35,000 years ago recovered from caves in the hohle fels region of germany ( video ) lascaux : a... | i have no proof , of course , but is it not at least possible that the german archaeologists unearthed an early form of humour ? |
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