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as one of the wonders of africa , and one of the most unique religious buildings in the world , the great mosque of djenné , in present-day mali , is also the greatest achievement of sudano-sahelian architecture ( sudano-sahelian refers to the sudanian and sahel grassland of west africa ) . it is also the largest mud-b... | workers included masons who mixed tons of mud , sand , rice-husks , and water and formed the bricks that shape the current structure . the great mosque today the great mosque that we see today is rectilinear in plan and is partly enclosed by an exterior wall . an earthen roof covers the building , which is supported by... | so , what are the dimensions of this huge mosque ? |
as one of the wonders of africa , and one of the most unique religious buildings in the world , the great mosque of djenné , in present-day mali , is also the greatest achievement of sudano-sahelian architecture ( sudano-sahelian refers to the sudanian and sahel grassland of west africa ) . it is also the largest mud-b... | over the centuries , the great mosque has become the epicenter of the religious and cultural life of mali , and the community of djenné . it is also the site of a unique annual festival called the crepissage de la grand mosquée ( plastering of the great mosque ) . the great mosque that we see today is its third reconst... | when does the annual festival take place ? |
as one of the wonders of africa , and one of the most unique religious buildings in the world , the great mosque of djenné , in present-day mali , is also the greatest achievement of sudano-sahelian architecture ( sudano-sahelian refers to the sudanian and sahel grassland of west africa ) . it is also the largest mud-b... | workers included masons who mixed tons of mud , sand , rice-husks , and water and formed the bricks that shape the current structure . the great mosque today the great mosque that we see today is rectilinear in plan and is partly enclosed by an exterior wall . an earthen roof covers the building , which is supported by... | in the third paragraph of the section `` the great mosque today , '' the author mentions `` a special court reserved for women '' - are women only allowed to enter this one section of the mosque ? |
as one of the wonders of africa , and one of the most unique religious buildings in the world , the great mosque of djenné , in present-day mali , is also the greatest achievement of sudano-sahelian architecture ( sudano-sahelian refers to the sudanian and sahel grassland of west africa ) . it is also the largest mud-b... | based on caillié ’ s description , his visit likely coincided with a period when the mosque had not been re-plastered for several years , and multiple rainy seasons had probably washed away all the plaster and worn the mud-brick . a second mosque built between 1834 and 1836 replaced the original and damaged building de... | who was involved in building the mosque ? |
as one of the wonders of africa , and one of the most unique religious buildings in the world , the great mosque of djenné , in present-day mali , is also the greatest achievement of sudano-sahelian architecture ( sudano-sahelian refers to the sudanian and sahel grassland of west africa ) . it is also the largest mud-b... | based on caillié ’ s description , his visit likely coincided with a period when the mosque had not been re-plastered for several years , and multiple rainy seasons had probably washed away all the plaster and worn the mud-brick . a second mosque built between 1834 and 1836 replaced the original and damaged building de... | in the second picture , are the people walking towards the mosque muslims ? |
as one of the wonders of africa , and one of the most unique religious buildings in the world , the great mosque of djenné , in present-day mali , is also the greatest achievement of sudano-sahelian architecture ( sudano-sahelian refers to the sudanian and sahel grassland of west africa ) . it is also the largest mud-b... | workers included masons who mixed tons of mud , sand , rice-husks , and water and formed the bricks that shape the current structure . the great mosque today the great mosque that we see today is rectilinear in plan and is partly enclosed by an exterior wall . an earthen roof covers the building , which is supported by... | how many people did it take to build the mosque ? |
most traditional religions in africa have developed at the local level and are unique to a particular society . common elements include a belief in a creator god , who is rarely if ever represented in art and directly approached by worshipers . instead , the supreme deity is petitioned through intermediaries , or lesse... | in the late fifteenth century , christianity was introduced into sub- saharan africa by portuguese explorers and traders . although most african cultures did not adopt the religion , the kongo king afonso mvemba a nzinga established christianity as the state religion in the early sixteenth century ( example here ) . du... | what 's up with every religion having an afterlife ? |
“ all art constantly aspires to the condition of music ” – walter pater a troubled past when he wrote that statement , i doubt that walter pater had in mind the veritable rock opera that is the ghent altarpiece , now housed in the cathedral of st. bavo , ghent ( in present-day belgium ) . from its singing , costumed , ... | in this episode ( while `` dead '' to the world ) , christ breaks open the doors of hell . he frees and saves pagan writers ( like homer ) , prophets of the old testament ( like moses ) , and adam and eve—all of whose deaths preceded christ's birth and who could not otherwise have experienced eternal salvation through ... | - the corinthian column is the architecture scene is smooth black do we have something like this ? |
“ all art constantly aspires to the condition of music ” – walter pater a troubled past when he wrote that statement , i doubt that walter pater had in mind the veritable rock opera that is the ghent altarpiece , now housed in the cathedral of st. bavo , ghent ( in present-day belgium ) . from its singing , costumed , ... | in its basic configuration , the rather austere , largely monochromatic outer panels ( above ) —which show the kneeling patrons and statues of prophets and glimpses into orderly rooms ; are grounded in the material and sensible terrestrial world , in which gabriel appears to mary at the moment of the annunciation . but... | - on the singing angels scene there is a depicting of a soldier battling with snakes who is he and what does it present ? |
“ all art constantly aspires to the condition of music ” – walter pater a troubled past when he wrote that statement , i doubt that walter pater had in mind the veritable rock opera that is the ghent altarpiece , now housed in the cathedral of st. bavo , ghent ( in present-day belgium ) . from its singing , costumed , ... | from the right come the saints and the prophets , chief among them the giant ( and apocryphal ) st. christopher ( below ) , the male saints suitably dressed in simple tunics and robes in sober earth tones . these crowds approach the central panel . where are they all going ? | does the attire of the pilgrims or people in the center panel identify them as being associated with a particular monastic order or confraternity ? |
key points : gregor mendel studied inheritance of traits in pea plants . he proposed a model where pairs of `` heritable elements , '' or genes , specified traits . genes come in different versions , or alleles . a dominant allele hides a recessive allele and determines the organism 's appearance . when an organism mak... | he proposed a model where pairs of `` heritable elements , '' or genes , specified traits . genes come in different versions , or alleles . a dominant allele hides a recessive allele and determines the organism 's appearance . | homologous genes come from homologous chromosomes ? |
key points : gregor mendel studied inheritance of traits in pea plants . he proposed a model where pairs of `` heritable elements , '' or genes , specified traits . genes come in different versions , or alleles . a dominant allele hides a recessive allele and determines the organism 's appearance . when an organism mak... | in particular , it does n't account for the $ 3:1 $ ratio . for that , we need mendel 's law of segregation . according to the law of segregation , only one of the two gene copies present in an organism is distributed to each gamete ( egg or sperm cell ) that it makes , and the allocation of the gene copies is random . | how did mendel derive his law of segregation from this monohybrid experiment ? |
key points : gregor mendel studied inheritance of traits in pea plants . he proposed a model where pairs of `` heritable elements , '' or genes , specified traits . genes come in different versions , or alleles . a dominant allele hides a recessive allele and determines the organism 's appearance . when an organism mak... | this was n't because he was some kind of crazy super genius , but rather , because he was very careful , persistent , and curious , and also because he thought about his results mathematically ( for instance , the $ 3:1 $ ratio ) . these are some of the qualities of a great scientist—ones that anyone , anywhere , can d... | so would my grandparents be the f2 generation of my great great grandparents ? |
key points : gregor mendel studied inheritance of traits in pea plants . he proposed a model where pairs of `` heritable elements , '' or genes , specified traits . genes come in different versions , or alleles . a dominant allele hides a recessive allele and determines the organism 's appearance . when an organism mak... | when an organism makes gametes , each gamete receives just one gene copy , which is selected randomly . this is known as the law of segregation . a punnett square can be used to predict genotypes ( allele combinations ) and phenotypes ( observable traits ) of offspring from genetic crosses . | in paragraph 3 , is sex-linked inheritance exclusively related to the law of segregation ? |
key points : gregor mendel studied inheritance of traits in pea plants . he proposed a model where pairs of `` heritable elements , '' or genes , specified traits . genes come in different versions , or alleles . a dominant allele hides a recessive allele and determines the organism 's appearance . when an organism mak... | when an organism makes gametes , each gamete receives just one gene copy , which is selected randomly . this is known as the law of segregation . a punnett square can be used to predict genotypes ( allele combinations ) and phenotypes ( observable traits ) of offspring from genetic crosses . | if not , does the law of segregation pertain to all types of inheritance ? |
key points : gregor mendel studied inheritance of traits in pea plants . he proposed a model where pairs of `` heritable elements , '' or genes , specified traits . genes come in different versions , or alleles . a dominant allele hides a recessive allele and determines the organism 's appearance . when an organism mak... | for seed color , the dominant yellow allele y hides the recessive green allele y . the set of alleles carried by an organism is known as its genotype . genotype determines phenotype , an organism 's observable features . when an organism has two copies of the same allele ( say , yy or yy ) , it is said to be homozygous... | how can environment influence genotype ? |
key points : gregor mendel studied inheritance of traits in pea plants . he proposed a model where pairs of `` heritable elements , '' or genes , specified traits . genes come in different versions , or alleles . a dominant allele hides a recessive allele and determines the organism 's appearance . when an organism mak... | in mendel 's model , parents pass along “ heritable factors , '' which we now call genes , that determine the traits of the offspring . each individual has two copies of a given gene , such as the gene for seed color ( y gene ) shown below . if these copies represent different versions , or alleles , of the gene , one ... | and what does it mean , in relation to genetic recombination , for an area on a gene to segregate together ? |
key points : gregor mendel studied inheritance of traits in pea plants . he proposed a model where pairs of `` heritable elements , '' or genes , specified traits . genes come in different versions , or alleles . a dominant allele hides a recessive allele and determines the organism 's appearance . when an organism mak... | key points : gregor mendel studied inheritance of traits in pea plants . he proposed a model where pairs of `` heritable elements , '' or genes , specified traits . genes come in different versions , or alleles . a dominant allele hides a recessive allele and determines the organism 's appearance . | can animal genes be replicated unto human genes ? |
key points : gregor mendel studied inheritance of traits in pea plants . he proposed a model where pairs of `` heritable elements , '' or genes , specified traits . genes come in different versions , or alleles . a dominant allele hides a recessive allele and determines the organism 's appearance . when an organism mak... | this is known as the law of segregation . a punnett square can be used to predict genotypes ( allele combinations ) and phenotypes ( observable traits ) of offspring from genetic crosses . a test cross can be used to determine whether an organism with a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous . | why do we do punnett square ? |
key points : gregor mendel studied inheritance of traits in pea plants . he proposed a model where pairs of `` heritable elements , '' or genes , specified traits . genes come in different versions , or alleles . a dominant allele hides a recessive allele and determines the organism 's appearance . when an organism mak... | the combinations of egg and sperm are then made in the boxes in the table , representing fertilization to make new individuals . because each square represents an equally likely event , we can determine genotype and phenotype ratios by counting the squares . the test cross mendel also came up with a way to figure out w... | are we going to use punnett squares ever in life ? |
key points : gregor mendel studied inheritance of traits in pea plants . he proposed a model where pairs of `` heritable elements , '' or genes , specified traits . genes come in different versions , or alleles . a dominant allele hides a recessive allele and determines the organism 's appearance . when an organism mak... | when an organism makes gametes , each gamete receives just one gene copy , which is selected randomly . this is known as the law of segregation . a punnett square can be used to predict genotypes ( allele combinations ) and phenotypes ( observable traits ) of offspring from genetic crosses . | in your law of segregation panel of explanation ( which can be hidden or otherwise and ) which occurs just before the test cross section , you refer to a pp genotype which i 'm pretty sure should be a yy genotype , could you clarify please ? |
a monumental tube of lipstick sprouting from a military vehicle appeared , uninvited , on the campus of yale university amidst the 1969 student protests against the vietnam war . while the sculpture may have seemed like a playful , if elaborate artistic joke , claes oldenburg ’ s lipstick ( ascending ) on caterpillar t... | for example , he rendered a clothespin on the scale of an ancient egyptian obelisk in a 1976 sculpture for philadelphia , pennsylvania ( below ) . by bringing both domestic and military objects into a public space , lipstick ( ascending ) on caterpillar tracks blurred the lines between public and private , and between ... | could this art have been considered an insult to the troops who lost their lives in vietnam ? |
there are two versions of leonardo 's virgin of the rocks ( the version in the louvre was painted first ) . these two paintings are a good place to start to define the qualities of the new style of the high renaissance . leonardo painted both in milan , where he had moved from florence . normally when we have seen mary... | similarly , the compositions of the paintings of the high renaissance are more complex and sophisticated than the compositions of the early renaissance—figures interact with gestures and glances , and are often interwoven and set within the shape of a pyramid . essay by dr. beth harris and dr. steven zucker additional ... | why did leonardo da vinci paint essentially the same , or at least very similar paintings twice , as we can see with the louvre 's version and the national gallery in london 's version of the virgin of the rocks ? |
there are two versions of leonardo 's virgin of the rocks ( the version in the louvre was painted first ) . these two paintings are a good place to start to define the qualities of the new style of the high renaissance . leonardo painted both in milan , where he had moved from florence . normally when we have seen mary... | in the foreground we see carefully observed and precisely rendered plants and flowers . we immediately notice mary 's ideal beauty and the graceful way in which she moves , features typical of the high renaissance . this is the first time that an italian renaissance artist has completely abandoned halos . fra filippo l... | marriage of the virgin reflects italian high renaissance beliefs ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | fermentation is a widespread pathway , but it is not the only way to get energy from fuels anaerobically ( in the absence of oxygen ) . some living systems instead use an inorganic molecule other than $ \text { o } _2 $ , such as sulfate , as a final electron acceptor for an electron transport chain . this process , ca... | is there a reason why flourine ca n't be used in place of oxygen as the final acceptor in the electron transport chain ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | this drop-off allows glycolysis to keep running by ensuring a steady supply of $ \text { nad } ^+ $ . lactic acid fermentation in lactic acid fermentation , $ \text { nadh } $ transfers its electrons directly to pyruvate , generating lactate as a byproduct . lactate , which is just the deprotonated form of lactic acid ... | would balsamic vinegar be an example of lactic acid fermentation since the grape bypasses the alcohol ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | alcohol fermentation another familiar fermentation process is alcohol fermentation , in which $ \text { nadh } $ donates its electrons to a derivative of pyruvate , producing ethanol . going from pyruvate to ethanol is a two-step process . in the first step , a carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate and released in as... | why plants can not regenerate pyruvate from ethanol ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | some living systems instead use an inorganic molecule other than $ \text { o } _2 $ , such as sulfate , as a final electron acceptor for an electron transport chain . this process , called anaerobic cellular respiration , is performed by some bacteria and archaea . in this article , we 'll take a closer look at anaerob... | can the products produced by anaerobic respiration harm the organism over time ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | lactic acid produced in muscle cells is transported through the bloodstream to the liver , where it ’ s converted back to pyruvate and processed normally in the remaining reactions of cellular respiration . alcohol fermentation another familiar fermentation process is alcohol fermentation , in which $ \text { nadh } $ ... | what enzymes are used in nad+ regeneration in alcoholic fermentation ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | in this article , we 'll take a closer look at anaerobic cellular respiration and at the different types of fermentation . anaerobic cellular respiration anaerobic cellular respiration is similar to aerobic cellular respiration in that electrons extracted from a fuel molecule are passed through an electron transport ch... | what are the similarities and differences in aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of energy transferred/ atp produced ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | alcohol fermentation another familiar fermentation process is alcohol fermentation , in which $ \text { nadh } $ donates its electrons to a derivative of pyruvate , producing ethanol . going from pyruvate to ethanol is a two-step process . in the first step , a carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate and released in as... | my understanding is that in a purely methanogenic system , you will see the following reaction pair : ch2o+2h2o- > co2+8h+ + 8e 8h+ + 8e- - > ch4+2h2o where are the protons and electrons coming from in the first step ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | this drop-off allows glycolysis to keep running by ensuring a steady supply of $ \text { nad } ^+ $ . lactic acid fermentation in lactic acid fermentation , $ \text { nadh } $ transfers its electrons directly to pyruvate , generating lactate as a byproduct . lactate , which is just the deprotonated form of lactic acid ... | what happens during alcohol and lactic acid fermentation ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | in fermentation , the only energy extraction pathway is glycolysis , with one or two extra reactions tacked on at the end . fermentation and cellular respiration begin the same way , with glycolysis . in fermentation , however , the pyruvate made in glycolysis does not continue through oxidation and the citric acid cyc... | and what gets oxidized and why is that crucial for glycolysis ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | however , alcohol is toxic to yeasts in large quantities ( just as it is to humans ) , which puts an upper limit on the percentage alcohol in these drinks . ethanol tolerance of yeast ranges from about $ 5 $ percent to $ 21 $ percent , depending on the yeast strain and environmental conditions . facultative and obligat... | does the amount of yeast added affect the abv percentage ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | in this article , we 'll take a closer look at anaerobic cellular respiration and at the different types of fermentation . anaerobic cellular respiration anaerobic cellular respiration is similar to aerobic cellular respiration in that electrons extracted from a fuel molecule are passed through an electron transport ch... | can someone explain clearly why anaerobic respiration is 2.5 times faster than aerobic respiration ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | lactic acid produced in muscle cells is transported through the bloodstream to the liver , where it ’ s converted back to pyruvate and processed normally in the remaining reactions of cellular respiration . alcohol fermentation another familiar fermentation process is alcohol fermentation , in which $ \text { nadh } $ ... | fermentation is sub-oxic process yes or no ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | in fermentation , the only energy extraction pathway is glycolysis , with one or two extra reactions tacked on at the end . fermentation and cellular respiration begin the same way , with glycolysis . in fermentation , however , the pyruvate made in glycolysis does not continue through oxidation and the citric acid cyc... | why is aerobic respiration more energy efficient ( producing more atp ) than glycolysis/fermentation ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | the image below is an aerial photograph of coastal waters , and the green patches indicate an overgrowth of sulfate-reducing bacteria . fermentation fermentation is another anaerobic ( non-oxygen-requiring ) pathway for breaking down glucose , one that 's performed by many types of organisms and cells . in fermentation... | why are fermentation and anaerobic production of atp by muscle cells less efficient than glycolysis ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | lactic acid produced in muscle cells is transported through the bloodstream to the liver , where it ’ s converted back to pyruvate and processed normally in the remaining reactions of cellular respiration . alcohol fermentation another familiar fermentation process is alcohol fermentation , in which $ \text { nadh } $ ... | in fermentation the temperature ranges are different , but in some alcohol fermentation the temp is maximum ( 20-25 ) celsius but after this range what will happen to the mixture ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiration is not possible—that is , when oxygen is n't around to act as an ... | thirdly what could happen to the reaction if not maintained a 25 celsius ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | however , alcohol is toxic to yeasts in large quantities ( just as it is to humans ) , which puts an upper limit on the percentage alcohol in these drinks . ethanol tolerance of yeast ranges from about $ 5 $ percent to $ 21 $ percent , depending on the yeast strain and environmental conditions . facultative and obligat... | which sugar do the yeast utilize best ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | lactic acid produced in muscle cells is transported through the bloodstream to the liver , where it ’ s converted back to pyruvate and processed normally in the remaining reactions of cellular respiration . alcohol fermentation another familiar fermentation process is alcohol fermentation , in which $ \text { nadh } $ ... | if lactic fermentation is a more efficient way of getting the electron out of nadh ( because lactate can be transformed back to pyruvate and reused ) then why ca n't plants and fungi do the same , instead of doing alcohol fermentation which would eventually kill themselves ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | this drop-off allows glycolysis to keep running by ensuring a steady supply of $ \text { nad } ^+ $ . lactic acid fermentation in lactic acid fermentation , $ \text { nadh } $ transfers its electrons directly to pyruvate , generating lactate as a byproduct . lactate , which is just the deprotonated form of lactic acid ... | what 's the difference between lactic acid fermentation and lactose fermentation ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | lactic acid produced in muscle cells is transported through the bloodstream to the liver , where it ’ s converted back to pyruvate and processed normally in the remaining reactions of cellular respiration . alcohol fermentation another familiar fermentation process is alcohol fermentation , in which $ \text { nadh } $ ... | can someone please explain what lactose fermentation is ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | in this article , we 'll take a closer look at anaerobic cellular respiration and at the different types of fermentation . anaerobic cellular respiration anaerobic cellular respiration is similar to aerobic cellular respiration in that electrons extracted from a fuel molecule are passed through an electron transport ch... | if cellular respiration is more efficient why do animals have the lactic acid metabolic pathway ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | lactic acid produced in muscle cells is transported through the bloodstream to the liver , where it ’ s converted back to pyruvate and processed normally in the remaining reactions of cellular respiration . alcohol fermentation another familiar fermentation process is alcohol fermentation , in which $ \text { nadh } $ ... | what is the primary goal of alcohol fermentation ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | in this article , we 'll take a closer look at anaerobic cellular respiration and at the different types of fermentation . anaerobic cellular respiration anaerobic cellular respiration is similar to aerobic cellular respiration in that electrons extracted from a fuel molecule are passed through an electron transport ch... | can bacteria undergo aerobic respiration even though they lack mitochondria ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | lactic acid produced in muscle cells is transported through the bloodstream to the liver , where it ’ s converted back to pyruvate and processed normally in the remaining reactions of cellular respiration . alcohol fermentation another familiar fermentation process is alcohol fermentation , in which $ \text { nadh } $ ... | which product of fermentation is the most important ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | lactic acid produced in muscle cells is transported through the bloodstream to the liver , where it ’ s converted back to pyruvate and processed normally in the remaining reactions of cellular respiration . alcohol fermentation another familiar fermentation process is alcohol fermentation , in which $ \text { nadh } $ ... | does alcohol fermentation happen when it is exposed to oxygen ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | the image below is an aerial photograph of coastal waters , and the green patches indicate an overgrowth of sulfate-reducing bacteria . fermentation fermentation is another anaerobic ( non-oxygen-requiring ) pathway for breaking down glucose , one that 's performed by many types of organisms and cells . in fermentation... | do plant cells undergo any form of fermentation in the absence of oxygen ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | muscle cells also carry out lactic acid fermentation , though only when they have too little oxygen for aerobic respiration to continue—for instance , when you ’ ve been exercising very hard . it was once thought that the accumulation of lactate in muscles was responsible for soreness caused by exercise , but recent re... | the article states that recent research suggests that soreness is not caused by the accumulation of lactate ; then what is the actual cause of the soreness and cramps in muscles after rigorous exercise ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | some living systems instead use an inorganic molecule other than $ \text { o } _2 $ , such as sulfate , as a final electron acceptor for an electron transport chain . this process , called anaerobic cellular respiration , is performed by some bacteria and archaea . in this article , we 'll take a closer look at anaerob... | if an organism is capable of both anaerobic respiration and fermentation and everything needed is equally available , which would it perform ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | lactic acid produced in muscle cells is transported through the bloodstream to the liver , where it ’ s converted back to pyruvate and processed normally in the remaining reactions of cellular respiration . alcohol fermentation another familiar fermentation process is alcohol fermentation , in which $ \text { nadh } $ ... | which process creates more energy , aerobic or fermentation ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | lactic acid produced in muscle cells is transported through the bloodstream to the liver , where it ’ s converted back to pyruvate and processed normally in the remaining reactions of cellular respiration . alcohol fermentation another familiar fermentation process is alcohol fermentation , in which $ \text { nadh } $ ... | what is the principle of b.subtilis fermentation ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | some living systems instead use an inorganic molecule other than $ \text { o } _2 $ , such as sulfate , as a final electron acceptor for an electron transport chain . this process , called anaerobic cellular respiration , is performed by some bacteria and archaea . in this article , we 'll take a closer look at anaerob... | does anyone know any good resources on anaerobic respiration using different electron acceptors ? |
introduction ever wonder how yeast ferment barley malt into beer ? or how your muscles keep working when you 're exercising so hard that they 're very low on oxygen ? both of these processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal , oxygen-using ( aerobic ) cellular respiratio... | lactic acid produced in muscle cells is transported through the bloodstream to the liver , where it ’ s converted back to pyruvate and processed normally in the remaining reactions of cellular respiration . alcohol fermentation another familiar fermentation process is alcohol fermentation , in which $ \text { nadh } $ ... | when will fermentation stop releasing co2 ? |
overview the late roman empire led big farms to convert themselves into self-sufficient estates , due to a trade crisis and labor shortage . tenant farmer status became hereditary , as the result of changes in roman labor law that tried to freeze existing social structures in place . as the western roman empire collaps... | those factors together would lead to the rise of guild economies , the renaissance , and the colonial voyages of discovery . what was the relationship between serfs and lords , broadly ? why did lords need serfs ? | was all serfs black as in the slaves in the 1960s ? |
overview the late roman empire led big farms to convert themselves into self-sufficient estates , due to a trade crisis and labor shortage . tenant farmer status became hereditary , as the result of changes in roman labor law that tried to freeze existing social structures in place . as the western roman empire collaps... | similar systems emerged independently throughout several different societies . what factors led to roman plebeians moving from the city to the countryside ? slavery and serfdom there are important distinctions between slavery and serfdom . | what factors led to roman plebeians moving from the city to the countryside ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | scholars continue to debate the validity of this label , admitting the usefulness of having a label for this distinct historical period , while also acknowledging its limitations in characterizing the variety of artistic styles present in the 17th century . essay by dr. esperança camara additional resources baroque rom... | where any more pieces of art that were leaning towards protestantism ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | scholars continue to debate the validity of this label , admitting the usefulness of having a label for this distinct historical period , while also acknowledging its limitations in characterizing the variety of artistic styles present in the 17th century . essay by dr. esperança camara additional resources baroque rom... | did the baroque era of painting have any significantly different technical styles ( paintingwise ) from the art of the renaissance ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | europe ’ s monarchs also adopted this artistic vocabulary to proclaim their own power and status . louis xiv , for example , commissioned the splendid buildings and gardens of versailles as a visual expression of his divine right to rule . peter paul rubens , elevation of the cross , 1610 , oil on wood , 15 ft 1-7/8 in... | aside from artists , were there other types of people working on these buildings , such as mathematicians , and architects ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | europe ’ s monarchs also adopted this artistic vocabulary to proclaim their own power and status . louis xiv , for example , commissioned the splendid buildings and gardens of versailles as a visual expression of his divine right to rule . peter paul rubens , elevation of the cross , 1610 , oil on wood , 15 ft 1-7/8 in... | and what cultures did the design inspiration come from for these buildings ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | it had to move the faithful to feel the reality of christ ’ s sacrifice , the suffering of the martyrs , the visions of the saints . caravaggio , the crowning with thorns , 1602-04 , oil on canvas , 165.5 x 127 cm ( kunsthistorisches museum , vienna ) the church ’ s emphasis on art ’ s pastoral role prompted artists to... | how common were these sorts of artists at the time ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | scholars continue to debate the validity of this label , admitting the usefulness of having a label for this distinct historical period , while also acknowledging its limitations in characterizing the variety of artistic styles present in the 17th century . essay by dr. esperança camara additional resources baroque rom... | is the barroque art movement part of the rennaissance or is it alright to say that the renaissance was strictly chatolic art and the barroque was on the side of protestantism ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | the art of persuasion : instruct , delight , move while the protestants harshly criticized the cult of images , the catholic church ardently embraced the religious power of art . the visual arts , the church argued , played a key role in guiding the faithful . they were certainly as important as the written and spoken ... | can you expand the visual presentation by including a print of the artist ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | these paintings included religious subjects for private contemplation , as seen in rembrandt ’ s poignant paintings and prints of biblical narratives , as well as portraits documenting individual likenesses . judith leyster , self-portrait , c. 1630 , oil on canvas , 651 x 746 cm ( national gallery of art , washington ... | i was just looking at judith leyster 's self-portrait , and was wondering if it would have been frowned upon for her to paint , or if it was something that was acceptable and normal ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | scholars continue to debate the validity of this label , admitting the usefulness of having a label for this distinct historical period , while also acknowledging its limitations in characterizing the variety of artistic styles present in the 17th century . essay by dr. esperança camara additional resources baroque rom... | in the twelfth paragraph under the protestant north if neoclassical artists thought baroque era art was like a '' imperfect pearl '' then why is it still around today ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | these works demonstrated as much artistic virtuosity and physical immediacy as the grand decorations of the palaces and churches of catholic europe . in the context of european history , the period from c. 1585 to c. 1700/1730 is often called the baroque era . the word baroque derives from the portuguese and spanish wo... | can someone explain the social context of baroque period ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | scholars continue to debate the validity of this label , admitting the usefulness of having a label for this distinct historical period , while also acknowledging its limitations in characterizing the variety of artistic styles present in the 17th century . essay by dr. esperança camara additional resources baroque rom... | would the painting styles present in baroque works carry over as an influence towards art in the future ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | these works demonstrated as much artistic virtuosity and physical immediacy as the grand decorations of the palaces and churches of catholic europe . in the context of european history , the period from c. 1585 to c. 1700/1730 is often called the baroque era . the word baroque derives from the portuguese and spanish wo... | and can people today recreate those paintings in the baroque period , especially considering new-found technology and cgi ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | in the context of european history , the period from c. 1585 to c. 1700/1730 is often called the baroque era . the word baroque derives from the portuguese and spanish words for a large , irregularly-shaped pearl—barroco and barrueco , respectively . eighteenth-century critics were the first to apply the term to the ar... | i have three questions ( and after i get off ka tonight i 'll go google them up ) , but i think the essay missed something critical as an introduction : first , what does the word `` baroque '' mean ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | these works demonstrated as much artistic virtuosity and physical immediacy as the grand decorations of the palaces and churches of catholic europe . in the context of european history , the period from c. 1585 to c. 1700/1730 is often called the baroque era . the word baroque derives from the portuguese and spanish wo... | secondly , what centuries are considered `` baroque '' and what was the dividing line between the renaissance and the baroque ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | scholars continue to debate the validity of this label , admitting the usefulness of having a label for this distinct historical period , while also acknowledging its limitations in characterizing the variety of artistic styles present in the 17th century . essay by dr. esperança camara additional resources baroque rom... | finally , when was the term `` baroque '' first used as a context for art ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | refurnishing the altars of antwerp ’ s churches kept peter paul rubens ’ workshop busy for many years . europe ’ s monarchs also adopted this artistic vocabulary to proclaim their own power and status . louis xiv , for example , commissioned the splendid buildings and gardens of versailles as a visual expression of his... | what happened to the monarchy 's power after the reformation ? |
gian lorenzo bernini ; view to cathedra petri ( chair of st. peter ) , gilded bronze , gold , wood , stained glass ; 1647-53 ( apse of saint peter 's basilica , vatican city , rome ) . image credit : steven zucker , cc by-nc-sa 2.0 rome : from the whore of babylon to the resplendent bride of christ when martin luther t... | these works demonstrated as much artistic virtuosity and physical immediacy as the grand decorations of the palaces and churches of catholic europe . in the context of european history , the period from c. 1585 to c. 1700/1730 is often called the baroque era . the word baroque derives from the portuguese and spanish wo... | how many countries had changed in the baroque era ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | oxidative phosphorylation is made up of two closely connected components : the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis . in the electron transport chain , electrons are passed from one molecule to another , and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient . in chemiosmosis ,... | how does the nadh from glycolisys gets into the matrix so its electron could be used ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | in bacteria , both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle happen in the cytosol , so no shuttle is needed and 5 atp are produced . 30-32 atp from the breakdown of one glucose molecule is a high-end estimate , and the real yield may be lower . for instance , some intermediates from cellular respiration may be siphoned off... | what does this mean for your table on the 'breakdown of one molecule of glucose ' ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | by providing an alternate route for protons to flow back into the matrix , the uncoupling proteins allow the energy of the gradient to be dissipated as heat . atp yield how many atp do we get per glucose in cellular respiration ? if you look in different books , or ask different professors , you 'll probably get slight... | where did the net yield go down ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | energy released in these reactions is captured as a proton gradient , which is then used to make atp in a process called chemiosmosis . together , the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis make up oxidative phosphorylation . the key steps of this process , shown in simplified form in the diagram above , include : d... | what does substrate level phosphorylation means ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | in the brown fat cells , uncoupling proteins are produced and inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane . these proteins are simply channels that allow protons to pass from the intermembrane space to the matrix without traveling through atp synthase . by providing an alternate route for protons to flow back into t... | if the volume of the intermembrane space was increased , what effect would this have on the function of a mitochondrion ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | as h $ ^+ $ ions flow down their gradient and back into the matrix , they pass through an enzyme called atp synthase , which harnesses the flow of protons to synthesize atp . we 'll look more closely at both the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis in the sections below . the electron transport chain the electron ... | how much h2o is produced is the electron transport chain ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | gradient-driven synthesis of atp . as h $ ^+ $ ions flow down their gradient and back into the matrix , they pass through an enzyme called atp synthase , which harnesses the flow of protons to synthesize atp . we 'll look more closely at both the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis in the sections below . | so is it possible that some electrons move from , lets say , enzyme 1 to enzyme 4 whithout getting to enzyme 3 ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | more broadly , chemiosmosis can refer to any process in which energy stored in a proton gradient is used to do work . although chemiosmosis accounts for over 80 % of atp made during glucose breakdown in cellular respiration , it ’ s not unique to cellular respiration . for instance , chemiosmosis is also involved in th... | why is cellular respiration considered exergonic ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | by providing an alternate route for protons to flow back into the matrix , the uncoupling proteins allow the energy of the gradient to be dissipated as heat . atp yield how many atp do we get per glucose in cellular respiration ? if you look in different books , or ask different professors , you 'll probably get slight... | i get that it releases energy in certain steps ( like oxidative phosphorylation ) but overall , is n't the main point of cellular respiration to generate atp ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | both complex i and complex ii pass their electrons to a small , mobile electron carrier called ubiquinone ( q ) , which is reduced to form qh $ _2 $ and travels through the membrane , delivering the electrons to complex iii . as electrons move through complex iii , more h $ ^+ $ ions are pumped across the membrane , an... | if the h+ ions are pumped across the membrane , how do the electrons at the end of the etc and the split molecular oxygen atoms get access to h+ ions in the matrix ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | by providing an alternate route for protons to flow back into the matrix , the uncoupling proteins allow the energy of the gradient to be dissipated as heat . atp yield how many atp do we get per glucose in cellular respiration ? if you look in different books , or ask different professors , you 'll probably get slight... | the whole reaction of cellular respiration is : c6h12o6 + 6o2 - > 6co2 + 6h2o in glycolysis there are 2 h2o produced per one glucose in krebs cycle there are 4 h2o used per one glucose so , before etc there are net 2 h2o used per one glucose does n't it means there should be 8 h2o produced in etc ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | as h $ ^+ $ ions flow down their gradient and back into the matrix , they pass through an enzyme called atp synthase , which harnesses the flow of protons to synthesize atp . we 'll look more closely at both the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis in the sections below . the electron transport chain the electron ... | how much does cyanide reduces the yield of atp in electron transport chain ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | electrons from fadh $ _2 $ , which enter the chain at a later stage , drive pumping of only 6 h $ ^+ $ , leading to production of about 1.5 atp . with this information , we can do a little inventory for the breakdown of one molecule of glucose : stage|direct products ( net ) |ultimate atp yield ( net ) -|-|- glycolysis... | so if i 'm right , for every pyruvate 2 h2o molecules are produced ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . | but the overall reaction for the aerobic metabolism says 6 o2 's are needed ... can someone explain to me where we need the extra 4 o2 's for ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | this range is lower than previous estimates because it accounts for the necessary transport of adp into , and atp out of , the mitochondrion . where does the figure of 30-32 atp come from ? two net atp are made in glycolysis , and another two atp ( or energetically equivalent gtp ) are made in the citric acid cycle . b... | why are there two different methods to form atp in humans ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | in the process , they turn back into nad $ ^+ $ and fad , which can be reused in other steps of cellular respiration . electron transfer and proton pumping . as electrons are passed down the chain , they move from a higher to a lower energy level , releasing energy . | how many protons does each proton pump , pump into the inner membrane space , each time an electron pair passes through it ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | energy released in these reactions is captured as a proton gradient , which is then used to make atp in a process called chemiosmosis . together , the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis make up oxidative phosphorylation . the key steps of this process , shown in simplified form in the diagram above , include : d... | what happens if oxidative phopsphorylation can not occur ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | more broadly , chemiosmosis can refer to any process in which energy stored in a proton gradient is used to do work . although chemiosmosis accounts for over 80 % of atp made during glucose breakdown in cellular respiration , it ’ s not unique to cellular respiration . for instance , chemiosmosis is also involved in th... | are some of the 6 oxygen molecules being used somewhere else in the cellular respiration or is there something i 'm missing ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | this is important because the oxidized forms of these electron carriers are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and must be available to keep these processes running . makes a proton gradient . the transport chain builds a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane , with a higher concentration of... | are there any other ways a a proton gradient can be used in the mitochondria ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | instead of being turned by water , it ’ s turned by the flow of h $ ^+ $ ions moving down their electrochemical gradient . as atp synthase turns , it catalyzes the addition of a phosphate to adp , capturing energy from the proton gradient as atp . this process , in which energy from a proton gradient is used to make at... | however in the last step where you describe the atp-synthase you all of the sudden have adp + p. i dont understand where that adp is coming from as youve only oxidized your nadh ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | the electron transport chain the electron transport chain is a collection of membrane-embedded proteins and organic molecules , most of them organized into four large complexes labeled i to iv . in eukaryotes , many copies of these molecules are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane . in prokaryotes , the electron ... | how many membrane proteins are there in the etc ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | as electrons move through complex iii , more h $ ^+ $ ions are pumped across the membrane , and the electrons are ultimately delivered to another mobile carrier called cytochrome c ( cyt c ) . cyt c carries the electrons to complex iv , where a final batch of h $ ^+ $ ions is pumped across the membrane . complex iv pas... | where do the h+ come from that get pumped into the inter-membrane space to make a gradient ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | gradient-driven synthesis of atp . as h $ ^+ $ ions flow down their gradient and back into the matrix , they pass through an enzyme called atp synthase , which harnesses the flow of protons to synthesize atp . we 'll look more closely at both the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis in the sections below . | if the h+ ions are utilised in forming water where do the other h+ ions come from to pass through the atp synthase ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | electrons from fadh $ _2 $ , which enter the chain at a later stage , drive pumping of only 6 h $ ^+ $ , leading to production of about 1.5 atp . with this information , we can do a little inventory for the breakdown of one molecule of glucose : stage|direct products ( net ) |ultimate atp yield ( net ) -|-|- glycolysis... | btw is atp synthase an enzymatic complex or is it just a single enzyme ? |
why do we need oxygen ? you , like many other organisms , need oxygen to live . as you know if you ’ ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long , lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out , and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death . but have you ever wondered why that ’ s the case , or what ... | so , where does oxygen fit into this picture ? oxygen sits at the end of the electron transport chain , where it accepts electrons and picks up protons to form water . if oxygen isn ’ t there to accept electrons ( for instance , because a person is not breathing in enough oxygen ) , the electron transport chain will st... | if there is no adp at the time in the mitochondrial matrix , will o2 still be utilised to accept electrons at the end of the electron transport chain ? |
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