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let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | so you see the pattern . negative 1 to the 0 power is 1 . negative 1 to the first power is negative 1 . | so if 0^0 is 1*0 zero times you would still be left with the 1 , right ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | negative 1 to the 0 power is 1 . negative 1 to the first power is negative 1 . then you multiply it by negative 1 , you 're going to get positive 1 . | was the idea to always start out by multiplying by 1 first just a solution for raising to the zero power ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | and then you could see that if you went to negative 1 to the fourth power . negative 1 the fourth power ? well , you could start with a 1 and then multiply it by negative 1 four times , so a negative 1 times negative 1 , times negative 1 , times negative 1 , which is just going to be equal to positive 1 . | what happens if you do 6 to the 8th power ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | so let 's take negative 1 . and let 's first raise it to the 0 power . so once again , this is just going , based on this definition , this is starting with a 1 and then multiplying it by this number 0 times . | what is 0 to the 0th power ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | and just as a little bit of intuition here , you could literally view this as our other definition of exponentiation , which is you start with a 1 , and this number says how many times you 're going to multiply that 1 times this number . so 1 times 1 zero times is just going to be 1 . and that was a little bit clearer ... | what is zero divided by zero ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | so you see the pattern . negative 1 to the 0 power is 1 . negative 1 to the first power is negative 1 . | wait ... why would 1^0 be up to debate ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | negative 1 to the 0 power is 1 . negative 1 to the first power is negative 1 . then you multiply it by negative 1 , you 're going to get positive 1 . | or negative 6 to the negative 8th power ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | so you see the pattern . negative 1 to the 0 power is 1 . negative 1 to the first power is negative 1 . | ex 1/1 = -24/-24 = 565/565 = 1234567890/1234567890 ect ect = 1 then how come 0/0 does n't =1 ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | so you see the pattern . negative 1 to the 0 power is 1 . negative 1 to the first power is negative 1 . | can anyone explain me why if putting the exponent 0 is gives 1 ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | if someone told you let 's take negative 1 and raise it to the 1 millionth power , well , 1 million is an even number , so this is still going to be equal to positive 1 . but if you took negative 1 to the 999,999th power , this is an odd number . so this is going to be equal to negative 1 . | what is odd number ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | and once again , by our old definition , you could also just say , hey , ignoring this one , because that 's not going to change the value , we took two negative 1 's and we 're multiplying them . well , negative 1 times negative 1 is 1 . and i think you see a pattern forming . | why is ( -1 ) o =to 1 and not -1 ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | so 1 to any power is just going to be equal to 1 . and you might say , hey , what about 1 to the 0 power ? well , we 've already said anything to 0 power , except for 0 -- that 's where we 're going to -- it 's actually up for debate . but anything to the 0 power is going to be equal to 1 . | what is 0 to the 0 ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | well , you could start with a 1 and then multiply it by negative 1 four times , so a negative 1 times negative 1 , times negative 1 , times negative 1 , which is just going to be equal to positive 1 . so if someone were to ask you -- we already established that if someone were to take 1 to the , i do n't know , 1 milli... | does anyone know what 9219838^878 is ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | so let 's take negative 1 . and let 's first raise it to the 0 power . so once again , this is just going , based on this definition , this is starting with a 1 and then multiplying it by this number 0 times . | why do we have to put it the `` 0 '' power ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | and then you could see that if you went to negative 1 to the fourth power . negative 1 the fourth power ? well , you could start with a 1 and then multiply it by negative 1 four times , so a negative 1 times negative 1 , times negative 1 , times negative 1 , which is just going to be equal to positive 1 . | how would something be one if it 's to the zero power ? |
let 's think about exponents with ones and zeroes . so let 's take the number 1 , and let 's raise it to the eighth power . so we 've already seen that there 's two ways of thinking about this . you could literally view this as taking eight 1 's , and then multiplying them together . so let 's do that . so you have one... | and then you could see that if you went to negative 1 to the fourth power . negative 1 the fourth power ? well , you could start with a 1 and then multiply it by negative 1 four times , so a negative 1 times negative 1 , times negative 1 , times negative 1 , which is just going to be equal to positive 1 . | i learned that 10 to the 5th power is 100,000 but i do n't get how u would use that with 6 ? |
if we look at the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl ether , we can see there 's a large difference between them . ethanol has a much higher boiling , 78 degrees celsius . whereas dimethyl ether is negative 25 degrees . and this explains the state of matter of these molecules . ethanol , since its boiling point is ... | well , normally potassium fluoride would not dissolve in a nonpolar organic solvents . but if you use a crown ether , the oxygens can take care of the potassium . and the outside of the crown either is nonpolar . | does the number of oxygens affect the properties of the crown ether molecule ? |
if we look at the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl ether , we can see there 's a large difference between them . ethanol has a much higher boiling , 78 degrees celsius . whereas dimethyl ether is negative 25 degrees . and this explains the state of matter of these molecules . ethanol , since its boiling point is ... | well , normally potassium fluoride would not dissolve in a nonpolar organic solvents . but if you use a crown ether , the oxygens can take care of the potassium . and the outside of the crown either is nonpolar . | can there be a different number of carbons between each pair of oxygens and still call it a crown ether ? |
if we look at the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl ether , we can see there 's a large difference between them . ethanol has a much higher boiling , 78 degrees celsius . whereas dimethyl ether is negative 25 degrees . and this explains the state of matter of these molecules . ethanol , since its boiling point is ... | let 's look at another type of ether which is a kind of an interesting one . and we call these ethers , crown ethers . so if we look at that gigantic either there , it 's called a crown ether . | are crown ethers always symmetrical ? |
if we look at the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl ether , we can see there 's a large difference between them . ethanol has a much higher boiling , 78 degrees celsius . whereas dimethyl ether is negative 25 degrees . and this explains the state of matter of these molecules . ethanol , since its boiling point is ... | well , normally potassium fluoride would not dissolve in a nonpolar organic solvents . but if you use a crown ether , the oxygens can take care of the potassium . and the outside of the crown either is nonpolar . | can there be differing numbers of carbons between each successive pair of oxygens ? |
if we look at the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl ether , we can see there 's a large difference between them . ethanol has a much higher boiling , 78 degrees celsius . whereas dimethyl ether is negative 25 degrees . and this explains the state of matter of these molecules . ethanol , since its boiling point is ... | let 's look at another type of ether which is a kind of an interesting one . and we call these ethers , crown ethers . so if we look at that gigantic either there , it 's called a crown ether . | why lower ethers are highly flammable although they contain very limited number of carbons ? |
if we look at the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl ether , we can see there 's a large difference between them . ethanol has a much higher boiling , 78 degrees celsius . whereas dimethyl ether is negative 25 degrees . and this explains the state of matter of these molecules . ethanol , since its boiling point is ... | and so the increase of the number of carbons in the alkyl groups increases the boiling point just above room temperature but not much above room temperature . so this makes diethyl ether an excellent solvent for extraction . the other thing the alkyl groups do , is they increase the nonpolar part of the molecule . | okay , but can sn1 and sn2 reactions occur in an ether solvent ? |
if we look at the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl ether , we can see there 's a large difference between them . ethanol has a much higher boiling , 78 degrees celsius . whereas dimethyl ether is negative 25 degrees . and this explains the state of matter of these molecules . ethanol , since its boiling point is ... | so let 's see if we can look at why diethyl ether has a higher boiling point . we know that ether molecules ca n't hydrogen bond with each other . so that can not be the intermolecular force responsible for this increase in boiling point . | if the reactants are non-polar , wo n't they dissolve in an ether , thus rendering the reaction impossible to go ahead ? |
if we look at the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl ether , we can see there 's a large difference between them . ethanol has a much higher boiling , 78 degrees celsius . whereas dimethyl ether is negative 25 degrees . and this explains the state of matter of these molecules . ethanol , since its boiling point is ... | and the system of nomenclature for crown ethers would be to first count up how many atoms comprise your a ring here , your crown . so if we go 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , and 18 . so there are 18 parts of this crown . | at 7 ; 16 , why are the hydrogens not considered in the counting of atoms ? |
if we look at the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl ether , we can see there 's a large difference between them . ethanol has a much higher boiling , 78 degrees celsius . whereas dimethyl ether is negative 25 degrees . and this explains the state of matter of these molecules . ethanol , since its boiling point is ... | let 's look at another type of ether which is a kind of an interesting one . and we call these ethers , crown ethers . so if we look at that gigantic either there , it 's called a crown ether . | what is the chemical utility of crown ethers ? |
if we look at the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl ether , we can see there 's a large difference between them . ethanol has a much higher boiling , 78 degrees celsius . whereas dimethyl ether is negative 25 degrees . and this explains the state of matter of these molecules . ethanol , since its boiling point is ... | so we have 1 oxygen , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , and 6 . so the nomenclature would be , 18-crown-6 ether . and that just tells you what sort of crown ether that you are dealing with . | is 18-crown- 6 soluble in water , and if it does how much on 100ml of water ? |
if we look at the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl ether , we can see there 's a large difference between them . ethanol has a much higher boiling , 78 degrees celsius . whereas dimethyl ether is negative 25 degrees . and this explains the state of matter of these molecules . ethanol , since its boiling point is ... | and so that increased attraction between alkyl groups means that it 's harder to pull those molecules apart . it requires more energy to pull those molecules apart , requires more heat in order to do so . and so that 's the reason for the increase in boiling point that we see for diethyl ether , up to 35 degrees celsiu... | but , does this affect the energy of the reactants , products , or intermediate steps ? |
if we look at the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl ether , we can see there 's a large difference between them . ethanol has a much higher boiling , 78 degrees celsius . whereas dimethyl ether is negative 25 degrees . and this explains the state of matter of these molecules . ethanol , since its boiling point is ... | let 's see what happens to the boiling point of ethers as we increase the number of carbons in the alkyl groups . so if we 're going to look at that dimethyl ether again , and let 's compare that to an ether that has more carbons than the alkyl group , so diethyl ether . we 've already seen the boiling point of dimethy... | is ether soluble in water ? |
if we look at the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl ether , we can see there 's a large difference between them . ethanol has a much higher boiling , 78 degrees celsius . whereas dimethyl ether is negative 25 degrees . and this explains the state of matter of these molecules . ethanol , since its boiling point is ... | and so really there 's only a small amount of dipole-dipole interaction between two molecules of dimethyl ether . so somewhere on this second molecule , there is a partial negative , partial positive . and so there will be a little bit of dipole-dipole interaction . | 5 ... why does he refer to the `` non-polar '' parts of an ether molecule , when it has already been taught to us by sal that ethers are already non-polar due to their absence of partial negative and partial positive charges ? |
if we look at the boiling points of ethanol and dimethyl ether , we can see there 's a large difference between them . ethanol has a much higher boiling , 78 degrees celsius . whereas dimethyl ether is negative 25 degrees . and this explains the state of matter of these molecules . ethanol , since its boiling point is ... | let 's see what happens to the boiling point of ethers as we increase the number of carbons in the alkyl groups . so if we 're going to look at that dimethyl ether again , and let 's compare that to an ether that has more carbons than the alkyl group , so diethyl ether . we 've already seen the boiling point of dimethy... | will ether have greater solubility than alcohol in water ? |
over here we have the graph of y is equal to g of x . what i wan na do is i wan na figure out the limit of g of x as x approaches positive six from values that are less than positive six or you could say from the left , from the , you could say the negative direction . so what is this going to be equal to ? and if you... | now this is interesting because the left-handed limit here does n't exist , but the right-handed limit does . if i were to say the limit of g of x as x approaches six from the right-hand side , well , let 's see . we have g of eight is there , go of seven is there , g of 6.5 , looks like it 's a little less than negati... | why does the limit as g ( x ) approaches 6 from the negative side not exist ? |
over here we have the graph of y is equal to g of x . what i wan na do is i wan na figure out the limit of g of x as x approaches positive six from values that are less than positive six or you could say from the left , from the , you could say the negative direction . so what is this going to be equal to ? and if you... | but infinity is n't , we 're not talking about a specific number . if we 're talking technically about limits the way that we 've looked at it , what is , you 'll sometimes see this in some classes . but in this context , especially on the exercises on khan academy , we 'll say that this does not exist . | in other words , are limits useful only at undefined points ? |
over here we have the graph of y is equal to g of x . what i wan na do is i wan na figure out the limit of g of x as x approaches positive six from values that are less than positive six or you could say from the left , from the , you could say the negative direction . so what is this going to be equal to ? and if you... | but infinity is n't , we 're not talking about a specific number . if we 're talking technically about limits the way that we 've looked at it , what is , you 'll sometimes see this in some classes . but in this context , especially on the exercises on khan academy , we 'll say that this does not exist . | what are limits exactly used for ? |
over here we have the graph of y is equal to g of x . what i wan na do is i wan na figure out the limit of g of x as x approaches positive six from values that are less than positive six or you could say from the left , from the , you could say the negative direction . so what is this going to be equal to ? and if you... | this thing right over here is unbounded . now this is interesting because the left-handed limit here does n't exist , but the right-handed limit does . if i were to say the limit of g of x as x approaches six from the right-hand side , well , let 's see . | what 's the difference between an undefined limit and a limit that does n't exist ? |
over here we have the graph of y is equal to g of x . what i wan na do is i wan na figure out the limit of g of x as x approaches positive six from values that are less than positive six or you could say from the left , from the , you could say the negative direction . so what is this going to be equal to ? and if you... | now this is interesting because the left-handed limit here does n't exist , but the right-handed limit does . if i were to say the limit of g of x as x approaches six from the right-hand side , well , let 's see . we have g of eight is there , go of seven is there , g of 6.5 , looks like it 's a little less than negati... | if i write 'the limit as x approaches 6 from the negative side equals infinite ' ; will i get deducted points from the ap test ? |
over here we have the graph of y is equal to g of x . what i wan na do is i wan na figure out the limit of g of x as x approaches positive six from values that are less than positive six or you could say from the left , from the , you could say the negative direction . so what is this going to be equal to ? and if you... | and if you have a sense of it , pause the video and give a go at it . well , to think about this , let 's just take different x-values that approach six from the left and look at what the values of the function are . so g of two , looks like it 's a little bit more than one . | when the direction of the values of x is not identified as a superscript , does it describe the limit of a function from both directions ? |
over here we have the graph of y is equal to g of x . what i wan na do is i wan na figure out the limit of g of x as x approaches positive six from values that are less than positive six or you could say from the left , from the , you could say the negative direction . so what is this going to be equal to ? and if you... | this thing right over here is unbounded . now this is interesting because the left-handed limit here does n't exist , but the right-handed limit does . if i were to say the limit of g of x as x approaches six from the right-hand side , well , let 's see . we have g of eight is there , go of seven is there , g of 6.5 , ... | i 'm sorry but should n't sal have answer the limit of f ( x ) as x -- - > 6 from the left side , should n't the answer be infinity ? |
over here we have the graph of y is equal to g of x . what i wan na do is i wan na figure out the limit of g of x as x approaches positive six from values that are less than positive six or you could say from the left , from the , you could say the negative direction . so what is this going to be equal to ? and if you... | and if you have a sense of it , pause the video and give a go at it . well , to think about this , let 's just take different x-values that approach six from the left and look at what the values of the function are . so g of two , looks like it 's a little bit more than one . | so limits are defined at points of a function where the point itself is undefined on the function ? |
over here we have the graph of y is equal to g of x . what i wan na do is i wan na figure out the limit of g of x as x approaches positive six from values that are less than positive six or you could say from the left , from the , you could say the negative direction . so what is this going to be equal to ? and if you... | but in this context , especially on the exercises on khan academy , we 'll say that this does not exist . not exist . this thing right over here is unbounded . | can the positive limit exist by itself or does the `` overall '' limit have to exist for both the positive and negative limit to exist ? |
over here we have the graph of y is equal to g of x . what i wan na do is i wan na figure out the limit of g of x as x approaches positive six from values that are less than positive six or you could say from the left , from the , you could say the negative direction . so what is this going to be equal to ? and if you... | we have g of eight is there , go of seven is there , g of 6.5 , looks like it 's a little less than negative three . g of 6.01 , little even closer to negative three . g of 6.0000001 is very close to negative three . so it looks like this limit right over here , at least looking at it graphically , it looks like when w... | how can we assume lim g ( x ) for 6 ( negative direction ) unbounded or 'infinitely ' large so easily ? |
over here we have the graph of y is equal to g of x . what i wan na do is i wan na figure out the limit of g of x as x approaches positive six from values that are less than positive six or you could say from the left , from the , you could say the negative direction . so what is this going to be equal to ? and if you... | over here we have the graph of y is equal to g of x . what i wan na do is i wan na figure out the limit of g of x as x approaches positive six from values that are less than positive six or you could say from the left , from the , you could say the negative direction . so what is this going to be equal to ? | i understand lim g ( x ) does not exist as the value from the positive and negative side are different , but wo n't assuming the limit as infinity from the negative direction still be an unwarranted assumption ? |
over here we have the graph of y is equal to g of x . what i wan na do is i wan na figure out the limit of g of x as x approaches positive six from values that are less than positive six or you could say from the left , from the , you could say the negative direction . so what is this going to be equal to ? and if you... | well , to think about this , let 's just take different x-values that approach six from the left and look at what the values of the function are . so g of two , looks like it 's a little bit more than one . g of three , it 's a little bit more than that . | why does the limit equal to the exact value of the point which is asked in the exercise when we have two points , one 's undefined while one 's defined ? |
steven zucker : we 're in the wallace collection in london . this is fragonard 's `` the swing . '' beth harris : and the first thing that i notice is this poof of pink and the lacy white in the center of the painting . this woman is going up on a swing . and i notice she 's sitting on a red , velvet , and gold seat o... | beth harris : and the first thing that i notice is this poof of pink and the lacy white in the center of the painting . this woman is going up on a swing . and i notice she 's sitting on a red , velvet , and gold seat on that swing , held up by ropes , and this fabulous swirl of a hat , and you can see her white silk s... | 1 ) why do you think the woman is lit up even though most of the landscape is all dark and stuff ? |
steven zucker : we 're in the wallace collection in london . this is fragonard 's `` the swing . '' beth harris : and the first thing that i notice is this poof of pink and the lacy white in the center of the painting . this woman is going up on a swing . and i notice she 's sitting on a red , velvet , and gold seat o... | beth harris : -- and abundant . steven zucker : exactly , right . beth harris : sort of speaking to the sort of sexual , sensual being . | and 2 ) what exactly is rococo ? |
steven zucker : we 're in the wallace collection in london . this is fragonard 's `` the swing . '' beth harris : and the first thing that i notice is this poof of pink and the lacy white in the center of the painting . this woman is going up on a swing . and i notice she 's sitting on a red , velvet , and gold seat o... | but this is the kind of indulgence and expression of pleasure that really does characterize the aristocracy and the ruling class in france . beth harris : and it 's this kind of painting , this kind of painting that seems about only pleasure that diderot and the other thinkers of the enlightenment are going to rail aga... | who was the patron of this painting ? |
steven zucker : we 're in the wallace collection in london . this is fragonard 's `` the swing . '' beth harris : and the first thing that i notice is this poof of pink and the lacy white in the center of the painting . this woman is going up on a swing . and i notice she 's sitting on a red , velvet , and gold seat o... | steven zucker : exactly , right . beth harris : sort of speaking to the sort of sexual , sensual being . steven zucker : and somewhat dreamlike as well , in its mists . | does the patron intend to commission a painting that depict this sensual and scandalous scene ? |
- hello , i want you to meet this wonderful family . it 's mary , the mum , jim , the dad and ian , the son . and they 're gon na help us to understand some key concepts about social mobility . now ian is an accountant , so he would be considered middle class . and if this triangle represents the upper class at the top... | and that concept is a little bit different . and that concept is actually called `` intergenerational mobility '' . and just like intragenerational mobility these concepts are both really descibing types of social mobility . particularly social mobility up or down the social hierarchy . | how is intrageneration mobility differ from vertical mobility ? |
- hello , i want you to meet this wonderful family . it 's mary , the mum , jim , the dad and ian , the son . and they 're gon na help us to understand some key concepts about social mobility . now ian is an accountant , so he would be considered middle class . and if this triangle represents the upper class at the top... | and that concept is a little bit different . and that concept is actually called `` intergenerational mobility '' . and just like intragenerational mobility these concepts are both really descibing types of social mobility . particularly social mobility up or down the social hierarchy . | how can you have intragenerational mobility without also having intergenerational mobility ? |
- hello , i want you to meet this wonderful family . it 's mary , the mum , jim , the dad and ian , the son . and they 're gon na help us to understand some key concepts about social mobility . now ian is an accountant , so he would be considered middle class . and if this triangle represents the upper class at the top... | and that concept is a little bit different . and that concept is actually called `` intergenerational mobility '' . and just like intragenerational mobility these concepts are both really descibing types of social mobility . particularly social mobility up or down the social hierarchy . | what factors contribute to intragenerational mobility versus intergenerational mobility ? |
- hello , i want you to meet this wonderful family . it 's mary , the mum , jim , the dad and ian , the son . and they 're gon na help us to understand some key concepts about social mobility . now ian is an accountant , so he would be considered middle class . and if this triangle represents the upper class at the top... | and that concept is actually called `` intergenerational mobility '' . and just like intragenerational mobility these concepts are both really descibing types of social mobility . particularly social mobility up or down the social hierarchy . | is there a trade-off between the two types ? |
- hello , i want you to meet this wonderful family . it 's mary , the mum , jim , the dad and ian , the son . and they 're gon na help us to understand some key concepts about social mobility . now ian is an accountant , so he would be considered middle class . and if this triangle represents the upper class at the top... | in his life time he would perhaps join the working class or the lower class . so one of the important things to consider here is what 's happening to ian it 's happening to him in his life time , in his own life time . whether he goes up or down the change in social mobility that he 's experiencing is one that 's affec... | is it inter generational because we are looking at ian and his parents at one point in time or is it inter generational because ian 's great great grandchildren will be affected by his current status ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | it wants to get neutral again . it 's already hogging these electrons . that 's why you have a partial positive charge on this carbon . | if an atom tend to have 8 electrons in outermost shell , why does s in h2s04 form so , so many bonds when it already has 6 valence electrons ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | and then you could imagine , especially because this is now a good leaving group , you can imagine that this acts as a nucleophile . it would do a nucleophile attack on this carbonyl carbon right here . and so what you could imagine is that this electron attacks , or gets given to , this carbon right here on the carbon... | therefore , how can we have an unprotonated ethanol now floating about , which can stage a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | now , the first step of this reaction , this oxygen right here , we have all these protons floating around , very acidic environment . we have sulfuric acid there just giving protons away to the ethanol or to other things . so this guy can grab a proton either directly from sulfuric acid or maybe from one of the proton... | sulfuric acid is so strong that i thought all the ethanol would have been protonated by now ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | we have sulfuric acid there just giving protons away to the ethanol or to other things . so this guy can grab a proton either directly from sulfuric acid or maybe from one of the protonated ethanols , either one . so we could just draw it like this . | ok this may sound stupid , but why does the protonated oxygen located on top lose a proton while the other ( right hand one ) gains one and acts as a leaving group ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | you would have your two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons , single bond to an oxygen , and then you have your bond to this oxygen , which is bound to two carbons , one , two carbons , just like that . and this guy on top is bonded to an oxygen . he 's got two lone pairs . | would n't it be possible for the 2nd ( top ) oxygen to accept a proton as well and act as the 2nd leaving water group ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | and you would be tempted to call it heptanoic acid , but it is no longer a carboxylic acid . it is now an ester . so you call it heptanoate . | since this is in equilibrium , what would promote an ester product ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | actually , i should make it clear . these are all reversible reactions , so i actually should n't even draw one-way arrows here . let me scratch that out . | is one way more thermodynamically favored or are both acceptable mechanistic steps ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | i 'll actually draw its structure , because i always find it frustrating when people just write just the formula here without the actual structure , because the structure actually shows you why it 's so acidic . sulfur has six valence electrons , just like oxygen . so it has a double bond to an oxygen , another double ... | how is ethyl heptanoate ( with a c-double-bond-o ) differentiated from an ether that contains a seven-carbon chain and an ethyl group connected by an oxygen ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | it gained an electron . this oxygen is now positive , because it gave away an electron . it still has this other lone pair over here . | where did the hidrogen come from where the oxygen grab a electron to a positive hidrogen ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | and so that is hepta- , heptan- . and you would be tempted to call it heptanoic acid , but it is no longer a carboxylic acid . it is now an ester . | carboxylic acid is an acid itself so would not it give its h+ ions in the solution ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | so if i were to draw it , it would now look like this . plus sulfur , two double bonds , two oxygens . you still have this oh group . | instead of having two double bonds in the sulphuric acid should n't have two dative bonds ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid . so let 's see what happens if we have heptanoic acid reacting with -- this is one , two carbons , and then it has an oh group , so this is ethanol . | can any strong acid be used for the esterification reaction ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | and so that is hepta- , heptan- . and you would be tempted to call it heptanoic acid , but it is no longer a carboxylic acid . it is now an ester . | if the compound were to have 2 carboxylic acid groups , would they both become esters ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid . so let 's see what happens if we have heptanoic acid reacting with -- this is one , two carbons , and then it has an oh group , so this is ethanol . | why does sal spell sulfuric acid `` sulphuric acid '' ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | you still have this oh group . actually , it could still donate . this is still acidic , but now this oxygen right now gained an electron . | what would be a possible sn2 side reaction that could occur given the same conditions ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | but we 're now over here , and let me redraw my heptanoic acid . two , three , four , five , six , seven single bond now to the oxygen , single bond to this oh . and now we have this bond right over here to this now deprotonated , what was ethanol , so you have o , and then we have one , two carbons , just like that . | resonance occurs in all those compounds that have a double bond with oxygen and single bond with oh ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | there are two carbons over there , so we 'll use ethyl to name that over there . and then we have the rest of this , and we already know that that is one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons , including the carbon in the carbonyl group . and so that is hepta- , heptan- . | i just wanted to know that are carboxalic acids also the carbonyl compounds ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | the next step in our reaction will look like this . you would have your two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons , single bond to an oxygen , and then you have your bond to this oxygen , which is bound to two carbons , one , two carbons , just like that . and this guy on top is bonded to an oxygen . | why did the oh group not give an electron earlier to h+ , why did first the ethanol need to give the h+ off before the oh took it ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | it wants to get neutral again . it 's already hogging these electrons . that 's why you have a partial positive charge on this carbon . | sal says that the oxygen atom tries to take the hydrogen from the sulphuric acid , but why would it do that , because it 's outermost shell is already full with electrons so it does n't need more electrons right ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | and then you could imagine , especially because this is now a good leaving group , you can imagine that this acts as a nucleophile . it would do a nucleophile attack on this carbonyl carbon right here . and so what you could imagine is that this electron attacks , or gets given to , this carbon right here on the carbon... | so the reaction involves sn2 attack of the alcohol on the carbonyl carbon cabon ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | so hopefully , this right here , by having this right here , if i start involving some of these protonated ethanols in our reaction , you wo n't view that as a huge stretch of the imagination , because they would have gotten protonated by the sulfuric acid . or if i just actually grab protons in our reaction , that act... | can secondary and tertiary alcohols undergo the same reaction ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid . so let 's see what happens if we have heptanoic acid reacting with -- this is one , two carbons , and then it has an oh group , so this is ethanol . | in this reaction , one of the reactants is heptanoic acid , would it be possible to have benzoic acid as a reactant in its place ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | so maybe one of the other ethanol molecules , or one of the other intermediaries in this whole reaction . so ethanol , i 'll just do ethanol because it 's easier to draw . it might give an electron to just the nucleus . | is ethanol a good or bad nucleophile ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | we 've see this in sn2 reactions many , many , many , many times already . so this electron will be taken up by this top oxygen over there . so after that happens , what does our newly formed molecule look like ? let me just scroll down and have some clear space . | at 0why does the carbonyl carbon have a partial positive when the oxygen attached to the carbonyl also has a positive ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | it wants to get neutral again . it 's already hogging these electrons . that 's why you have a partial positive charge on this carbon . that 's why this guy might be attracted to this . | i guess i can see maybe its because the oxygen is pulling the electrons from the carbon due to it having a positive charge ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | and then the resulting products will look like this . and this is all in equilibrium . we now have two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . | at 1 would n't the h30+ leave via an sn1 mechanism vs. the sn2 mechanism shown in the video ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | anyway , hopefully , you found that useful . i just wanted introduce you to a well-known reaction mechanism of creating an ester out a carboxylic acid . | what are the different acids that act like catalysts for the reaction of carboxylic acid + alcohol = ester + water ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | that 's what the oh group does . it makes this an alcohol . and it 's in the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst . | does the alcohol have to be primary in order to react or will a secondary or tertiary alcohol also react with the carboxylic acid ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | and then since he 's got that electron , he can then give back this electron to this , what was an oh group , but now it 's got another hydrogen there , so he can then give it back to him . and then the resulting products will look like this . and this is all in equilibrium . | is there a possibility of forming by products due to the presence of the h+ ? |
let 's think about what might happen if we had a solution of this carboxylic acid here . we might as well name it just to get some practice . we have one , two , three , four , five , six , seven carbons . so this is heptan- , and then we do n't write heptane , because this is a carboxylic acid . it is heptanoic acid .... | it makes this an alcohol . and it 's in the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst . this right here is sulfuric acid , one of the stronger acids . | as practice , i looked at an old experiment and have been trying to react vanillin with acetic anhydride in the presence of acid and base and they seem to have the same structure in the end , if this is correct , why do they products have different melting points ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | so , why do n't we take a look just at the stomach here and i will zoom in on it , so that we can talk exclusively about what this guy is up to . the stomach is primarily responsible for three steps . first of all , it is going to receive a bolus of food from the esophagus above . | what happens in our stomach when we feel hungry ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | so , why do n't we take a look just at the stomach here and i will zoom in on it , so that we can talk exclusively about what this guy is up to . the stomach is primarily responsible for three steps . first of all , it is going to receive a bolus of food from the esophagus above . | what happens when we feel `` stomach aches '' ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | : did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! | how does the stomach 'know ' when its the right time to release the food into the duodenum ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | hydrochloric acid , it is a very acidic or very corrosive acid that 's actually more acidic than battery acid . in addition to parietal cells we also have chief cells , chief cells . these guys secrete an enzyme called pepsinogen , pepsinogen . | why not mention enteroendocrine g cells , which secrete the main hormone gastrin ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | and the main thing to remember in the stomach is that there are three types of cells that are involved here . the first type i am going to talk about are called parietal cells , parietal cells . and the main thing that is released from parietal cells is hydrochloric acid . | what about intrinsic factor produced by parietal cells in the stomach which aids in digestion of vit b 12 ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | well , the third type of cell we have sitting in here are actually called mucus cells , mucus cells . and just like the name suggest , mucus cells release what 's called mucin and this is a coating that will sit around the stomach to make sure that things like pepsin , or hydrochloric acid do n't degrade the stomach . ... | but do other forms of life like mammals or insects throw up as we do ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | what do we also have in our gastric pits right here , that help us prevent gastric ulcers from occurring in the first place ? well , the third type of cell we have sitting in here are actually called mucus cells , mucus cells . and just like the name suggest , mucus cells release what 's called mucin and this is a coat... | 0 , are there mucus cells all around the stomach , duodenum , and esophagus ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | and the main thing that is released from parietal cells is hydrochloric acid . hydrochloric acid , it is a very acidic or very corrosive acid that 's actually more acidic than battery acid . in addition to parietal cells we also have chief cells , chief cells . | 6 he said hcl is more acidic than battery acid ( sulphuric acid ) but is n't sulphuric acid more acidic than hydrochloric acid ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | and the main thing that is released from parietal cells is hydrochloric acid . hydrochloric acid , it is a very acidic or very corrosive acid that 's actually more acidic than battery acid . in addition to parietal cells we also have chief cells , chief cells . | where does hcl acid come from ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | now , what about the anatomy of the stomach here ? how do we release these enzymes and breakdown this bolus ? let 's take a look at a little bit of gastric anatomy right about there , and see how it 's responsible for the breakdown of food here . | why protein digestive enzymes do not digest the wall of the digestive system ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | : did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! | urgently i wan na know what is happening when basic drug released in stomach such as codeine.. ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | so , why do n't we take a look just at the stomach here and i will zoom in on it , so that we can talk exclusively about what this guy is up to . the stomach is primarily responsible for three steps . first of all , it is going to receive a bolus of food from the esophagus above . | how does the stomach cause the churning movement ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | in addition to parietal cells we also have chief cells , chief cells . these guys secrete an enzyme called pepsinogen , pepsinogen . and this is the inactive form of the enzyme . pepsinogen is not active , in fact , in order for hydrolysis to occur we need an enzyme that 's call pepsin . how is pepsin made ? well , we ... | is pepsin the only enzyme in the stomach ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | : did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! | how are carbs and fats degraded then ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | and the main thing that is released from parietal cells is hydrochloric acid . hydrochloric acid , it is a very acidic or very corrosive acid that 's actually more acidic than battery acid . in addition to parietal cells we also have chief cells , chief cells . | if our stomach is filled with such a corrosive acid the why do we have the problem of indigestion or food poisoning ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | and the main thing that is released from parietal cells is hydrochloric acid . hydrochloric acid , it is a very acidic or very corrosive acid that 's actually more acidic than battery acid . in addition to parietal cells we also have chief cells , chief cells . | would coke , which is acid , be less harmful in the stomach since hcl already makes it quite acid ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | hydrochloric acid , it is a very acidic or very corrosive acid that 's actually more acidic than battery acid . in addition to parietal cells we also have chief cells , chief cells . these guys secrete an enzyme called pepsinogen , pepsinogen . | are n't the chief cells below the parietal cells ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | this bolus is just food that has been turned into a sphere , that can now be processed . then the stomach can do two things here to help process the food even more . the first thing the stomach does , is that it churns this bolus or it churns the food . | do you have any suggestions as to what i can do to help my stomach to empty faster ? |
: did you know that the human stomach can store up to four liters of food at any time ? that 's about as much as two coke bottles , insane ! so , in this video we 're going to see how our stomach helps us process food it just received , from the oral cavity and the esophagus . so , why do n't we take a look just at th... | and the main thing that is released from parietal cells is hydrochloric acid . hydrochloric acid , it is a very acidic or very corrosive acid that 's actually more acidic than battery acid . in addition to parietal cells we also have chief cells , chief cells . | how does one replicate stomach acid ? |
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