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i 'm going to draw for you two of the most important organs in our body . and actually , on the left and right side of our body , they pretty much look like that , like little kidney beans . and in fact , that 's what they are . they 're kidneys . and so we have some arteries , the renal arteries that flow into them . ...
and it 's called afferent because it 's headed toward something . afferent arteriole . and let 's not forget where it comes from .
what is the red squiggly thing at the very beginning between the afferent and efferent arterioles ?
i 'm going to draw for you two of the most important organs in our body . and actually , on the left and right side of our body , they pretty much look like that , like little kidney beans . and in fact , that 's what they are . they 're kidneys . and so we have some arteries , the renal arteries that flow into them . ...
so we 've seen now how things go to the ureter . you can see how things come from the renal artery . but you 're probably still wondering -- oh actually , i did n't label this for you .
is n't the renal vein smaller than the renal artery ?
i 'm going to draw for you two of the most important organs in our body . and actually , on the left and right side of our body , they pretty much look like that , like little kidney beans . and in fact , that 's what they are . they 're kidneys . and so we have some arteries , the renal arteries that flow into them . ...
and in fact , that 's what they are . they 're kidneys . and so we have some arteries , the renal arteries that flow into them .
why is the human body meant to have 2 kidneys ?
i 'm going to draw for you two of the most important organs in our body . and actually , on the left and right side of our body , they pretty much look like that , like little kidney beans . and in fact , that 's what they are . they 're kidneys . and so we have some arteries , the renal arteries that flow into them . ...
i 'm going to draw for you two of the most important organs in our body . and actually , on the left and right side of our body , they pretty much look like that , like little kidney beans .
can the spleen be diseased ?
so in this video , we 're going to show you how to connect the power wires from the motor controller to the arduino and the control wires from the motor controller to the arduino . so we 're connecting the red wire to the voltage in . that 's the red wire goes to the vin , and the black wire 's going to go to the groun...
so in this video , we 're going to show you how to connect the power wires from the motor controller to the arduino and the control wires from the motor controller to the arduino . so we 're connecting the red wire to the voltage in .
wait actually how do you apply power to the arduino ?
so in this video , we 're going to show you how to connect the power wires from the motor controller to the arduino and the control wires from the motor controller to the arduino . so we 're connecting the red wire to the voltage in . that 's the red wire goes to the vin , and the black wire 's going to go to the groun...
and now we 're going to run those signal wires to the right ports on our arduino . so the first one is going to go to pin 11 . the next one is going to go to pin 10 .
for the arduino uno what would pin 11 be ?
let 's say that this right over here is the graph of lowercase f of x . that 's lowercase f of x there . and let 's say that we have some other function capital f of x . and if you were to take its derivative , so , capital f prime of x , that 's equal to lowercase f of x , lower case f of x . so given that , which of ...
this is the derivative , lower case f is the , is the derivative of capital f , or you could say that capital f is an anti derivative of lower case f. and when you just inspect this , this looks like this , the , the function , both of these functions is , are e to the x . because the derivative of e to the x is e to t...
is e^x ( and i suppose n*e^x as well ) the only type of function that results in itself when you take the ( anti- ) derivative ?
let 's say that this right over here is the graph of lowercase f of x . that 's lowercase f of x there . and let 's say that we have some other function capital f of x . and if you were to take its derivative , so , capital f prime of x , that 's equal to lowercase f of x , lower case f of x . so given that , which of ...
so over here the slope of the tangent line , when x is equal to 0 , that looks smaller than 1 . so this slope is definitely not 1 . while over here , when x is equal to 0 .
how is the slope of the first graph close to 1 ?
let 's say that this right over here is the graph of lowercase f of x . that 's lowercase f of x there . and let 's say that we have some other function capital f of x . and if you were to take its derivative , so , capital f prime of x , that 's equal to lowercase f of x , lower case f of x . so given that , which of ...
actually it looks almost exactly . almost exactly equal to 1 . so when capital f of , so at capital f of 0 , the slope of the tangent line needs to be pretty close to 1 . so over here the slope of the tangent line , when x is equal to 0 , that looks smaller than 1 . so this slope is definitely not 1 . while over here ,...
why the function needs to have a positive-slope if the derivative of it f ' ( x ) has a positive slope ?
let 's say that this right over here is the graph of lowercase f of x . that 's lowercase f of x there . and let 's say that we have some other function capital f of x . and if you were to take its derivative , so , capital f prime of x , that 's equal to lowercase f of x , lower case f of x . so given that , which of ...
this is the derivative , lower case f is the , is the derivative of capital f , or you could say that capital f is an anti derivative of lower case f. and when you just inspect this , this looks like this , the , the function , both of these functions is , are e to the x . because the derivative of e to the x is e to t...
if the antiderivative of e^x with respect to x is equal to e^x , then the antiderivative of e^ ( -1/x ) with respect to x should be e^x ?
let 's say that this right over here is the graph of lowercase f of x . that 's lowercase f of x there . and let 's say that we have some other function capital f of x . and if you were to take its derivative , so , capital f prime of x , that 's equal to lowercase f of x , lower case f of x . so given that , which of ...
the slope of the tangent line does look , the slope of the tangent line does look pretty , pretty close , pretty close to 1 . so this , right over here , looks like the best candidate for capital , for capital f of x . so that one right over there .
what is the difference between capital and lowercase ?
let 's say that this right over here is the graph of lowercase f of x . that 's lowercase f of x there . and let 's say that we have some other function capital f of x . and if you were to take its derivative , so , capital f prime of x , that 's equal to lowercase f of x , lower case f of x . so given that , which of ...
so this slope is definitely not 1 . while over here , when x is equal to 0 . the slope of the tangent line does look , the slope of the tangent line does look pretty , pretty close , pretty close to 1 .
the domain of `` e '' is x > =0 , how come we have value when x < 0 ?
let 's say that this right over here is the graph of lowercase f of x . that 's lowercase f of x there . and let 's say that we have some other function capital f of x . and if you were to take its derivative , so , capital f prime of x , that 's equal to lowercase f of x , lower case f of x . so given that , which of ...
and let 's say that we have some other function capital f of x . and if you were to take its derivative , so , capital f prime of x , that 's equal to lowercase f of x , lower case f of x . so given that , which of these , which of these , could be the graph of capital , of capital f of x ?
what does lower case of f ( x ) mean ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
so one 9 is 3 times 3 , and then you multiply it by another 9 . that 's another 3 times 3 . that will also be equal to 81 .
ca n't b be equal to 3 or -3 ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
you could take , so you have b to the fourth power is equal to 81 . you could raise both of these to the 1/4 power . anything you do to one side of equation , you have to do to the other side .
do you take the natural log of ( 2^x-1 ) and multiply the whole equation , ( x-1 ) ln2 by 5 ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying .
can a log be a base of another log ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
if i raise b to the fourth power , that is going to be equal to 81 . i 've just rewritten this equation , this logarithmic equation , i 've rewritten it as an exponential equation . so it says b to the fourth power is equal to 81 , and we need to still solve for b .
when solving these types of equation for example 2x-4^x=62 can you put log into the equation or ln ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying .
what are the coordinates of any x-intercept for this function ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
if i raise b to the fourth power , that is going to be equal to 81 . i 've just rewritten this equation , this logarithmic equation , i 've rewritten it as an exponential equation . so it says b to the fourth power is equal to 81 , and we need to still solve for b .
how would i solve a more complex logarithmic equation with variations of log ( x ) on both sides of the equation , such as log ( x ) = log ( x^2 + 7 ) - 5 ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
so there we 've done it . we 've said , well , some number to the fourth power is equal to 81 . we know that 3 to the fourth power is equal to 81 .
or may be irrational number ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
if i raise b to the fourth power , that is going to be equal to 81 . i 've just rewritten this equation , this logarithmic equation , i 've rewritten it as an exponential equation . so it says b to the fourth power is equal to 81 , and we need to still solve for b .
in the equation 4log_5_ ( 3x+5 ) =2 do i need to divide both sides of the equation by 4 first or remove the log base 5 first ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying .
how can i solve two equations with two unknowns when one of the unknowns is an exponent ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying .
how would you solve something like log base x 81=4/3 ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying .
how can i express log 18 in terms of log 3 and log 6 ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying .
how would you solve 4^x=19 ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
if i raise b to the fourth power , that is going to be equal to 81 . i 've just rewritten this equation , this logarithmic equation , i 've rewritten it as an exponential equation . so it says b to the fourth power is equal to 81 , and we need to still solve for b . so you just have to think , what number do i have to ...
what if i have an equation with something like : a^b=x^x ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying .
how would i solve for values of a and b ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying .
can i say that b^4=3^4 , so because their exponents are the same , b=3 ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
3 to the fourth power is equal to 81 . 81 to the 1/4 power is equal to 3 . but if this is confusing to you , do n't worry about it for now .
so b is 3 because 1/4 of 81 = 3 ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
anything you do to one side of equation , you have to do to the other side . and from our exponent properties , you know that if you raise something to a power , then raise that to a power , that 's like raising it to the 4 times 1/4 power . or this is , essentially , just raising it to the first power .
what is the inverse properties of 7^log7^x ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
so we know that b is equal to 3 . 3 to the fourth power is 81 . or we could say , log base three of 81 , this is saying what power do i have to raise 3 to , to get 81 ? well , we know .
so in the last example in the video , ca n't you just say that you 'd be looking for the cube root of 81 ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying .
how do you solve a logarithmic inequality ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying .
how would you solve 4.3= -100/9 log ( base 10 ) x/14.7 ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying .
what does log1,000,000 without a base equal to ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
so one 9 is 3 times 3 , and then you multiply it by another 9 . that 's another 3 times 3 . that will also be equal to 81 .
how would you solve an equation that says 2^2x= 3^x-1 using logs ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
you could take , so you have b to the fourth power is equal to 81 . you could raise both of these to the 1/4 power . anything you do to one side of equation , you have to do to the other side .
how do you answer problems like log2x-log4=1 or ln ( x+2 ) + ln ( x-4 ) = ln72 ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying .
how would you solve log base of 6 x+4/x-1 is greater than or equal to 1. would you have to make a chart ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
so one 9 is 3 times 3 , and then you multiply it by another 9 . that 's another 3 times 3 . that will also be equal to 81 .
3 = log base x of 343 ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying .
if a log does n't show a base , then is it like an implied base of 1 ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
if i raise b to the fourth power , that is going to be equal to 81 . i 've just rewritten this equation , this logarithmic equation , i 've rewritten it as an exponential equation . so it says b to the fourth power is equal to 81 , and we need to still solve for b .
n*p*e^ ( -np ) = x trying to solve the above equation for p - can you provide any insight for solving this equation ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying .
what is the doubling period of the e. coli bacteria , to the nearest minute ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
and if you know about fractional exponents , and do n't worry about this if this confuses you a little bit , you could raise both of these , if you know about fractional exponents and exponent properties , you could do it this way as well . you could take , so you have b to the fourth power is equal to 81 . you could r...
to find what b equals , ca n't we just take the fourth root of 81 ?
solve 4 is equal to log base b of 81 for b . so let 's just remind ourselves what this equation is saying . this is saying , if i raise b to the fourth power , then i 'm going to get 81 . let me rewrite that . so if i raise b , that 's our base , so if i raise our base , b -- i guess that 's why they picked b. b for ba...
anything you do to one side of equation , you have to do to the other side . and from our exponent properties , you know that if you raise something to a power , then raise that to a power , that 's like raising it to the 4 times 1/4 power . or this is , essentially , just raising it to the first power .
is n't raising a number to the 1/4 power the same as 4th rooting it ?
shigellosis is often caused by many bacteria of the shigella genus . one of the most common bacteria that causes it is shigella dysenteriae . another bacteria that can cause it is called enterohemorrhagic e. coli . now , these are just fancy names to refer to different types of bacteria . but in general , both of them...
and it 's usually contaminated with feces . now , when you eat all this stuff , the bacteria will first enter your stomach . ordinarily the stomach has a very acidic environment . but these bacteria are very sturdy .
is it possible for a pathogen to never reach the stomach and infect the esophagus ?
shigellosis is often caused by many bacteria of the shigella genus . one of the most common bacteria that causes it is shigella dysenteriae . another bacteria that can cause it is called enterohemorrhagic e. coli . now , these are just fancy names to refer to different types of bacteria . but in general , both of them...
one of the most common bacteria that causes it is shigella dysenteriae . another bacteria that can cause it is called enterohemorrhagic e. coli . now , these are just fancy names to refer to different types of bacteria .
are n't antibiotics contraindicated in gastroenteritis because of the risk of developing haemolytic uraemic syndrome ( if the shigellosis is caused by e. coli 0157 ) ?
shigellosis is often caused by many bacteria of the shigella genus . one of the most common bacteria that causes it is shigella dysenteriae . another bacteria that can cause it is called enterohemorrhagic e. coli . now , these are just fancy names to refer to different types of bacteria . but in general , both of them...
one of the most common bacteria that causes it is shigella dysenteriae . another bacteria that can cause it is called enterohemorrhagic e. coli . now , these are just fancy names to refer to different types of bacteria .
why do antibiotics cause hus if that is the case ?
shigellosis is often caused by many bacteria of the shigella genus . one of the most common bacteria that causes it is shigella dysenteriae . another bacteria that can cause it is called enterohemorrhagic e. coli . now , these are just fancy names to refer to different types of bacteria . but in general , both of them...
shigellosis is often caused by many bacteria of the shigella genus . one of the most common bacteria that causes it is shigella dysenteriae . another bacteria that can cause it is called enterohemorrhagic e. coli .
can one test for the presence of these bacteria via blood/stool or other means ?
shigellosis is often caused by many bacteria of the shigella genus . one of the most common bacteria that causes it is shigella dysenteriae . another bacteria that can cause it is called enterohemorrhagic e. coli . now , these are just fancy names to refer to different types of bacteria . but in general , both of them...
ordinarily the stomach has a very acidic environment . but these bacteria are very sturdy . they can actually survive past the acidic environment of the stomach .
if the tests are negative upon ibd diagnosis , does it mean that the bacteria is not present ?
shigellosis is often caused by many bacteria of the shigella genus . one of the most common bacteria that causes it is shigella dysenteriae . another bacteria that can cause it is called enterohemorrhagic e. coli . now , these are just fancy names to refer to different types of bacteria . but in general , both of them...
shigellosis is often caused by many bacteria of the shigella genus . one of the most common bacteria that causes it is shigella dysenteriae . another bacteria that can cause it is called enterohemorrhagic e. coli .
can one test for the presence of these bacteria via blood/stool or other means ?
shigellosis is often caused by many bacteria of the shigella genus . one of the most common bacteria that causes it is shigella dysenteriae . another bacteria that can cause it is called enterohemorrhagic e. coli . now , these are just fancy names to refer to different types of bacteria . but in general , both of them...
ordinarily the stomach has a very acidic environment . but these bacteria are very sturdy . they can actually survive past the acidic environment of the stomach .
if the tests are negative upon ibd diagnosis , does it mean that the bacteria is not present ?
you 'd be amazed at the things you can draw or construct if you have a straightedge and a compass . a straightedge is literally just something that has a straight edge that allows you to draw straight lines , like a ruler . a compass is something that allows you to draw circles centered where you want them to be center...
i do n't know if it 's exactly perpendicular to the radius , i do n't know if it 's touching it exactly at one point right there . what we 're going to do is use our virtual compass and our virtual straightedge to do a more precise drawing . let 's do that .
how do you use a compass correctly in real life ?
you 'd be amazed at the things you can draw or construct if you have a straightedge and a compass . a straightedge is literally just something that has a straight edge that allows you to draw straight lines , like a ruler . a compass is something that allows you to draw circles centered where you want them to be center...
the way i can do that -- let me 'add a compass ' here . i 'll construct a circle that has the same radius as my original circle . now let me move it over so now it 's centered at < i > p < /i > .
how do you draw two tangents to a circle of radius 4cm so that the angle between them is 45degrees ?
you 'd be amazed at the things you can draw or construct if you have a straightedge and a compass . a straightedge is literally just something that has a straight edge that allows you to draw straight lines , like a ruler . a compass is something that allows you to draw circles centered where you want them to be center...
so i 've just constructed a perpendicular bisector to < i > p < /i > and it 's perpendicular to the radius from the center to < i > p < /i > of our original circle . now , that is going to be a tangent line because if we go through < i > p < /i > and we are exactly perpendicular to the radius from < i > p < /i > to the...
sal uses many different circles for the tangent line why is that ?
in the last video i just discussed a personal balance sheet and what illiquidity or what insolvency means . and if you understood that , i think we 're now ready to tackle what a balance sheet of some of these potentially troubled banks might look like . and i 'm not going to go into the details . but i 'm going to giv...
and that 's what these are . these bonds have some future economic value . they have the value of the interest payments . plus eventually , they 're going to pay you the $ 10 billion back .
do we have to acknowledge future interest/coupon payments to us as an asset ?
in the last video i just discussed a personal balance sheet and what illiquidity or what insolvency means . and if you understood that , i think we 're now ready to tackle what a balance sheet of some of these potentially troubled banks might look like . and i 'm not going to go into the details . but i 'm going to giv...
but let 's just kind of think about a generic balance sheet for a bank . so its assets . i 'm just going to make up some things .
so how do you include the interest on the bonds as part of our assets ?
in the last video i just discussed a personal balance sheet and what illiquidity or what insolvency means . and if you understood that , i think we 're now ready to tackle what a balance sheet of some of these potentially troubled banks might look like . and i 'm not going to go into the details . but i 'm going to giv...
which probably is a sign that the stink is starting to emerge from this part of the balance sheet . what does it mean , derivative ? well , you take a bunch of mortgages .
what is book value mean ?
in the last video i just discussed a personal balance sheet and what illiquidity or what insolvency means . and if you understood that , i think we 're now ready to tackle what a balance sheet of some of these potentially troubled banks might look like . and i 'm not going to go into the details . but i 'm going to giv...
i 'm just throwing that in there just as filler just to show you that there could be a lot of different types of assets in there . let 's say that it has another $ 10 billion in aaa corporate bonds . so you know these are loans to really solvent or very creditworthy companies .
is the aaa part in `` aaa corporate bonds '' part of a system to classify how risky a bond or loan to some entity is ?
in the last video i just discussed a personal balance sheet and what illiquidity or what insolvency means . and if you understood that , i think we 're now ready to tackle what a balance sheet of some of these potentially troubled banks might look like . and i 'm not going to go into the details . but i 'm going to giv...
so this is this $ 3 billion of equity divided by the number of shares . so each share should be worth , let 's see , $ 3 billion divided by 500 million , it should be $ 6 of book equity per share . and that 's something important to realize .
$ 3b ( equity ) or $ 6/share ?
in the last video i just discussed a personal balance sheet and what illiquidity or what insolvency means . and if you understood that , i think we 're now ready to tackle what a balance sheet of some of these potentially troubled banks might look like . and i 'm not going to go into the details . but i 'm going to giv...
but i 'm going to give you the big picture and i think that 's essentially what matters . so essentially , these banks have a bunch of assets . and i 'm going to talk about banks very generally right now , both commercial and investment banks . in a future video i 'll tell you the difference between the two and what re...
who lends to investment banks ?
in the last video i just discussed a personal balance sheet and what illiquidity or what insolvency means . and if you understood that , i think we 're now ready to tackle what a balance sheet of some of these potentially troubled banks might look like . and i 'm not going to go into the details . but i 'm going to giv...
but let 's just kind of think about a generic balance sheet for a bank . so its assets . i 'm just going to make up some things .
how exactly are cdo assets smelly ?
in the last video i just discussed a personal balance sheet and what illiquidity or what insolvency means . and if you understood that , i think we 're now ready to tackle what a balance sheet of some of these potentially troubled banks might look like . and i 'm not going to go into the details . but i 'm going to giv...
but let 's just kind of think about a generic balance sheet for a bank . so its assets . i 'm just going to make up some things .
are toxic assets inherently bad as the name would suggest ?
abe went running 4 days this past week . he ran 9 kilometers on each day . in that same week , beth ran 15 fewer kilometers than abe . how many kilometers did beth run that week ? so i encourage you to pause this video and to try this on your own , try to figure out , how many kilometers did beth run that week ? so the...
it would be this distance right over here . so this is kilometers beth ran . let me write it like this -- beth 's distance in the week .
why ca n't we say how many kilometers per day beth ran ?
abe went running 4 days this past week . he ran 9 kilometers on each day . in that same week , beth ran 15 fewer kilometers than abe . how many kilometers did beth run that week ? so i encourage you to pause this video and to try this on your own , try to figure out , how many kilometers did beth run that week ? so the...
abe went running 4 days this past week . he ran 9 kilometers on each day .
does n't 2 step word problems have adding and subtracting ?
abe went running 4 days this past week . he ran 9 kilometers on each day . in that same week , beth ran 15 fewer kilometers than abe . how many kilometers did beth run that week ? so i encourage you to pause this video and to try this on your own , try to figure out , how many kilometers did beth run that week ? so the...
abe went running 4 days this past week . he ran 9 kilometers on each day .
how do you take a brain builder test ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
we ca n't call it type b or type a because that 's these guys , so we actually call this o , type o . then we also have the same guys as possible recipients , so we have type ab blood recipient , type a blood recipient , type b blood recipient , and type o blood recipient . let 's make this into a table .
if type a , b , or o blood is donated to an ab recipient , would n't the donor 's antibodies also be infused with their blood , which would then attack the ab recipient 's blood which bears both a and b antigens ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
for that reason , someone who has this kind of blood , which means that all of their red blood cells have as and bs on them , that person would not want to make antibodies against the a and the b molecule , because if they did then their body would attack all of their red blood cells . these people do n't have these an...
since usually blood is only donated when large amounts are needed , why is n't this massive influx of pseudo-auto-antibodies a problem ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
well , how about someone with ab blood ? can they receive blood from someone with ab blood ? the answer is yes , because the guy with ab blood has no antibodies against a or b , so he wo n't attack the ab blood that is given to him .
what 's the probability of having each of the blood types ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
we usually draw it in this shape here . if you remember from the immune system , your body has something called antibodies , and it uses these antibodies to fight things that it does n't want in the body . for example , if you have a bacterium , i 'm drawing one here , you 'll have an antibody that will bind to that ba...
does having type o , and therefore more antibodies give you a better immune system ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
we ca n't call it type b or type a because that 's these guys , so we actually call this o , type o . then we also have the same guys as possible recipients , so we have type ab blood recipient , type a blood recipient , type b blood recipient , and type o blood recipient . let 's make this into a table .
what makes a person have a particular type of blood ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
this final guy , can you guess what he has ? he can actually have both a and b antibodies . he actually will have both , because that 's the way your immune system works .
is it possible to have antibodies for o ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
nor can b receive from a , nor can o . nor can o receive from b , nor can a receive from b . but o can give to everyone .
how are the a and b glycolipids made by rbc 's ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
we ca n't call it type b or type a because that 's these guys , so we actually call this o , type o . then we also have the same guys as possible recipients , so we have type ab blood recipient , type a blood recipient , type b blood recipient , and type o blood recipient . let 's make this into a table .
why is it that if type o blood is donated to an individual with any other blood type , that the recipient 's natural blood is not marked by the anti-a & anti-b antibodies , on type o , for destruction ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
what would happen is that this guy 's antibodies again b would go and bind to the b molecules on the blood that he 's just received , and then his body would start to destroy all of these cells that he just received . that 's bad because , first of all , it 's a waste . you gave this guy blood and now he 's just going ...
what is the first line of defance ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
let 's say they 're rushed to the hospital and you give them blood from someone with a and b molecules . what would happen is that this guy 's antibodies again b would go and bind to the b molecules on the blood that he 's just received , and then his body would start to destroy all of these cells that he just received...
a person with a blood would n't have b antibodies automatically , would they ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
we ca n't call it type b or type a because that 's these guys , so we actually call this o , type o . then we also have the same guys as possible recipients , so we have type ab blood recipient , type a blood recipient , type b blood recipient , and type o blood recipient . let 's make this into a table .
how can type o blood be a universal donor ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
what did we say before ? we said that someone with type a blood can not receive blood from someone with type ab blood . so that means that a recipient with ab donor is no good .
so how can someone , lets say , type b blood receive type o blood ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
now we 'll fill it in together . someone with ab blood can receive blood from a , he can receive blood from b , and he can receive blood from o because he has no antibodies to either a or b , so he wo n't react to any of these guys . likewise , someone with type a blood can , of course , receive from a , b can receive ...
what happens when a person with a+ is given b- blood ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
this antibody is kind of like a tag that marks this guy for destruction . but your body is very careful not to make antibodies against itself , which is obvious , right ? if your body made antibodies against itself , then it would start to attack itself .
antibodies are synthesized by body after exposure to antigen right ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
we ca n't call it type b or type a because that 's these guys , so we actually call this o , type o . then we also have the same guys as possible recipients , so we have type ab blood recipient , type a blood recipient , type b blood recipient , and type o blood recipient . let 's make this into a table .
then how can a person with a type blood group have antibodies against b antigen even though he or she is never exposed to that antigen ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
we ca n't call it type b or type a because that 's these guys , so we actually call this o , type o . then we also have the same guys as possible recipients , so we have type ab blood recipient , type a blood recipient , type b blood recipient , and type o blood recipient . let 's make this into a table .
how is a person 's blood type tested for ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
we ca n't call it type b or type a because that 's these guys , so we actually call this o , type o . then we also have the same guys as possible recipients , so we have type ab blood recipient , type a blood recipient , type b blood recipient , and type o blood recipient . let 's make this into a table .
i 'm not talking about ab rbc , where each cell has an a and a b. i mean like where there is a mix , thus not causing any antibodies to be made against each other , and letting you take any blood type ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
well , how about someone with ab blood ? can they receive blood from someone with ab blood ? the answer is yes , because the guy with ab blood has no antibodies against a or b , so he wo n't attack the ab blood that is given to him .
does the rh ( rhesus ) factor matter when receiving or donating blood ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
these people do n't have these antibodies . but , let 's say if you have this kind of blood , then you might not make an antibody against the a molecule , but you can make it against the b molecule , because the b is not in your body , and so there 's no risk that your body is going to attack itself by making an antibo...
how could it be possible as body had not encountered with antigen b ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
so when someone asks you for your blood type , this is what they 're referring to . this is why it 's really important to know your blood type if you 're ever going to require a blood transfusion .
but i do n't get this part : at time of blood transfusion how important is rh factor ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
we ca n't call it type b or type a because that 's these guys , so we actually call this o , type o . then we also have the same guys as possible recipients , so we have type ab blood recipient , type a blood recipient , type b blood recipient , and type o blood recipient . let 's make this into a table .
what is the difference between a blood type that is plus and a blood type that is minus ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
well , how about someone with ab blood ? can they receive blood from someone with ab blood ? the answer is yes , because the guy with ab blood has no antibodies against a or b , so he wo n't attack the ab blood that is given to him . why do n't you pause the video for a moment and try to fill in the rest of this table ...
so i was talking to my dad about blood typing and he brought up a question that i was n't fully qualified to answer ; can blood types be influenced by such factors as race/ethnicity or geographical location ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
well , how about someone with ab blood ? can they receive blood from someone with ab blood ? the answer is yes , because the guy with ab blood has no antibodies against a or b , so he wo n't attack the ab blood that is given to him .
if a person who has blood with rh negative donate blood second time to a person who has blood with rh positive what will happen ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
well , how about someone with ab blood ? can they receive blood from someone with ab blood ? the answer is yes , because the guy with ab blood has no antibodies against a or b , so he wo n't attack the ab blood that is given to him . why do n't you pause the video for a moment and try to fill in the rest of this table ...
i thought that type ab blood group could receive blood from groups : ab , a , b and o , as it does not express any antibodies ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
it turns out that you ca n't just give any blood to anyone , and it has to do with these a and b groups . for example , it turns out , and we 'll explain this , but for example , it turns out that if you are the kind of person who has this kind of blood that only has as on your blood cells , then it turns out that you ...
can u please explain the rhesus factor ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
well , how about someone with ab blood ? can they receive blood from someone with ab blood ? the answer is yes , because the guy with ab blood has no antibodies against a or b , so he wo n't attack the ab blood that is given to him .
why do you transfuse blood into the vein not into the artery ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
you 're rushed to the hospital . if you 've lost enough blood , they 'll give you a transfusion of blood . transfusion just means they 'll put a needle in your vein and pump blood into your veins . it turns out that you ca n't just give any blood to anyone , and it has to do with these a and b groups .
9 , why do they pump blood into the vein not the artery ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
well , how about someone with ab blood ? can they receive blood from someone with ab blood ? the answer is yes , because the guy with ab blood has no antibodies against a or b , so he wo n't attack the ab blood that is given to him .
are there any diseases or traits linked to certain blood types ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
we ca n't call it type b or type a because that 's these guys , so we actually call this o , type o . then we also have the same guys as possible recipients , so we have type ab blood recipient , type a blood recipient , type b blood recipient , and type o blood recipient . let 's make this into a table .
how do i get to know what my blood type is ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
let 's say they 're rushed to the hospital and you give them blood from someone with a and b molecules . what would happen is that this guy 's antibodies again b would go and bind to the b molecules on the blood that he 's just received , and then his body would start to destroy all of these cells that he just received...
then why would it ( a and b antigens ) be present on the surface of our own body 's rbc 's ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
for that reason , we call him the universal recipient . all these things , by the way , ab , a , b , o , these are blood types . so when someone asks you for your blood type , this is what they 're referring to .
what the difference between them and a , b , o and ab ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
but , let 's say if you have this kind of blood , then you might not make an antibody against the a molecule , but you can make it against the b molecule , because the b is not in your body , and so there 's no risk that your body is going to attack itself by making an antibody against the b molecule . so these guys do...
why do n't the body prepare antibody against the antigen which is present on the rbc ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
we usually draw it in this shape here . if you remember from the immune system , your body has something called antibodies , and it uses these antibodies to fight things that it does n't want in the body . for example , if you have a bacterium , i 'm drawing one here , you 'll have an antibody that will bind to that ba...
if the glycolipid of a & b is present from birth in our body then why it is called antigen ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ?
why is there no mention about rh protein ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
so when someone asks you for your blood type , this is what they 're referring to . this is why it 's really important to know your blood type if you 're ever going to require a blood transfusion .
how do we know if these sites are involved with hydrogen bonding , london dispersion forces , or dipole-dipole interactions ?
let 's say that this is a red blood cell . what makes up the outer layer of this red blood cell ? since it 's a cell , it has a cell membrane , and that 's made up of lipids . but embedded in those lipids , there 's all kinds of proteins and molecules , some of which i 'm drawing here , that have all kinds of differen...
something interesting you 'll notice here is , as we just said , o can give to anyone because the o blood type has no as or bs on it , so no one 's going to react to it . for that reason , we call o the universal donor . the other interesting thing you 'll notice is that ab can receive from everyone .
what is the universal donor ?