text stringlengths 0 210k |
|---|
the abacus (: abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a hand-operated calculating tool of unknown origin used since ancient times in the ancient near east, europe, china, and russia, millennia before the adoption of the hindu-arabic numeral system. the abacus consists of a two-dimensional array of slidable... |
an acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. hydrogen ion, h+), known as a brønsted–lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a lewis acid. the first category of acids are the proton donors, or brønsted–lowry acids. in the special case of aqueous solutions, proton ... |
bitumen (, ) is an immensely viscous constituent of petroleum. depending on its exact composition it can be a sticky, black liquid or an apparently solid mass that behaves as a liquid over very large time scales. in the u.s., the material is commonly referred to as asphalt. whether found in natural deposits or refined ... |
the american national standards institute (ansi ) is a private nonprofit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the united states. the organization also coordinates u.s. standards with international standards so that ameri... |
in logic and philosophy, an argument is an attempt to persuade someone of something, or give evidence or reasons for accepting a particular conclusion. argument may also refer to: mathematics and computer science argument (complex analysis), a function which returns the polar angle of a complex number command-line argu... |
apollo 11 (july 16–24, 1969) was the american spaceflight that first landed humans on the moon. commander neil armstrong and lunar module pilot buzz aldrin landed the apollo lunar module eagle on july 20, 1969, at 20:17 utc, and armstrong became the first person to step onto the moon's surface six hours and 39 minutes ... |
apollo 8 (december 21–27, 1968) was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low earth orbit and the first human spaceflight to reach the moon. the crew orbited the moon ten times without landing, and then departed safely back to earth. these three astronauts—frank borman, james lovell, and william anders—were the first hu... |
an astronaut (from the ancient greek (), meaning 'star', and (), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft. although generally reserved for professional space travelers, the term is sometimes applied to anyone ... |
a modest proposal for preventing the children of poor people from being a burthen to their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to the publick, commonly referred to as a modest proposal, is a juvenalian satirical essay written and published anonymously by jonathan swift in 1729. the essay suggests that th... |
the alkali metals consist of the chemical elements lithium (li), sodium (na), potassium (k), rubidium (rb), caesium (cs), and francium (fr). together with hydrogen they constitute group 1, which lies in the s-block of the periodic table. all alkali metals have their outermost electron in an s-orbital: this shared elect... |
an alphabet is a standardized set of basic written graphemes (called letters) representing phonemes, units of sounds that distinguish words, of certain spoken languages. not all writing systems represent language in this way; in a syllabary, each character represents a syllable, and logographic systems use characters t... |
the atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol z) of a chemical element is the charge number of an atomic nucleus. for ordinary nuclei composed of protons and neutrons, this is equal to the proton number (np) or the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. the atomic number can be used ... |
anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. it is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. anatomy is inherently tied to developmental b... |
in propositional logic, affirming the consequent, sometimes called converse error, fallacy of the converse, or confusion of necessity and sufficiency, is a formal fallacy of taking a true conditional statement (e.g., "if the lamp were broken, then the room would be dark") under certain assumptions (there are no other l... |
andrei arsenyevich tarkovsky (; 4 april 1932 – 29 december 1986) was a russian film director and screenwriter. widely considered one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinema history, tarkovsky's films explore spiritual and metaphysical themes, and are noted for their slow pacing and long takes, dreamlik... |
ambiguity is the type of meaning in which a phrase, statement, or resolution is not explicitly defined, making several interpretations plausible. a common aspect of ambiguity is uncertainty. it is thus an attribute of any idea or statement whose intended meaning cannot be definitively resolved, according to a rule or p... |
abel is a biblical figure in the book of genesis within abrahamic religions. he was the younger brother of cain, and the younger son of adam and eve, the first couple in biblical history. he was a shepherd who offered his firstborn flock up to god as an offering. god accepted his offering but not his brother's. cain th... |
an animal is a multicellular, eukaryotic organism of the kingdom animalia or metazoa. animal, animals, or the animal may also refer to: people the animal (nickname), a list of people nicknamed "the animal" or "animal" animal hamaguchi, a ring name of japanese retired professional wrestler heigo hamaguchi (born 1947) ro... |
the aardvark ( ; orycteropus afer) is a medium-sized, burrowing, nocturnal mammal native to africa. it is the only living species of the order tubulidentata, although other prehistoric species and genera of tubulidentata are known. unlike most other insectivores, it has a long snout, similar to that of a pig, which is ... |
the aardwolf (proteles cristatus) is an insectivorous species of hyena, native to east and southern africa. its name means "earth-wolf" in afrikaans and dutch. it is also called the maanhaar-jackal (afrikaans for "mane-jackal"), termite-eating hyena and civet hyena, based on its habit of secreting substances from its a... |
adobe ( ; ) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. is spanish for mudbrick. in some english-speaking regions of spanish heritage, such as the southwestern united states, the term is used to refer to any kind of earthen construction, or various architectural styles like pueblo revival or territori... |
an adventure is an exciting experience or undertaking that is typically bold, sometimes risky. adventures may be activities with danger such as traveling, exploring, skydiving, mountain climbing, scuba diving, river rafting, or other extreme sports. adventures are often undertaken to create psychological arousal or in ... |
asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. it covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometers, about 30% of earth's total land area and 8% of earth's total surface area. the continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many... |
aruba ( , or , ), officially the country of aruba (; ), is a constituent country of the kingdom of the netherlands physically located in the mid-south of the caribbean sea, about north of the venezuelan peninsula of paraguaná and northwest of curaçao. it measures long from its northwestern to its southeastern end and a... |
the articles of confederation and perpetual union was an agreement among the 13 states of the united states, formerly the thirteen colonies, that served as the nation's first frame of government. it was debated by the second continental congress at independence hall in philadelphia between july 1776 and november 1777, ... |
asia minor is an alternative name for anatolia, the westernmost protrusion of asia, comprising the majority of the republic of turkey. asia minor may also refer to: asia minor (album), an album by jamaican-born jazz trumpeter dizzy reece "asia minor" (instrumental), a 1961 instrumental recording by jimmy wisner (operat... |
the atlantic ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . it covers approximately 17% of earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. it is known to separate the "old world" of africa, europe, and asia from the "new world" of the americas in the european perception of the ... |
arthur schopenhauer ( , ; 22 february 1788 – 21 september 1860) was a german philosopher. he is best known for his 1818 work the world as will and representation (expanded in 1844), which characterizes the phenomenal world as the manifestation of a blind and irrational noumenal will. building on the transcendental idea... |
angola ( ; ; , ), officially the republic of angola (), is a country on the west-central coast of southern africa. it is the second-largest lusophone (portuguese-speaking) country in both total area and population (behind brazil in both cases), and is the seventh-largest country in africa. it is bordered by namibia to ... |
demographic features of the population of angola include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects. according to 2014 census data, angola had a population of 25,789,024 inhabitants in 2014. ethnically, there are three main groups, e... |
the current political regime in angola is presidentialism, in which the president of the republic is also head of state and government; it is advised by a council of ministers, which together with the president form the national executive power. legislative power rests with the 220 parliamentarians elected to the natio... |
the economy of angola remains heavily influenced by the effects of four decades of conflict in the last part of the 20th century, the war for independence from portugal (1961–75) and the subsequent civil war (1975–2002). despite extensive oil and gas resources, diamonds, hydroelectric potential, and rich agricultural l... |
transport in angola comprises: roads railways there are three separate railway lines in angola: luanda railway (cfl) (northern); benguela railway (cfb) (central), operated by the lobito atlantic railway joint venture; moçâmedes railway (cfm) (southern); reconstruction of these three lines began in 2005 and they are now... |
the angolan armed forces () or faa is the military of angola. the faa consist of the angolan army (), the angolan navy () and the national air force of angola (). reported total manpower in 2021 was about 107,000. the faa is headed by the chief of the general staff antónio egídio de sousa santos since 2018, who reports... |
the foreign relations of angola are based on angola's strong support of u.s. foreign policy as the angolan economy is dependent on u.s. foreign aid. from 1975 to 1989, angola was aligned with the eastern bloc, in particular the soviet union, libya, and cuba. since then, it has focused on improving relationships with we... |
albert sidney johnston (february 2, 1803 – april 6, 1862) served as a general in three different armies: the texian army, the united states army, and the confederate states army. he saw extensive combat during his 34-year military career, fighting actions in the black hawk war, the texas-indian wars, the mexican–americ... |
an android is a humanoid robot or other artificial being often made from a flesh-like material. historically, androids were completely within the domain of science fiction and frequently seen in film and television, but advances in robot technology now allow the design of functional and realistic humanoid robots. termi... |
alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of canada. it is a part of western canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. alberta is bordered by british columbia to the west, saskatchewan to the east, the northwest territories to the north, and the u.s. state of montana to the south. it is one o... |
a john adair b. r. ambedkar giulio angioni jon altman arjun appadurai talal asad timothy asch scott atran marc augé b nigel barley fredrik barth vasily bartold keith h. basso daisy bates gregory bateson mary catherine bateson ruth behar ruth benedict dorothy a. bennett carl h. berendt lee berger brent berlin catherine ... |
actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. they are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webs of skin supported by radially extended bony spines, as opposed to the bulkier, fleshy l... |
albert einstein ( ; ; 14 march 1879 – 18 april 1955) was a german-born theoretical physicist who is widely held to be one of the greatest and most influential scientists of all time. best known for developing the theory of relativity, einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics, and was thus a centr... |
afghanistan, officially the islamic emirate of afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of central asia and south asia. referred to as the heart of asia, it is bordered by pakistan to the east and south, iran to the west, turkmenistan to the northwest, uzbekistan to the north, tajikistan to the no... |
albania ( ; or ), officially the republic of albania (), is a country in southeast europe. the country is located in the balkans on the adriatic and ionian seas within the mediterranean sea and shares land borders with montenegro to the northwest, kosovo to the northeast, north macedonia to the east and greece to the s... |
allah (; , , ) is the common arabic word for god. in the english language, the word generally refers to god in islam. the word is thought to be derived by contraction from al-ilāh, which means "the god", and is linguistically related to the aramaic words elah and syriac (ʼalāhā) and the hebrew word el (elohim) for god.... |
algorithms is a monthly peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal of mathematics, covering design, analysis, and experiments on algorithms. the journal is published by mdpi and was established in 2008. the founding editor-in-chief was kazuo iwama (kyoto university). from may 2014 to september 2019, the editor-in-chi... |
azerbaijan (, ; , ), officially the republic of azerbaijan, is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of eastern europe and west asia. it is a part of the south caucasus region and is bounded by the caspian sea to the east, russia (republic of dagestan) to the north, georgia to the northwest, armenia and tu... |
amateur astronomy is a hobby where participants enjoy observing or imaging celestial objects in the sky using the unaided eye, binoculars, or telescopes. even though scientific research may not be their primary goal, some amateur astronomers make contributions in doing citizen science, such as by monitoring variable st... |
aikido ( , , , ) is a modern japanese martial art that is split into many different styles, including iwama ryu, iwama shin shin aiki shuren kai, shodokan aikido, yoshinkan, renshinkai, aikikai and ki aikido. aikido is now practiced in around 140 countries. it was originally developed by morihei ueshiba, as a synthesis... |
art is a diverse range of human activity, and its resulting product, that involves creative or imaginative talent expressive of technical proficiency, beauty, emotional power, or conceptual ideas. there is no generally agreed definition of what constitutes art, and its interpretation has varied greatly throughout histo... |
agnostida are an order of extinct arthropods which have classically been seen as a group of highly modified trilobites, though some recent research has doubted this placement. regardless, they appear to be close relatives as part of the artiopoda. they are present in the lower cambrian fossil record along with trilobit... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.