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ægir (anglicised as aegir; old norse 'sea'), hlér (old norse 'sea'), or gymir (old norse less clearly 'sea, engulfer'), is a jötunn and a personification of the sea in norse mythology. in the old norse record, ægir hosts the gods in his halls and is associated with brewing ale. ægir is attested as married to a goddess,... |
an antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. it is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. they may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. a lim... |
arnold alois schwarzenegger (born july 30, 1947) is an austrian and american actor, businessman, filmmaker, former politician, and former professional bodybuilder best known for his roles in high-profile action movies. he served as the 38th governor of california from 2003 to 2011 and was among time magazine's 100 most... |
asa as an abbreviation or initialism may refer to: biology and medicine accessible surface area of a biomolecule, accessible to a solvent acetylsalicylic acid, aspirin advanced surface ablation, refractive eye surgery anterior spinal artery, the blood vessel which supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord antisp... |
actium or aktion () was a town on a promontory in ancient acarnania at the entrance of the ambraciot gulf, off which octavian gained his celebrated victory, the battle of actium, over antony and cleopatra, on september 2, 31 bce. history actium belonged originally to the corinthian colonists of anactorium, who probably... |
amway (short for "american way") is an american multi-level marketing (mlm) company that sells health, beauty, and home care products. the company was founded in 1959 by jay van andel and richard devos and is based in ada, michigan. amway and its sister companies under alticor reported sales of $8.9 billion in 2019. it... |
adam smith (baptised 1723 – 17 july 1790) was a scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the scottish enlightenment. seen by some as "the father of economics" or "the father of capitalism", he wrote two classic works, the theory of moral sentiments ... |
antoine-laurent de lavoisier ( ; ; 26 august 17438 may 1794), also antoine lavoisier after the french revolution, was a french nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology. it is generally accepted ... |
adolph wilhelm hermann kolbe (27 september 1818 – 25 november 1884) was a major contributor to the birth of modern organic chemistry. he was a professor at marburg and leipzig. kolbe was the first to apply the term synthesis in a chemical context, and contributed to the philosophical demise of vitalism through synthesi... |
events pre-1600 796 – king æthelred i of northumbria is murdered in corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, ealdred and wada. the patrician osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. 1428 – peace of ferrara between republic of venice, duchy of milan, republic of florence and house of gonzaga: ending of the sec... |
events pre-1600 215 bc – a temple is built on the capitoline hill dedicated to venus erycina to commemorate the roman defeat at lake trasimene. 599 – maya king uneh chan of calakmul attacks rival city-state palenque in southern mexico, defeating queen yohl ik'nal and sacking the city. 711 – dagobert iii succeeds his fa... |
amitabh bachchan (; born as amitabh srivastava; 11 october 1942) is an indian actor, film producer, television host, occasional playback singer and former politician, who works in hindi cinema. in a film career spanning over five decades, he has starred in more than 200 films. bachchan is widely regarded as one of the ... |
in linguistics, an allomorph is a variant phonetic form of a morpheme, or, a unit of meaning that varies in sound and spelling without changing the meaning. the term allomorph describes the realization of phonological variations for a specific morpheme. the different allomorphs that a morpheme can become are governed b... |
in phonology, an allophone (; from the greek , , 'other' and , , 'voice, sound') is one of multiple possible spoken soundsor phonesor signs used to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular language. for example, in english, the voiceless plosive (as in stop ) and the aspirated form (as in top ) are allophones for the... |
in linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form. the main two categories are derivational and inflectional affixes. the first ones, such as -un, -ation, anti-, pre- etc, introduce a semantic change to the word they are attached to. the latter ones introduce a synta... |
as a literary device or artistic form, an allegory is a narrative or visual representation in which a character, place, or event can be interpreted to represent a hidden meaning with moral or political significance. authors have used allegory throughout history in all forms of art to illustrate or convey complex ideas ... |
allotropy or allotropism () is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, in the same physical state, known as allotropes of the elements. allotropes are different structural modifications of an element: the atoms of the element are bonded together in different manners. for example,... |
agathocles (, agathoklḗs; 361–289 bc) was a greek tyrant of syracuse (317–289 bc) and self-styled king of sicily (304–289 bc). biography agathocles was born at thermae himeraeae (modern name termini imerese), magna graecia, in sicily. the son of a potter who had moved to syracuse in about 343 bc, he learned his father'... |
the economy of alberta is the sum of all economic activity in alberta, canada's fourth largest province by population. alberta's gdp in 2018 was cdn$338.2 billion. although alberta has a presence in many industries such as agriculture, forestry, education, tourism, finance, and manufacturing, the politics and culture o... |
baron augustin-louis cauchy ( , , ; 21 august 178923 may 1857) was a french mathematician, engineer, and physicist who made pioneering contributions to several branches of mathematics, including mathematical analysis and continuum mechanics. he was one of the first to state and rigorously prove theorems of calculus, re... |
archimedes of syracuse (, ; ) was an ancient greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the ancient city of syracuse in sicily. although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. considered the greatest mathematician of ancien... |
alternative medicine is any practice that aims to achieve the healing effects of medicine despite lacking biological plausibility, testability, repeatability or evidence of effectiveness. unlike modern medicine, which employs the scientific method to test plausible therapies by way of responsible and ethical clinical t... |
in geometry, an archimedean solid is one of 13 convex polyhedra whose faces are regular polygons and whose vertices are all symmetric to each other. they were first enumerated by archimedes. the convex polyhedra with regular faces and symmetric vertices (the convex uniform polyhedra) include also the five platonic soli... |
in geometry, an antiprism or is a polyhedron composed of two parallel direct copies (not mirror images) of an polygon, connected by an alternating band of triangles. they are represented by the conway notation . antiprisms are a subclass of prismatoids, and are a (degenerate) type of snub polyhedron. antiprisms are sim... |
the natural history of africa encompasses some of the well known megafauna of that continent. natural history is the study and description of organisms and natural objects, especially their origins, evolution, and interrelationships. flora the vegetation of africa follows very closely the distribution of heat and moist... |
africa is a continent comprising 63 political territories, representing the largest of the great southward projections from the main mass of earth's surface. within its regular outline, it comprises an area of , excluding adjacent islands. its highest mountain is mount kilimanjaro; its largest lake is lake victoria. se... |
approval voting is an electoral system in which voters can select many candidates instead of selecting only one candidate. description approval voting ballots show a list of all the candidates running and each voter indicates support for as many candidates as they see fit. final tallies show how many votes each candida... |
arizona state university (arizona state or asu) is a public research university in the phoenix metropolitan area. founded in 1885 by the 13th arizona territorial legislature, asu is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the united states. one of three universities governed by the arizona board of rege... |
events pre-1600 43 bc – legions loyal to the roman senate, commanded by gaius pansa, defeat the forces of mark antony in the battle of forum gallorum. 69 – vitellius, commanding rhine-based armies, defeats roman emperor otho in the first battle of bedriacum to take power over rome. 966 – following his marriage to the c... |
astoria is a port city and the seat of clatsop county, oregon, united states. founded in 1811, astoria is the oldest city in the state and was the first permanent american settlement west of the rocky mountains. the county is the northwest corner of oregon, and astoria is located on the south shore of the columbia rive... |
alarums and excursions (a&e) is an amateur press association (apa) started in june 1975 by lee gold; publication continues to the present day. it was one of the first publications to focus solely on role-playing games. history in 1964, bruce pelz of the los angeles science fiction society (lasfs) began a weekly amateur... |
alfred jarry (; 8 september 1873 – 1 november 1907) was a french symbolist writer who is best known for his play ubu roi (1896), often cited as a forerunner of dada and the surrealist and futurist movements of the 1920s and 1930s. he also coined the term and philosophical concept of 'pataphysics. jarry was born in lava... |
amalric or amalaric (also americ, almerich, emeric, emerick and other variations) is a personal name derived from the tribal name amal (referring to the gothic amali) and ric (gothic reiks) meaning "ruler, prince". equivalents in different languages include: french: amaury (surname/given name), amalric (surname), amaur... |
amalric or amaury i (; ; 113611 july 1174) was king of jerusalem from 1163, and count of jaffa and ascalon before his accession. he was the second son of melisende and fulk of jerusalem, and succeeded his older brother baldwin iii. during his reign, jerusalem became more closely allied with the byzantine empire, and th... |
aimery of lusignan (, , amorí; before 11551 april 1205), erroneously referred to as amalric or amaury in earlier scholarship, was the first king of cyprus, reigning from 1196 to his death. he also reigned as the king of jerusalem from his marriage to isabella i in 1197 to his death. he was a younger son of hugh viii of... |
anthemius of tralles (, medieval greek: , anthémios o trallianós; – 533 558) was a byzantine greek from tralles who worked as a geometer and architect in constantinople, the capital of the byzantine empire. with isidore of miletus, he designed the hagia sophia for justinian i. life anthemius was one of the five sons of... |
absalon (21 march 1201) was a danish statesman and prelate of the catholic church who served as the bishop of roskilde from 1158 to 1192 and archbishop of lund from 1178 until his death. he was the foremost politician and church father of denmark in the second half of the 12th century, and was the closest advisor of ki... |
adhemar (also known as adémar, aimar, or aelarz) de monteil (died 1 august 1098) was one of the principal figures of the first crusade and was bishop of puy-en-velay from before 1087. he was the chosen representative of pope urban ii for the expedition to the holy land. remembered for his martial prowess, he led knight... |
alphonse or alfonso (11 november 122021 august 1271) was the count of poitou from 1225 and count of toulouse (as such called alphonse ii) from 1249. as count of toulouse, he also governed the marquisate of provence. birth and early life born at poissy, alphonse was a son of king louis viii of france and blanche of cast... |
alfonso jordan, also spelled alfons jordan or alphonse jourdain (1103–1148), was the count of tripoli (1105–09), count of rouergue (1109–48) and count of toulouse, margrave of provence and duke of narbonne (1112–48). life alfonso was the son of raymond iv of toulouse by his third wife, elvira of castile. he was born in... |
ambroise, sometimes ambroise of normandy, (flourished ) was a norman poet and chronicler of the third crusade, author of a work called , which describes in rhyming old french verse the adventures of as a crusader. the poem is known to us only through one vatican manuscript, and long escaped the notice of historians. th... |
art deco, short for the french , and sometimes referred to simply as deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in france in the 1910s (just before world war i), and flourished in the united states and europe during the 1920s to early 1930s. through styling and design of the ... |
ascii art is a graphic design technique that uses computers for presentation and consists of pictures pieced together from the 95 printable (from a total of 128) characters defined by the ascii standard from 1963 and ascii compliant character sets with proprietary extended characters (beyond the 128 characters of stand... |
alexius is the latinized form of the given name alexios (, polytonic , "defender", cf. alexander), especially common in the byzantine empire. the female form is alexia () and its variants such as alessia (the masculine form of which is alessio) in italian. the name belongs to the most ancient attested greek names (a-re... |
american english, sometimes called united states english or u.s. english, is the set of varieties of the english language native to the united states. english is the most widely spoken language in the united states and in most circumstances is the de facto common language used in government, education and commerce. sin... |
albert goodwill spalding (september 2, 1849 – september 9, 1915) was an american pitcher, manager, and executive in the early years of professional baseball, and the co-founder of a.g. spalding sporting goods company. he was born and raised in byron, illinois, yet graduated from rockford central high school in rockford... |
the africa alphabet (also international african alphabet or iai alphabet) is a set of letters designed as the basis for latin alphabets for the languages of africa. it was initially developed in 1928 by the international institute of african languages and cultures from a combination of the english alphabet and the inte... |
acquire is a board game published by 3m in 1964 that involves multi-player mergers and acquisitions. it was one of the most popular games in the 3m bookshelf games series published in the 1960s, and the only one still published in the united states. description acquire is a board game for 2–6 players in which players a... |
australian english (ause, auseng, aue, aueng, en-au) is the set of varieties of the english language native to australia. it is the country's common language and de facto national language; while australia has no official language, english is the first language of the majority of the population, and has been entrenched... |
american airlines flight 77 was a scheduled domestic transcontinental passenger flight from dulles international airport in northern virginia to los angeles international airport in california. the boeing 757-223 aircraft serving the flight was hijacked by five al-qaeda terrorists on the morning of september 11, 2001, ... |
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