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----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- LuaJIT profiler.
--
-- Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Mike Pall. All rights reserved.
-- Released under the MIT license. See Copyright Notice in luajit.h
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
-- This module is a simple command line interface to the built-in
-- low-overhead profiler of LuaJIT.
--
-- The lower-level API of the profiler is accessible via the "jit.profile"
-- module or the luaJIT_profile_* C API.
--
-- Example usage:
--
-- luajit -jp myapp.lua
-- luajit -jp=s myapp.lua
-- luajit -jp=-s myapp.lua
-- luajit -jp=vl myapp.lua
-- luajit -jp=G,profile.txt myapp.lua
--
-- The following dump features are available:
--
-- f Stack dump: function name, otherwise module:line. Default mode.
-- F Stack dump: ditto, but always prepend module.
-- l Stack dump: module:line.
-- <number> stack dump depth (callee < caller). Default: 1.
-- -<number> Inverse stack dump depth (caller > callee).
-- s Split stack dump after first stack level. Implies abs(depth) >= 2.
-- p Show full path for module names.
-- v Show VM states. Can be combined with stack dumps, e.g. vf or fv.
-- z Show zones. Can be combined with stack dumps, e.g. zf or fz.
-- r Show raw sample counts. Default: show percentages.
-- a Annotate excerpts from source code files.
-- A Annotate complete source code files.
-- G Produce raw output suitable for graphical tools (e.g. flame graphs).
-- m<number> Minimum sample percentage to be shown. Default: 3.
-- i<number> Sampling interval in milliseconds. Default: 10.
--
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Cache some library functions and objects.
local jit = require("jit")
local profile = require("jit.profile")
local vmdef = require("jit.vmdef")
local math = math
local pairs, ipairs, tonumber, floor = pairs, ipairs, tonumber, math.floor
local sort, format = table.sort, string.format
local stdout = io.stdout
local zone -- Load jit.zone module on demand.
-- Output file handle.
local out
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
local prof_ud
local prof_states, prof_split, prof_min, prof_raw, prof_fmt, prof_depth
local prof_ann, prof_count1, prof_count2, prof_samples
local map_vmmode = {
N = "Compiled",
I = "Interpreted",
C = "C code",
G = "Garbage Collector",
J = "JIT Compiler",
}
-- Profiler callback.
local function prof_cb(th, samples, vmmode)
prof_samples = prof_samples + samples
local key_stack, key_stack2, key_state
-- Collect keys for sample.
if prof_states then
if prof_states == "v" then
key_state = map_vmmode[vmmode] or vmmode
else
key_state = zone:get() or "(none)"
end
end
if prof_fmt then
key_stack = profile.dumpstack(th, prof_fmt, prof_depth)
key_stack = key_stack:gsub("%[builtin#(%d+)%]", function(x)
return vmdef.ffnames[tonumber(x)]
end)
if prof_split == 2 then
local k1, k2 = key_stack:match("(.-) [<>] (.*)")
if k2 then key_stack, key_stack2 = k1, k2 end
elseif prof_split == 3 then
key_stack2 = profile.dumpstack(th, "l", 1)
end
end
-- Order keys.
local k1, k2
if prof_split == 1 then
if key_state then
k1 = key_state
if key_stack then k2 = key_stack end
end
elseif key_stack then
k1 = key_stack
if key_stack2 then k2 = key_stack2 elseif key_state then k2 = key_state end
end
-- Coalesce samples in one or two levels.
if k1 then
local t1 = prof_count1
t1[k1] = (t1[k1] or 0) + samples
if k2 then
local t2 = prof_count2
local t3 = t2[k1]
if not t3 then t3 = {}; t2[k1] = t3 end
t3[k2] = (t3[k2] or 0) + samples
end
end
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Show top N list.
local function prof_top(count1, count2, samples, indent)
local t, n = {}, 0
for k in pairs(count1) do
n = n + 1
t[n] = k
end
sort(t, function(a, b) return count1[a] > count1[b] end)
for i=1,n do
local k = t[i]
local v = count1[k]
local pct = floor(v*100/samples + 0.5)
if pct < prof_min then break end
if not prof_raw then
out:write(format("%s%2d%% %s\n", indent, pct, k))
elseif prof_raw == "r" then
out:write(format("%s%5d %s\n", indent, v, k))
else
out:write(format("%s %d\n", k, v))
end
if count2 then
local r = count2[k]
if r then
prof_top(r, nil, v, (prof_split == 3 or prof_split == 1) and " -- " or
(prof_depth < 0 and " -> " or " <- "))
end
end
end
end
-- Annotate source code
local function prof_annotate(count1, samples)
local files = {}
local ms = 0
for k, v in pairs(count1) do
local pct = floor(v*100/samples + 0.5)
ms = math.max(ms, v)
if pct >= prof_min then
local file, line = k:match("^(.*):(%d+)$")
if not file then file = k; line = 0 end
local fl = files[file]
if not fl then fl = {}; files[file] = fl; files[#files+1] = file end
line = tonumber(line)
fl[line] = prof_raw and v or pct
end
end
sort(files)
local fmtv, fmtn = " %3d%% | %s\n", " | %s\n"
if prof_raw then
local n = math.max(5, math.ceil(math.log10(ms)))
fmtv = "%"..n.."d | %s\n"
fmtn = (" "):rep(n).." | %s\n"
end
local ann = prof_ann
for _, file in ipairs(files) do
local f0 = file:byte()
if f0 == 40 or f0 == 91 then
out:write(format("\n====== %s ======\n[Cannot annotate non-file]\n", file))
break
end
local fp, err = io.open(file)
if not fp then
out:write(format("====== ERROR: %s: %s\n", file, err))
break
end
out:write(format("\n====== %s ======\n", file))
local fl = files[file]
local n, show = 1, false
if ann ~= 0 then
for i=1,ann do
if fl[i] then show = true; out:write("@@ 1 @@\n"); break end
end
end
for line in fp:lines() do
if line:byte() == 27 then
out:write("[Cannot annotate bytecode file]\n")
break
end
local v = fl[n]
if ann ~= 0 then
local v2 = fl[n+ann]
if show then
if v2 then show = n+ann elseif v then show = n
elseif show+ann < n then show = false end
elseif v2 then
show = n+ann
out:write(format("@@ %d @@\n", n))
end
if not show then goto next end
end
if v then
out:write(format(fmtv, v, line))
else
out:write(format(fmtn, line))
end
::next::
n = n + 1
end
fp:close()
end
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Finish profiling and dump result.
local function prof_finish()
if prof_ud then
profile.stop()
local samples = prof_samples
if samples == 0 then
if prof_raw ~= true then out:write("[No samples collected]\n") end
elseif prof_ann then
prof_annotate(prof_count1, samples)
else
prof_top(prof_count1, prof_count2, samples, "")
end
prof_count1 = nil
prof_count2 = nil
prof_ud = nil
if out ~= stdout then out:close() end
end
end
-- Start profiling.
local function prof_start(mode)
local interval = ""
mode = mode:gsub("i%d*", function(s) interval = s; return "" end)
prof_min = 3
mode = mode:gsub("m(%d+)", function(s) prof_min = tonumber(s); return "" end)
prof_depth = 1
mode = mode:gsub("%-?%d+", function(s) prof_depth = tonumber(s); return "" end)
local m = {}
for c in mode:gmatch(".") do m[c] = c end
prof_states = m.z or m.v
if prof_states == "z" then zone = require("jit.zone") end
local scope = m.l or m.f or m.F or (prof_states and "" or "f")
local flags = (m.p or "")
prof_raw = m.r
if m.s then
prof_split = 2
if prof_depth == -1 or m["-"] then prof_depth = -2
elseif prof_depth == 1 then prof_depth = 2 end
elseif mode:find("[fF].*l") then
scope = "l"
prof_split = 3
else
prof_split = (scope == "" or mode:find("[zv].*[lfF]")) and 1 or 0
end
prof_ann = m.A and 0 or (m.a and 3)
if prof_ann then
scope = "l"
prof_fmt = "pl"
prof_split = 0
prof_depth = 1
elseif m.G and scope ~= "" then
prof_fmt = flags..scope.."Z;"
prof_depth = -100
prof_raw = true
prof_min = 0
elseif scope == "" then
prof_fmt = false
else
local sc = prof_split == 3 and m.f or m.F or scope
prof_fmt = flags..sc..(prof_depth >= 0 and "Z < " or "Z > ")
end
prof_count1 = {}
prof_count2 = {}
prof_samples = 0
profile.start(scope:lower()..interval, prof_cb)
prof_ud = newproxy(true)
getmetatable(prof_ud).__gc = prof_finish
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
local function start(mode, outfile)
if not outfile then outfile = os.getenv("LUAJIT_PROFILEFILE") end
if outfile then
out = outfile == "-" and stdout or assert(io.open(outfile, "w"))
else
out = stdout
end
prof_start(mode or "f")
end
-- Public module functions.
return {
start = start, -- For -j command line option.
stop = prof_finish
}
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