title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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Histochemical changes of the rat testis and epididymis after treatment of alpha-chlorohydrin-effects of a single low dose. | A histochemical study has been made of the localization and changes of lipids, carbohydrates, ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase in fresh and fixed frozen sections of testicular and epididymal components in the normal and alpha-chlorohydrin-treated rats. After treatment with a single low dose of alpha-chlorohydrin, the phospholipids are decreased with corresponding increase in triglycerides in both the testis and epididymis. Glycogen, ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase are also decreased after treatment with alpha-chlorohydrin. The physiological significance of these histochemical changes has been discussed. | 152,590 | [
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[Tissue specific effect of lymphocytic chalone isolated from rat spleen]. | Chalone-containing alcohol extract from the rat spleen consisting of 8--10 substances of protein nature, according to the data of the disk electrophoresis, possesses a selective property to inhibit the entrance of human transformed lymphocytes into the phase of DNA synthesis. Injection of lymphocytic chalones to the mice allotransplants of a donor's skin grafts, which differ from the recipient by a strong antigen, temporally delays the rejection of the transplanted graft. In mice-recipients, the thymus treated with lymphocytic chalone is characterized by the depletion of the cortical substance. | 152,620 | [
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Some problems of the severely handicapped. | Acceptance of the severely handicapped in our community is limited. It may be limited by lack of experience, as 'the chicken and the egg' syndrome applies--do we keep the handicapped away from the public because of adverse reaction, or does the public react adversely because the handicapped are kept away? I work with handicapped children and their families, and therefore the following article is related to children. | 152,625 | [
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Erythrocyte actin and spectrin. Interactions with muscle contractile and regulatory proteins. | Actin and spectrin were isolated from washed red blood cell membranes. Spectrin bound and polymerized erythrocyte actin in the absence of potassium. Spectrin coated into polystyrene latex particles bound 8--9 mol of erythrocyte actin per mol of spectrin when actin was in its depolymerized state. Spectrin enhanced the interaction of erythrocyte actin with muscle myosin as manifested by changes in Mg2+-ATPase activity. A similar enhancement also was observed with muscle alpha-actinin while muscle tropomyosin abolished these effects. The data suggest that spectrin may play the role of polymerizing factor as well as the anchoring site for erythrocyte actin just as alpha-actinin is the anchoring site for actin filaments in muscle and other non-muscle cells. | 152,647 | [
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Studies on the heterogeneity of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. | Isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles from rabbit white muscle were separated into a light (15--20% of total microsomes) and a heavy (80--85%) fraction by density gradient centifugation. The ultrastructure, chemical composition, enzymic activities and localization of membrane components in the vesicles of both fractions were investigated. From the following results it was concluded that both fractions are derived from the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum system of the muscle: (i) The protein pattern of both fractions is essentially the same, except for different ratios of acidic, Ca2+-binding proteins. (ii) The 105000 dalton protein of the light fraction cross-reacts immunologically with the Ca2+-dependent ATPase of the heavy fraction. (iii) Ca2+-dependent ATPase, although of different specific activity, is found in both fractions. After rendering the vesicles leaky, specific activities in both fractions reach the same value. The light fraction was found to consist of "inside-out" vesicles by the following criteria: (i) No Ca2+ accumulation can be measured and the Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity is low and variable. (ii) The rate of trypsin digestion is lower and, compared to the heavy microsomes, a different ratio of degradation products is obtained. (iii) The sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane has a highly asymmetrical lipid distribution. This distribution of aminophospholipids is opposite to that in vesicles of heavy fraction. The light sarcoplasmic reticulum fraction has a higher phospholipid to protein ratio than the heavy one. This is consistent with the possibility that the two fractions derive from different parts of the sarcoplasmic reticulum system. | 152,648 | [
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Properties of three distinct pyrimide transport systems in yeast. Evidence for distinct energy coupling. | In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the uptake of cytosine, uracil and uridine is mediated by three permeases. Using mutants blocked in the metabolic utilization of these three compounds we were able to study their specific uptake. Cytosine and uridine show simple saturation kinetics, whereas uracil uptake is a biphasic process. A comparison of the effects of several inhibitors of energy metabolism on these uptake systems was made. Striking differences were found. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (10(-3) M) and NaN3 (10(-2) M) inhibit the entry of the three compounds to similar extent, but chlorhexidine (10(-5) M) and Dio 9 (50 microgram/ml) which are ATPase inhibitors in vitro strongly impaired cytosine and uridine entry and remained without effect on uracil uptake. We provisionally conclude that these systems may be energized by different mechanisms. In the case of cytosine and uridine permease, a membrane ATPase is possibly involved in the process of energetic coupling whereas this does not seem to be so for uracil. | 152,649 | [
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Purification of immunosuppressive factors extracted from bovine spleen (lymphoid chalone). II. Biological activity. | A highly purified extract from bovine spleen (FA) possessing immunosuppressive capacity was studied. Its tissue specificity was analysed in vivo and in vitro and the main components of FA, the well-known nucleosides deoxycytidine, deoxyinosine and thymidine, were tested in vivo. It seems that the molecule responsible for the biological activity of FA is a new substance endowed with strong specific activity and that lymphoid tissue is highly sensitive to the inhibiting capacity of this purified fraction. | 152,670 | [
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Endocrine effects of spironolactone in man. | A double blind, controlled study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of administering spironolactone, 200 mg daily, to five healthy male volunteers. The patterns of change in plasma testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) after spironolactone were significantly different from placebo and there were significant increases in the urinary excretion of androsterone (A), aetiocholanolone (EC) and total oestrogen. Urinary dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) excretion, after an initial rise, declined progressively during the treatment period relative to controls. The results are discussed in the light of previous observations. It is concluded that treatment with spironolactone for 2--4 days will lead to a transient rise in plasma T and urinary DHA. Continued treatment (4--10 days) is thought to cause increased LH secretion, with normalization of plasma T and DHA excretion. These changes are accompanied by increased androgen catabolism and a slightly increased conversion of androgens to oestrogens. Healthy men may therefore show alterations in sex steroid metabolism if treated for several days with high doses of spironolactone. | 152,681 | [
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Severe mental retardation in Swedish children born 1959-1970: epidemiological panorama and causative factors. | The findings from two recent Swedish retrospective studies on severely mentally retarded children born 1959-70 are surveyed. One study concerned an average county--Uppsala--in the middle of Sweden, the other a vast northern county, Västerbotten, with a sparse population. Figures for incidence and prevalence are given, as well as the percentage distribution of aetiological/pathogenic groups and subgroups, and the frequency of multihandicaps. Prenatal causes were apparent in about 70% of affected children, Down syndrome being the main condition (32%). A background of mutant genes in severe mental retardation was found significantly more often in Västerbotten than in Uppsala (17% and 7% respectively). Perinatal causes were revealed in 10 and 8% (9% of the two series pooled together) and postnatal causes in only 3 and 1% (2%). Associated CNS handicaps were present in about half of the children (42% in Uppsala and 52% in Västerbotten), with epilepsy in 30 and 36%, cerebral palsy in 18% and 19%, and a combination of epilepsy and cerebral palsy in 8 and 16%, respectively. | 152,701 | [
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Cerebral changes in the course of intoxication with mercury phenylacetate. | A histoenzymic study of cerebral phosphatases and esterases was performed on rats subjected to experimental intoxication with mercury phenylacetate. Following intragastric application of mercury phenylacetate to experimental animals, decreased activities of cerebral ATPase, acP and AChE were observed. The intoxicated animals displayed enhanced cerebral TPPase and partially also NsChE activities. Apart from changes in the histoenzymic pattern of the experimental brains, the ingestion of mercury phenylacetate brought about evident morphological changes in form of neuronal vacuolisation and spongious degeneration of the white matter. The extent of morphological as well as histoenzymic alterations was dependent on the duration of the experimental poisoning. | 152,713 | [
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[In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with allogeneic lymphocytes (mixed lymphocyte culture, MLC) or phytomitogens in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (author's transl)]. | To investigate the role of peripheral blood lymphocytes in thyroid auto-immunity, the in vitro responsiveness to allogeneic lymphocytes (MLC) or phytomitogens was examined in the lymphocytes from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The MLC responses of 16 patients were compared with those of age- and sex-matched normal controls. All possible combinations between lymphocytes from the patients and controls were mixed in both one-way and two-way MLC. From the results of one-way MLC, the stimulatory capacity and responding capacity of lymphocytes from the patients and controls were calculated respectively as follows: : formula: (see text) To the same allogeneic stimulation of Nm (mitomycin-treated stimulating lymphocytes from controls), lymphocytes from the patients (H) exhibited a lower response (P greater than 0.05) than did those from the controls (compare (1) with (3)). Phytomitogen-response was simultaneously studied for residual cells of MLC. Lymphocytes from the patients showed a significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) response to phytohemagglutinin-p and concanavalin A in comparison with the response of normal lymphocytes. From these results, it was suggested that cell-mediated immunity in vivo was impaired in Hishimoto's thyroiditis. | 152,720 | [
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Isolation and characterization of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-defective mutants of Neurospora crassa. | Three glycerol-nonutilizing mutants deficient in the mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.5) were isolated from inl(ts) derivatives of Neurospora crassa following inositolless death at elevated temperatures on minimal glycerol medium. These mutants failed to grow on glycerol as a sole carbon source, but could grow on acetate, glucose, or mannitol media and were female fertile in genetic crosses, thereby distinguishing them from the previously reported polyol-protoperithecial defective Neurospora mutants. In addition, these glp mutants exhibited a distinct morphological alteration during vegetative growth on sucrose slants and colonial growth on sorbose-containing semicomplete medium. The glp-2 locus was assigned a location between arg-5 and nuc-2 on chromosome IIR on the basis of two-factor crosses and by duplication coverage by insertional translocation ALS176, but not NM177. All mutations were allelic as judged from the absence of both complementation in forced heterokaryons and genetic recombination among glp-2 mutations. The reversion frequency of all three mutations was less than 10(10), indicating probable deletions in these strains. No G3P dehydrogenase activity could be detected in either cytosolic or mitochondrial extracts from mutant strains grown on glycerol, glucose, or galactose media. These results suggest that the glp-2 locus may be the structural gene for both the cytosolic and mitochondrial forms of G3P dehydrogenase or for a cytosolic precursor of the mitochondrial G3P dehydrogenase. The defect is specific for the G3P dehydrogenase since normal activities of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase and the cytosolic glycerol dehydrogenase and dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase are detected in mutant extracts. During attempted growth of glp-2 mutants on glycerol media, there was an accumulation of G3P in culture filtrates, a reduction in the mycelial growth rate, and a decreased level of glycerokinase induction. | 152,757 | [
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Chromosome movement in lysed mitotic cells is inhibited by vanadate. | Mitotic PtK1 cells, lysed at anaphase into a carbowax 20 M Brij 58 solution, continue to move chromosomes toward the spindle poles and to move the spindle poles apart at 50% in vivo rates for 10 min. Chromosome movements can be blocked by adding metabolic inhibitors to the lysis medium and inhibition of movement can be reversed by adding ATP to the medium. Vanadate at micromolar levels reversibly inhibits dynein ATPase activity and movement of demembranated flagella and cilia. It does not affect glycerinated myofibril contraction or myosin ATPase activty at less than millimolar concentrations. Vanadate at 10--100 micron reversibly inhibits anaphase movement of chromosomes and spindle elongation. After lysis in vanadate, spindles lose their fusiform appearance and become more barrel shaped. In vitro microtubule polymerization is insensitive to vanadate. | 152,767 | [
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[Congenital leukomas with anomalies of the lens migration (author's transl)]. | Report of three cases of congenital leukomas with anomalies of the lens migration: first case is an early malformation with "Wedl" cells in the corneal stroma; second case is a Peters' anomaly with ectopic and atrophic lens; third case, with a six years follow up after birthday, shows corneal opacification and regression of the lens. Ultrastructural study of these two last cases. | 152,777 | [
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Macrophage-T cell interactions in the Con A induction of human suppressive T cells. | Macrophage-T interactions are required for the Con A-induced generation of human Ts capable of inhibiting PHA-induced blastogenesis among autologous PBMC. Con A treatment of adherent cell-depleted PBMC, or PBMC recovered after a 7-day incubation in FCS, failed to generate Ts. Addition of adherent cells to either of these populations restored Con A inducible Ts. Discontinuous density gradient fractionation of adherent cells demonstrated that the required accessory cell was a low density macrophage bearing the human equivalent of murine Ia. | 152,792 | [
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Genetic identification of a locus linked to the rat MHC that codes for a membrane antigen detectable with cytotoxic lymphocytes. | Cell-mediated cytolytic (CMC) responses resulted from immunizations between rat strains purported to be identical at Ag-B, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), but differing at other loci not linked to Ag-B. In vivo-priming followed by secondary in vitro stimulation was required to generate a measurable CMC response as determined by a 51Cr-release assay. Neither in vivo nor in vitro stimulation alone was adequate. The CMC responses generated in a strain combination considered Ag-B identical (LEW . B3:BN) were specific for a determinant controlled by a gene linked to Ag-B, which has been designated Ag-L. The CMC response appears not to be restricted to sygeneity at Ag-B. In addition, the data presented demonstrate a recombinant between Ag-B and Ag-L, and suggest that the gene has failed to transfer with the MHC during the isolation of the LEW . B3 and F-344 . B3 congenic strains. | 152,793 | [
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Peripheral human T cells sensitized in mixed leukocyte culture synthesize and express Ia-like antigens. | We have studied the modulation of Ia-like antigens on the surface membrane of human T cells responding in a one-way mixed leukocyte culture. A heterologous antiserum, (anti-p23,30), which is specific to HLA-D-related antigens and which is unreactive with normal peripheral T cells or thymocytes, was found to bind significantly to all T cells transformed in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) as determined by indirect immunofluorescence on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter 1. Furthermore, cytotoxic T cells responsible for cell-mediated lympholysis were shown to react with anti-p23,30, whereas their unactivated progenitors did not. Immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of a radioactive 29,000 and 34,000 dalton complex from MLC-primed T cells labeled with [35S]methionine indicated that allosensitized T cells synthesized these HLA-D-related antigens. | 152,800 | [
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Cross-reactive cytotoxic responses. H-2 restricted are more specific than anti-H-2 responses. | Cross-reactive T-cell cytotoxicity is seen when cytotoxic responses are generated in mixed lymphocyte cultures either between mouse strans which differ at the major histocompatibility complex, H-2, or between H-2b mutant strains and the strain from which they were derived. This cross-reactivity can be measured with [51Cr] labeled target cells from a number of different H-2 haplotypes, and the pattern of cross-reaction indicates that the target antigens are unlikely to be any of the serologically defined public specificities. In contrast, the specificity of H-2 restricted cytotoxic responses, such as that to the male-specific antigen, H-Y, is exquisite, and male cells from strains of mice carrying H-2 haplotypes other than the responder have never been found to act as appropriate targets. The contrast between the specificity of anti-H-2 and H-2 restricted responses may argue for a greater idiotypic homogeneity of the cells makiing H-2 restricted responses, and the greater specificity of these responses may be necessary for their biological function. | 152,801 | [
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Histological analysis of cat muscle spindles following direct observation of the effects of stimulating dynamic and static motor axons. | 1. Eleven cat tenuissimus spindles have been analysed mainly by cutting serial, transverse, 1 micrometer thick sections following direct observation of the effects of dynamic motor (gamma or beta) stimulation. 2. Histological results from these spindles were also used to interpret the effects of static fusimotor stimulation of other spindles. 3. Dynamic motor stimulation usually produced contractions seen as convergent movements of sarcomeres in single bag fibres, identified as bag1 fibres for reasons given in the text. 4. In one spindle a single dynamic axon produced a translational movement in one pole of a bag1 fibre and a convergent movement in each pole of a bag2 fibre, together with movements in other unidentified (presumably chain) fibres. Subsequent analysis showed that besides innervating both bag fibres the axon also supplied two chain fibres. 5. Contrary to expectation, motor endings on the bag1 fibres seldom occurred at the sites of convergent movement. Only two cases of coincidence occurred among sixteen foci and twenty-one motor endings; otherwise focus and nearest ending were separated by distances of 0.85--2.5 mm. 6. Most of the convergent movements of sarcomeres observed in bag1 fibres occurred in a region of the pole that is ultrastructurally distinct from the region where most of the motor endings were located. The possible relevance of this to the production of contractions in the bag1 fibre is discussed. 7. Convergent movement foci in bag2 fibres produced by the stimulation of static axons occurred largely within the same regions of the pole as the motor endings were located, though, whereas foci were observed in both intra- and extracapsular regions, most of the endings were intracapsular. | 152,810 | [
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The occurrence in mice of facial and mandibular abscesses associated with Staphylococcus aureus. | Swellings affecting the face and jaws of a strain of outbred BSVS mice are described. The swellings consisted of multiple abscesses which were most commonly associated with the mandible. Staphylococcus aureus of a single phage type was isolated from the abscesses. It is suggested that the organisms gained entry through the oral mucosa. | 152,826 | [
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The ratio of de novo unbalanced translocation to 47, trisomy 21 Down syndrome. A new method for human mutation surveillance and an apparent recent change in mutation rate resulting in human interchange trisomies in one jurisdiction. | The Down syndrome phenotype may be associated with, among other genotypes, an unbalanced Robertsonian translocation producing an "interchange trisomy" with 46 chromosomes, or 47, trisomy 21. Translocations, like specificlocus point mutations, result from a direct change in structural chromosome elements. In contrast 47, trisomy 21 results from meiotic non-disjunction. Mutation rates for interchange trisomies may be followed indirectly by determining the ratio of instances of Down syndrome associated with a new translocation mutation to those produced by 47, trisomy 21, which accounts for the bulk of the Down syndrome phenotype. This genotypic ratio can be analyzed in data from cytogenetic laboratories, clinics, and chromosome registries and does not depend upon intensive chromosome screening of newborn populations. A similar approach can be adopted to follow trends in Patau syndrome. The genotypic ratio, stratified by maternal age, may in addition, provide a sentinel index for changes in human specific-locus mutations and perhaps other adverse health consequences. Analysis of data from the New York State-North-eastern chromosome registry revealed a two- to three-fold increase in the genotypic ratio for both Down syndrome and Patau syndrome for individuals born in 1973, 1974 and 1975 compared to those born in earlier years. | 152,869 | [
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Unruptured interstitial pregnancy. Diagnosis and treatment. | Symptoms and signs of interstitial pregnancy cannot be differentiated from symptoms and signs of other ectopic pregnancies. Unruptured interstitial gestations are usually diagnosed incidental to the work-up of a suspected ectopic gestation. Unlike some teaching, a characteristic pelvic mass was palpable in 3 of 4 cases. Incomplete induced abortion helped in diagnosing 2 cases. Ultrasound and laparoscopy will aid in establishing the correct diagnosis. | 152,878 | [
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Thallium-201: quantitation of right ventricular hypertrophy in chronically hypoxic rats. | Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups. Ten were kept in room air and 10 in hypobaric hypoxia (air at 380 mm Hg). After two weeks all were injected intravenously with 50 muCi of 201Tl and sacrificed. The right and left ventricles were separated, weighed, and measured for radioactivity in a gamma well counter. Left and right ventricular mass ratios (MR) correlated with 201Tl radioactivity ratios (TAR) in both control and hypoxic rats: r = 0.962 where MR = 0.863 TAR + 0.27. Myocardial 201Tl uptake reflects and quantitates normal and abnormal ventricular mass, the abnormal mass in this model consisting of right ventricular hypertrophy associated with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. | 152,938 | [
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[The treatment of diaphyso-epiphyseal tumours by local resection with the preservation of joint movement. A report of four cases (author's transl)]. | Four cases of epiphyseal tumours were treated by the authors by local resection. In two cases, there was a giant-cell tumour of the lower end of the femur, in one case a giant-cell tumour of the lower end of the radius and in one case a juxta-cortical sarcoma of the lower end of the radius. In the two cases involving the knees, resection preserved the articular surface and the subchondral bone. Reconstruction was achieved by a cortical autograft. In all cases, painless joint movement was preserved with satisfactory muscle power. | 152,947 | [
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[Upper brachial plexus palsy. Seven cases treated by muscle transplantation (author's transl)]. | Seven cases of upper brachial plexus palsy, have been treated by associated transplantation of pectoralis major for flexion, and of teres major and latissimus dorsi for external rotation. Operation was performed eighteen months at least after injury, during which period rehabilitation was necessary to prevent atrophy of the pectoralis major and contracture in internal rotation. The strength of flexion was improved by alterations of the original Clark's operation. The whole muscle was transplanted: its humeral tendon was fixed to the coracoid process; its thoracic extremity lengthened by an aponevrotic flap from rectus anterior was pulled through a posterior anti-brachial incision, holding the arm in anteposition and the forearm in supination. A strong tension was obtained in this way. Transplantation of teres major and latissimus dorsi tendons behind the humerus was done in the same stage. Results are in favor of these improvements: all seven patients, including two hard-workers, obtained a strong and large flexion. The useful part of external rotation was restored. All went back to their former occupations. | 152,948 | [
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A critique of some of the current concepts on the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. | The interaction of polycations produced during tissue damage and C-reactive protein, and the enzymatic degradation of complement components may be positive mechanisms augmenting immune-complex/complement damage, while reduced phagocytosis and reduced chemotaxis may be negative mechanisms. In cell-mediated immunity, systems consisting of C-reactive protein, proteases, prostaglandins and immune complexes are all potentially capable of negative feedback control. | 152,967 | [
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Work and disability at the age of 30 years. A sociomedical study of a birth-cohort from Bergen. III. Disability as related to medical, psychological and educational background. | This article deals with occupational disability at the age of 30 years, seen the light of medical, psychological and educational background. The study is based on a cohort of 1570 persons, all live births in 1940 of mothers then residing in Bergen. This birth-cohort was followed-up in the compulsory school system at age 14 years, and again at age 30 years, concluding at 1st June 1971. Only those of the cohort residing in Norway on 1st June 1971, a total of 1331 persons, are included in the present analysis. The diagnoses discussed are based on data obtained from disability pension case records, from the National Insurance Institution files and from the Public Welfare office files. Results of medical and psychological examinations made on a stratified random sample of the cohort are also used. Thirty-seven persons (2.8%) of the total of 1331 were found to be disabled according to the criteria set for this study. The prevailing primary diagnosis was mental disorder, as 25 of the disabled had this diagnosis, oligophrenia being dominant. The former pupils in the different types of compulsory school attended at age 14 years show a frequency of disability at age 30 years as follows: junior high school 0.8%, continuation school 1.3%, elementary school classes for slow learners 10.7%, special schools for the educable mentally retarded 32.7%, and receiving services for the mentally retarded, 97.0%. | 152,972 | [
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[Electrophoretic studies of acid mucopolysaccharides in skin, prekeratin of hair follicles and in keratoses of wool]. | Mucopolysaccharide complex isolated from skin, prekeratin of hair follicles and keratoses of wool by paper electrophoresis was separated into chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid. The content of chondroitin sulphate in all the objects under investigation except for gamma-keratosis is higher than that of hyaluronic acid. The highest level of chondroitin-sulphuric acid is observed in the matrix of prekeratin of hair follicles and cuticule of wood fibre, i. e. beta-keratosis. | 153,026 | [
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Pressure-flow relationships and pathological changes during renal preservation. | The renal pedicle of one kidney from each of four dogs was ligated for one hour. The contralateral kidney served as a control. Both kidneys were removed and perfused using the "Belzer" technique. Pressure-flow relationships were determined and biopsy samples taken. The vasculature was then injected with silicone rubber. Perfusion resistance, vascular filling with silicone rubber and observations made by electron microscopy were compared. | 153,043 | [
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[Determination of the sensitivity of mycobacteria to pyrazinamide and nicotinamide (author's transl)]. | Since pyrazinamide (PZA) has had a come-back in therapy of tuberculosis a simple and reliable method for sensitivity tests has been necessary. A comparison of resistance tests to PZA in acid Löwenstein-Jensen-medium and in fluid medium with those to nicotinamide (NSA) showed a clear superiority of the NSA method, recommended by BRANDER. Also in routine sensitivity tests the use of NSA instead of PZA has stood the test. Another advantage of the method is the possibility to integrate it in the simplified proportion method without any additional work. | 153,062 | [
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[Several principles for epidemiologic evaluation of individual regions of the Trans-Caucasian plains-piedmont natural focus of plague]. | The authors analyse many-year data concerning the epizootological study of seven landscape-geographical regions of the Eastern Transcaucasus differing by natural conditions and the enzootic intensity. Quantitative assessment of natural nidality determined by the level (norm) of many-year indices calculated for the years of 1955--1974 are presented for each region. Flea vectors were more numerous in localities of stable enzootic manifestation; also the numbers of Meriones erythrourus (carrier rodent) was more stable than in the regions of temporary occurrence of the causative agent and those free of plague. Many-year level of the flea (X. conformis) abundance index equal to one served as the threshold value determining the territory enzooticity. | 153,077 | [
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Studies of liver phosphorylase in hepatic injuries. I. Alteration in enzyme activity. | Phosphorylase activities (total and a form) were determined in the livers of experimental hepatic injuries with carbon tetrachloride or galactosamine and the livers of patients with liver diseases. Experimental liver injuries caused a slight decrease in total activity in later stages and a marked increase in a form activity in earlier stages. In human livers, low values of total activity were found in acute hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver with no consistent alteration in a activity. Phosphorylase activities in hepatocellular carcinomas were also low. The importance of the altered phosphorylase activities in hepatic injuries is discussed in relation to the disorder in glycogen metabolism in the injured liver. | 153,088 | [
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An interdisciplinary course for optometry students specializing in vision training. | The practice of primary-care optometry often necessitates interaction with professionals from varied backgrounds. This is especially true in the area of vision training, in which close coordination between professionals in schools, agencies, and clinics is necessary. Too often a communcation problem prevents beneficial interdisciplinary liaison. One way of ensuring that optometrists acquire communication and interaction skills is to provide seminars and courses in schools and colleges of optometry. The program described in this paper has helped optometry students refine their communication and referral skills. | 153,104 | [
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[Lead and cadmium toxicity in established mammalian cell lines]. | Lead and cadmium toxicity was evaluated in three mammalian cell lines (tumour : HeLa, transformed : XC and normal : NRK) by means of the modifications of the 3H-TdR incorporation rate in the nucleus of the treated cells. The three cell lines showed different degrees of sensitivity. Sensitivity depended on the line, metal, its concentration and duration of incubation. Cadmium was found to be at least five times more toxic than lead except at low concentration. The normal cell line was more sensitive to cadmium and less sensitive to lead than other lines. | 153,166 | [
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[Repartition of the kidney cortex glomerulus in rats]. | This paper presents the repartition of 989 glomeruli in 8 parallel concentric renal cortex zones, by projecting on a calibrated screen rat kidney slices photographies. The glomerular density increases regularly from the outside to the middle cortical zones and then decreases to the deepest juxtamedullary zones. | 153,171 | [
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[Localization of N-acetyltransferases in sinusoidal liver cells. Effect of zymosan on the acetylation of sulfamethazine and isoniazid in the rat and in isolated perfused liver]. | N-acetyltransferase (NAT) have been demonstrated to be localized in sinusoïdal cells and not in hepatocytes. Acetylation activities increased after pretreatment with Zymosan (40 mg/kg, i.v., 24 h before phenotyping) as well in vivo and in isolated perfused liver and in cytosolic fractions prepared from several rats organs. These data favor the localization of NAT-activity in reticulo-endothelial system. Increased protein levels in liver, gut, spleen and lungs cytosolic fractions (100 000 g, 120 mn) 48 h after Zymosan administration, suggest and inducing effect of this drug on NAT activity. | 153,185 | [
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Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system: mutations in the pho2 locus of the mitochondrial genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | Two mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which show a loss of mitochondrial rutamycin-sensitive ATPase activity are described. Although phenotypically similar to mutants of the mitochondrial locus pho1 [F. Foury and A. Tzagoloff (1976) Eur. J. Biochem. 68, 113-119], these mutants define a second ATPase locus on the mitochondrial DNA (designated pho2), which is genetically unlinked to pho1. Analysis of recombination in crosses involving multiple antibiotic resistance markers indicates that the locus is in the segment of the genome between ery1 and oli2, very close to oli1. In fact it is proposed that the oli1 and pho2 mutations are in the same gene. Supporting evidence for this proposal includes: 1. The analysis of marker retention in petite mutants shows that the oli1 and pho2 loci were either retained or lost together in all cases. 2. Recombination frequencies of 0.05% or less are observed in crosses between the oli1 and pho2 loci. 3. When rho+ revertants are isolated from the pho2 mutants they frequently are oligomycin resistant. 4. pho2 mutants have an altered subunit 9 of the ATPase complex. | 153,229 | [
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Studies of cultured human fibroblasts in diabetes mellitus: changes in heparan sulfate. | The incorporation of [35S]sulfate into glycosaminoglycans was studied in cultures of normal and diabetic skin fibroblasts. Heparan sulfate was determined by column chromatography after enzymatic degradation of chondroitin sulfates and dermatan sulfate by chondroitinase ABE. Cultured skin fibroblasts from both insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetics were found to have increased proportions of heparan sulfate in the media relative to the other sulfated glycosaminoglycans. | 153,251 | [
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[Osteoarthritis in the neonate. Radiologic diagnosis and follow-up observations (author's transl)]. | A fatally ending index case of septic osteoarthritis that was diagnosed retrospectively initiated this report. This patient had severe, asymmetrically distributed metaphyseal growth disturbances at many long bones. In order to determine the features of early radiologic diagnosis we report the findings of 7 further patients with neonatal septic osteoarthritis with clinical and radiological follow-up. The most important observation for early radiologic diagnosis of osteoarthritis is the displacement of fat layers along the metaphysis. Other findings of the soft tissues have the same diagnostic value as bone destruction and subperiosteal new bone formation found one to three weeks later on roentgenfilms. Detecting early signs of osteoarthritis helps in localizing the focus for bacteriologic diagnosis, which is said to be more successful than blood cultures. Diagnosing a joint empyema initiates surgical intervention for pressure relief in order to avoid necrosis of the epiphysis as seen in the femoral head in septic arthritis of the hip joint. Early diagnosis and treatment prior to destruction of the growing cartilage is necessary to avoid growth disturbances and length discrepancies of long bones. In cases of sepsis a so called "babygram" and a repeat examination 10 to 14 days later is mandatory. | 153,314 | [
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Complement activation in acne vulgaris: in vitro studies with Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum. | To better define the role of bacteria in inflammatory acne vulgaris, we have investigated the ability of four strains of Propionibacterium acnes and three strains of Propionibacterium granulosum to activate complement. Complement activation was assayed by incubating normal human serum with varying concentrations of each strain and measuring residual total hemolytic complement activity. When serum was tested unaltered, P. acnes strains were approximately threefold more potent than an equal weight of P. granulosum in consuming complement, which could reflect classical and/or alternative pathway activation. All strains also consumed complement in serum chelated with ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid, which selectively assays alternative pathway activation. Incubation of unaltered serum with both P. acnes and P. granulosum resulted in immunoelectrophoretic conversion of C4, C3, and factor B of the alternative pathway. Incubation of chelated serum resulted in conversion of C3 and factor B. These data taken together suggest that both species can activate complement through either pathway. Serum incubated with P. acnes was chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and this chemotactic activity was largely C5 dependent as shown by antibody inhibition. It is suggested that complement activation may occur in vivo in acne, and the inflammatory response may be contributed to by the generation of C5-dependent chemotactic factors. | 153,333 | [
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Reflex conditioning in a spinal man. | A man with a completely transected spinal cord and a spastic neurogenic bladder was conditioned to void upon the presentation of an external stimulus. A classical conditioning paradigm was employed in which strong abdominal shock (unconditioned stimulus) was paired with an initially neutral mild electrical stimulation of the thigh (conditioned stimulus; CS). After the pairing trials, a reliable conditioned response of urination was elicited by the CS alone. The conditioned response did not extinguish over time, and the procedure left the bladder with clinically safe residual amounts of urine. Practical implications of the conditioning technique for the treatment of spastic neurogenic bladder conditions in spinally injured patients are discussed, as is the theoretical significance of conditioning at the reflex level in the absence of cortical involvement. | 153,348 | [
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Myotonia in centronuclear myopathy. | Centronuclear myopathy, which is unusual because of clinical myotonia, is described in two sisters. The diagnosis was established in adult life, but the first symptoms were noticed in infancy. The outstanding points of the clinical picture were mild amyotrophy, paresis, and clinical myotonia. | 153,383 | [
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Medicine and disability--a broader view. | This paper seeks to emphasise the social approach in the treatment of disability. It is important that disabled people should lead as near a normal life as possible with some financial security. Financial assistance for disabled people is left up to individual local authorities. The author points out the disadvantages of this system and draws attention to a voluntary organisation which fills a gap in existing services. | 153,404 | [
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Prolonged remissions of cystic and conglobate acne with 13-cis-retinoic acid. | Fourteen patients with treatment-resistant cystic and conglobate acne were treated for four months with oral 13-cis-retinoic acid, a synthetic isomer of naturally occurring all-trans-retinoic acid. The average dose was 2.0 mg per kilogram per day. Thirteen patients experienced complete clearing of their disease; the other had 75 per cent improvement, as determined by the number of acne nodules and cysts present before and after therapy. Prolonged remissions, currently lasting as long as 20 months after discontinuation of therapy, have been observed in all 14 patients. Clinical toxicity was limited to the skin and mucous membranes in most patients and was dose dependent and rapidly reversible upon discontinuation of therapy. The mechanism of action of 13-cis-retinoic acid in the therapy of acne probably involves a direct inhibitory effect of the drug on the sebaceous gland. | 153,472 | [
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Accumulation of a tetrahydroisoquinoline in phenylketonuria. | 3',4'-Deoxynorlaudanosolinecarboxylic acid (DNLCA), a tetrahydroisoquinoline derived from dopamine and phenylpyruvic acid, has been detected by computerized mass fragmentography in urine of phenylketonuric children and in urine and brain of rats with experimentally induced hyperphenylalaninemia. Levels of DNLCA in brain of treated animals were more than tenfold higher than controls, and the excess tetrahydroisoquinoline appeared to accumulate in the cerebellum and cortex. DNLCA is a noncompetitive inhibitor of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (inhibition constant, Ki, = 0.42 mM) and is taken up by the brain. | 153,583 | [
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Peritoneoscopy in the management of breast cancer. | Peritoneoscopy has been recommended by the Combined Breast Clinic at the Provincial Hospital, Port Elizabeth, since 1975, mainly to confirm or exclude metastatic involvement of the liver. Experience with 27 procedures is reviewed. Peritoneoscopy is shown to be a useful aid in the staging and management of selected cases of breast cancer. Positive findings, confirmed by histological examination, were recorded for 5 patients. Negative findings in 22 patients were equally helpful, and were found to be reliable, in that none of these patients had evidence of liver involvement during the follow-up period, while in 5 patients there was evidence of metastases elsewhere. | 153,589 | [
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Cerebral neuroblastoma. | A cerebral neuroblastoma removed surgically from a female child is presented. Electron microscopy showed numerous neuronal processes with growth cones which are a feature of the developing neurone. In addition there were some rosettes with distinct lumina. The luminal surfaces were covered with a smooth plasma membrane lacking any surface differentiation and the lateral surface of these cells had many cell junctions (terminal bars), reminiscent of a primitive neural tube. These features in a nerve cell tumor help to substantiate it as a neuroblastoma arising from immature rather than differentiated cells. The nature of this rare tumor is discussed. | 153,641 | [
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[Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in Phycomyces blakesleeanus Bgff. (author's transl)]. | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) from Phycomyces blakesleeanus was partially purified by protamine sulfate precipitation, ammoniumsulfate precipitation, and diethylamino ethyl cellulose (DEAE) treatment. This preparation was employed for the characterization of the enzyme. The Km values for phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and ADP were determined as 1.6 and 0.42 mM. The nucleotid specificity was demonstrated for ADP exclusively. The use of sulfuryl reagents showed the presence of thiol groups sensitive against p-hydroxymercuribenzoate but not effected by N-ethylmaleimide. | 153,664 | [
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[Animal experiment studies on the effect of intra-articular injections of antiphlogistic-antirheumatic agents on articular cartilage in vivo]. | Animal experiments have shown that weekly intraarticular injections of various antiphlogistic/antirheumatic drugs into the knee joint induce progressive degenerative alterations in joint cartilage. The observed degenerations and destructions are most similar to the pathophysiology of osteoarthrosis in humans. By X-ray and macroscopic techniques the degenerative processes can be studied qualitatively and quantitatively. A decrease of joint space is a sensitive and early indicator of osteoarthrosis and showed that 10 weeks after intraarticular application of Ibuprofen, Phenylbutazone, Oxyphenbutazone, Flufenamic acid, Niflumic acid, Na-salicylate, Clofezone, Bumadizone and Dexamethasone the degenerative alterations in the injected knee joints were more severe than by applications of Chloroquine,D-penicillamine, Salicylamide and Indometacin. The degenerative effect on articular cartilage by the investigated drugs can be explained by their inhibitory potency on anabolic metabolism of connective tissue. The results of our animal experiments lead to the conclusion, that antiinflammatory drugs may also in man induce or accelerate degenerative joint diseases especially after long term treatment with high doses of these drugs. | 153,678 | [
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Relationships between association state and enzymic activity of human erythrocyte phosphofructokinase. | Human erythrocyte phosphofructokinase has been subjected to active band centrifugation and stability measurements over a broad range of conditions. The enzyme behaves differently in-Tris buffer containing ATP and phosphate buffer containing fructose 6-phosphate. In the first buffer, dissociation is favoured and after prolonged storage of the enzyme tetramers represent the highest state of association. At 4 degrees C the enzyme exhibits the phenomenon of reversible cold-inactivation. This property is attributed to slow dissociation of the active associated states of the enzyme to dimers. The cold-inactivated enzyme can be reactivated by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Inorganic phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate have been found to protect the enzyme from cold-inactivation. Under these conditions, the sedimentation coefficient and the specific activity depend on the enzyme concentration only. The specific activity does not change on storage of the diluted enzyme at 4 degrees C. At 20 degrees C, however, a slow activation proceeds during incubation of the diluted enzyme. The correlations between the association state and the enzymic activity are discussed. | 153,694 | [
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Electron microscopic localization of Mg2+ -dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity in the amphibian pancreas (Salamandra salamandra L. and Rana esculenta L.). | The ultrastructural distribution of Mg2+ -dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity has been investigated in the salamander and frog pancreas by using glutaraldehyde fixations and a modified Wachstein-Meisel reaction medium. In both species the reaction product (lead phosphate) was found associated with the plasma membrane external side of all islet cell types (B-, A- and D-cells) and of acinar and ductular/centro-acinar cells. Except the apical pole of salamander acinar and centro-acinar cells, usually devoid of reaction, no preferential distribution of enzyme activity depending on endocrine or exocrine cell aspects could be observed. Other specific enzyme localizations included the mitochondria matrices, nucleoles, condensed nuclear chromatin, periaxolemmal spaces in nerve bundles and sometimes the cleft of neuro-glandular junctions. The occurrence of reaction deposits in connective tissue, in the cytoplasm of both islet and exocrine cells and in the nerve fiber axoplasm was considered as a possible diffusion artifact. The reaction intensity, but not its distribution, varied sensibly with the incubation period. 2-iodoacetamide and p-chlormercuribenzoic acid decreased the amount of reaction deposits at the level of all reactive sites and especially in mitochondria. The specificity of Mg2+ -ATPase demonstration in this paper is analysed taking into account several inherent shortcomings of the Wachstein-Meisel incubation medium and of the fixative. The different enzyme localizations, as well as their functional significances are discussed in relation with the findings of other authors. | 153,700 | [
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Relationship of atrial fibrillatory wave amplitude to left atrial size and etiology of heart disease. An old generalization re-examined. | It is commonly stated that coarse f waves in atrial fibrillation suggest the presence of rheumatic heart disease and large left atrial size, whereas fine f waves indicate non-rheumatic disease and small left atrial size. Using echocardiography as a more reliable indicator of left atrial size, 37 consecutive patients with chronic atrial fibrillation were evaluated. The correlation coefficients between left atrial size and maximum f wave amplitude was -0.12 and -0.07, using average f wave amplitude. Only 53 per cent (9 of 17) of patients with rheumatic heart disease had f wave greater than 1 mm. and 56 per cent (10 of 18) of patients with f wave size less than or equal to 1 mm. had non-rheumatic disease. This study refutes the contention that the f wave amplitude in atrial fibrillation is correlated with either left atrial size or etiology of heart disease. It is possible that an intra-atrial conduction defect is responsible for coarse f wave morphology. | 153,707 | [
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Iodochlorhydroxyquin-hydrocortisone treatment of fungal infections. Double-blind trial. | A double-blind multicenter study compared the antifungal effectiveness of an iodochlorhydroxyquin-hydrocoritsone cream with that of its individual components in 354 patients with cutaneous fungal infections. After seven days of treatment, the combination was considerably better than hydrocortisone or the cream vehicle with respect to erythema, scaling, itching, and patients' and physicians' evaluations. The proportion of patients in the iodochlorhydroxyquin-hydrocortisone and iodochlorhydroxyquin groups who changed from positive results on potassium hydroxide examination at baseline to negative results on potassium hydroxide examination after treatment was significantly greater than that in the hydrocortisone and placebo groups. The conversion rate associated with the iodochlorhydroxyquin-hydrocortisone and the iodochlorhydroxyquin treatments was significantly different from that associated with hydrocortisone alone or placebo treatment. | 153,729 | [
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Ionic charge on phospholipids and their interaction with the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase. | The activity of the lipid-depleted, oligomycin-sensitive mitochondrial ATPase has been measured in the presence of liposomes prepared from mixtures of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol lysine. Enzyme activity increased linearly with an increase in the negative charge of liposomes prepared from the phosphatidylglycerol-phosphatidylglycerol lysine mixtures. The electrophoretic mobility and activating capacity of liposomes of several other phospholipids were determined. A linear relationship between electrophoretic mobility of the liposomes and oligomycin-sensitive activity was again apparent. These observations demonstrate that the activity of the ATPase is directly proportional to the ionic charge on phospholipid activators if the acyl chain composition of the phosphoglycerides is relatively constant. | 153,765 | [
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[Beckwith Wiedemann syndrom (author's transl)]. | In connection with four new observations and a revue of 82 cases published the mains features of Beckwith-Wiedeman syndrom are described insisting on the neonatal troubles of the glycoregulation upon the structural development of the childrens and on the pathologics associations. | 153,802 | [
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A new biochemical subtype of the Sanfilippo syndrome: characterization of the storage material in cultured fibroblasts of Sanfilippo C patients. | Fibroblasts cultured from the skin of three unrelated patients with the clinical symptoms of the Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis III) accumulated intracellularly excessive amounts of heparan sulfate and showed a lengthened turnover time for this mucopolysaccharide. They exhibited, however, neither a deficiency of heparan sulfate sulfamidase or alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase nor of any other known glycosaminoglycan-degrading hydrolase. This new mucopolysaccharidosis was therefore designated as type C of the Sanfilippo syndrome. The abnormal heparan sulfate metabolism of Sanfilippo C fibroblasts could not be normalized by addition of crude urinary proteins or concentrated secretions from normal fibroblasts to the culture medium or by cocultivation with normal fibroblasts. The accumulated heparan sulfate was characterized by a reduced negative net charge. A small proportion of it could be adsorbed onto a cation exchange resin. It was sensitive to nitrous acid degradation under conditions where glucosamine residues with free amino groups are attacked. It is therefore suggested that the primary defect in this new mucopolysaccharidosis concerns the step which follows the hydrolysis of N-sulfonate groups in heparan sulfate degradation. | 153,835 | [
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Selective excitation of mithramycin or DAPI fluorescence on double-stained cell nuclei and chromosomes. | Fluorescence spectra of leukocytes stained by both mithramycin and DAPI showed that the fluorescence of the two dyes can be separated efficiently by using different excitation wavelengths, for instance the 435 nm and the 365 nm mercury lines. In human chromosomes the complementary ("reverse") banding pattern produced by these dyes may thus be observed on double stained chromosome spreads. In plants, for instance in Anemone blanda, the two dyes may reveal two different banding patterns. The results of absorption and fluorescence measurements suggest the existence of at least two binding sites, or types, for each dye, with different fluorescent yields and binding strengths. | 153,894 | [
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Laparoscopy in zoological medicine. | The technique of laparoscopy was adapted and utilized in zoological medicine for various mammals, birds, and reptiles for reproductive and diagnostic studies as well as clinically related research. It was concluded that since anesthesia was routinely required for most manipulative procedures in zoo animals, and since laparoscopy adds little additional risk, the use of this technique provides an additional diagnostic aid when indicated. Laparoscopy was found to be effective for evaluating reproductive status, particularly ovarian anatomy and function, direct visual biopsy of internal organs, sex determination in selected birds, and as a surgical means of fertility control. | 153,896 | [
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Attitudinal differences of faculty and students regarding the care of special (handicapped) patients in a dental school clinic. | Faculty and students were surveyed as to their attitudes regarding the management of the special patient. This survey was completed after such a program was in existence for three years. Recommendations were made to better realize the overall goals of the program, especially that of encouraging the treatment of the special patients in the general practice of dentistry. | 153,921 | [
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Characterization of the plasma membrane ATPase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 1. The distribution of ATPase and several marker enzymes was examined after differential and sucrose gradient centrifugation of yeast homogenates. 2. An ATPase activity not sensitive to oligomycin is found exclusively associated with a particulate fraction equilibrating at densities of 1.23-1.25. This particulate material shows the chemical and enzymatic characteristics of the yeast plasma membrane. 3. The pH optimum of the plasma membrane ATPase is 5.6, as compared with 8.5 for the mitochondrial ATPase. In addition to oligomycin, the enzyme is not sensitive to other inhibitors of the mitochondrial ATPase as azide, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and the mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor protein. It is inhibited by p-chloromercuryphenyl sulfonate, fluoride, quercetin and by the antibiotic Dio-9 but is not affected by ouabain. 4. The plasma membrane ATPase shows a high affinity for ATP (Km = 0.1 mM) and is very specific for this compound, hydrolyzing other nucleotide triphosphates less than 25% as rapidly. No activity was detected with ADP. 5. The enzyme requires a divalent cation for activity and Mg2+ is the most effective. It is not significantly stimulated by K+ or bicarbonate and Ca2+ is inhibitory. 6. The activity cannot be assayed in intact cells unless they are permeabilized with toluene. This suggest that the active site is on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. | 154,059 | [
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The role of methylprednisolone in the modulation of cellular cytotoxicity and its relation to renal transplantation. | Inhibition of killer cell generation or suppression of their cytolytic capacity once formed represent fundamental mechanisms by which methylprednisolone may modulate cellular cytotoxicity in the transplant recipient. In vitro studies in mixed lymphocyte culture demonstrated that the presence of therapeutic concentrations of this agent (0.001-1 microgram/ml) during the sensitisation phase resulted in suppression of lymphocyte activation without cytolysis and marked or total inhibition of killer cell generation. A considerable individual variation in sensitivity to methylprednisolone-induced suppression was observed and killer cells once generated were resistant to this agent. | 154,100 | [
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Midabdomen abdominoplasty. | A simple technique is presented for removal of excessive supraumbilical and periumbilical skin. | 154,114 | [
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ATPase, an electron carrier and energy transducer: the missing link in oxidative phosphorylation? | A mechanism for oxidative phosphorylation is proposed. ATP synthesis would take place on a catalytic site of ATPase constituted by two irons with ligands ATP, ADP, and Pi. The interchange of ATP with ADP and Pi makes possible a redox cycle between two potentials permitting the energy transduction. | 154,160 | [
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Spinal fusion for chronic low back pain. | Results of spinal fusion for chronic low back pain in 46 patients are analyzed, and the authors set forth the clinical circumstances in which the procedure may relieve this common complaint. | 154,237 | [
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Growth and myelination of goldfish optic nerve fibers after retina regeneration and nerve crush. | Axonal regeneration in the optic nerve and tectum of the goldfish was studied both after retina regeneration and nerve crush. The retina regeneration was evoked by ouabain-induced damage of at least the ganglion cells and cells of the inner nuclear layer. The necrotic retinal neurons are substituted by mitotic processes in the outer nuclear layer and the marginal growth zone at the ora serrata. The axons of these newly developed retina ganglion cells grow through the degenerating, but mechanically undamaged, optic nerve into the tectum, establishing there synaptic contacts already 16 days after the intraocular ouabain-injection. The fibers were myelinated at first in the tectum, later on in the optic nerve. Thus, the myelination process proceeds in retrograde direction. About 60--80 days after injection the myelination has become nearly normalized. On the contra-lateral side of the same animal, the optic nerve was crushed near the eye-bulb. The axons of the original retina ganglion cells grow out into the degenerating optic nerve and tectum. They also find synaptic contacts and are myelinated in retrograde direction, but to a much lesser extent than the axons of the regenerated retina ganglion cells. An axonal factor is discussed, which would influence the oligodendroglial myelination activity. The effectiveness of this factor is probably dependent on the neuronal age and suggested to be triggered by the establishment of synaptic contacts. | 154,235 | [
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[Urological problems and genesis of the abdominal musculature aplasia syndrome]. | Judging according to the frequent description of the syndrome of aplasia of the abdominal muscle above all in paediatric literature (up to now more than 250 cases), the knowledge of the symptomocomplex (aplasia of the abdominal muscle, malformations of the kidneys and the urinary tracts, cryptorchism) might be of particular interest for the urologist, since the urologic malformations decisively determine the prognosis quoad vitam of these patients. On the basis of three own cases the importance of the removal of infravesical obstruction is emphasized, whereas the reconstructive intervention for dilatation of upper urinary tracts is seldom mandatory. | 154,249 | [
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[Periodontal disease in the workers of paints and lacquer industry (author's transl)]. | Examinations were performed by the author upon the influence of organic solvents and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on parodontium in the workers of paints and lacquer industry. 195 persons employed in industry were examined. 100 persons whose conditions of work had no influence on their parodontium served as controls.--It was found that both, the frequency of incidents and the degree of intesity of changes in periodontium were significantly higher than those in the control group not exposed to the noxius action of work conditions.--This was analysed depending on sex, age, total time of employment and development of calculus dentis and plaques. The frequency, the intensivity of PI and the kind of parodontopathy was examined depending on various toxic condition at different working places. All statistical examinations were carried out by the use of the computer EMC ODRA 1305. | 154,253 | [
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The proliferative activity of myocardial capillary wall cells in variously aged swimming-exercised rats. | Cellular proliferation was studied by incorporation of 3H-thymidine in the hearts of young, adult and old swimming-exercised rats. The proliferative activity was measured by scintillation counting. The swimming exercise induced a significant proliferation of capillary wall cells in the younger age groups, suggesting a neoformation of myocardial capillaries in these rats, whereas no cell proliferation was recorded in the old rats. | 154,282 | [
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The effects of thymoxamine on anterior chamber depth in human eyes. | The effects of 0.5% Thymoxamine on intraocular pressure and anterior chamber depth were studied in 20 non-glaucomatous eyes. Miosis occurred in all of the eyes but was not accompanied by a shallowing of the anterior chamber or reduction in the intraocular pressure. The significance of the findings is discussed. | 154,360 | [
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A comparative trial of two oral cholecystographic contrast media--iocetamic acid (Cholebrin) and iopanoic acid (Telepaque). | A comparative trial was made between two oral cholecystographic agents, iocetamic acid (Cholebrin) and iopanoic acid (Telepaque), Fifty patients were given Cholebrin and another 50 were given Telepaque by random allocation. The cholecystographic qualities of the two contrast media showed no significant difference. It was noted that contrast medium within the bowel at the time of the investigation tended to be homogeneous rather than granular with Cholebrin, and the significance of this is discussed. Gastrointestinal side-effects were common with both contrast media, but there was a significantly lower incidence of diarrhoea with Cholebrin than with Telepaque. Various biochemical parameters of hepatic and renal function were measrued in 40 random patients and showed no clinically significant alteration following ingestion of the contrast media. | 154,372 | [
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Molecular transformations in sarcoplasmic reticulum of fast-twitch muscle by electro-stimulation. | Chronic electro-stimulation of fast-twitch rabbit muscle with the frequency pattern received by a slow-twitch muscle induces a progressive transformation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. After 2 days stimulation activities of Ca2+-dependent ATPase and of Ca2+ transport begin to decrease, and are paralleled by a progressive decrease in Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent phosphoprotein formation, reduced rate of dephosphorylation and a rearrangement of the electrophoretic polypeptide and phosphoprotein patterns. These findings suggest a transformation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to resemble that of a slow-twitch muscle. This transformation is paralleled by increase in time-to-peak of twitch contraction and half relaxation time and occurs before conversion of the myosin light chain pattern is observed. The parallel time course of changes in contractile properties of stimulated muscle and the molecular and functional properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum emphasizes the definitive role of the latter in determining the twitch characteristics of fast and slow twitch muscles. | 154,404 | [
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[Effects of a new psychotropic agent, CS-430, on the central nervous system of experimental animals (author's transl)]. | In rats and rabbits with chronically implanted electrodes CS-430(10-bromo-2, 3, 7, 11b-tetrahydro--11b-(2-fluorophenyl)-oxazolo(3, 2d) [1, 4]benzodiazepine-6(5H)-one) (3 mg/kg, .o.) decreased the slightly awake period and increased the slow-wave sleep period. The onset time of sleep was significantly shortened. In the rat pre-treated with p-chlorophenylalaine (500 mg/kg, p.o.), the awake period was remarkable increased and the slow wave sleep period was considerably decreased at 48 hours after the pre-treatment. In these rats CS-430 given in the same dose decreased significantly the awake peiod and the onset time of sleep and increased the slow wave sleep period. CS-430 raised the threshold of the arousal response with stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus, but not of the mesencephalic reticular formation. These effects of CS-430 were almost as potent as those of nitrazepam (NZP). CS-430 reduced duration of after-discharges following stimulation of the hippocampus, depressed the decerebrate rigidity and inhibited activity of lumbar gamma-motoneurons in anesthetized cats. CS-430 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the evoked responses recorded from the proreus gyrus following stimulation of either the baso-magnocellularis of the amygdaloid nuclear or the ventral hippocampus, although such did not inhibit the responses between the olfactory bulb and the pyriform cortex, the thalamus and the sensory-motor cortex. Thus CS-430 has a sleep-inducing effect in animals of almost the same potency as is seen with NZP, and site(s) of the action in the limbic system appear to be specific. | 154,438 | [
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[Computer tomographic densitometry of human blood. The effect of absorption by parenchymatous organs and effusions (author's transl)]. | In vitro measurements of human blood with varying haemoglobin and plasma concentrations have shown a linear relationship between haemoglobin concentrations and attenuation values. A change of haemoglobin content of 1 g/100 ml. blood produced and equivalent density change of 1.5 HU. Attenuation of normal blood is between 55 to 75 HU, that of plasma about 33 HU. Transudates with a protein concentration of less than 5 g/100 ml. show an attenuation value of less than 26 HU. It is therefore possible to indicate the presence of effusions by computer tomography. The effect of the composition of the blood on the attenuation produced by parenchymatous organs is discussed. It is concluded that attenuation values of organs is not seriously affected by even severe haematological changes. | 154,448 | [
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Role of granulocytes in immune complex-induced tissue injuries. | Tissue injury of many types may be caused by deposited complexes of antigen and antibody. The circumstances under which the complexes form and deposit often determine the location and type of injury observed: If the complex forms in the circulation, deposition may occur in arterial walls and glomeruli, initiating lesions in those tissues. If the complex forms in the synovial tissues or spaces, then the reaction will develop at that point. Any local source of antigen will initiate these lesions once antibody is formed. If the source of antigen persists, antibody-forming cells soon establish themselves locally as they do in the active Arthus reaction, and injury will become chronic. When the antibody formed is capable of activating complement, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs, neutrophils) will accumulate, leading to release of injurious constituents. Such is the case in acute glomerulonephritis, arteritis, synovitis, and vasculitis. The ability of complement to attract the PMNs has been demonstrated as an in vitro phenomenon and as a clear possibility in vivo. The requirement of PMNs in the development of the lesions has been demonstrated. The process by which PMNs and other cells (platelets, mast cells, basophils, and macrophages) release injurious constituents is of great interest currently. The exocytosis of their cytoplasmic granules constitutes the major mechanism of release and involves a complicated series of events outlined in this review. The constituents of PMNs capable of injuring tissue in various ways is described, from peptides capable of increasing vascular permeability, to enzymes that indirectly bring more PMNs and other cells into the lesion, to proteolytic enzymes that hydrolyze vital structures in the tissues. These agents were most likely designed to rid the host of invaders; but at times they are unfortunately directed against the host's own tissues. | 154,471 | [
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Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. | Two cases of Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome (PLS) in a family are reported. Association of recurrent infections, arachnodactyly, intracranial calcification and phalangeal abnormality have been observed. Because there is no history of consanguinity, and autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance is suggested. | 154,478 | [
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[Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma in children]. | Nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma is a rare manifestation of juvenile diabetes, in contrast to adult onset diabetes. To date only 20 cases have been published, the majority of them infants and toddlers. This type of diabetic coma is seen with unusual frequency in children with Down's syndrome and psychomotor retardation. The clinical picture is characterised by severe dehydration, hyperglycemia with often extremely high blood sugar levels, hyperosmolarity and glucosuria without ketonuria. Mortality in children has been high (24%). This paper reports the case of a 14-month-old girl with Down's syndrome. Clinical and therapeutic as well as pathogenetic aspects are discussed. | 154,487 | [
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On the reduced intercellular adhesiveness of virally transformed BHK21 cells. | Baby hamster kidney fibroblasts (BHK21 cells) transformed by polyoma or Rous sarcoma viruses aggregate less than the untransformed parental cells when incubated in growth medium in a gyratory shaker for 18-24 h. This difference can be measured by electronic particle counting, or by filtering aggregated suspensions of 32P-labelled cells through bolting fabric. The aggregation of transformed derivatives is not enhanced by the presence, during aggregation of epsilon-amino caproic acid, an inhibitor of plasmin activation. Some lines of transformed BHK21 cells do not appear less adhesive than untransformed cells in a short-term aggregation assay, and none adheres markedly less well when seeded onto homotypic cell sheets. The decreased aggregation of transformed cells is consistent with suggestions that LETS protein is involved in intercellular adhesion of fibroblasts as well as in attachment of cells to non-cellular substrates. If so, the short-term aggregation of freshly trypsinized cells may depend on secretion of LETS from an intracellular pool. | 154,524 | [
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Inflammatory seborrheic keratoses with mononuclear cell infiltration. | Inflammation in inflammatory seborrheic keratoses was found to be composed of mononuclear cells, particularly lymphocytes. Accumulations of mononuclear cells in the papillary and subpapillary dermis frequently showed no tendency to infiltrate the epithelium. However, dramatic interaction of the seborrheic keratosis and the inflammatory process also was common. The lymphocytic exocytosis into the epithelium followed two basic patterns: eczematous, characterized by intercellular and intracellular edema, microvesicle formation, and epithelial necrosis; and lichenoid, in which a bandlike infiltrate attacked the dermoepidermal junction and hyaline bodies occurred in the infiltrated epithelium and in the dermis. Epithelial changes consisted of necrosis of epithelial cells and related parakeratosis; squamous eddies were occasionally found. Inflammatory cell infiltration in seborrheic keratoses possibly represents a process other than irritation, and we propose that mononuclear cell infiltration in seborrheic keratoses may be related to an involutionary process. | 154,526 | [
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Hospitals for the mentally ill and handicapped in Melbourne Australia. | This report of visits made while on a Churchill Traveling Fellowship briefly outlines some catering problems in caring for the mentally ill and handicapped. | 154,535 | [
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Cross-linking of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase protein. | The addition of cupric-1,10,-phenanthroline, a cross-linking catalyst, to sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes caused protein sulfhydryl groups to form disulfide bridges. Following a short exposure to the catalyst (15 s, 22 degrees C) most of the protein was in a dimeric form (Mr = 248,000). Longer exposure times resulted in the formation of trimers, tetramers and other oligomers too large to enter the gel. At low temperatures (4 degrees C) dimer formation predominates, even for exposure times as long as 5 min. Cross-linking in the presence of 7.5 mM Triton X-100 (a concentration that resulted in clearing of the membrane suspension and thus solubilization of the membrane components) showed the appearance of a considerable dimer fraction, however, most of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase protein appeared as a monomer. Following 1 min of cross-linking at 22 degrees C, freeze-etched membranes showed no alteration in the number or appearance of 80 A intramembranous particles. Thus extensive cross-linking of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase protein can occur without disruption of the normal position of the intramembrane portion of the molecule. | 154,538 | [
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The breeding and use of specific pathogen-free (SPF) rats. | Bronchiectasis is common in older rats and is a serious complication when the lungs are repuired for research purposes. SPF rats do not develop this complication, but special isolated accommodation must be provided and care of the animals must avoid introduction of outside micro-organisms. Animals removed from the isolated accommodation for experimental work are not returned, but can be kept in the general animal house provided there are no conventionally-bred rats. | 154,574 | [
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[Bacterial overgrowth of slides and electron microscopic grids in the surface film of water and ooze deposits]. | Distinct bacterial growth can be discerned in the surface water film on semisubmerged slides in the laboratory conditions. The thickness of growth depends on the content of organic substances in water. The growth is found also in natural brine if the content of salts is 127--230 g per litre. A great variety of aqueous bacteria is seen, by means of electron microscopy, on electron-microscopic nets submerged in the surface water layer. New bacterial forms have been found in natural brine. Many creeping bacteria cover slides at the water-ooze interface. | 154,612 | [
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Alkaline deoxyribonucleases released from Neurospora crassa mycelia: two activities not released by mutants with multiple sensitivities to mutagens. | Three major alkaline deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activities have been identified in sorbose-containing liquid culture medium in which wild-type Neurosporacrassa were grown: DNase A, a Ca++dependent endonuclease of molecular weight 65,000 daltons which has no specificity for single- or double-stranded DNA (ss-DNA or ds-DNA) and no activity with RNA; DNase B, a Mg++-dependent single-strand specific exonuclease of molecular weight 78,000 daltons active with both ss-DNA and RNA; DNase C, a divalent metal ion-dependent endo-exonuclease of molecular weight 65,000 having single-strand specific endonuclease activity with ss-DNA and RNA and exonuclease activity with ds-DNA. Three mutants which were shown previously to have wide spectra of sensitivities to mutagens, and which exhibited reduced release of DNase activity on sorbose-containing agar test plates (the Nuh phenotype), were deficient relative to the wild-type in the release of these major alkaline DNases into the liquid culture medium. The uvs-3 mutant released only small amounts of DNase A and DNase C; nuh-4 did not release detectable DNase C and released only a very low level of DNase B; uvs-6 released only a low level of DNase A. A nuh mutant (nuh-3) which is not mutagen sensitive relative to the wild-type released low levels of DNase B. On the other hand, an ultraviolet light-sensitive mutant (nuc-2) which does not have the Nuh phenotype was normal in the release of these DNases. | 154,656 | [
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... |
The effect of EDTA on the histochemical myofibrillar ATPase reaction. | The effects of different salts and concentrations of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the histochemically demonstrable myofibrillar ATPase reaction have been investigated. Serial frozen sections from the vastus lateralis muscle of rats, rabbits and guinea pigs were treated with cold (4 degrees) dipotassium EDTA solution and then incubated for myofibrillar ATPase activity. The results showed that all type I muscle fibres exhibited enhanced ATPase activity while type II fibres demonstrated either very low, moderate or intense reaction suggesting the existence of three different sub-populations. None of these effects was observed if the sections were immersed in magnesium chloride solution after preincubation in cold diK+ EDTA. Preincubation in cold non-ionic EDTA, disodium or tetrasodium EDTA did not affect the regular ATPase reaction pattern, while preincubation in warm (19 degrees--21 degrees C) solutions of the same salts resulted in reversal of the regular pattern of ATPase activity. The present histochemical data emphasise the importance of K+, Mg++ and temperature during preincubation of muscle fibres in EDTA before the demonstration of myofibrillar ATPase activity. Moreover, preincubation in a cold solution of diK+ EDTA may be valuable in the histochemical detection of distinct sub-populations of type II muscle fibres and certainly distinguished between type II white and type II red. | 154,688 | [
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Natural oestrogen in the female climacteric--influence on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. | The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis of a natural oestrogen preparation, piperazine oestrone sulphate, prospectively in menopausal women. Scopolamine was given to the control group. The women were investigated before and during treatment with regard to factors VIII, VII, X, V, fibrinopeptide A, antithrombin III, plasminogen, rapid antiplasmin and alpha 1-antitrypsin. There was no significant change towards hypercoagulability or decreased fibrinolysis in any group. In the oestrogen group, however, a tendency towards an increased level of plasminogen and a decreased level of antiplasmin was demonstrated. In the scopolamine group there was an unexpected fall in factors X and V and also in plasminogen and alpha 1-antitrypsin. A low level of some blood coagulation factors in some of the women before treatment is somewhat astonishing; none of them had any history of excessive bleeding. | 154,749 | [
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An approach to nutritional therapy of hepatic encephalopathy by normalization of deranged amino acid patterns in serum. | A mixture with essential and nonessential amino acids high in branched chain amino acids and low in aromatic amino acids (Fischer solution), and another synthetic mixture of branched chain amino acids containing 3 amino acids associated with the urea cycle (Hep-OU) were infused to control subjects and patients with severe hepatic disease. Alterations in serum aminograms, blood ammonia levels and electroencephalograms following the infusion were studied and compared with those obtained by a commercially available amino acid mixture. Short-term or continuous infusion of a commercially available amino acid solution to cirrhotic patients caused an increase in methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine and a decrease in branched chain amino acids. These post-infusion results were similar to the patterns seen in hepatic encephalopathy. In cirrhotic patients, infusion of Fischer solution which contains small quantities of methionine and phenylalanine produced an increase in the concentrations of these 2 amino acids, probably because of impaired utilization by the injured liver. No marked alterations in serum aminograms, however, were observed in cirrhotic patients either immediately after, or 3 h after, the end of the Hep-OU infusion. Reduction of methionine, tyrosine and phenylalanine levels and elevation of the molar ratio of (valine + leucine + isoleucine)/(phenylalanine + tyrosine) were significant. The infusion of Hep-OU to patients with liver cirrhosis or subacute hepatitis resulted in clinical and neurological improvements and the restoration of the molar ratio of branched chain amino acids/aromatic amino acids. | 154,828 | [
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The athlete's heart. | In summary, we have discussed the anatomical and physiologic effects of physical training and how they alter the physical examination, thoracic roentgenogram, ECG, and echocardiogram of the athlete. The importance of recognizing these deviations from "normal" findings is to avoid considering them evidence of cardiac disease. On the other hand, it is important to exclude cardiovascular disease in those pursuing vigorous athletics because of the potential for sudden cardiac death in those with coronary artery, valvular, or myocardial disease. Unfortunately, the first manifestation of coronary artery disease may be sudden death during athletic performance, a disease not easily detected in asymptomatic individuals. Finally, improper training, excessive trauma, and extreme environmental conditions may contribute to cardiovascular accidents in the competing athlete. | 154,831 | [
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HL-A and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. | HL-A antigens were determined in 26 unrelated Japanese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Several antigens were more common in patients compared with controls, but statistically significant differences were not evidenced. We also studied two families in which many had a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. All the affected individuals revealed HL-A-A9 and B7, while none among the unaffected family members had HL-A-B7. Our findings suggest that the HLA-A system may play some role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with familial occurrence. | 154,832 | [
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... |
Visual handicaps of mentally handicapped people. | Recent literature concerning visual handicaps of mentally handicapped people was reviewed. Topic areas considered were etiology and epidemiology, visual acuity, color vision, and educational techniques. The material considered indicated that a large proportion of mentally handicapped people are affected by some form of visual handicap and the extent to which further specialization of care and training techniques is required in order to limit the extra disadvantages imposed by such defects. | 154,844 | [
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the dog. | Clinical and necropsy findings in 10 dogs with a spontaneous primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are described. Each dog had marked cardiac hypertrophy, and 8 dogs had disproportionate thickening of the ventricular septum with respect to the left ventricular free wall (compared with dogs with normal hearts or with cardiac hypertrophy due to acquired or congenital heart disease). Septal:free wall thickness ratios in the 10 dogs ranged from 1.1 to 1.5; 6 had ratios greater than or equal to 1.3. However, marked cardiac muscle cell disorganization in the ventricular septum, characteristic of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, was present in only 2 of the 10 dogs. Death occurred most commonly while the dogs were under anesthesia during the course of operative procedures (5 dogs) or suddenly and unexpectedly in animals without previous symptomatic manifestations of cardiac disease (3 dogs). Four dogs had clinical signs of congestive heart failure, including 2 with marked cardiac decompensation. In addition, 2 of these 4 dogs with heart failure and 1 dog without previous symptoms (that died during a noncardiac operation) manifested complete heart block. It is conceivable that dogs with spontaneous hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may prove useful in the future investigations of the clinical, hemodynamic, and pathologic features of this disease in humans. | 154,845 | [
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... |
Histochemical characteristics of the masseter and temporalis muscles of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). | The histochemical characteristics, cross-sectional area and capillary of the skeletal muscle fibers of the anterior and posterior regions of the superficial masseter and the temporalis muscles are described for juvenile and adult rhesus monkeys of both sexes. Slow twitch fatigue resistant (S), fast twitch fatigue resistant (FR) and fast twitch fatigable (FF) fibers were found in varying proportions throughout the muscles; however some fibers with an intermediate myofibrillar ATPase activity were observed in the anterior masseter. No significant differences for any of the variables were found between male and female juveniles for a specific muscle sample site. However, considerable variation was found between juvenile and adult and between adult male and female monkeys in the percentages of different fiber types and the cross-sectional area of fibers in specific regions of the superficial masseter and temporalis muscles. We conclude from these observations that significant differences in function exist both within and between the different masticatory muscles of rhesus monkeys. Functional differences may result from the pronounced sexual dimorphism evident in the dentofacial complex of the rhesus monkey. | 154,857 | [
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Newly acquired left bundle-branch block: the Framingham study. | The clinical implications of newly acquired left bundle-branch block (LBBB) were examined prospectively in the Framingham Study population. During 18 years of observation 55 people developed LBBB. The mean age at the onset of LBBB was 62; LBBB occurred largely in people with antecedent hypertension, cardiac enlargement, coronary heart disease, or a combination of these. Coincident with or subsequent to the onset of LBBB, 48% developed clinical coronary disease or congestive failure for the first time. Throughout the entire period of observation only 11% remained free of clinically apparent cardiovascular abnormalities. Within 10 years of the onset of LBBB, 50% had died from cardiovascular diseases. In men, the appearance of LBBB contributed independently to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality. Comparison with age- and sex-matched control subjects free from LBBB confirmed that in the general adult population, newly acquired LBBB is most often a hallmark of advanced hypertensive or ischemic heart disease, or both. | 154,870 | [
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[Clinical evaluation of a topical ethyl lactate treatment of acne vulgaris (author's transl)]. | The efficacy of a lotion containing 10 p. 100 ethyl lactate was evaluated in a double-blind clinical trail during 8 weeks. Test subjects were 45 male and female patients with polymorphous juvenile acne. They were divided into three groups and received the following treatments: Group A: oral antibiotic + topical placebo lotion. Group B: oral antibiotic + topical ethyl lactate lotion. Group C: topical ethyl lactate lotion only. The lotions were applied twice daily with a swab of cotton-wool. The antibiotic doses (tetracycline hydrochloride) were decreased as the trial progressed. Patients were examined before the trial, then after 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. At each visit, comedones, microcysts, pustules and nodules were counted on a skin surface of 9 cm2. Colour photographs were taken before and at the end of the trial and served for counting inflammatory lesions. Also, at each visit, skin lipids were sampled and analysed by I. R. spectrophotometry in order to asses the effect of the treatments on the free fatty acid/triglyceride ratio. The treatments showed similar effectiveness as regards comedones and microcysts, but only treatments A and B succeeded in reducing the number of inflamed lesions. With respect to the latter, the combined treatment B (oral antibiotic + topical ethyl lactate lotion) was more effective than treatment A (oral antibiotic + topical placebo); both treatments were more effective than treatment C (topical ethyl lactate lotion only). At the end of the trial, all three groups of patients showed significant overall improvement, but acne scores (total number of lesions) did not differ significantly between treatments. When comparing these results with literature data concerning the effects of vitamin A acid and benzoyl peroxide, it appears that ethyl lactate is slightly less effective for topical treatment of acne than vitamin A acid, but slightly more effective than benzoyl peroxide. It should be underlined that ethyl lactate is well tolerated by the skin. Analysis of sebum samples failed to yield evidence of a decrease in the free fatty acid/triglyceride ratio in skin lipids of the patients irrespective of the treatment applied. | 154,872 | [
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The value of the electromagnetic flow probe in experimental and clinical microvascular anastomosis. | The Gould Statham Blood Flowmeter Model SP 2204 has been used to assess microanastomosis in 25 superficial femoral arteries of rabbits. When a pulsatile wave form has been achieved this correlates with a satisfactory anastomosis and vice versa. The digital read out of estimated volume flow past the anastomosis made by this instrument will need further evaluation. We are persisting with the electromagnetic flow probe in the assessment of our clinical microvascular anastomoses at operation. | 154,876 | [
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Photosensitivity of respiration in Neurospora mitochondria. A protective role for carotenoid. | 1. The effect of visible light on respiratory activity was studied in two strains of Neurospora crassa, one a wild-type strain able to synthesize carotenoid and the other an albino mutant lacking carotenogenic activity. Light had no effect on growth under the conditions studied, but inhibited respiration of hyphal suspensions. the degree of inhibition being dependent on the carotenoid content of the hyphae. 2. In studies of respiration of isolated mitochondria, three types of photosensitive site were detected. These were the flavo-protein dehydrogenases themselves, a site separate from the latter also associated with the dehydrogenase but re-activatable by treatment with a thiol reagent, and the respiratory quinone, ubiquinone. Cytochrome oxidase, previously reported as photosensitive from many sources, was not appreciably affected by light in these preparations. 3. The degree of inactivation of the respiratory quinone was dependent on the amount of carotenoid in the preparation, high concentrations of the pigment in the mitochondrial membranes providing substantial protection against the effect of light. 4. Separation of the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria showed that under conditions where carotenoid appears to protect quinone, significant amounts are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane, oterhwise carotenoid is restricted to the outer membrane. | 154,887 | [
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Comparative antiinflammatory and bone protective effects of two diphosphonates in adjuvant arthritis. | The effects of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and disodium dichloromethane diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) were evaluated in the rat adjuvant model of arthritis to directly compare their ability to inhibit arthritic processes. The results of the experiment indicated that both diphosphonates inhibited osseous changes, pedal inflammation, and the change in body weight gain patterns which are characteristic of this model. The latter effects suggest that diphosphonates may have antinflammatory activity that is not related to their previously known actions on bone. Cl2MDP appeared to be more effective than EHDP in this particular model when all aspects were considered. The relationship of these results to the potential safety of these compounds in clinical situations is discussed. | 154,893 | [
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... |
[Hemodynamic, functional and biochemical effects of hypobaric hypoxia in rats treated with cytidine diphosphocholine]. | Treatment with cytidine diphosphocholine (20 mg/kg i.p.) in rats induces, during acute hypoxia, a reduction of vegetative responses (no modification of cerebral blood flow), a protection of conditioned avoidance response and a stabilization of dopamine and noradrenaline cerebral levels. | 154,945 | [
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... |
[Cellular material in urinary sediment in retarded or precocious puberty]. | The cellular material studied in the urinary sediment mainly obtained from exfolied alls the bladder trigone was submitted to hormonal stimulation. These cell changes constitute the basis of a cytologic method called the urocytogram. The urocytogram was followed up in six children with early puberty and ten young girls with backward puberty. These repeated examinations contribute to the diagnosis and help in the differential diagnosis. Whenever it is necessary to investigate a child' sex hormones the urocytogram, simple painless method is indicated. | 154,955 | [
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0.8164114,
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Differences in the constitution and distribution of acidic glycosaminoglycans in the intimal and adventitial layers of bovine aorta. | Differences in the constitution of acidic glycosaminoglycans (AGAG) in the intimal layer and in the adventitia of bovine aorta were demonstrated by means of enzymatic assay and electrophoretic characterization after fractionation by ion-exchange chromatography and by gel filtration. The data obtained after ion-exchange chromatography indicated that chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate were the predominant constituents in the intima, whereas hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulfate, oversulfated dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfates and a related glucosaminoglycan were the predominant constituents in the adventitia. The molecular weight dependent distribution of the aortic AGAG by gel filtration indicated that hyaluronic acid was prevalent in the high molecular weight fractions from both layers whereas chondroitin, heparan sulfates and the related glucosaminoglycan were present in the low molecular weight fraction, especially in adventitial AGAG. Chondroitin sulfate isomers, dermatan sulfate and oversulfated dermatan sulfate were distributed almost equally in all fractions, but the proportions were different in the two layers. | 154,984 | [
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Adrenarche: a survey of rodents, domestic animals, and primates. | The concentrations of the adrenal steroids dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS), and delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4-A) have been measured by RIA before and after sexual maturation in plasma of rodents, domestic animals, and primates to determine whether these species exhibit and adrenarchal process comparable to man. The average concentrations of DHA and DHAS were less than 60 ng/dl and 5 microgram/dl, respectively, in plasma of sexually mature rodents and domestic animals, and a significant increase in the plasma DHA level after sexual maturation was seen only in the rabbit and dog. The concentrations of DHA, DHAS, and delta 4-A in 21 rhesus monekeys from 0-3 yr of age were 2021 +/- 235 ng/dl (mean +/- SE), 357 +/- 60 microgram/dl, and 107 +/- 9 ng/dl, respectively, and did not increase during sexual maturation. By contrast, DHA, DHAS, and delta 4-A levels in plasma of chimpanzees were 5.9-fold, 3.3-fold, and 4.8-fold greater, respectively, in 7- to 22-compared to 0- to 3-yr-old animals. Temporally, the increase in DHA levels in the chimpanzee is apparent at 5 yr and this precedes the increase in gonadal steroids, as is characteristic of human adrenarche. It is apparent that adrenal androgen levels and their developmental patterns differ markedly among species, and that among the species examined, only the chimpanzee exhibits an adrenarche comparable to that of man. | 155,005 | [
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0.3188503,
0.1836993,
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-... |
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