title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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Cellular adaptations of the ventilatory muscles to a chronic increased respiratory load. | It is not known whether cellular adaptations of the ventilatory muscles are induced by increased respiratory loads. A chronic respiratory load was produced in rats by tracheal banding. Five weeks after the imposition of this increased load, biochemical and histochemical analyses were performed on the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. The oxidative capacity, as indicated by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, increased 38% in the diaphragm. The capacity for beta-oxidation fatty acids, as indicated by 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH) activity, increased 29%. The glycolytic capacity, as indicated by phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity, did not change. Similar enzymatic adaptations were observed in the intercostal muscles. The proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers, as indicated by the myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) stain, increased in the diaphragm, but not in the intercostal muscles. Thus, these ventilatory muscles responded with an increase in their oxidative capacity, and the diaphragm reponded with an increase in the proportion of muscle fibers having the myofibriller ATPase staining characteristic of slow-twich fibers. We conclude that cellular adaptations are induced in the ventilatory muscles by chronic increased respiratory loads. | 149,778 | [
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The effects of storage of sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments on the Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase. | The effects of K+ and Na+ on the Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments (SRF) were investigated at 1 mM ATP. There was an alteration of the sensitivity of the ATPase to the monovalent cations during storage of the SRF preparation. The Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase of freshly prepared SRF was slightly activated by 5-10 mM K+ and Na+. Mg2+-ATPase was inhibited by both the monovalent cations to the same extent, and this response to the ions was independent of the freshness of the preparations. After storage of SRF, however, the Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase was markedly activated by higher concentrations of K+ and Na+ (0.2-0.3 M). K+ and Na+ reduced the Ca uptake at the steady state in freshly prepared SRF, but did not affect pre-steady state uptake. In the presence of oxalate, the rate of Ca accumulation both in fresh and stored preparations was activated by 0.1-0.2 M K+ and Na+. The Ca2+, mg2+-ATPase with oxalate, so-called "extra ATPase," showed the same response to the ions as did the activity without oxalate during storage. | 149,789 | [
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Effect of light and oxygen on neocarzinostatin stability and DNA-cleaving activity. | The in vitro DNA-cleaving activity of neocarzinostatin, a protein antibiotic, is strongly but reversibly inhibited by anaerobiosis. Half-maximal activity is seen in the presence of 0.25 mM O2. The stability of neocarzinostatin, as demonstrated by its ability to cleave DNA, is significantly reduced in light. Inactivation by light is complete and irreversible. | 149,790 | [
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Sonographic findings in gastroschisis. | The antenatal sonographic appearance of gastroschisis is described. The findings consist of numerous extra-abdominal "cystic masses" respresenting loops of fluid-filled bowel eviscerated through the abdominal defect. This patient also had associated polyhydramnios, possibly on the basis of a functional bowel abnormality. | 149,801 | [
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[Dominant cystoid macular dystrophy (author's transl)]. | Dominant cystoid macular dystrophy (D.C.M.D.) is characterized by a macular dystrophy but at the same time by a pigmentary dystrophy of the retinal periphery. Ultimately D.C.M.D. resembles an atypical pigmentary dystrophy, in some cases that of a pericentral retinitis pigmentosa. In an early stage the results of the EOG and darkadaptation curve reflect the process at the level of the peripheral retina, while only in a late stage we may expect some diffuse ERG pathology. D.C.M.D. might be classified as a tapetoretinal dystrophy and in particular as a form of retinitis pigmentosa with an atypical visual disturbance and an atypical fundus appearance (Leber, 1871). In doing so attention is paid to the fact that D.C.M.D. is more than a macular dystrophy. The denomination of the disease as D.C.M.D. reflects the most important features at a relatively young age. | 149,806 | [
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Risks of manifestation of Huntington chorea. | A methodology allowing the estimate of risks heterozygosity and manifestation of Huntington's chorea (HC) within preestablished periods for individuals of any age was developed. For this, the procedure was the following: 1. The variables which could influence the distribution of age frequencies were studied. 2. The error due to the exclusion of the heterozygotes dying before the manifestation of the disease from the distribution of Wendt et al. (1959) of affected persons was corrected separately for each sex. 3. The frequency of non-affected heterozygotes in each age group was calculated separately for each sex, from the corrected distribution. From those data estimates of the following parameters could be reached: a) the probability of heterozygosity for consultants of any age; b) the risks of manifestation for the gene in a given individual within a determined period, taking into account his probability of heterozygosity and survival. 4. The risks of manifestation were tabulated for making easier their use in concrete cases. Simplified tables with approximate risks are also presented for the more common cases in genetic counseling. 5. The methodology presented allows a discrimination between the probability of heterozygostiy and the risk of manifestation. This makes possible the estimate of risks of becoming affected, taking into account not only the age of the consultant at the moment, but also the period of time starting with the consultation, to which the risk applies. This is essential for adequate genetic counseling. | 149,840 | [
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A critical assessment of fluid requirements in gastroschisis. | This report critically evaluates the fluid requirements of 30 infants with gastroschisis. Fluid requirements were unrelated to gestational age, birth weight, or type of repair. Twenty-five percent of the fluid was colloid needed to restore intravascular volume and oncotic pressure, the balance consisting of Ringer's lactate solution. These data support the conclusion that the fluid requirements of the newborn with gastroschisis are significantly increased over those of the normal neonate. This is a reflection of antenatal peritonitis, third space fluid shifts and loss of water and electrolytes during transport to the pediatric surgical center. Recognition of these needs and appropriate replacement should reduce the perioperative morbidity and mortality in these seriously ill neonates. | 149,844 | [
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[Direct examination in immunofluorescence of temporal artery sections. Value and limitations (author's transl)]. | Although invariably seen with immunofluorescence in Giant Cell Temporal Arteritis, deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the wall of the temporal arteries is nevertheless not specific to his condition. The results of the preliminary study reported here would seem to indicate that this phenomenon is related to the dysimmune state. A simple investigation, temporal artery biopsy with examination in immunofluorescence may be used to provide evidence for a diagnosis of circulating immune complex disease, the type of which can be defined only by the clinicopathological and biological context. Thus the practical value of temporal artery biopsy goes far beyong giant cell arteritis only. | 149,956 | [
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Two fragments from fibrinolysin digests of ovine prolactin: characterization and recombination to generate full immunoreactivity. | The action of fibrinolysin (plasmin; EC 3.4.21.7) on ovine prolactin has been investigated. It was found that the enzyme selectively cleaves the bond between Met-53 and Ala-54. The two fragments, PRL-(1-53) and PRL-(54-199), have been purified and characterized. A recombinant molecule has been obtained by noncovalent interaction of PRL-(1-53) and PRL-(54-199). The recombined protein behaves nearly identically to the parent hormone in circular dichroism spectra and exclusion chromatography. The recombinant possesses full immunoreactivity, as revealed by gel double-diffusion and complement fixation. However, the recombined protein exhibits low prolactin activity in the pigeon crop-sac test. | 149,984 | [
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An analysis of dorsal and median raphe self-stimulation: effects of parachlorophenylalanine. | The role of serotonergic systems in intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of rats was investigated. Intragastric administration of 400 mg/kg of parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) depressed ICSS rates in the group with dorsal raphe electrode placements over a similar time course to the depletion of brain serotonin which results from treatment with PCPA. An intrasessional analysis of these behavioral changes on the fourth day after PCPA revealed that dorsal raphe ICSS was depressed over both halves of the 2 hr test session, whereas a significant depression in median raphe ICSS occurred only in the last hr of the session. The data from these studies suggest that brain serotonin systems contribute to the phenomenon of brain-stimulation reward in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. The involvement of multiple neurochemical substrates of brain stimulation reward is discussed. | 149,989 | [
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Applications and limitations of quantitative sacroiliac joint scintigraphy. | Evaluation of sacroiliac joint pathology by quantitative analysis of radionuclide bone scanning has been advocated as a useful technique. We have examined this technique in 61 patients and controls. The procedure was useful in detecting early sacroiliitis but was of limited value in patients with advanced sacroiliac joint findings radiographically. False positive values were found in patients with metabolic bone disease or structural abnormalities in the low back. Normative data must be determined for each laboratory. | 149,995 | [
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Recent concepts on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. | The evidence implicating an immune pathogenesis of the lesions of rheumatoid arthritis is presented under four headings: clinical, histopathological, serological and experimental. This leads to the conclusion that the disease occurs in two phases, an initial phase associated with the presence of an exogenous initiating agent and a chronic, apparently self-prepetuating phase maintained by the presence of an autoanitgen. The microbial nature of the initiating agent is considered and it is concluded that present evidence does not exclude the possibility that no single agent is responsible. | 150,015 | [
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Frequency of Down syndrome in livebirths by single-year maternal age interval: results of a Massachusetts study. | An analysis of rates of intra-state Down syndrome livebirths to Massachusetts residents by single-year maternal age interval in 1958-1965 inclusive was carried out. A gradual increase of rate of the Down syndrome occurred from age 20 to about age 31, and a steeper increase thereafter. Different regression equations were derived in the 20-31 and the 33-45 age group. The regression equations were ln y = 0.04515 x -1.45759 for those age 20-31 and ln y = 0.24302x-7.57870, for those age 33-45, where y = rate per 1,000 and x = maternal age. The regression-derived rates are slightly lower than those reported in similar analyses of data from Sweden and New York State, but they are not markedly discrepant. | 150,062 | [
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Ultrastructural observations on FUdR-induced cell death and subsequent elimination of cell debris. | Twelve-day mouse embryos were treated with fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) and sacrificed at various time intervals after treatment. The neuroepithelial cells were then examined to determine by electron microscopy the primary site of action of the drug. About two hours after treatment mitotic activity ceased and a number of cells were found with a normal interphase nucleus, but with a cytoplasm in which the ribosomes had lost their normal polysomal configuration and were dispersed as single ribosomes. At about the same time cells were seen with an accumulation of chromatin at the nuclear membrane and the segregation of chromatin masses within the somewhat denser karyoplasm. Concurrent with the nuclear changes was the appearance of a condensed cytosome containing monoribosomes. The condensation of the nucleus and cytoplasm was followed by fragmentation of the cell into membrane bound bodies. Since condensed cells always contained monodispersed ribosomes, it seems likely that the dispersal of the ribosomes is the first morphological sign of the action of FUdR. Since about half of the neuroepithelial population underwent cell degeneration, the second goal of this experiment was to study the fate of the dying cells. Some fragments from condensed cells were found within apparently normal neuroepithelial cells, indicating phagocytosis. In addition macrophages were seen containing phagosomes from fragmented cells. Most of the fragments, however, remained free and were not immediately phagocytosed. These unphagocytosed fragments lysed and became ghosts, thereby giving the neureopithlium a vacuolated appearance. Hence, cellular debris was eliminated partially by neuroepithelial cells, partially by macrophages and to a great extent by lysis. | 150,063 | [
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Endocrine cells of the colon in Hirschsprung's and control children. | The large intestine resected from 6 Hirschsprung's patients and surgical colonic biopsies from 6 control children were examined with light and electron microscopy. The presence and the relative distribution of various endocrine cell types in both groups of mucosa were determined. In light microscope studies endocrine cell data were expressed as number of cells per unit area of mucosa using a quantitative method after argentaffin and Grimelius's argyrophilic techniques and an immunoperoxidase reaction with glucagon and somatostatin (SRIF) antisera. The results indicate that endocrine cells are apparently not involved in Hirschsprung's disease, since their number and frequency did not differ significantly between the ganglionic and aganglionic segments of Hirschsprung's patients nor between the latter and control children. Glucagon immunoreactive cells were, on the average, 5-6 times and 7-9 times more numerous that SRIF cells in the rectum and the sigmoid, respectively. Ultrastructurally, five endocrine cell types could be distinguished. The fifth type, probably a transition type, apparently disappears in adults. | 150,104 | [
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Occlusive phlebitis, a diagnostic feature in Riedel's thyroiditis. | Five cases of Riedel's invasive fibrous thyroiditis are presented. Clinically and histopathologically all cases fulfilled the criteria for this lesion. In both small and large veins there were inflammatory changes and obliteration of the lumen, followed by sclerosis. These changes were found in each operative specimen, and seemed to be a diagnostic feature of invasive fibrous thyroiditis. We consider this change to be an occlusive phlebitis, and have noted that it occurs in association with multifocal fibrosclerosis. Three stages can be recognised: infiltrative, occlusive and sclerotic. In other thyroid lesions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, granulomatous thyroiditis of the Quervain type and adenomatous goitre these peculiar changes in the veins were not found. | 150,106 | [
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Morphological investigations on axonal swellings and spheroids in various human diseases. | Axonal swellings and spheroids in various human diseases were studied by light and electron microscopy. 4 cases of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, 2 of degenerative diseases, 2 brain tumors and 3 of cerebrovascular disease were examined. Ultrastructurally most spheroids in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy consisted of interconnected tubules, stacked membranotubular profiles, alternating layered membranes and accumulations of neurofilaments. Combinations of these four constituents were seen only in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. "Torpedos" (fusiform swelling of the axon of a Purkinje cell) consisted exclusively of neurofilaments. Spheroids in case 6 (mental retardation) and 7 (atypical teratoma) consisted of interwoven skeins of neurofilaments and grouped mitochondria. Spheroids in case 8 (demyelination) and 9 (cerebrovascular disease) consisted of packed complex bodies and mitochondria. Spheroids in cases 10 and 11 (cerebrovascular disease) consisted of degenerating organelles only. The morphological differences between cases 9, 10 and 11 probably depends on the severity and timing of the cerebral injury. Most spheroids show similar histological and histochemical properties, but ultrastructural study may give some clue to the origin of the bodies. | 150,108 | [
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2'-Chloro-1-hydroxy-2-naphthanilide-4'-isothiocyanate--a new cestodicidal agent [1]. | 2'-Chloro-1-hydroxy-2-naphthanilide-4'-isothiocyanate (4) has been synthesized as the structural analogue of yomesan (1) and was found to be active against experimental dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana infection in rats at an oral dose of 7.5 mg/kg. | 150,149 | [
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Glycoproteins and polyanions in the synapses of rat and mouse central nervous system. | In the present work, it is investigated the location and characteristics of receptors for Con A in synapses of rat and mouse central nervous system. Negatives charges of synaptic surface are also studied. It is observed the presence of glycoproteins on synaptosomal plasma membrane. Presence of negatives charges homogenously distributed all over the synaptosome surface is also notice. These negative charges are revealed by Colloidal Iron, FeOH++cation and cationized Ferritin. Enzymatic extraction experiments suggest that presence of sulphated mucopolysaccharides. | 150,190 | [
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Histochemical fiber composition of lumbar back muscles in the cat. | A histochemical analysis has been performed of the activity of myofibrillar ATPase, NADH2tetrazolium-reductase, succinic dehydrogenase and phosphorylase and of the content of fat and glycogen in the muscles of the cat's lumbar back region. The correlation between the fiber composition and the previously studied contraction properties of the muscles was analyzed. All muscles contain fibers with a low activity (type I) and such with a high activity (type II) of myofibrillar ATPase following preincubation at pH 9.4. Type II fibers showed either a low (type II A) or an intermediate (type II B) reaction when stained for ATPase, preincubation at pH 4.6. Type I fibers have a high, II A an intermediate-high and II B fibers a low activity of oxidative enzymes. The longissimus, iliocostalis and sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis muscles are characterized by high percentages of type II B fibers and low proportions of type I and type II A fibers. The central region of the longissimus which is connected to a well developed intermuscular septum is composed of a high proportion of type I fibers. The multifidi, interspinales and intertransversarii mediales muscles have higher proportions of type I and type II A fibers than the other muscles in the region. | 150,195 | [
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Anterior pathway for transdiaphragmatic extension of pneumomediastinum. | It is classically taught that mediastinal air enters the abdomen posteriorly by dissection along vascular sheaths. Present studies in infants, children, and young adults demonstrate dissection of extrapleural air to the subdiaphragmatic extraperitoneal space between the sternocostal origins of the diaphragm. The presence of extrapleural air above and extraperitoneal air below the diaphragm clearly defines the anterior diaphragmatic attachments, producing a characteristic radiographic sign. Recognition of this sign permits precise localization of air collections above and below the diaphragm, implying subdiaphragmatic extension of extraalveolar air rather than retroperitoneal perforation of a hollow viscus. Since collections of both extrapleural and intrapleural air may collect in a subpulmonic location, the ability to distinguish one from another has definite implications regarding chest tube placement. | 150,211 | [
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Multihandicapped children's preferences for pure tones and speech stimuli as a method of assessing auditory capabilities. | Residual hearing capabilities of nine severely and profoundly retarded multihandicapped deaf-blind children were determined with an operant procedure that allowed the children to respond by making a selection between two alternative responses. One response option resulted in the presentation of auditory reinforcement (pure tones and speech stimuli of various frequencies); the other option resulted in no reinforcement. Levels of the sound intensity were varied systematically to obtain a "threshold" for selective responding. Each of the severely damaged "untestable" children made numerous meaningful responses throughout the testing sessions, thereby revealing the levels of intensity that could be heard and those that were not high enough to elicit preferential responding. The children responded comparably in conditions employing pure tones and speech. The responses of most of the children were comparable across frequency conditions, although some of the children's records show selective responding at lower levels of intensity for certain frequencies than for others. We also found that varying the level of intensity of the stimuli not only affected the children's selective behavior, but also their time on task measures and their individual patterns of responding. | 150,230 | [
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[Epidemiology of contact dermatitis in Marseilles (author's transl)]. | Five hundred subjects were patch-tested on the one hand with 25 allergens standard group and on the other hand with selected allergens depending on the occupation and history of each patient. They systematic standard series are responsible for 79 p. 100 of contact allergens. Among them the most frequent sensitizers observed include potassium dichromate, nickel sulfate, cobalt chloride, paraphenylenediamine, propylene-glycol, triethanolamine, balsam of Peru. The selected allergens stand for 21 p. 100 of our cases. These results are compared with those of other countries. The main sensitizers are involved in every case. However a few discrepancies are to be noted: turpentine and mercury do not occupy with us a foremost rank, whereas prophylene-glycol and triethanolamine which, according to our statistics, stand fourth and seventh, are not mentioned elsewhere. Differents factors can partly account for these variations: industrial products are submitted to local influence, as it occurs with turpentine for instance, environmental factors play an important part too and, above all, local industries. Nevertheless, this study brings into relief two facts:--the interesting use of systematic standard series, constantly updated, since they are responsible for 79 p. 100 of contact allergens;--the incidence of each patient's history and occupation on the choice of selected allergens, thanks to which we can put into relief less usual causes, though they should not been overlooked, since they stand for 21 p. 100 of the allergens so far listed. | 150,247 | [
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[Immunochemical characterization of alpha-amylases in wheat seeds at different ontogenical steps (author's transl)]. | Protein extracts of wheat seeds taken at an early stage of development, at maturation and after seven days of germination were investigated by using immunochemical techniques with immune sera prepared against alpha-amylases purified from developing seeds and alpha-amylases purified from germinated seeds. After immunochemical analyses carried out in agarose gel, alpha-amylase characterization was performed by using beta-limit dextrin followed by iodine staining. Detection of three antigenic alpha-amylases separated by agarose immunoelectrophoretic analysis at pH 8.6 and called I, II, III from the anode to the cathode, as well as an antigenical relationship between the anodic enzymes I and II were confirmed. Three constituents in I and four in II were further distinguished by using long duration electrophoresis in agarose gel. The immune sera reacted with all of these constituents. Thus with these immune sera a quantitative determination of all anodic alpha-amylase proteins can be attempted as quantitation of two antigens. During this identification consitutents with a apparent activity on beta-limit dextrin but delivering incomplete unstained substrate were detected. These constituents found in developing seeds have electrophoretic mobility close to that of constituents I but differ antigenically from alpha-amylases I and II. Combination of rocket-line-immunoelectrophoresis and alpha-amylase characterization reaction on precipitin bands was developed for comparing amounts of each of three alpha-amylase antigens in different seed extracts. The use of this technique for quantitating at the same time two antigen groups having a certain cross reactivity is discussed. Preliminary results of quantitative study on each of these antigen in developing, mature and germinating seeds are reported. | 150,250 | [
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Light chains of chicken embryonic gizzard myosin. | 1. Myosin from gizzards of 15-day-old chicken embryos was highly purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation in the presence of ATP and MgCl2, ultra-centrifugation and Sepharose 4B chromatography. 2. The myosin composed of heavy and three light chains as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of the light chains were 23,000 (L23), 20,000 (L20), and 17,000 (L17), respectively. The amount of L23 light chain decreased and disappeared, and the L17 light chain increased steadily in the course of development. The amount of L20 light chain did not change. 3. ATPase activity of the embryonic myosin was essentially the same as that of adult myosin. The change in the light chain pattern in the course of development did not correlate to the ATPase activity. 4. Antigenicity of the heavy chains in the embryonic myosin was the same as that of the adult heavy chains. However, antibodies to light chains were not detected in the antibodies to either the embryonic or adult myosins. | 150,291 | [
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Delayed-type hypersensitivity in patients with mycosis fungoides. | Cell-mediated immune reactivity was studied in 23 patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary's syndrome by a semi-quantitative 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) sensibilization test and the reaction to intracutaneous microbial antigens. Anergy to DNCB was observed in 8 patients, 5 had a markedly depressed DNCB score, 6 showed negative reactions to the microbial antigens. A defect in antigen recognition is suggested. | 150,343 | [
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[Therapeutic effect and effect on the pituitary adrenal functions of fluocortine-butylester in eczema during childhood (author's transl)]. | A new topical corticosteroid: fluocortin-butylester, was employed in 11 eczematous children (atopic and seborrhoeic dermatitis), with a good clinical result. These topical applications involve no significant risk of interference with the pituitary-adrenal function. | 150,351 | [
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Immune status in Crohn's disease. 2. Originally unimpaired primary cell mediated immunity in vitro. | One-way mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) were performed with peripheral blood lymphocytes of 21 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) not receiving salizylazosulphapyridine, steroids or azathioprine, seven patients with inflammatory bowel disease other than CD and ulcerative colitis, and 46 age- and sex-matched normal control subjects. The group of CD patients consisted of 11 patients with newly diagnosed, short-standing and so far untreated CD (group CD 1) and 10 patients previously treated with drugs and with mostly long-standing CD (group CD 2). Results showed that the MLC responsiveness was similar in all Crohn's disease groups, normal subjects and diseased controls. While there was no correlation between MLC responsiveness and either disease activity or disease duration when compared singly, those CD 2 patients who had highly active and/or very long-standing disease did exhibit a depressed MLC responsiveness as compared with that of normal subjects (p less than 0.001), CD 1 patients who had both inactive and short-standing disease (P less than 0.05), and diseased controls (0.1 greater than or equal to P greater than 0.05). The stimulatory capacity did not differ significantly between the CD groups and normal subjects or diseased controls; the latter, however, stimulated poorly compared with normal subjects (P less than 0.05). In accordance, an inverse relationship between the magnitude of the stimulatory capacity and the disease activity was found in the CD patients as a whole. These data suggest that there is no depression of the in vitro primary cell mediated immune response as a predisposing factor for CD or as an early event associated with the pathogenesis of CD. | 150,362 | [
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Human lymphocyte responses are enhanced by culture at 40 degrees C. | In vitro responses of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were found to be markedly enhanced by culture at 40 degrees C rather than at the conventional temperature of 37 degrees C. We studied proliferative responses of lymphocytes by activation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and allogeneic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and found enhancement of DNA synthesis at the higher temperature. Cytotoxic T cell responses to allogeneic cells were also enhanced when MLC was done at 40 degrees C. These enhanced immune responses appear to be due in part to increased numbers of participating cells. If in vitro lymphocyte responses correlate with in vivo responses, then fever associated with infection or tumor may be beneficial whereas that associated with autoimmune disorders may have a detrimental effect. | 150,449 | [
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Prophylaxis of the laminectomy membrane. An experimental study in dogs. | Sixty laminectomies were performed in dogs to investigate the prevention of the laminectomy membrane and its side effects. These operations were distributed in six groups of 10, one was a control group, and in the others the bone defect was protected with different materials (Oxicel, Silastic, Dacron, methyl methacrylate, and Kiel bone graft). After a survival of 2 months, suboccipital myelography was performed, immediately after which the animals were sacrificed and the operated spinal slice obtained. The different radiographic densities of the tissues of each slice were calculated and the diverse histological nature identified by hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff, Masson's trichrome, and Gomori's reticulin strains. Only the acrylic plastic and the Kiel bone graft prevented expansion of the scar tissue inside the spinal canal and adhesions between the dura and the cicatrical overlying muscles. Therefore, the authors suggest that a solid barrier is necessary to effectively prevent the so-called "laminectomy membrane." | 150,459 | [
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Levamisole: lack of immunopotentiation in a controlled trial. | The immunopotentiating effect of levamisole was assessed in a double-blind trial in two comparable groups of patients with Down's syndrome, with which the immunodeficiency and susceptibility to infection are known to be associated. One group was given levamisole continuously and at the same dose for 16 weeks, and the other group was given placebo tablets. A checklist was designed to record the type, frequency, and duration of all infections which occurred in the patients, and delayed type hypersensitivity responses to various antigens were measured. There were no differences between the two groups in body weight, number of intercurrent infections, duration of illness, nor was there any change in degree of depression or cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity. These findings, taken with claims of success in some patients and failure in others, suggest that levamisole is not a general immunopotentiating agent, although it may have a specific site (or sites) of action on the immune system. If levamisole is to be used more selectively, this action needs to be characterized. | 150,487 | [
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0.1606619,
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Huntington disease: normal lipid composition of purified neuronal perikarya and whole cortex. | This is the first report of the lipid composition of human neurons. Neuronoal perikarya were isolated from frozen samples of the cerebral cortex of persons with Huntington disease and two normal controls. These were analyzed for total lipid, individual lipids, and gangliosides. No differences were detected between diseased and normal cells. In addition, gray matter samples from the same patients, and one additional patient and control sample, were analyzed and found not to differ. Thus the ultrastructural abnormalities seen in cortical biopsies are not reflected in the concentration of the major lipid classes. | 150,551 | [
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[Cholinergizing treatment in hyperkinesis]. | Hyperkineses are a clinical and pathogenetic counter-part of parkinsonism (MP). Their underlying cause is increased activity of the dopaminergic system or insufficiency of the cholinergic system. Treatment inhibiting the dopaminergic system, similarly as anticholinergic treatment is of little effectiveness in MP. A trial of substitutive treatment was undertaken activating the cholinergic system with a precursor of acetylcholine (dimethyl-amino-ethanol-deanol--Bimanol) with simultaneous inhibition of cholinesterase with prostigmin. The results of this treatment were compared with previously applied antidopaminergic treatment (Haloperidol) and with the effects of L-dopa. This treatment was given to 11 patients with Huntington's chorea (ChH), 4 with faciolingual dyskinesis (DFL), 3 with torticollis spasmodicus (TS), 3 with maladie des tics (MT) and 8 with dyskinesia following treatment with L-dopa (MP). Cholinergizing treatment gave better results than antidopaminergic treatment in TS and ChH, and worse in MT. In dyskinesia following L-dopa cholinergizing treatment gave also no effects reported by others. Differences in the results of cholinergizing and antidopaminergic treatment may indicate non-homogenous pathological mechanism of these hyperkineses. Cholinergizing treatment in hyperkineses is based on a similar principle as L-dopa treatment in MP and this approach seems to be proper but more effective preparations should be sought for. | 150,548 | [
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Molecular structure of membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli. | The molecular architecture of membrane vesicles prepared from Escherichia coli ML 308-225 has been studied by using crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and a reference pattern of 52 discrete immunoprecipitates has been established. Progressive immunoadsorption experiments conducted with untreated control vesicles and with physically disrupted vesicles demonstrate that the membrane-associated immunogens fall into two categories: (i) those immunogens typified by ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) and NADH dehydrogenase [NADH: (acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.99.3] whose expression is minimal unless the vesicles are disrupted; and (ii) immunogens such as Braun's lipoprotein that are expressed to similar extents in untreated and in disrupted vesicles. A mathematical relationship between the peak area subtended by an immunoprecipitate in the crossed immuno-electrophoresis system and the quantity of vesicles used in the adsorption process has been derived. This relationship allows quantitation of the degree to which specific membrane immunogens partition between exposed and unexposed surfaces of the vesicle membrane. The results demonstrate conclusively that >95% of the membrane in the vesicle preparations is in the form of sealed sacculi with the same polarity as the intact cell. Moreover, the findings provide a strong indication that dislocation of immunogens from the inner to the outer surface of the membrane during vesicle preparation does not occur to an extent exceeding 11%. | 150,599 | [
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Effect of Trisetum flavescens P.B. on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in rats. Experimental evidence for the principle actively affecting phospho-calcium homeostasis. | After reviewing the literature on the vitamin D3-like activity of certain plants [Solanum malacoxylon, Cestrum diurnum and Trisetum flavescens], the authors present results of experiments in which dried Trisetum flavescens was administered perorally to rats. The addition of 2.5% dried Trisetum flavescens to the standard laboratory diet caused a drop in blood phosphate levels and a simultaneous marked increase in the calcium and phosphorus content of bones of the experimental animals. The mechanism of the action of Trisetum flavescens on phosphocalcium metabolism is discussed. | 150,612 | [
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Effects of pre and perinatal malnutrition on muscle fibres from fast and slow rat muscles. | Pre and perinatal malnutrition of rats was effected by means of limiting the mothers' food intake by 50% during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring were sacrificed at 36 weeks of age and the anterior tibialis (ANTIB) and soleus (SOL) muscles were prepared for histochemical demonstration of Type I, IIA and IIB muslce fibre types using myosin ATPase and succinic dehydrogenase activity. Muscle weights and mean muscle fibre area determinations showed greater decreases in ANTIB than SOL, SOL muscle fibre areas being relatively unaffected by the undernutrition regimen. The proportions present of the muscle fibre types differed in ANTIB and to a small extent on SOL. In the former muscle, some decreases in area in certain of the fibres were associated with increases in the percentages present, showing a tendency to maintain the physiological cross-sectional area of the muscle. | 150,634 | [
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Transcatheter arterial embolization of a traumatic lumbar artery false aneurysm. | The case of a false aneurysm of a lumbar artery secondary to penetrating trauma is presented. Problems of diagnosis are outlined, emphasizing the value of ultrasound, computerized tomography, and angiography. The early use of angiography is strongly advocated in cases of suspected post-traumatic bleeding. The use and value of therapeutic transcatheter embolization is discussed. | 150,652 | [
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Lymphoid cell interactions in allograft immunity. Failure of hamsters to generate suppressor cells upon specific immunization. | The alloantigenic reactivity of hamster spleen cells from unsensitized animals was analyzed in vitro. When compared with normal MHA cells, MHA anti-CB spleen cells responded better or to the same degree in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) during the first 3 days after alloantigenic exposure. However, by day 5 postsensitization there was a signigicant reduction in spleen cell MLR activity, which returned to normal or even an exaggerated response 7 days following immunization. We examined the possibility that the reduction in MLR responsiveness 5 days following immunization might be attributable to the generation splenic suppressor cells. Irradiated spleen cells from unsensitized and from MHA anti-CB donors were cocultured with normal responder MHA lymph node cells stimulated by (MHA x CB)F1 hybrid lymph node cells in MLR. No regulatory effect of either cell population was seen, indicating that even hamster spleen cells from alloimmune donors fail to suppress the mitotic response of normal lymph node cells to allogeneic targets. | 150,661 | [
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0.2164953,
0.1010469,
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[Plasmin in human blood plasma]. | Formation of plasmin was studied when treating the human diluted blood plasma with kaolin in acid medium. The activity of the formed enzyme was determined quantitatively from the splitting of protamin sulphate, fibrin and fibrinogen. Dependence of plasminogen activation on time of plasma incubation with kaolin and on temperature as well as the effect of proteinases inhibitors on the plasmin activity are studied. | 150,669 | [
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-0.1608338,
... |
[Concentration and composition of cerebral gangliosides in Down's disease]. | Content and composition of gangliosides were studied in brain white and grey substances of patients with mongolism. Content of gangliosides, which are typical components of plasmatic membranes of nervous cells, was decreased in brain grey substance of the patients as compared with control group, whereas content of the lipids was increased in white substance. Differentiation of neurones appears to be inhibited in mongolism. Content of disialoganglioside GDIa exceeded the content of other gangliosides in brain white and grey substances in normal state; content of GMI, GTI, GDIb was also increased. Composition of gangliosides from brain of the patients with not distinctly altered as compared with that of children of control group. | 150,702 | [
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[Immunostaging (author's transl)]. | This survey covers the problems of immunologic monitoring of patients and the spectrum of methods of diagnosing various types of immunopathological reactions. | 150,770 | [
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[The use of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and its clinical aspects]. | 11,8% (354 patients) of 3000 laparoscopies were performed because of suspected ectopic pregnancy (E.P.). In 23,4% of the diagnostic laparoscopy the diagnosis was confirmed. The rate of E.P. without bleeding was 11,8%. Laparoscopy is considered to be the method of choice to diagnose as well as to exclude E.P. | 150,771 | [
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Importance of bicarbonate in bile salt independent fraction of bile flow. | The bile salt independent fraction (BSIF) of canalicular bile flow from the isolated rat liver perfused with bicarbonate-free perfusate is 50% of that from the liver perfused with bicarbonate-containing perfusate. HCO3-excretion is nearly eliminated and Na+ and Cl- excretion is reduced 50%. Replacement of HCO3- into perfusate increased bile flow by 0.3 microliter/g.min without changing bile acid excretion rate. 5.5-Dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (DMO) produced a similar effect. DMO was passively distributed between bile and plasma. The data indicate that a bicarbonate transport mechanism is responsible for production of up to 50% of the BSIF. Another weak acid, N-5[5-(2-methoxyethoxy)-2-pyrimidinyl]sulfamoylbenzene (glymidine), was rapidly excreted into bile and increased bile flow by over 2.0 microliter/g.min. Glymidine is probably excreted by an independent organic anion transport mechanism, and any effect on the bicarbonate transport mechanism is obscured. Canaliculus-enriched hepatocyte membrane fractions contained no HCO3-stimulated ATPase activity. Either this enzyme is unimportant in hepatocyte bicarbonate transport or transport occurs across membranes other than the bile canalicular membrane. | 150,796 | [
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[On the connections between the rami communicantes of the sympathicus and the rami posteriores of the loin nerves (author's transl)]. | The existence of anastomoses between the Rami communicantes of the Truncus sympathicus and the Rami posteriores of the loin nerve in man has been confirmed macroscopically and microscopically in 50% of the cases. This is followed by a discussion of the causality of pains in the loin region. | 150,806 | [
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Dissociation kinetics of tetra-S-carbamidomethylated plasmin-modified human somatotropin. | The dissociation of tetra-S-carbamidomethylated, plasmin-modified human somatotropin at 25 +/- 2 degrees C has been found to be a slow, exergonic equilibrium reaction; an equilibrium constant of 1.77 mol/L and a standard free energy of dissociation of -340 cal/mol have been calculated. The major products of the dissociation have been shown to consist of a monomeric form of the 51-residue carboxyl-terminal fragment and a trimeric form of the 134-residue amino-terminal fragment. The carboxyl-terminal fragment appears to be a random coil, while the amino-terminal fragment retains a considerable degree of secondary and tertiary structures. | 150,855 | [
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Preparation and some properties of homogeneous Neurospora crassa assimilatory NADPH-nitrite reductase. | The Neurospora crassa assimilatory NADPH-nitrite reductase (NAD(P)H: nitrite oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.6.4), which catalyzes the NADPH-dependent formation of ammonia from nitrite, has been purified to homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific activity of the purified enzyme is 26.9 mumol nitrite reduced/min per mg protein, which corresponds to a turnover number of 7800 min(-1). The enzyme also has associated NADH-nitrite reductase, NADPH-hydroxylamine reductase and NADH-hydroxylamine reductase activities. The stoichiometry of 3 mol NADPH oxidized per mol nitrite reduced and ammonia formed has been confirmed. The visible absorption spectrum of the nitrite reductase reveals maxima at 280,390 (Soret) and 580 (alpha) nm. The latter bands are indicative of the occurrence of siroheme as a prosthetic group. The A280nm/A390nm ratio of 7.0 and the Soret/alpha ratio of 3.8 are compatible with values reported for other purified siroheme-containing enzymes. These results are discussed in terms of the comparative biochemistry of various enzymes involved in nitrite, hydroxylamine and sulfite metabolism in Neurospora crassa and other organisms. | 150,863 | [
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[Monoaminergic and peptidergic innervation of rat median eminence, studied by a combination, in the same hypothalamus, of histofluorescent, immunocytochemical and radioautographic technics]. | The application of a combined histofluorescence-immunocytochemical and radioautographic technique on the same rat hypothalamus has revealed : 1) a close correlation between the dopaminergic fibers and LH-RH containing axons all along the external layers of the ME, 2) a probable origin within the periventricular hypothalamus of some of the SRIF containing axons evidenced in the external zone of the ME, 3) the exclusive location within the internal ME of the axons originating within the supraoptic nuclei, 4) the ending within the external ME of the axons originating within the medial paraventricular nuclei. | 150,883 | [
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[Comparison of the survival of desialylated erythrocytes and demonstration of the presence of T-agglutinin in rabbits and ducks]. | Rabbit as well duck erythrocytes desialization leads to a dramatic decrease of their survival time. Rabbit erythrocytes are trapped transiently by the liver ; in contrast splenic uptake is gradual. Serum from the two species contains a T-agglutinin directed against autologous desialyated erythrocytes. In the two cases, this T-agglutinin is from the IgM class and its immunodominant sugar is galactose in the beta configuration. | 150,911 | [
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[Effects of hypobaric hypoxia and erucic acid on mitochondrial triglycerides in rat heart]. | At normal atmospheric pressure, an erucic acid-supplemented diet produces an increase of heart mitochondrial triglycerides. With the same quantity of erucic acid, hypoxia emphasizes the triglyceride overload in rat heart mitochondria. Thus, hypoxia increases the risk caused by rapeseed-oil. In hypoxia or at normal atmospheric pressure, rapeseed-oil without erucic acid does not modify the level of mitochondrial triglycerides. | 150,928 | [
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Effect of parachlorophenylalanine, a brain serotonin depletor, on the prolactin cells of the eel pituitary. | Parachlorophenylalanine (pCPA), an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase depleting brain serotonin in higher vertebrates, was injected into freshwater eels. After 4 or 8 injections (200 mg/kg/day) or 10 injections (100 and 140 mg/kg/day) plasma electrolyte values were not modified. Prolactin (PRL) cells appear less active, with increased granulation after 6 and 10 injections. Their cell height (P less than 0.01) and their nuclear area (P less than 0.001) are reduced. As injections of 5-hydroxytryptophan stimulate PRL cells, these findings suggest that a serotoninergic system may participate in the regulation of PRL cell activity. Brain serotonin depletion probably decreases granule release in PRL cells, a result comparable to the lowering action of pCPA on the plasma PRL level in some mammals. | 150,951 | [
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Role of hyaluronic acid in the in vivo aggregation of cartilage proteoglycans. | From studies of isolated cartilage proteoglycans in solution it has been inferred that they occur in the tissue as aggregates of high molecular weight which consist of proteoglycan monomers, hyaluronic acid and specific link proteins. The present investigation provides direct evidence for the existence of hyaluronic acid-containing aggregates in vivo, as indicated by the following observations: Treatment of sections of coastal cartilage from newborn rabbits with Streptomyces hyaluronidase led to complete disappearance of the electron dense granules, which have been previously identified as chondroitin sulfate proteglycans, from the extracellular matrix. Similar results were obtained on digestion with leech hyaluronidase which, like the Streptomyces enzyme, specifically degrades hyaluronic acid. Proteoglycan aggregation occurs not only in the extracellular compartment but intracellularly as well, since a portion of the hyaluronidase-senstive, electron dense proteoglycan granules are found in intracellular vesicles. It is concluded that the ability of proteoglycan monomers to form aggregates is a true reflection of the in vivo organization of these molecules and that aggregate formation is an important factor in the maintenance of the normal physiological function of cartilage tissue. | 150,964 | [
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[Phantom experiments and early clinical experience with a mammogram apparatus using a grid (author's transl)]. | The effect of a grid on film quality and dose was investigated in a newly developed mammographic apparatus (Mammo Diagnost U--C. H. F. Müller). It was shown that available film-screen combinations used with a grid produced practically the same picture quality as Definix Medical used without screen or grid. Although the dose required is almost doubled by the use of the grid, the latter, nevertheless, produces a reduction of surface dose to about a quarter (4 cm. plexiglass phantom). Using a film-screen combination not at present commercially available, there was some improvement in the demonstration of microcalcification, but the improvement resulted in an increase in the required radiation dose. | 151,055 | [
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Grenz rays: adequate or antiquated? | Selected benign dermatoses, recalcitrant to most other forms of therapy, respond to grenz-ray therapy. When appropriately administered, this is a safe treatment for such conditions. This paper delineates the practical application of grenz-ray therapy at the present time. | 151,105 | [
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Aortoarteritis and cardiomyopathy. A heretofore undescribed association. | An interesting association between aortoarteritis syndrome (Takayasu's arteriopathy) and congestive cardiomyopathy has been described for the first time. The severe congestive heart failure in 3 out of 4 cases reported here was not associated with hypertension. Morphologic features of the heart in all cases were characteristic of congestive cardiomyopathy, while in the aorta and its branches, anatomical changes were those of aortoarteritis. An etiopathogenic relationship between the 2 conditions is likely to be present in these cases. | 151,155 | [
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Some interrelations between the density of the Haversian canals and the area occupied by these in the diaphyseal compact bone in man. | The authors studied the ratio between the density of the Haversian canals and the area occupied by these in the diaphyseal cortex of the main long bones in man. The interrelation was estimated by means of the correlation coefficient, which varies between -0.135 for the fibula and -0.168 for the humerus. It was found that the two parameters were inversely proportional: the greater the number of canals in a given area, the smaller the relative proportion of the area occupied by them. | 151,216 | [
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0.271642... |
Data regarding the structural feature of nervous elements in the bile ducts during intrauterine life. | The nervous elements of the extrahepatic bile ducts were studied on serial sections prepared from rabbit and human embryos and foetuses, using silver impregnation techniques. In the gallbladder of rabbit embryos and foetuses, the nervous elements are absent, whereas the bile ducts possess a dense parasympathetic vegetative plexus. In human embryos, the muscular layers and submucosa of the gallbladder and bile ducts have well developed parasympathetic plexuses and a sympathetic subserous plexus, without nerve cells, respectively. The histotopical identification of nervous elements in the bile ducts allows the distinction of parasympathetic plexuses from the sympathetic ones. | 151,218 | [
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0.0287799... |
Formation dynamics of lymph node metastases after heterografting of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in rats. | The inoculation of 100 X 10(6) Ehrlich ascites tumor cells into the peritoneal cavity of X-irradiated rats induced a transitory ascites tumor and lymph nodes metastases. The sequential aspects of metastases formation and regression were studied. No metastases were found in non-irradiated rats injected with the same amount of tumor cells. | 151,226 | [
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Role of serotonin in feedback control of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular complex in male rats. | Hemicastration of male rats produced rapid changes in plasma testosterone (T) levels both in summer and in winter. However, in winter, after unilateral castration, the duration of T maximum decrease was found to be longer, but the compensatory increase of blood T following its drop was more dramatic as compared to the summer season. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) administration blocked the compensatory increase in plasma T that followed its drop induced by hemicastration. At the same time, under similar experimental conditions, a preliminary injection of p-chlorophenyl-alanine (PCPA) was accompanied by a more marked rise of plasma T than in control unilaterally castrated rats. After the injection of serotonin (5-HT) into the lateral ventricle of the brain there was no effect on the blood T content in rats with intact gonads. However, 5-HT injection to hemicastrated animals under similar conditions completely prevented the compensatory increase of T level in blood after its fall caused by the operation. On the other hand, double intraventricular injection of methysergide was followed by a more marked rise of blood T content as compared with the control hemicastrated rats. The conclusion is drawn that brain serotoninergic neurons are involved in feedback mechanisms related to the control of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular complex. | 151,240 | [
-0.01474075,
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Properties of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase isolated from rat liver. | Soluble, oligomysin-insensitive ATPase was isolated from liver mitochondria by a new technique [Drahota and Houstĕk 1977]. Study of the resultant enzyme preparation provided further evidence that the isolated protein displays properties typical of mitochondrial ATPase (specific activity about 100 U/mg, optimum pH 8.2, activation by various bivalent cations and reassociation with membranes deprived of ATPase). | 151,284 | [
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Dopaminergic control of adenohypophyseal growth after oestrogens: negative results with L-DOPA, RO-4-4602, alpha-methyl-DOPA, apomorphine, haloperidol, pyridoxine and cyproheptadine. | Chronic oestrogen treatment augments adenohypophyseal weight and the thyroxine-binding capacity of adenohypophyseal proteins in rats. Since these reactions are both inhibited by ergocornine and ergoline derivatives (as well as by the thyroid hormones, testosterone, anti-oestrogens and antiandrogens), and are potentiation by perphenazine and the dopaminergic neurone blocker Pimozide, the peroral effectiveness of various other substances presumed to act in the region of the dopaminergic or serotoninergic neurones of the hypothalamus was tested. L-DOPA (10 mg/rat/day) did not modify the adenohypophyseal reaction, either alone or combined with the DOPA-decarboxylate inhibitor Ro-4-4602 (1 mg/rat/day). alpha-Methyl-DOPA (10 mg/rat/day), apomorphine (3 mg/rat/day), haloperidol (0.2 mg/rat/day), pyridoxine (20 mg/rat/day) and cyproheptadine (1 mg/rat/day) were likewise ineffective. | 151,287 | [
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A pancreatic-polypeptide-producing tumour associated with the WDHA syndrome. | A case with the clinical appearance of WDHA syndrome is described in which serum concentrations of the newly recognized hormonal principle pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were highly elevated, while plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide were within the normal range. The symptoms of the patient seem to be derived from the high levels of circulating PP, as illustrated by an improvement after resection of liver metastases accompanied by a marked decrease of serum PP concentration. Streptozotocin treatment was without effect upon the watery diarrhoea, and PP levels also remained unchanged during medical treatment. The appearance of a PP-secreting tumour leading to a clinical WDHA syndrome widens the spectrum of hormone assays that have to be performed in these patients. | 151,327 | [
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0.08310714,
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0.000... |
Site of ATPase activity in Myxococcus xanthus: lipid requirement for enzyme activity. Dedicated to Professor Dr. W. Schwartz on his 80th birthday. | Treatment of cells with lysophosphatidylcholine, lysozyme, and phospholipase D removed most of their phospholipids and reduced ATPase activity to near zero. Addition of a microdispersion of phospholipids restored enzyme activity to various degrees. Phosphatidylcholine was most effective in reconstitution experiments, less effective were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. Lipid analyses of cell fractions were possible through separation of cell wall and cell membrane in a sucrose gradient after differentiated treatment of glutaraldehyde fixed cells with lysophosphatidylcholine, lysozyme, and pronase. Phosphatidylcholine was almost exclusively a component of the cell membrane, whereas phosphatidylethanolamine was that of the wall. It is concluded that lipids are necessary for in vivo function of a Mg-dependent ATPase, and that membrane-associated phosphatidylcholine may serve as a matrix for the enzyme. Lipid extracts made from cells or cell fractions contained plasmologens, not previously reported to occur in Gram-negative, aerobic bacteria. | 151,387 | [
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Cell kinetics in the spleen of Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. | During the period of 18 days after transplantation the uptake of 3H-thymidine into DNA was significantly increased in the spleen of Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing Swiss and NMRI mice. Adenosine deaminase activity was within the control limits in tumor-bearing Swiss mice and significantly increased for the tumor-bearers of the NMRI strain. However, the increase in the DNA content, which is associated to splenic hyperplasia, was evident only for the Swiss strain. The time course of the retention of 3H-DNA revealed that the half life of spleen cells ranged from 41 to 46 h in normal and tumor-bearing Swiss mice and normal NMRI mice. For tumor-bearing NMRI mice the rate of cell depletion was significantly increased (t1/2 = 32h) compared with that found in normal NMRI mice (t1/2 =44 h). The mean survival time was 23.0 days for the tumor-bearing Swiss mice and 24.6 days for the NMRI mice. These data suggest that the immune responses were similar in both strains of mice, although cell kinetics was different in the spleen of tumor-bearing Swiss and NMRI mice. | 151,393 | [
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Use of the Goal Attainment Scale in the treatment and ongoing evaluation of neurologically handicapped children. | Six children with multiple handicaps were treated as a pilot group by a physical therapist, occupational therapist, and a speech/language pathologist. Baseline evaluations were obtained through a compilation of traditional developmental tests. A Goal Attainment Scale technique was introduced to facilitate reevaluation of the children. The advantages of the scale were to facilitate ongoing feedback for both the professionals and the parents as well as to update specific, individualized goals in each therapeutic area. This information was also helpful to third-party payers of service. Results showed that, after an initial period of familiarization, therapists became more accurate in their expectations of progress in treatment. Therapy time spent with each child was also increased without increasing costs or preparation time for each therapist. Specifically, re-evaluation scores obtained on the Goal Attainment Scales approached a normal, expected distribution of values. The potential value of extending the system to more objectively, efficiently, and concisely display treatment results is discussed. | 151,501 | [
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Vectorcardiographic diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of right bundle branch block in young subjects. | Two groups of young patients, one with right bundle branch block complicated by right ventricular hypertrophy due to congenital heart disease, the other with right bundle branch block and no right ventricular hypertrophy, could be separated on the basis of a few quantitative vectorcardiographic and electrocardiographic criteria. Vectorcardiographic criteria proved better than electrocardiographic criteria in detecting right ventricular hypertropy in individual patients with complete right bundle branch block. Criteria based on the configuration of the QRS loop were also specific but much less sensitive for the diagnosis of this association. In a similar population, that is, young patients with postoperative right bundle branch block, the existence of a residual right ventricular overload would be strongly suggested by the presence of any one of the following criteria: (1) a clockwise rotation of the QRS loop in the horizontal plane, (2) a ratio of the magnitude of the R wave to that of the S wave (R/S ratio) in lead X at less than 2.0, (3) a mean QRS vector in lead X more negative than--10 mv.msec, or (4) a maximal QRS vector located between 90 degrees and 270 degrees in the horizontal plane. In contrast, an R/S ratio in lead X that was equal or superior to 2.0 or an azimuth angle of the mean spatial QRS vector that was not between 90 degrees and 180 degrees would indicate that the right ventricular conduction defect is probably uncomplicated. | 151,506 | [
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Rat isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation for pharmacological study of muscle spindle afferent activity: effect of oxotremorine. | 1. Muscle spindle afferent discharges exhibiting an approximately linear length-frequency relation could be recorded from the phrenic nerve in the isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation of the rat. 2. Muscle spindle afferent discharges could be identified by their characteristic "spindle pause" during muscle contraction and by their response to succinylcholine. 3. Cholinergic influence on spontaneous and stretch-induced afferent discharges was indicated by the augmentation produced by physostigmine and acetylcholine. (+)-Tubocurarine, but not atropine, prevented this augmentation indicating the presence of curariform cholinoceptors in muscle spindles. 4. Acetylcholine did not appear to be involved in the genesis of spindle afferent discharges as incubation with hemicholinium-3 and (+)-tubocurarine failed to affect the rate of spontaneous and stretch-induced spindle discharges. 5. Oxotremorine markedly increased the rate of spontaneous and stretch-induced spindle afferent discharges and this effect was prevented in the presence of hemicholinium-3 and (+)-tubocurarine. 6. These results with oxotremorine are of interest in connection with the observation that muscle spindle afferents and hyperactive in Parkinsonian patients. | 151,569 | [
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DNA sequences of promoter regions for the str and spc ribosomal protein operons in E. coli. | The DNA sequences have been determined for promoter regions of two ribosomal protein operons in E. coli, the str operon and the spc operon. The site of in vitro transcription initiation within each of these promoter regions has been determined. The start site of the str operon occurs 69 bases upstream from the initiation codon of the S12 gene. The start site of the spc operon occurs 72 bases upstream from the L14 gene, and only 91 bases downstream from the termination codon of the S17 gene (which is in the preceding S10 operon). Both promoters are similar to other sequenced promoters in that they each have an identifiable "Pribnow box" sequence 5 bases upstream from the transcription start site. The spc promoter has a long sequence of 2 fold symmetry centered within the Pribnow box; the str promoter has a shorter but similar symmetry. At positions -69 through -40 in the spc operon, another long region of symmetry is present which may be the termination signal of the preceding S10 operon. Extensive sequence similarity between the str and spc promoter regions is found downstream from the Pribnow box-that is, in a transcribed region preceding the translation start sites. | 151,587 | [
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Bilateral transverse sinus obstruction in benign intracranial hypertension due to hypervitaminosis A. | Hypervitaminosis A may be associated with benign intracranial hypertension. So far, the explanation for this phenomenon has remained obscure. A 17-year-old patient with benign intracranial hypertension, following chronic vitamin A intake of 150,000 units daily for acne vulgaris, is presented. Bilateral papilledema was present and bilateral obstruction of the transverse sinuses was demonstrated in the late venous phase of cerebral angiography. Discontinuation of vitamin A and acetazolamide treatment was followed by complete regression of the signs and symptoms of intracranial hypertension. Bilateral sinus obstruction with interference of cerebral sinus outflow is suggested as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of benign intracranial hypertension in vitamin A intoxication. Menstrual dysfunction and tetracycline therapy cannot be completely excluded as possible causative factors. | 151,668 | [
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[Orbital sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. | In case of an isolated orbital tumour, which evolves rapidly in a patient, whom general condition is good and who shows no other signs, the possibility of a sarcoidosis must be considered. The diagnosis will be confirmed by a biopsy and often by a tomography of the pulmonary hila, a radiography of the hands and feet as well as by the efficacity of the corticosteroid treatment. | 151,707 | [
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Hereditary optic atrophy with probable association with a specific HLA haplotype. | A family with hereditary optic atrophy in 4 members of 3 generations is described. The clinical findings differ from those previously observed in hereditary optic atrophy and in Leber's disease, indicating that the hereditary optic atrophy described in this report represents a new disease entity, which is inherited in an autosomal, dominant way with incomplete penetrance. Analyses of the cerebrospinal fluid and serum did not reveal signs of immunoglobulin synthesis within the central nervous system, i.e. findings encountered in a considerable proportion of patients with optic neuritis. An association was found between the family members affected by the disease and the major histocompatibility system haplotype A2 B8. A linkage thus occurred between the disease and the HLA region on human chromosome No. 6. | 151,734 | [
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Differential transcription of nonrepeated DNAs in Neurospora crassa mutants. | Transcriptional properties of an "albino" mutant, a "slime" mutant and a wild type strain of Neurospora crassa have been compared by quantitative estimates of DNA:RNA hybridization. The RNAs isolated from these strains were incubated with 32P-DNA of the wild type strain. The DNA:RNA hybrids were isolated by chromatography on hydroxyapatite. 29--34% of the wild type 32P-DNA hybridized with RNA from all of the strains used. The DNA sequences which gave a primary reaction with wild type RNA (tr-DNA) were recovered and again reacted with different RNAs. The tr-DNA sequences reacted to the extent of 92% with the wild type RNA, but only 78% with slime mutant RNA and 85% with the RNA isolated from the albino mutant. The use of tr-DNA sequences thus isolated, proved to have increased the specificity of the hybridization reactions, these were useful indicators for identification of transcriptional differences among wild type and mutant strains of N. crassa. | 151,803 | [
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Relation between the low back pain syndrome and x-ray findings. 2. Transitional vertebra (mainly sacralization). | The relation between LBP and transitional vertebra was investigated in 312 subjects; 148 healthy individuals served as controls. An overall incidence of 0.65% lumbarization and 20.8% sacralization was found; of the latter, one third were partial and two-thirds complete. The incidence was markedly lower in women. No direct relation between sacralization, partial or complete, and LBP was found; this was based on interrelation of the LBP and control groups, with or without sacralization, to age, ethnic community, occupation, number of changes of occupation or place of employment, duration of LBP, and physical occupational requirements (sitting, standing, bending, sudden maximal effort). There is some evidence that LBP, when associated with sacralization, may be more severe. | 151,915 | [
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Effect of immunosuppression on the growth of six murine tumors. | Mice have been immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide, cortisone-acetate, irradiation, or Ehrlich ascitic fluid (EAF) and then grafted with Ehrlich tumor or with one of the following strain-specific tumors: thymoma, methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma, B-16 melanoma, lymphatic leukaemia, and myeloid leukaemia. Immunosuppression of the host influenced very differently the growth of transplanted malignancies. The growth of thymoma and of Ehrlich tumor was regularly enhanced. The growth of fibrosarcoma and of melanoma, on the other hand, was retarded in mice pretreated with EAF and X-rays, or remained unchanged in mice pretreated with drugs. Leukaemia growth was not influenced by any immunosuppressive treatment; the only exception was enhanced growth of lymphoid leukaemia in animals pretreated with EAF. Thus different tumors grew differently in animals immunosuppressed by the same immunosuppressive agent, while different immunosuppressive treatment changed the growth of one particular tumor always in the same way. From this we concluded: (1) there is no rule as to how immunosuppression of the host will influence tumor growth; and (2) the way in which the malignant growth will be changed depends mainly upon the type of the tumor and probably not very much upon the type of immunosuppressive treatment. | 151,996 | [
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Mössbauer spectroscopy on oxygenated sperm whale myoglobin: evidence for an Fe3+-O2- coupling at the active center. | 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of oxygenated sperm whale myoglobin (MbO2) show a well resolved quadrupole doublet with a temperature dependent splitting. The temperature dependence of the corresponding electric field gradient tensor (EFG) can be calculated from a Fe3+ term scheme for the iron at the active center. The Mössbauer spectra as well as the diamagnetc character of the MbO2-complex are then understood by an exchange coupling of the Fe3+-ion with O2- oxygen molecule ion. The resulting groundstate is a diamagnetic singlet. In order to keep the whole complex diamagnetic at room temperature, an exchange coupling with [J] greater than or equal to 300cm-1 is necessary. As the whole model is in fair agreement with many other spectroscopic data, it is believed to be a good starting point for further detailed calculations. | 152,002 | [
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Conformationally restricted adenine nucleotide analogs in mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transport. | The conformationally restricted adenine nucleotide analogs 8,3'anhydro-8-oxy-9-(beta-D-xylofuranosyl)adenine-5'-O-tri(di)-phosphate (I), and 8,2'-anhydro-8-oxy-9-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl) adenine-5'-O-tri(di)-phosphate (II), were prepared chemically as their alpha-32P-labelled compounds and compared with syn-structured 8-bromo AT(D)P in mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocation. The experimental findings demonstrate that the heterocycle-ribose orientation affects the carrier mediated adenine nucleotide transport very strongly, i.e. a non fixed adenine heterocycle in the anti region is prerequisite for the bound nucleotide to induce the transfer action of the adenine nucleotide carrier. | 152,005 | [
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Alterations in ecdysone content during the post-embryonic development of Chironomus thummi: correlations with chromosomal puffing. | The ecdysone titer of larvae and pupae of Chironomus thummi was determined by radioimmune assay (RIA) and revealed a concentration of about 150 ng/g fresh weigth in late third instar larvae and a peak of more than 450 ng/g fresh weight just preceding pupation. The ecdysone titer curve shows a high degree of correlation with previously observed puffing activity at the ecdysone sensitive chromosomal site IIIdl. Further, beta-ecdysone is the only endogenous ecdysone detected by high pressure liquid chromatography during larval-pupal development. It was also observed that developmentally arrested Chironomus contain less ecdysone than "normal" larvae. | 152,006 | [
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[Effect of meteorologic and heliogeophysical factors on stroke incidence in Leningrad]. | A study of the frequency of strokes in different periodical intervals during 22 years according to the data of Urgent Medical Aid Stations in Leningrad demonstrated a certain influence of environmental physical factors on the incidence rate. Certain intraannual fluctuations with a maximum increase in the winter-spring period and a drop of the incidence during summer were due to the weather influence and sun activity. The most biotropic were fluctuations of atmospheric pressure, especially its drop and sun (magnetic) perturbation. The different seasonal influence of separate physical factors are not the same. During winter there is a prevalence of biotropical significance in the fluctuation of barometrical pressure, in spring--geomagnetical perturbations. | 152,042 | [
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Phage typing of nontypable isolates of Staphylococcus aureus using the new phages 94, 95, and 96 and the heat-shock treatment. | Of 2,144 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (from human beings in New York State) received in the authors' laboratory during 1975, 992 (46.,%) were nontypable with the use of the international basic set of bacteriophages. These 2,144 isolates were retested with the use of the recently added phages 94, 95, and 96. Nearly 60% of the isolates were lysed with one or more of these three phages, including 64% of those previously nontypable, thus reducing the percentage of nontypables to 16.5%. One hundred randomly selected isolates that remained nontypable were heat-shocked and retested with the revised basic set of phages, which includes the three new phages. Forty-three isolates were typable with the use of this procedure; all but one of these produced the exact same phage pattern in at least three of five trials. | 152,059 | [
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The effect of 5-fluorouracil on abdominal wound healing in rats. | We carried out experiments to test the hypothesis that 5-Fluorouracil would retard wound healing when administration was started on the day of operation. Abdominal wounds were made in rats and closed again, and some of the animals were given daily 5-FU, the rest acting as controls. Test animals were killed three, five, seven and 10 days after operation, and the strength of their wounds was measured. At five and seven days the control wounds were 10 times stronger than those of the treated animals, and at 10 days they were four times stronger. We speculated that the difference in strength might be largely due to the observed fact that the muscle layer in the treated animals was considerably weaker than in the controls. We concluded that it would be unsafe to start giving 5-FU to patients immediately after operation. | 152,105 | [
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Granulomatous and neoplastic diseases of the skin of horses. | Lesions encountered in a clinicopathological study of cutaneous lesions resembling 'swamp cancer' from horses in North Queensland included 37 cases of subcutaneous phycomycosis, 5 of which were also infected with Habronema sp larvae. In addition 9 cases of primary cutaneous habronemiasis, 58 sarcoids, 12 fibromas, 8 fibrosarcomas, 10 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 haemangiomas, 3 melanomas, 1 papilloma, 1 palpebral adenocarcinoma and 7 cases of simple granulation were diagnosed. Subcutaneous phycomycosis resulted in the most extensive lesions. These were rapidly growing and provided the poorest prognosis of all conditions studied. The incidence of phycomycosis in north Queensland was high in comparison to more temperate areas and appeared to be related to the wetter seasons. Young horses were more commonly affected. A fungus isolated from 3 phycomycotic lesions was tentatively identified as Hyphomyces destruens as no sporulation was observed. | 152,106 | [
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Epidermolytic hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma. Report of a family and treatment with an oral aromatic retinoid. | This study describes a family of 30 people in which 14 members have hereditary epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Four patients were treated with an oral aromatic retinoid for up to 5 months. They responded in a uniform and dramatic way: 10-14 days after the onset of therapy, the hyperkeratotic horny layer was sequestered in large sheets resulting in normal appearing skin and restoration of normal surface sensitivity. Biopsies revealed that the underlying disorder of keratinization had remained unchanged. Treatment with the retinoid had to be discontinued as the sensitivity and vulnerability restricted normal function of hands and feet. | 152,116 | [
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0.1342484,
0.5940414,
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Effects of lanthanum on calcium-dependent phenomena in human red cells. | Lanthanum (0.25 mM) does not penetrate into fresh or Mg2+-depleted cells, whereas it does into ATP-depleted or ATP + 2,3-diphosphoglycerate-depleted cells, into cells containing more than 3 mM calcium, or cells stored for more than 4 weeks in acid/citrate/dextrose solution. In fresh cells loaded with calcium, extracellular lanthanum blocks the active Ca2+-efflux completely and inhibits (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) activity to about 50%. In Mg2+-depleted cells Ca2+-Ca2+ exchange is inhibited by lanthanum. Ca2+-leak is unaffected by lanthanum up to 0.25 mM concentration; higher lanthanum concentrations reduce leak rate. In NaCl medium Ca2+-leak +/ S.D. amounts to 0.28 +/ 0.08 mumol/1 of cells per min, whereas in KC1 medium to 0.15 +/ 0.04 mumol/1 of cells per min at 2.5 mM [Ca2+]e and 0.25 mM [La3+]e pH 7.1. Lanthanum inhibits Ca2+-dependent rapid K+ transport in ATP-depleted and propranolol-treated red cells, i.e. whenever intracellular calcium is below a critical level. The inhibition of the rapid K+ transport can be attributed to protein-lanthanum interactions on the cell surface, since lanthanum is effectively detached from the membrane lipids by propranolol. Lanthanum at 0.2--0.25 mM concentration has no direct effect on the morphology of red cells. The shape regeneration of Ca2+-loaded cells, however, is blocked by lanthanum owing to Ca2+-pump inhibition. Using lanthanum the transition in cell shape can be quantitatively correlated to intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. | 152,127 | [
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0.... |
Laparoscopic assessment of the jaundiced patient: a review of 53 patients. | Laparoscopy in the investigation of patients with jaundice allows visualization of intra-abdominal pathology, target biopsy of intra-abdominal lesions and percutaneous fine-needle cholangiography, all to be carried out at the one procedure. Formal laparotomy can then be planned electively or avoided completely in appropriate cases. In our experience we have found laparoscopy with percutaneous fine-needle cholangiography and biopsy to be a useful procedure in the diagnosis and management of jaundiced patients. | 152,136 | [
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0.03039865,
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Chlamydia trachomatis in gonococcal and postgonococcal urethritis. | Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the urethra of 38 (28.6%) out of 133 men with gonococcal urethritis (GU). During the follow up of 72 men postgonococcal urethritis (PGU) was diagnosed in 50 (69.5%) patients. More than half (30 out of 50) of these patients with PGU were Chlamydia-positive. Out of 31 patients with Chlamydia 30 developed PGU whether or not procaine penicillin, spectinomycin, or gentamicin were used. These findings are discussed in relation to present recommendations for the treatment and follow up of patients with GU. | 152,142 | [
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0.266999,
0.03173459,
0.1982799,
0... |
Effect of Sch1000 in allergen-induced asthma. | Carefully controlled allergen inhalation tests were carried out in twelve subjects to provoke early asthmatic responses with a mean maximum FEV1 fall of 30.7 +/- 5.2% (mean +/- s.d.). Four subjects had additional late asthmatic responses with a maximum mean FEV1 fall of 21.0 +/- 5.9%. The tests were repeated at intervals of 7 days in an identical way, following inhalation of Sch1000 (80 microgram) and placebo, each given 45 min before the onset of the early asthmatic response. This dose of Sch1000 produced a marked and uniform inhibition of methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in the same subjects. The allergen-induced responses were reproducible in eleven out of the twelve subjects; the coefficient of variation for the decrease in FEV1 in the early responses being +/- 7% and in the late response +/- 43%. Sch1000 produced a slight and variable inhibition of early asthmatic responses (P less than 0.02) and no inhibition of late asthmatic responses. We examined the relationship between the degree of inhibition of the early asthmatic response by Sch1000 and : (a) the degree of inhibition produced by Sch1000 on histamine- and methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction; (b) the level of non-specific bronchial reactivity measured by inhaled histamine and methacholine; and (c) the degree of bronchodilatation produced by Sch1000. No relationship was found. | 152,170 | [
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0.3528018,
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0.09757619,
0.14395... |
Cell-mediated lympholysis: examination of HLA genetic fine structure and complementation using cytotoxic lymphocytes. | Human cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL), sensitized in vitro in one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures between two unrelated individuals, have been used to study target cell determinants. One pair of CTL shows strong cell-mediated lympholysis responses against the specific target cells as well as against third-party target cells obtained from unrelated individuals. Testing of sixty target cells shows a significant association between the two CTL with a correlation coefficient of 0.67 in the panel. The target determinant recognized by the CTL is not an HLA-A,B,C or D specificity, as defined by standard serological and cellular reagents. Segregation studies in a large family reveal that the new specificity defined by the CTL is controlled by HLA, and its recognition may be restricted by the HLA complex. | 152,205 | [
0.01939951,
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0.01870084,
0.2220668,
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0.074664,
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0.4399278,
0.4358913,
0.3330454,
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0.153... |
[Intravenous cholegraphy in acute cholecystitis (author's transl)]. | In this prospective study iv-cholegraphy was performed before surgery on 152 patients by whom acute cholecystitis could not be excluded. The examination was diagnostic in 85% of the cases. Most of the patients (20/23) with nonvisualization of the biliary tract by iv-cholegraphy suffered from acute cholecystitis, the others (3/23) from acute pancreatitis. In three false negative examinations the opacification of the gallbladder was weak and in three false positive cases the cystic duct obstruction was caused by a chronic gallbladder disease. Because the preliminary clinical suspicion of acute cholecystitis even when using rigid criteria proved to be false in 30% of the cases, we consider a radiologic clarification to be indicated. Iv-cholegraphy is found to be an important examination in acute cholecystitis, practicable even at small radiologic departments with conventional equipment, and a reliable indicator of cystic duct obstruction. | 152,261 | [
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0.1024616,
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... |
[Post-traumatic findings in the cerebral arteries in the neck (author's transl)]. | Starting from the observation of a post-traumatic thrombosis in the cervical portion of the carotid artery, with two subsequent similar findings, it is shown that angiography is of special importance in assessing these cases. Investigation of the cervical region of this artery should be considered in all cases of skull and cerebral trauma. On the other hand, the cases described by Sullivan show that the presence of a carotid lesion must be considered in all multiple injuries, just as injuries to vessels and organs must be excluded in patients with intracranial haematomas. Consultation between physician and radiologist is necessary for all injured patients in order not to omit any important steps during angiography. | 152,266 | [
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0.2042032,
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0.06811687,
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0.07587723,
0.199242,
0.111235,
0.1166799,
-0.1485524,
-0.03897846,
0.3... |
[Haemophilic pseudo-tumours and iliac haematomas: radiological and clinical findings (author's transl)]. | Between 1971 and 1977, 648 patients with haemophilia were seen; of these 38 had pseudo-tumours and 163 iliac haematomas. Amongst the latter 153 were cured by the administration of the appropriate factor. In ten the symptoms persisted. In the early stages the diagnosis cannot be made radiologically. Large haematomas produce indirect evidence of their presence by displacing the bladder. Particularly with small haematomas, computer tomography has proved a reliable and accurate diagnostic measure. Without treatment, a haemophilic pseudo-tumour may develop. Its radiological differential diagnosis includes malignant and benign bone tumours, inflammatory and parasitic disease. Therapy includes conservative measures (factor concentrates) or operative intervention (removal of the haematoma). | 152,273 | [
0.0193972,
0.3258703,
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0.007696281,
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0.214246,
0.06776734,
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... |
Modulation of immune response by killed Brucella abortus organisms: comparison of the effects of smooth and rough strains on T-dependent responses. | Inactivated Brucella abortus organisms of the smooth (S) or rough (R) strain were tested comparatively on two T-dependent immune responses: mixed-lymphocyte reaction and delayed-type hypersensitivity. The intravenous injection of S organisms depressed the two tests, whereas R organisms increased mixed-lymphocyte reaction and did not alter delayed-type hypersensitivity significantly. This observation may be helpful in understanding the differences in adjuvant properties of S and R brucellae. | 152,297 | [
0.01873913,
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0.05748678,
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0.3311882,
0.1767418,
0.1762599,
0.0179496,
-0.0... |
Nuclear division cycle in germinating conidia of Neurospora crassa. | A temperature-sensitive mutant has been shown to be blocked at a specific point in the nuclear division cycle: just before the initiation of DNA synthesis at the time when the spindle pole bodies have duplicated but not separated. The metabolic activities of conidia of this mutant strain at the nonpermissive temperature have led us to conclude that the nuclei in a population of dormant conidia are arrested at various points in the nuclear division cycle. This conclusion is substantiated by the activities of conidia in the presence of the inhibitory drugs cycloheximide and hydroxyurea. In each inhibitory situation we observed that some, but not all, of the conidia were able to accomplish DNA synthesis and/or nuclear division. | 152,308 | [
0.01553719,
0.1578727,
0.07025021,
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0.143607,
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0.1587506,
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0.3915079,
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0.08611581,
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0.5045339,
0.1944011,
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0... |
Thymic macrophages modulate one stage of T cell differentiation in vitro. | We have described a procedure for isolating thymic macrophages and have evaluated their activity in stimulating thymocyte maturation in vitro. The culturing of gradient-purified immature thymocytes on thymic macrophages leads to an increased expression of H-2 antigens and decreased lytic sensitivity with anti-TL and C. The macrophage-stimulated thymocyte also acquires the ability to respond in the MLR. We propose that the macrophage may regulate one stage of thymic differentiation in vivo. | 152,329 | [
0.1012913,
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0.0115937,
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0.3581379,
0.3605471,
0.02406899,
0.02225224,
0... |
Minocycline-induced loss of potassium from erythrocytes: identification of a family with an augmented response. | The effect of several tetracycline antibiotics of human erythrocytes was examined because of previous findings that these drugs bind to erythrocyte membranes. Minocycline and cetocycline, two highly lipid-soluble analogues, but not tetracycline, induced loss of K+ from red blood cells. Loss of K+ increased linearly with time of incubation, concentration of minocycline, and temperature. The effect of minocycline was inhibited by plasma and calcium. The cells from one volunteer consistently showed an augmented response to minocycline; similar findings for family members of the volunteer suggested a dominant autosomal mode of inheritance. The only abnormality noted in the subject was mild reticulocytosis and a slightly reduced K+ content in his red blood cells. Preliminary studies did not demonstrate alterations in protein composition of his red blood cell membranes, enhanced osmotic fragility, or defects in Ca++-dependent or ouabain-sensitive (Na+-K+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity. The exact site of the minocycline effect remains to be determined. | 152,337 | [
0.08731315,
0.1698487,
0.04116455,
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0.03064783,
0... |
Lactic acidosis associated with cerebellar vermal atrophy and cardiomyopathy. | The association of fluctuating neurological signs and congestive cardiomyopathy with chronic lactic acidosis is described in a 5 1/2 year-old-boy who ultimately succumbed to congestive heart failure. The autopsy findings included severe atrophy of the anterior cerebellar vermis and a hypertrophied heart with left sided endocardial fibroelastosis. Skeletal and cardial muscle calcification was prominent and probably due to the effect of intracellular metabolic alterations associated with lactic acidosis. A review of the literature shows that the combination of cardiomyopathy, isolated atrophy of cerebellar vermis and muscle fiber calcification have not been reported in association with idiopathic lactic acidosis previously. | 152,418 | [
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Functional differences of ouabain and ethacrynic acid on renal potassium metabolism in dogs. | Current concepts provide inadequate explanations for the effects of ethacrynic acid (ECA) and ouabain (OUA) on renal potassium metabolism because neither the site of action, nor the tubular effects have been agrreed upon. In the present study on anaesthetized dogs, in vivo inhibitory effects of ECA on mitochondria or Na-K-ATPase were excluded. Firstly, ECA hardly reduced outer medullary metabolic rates in kidneys exposed to OUA and 2,4-dinitrophenol. Secondly, whereas OUA reduced renal Na-KATPase activity by 78% and induced parenchymal potassium release into the renal vein, none of these effects were observed during injection of ECA. During free flow, sodium reabsorption was equally reduced by the two drugs, but fractional potassium excretion was 0.54 +/-0.04 after OUA and 0.99 +/-0.02 after ECA. OUA alone or combined with ECA inhibited almost all ion transport in the distal 60% of the tubular volume as revealed by stop-flow. During ECA alone, chloride reabsorption was reduced more than sodium reabsorption because sodium was exchanged for potassium. ECA and SO4(2-) infusion produced similar stop-flow patterns. Thus, OUA is bound to Na-K-ATPases functionally located to the peritubular cell membrane. ECA promotes potassium secretion probably by inhibiting cellular anion entry at the luminal membrane. | 152,453 | [
-0.228569,
0.1494707,
-0.0731024,
0.2008823,
0.2253725,
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0.04591081,
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0.3930904,
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-0... |
[Clinical and bacteriological studies with metronidazol in endodontic therapy (author's transl)]. | Metronidazol was employed in the endodontic treatment of 200 gangrenous teeth, with symptoms of acute and chronic periodontitis. In 50 cases aerobic and anaerobic microbiological cultivations have been performed. The number of the necessary treatments was less, symptoms of irritation in the periapical region could not be observed. The favourable clinical and microbiological results in the course of the Metronidazol treatment point to the role of the anaerobic microorganisms in connection with the inflammatory symptoms of the gangrenous pulp. | 152,528 | [
-0.0137804,
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-0.03572506,
0.497824,
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0.0732341,
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0.07287222,
0.3377552,
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0.1152097,
... |
[Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of paradentosis therapy (author's transl)]. | The x2 test of goodness of fit was used to assess the correlation between empirically determined distributions of a number of characteristics used in parodontology and the model of normal distribution. There was found a more or less pronounced asymmetry in the statistical distributions of some clinical and biochemical tests. It is recommended to use 10g X or square root of x in order to achieve approximation to the normal distribution. Inaccuracies in interpretation of clinical data due to neglect of variations from normal distribution are pointed out. | 152,529 | [
0.06632432,
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0.1985746,
0.1316638,
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0.05430235,
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0.06926456,
0.1736004,
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0.3601886,
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-0.2887382,
0.01964332,
0.2531264,
0.1090766,
0.035887... |
[Objectification of gingival blood-supply disorders by photoelectric plethysmography (author's transl)]. | The measuring method described in this paper is used to photoelectrically detect the volume pulsation of the gingival border. The method, which is remarkable for its ease of application, enables both the original pulse and its first differential derivation to be recorded reliably. Evaluation of the pulse cure is by the time of inclination and by the recently introduced "plateau index". Results of studies conducted by Kötzschke et al. show that the plateau index allows to clearly distinguish between normal subjects and parodontopathy patients including those where the disease is in its early stage. This measuring method may be used for objectifying therapeutical measures. Using the "nitroglycerin test", it was possible to show that parodontopathies are very frequently accompanied by functional blood-supply disorders. | 152,530 | [
-0.07634958,
-0.1525449,
-0.2666034,
-0.1897554,
0.1850015,
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0.09262472,
0.2274915,
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0.0284686,
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0.02509014,
0.3728181,
-0.01658419,
-0.0139... |
[Professional allergic diseases in CSSR (author's transl)]. | The authors have watched more than 300 workers of various fodder manufactures in allergological, immunological and clinical way. The findings have been evaluated to the part of the exposition, hygiene and professional allergens. The symptoms of the latent sensitisation so as clinical symptoms after longer time of employment give evidence about a great importance and higher biological activity of the most fodders of modern farming and about new possibilities of the professional allergisation. | 152,570 | [
-0.09358235,
-0.2367629,
0.1431385,
0.2164145,
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0.06702308,
0.01523133,
0.2161205,
0.009325041,
0.3025706,
-0.2004... |
Speaking fundamental frequency characteristics of institutionalized adults with Down's syndrome. | Mean speaking fundamental frequency was obtained from 16 institutionalized adults with Down's syndrome (8 males, 8 females) and from 16 nonretarded adults of similar age and sex. Both male and female adults with Down's syndrome exhibited a higher mean speaking fundamental frequency than did the nonretarded adults of the same sex. This finding does not support early reports of a characteristically low-pitched voice among Down's syndrome individuals. | 152,582 | [
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0.2773263,
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0.08024596,
-0.02783057,
-0.2683586,
-0.6038175,
0.08246494,
0.1510561,
-0.2291292,
... |
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